@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

As the title states, scratch behind my ear and you get it. 🐶🐾🫡

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Test Bounty Note

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Intro

This short tutorial will help you set up your own Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) on your own LND Node that is not using Umbrel. If you are a user of Umbrel, you should use their version of NWC.

Requirements

You need to have a working installation of LND with established channels and connectivity to the internet. NWC in itself is fairly light and will not consume a lot of resources. You will also want to ensure that you have a working installation of Docker, since we will use a docker image to run NWC.

• Working installation of LND (and all of its required components)
• Docker (with Docker compose)

Installation

For the purpose of this tutorial, we will assume that you have your lnd/bitcoind running under user bitcoin with home directory /home/bitcoin. We will also assume that you already have a running installation of Docker (or docker.io).

Prepare and verify

git version - we will need git to get the latest version of NWC. docker version - should execute successfully and show the currently installed version of Docker. docker compose version - same as before, but the version will be different. ss -tupln | grep 10009- should produce the following output: tcp LISTEN 0 4096 0.0.0.0:10009 0.0.0.0: tcp LISTEN 0 4096 [::]:10009 [::]:**

For things to work correctly, your Docker should be version 20.10.0 or later. If you have an older version, consider installing a new one using instructions here: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/

Create folders & download NWC

In the home directory of your LND/bitcoind user, create a new folder, e.g., "nwc" mkdir /home/bitcoin/nwc. Change to that directory cd /home/bitcoin/nwc and clone the NWC repository: git clone https://github.com/getAlby/nostr-wallet-connect.git

Creating the Docker image

In this step, we will create a Docker image that you will use to run NWC.

• Change directory to nostr-wallet-connect: cd nostr-wallet-connect
• Run command to build Docker image: docker build -t nwc:$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M') -t nwc:latest . (there is a dot at the end)
• The last line of the output (after a few minutes) should look like => => naming to docker.io/library/nwc:latest
• nwc:latest is the name of the Docker image with a tag which you should note for use later.

Creating docker-compose.yml and necessary data directories

• Let's create a directory that will hold your non-volatile data (DB): mkdir data
• Indocker-compose.ymlfile, there are fields that you want to replace (<> comments) and port “4321” that you want to make sure is open (check with ss -tupln | grep 4321which should return nothing).
• Create docker-compose.ymlfile with the following content, and make sure to update fields that have <> comment:

version: "3.8" services: nwc: image: nwc:latest volumes: - ./data:/data - ~/.lnd:/lnd:ro ports: - "4321:8080" extra_hosts: - "localhost:host-gateway" environment: NOSTR_PRIVKEY: <use "openssl rand -hex 32" to generate a fresh key and place it inside ""> LN_BACKEND_TYPE: "LND" LND_ADDRESS: localhost:10009 LND_CERT_FILE: "/lnd/tls.cert" LND_MACAROON_FILE: "/lnd/data/chain/bitcoin/mainnet/admin.macaroon" DATABASE_URI: "/data/nostr-wallet-connect.db" COOKIE_SECRET: <use "openssl rand -hex 32" to generate fresh secret and place it inside ""> PORT: 8080 restart: always stop_grace_period: 1m

Starting and testing

Now that you have everything ready, it is time to start the container and test.

• While you are in the nwcdirectory (important), execute the following command and check the log output, docker compose up
• You should see container logs while it is starting, and it should not exit if everything went well.
• At this point, you should be able to go to http://<ip of the host where nwc is running>:4321 and get to the interface of NWC
• To stop the test run of NWC, simply press Ctrl-C , and it will shut the container down.
• To start NWC permanently, you should execute docker compose up -d , “-d” tells Docker to detach from the session.
• To check currently running NWC logs, execute docker compose logs to run it in tail mode add -f to the end.
• To stop the container, execute docker compose down

That's all, just follow the instructions in the web interface to get started.

Updating

As with any software, you should expect fixes and updates that you would need to perform periodically. You could automate this, but it falls outside of the scope of this tutorial. Since we already have all of the necessary configuration in place, the update execution is fairly simple.

• Change directory to the clone of the git repository, cd /home/bitcoin/nwc/nostr-wallet-connect
• Run command to build Docker image: docker build -t nwc:$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M') -t nwc:latest . (there is a dot at the end)
• Change directory back one level cd ..
• Restart (stop and start) the docker compose config docker compose down && docker compose up -d
• Done! Optionally you may want to check the logs: docker compose logs

@ d2e97f73:ea9a4d1b

There’s a lot of conversation around the #TwitterFiles. Here’s my take, and thoughts on how to fix the issues identified.

I’ll start with the principles I’ve come to believe…based on everything I’ve learned and experienced through my past actions as a Twitter co-founder and lead:

1. Social media must be resilient to corporate and government control.
2. Only the original author may remove content they produce.
3. Moderation is best implemented by algorithmic choice.

The Twitter when I led it and the Twitter of today do not meet any of these principles. This is my fault alone, as I completely gave up pushing for them when an activist entered our stock in 2020. I no longer had hope of achieving any of it as a public company with no defense mechanisms (lack of dual-class shares being a key one). I planned my exit at that moment knowing I was no longer right for the company.

The biggest mistake I made was continuing to invest in building tools for us to manage the public conversation, versus building tools for the people using Twitter to easily manage it for themselves. This burdened the company with too much power, and opened us to significant outside pressure (such as advertising budgets). I generally think companies have become far too powerful, and that became completely clear to me with our suspension of Trump’s account. As I’ve said before, we did the right thing for the public company business at the time, but the wrong thing for the internet and society. Much more about this here: https://twitter.com/jack/status/1349510769268850690

I continue to believe there was no ill intent or hidden agendas, and everyone acted according to the best information we had at the time. Of course mistakes were made. But if we had focused more on tools for the people using the service rather than tools for us, and moved much faster towards absolute transparency, we probably wouldn’t be in this situation of needing a fresh reset (which I am supportive of). Again, I own all of this and our actions, and all I can do is work to make it right.

Back to the principles. Of course governments want to shape and control the public conversation, and will use every method at their disposal to do so, including the media. And the power a corporation wields to do the same is only growing. It’s critical that the people have tools to resist this, and that those tools are ultimately owned by the people. Allowing a government or a few corporations to own the public conversation is a path towards centralized control.

I’m a strong believer that any content produced by someone for the internet should be permanent until the original author chooses to delete it. It should be always available and addressable. Content takedowns and suspensions should not be possible. Doing so complicates important context, learning, and enforcement of illegal activity. There are significant issues with this stance of course, but starting with this principle will allow for far better solutions than we have today. The internet is trending towards a world were storage is “free” and infinite, which places all the actual value on how to discover and see content.

Which brings me to the last principle: moderation. I don’t believe a centralized system can do content moderation globally. It can only be done through ranking and relevance algorithms, the more localized the better. But instead of a company or government building and controlling these solely, people should be able to build and choose from algorithms that best match their criteria, or not have to use any at all. A “follow” action should always deliver every bit of content from the corresponding account, and the algorithms should be able to comb through everything else through a relevance lens that an individual determines. There’s a default “G-rated” algorithm, and then there’s everything else one can imagine.

The only way I know of to truly live up to these 3 principles is a free and open protocol for social media, that is not owned by a single company or group of companies, and is resilient to corporate and government influence. The problem today is that we have companies who own both the protocol and discovery of content. Which ultimately puts one person in charge of what’s available and seen, or not. This is by definition a single point of failure, no matter how great the person, and over time will fracture the public conversation, and may lead to more control by governments and corporations around the world.

I believe many companies can build a phenomenal business off an open protocol. For proof, look at both the web and email. The biggest problem with these models however is that the discovery mechanisms are far too proprietary and fixed instead of open or extendable. Companies can build many profitable services that complement rather than lock down how we access this massive collection of conversation. There is no need to own or host it themselves.

Many of you won’t trust this solution just because it’s me stating it. I get it, but that’s exactly the point. Trusting any one individual with this comes with compromises, not to mention being way too heavy a burden for the individual. It has to be something akin to what bitcoin has shown to be possible. If you want proof of this, get out of the US and European bubble of the bitcoin price fluctuations and learn how real people are using it for censorship resistance in Africa and Central/South America.

I do still wish for Twitter, and every company, to become uncomfortably transparent in all their actions, and I wish I forced more of that years ago. I do believe absolute transparency builds trust. As for the files, I wish they were released Wikileaks-style, with many more eyes and interpretations to consider. And along with that, commitments of transparency for present and future actions. I’m hopeful all of this will happen. There’s nothing to hide…only a lot to learn from. The current attacks on my former colleagues could be dangerous and doesn’t solve anything. If you want to blame, direct it at me and my actions, or lack thereof.

As far as the free and open social media protocol goes, there are many competing projects: @bluesky is one with the AT Protocol, nostr another, Mastodon yet another, Matrix yet another…and there will be many more. One will have a chance at becoming a standard like HTTP or SMTP. This isn’t about a “decentralized Twitter.” This is a focused and urgent push for a foundational core technology standard to make social media a native part of the internet. I believe this is critical both to Twitter’s future, and the public conversation’s ability to truly serve the people, which helps hold governments and corporations accountable. And hopefully makes it all a lot more fun and informative again.

💸🛠️🌐 To accelerate open internet and protocol work, I’m going to open a new category of #startsmall grants: “open internet development.” It will start with a focus of giving cash and equity grants to engineering teams working on social media and private communication protocols, bitcoin, and a web-only mobile OS. I’ll make some grants next week, starting with $1mm/yr to Signal. Please let me know other great candidates for this money.

@ 82341f88:fbfbe6a2

There’s a lot of conversation around the #TwitterFiles. Here’s my take, and thoughts on how to fix the issues identified.

I’ll start with the principles I’ve come to believe…based on everything I’ve learned and experienced through my past actions as a Twitter co-founder and lead:

1. Social media must be resilient to corporate and government control.
2. Only the original author may remove content they produce.
3. Moderation is best implemented by algorithmic choice.

The Twitter when I led it and the Twitter of today do not meet any of these principles. This is my fault alone, as I completely gave up pushing for them when an activist entered our stock in 2020. I no longer had hope of achieving any of it as a public company with no defense mechanisms (lack of dual-class shares being a key one). I planned my exit at that moment knowing I was no longer right for the company.

The biggest mistake I made was continuing to invest in building tools for us to manage the public conversation, versus building tools for the people using Twitter to easily manage it for themselves. This burdened the company with too much power, and opened us to significant outside pressure (such as advertising budgets). I generally think companies have become far too powerful, and that became completely clear to me with our suspension of Trump’s account. As I’ve said before, we did the right thing for the public company business at the time, but the wrong thing for the internet and society. Much more about this here: https://twitter.com/jack/status/1349510769268850690

I continue to believe there was no ill intent or hidden agendas, and everyone acted according to the best information we had at the time. Of course mistakes were made. But if we had focused more on tools for the people using the service rather than tools for us, and moved much faster towards absolute transparency, we probably wouldn’t be in this situation of needing a fresh reset (which I am supportive of). Again, I own all of this and our actions, and all I can do is work to make it right.

Back to the principles. Of course governments want to shape and control the public conversation, and will use every method at their disposal to do so, including the media. And the power a corporation wields to do the same is only growing. It’s critical that the people have tools to resist this, and that those tools are ultimately owned by the people. Allowing a government or a few corporations to own the public conversation is a path towards centralized control.

I’m a strong believer that any content produced by someone for the internet should be permanent until the original author chooses to delete it. It should be always available and addressable. Content takedowns and suspensions should not be possible. Doing so complicates important context, learning, and enforcement of illegal activity. There are significant issues with this stance of course, but starting with this principle will allow for far better solutions than we have today. The internet is trending towards a world were storage is “free” and infinite, which places all the actual value on how to discover and see content.

Which brings me to the last principle: moderation. I don’t believe a centralized system can do content moderation globally. It can only be done through ranking and relevance algorithms, the more localized the better. But instead of a company or government building and controlling these solely, people should be able to build and choose from algorithms that best match their criteria, or not have to use any at all. A “follow” action should always deliver every bit of content from the corresponding account, and the algorithms should be able to comb through everything else through a relevance lens that an individual determines. There’s a default “G-rated” algorithm, and then there’s everything else one can imagine.

The only way I know of to truly live up to these 3 principles is a free and open protocol for social media, that is not owned by a single company or group of companies, and is resilient to corporate and government influence. The problem today is that we have companies who own both the protocol and discovery of content. Which ultimately puts one person in charge of what’s available and seen, or not. This is by definition a single point of failure, no matter how great the person, and over time will fracture the public conversation, and may lead to more control by governments and corporations around the world.

I believe many companies can build a phenomenal business off an open protocol. For proof, look at both the web and email. The biggest problem with these models however is that the discovery mechanisms are far too proprietary and fixed instead of open or extendable. Companies can build many profitable services that complement rather than lock down how we access this massive collection of conversation. There is no need to own or host it themselves.

Many of you won’t trust this solution just because it’s me stating it. I get it, but that’s exactly the point. Trusting any one individual with this comes with compromises, not to mention being way too heavy a burden for the individual. It has to be something akin to what bitcoin has shown to be possible. If you want proof of this, get out of the US and European bubble of the bitcoin price fluctuations and learn how real people are using it for censorship resistance in Africa and Central/South America.

I do still wish for Twitter, and every company, to become uncomfortably transparent in all their actions, and I wish I forced more of that years ago. I do believe absolute transparency builds trust. As for the files, I wish they were released Wikileaks-style, with many more eyes and interpretations to consider. And along with that, commitments of transparency for present and future actions. I’m hopeful all of this will happen. There’s nothing to hide…only a lot to learn from. The current attacks on my former colleagues could be dangerous and doesn’t solve anything. If you want to blame, direct it at me and my actions, or lack thereof.

As far as the free and open social media protocol goes, there are many competing projects: @bluesky is one with the AT Protocol, nostr another, Mastodon yet another, Matrix yet another…and there will be many more. One will have a chance at becoming a standard like HTTP or SMTP. This isn’t about a “decentralized Twitter.” This is a focused and urgent push for a foundational core technology standard to make social media a native part of the internet. I believe this is critical both to Twitter’s future, and the public conversation’s ability to truly serve the people, which helps hold governments and corporations accountable. And hopefully makes it all a lot more fun and informative again.

💸🛠️🌐 To accelerate open internet and protocol work, I’m going to open a new category of #startsmall grants: “open internet development.” It will start with a focus of giving cash and equity grants to engineering teams working on social media and private communication protocols, bitcoin, and a web-only mobile OS. I’ll make some grants next week, starting with $1mm/yr to Signal. Please let me know other great candidates for this money.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Um dos eventos que ganha destaque em Wittgenstein é o fato do autor, no decorrer de sua vivência, modificar sua perspectiva e fazer duras críticas sobre sua primeira obra, o Tractatus. Wittgenstein percebeu que ao escrever o Tractatus no rigor formal da lógica, acabou afastado da realidade cotidiana e mesmo que uma linguagem formal perfeita fosse possível de ser desenvolvida, esta não teria sentido, não seria útil.

Como crítica de sua primeira obra, Wittgenstein escreve as investigações filosóficas, onde a perspectiva formal é refutada e o foco de suas reflexões passa para observação da prática cotidiana, permitindo novos caminhos para o pensamento, caminhos que irão promover uma inovadora forma de pensar o humano, onde a linguagem é tratada em sua complexidade como jogos de linguagem e é nestes jogos que a razão se forma e os homens se constituem enquanto seres pragmáticos, racionais, culturais, de interação e ação social, tornando-se a própria linguagem enquanto práxis social.

Na tradição cuja predominância é o raciocínio formal, o mundo é visto como algo que existe “em si” onde a estrutura é conhecida pela razão e depois transmitida aos outros por meio da linguagem, e o conhecimento é entendido como algo não lingüístico.

Para o Wittgenstein da Investigação Filosófica, não existe um mundo “em si” independente da linguagem. Só temos o mundo na linguagem, assim sendo, torna-se absurdo querer determinar a significação de expressões lingüísticas pela ordenação de palavras ou a realidade através de convenções, em outras palavras, a formalidade não se aplica nestes casos.

Entendendo o ser humano como constituinte e constituído pela linguagem é possível, ao analisar o processo da formação e uso desta linguagem, compreender com maior clareza a própria natureza humana e a complexidade que envolve esta questão, apontando nossas limitações e respondendo sobre o que podemos realmente conhecer e pensar.

Wittgenstein refuta a linguagem fenomenológica e aborda uma reflexão sobre uma linguagem física, de uso diário, cotidiano.

Através da reflexão promovida por Wittgenstein é possível apontar para alguns problemas atuais, entre eles, o problema da universalização no campo ético, do conceito de racionalidade universal e seu efeito, da fragilidade da fundamentação formal na interpretação universal do agir humano, entre outros.

Estes problemas se tornam mais evidentes quando observamos que a linguagem não é portadora de significado universal e sim uma prática diferenciada em cada grupo social distinto, onde a significação é tratada e compreendida regionalmente. Em outras palavras, a capacidade de comunicação é universal, no entanto, o uso e o significado atribuído ao que é comunicado é de caráter regional e constitui a compreensão do mundo e os critérios de verdade da região que as emprega.

Uma tribo no meio da Amazônia que entenda o mundo como sendo uma grande ilha suspensa pelo deus do vento e a sociedade moderna que entende o mundo como uma massa suspensa pela gravidade, são em ambos os casos uma percepção de mundo onde o significado “mundo” é totalmente diferente, não representa a mesma coisa.

São as diferentes regras da linguagem que determinam os diferentes significados de uma expressão, estas regras é que constituem os jogos de linguagem, jogos estes que constituem a razão e o direcionamento da percepção humana.

Os jogos de linguagem acentuam que nos diferentes contextos ocorrem diferentes regras que determinam o sentido das expressões lingüísticas. Interpretando a linguagem como possuidora de sentido através dos jogos de linguagem, e sendo as regras destes jogos entendidas somente através do aprendizado em sociedade, - convívio social - encontramos nas investigações filosóficas a constituição do humano em sua totalidade e complexidade enquanto práxis social.

Para compreender o fenômeno da práxis social e a constituição da razão, ou ainda, a formação do humano, torna-se necessário ultrapassar os limites da formalidade e adotar uma nova postura frente ao surgimento da constatação da existência dos jogos de linguagem, proporcionando um novo caminho para razão.

Para se aprofundar em Wittgenstein e melhor compreender suas ideias e reflexões, separamos para você alguns textos em PDF.

1 - Filosofia como análise da linguagem: Texto que aborda os principais aspectos da perspectiva wittgensteiniana. Ideal para quem está iniciando nos estudos sobre este autor.

2 - A concepção de filosofia de Wittgenstein: Esta é uma dissertação de mestrado que apresenta em maiores detalhes este autor e suas obras.

Referências:

MONK, Ray. Wittgenstein o dever do gênio. São Paulo: Companhia das letras, 1995.

HALLER, Rudolf. Wittgenstein e a filosofia austríaca: questões. São Paulo: Editora da universidade de São Paulo, 1990.

OLIVEIRA, Manfredo A. de. Reviravolta lingüístico-pragmática na filosofia contemporânea. 3 ed. São Paulo: Edições Loyola, 2006.

HINTIKKA, Merril B; Jaakko. Uma investigação sobre Wittgenstein. São Paulo: Papirus editora, 1994.

@ 7d4417d5:3eaf36d4

I'm learning as I go, so take the text below for what it is: my notes on the process. These steps could become outdated quickly, and I may have some wrong assumptions at places. Either way, I have had success, and would like to share my experience for anyone new to the process. If I have made any errors, please reply with corrections so that others may avoid potential pitfalls.

!!! If you have "KYC Bitcoin", keep it in separate wallets from your "Anonymous Bitcoin". Any Anonymous Bitcoin in a wallet with KYC Bitcoin becomes 100% KYC Bitcoin.

!!! It took me several days to get all the right pieces set up before I could even start an exchange with someone.

!!! Using a VPN is highly recommended. If you're not already using one, take the time to find one that suits you and get it running.

!!! If you don't normally buy Amazon Gift Cards, start doing so now, and just send them to yourself, or friends that will give you cash in return, etc. For my first trade, Amazon locked me out of my account for about 22 hours, while I was in the middle of an exchange. All because I had never purchased an Amazon Gift Card before. It was quite nerve wracking. My second trade was for $300, and although my Amazon account wasn't shut down, that order had a status of "Sending" for about 22 hours, due to the large amount. In each of these cases I had multiple phone calls with their customer support, all of whom gave me false expectations. Had I already been sending gift cards to the anonymous email address that I created in the steps below, and maybe other anonymous email addresses that I could make, then I might not have been stalled so much.

---

1. Install Tor Browser for your OS. The RoboSats.com website issues a warning if you are not using Tor Browser. If you don't know what Tor is, I won't explain it all here, but trust me, it's cool and helps keep you anonymous. If you use Firefox, the interface will look very familiar to you.

2. Create a KYC-free e-mail address. I used tutanota.com in Firefox, as it would not allow me to create an account using Tor Browser. After the account was created, using Tor Browser to login, check emails, etc. has been working perfectly. Tutanota requires a 48 hour (or less) waiting period to prevent bots from using their system. You'll be able to login, and even draft an email, but you won't be able to send. After you've been approved, you should be able to login and send an email to your new address. It should show up in your Inbox almost instantly if it's working.

3. Have, or create, at least one Lightning wallet that is compatible with RoboSats.com and has no KYC Bitcoin in it. The RoboSats website has a compatibility chart available to find the best wallet for you. During an exchange on RoboSats, you will need to put up an escrow payment, or bond, in Satoshis. This amount is usually 3% of the total amount being exchanged. If the exchange is successful, the bond payment is canceled, leaving that amount in your wallet untouched, and with no record of it having been used as escrow. If you don't hold up your end of the trade, the bond amount will be transfered from your wallet. I created a wallet, using my new email address, with the Alby extension in the Tor Browser. This anonymous wallet was empty, so I used a separate wallet for the bond payment of my first trade. This wallet had KYC Bitcoin, but since it is being used for a bond payment, and no transaction will be recorded if everything goes okay, I don't mind taking the minuscule risk. After the first trade, I don't need to use the "KYC wallet", and I will use only my anonymous Lightning wallet for transactions related to performing a trade.

4. Create a new Robot Token by going to RoboSats using the Tor Browser. Copy the Token (Robot ID) to a text file as a temporary backup. It is recommended to create a new robot-token for every session of exchanges you make.

5. Select "Offers" to browse what others are presenting. "Create" is for when you want to create an offer of your own. You may need to create your own offer if none of the existing offers match your criteria.

6. Select "Buy" at the top of the page.

7. Select your currency (USD).

8. Select your payment methods by typing "amazon" and selecting (Amazon Gift Card). Repeat this process and select (Amazon USA Gift Card).

9. Determine Priorities - If you prefer to trade quickly, and don't care as much about premiums, look for users with a green dot on the upper-right of their robot icon. If you're not in a hurry, sort users by premium and select the best deal, even if they are inactive. They may become active once they are notified that their offer has activity from you.

10. The Definition of Price = the price with the premium added, but not the bond

11. A. Find A Compatible Offer - Select the row of the desired offer and enter the amount you would like to buy. i.e. $100 If you do not find a compatible offer, you will have to create your own offer.

    B.  **Create An Offer** - First, take a look at "Sell" offers for your same currency and payment method(s) that you will be using.  Take note of the premium those buyers are willing to pay.  If your premium is drastically less than theirs, your offer may get ignored.  Select "Create" at the bottom of the screen.  There is a slider at the top of the screen, select it to see all the options. Select "Buy". Enter the minimum and maximum amount that you wish to spend.  Type "amazon" to select the methods that you would like to use (Amazon Gift Card, Amazon USA Gift Card).  For "Premium Over Market", enter an amount that is competitive with premiums you saw at the start of this step and do not use the % sign!  You can adjust the duration, timer, and bond amount, but I leave those at their default settings.  Select the "Create Order" button, and follow the instructions for making a bond payment.
    

12. Pay the Bond - Copy the invoice that is presented. From your wallet that contains bond funds, select "Send", and paste the invoice as the recipient. This money will never leave your account if the exchange completes without issue. No transaction will be recorded. If there is a complication with the exchange, it is possible that this transaction will complete.

13. Create and Submit Your Invoice for Their Bitcoin Payment To You - Select "Lightning", if not selected by default.* Select the Copy Icon to copy the correct amount of Satoshis. This amount already has the premium deducted. From your anonymous Lightning Wallet, select "Receive", and paste the Satoshi amount. If you enter a description, it's probably best to keep it cryptic. Copy the invoice and paste it into RoboSats; then select "Submit".

    * If you plan on "mixing" your Bitcoin after purchase, it may be better to select "On Chain" and pay the necessary fees swap and mining fees. In the example this comes from, Sparrow wallet is used and has whirlpool ability in its interface.

14. Connect With Seller and Send Funds - Greet the seller in the chat window. The seller has now provided RoboSats with the Bitcoin to transfer to you. Your move is to buy an Amazon eGift Card for the amount of the trade. Log in to your Amazon account and start the process of buying an eGift card. For delivery there is the option of email or txt message. Ask the seller what their preference is, and get their address, or phone number, to enter into Amazon's form. Complete the purchase process on Amazon, and check the status of your order. Once you see the status of "Sent", go back to RoboSats in your Tor Browser.

15. Confirm Your Payment - Select the "Confirm ___ USD Sent" button and notify the seller to check their e-mail/txt messages.

16. Seller Confirmation - Once the seller select their "Confirm" button, the trade will immediately end with a confirmation screen.

17. Verify - If you check the anonymous wallet, the new amount should be presented.

@ e6817453:b0ac3c39

The Zooko’s Triangle is a concept in the realm of naming systems, specifically for decentralized or distributed networks. It was named after Zooko Wilcox-O’Hearn, a computer scientist and cypherpunk known for his work on the Zcash cryptocurrency. The triangle illustrates a trade-off between three desirable properties in a naming system:

1. Human-meaningful: Names are easily understood and remembered by humans.
2. Decentralized: No central authority controls the allocation or management of names.
3. Secure: Names are unique and cannot be easily taken or manipulated by others.

Zooko’s Triangle posits that achieving all three properties in a single system is difficult. Traditionally, a system could have only two of the three properties, leading to various combinations of naming systems with their respective advantages and disadvantages.

However, recent developments in cryptographic and distributed systems have led to solutions that challenge the traditional constraints of Zooko’s Triangle. One such system is the Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs).

DIDs

Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) are a new identifier for verifiable, decentralized digital identity. DIDs are designed to be self-sovereign, meaning that individuals or organizations control their identifiers without relying on a central authority. DID systems are built on top of decentralized networks, such as blockchain or distributed ledgers, providing a secure and tamper-proof infrastructure for identity management.

DIDs aim to achieve the three properties of Zooko’s Triangle:

1. Human-meaningful: While DIDs may not be human-meaningful due to their cryptographic nature, they can be associated with human-readable names or aliases.
2. Decentralized: DIDs are managed on decentralized networks, removing the need for a central authority.
3. Secure: The decentralized nature of DIDs, combined with cryptographic techniques, ensures that identifiers are unique, secure, and resistant to tampering.

In summary, Zooko’s Triangle presents a trade-off between human-meaningful, decentralized, and secure properties in naming systems. Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) are an example of a system that seeks to overcome the traditional limitations of the triangle by leveraging decentralized networks and cryptographic techniques to provide a more comprehensive solution for digital identity management.

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Por vezes parece que somos um povo passivo que pouco interage com os problemas políticos, até arrisco comentar que, mesmo nas dificuldades individuais, a maioria das pessoas assume uma postura passiva diante dos problemas.

Passiva na medida em que se espera delegar para alguém uma ação que é necessariamente coletiva, é nossa responsabilidade.

Neste sentido, a percepção empresarial e de empreendedorismo parece ser superficial e pouco comprometida com resultados sociais quando comparado com outros países cuja sociedade é mais engajada no agir coletivo.

É possível considerar que este comportamento passivo seja um reflexo de nossa origem escrava e fruto do regime de repressão que nossa sociedade viveu durante a chamada “ditadura”. Aprendemos a sobreviver dias após dia, mas sobreviver não é progredir.

No comportamento de sobrevivência o direcionamento do raciocínio, percepção e postura são voltados para soluções imediatas, sem uma estratégia para resultados de longo prazo.

Observe que o sobrevivente vive preocupado em manter-se, não existe uma estratégia para qualidade de vida ou crescimento. Como a preocupação é individual, o sobrevivente não costuma atuar ou organizar-se em grupos e sofre de grande impaciência.

Seja uma reunião no congresso nacional ou o simples ato de votar, se não for obrigatório e punitivo em caso de ausência, existe uma tendência de apenas uma minoria comparecer.

Os sobreviventes não aparecem, estão trabalhando em seus afazeres sem tempo para se preocupar com o futuro.

Até nossos governantes trabalham para sobreviver e não para progredir e gerar qualidade de vida. Tributações altas e emergenciais, acordos internacionais sem estratégias bem elaboradas e por aí vai.

Vários foram os acordos internacionais que prejudicaram o mercado nacional e a culpa foi jogada na globalização, nossa tributação então, nem se fala. Eu acredito que não é a globalização, mas sim nosso comportamento sobrevivente e superficial que potencializa momentos de crise. Parece que negociamos errado, não sei qual é o certo, mas sei que não o fizemos.

O próprio ato de jogar a culpa em outra pessoa ou evento é coerente com o comportamento do sobrevivente, observe que precisar sobreviver é um problema de quem é vítima de alguém ou algum evento.

Para o sobrevivente sempre existe um culpado, que não seja ele. Um sobrevivente não pode ser responsabilizado, afinal ele está apenas tentando sobreviver. Vários são os exemplos do comportamento de sobrevivência, lembrando que sobreviver significa ser superficial e até egoísta. Um ladrão é ladrão porque precisa sobreviver.

Observe que somos um país tão sobrevivente que apenas alguns crimes, fraudes, e furtos são realmente punidos. Na contramão do desenvolvimento, 80% das novas empresas não completam seu ciclo de vida ao enfrentar altas cargas tributárias e uma gama variada de dificuldades, incluindo a falta de conhecimento administrativo dos empreendedores.

Teoricamente, ainda que exagerando um pouco, como ladrão teríamos 90% de possibilidade de sucesso, enquanto como empreendedores apenas 20%. Você já deve ter ouvido falar que a lei apóia os ladrões assim como os direitos humanos. Isso não é verdade. Tanto as leis como os direitos humanos foram criados para proteger os sobreviventes.

A sobrevivência é tão forte que até possuímos orgulho dela, o próprio governo e empresas privadas espalham campanhas na televisão e frases como “Sou brasileiro, não desisto nunca”, reforçando o comportamento de sobrevivência.

Não acredito que tenhamos de esquecer a sobrevivência, mas precisamos perceber que sobreviver é apenas uma pequena parte do processo. No Brasil uma pessoa que sobrevive por muito tempo é considerada herói. Em outras culturas (países) estas mesmas pessoas podem ser consideradas burras. Imagine ficar tanto tempo sem evoluir, sem novas alternativas, ali estagnadas apenas sobrevivendo.

Existem muitas teorias sobre como solucionar o problema político e social, eu particularmente acredito que ajudaria se conseguirmos diferenciar claramente o significado de sobreviver e progredir.

Na realidade também estou descobrindo aos poucos o significado do comportamento empreendedor voltado para o progresso, então assim como na sobrevivência, também posso estar equivocado quanto uma ou outra questão relacionada ao tema do progresso.

Dentro dos eventos que vivenciei até o momento, acredito que o progresso caminha no sentido contrário ao da sobrevivência, para progredir precisamos estar estimulados para atuar em grupos organizados e assumir responsabilidades de longo prazo.

A constatação de que uma pessoa sozinha é sobrevivente enquanto em grupo progride, me parece coerente. Imagino que os professores, independente da área de atuação, devam estimular de forma eficiente a participação social e o perfil empreendedor de seus alunos. Para que isso ocorra é importante que o orientador tenha claro domínio sobre o momento de sobreviver e as ações de longo prazo para progredir.

Como a solução para o sucesso de uma comunidade, está na minha opinião, relacionada com a mudança de comportamento e a formação dos futuros profissionais e membros ativos da sociedade, não consigo enxergar uma resposta de curto prazo.

Acredito que programas de incentivo dentro das escolas são fundamentais, o difícil é convencer os administradores e diretores das necessidades emergentes para uma educação centrada em projetos de longo prazo e ampla comunicação. Aos empresários cairia bem apoiar e participar de programas bem elaborados que mostrem resultados de capacitação e possibilitem aos indivíduos buscarem o progresso e não a simples sobrevivência.

Gostaria de atentar para o fato do progresso só ocorrer em grupos, isso significa que só poderemos progredir se nossos colegas e amigos também progredirem. Em resumo, precisamos estar rodeados de pessoas comprometidas com o sucesso para evoluirmos.

Enquanto não nos percebermos como pessoas e governantes comprometidos com o progresso, ser empreendedor neste país vai continuar sendo uma tarefa muito sofrida, os nossos governantes vão continuar a nos sufocar com mentiras, corrupção, altas taxas em impostos absurdos.

Não importa quem vamos eleger como vilão ou culpado dos nossos problemas sociais e empresariais, se não pararmos com a cultura do sobrevivente, não existirá progresso real. Este para acontecer depende de ações concretas em coletividade.

Não quero sobreviver, quero progredir. E você?

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Coronavírus é uma família de vírus que causam infecções respiratórias. O novo agente do coronavírus foi descoberto em 31/12/19 após casos registrados na China. Provoca a doença chamada de coronavírus (COVID-19).

Os primeiros coronavírus humanos foram isolados pela primeira vez em 1937. No entanto, foi em 1965 que o vírus foi descrito como coronavírus, em decorrência do perfil na microscopia, parecendo uma coroa.

A maioria das pessoas se infecta com os coronavírus comuns ao longo da vida, sendo as crianças pequenas mais propensas a se infectarem com o tipo mais comum do vírus. Os coronavírus mais comuns que infectam humanos são o alpha coronavírus 229E e NL63 e beta coronavírus OC43, HKU1.

Tipos de coronavírus Os tipos de coronavírus conhecidos até o momento são:

[+] - Alpha coronavírus 229E e NL63. [+] - Beta coronavírus OC43 e HKU1. [+] - SARS-CoV (causador da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave ou SARS). [+] - MERS-CoV (causador da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio ou MERS). [+] - SARS-CoV-2: novo tipo de vírus do agente coronavírus, chamado de coronavírus, que surgiu na China em 31 de dezembro de 2019.

Alguns coronavírus podem causar doenças graves com impacto importante em termos de saúde pública, como a Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SARS), identificada em 2002, e a Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio (MERS), identificada em 2012.

Notícias internacionas e estatisticas atualizadas podem ser acessadas no site https://thewuhanvirus.com/ O uso do google tradutor pode facilitar para quem tem alguma dificuldade com a lingua inglesa. Orientações do governo brasileiro sobre o assunto podem ser lidas aqui!

Embora seja um assunto sério, já criaram dezenas de fake news sobre ele. De uma origem em laboratório orquestrada pelo empresário Bill Gates para lucrar com vacinas a estratégias simples e milagrosas para tratar e evitar a infecção, sobram informações inverídicas.

Elencamos os boatos que mais estão se disseminando sobre esse vírus e conversamos com especialistas para esclarecê-los de uma vez por todas. Confira:

Tomar uma superdose de vitamina D evita o coronavírus Uma mensagem assinada por um médico diz que a Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia (SBI) indica um reforço na imunidade para prevenir essa doença. Para isso, seria preciso injetar uma dose alta de vitamina D, que teria o poder de modular as defesas do corpo.

Só que a notícia é completamente falsa. A SBI emitiu um comunicado afirmando que jamais fez tal recomendação. “Tomar uma vitamina não vai mudar sua resposta a um agente estranho”, comenta Nancy Bellei, infectologista consultora da entidade e pesquisadora da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp).

Um estudo bem robusto, realizado em 2019 com mais de 5 mil adultos, mostra que mesmo uma dose enorme, de 100 mil UI de vitamina D, não previne infecções respiratórias, como o coronavírus. A pesquisa foi feita pela Universidade Harvard, nos Estados Unidos, e publicada no periódico Clinical Infectious Diseases.

Isso vale também para suplementos de vitamina C e minerais como zinco. A suplementação só deve entrar em cena com orientação profissional e em caso de deficiência de nutrientes comprovada.

Manter uma alimentação equilibrada ao longo da vida é a única recomendação nutricional dos médicos para reforçar as defesas. “Vender qualquer boost de imunidade beira o charlatanismo”, destaca João Prats, infectologista da BP – A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo.

Chá de erva-doce mata o vírus originário da China Esse é um boato reaproveitado há pelo menos dez anos. Verdade que, até então, essa fake news se restringia ao vírus influenza, causador da gripe. No WhatsApp, o texto alega que um médico do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo recomenda tomar o chá de erva-doce para curar o coronavírus, porque a planta tem o mesmo princípio ativo do Tamiflu, um remédio usado contra casos de H1N1 e outros subtipos do influenza.

Mas atenção: tal composto não existe na erva-doce. Aliás, o Ministério da Saúde ressalta que nenhum chá é capaz de tratar o coronavírus ou a gripe.

Alho, gengibre e outros fitoterápicos como forma de prevenção Ainda na seara alimentar, as correntes recomendam comer alho cru e tomar chá de gengibre, entre outras bebidas e alimentos, para reforçar a imunidade e matar o vírus.

“Embora moléculas dessas plantas demonstrem resultados positivos quando se estuda a ação delas em uma célula isolada no laboratório, não dá para extrapolar esse efeito para o corpo humano”, comenta Prat.

Isso não significa que comer um vegetal rico em nutrientes, como o alho ou mesmo o gengibre, fará mal. Na verdade, eles até podem aliviar sintomas como coriza e irritação nas vias aéreas. Só não espere que, isoladamente, previnam ou curem um caso de coronavírus ou de qualquer outra infecção respiratória.

Já ter pego gripe protege contra o coronavírus O influenza é diferente do coronavírus. Quando somos infectados por um subtipo do vírus da gripe, nosso organismo aprende a se defender especificamente contra ele, em um processo chamado de resposta imune adquirida.

O raciocínio é o mesmo para a vacina da gripe. O fato de ter recebido essa injeção não quer dizer que o organismo está mais resguardado do coronavírus. E nem contra o próprio influenza daqui um ano. Isso porque esse agente infeccioso sofre mutações constantes, que exigem modificações na vacina.

Agora, imunizar-se contra gripe pode evitar que o coronavírus cause complicações. Explica-se: esse novo vírus pode se aproveitar do fato de o organismo estar enfraquecido pelo influenza para provocar estragos graves.

Fique atento!

Essa é a postura mais indicada em casos de proteção da saúde, busque sempre informações nos sites oficiais das instituições governamentais e de saúde. Fique atento para não cair em falsas orientações e acabar complicando sua recuperação.

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A tecnologia para ajudar os pilotos na tarefa de aprender a pilotar já contava em 1910 com um simulador de voo. Ele era capaz de agitar a aeronave imitando algumas ocorrências, como turbulência ou permitindo ao instrutor avaliar o piloto.

Geralmente quando pensamos em simuladores de voo, logo lembramos dos modernos equipamentos e games. Mas é interessante ver o início um pouco diferente dos equipamentos computadorizados de hoje. No entanto, atendia a necessidade dos alunos de voo da época.

Em 1926 o equipamento recebeu inovações e permitia simular giros e mergulhos. Com o passar do tempo a tecnologia foi sendo aperfeiçoada e em 1942 os simuladores possuíam uma aparência mais próxima dos aviões da época. O primeiro simulador de voo moderno surgiu em 1954 e possuía um painel de pilotagem completo.

Atualmente nossa tecnologia de simuladores de voo, mesmo as usadas em casa, superam o primeiro simulador moderno. É a evolução em curso.

Na atualidade, os simuladores de voo são ferramentas importantes para a formação do aeronauta tanto em aeroclubes como em universidades, visto que o primeiro contato que o discente possui com aviões é, de fato, por meio destes programas de ensino, o que nos permite compreender e considerar o simulador como uma base nos conhecimentos práticos do piloto. A valer, mostra-se primordial sua relevância em todos os cursos preparatórios para pilotos, principalmente em Pilotagem Profissional de Aeronaves.

Os simuladores têm como característica em comum que é a tentativa de fornecer uma imitação como a operação na vida real, em que se pode treinar todos os tipos de procedimentos executados durante um voo real. É com o propósito de simular o comportamento real das aeronaves que envolve um baixo nível de abstração e um alto nível de envolvimento humano. Permite que o piloto experimente o comportamento dinâmico de uma aeronave, assim, interagindo como se fosse em uma aeronave real.

Todo simulador de voo é composto de um modelo, real ou teórico, que envolve uma combinação de ciência, tecnologia e arte para criar uma realidade artificial com o propósito de pesquisa, treinamento ou diversão. A manutenção é simples e tem um baixo custo, não são necessárias instalações especiais nem ferramentas muito complexas.

As informações necessárias estão contidas no manual de manutenção. O correto é a cada 200 (duzentas) horas de voo, realizar uma inspeção geral do equipamento e a vida útil é de aproximadamente 4.000 (quatro mil) horas de voo.

Devido a qualidade do realismo dos simuladores, eles abriram novos horizontes para o treinamento de voo, uma vez que são capazes de reproduzir um voo real, com variantes que também são reais, como temperatura do ar, alterações de vento e peso da aeronave (de acordo com a quantidade de passageiros e combustível).

Convém destacar que é possível também realizar treinamento de pousos e decolagens, simulação de situações de emergência e diversas manobras utilizadas no dia a dia do piloto, sem ter que usar uma aeronave real para treinar essas situações, evitando os gastos e o tempo dos pilotos.

Devido à grande quantidade de treinamento de procedimentos de emergência, onde podem ser treinados procedimentos em situações extremas de peso, 12 meteorologia e etc. O simulador é o principal local para treinar essas situações assim evitando um possível acidente devido alguma falha dos pilotos.

Para aprofundar seu conhecimento separamos um trabalho acadêmico que pode ser acessado em https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JUcIj3CMRdqpAk_rTf5NEjOO0hNBEn9R/view?usp=sharing

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A energia elétrica é sem dúvida o pilar das sociedades tecnológicas e não podemos pensar em desenvolver qualquer projeto tecnológico, sem considerar que tipo de gerador elétrico será aplicado no equipamento desenvolvido.

A busca pela fonte de energia inesgotável e portátil, é uma realidade nos dias de hoje e muitos estudiosos procuram em diversas áreas da natureza, uma maneira de prolongar o equilíbrio entre consumo energético e tempo de carga.

A energia elétrica é um dos maiores limitadores do avanço tecnológico dentro do campo da eletrônica, muitas das soluções tecnológicas não podem ser aplicadas em uma diversidade de problemas, porque os equipamentos eletrônicos quase sempre estão presos a necessidade de cabos para a condução da eletricidade e, a bateria, dura muito pouco para uma solução mais duradoura.

Dominamos boa parte do conhecimento em robótica e se tivéssemos uma fonte de energia portátil e duradoura, certamente enviaríamos sondas para locais desconhecidos como o fundo do mar, cavernas e assim por diante, avançando nosso conhecimento em uma escala acelerada.

Certamente no futuro, este problema será solucionado e a humanidade poderá vivenciar todo o esplendor pela busca ao desconhecido.

Gerar energia significa forçar a movimentação dos elétrons por um condutor artificialmente, no intuito de transformar a movimentação dos elétrons em bens de consumo como luz, calor, som e assim por diante.

Ainda nos dias de hoje, a técnica mais comum para se gerar energia constante, é através da movimentação de um motor elétrico com o apoio de forças naturais como água, vento e calor. Este método é o mais barato, permitindo a popularização da energia elétrica.

O processo para gerar energia através da movimentação de um motor elétrico, é relativamente simples, em todos os métodos aplica-se a força para girar o eixo do motor em uma extremidade, enquanto na outra os elétrons se movem.

Chamamos de Gerador hidráulico, quando é usado água e gerador eólico quando usamos o vento para movimentar o eixo do motor elétrico. Já no caso do gerador térmico, o eixo do motor é movimentado usando-se uma caldeira onde o vapor da água gera uma pressão com força suficiente para girar o eixo do motor, semelhante ao sistema usado nos antigos trens apelidados de Maria fumaça. Dentro desta categoria também estão os geradores nucleares que usam a fusão nuclear para girar o eixo do motor de forma semelhante a usina hidráulica.

Os geradores nucleares possuem um custo muito elevado e seu uso normalmente é restrito aos governos, já que este oferece grande risco ao meio ambiente e possui uma lei internacional que regulamenta as praticas do uso.

Além dos geradores com base em movimentos mecânicos conforme comentado anteriormente, existem também os geradores químicos e fotoelétricos.

Os geradores químicos são os mais usados em alimentação de pequenos circuitos, as pilhas e baterias estão dentro desta categoria.

Os geradores fotoelétricos, são responsáveis pela alimentação de satélites e outros circuitos menores, o maior problema neste tipo de gerador é o custo e a necessidade da luz do sol constante. Uma parceria entre as empresas Shell alemã e a Geosol também alemã, possibilitou a construção da maior usina fotoelétrica do mundo. Serão utilizados 33.500 módulos solares, capazes de gerar 5 megawatts. Esta energia é suficiente para abastecer cerca de 1.800 residências.

Os geradores comentados acima são os mais usados nos projetos tecnológicos. Existem várias outras formas de gerar energia e a cada dia novas técnicas são desenvolvidas, porém ainda não foi descoberto um sistema capaz de atender as expectativas de custo e portabilidade.

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Muitos internautas possuem dúvidas sobre os cursos gratuitos online. Será que são sérios? Realmente é possível aprender alguma coisa? O que devemos cuidar para não cair em algum golpe?

A internet é um lugar maravilhoso e também perigoso. Assim como existem sites sérios e seguros, também encontramos muitos ambientes maliciosos. Por esse motivo é aconselhável entender as motivações e os modelos de cursos gratuitos, aprendendo a detectar possíveis fraudes e diferenciar os ambientes sérios das armadilhas.

É importante não esquecer que em um sistema capitalista nada é gratuito. Tudo tem um preço. Se você não precisa pagar, alguém pagou para você. Quando estudamos nas escolas “gratuitamente” geralmente é o governo quem paga a conta usando o dinheiro arrecadado nos impostos. Afinal, o salário dos professores, conta da luz, água, merenda escolar e toda a estrutura operacional tem custos e alguém precisa pagar por eles.

Em qualquer outra situação a dinâmica é a mesma, se você não está pagando, alguém está. Isso significa que existe um ou mais interesses por parte de quem oferece algo “gratuito”.

O modelo mais comum consiste em oferecer gratuitamente uma parte do produto e cobrar por algo que complemente aquilo que é grátis. Esse é o caso de muitos games gratuitos que oferecem produtos para venda em seu interior. Nesse caso você vai jogando e para melhorar seu personagem ou algum cenário do game você pode comprar acessórios para incrementar o jogo. A compra não é obrigatória, mas fica lá esperando caso você deseje.

Algo semelhante ocorre com alguns cursos gratuitos que oferecem o acesso completamente sem custo, mas caso o aluno queira o certificado esse possui um custo. Dessa forma a escola online consegue seus lucros com as pessoas que desejam o certificado. Igual ao jogo, a compra não é obrigatória, mas o certificado está lá esperando por você caso deseje adquiri-lo. Essa é uma estratégia comercial que funciona bem. Ao ficar satisfeito com a qualidade do curso a maioria dos alunos não se importa em pagar uma pequena taxa para possuir o comprovante de conclusão, certificado.

Esse é um modelo de cursos online praticado em diversos países, existindo escolas que trabalham exclusivamente dessa forma. Para quem não precisa do certificado, dá para fazer os cursos sem nenhum custo. A vantagem desse modelo é que as escolas online precisam mostrar qualidade em seus cursos para garantir a satisfação dos alunos e assim aumentar as chances destes desejarem obter o certificado e com isso a escola lucra.

Outro modelo consiste em oferecer uma certa quantidade de cursos gratuitos para estimular os alunos na compra dos cursos pagos. Aqui também tem a vantagem da instituição ficar preocupada com a qualidade do curso gratuito já que este funciona como atrativo para estimular a compra dos outros cursos. Nesse sentido, os curso servem de demonstração da estrutura e qualidade da escola. Geralmente nessa modalidade não é oferecido o certificado. O foco é possibilitar uma demonstração da qualidade através de um curso gratuito aos potenciais clientes. Nesses casos, a instituição vai lhe enviar ofertas sobre os cursos pagos.

Também existem escolas que receberam dinheiro do governo para ofertar cursos gratuitos. Nesses casos é o governo que paga por aluno inscrito. Quando isso ocorre, mesmo sendo curso gratuito é emitido o certificado. Geralmente são instituições já consolidadas que conseguem apresentar projetos de capacitação e fechar parceria com o governo. A diferença é o processo seletivo que geralmente é mais rigoroso já que as vagas são limitadas e a procura é grande.

Fundações de grandes empresas como a Tim, Bradesco, Santander, entre outras, muitas vezes apresentam projetos educativos e recebem recursos para ofertar gratuitamente os cursos.

Uma modalidade muito praticada em outros países são os cursos gratuitos online oferecidos por universidades com direito ao certificado também gratuito. Esses cursos não são graduações, mas é possível aprender muito e servem para divulgar a qualidade da universidade. No entanto, para participar o interessado precisa entender o inglês. Geralmente são vídeo-aulas sendo em muitos casos transmitidas ao vivo com links para materiais de apoio.

Em todos os casos acima, os cursos tendem possuir boa qualidade já que o interesse é chamar atenção para a qualidade da instituição e motivar algum consumo.

Uma outra modalidade praticada, consiste em sites que oferecem conteúdo de livre acesso que são patrocinados com publicidade. Nesses casos o site paga seus custos de hospedagem e produção de conteúdo com o lucro que ocorre sempre que alguém clica em alguma propaganda. Geralmente são sites que oferecem acesso ao conteúdo gratuitamente. É uma modalidade muito usada para oferecer apostilas e uma variada quantidade de conteúdo. No entanto, não são sites de cursos gratuitos e sim conteúdos de livre acesso, ainda que em alguns casos possam apresentar uma estrutura de curso.

Para que seja considerado curso online é necessário que o site ofereça meios para sanar dúvidas e orientar os participantes quanto ao conteúdo e atividades. O livre acesso ao conteúdo, independente do formato, não caracteriza curso se não existir orientação e plano de ensino.

Para não cair em armadilhas é importante observar se ficou claro como a instituição está ganhando ao oferecer algo gratuito. Se não está claro o que ganha quem oferece coisas gratuitas, desconfie. Afinal, não existe realmente algo grátis. Quem paga a conta quer alguma coisa.

Consulte sites de reclamação como o https://www.reclameaqui.com.br/ e o https://www.reclamao.com/ para verificar se tem alguma queixa consistente sobre a instituição.

Procure participar de cursos gratuitos em sites e instituições que já possuem alguma reputação. Evite sites que são totalmente desconhecidos. Quando divulgamos os cursos gratuitos aqui no blog, procuramos sempre verificar a instituição anunciante para evitar que os leitores acessem algo duvidoso. Mas é sempre aconselhável ficar atento na hora de participar de alguma atividade online. Só assim você poderá garantir bons resultados.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Pesquisadores trabalham em uma maneira de capturar e aproveitar a energia transmitida por fontes como transmissores de rádio e televisão, redes de telefonia celular e sistemas de comunicações via satélite.

“Há uma grande quantidade de energia eletromagnética ao nosso redor, mas ninguém foi capaz de extrair ela”, disse Manos Tentzeris, professor titular da pesquisa. “Estamos usando um sistema miniaturizado de antena que nos permite explorar uma variedade de sinais em diferentes faixas de freqüência, dando-nos maior poder para coletar estas energias.“

Os pesquisadores estão utilizando a tecnologia de jato de tinta para imprimir estes dispositivos receptores de energia. A técnica de impressão de Tinta condutora em papel já é operacional e permite produzir sensores e antenas. O resultado aperfeiçoado será de sensores baseados impressos em papel com funcionamento sem fio e auto-alimentado pelo magnetismo do ambiente.

Esta tecnologia é de baixo custo e capaz de funcionar de forma independente em quase qualquer lugar.

A expectativa é que os sensores sem fio, impressos em papel, em breve estarão amplamente disponíveis a um custo muito baixo. A proliferação resultante desta tecnologia possibilita uma variada gama de aplicações.

@ e6817453:b0ac3c39

Organizational identifiers

Organizational identifiers have different sets of requirements and functions. It is not enough to have per-to-peer private communications. Organizations are more public, so we need publicly resolvable identifiers. DID:key satisfy this condition entirely but fails to fulfill the organization's needs.

• Organizations quite often act as issuers of credentials or attestations. For issuance, it is critical to have the possibility to rotate signing keys or even deactivate or delete identifiers if keys or issuer get compromised or to comply with security company policies.
• Organizations often require a split between the Controller of the identifier and the Identifier subject or even a transfer of the identifier subject.
• Organizations must have complete control of infrastructure and effectively manage resources and costs. The price of a single identifier should be fixed, and the method of creating new identifiers should be scalable.
• One of the essential requirements is trust and governance and transparent mechanics of proving and binding an identifier to an organizational entity and creating trust relations.
• Access to Identifier management is quite often controlled by a group of users

Nonfunctional requirements

• portability
• interoperability
• scalability
• Autonomous and control
• security

In my previous articles, we talk about Autonomous identifiers and how they differ from regular DIDs.

To recap

Autonomous identifiers (AIDs) are DIDs generated algorithmically from a crypto- graphic key pair in such a way that they are self-certifying, i.e. the binding with the public key can be verified without the need to consult any external blockchain or third party. KERI is an example of a decentralized identity technology based entirely on AIDs. © https://trustoverip.org/blog/2023/01/05/the-toip-trust-spanning-protocol/

In a previous article, I show how to create and use a did:key as an Autonomous identifier that feet well to private person-to-person secure communication.

Architectures and protocols that build on top of AIDs have few critical properties

• self-hosting and self-contained
• self-certified and Autonomous
• portable
• interoperable
• full control of infrastructure
• cost management

Nowadays, I discovered a few AIDs methods

• did:key — self-contained and public
• did:peer — self-certified, upgradable but private
• KERI based did — we waiting for did:keri method to be announced soon, but KERI infrastructure could be used to build internals of did:peer or similar methods.
• did:web — public, self-certified, and self-hosted method, but still, we have active community discussion and critics as far as it fully relays to ownership of domain name that could be stolen or re-assigned.

So we have to choose from did:key did:web and I hope in a future from did:keri.

To move forward, we need to understand the DID architecture better and how all parts are connected.

In many cases of personal or sovereign entities Subject and the Controller are the same, but for Organisations, it could have a crucial difference.

DID Subject

The DID subject is the entity that the DID represents. It can be a person, organization, device, or other identifiable entity. The DID subject is associated with a unique DID that serves as a persistent, resolvable, and cryptographically verifiable identifier. The subject is the primary focus of the identity management process and typically has one or more DIDs associated with it.

DID Controller

The DID controller is the entity (person, organization, or device) that has the authority to manage the DID Document associated with a particular DID. The DID controller can update, revoke, or delegate control of the DID Document, which contains the public keys, service endpoints, and other information required for interacting with the DID subject.

In many cases, the DID subject and DID controller can be the same entity, especially for individual users who create and manage their DIDs. However, in some situations, the DID controller may differ from the DID subject, such as when an organization manages the DIDs on behalf of its employees or when an administrator manages a device.

In summary, the DID subject is the entity the DID represents, while the DID controller is the entity with authority to manage the associated DID Document. Depending on the specific use case and requirements, these roles can be held by the same or different entities.

Key Pair

It is simple from the first point of view. Key-Pair is an asymmetric public and private key. One of the main DID functions is the distribution of public keys. DIDDoccument could contain multiple public keys with authorization rules and key roles.

Identifier

Representation of did itself. is a part of DID URI.

DID:Key

did:key identifier

DID web

did:web

Relations

Relations between all parts of DID identifier can be illustrated in the following diagram. DID method dictate how DID identifier gets created, updated, deactivated, and resolved.

Focusing on the relations of the controller, key pairs, and the identifier is more interesting for us.

The most significant power and benefit of DID are decoupling a key pair from a controller and identifier. It allows the rotation of keys and changes the ownership of the identifier and its subject and controller. It is the main competitive advantage of DID and SSI over web3 wallets and raw keys.

The ideal case is KERI infrastructure that decouples all parties via cryptographic binding and protocols.

To discover more, read the paper.

We used did: keys as AID in the previous article. DID:key is a cryptographically bound identifier to the public key but cannot change the binding. As a result, keys couldn't be rotated in the future. The controller has no binding except to prove private key ownership via the signature-based protocol.

On the other side, DID:web does not have a cryptographic binding of an identifier to a key pair from one side. It gives an easy possibility to rotate keys but loses the verifiability of the identifier.

The most interesting part is the Controller to identifier binding in a did: web. It is based on proof of domain name ownership and website resource. As I mention, it has some security considerations and critics in a community. Still, at the same time, we get a critical mechanism that settles trust and connects identifiers to the organization entity.

The mechanism of web domain ownership is well-defined and easy to explain to other users, even outside of SSI and web5 domain. It is getting wider adoption and creating a lot of use cases for organizations. So it helps to create a trust relationship between an identifier and organizational entity in a very transparent, human-readable, and self-explained way — the identifier hosted on the corporate domain belongs to the organization. On another side, it makes the transfer of the controller almost impossible. That's why it is critical to differentiate between a subject and a controller.

I believe that did:web still covers a lot of organizational cases and is suitable for issuing Verifiable Credentials and attestations on behalf of organizations.

Step-by-step guide on how to create and manage did:web you could find in my article

More detailed step-by-step coding guide with the live example you could find in my SSI notebooks book

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

Hey guys,

I spent some time this weekend fixing a bunch of the bugs that were introduced in the latest nostrdb refactor. See the changelog below for the full list of changes in the latest build!

Planned this week

I have a big list of things I'm planning on adding to Damus this week:

• Lists!
• Zap improvements: Bringing back top zap comments in threads, profile zap comments in notifications, Private DM Zaps
• Video player improvements
• Sharing improvements (share to damus, etc)

Make sure to come back in a week to see how much I could get done!

Changelog

Added

• Add close button to custom reactions (Suhail Saqan)
• Add ability to change order of custom reactions (Suhail Saqan)
• Adjustable font size (William Casarin)

Changed

• Show renotes in Notes timeline (William Casarin)

Fixed

• Ensure the person you're replying to is the first entry in the reply description (William Casarin)
• Don't cutoff text in notifications (William Casarin)
• Fix wikipedia url detection with parenthesis (William Casarin)
• Fixed old notifications always appearing on first start (William Casarin)
• Fix issue with slashes on relay urls causing relay connection problems (William Casarin)
• Fix rare crash triggered by local notifications (William Casarin)
• Fix crash when long-pressing reactions (William Casarin)
• Fixed nostr reporting decoding (William Casarin)
• Dismiss qr screen on scan (Suhail Saqan)
• Show QRCameraView regardless of same user (Suhail Saqan)
• Fix wiggle when long press reactions (Suhail Saqan)
• Fix reaction button breaking scrolling (Suhail Saqan)
• Fix crash when muting threads (Bryan Montz)

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

Hey guys,

I've been quiet lately... I've been working on something big. In the past 2 weeks there have been 9539 new lines of code added to damus, 2928 removed, 279 files changed. I've rewritten much of the codebase in preparation for the nostrdb integration.

nostrdb

What is nostrdb? nostrdb is an integrated relay within damus, with the same design as strfry, but slightly different to support embedding into nostr apps. This will be the heart of Damus apps going forward, including notedeck and other future microapps. Think of it as a kind of development kit but with an embedded database and query capabilities. I didn't want to have to recreate all of the same querying, caching, and parsing code when building new apps, nostrdb will solve all of the painful and slow parts. nostr seems simple but if you want a fully working app it is pretty complicated, especially if you want it to be fast and sync efficiently.

Goals

• be the best and most efficient at querying, syncing and storing nostr notes
• enable direct mapping of notes into application code without any serialization overhead
• provide advanced syncing capabilities such as negentropy, which allows us to only query stuff we don't have
• be as portable as possible. nostrdb is a C library that you can embed into basically anything.
• full relay filter support
• full text search

Benefits

• full note verification
• more efficient de-duplication before we begin processing events off the wire
• set-reconciliation based syncing (negentropy) drastically reduces bandwidth usage and latency
• iteration on future nostr apps will be quicker (android, desktop, etc)
• features like ghost mode, account switching, etc will be much more efficient as you will be able to quickly switch between notes that are cached locally
• much smaller memory footprint due to optimized in-memory note format, which in turn improves cpu-cache efficiency
• much better profile and note searching

So that's what I've been working on in the past two weeks. On to what else is new in this release:

Multi reactions!

Suhail did an amazing job at adding multiple reaction support. All you need to do is long-press the Shaka button to show different options. You can customize these in settings as well

New onboarding features

Damus will now suggest people to follow when you first enter the app, this is the first of many onboarding improvements coming soon. Thank Klabo for this one!

That's all for now! Please test thoroughly and let me know if you run into any issues. You likely will since the entire codebase has been changed, and I probably broke something.

Until next time 🫡

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

Company Overview:

Damus is the pioneering iOS nostr client. Through its platform, Damus empowers billions on iOS with the tools for free speech and free speech money. If you're driven to bring freedom technology to the masses and ignite change, we invite you to join our mission.

Job Description

1. Collaborate on iOS Damus in tandem with our core developer, Will Casarin, and the broader Damus team.
2. Implement our vision as laid out in our product roadmap: https://github.com/orgs/damus-io/projects/3/views/1.
3. Embrace the fun and critical mission of undermining totalitarian regimes across the globe.

Job Requirements

1. A genuine passion for freedom technology.
2. At least one year of collaborative development experience.
3. Experience building SwiftUI iOS apps.
4. Passionate about design and user experience.
5. Eager to work in close coordination with Damus lead developer, Will, and a dedicated team spanning development, design, and product.
6. Commitment to a full-time role, although we remain open to discussing alternative arrangements.

Bonus Qualifications

1. Experience with Nostr development.
2. Experience with C.
3. Previous work in free and open source projects.
4. A publicly shareable portfolio.

Job Structure

1. A one-month paid probationary period to ensure a mutual fit.
2. Upon successful completion of the trial, the opportunity for a six (6) month contractual engagement.
3. The potential for contract renewal, contingent on funding.

Application Process:
Interested candidates should forward a motivational statement alongside their CV/portfolio to vanessa@damus.io.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Um Kit infantil de ciências trazia em seu arsenal um conjunto com quatro tipos de minério de urânio, eletroscópio, contador Geiger, manual, livro em quadrinhos sobre como dividir o átomo e instruções do governo sobre Prospecção de urânio.

Existiu uma época onde a ciência entendia a radiação com um produto sem restrições e isso ajudou a popularizar todo tipo de produto radioativo. Inseridos na água e em produtos de beleza, ou ainda, em terapias alternativas.

Em 1950 o entusiasmo pela radiação chegou na forma de um kit educacional que tinha como objetivo estimular nos jovens o gosto pela ciência. Denominado de “Gilbert U-238 Atomic Energy Lab” o kit era oferecido com os minérios beta-alfa (Pb-210), beta puro (Ru-106), gama (Zn-65) e o alfa (Po-210).

O kit não oferecia riscos se manuseado corretamente e o manual de instruções alertava para este fato dando destaque para a frase “Não coloque PO-210 na boca”. O kit educacional foi comercializado entre 1950 e 1951 não sendo produzido posteriormente.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

O Journal of Neuroscience descreve a descoberta de uma molécula que é central para o processo pelo qual as memórias são armazenadas no cérebro.

O cérebro é composto por neurônios que se comunicam entre si através de estruturas chamadas sinapses, que podem variar em força. Uma sinapse forte tem um grande efeito sobre a sua célula-alvo enquanto uma sinapse fraca tem pouco efeito.

Segundo o professor John Lisman, a pesquisa se baseia em estudos anteriores que mostram que as mudanças na força dessas sinapses são fundamentais no processo de aprendizagem e memória.

"É agora claro que a memória não é codificada pela mudança no número de células no cérebro, mas sim por mudanças na força de sinapses", diz Lisman. "Você pode realmente ver agora que, quando a aprendizagem ocorre, algumas sinapses se tornam mais fortes e outras se tornam mais fracas."

Os estudos avançaram ao ponto de ser possível apagar a memória através do uso de um produto químico conhecido como NC-19. Sinalizando a possibilidade de manipulação da memória em nível bioquímico.

Lisman afirma que ao entender a memória no nível bioquímico o impacto poderá ser enorme, "Você tem que entender como funciona a memória antes que você possa entender as doenças da memória."

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

I’m so lazy I’m thinking of running the damus merch store via stateless and serverless lightning payment links. All data is collected and stored in the lightning invoice descriptions which are fetched from your node. You can do this without having to run any server code except a lightning node!

This is the same tech we used when selling merch as at bitcoin Miami. It was extremely reliable. I love these things, they are so easy. Integrating with the legacy fiat system is such a pita, It may just be a lightning-only store for now because of how simple this is. Here's what a lightning payment link looks like:

http://lnlink.org/?d=ASED88EIzNU2uFJoQfClxYISu55lhKHrSTCA58HMNPgtrXECMjQuODQuMTUyLjE4Nzo4MzI0AANgB6Cj2QCeZAFOZ1nS6qGuRe4Vf6qzwJyQ5Qo3b0HRt_w9MTIwJm1ldGhvZD1pbnZvaWNlfG1ldGhvZD13YWl0aW52b2ljZSZwbmFtZWxhYmVsXmxubGluay0mcmF0ZT04BERlYXRoIFN0YXIABQAAAGQGQW4gb2JqZWN0IG9mIHVuZmF0aG9tYWJsZSBwb3dlcgAHEwhodHRwczovL3VwbG9hZC53aWtpbWVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2lwZWRpYS9lbi9mL2Y5L0RlYXRoX3N0YXIxLnBuZwA=

How it works

The entire product page is stored as data in the url. When a customer click the link, the product info is decoded and rendered as a webpage. The data in the url includes

• The product name
• Description
• Price in sats
• Product image url
• Fields to collect data from the user
• Lightning node address
• Lightning node rune for fetching and waiting for invoice payments

This works thanks to a javascript library I created called "lnsocket". It allows you to connect to your CLN node over websockets. Once the user fills out all of the info, a new lightning invoice is fetched with this information in the description, by connecting directly to your node. This connection is end-to-end encrypted thanks to the lightning protocol itself.

To your lightning node, it looks like another lightning node is connecting to it, but in reality it's just a dumb client asking for things.

At this point, custom lightning packets called "commando" packets are sent to your node which asks your node to run certain commands. CLN authenticates these packets using the rune and then returns a response. This is pretty much the same as calling these commands directly on your lightning node, except now someone is doing it from a browser in a secure way!

Why not just run btcpayserver?

btcpayserver is cool and is more powerful, but I like exploring simpler ways to do things that don't require running lots of software which can be challenging for many non-technical people. You shouldn't have to become a server administrator to start accepting payments. It should be as simple as running a bitcoin and lightning node, pushing all of the application logic to the clients.

This is a similar philosophy to what we have in the nostr space. Let's make it easier for people to use self-sovereign tools. Everyone deserves freedom tech.

Anyways, I'm still working on https://lnlink.org. I just added images and nostr address support! You can make your own payment links here! Try it out:

http://lnlink.org/?d=ASED88EIzNU2uFJoQfClxYISu55lhKHrSTCA58HMNPgtrXECMjQuODQuMTUyLjE4Nzo4MzI0AANgB6Cj2QCeZAFOZ1nS6qGuRe4Vf6qzwJyQ5Qo3b0HRt_w9MTIwJm1ldGhvZD1pbnZvaWNlfG1ldGhvZD13YWl0aW52b2ljZSZwbmFtZWxhYmVsXmxubGluay0mcmF0ZT04BERlYXRoIFN0YXIABQAAAGQGQW4gb2JqZWN0IG9mIHVuZmF0aG9tYWJsZSBwb3dlcgAHEwhodHRwczovL3VwbG9hZC53aWtpbWVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2lwZWRpYS9lbi9mL2Y5L0RlYXRoX3N0YXIxLnBuZwA=&edit=1

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

ผมมองออกไปไกลๆ ยังนอกหน้าต่าง...

หลังจากรายการ #สภายาส้ม ตอนที่ 14 พึ่งจบลงไป มันชวนให้ผมอยากร่วมวงสนทนาในหัวข้อ #ExitTheMatrix หรือ #EscapeTheMatrix อะไรนั่นเหลือเกิน.. พยายามคิดว่าผมจะมีเรื่องอะไรมาเล่าได้บ้างนะ..

ไม่.. ผมไม่อยากได้แก้วรางวัลของเทนโด้ มันควรเป็นเพื่อนๆ คนอื่นๆ ในคอมมูนิตี้ #Siamstr ของเราที่ได้ไปครอง แต่ผมเห็นคุณค่าของกิจกรรมนี้อย่างลึกซึ้ง ผมอยากเห็นหลายคนลุกขึ้นมาถ่ายทอดเรื่องราวของตัวเอง.. นั่นก็รวมถึงตัวผมเองด้วย

นั่นสินะ.. เราไม่เคยเล่าเรื่องของเราให้ใครฟังมาก่อนเลย

เรามีเรื่องอะไรน่าสนใจอย่างงั้นเหรอ? Matrix ของเราจะมีหน้าตาคล้ายคลึงกับ Matrix ของคนอื่นๆ หรือเปล่านะ?

ผมพยายามตีความคำๆ นี้ในแบบของตัวเอง จนพบว่า "Matrix" ในแบบของผม มันคือ "บางอย่างที่อยู่ในหัว" ของผมนี่เอง มันไม่ใช่สิ่งของ วัตถุ คำสั่ง หรือสังคมอะไรทั้งนั้น สำหรับผมมันคือ "ชุดความคิด" ที่ทำให้เรามองโลกใบนี้ในแบบที่ต่างออกไป

ทำไมผมคิดแบบนั้นน่ะเหรอ?

ก็เพราะเมื่อตอนที่เรายังอยู่ท่ามกลาง Matrix และตอนที่เราได้พบว่าตัวเองหลุดออกจากมันมาแล้ว แท้จริงแล้วเรายังคงยืนอยู่บนโลกใบเดิม สังคมเดิมๆ ผู้คนรอบกายหน้าเดิมๆ วัตถุสิ่งของรอบตัวล้วนเหมือนเดิมทุกประการ แต่มันเป็น มุมมอง-ความคิด ของเราต่างหากที่เปลี่ยนไป..

ผมเคยคิดว่าตัวเองหลุดออกมาจาก "Matrix" ได้เมื่อ 10 กว่าปีก่อน

เมื่อครั้งที่ผมกำลังลุ่มหลงกับการลงทุนใน Traditional Investment ผมกลายเป็นนักวิเคราะห์ธุรกิจมือฉกาจ เป็นนักวางแผนคาดการณ์ที่หาตัวจับยากในยุคนั้น (ในแวดวงของตัวเอง) ผมมีโอกาสได้สอนคนดังๆ คนรวยๆ ในเรื่อง "การลงทุนหุ้น", เป็นที่ปรึกษาการลงทุนในโครงการอสังหาริมทรัพย์ขนาดใหญ่, การจัดตั้งและบริหารบริษัทต่างๆ ฯลฯ สารพัดเต็มไปหมด

ผมพบว่าตัวเองมีตำราแทบทุกเล่มเกี่ยวกับศาสตร์ในด้านนี้ ผมอ่านเยอะ แตกฉาน และพยายามเผื่อแผ่ ..ซึ่งมันน่าอนาถยิ่งนัก

ถ้าเราเรียกอาการของคนที่กำลังหลงอยู่ในโพรงกระต่ายบิตคอยน์ว่า "Down the Rabbit hole" ตัวผมเองในตอนนั้นก็คงจะเรียกได้ว่า "Deep-down the Fucking (Hell) hole" เลยกระมัง..

ณ ขณะที่เรากำลังคิดว่า "เราเจ๋ง" เหลือเกินนั้น เราไม่เคยรู้ตัวเลยสักนิดว่าเรากำลังดำดิ่งลงไปใน "โพรงแห่งกับดักนรกของโลก Fiat" เรากำลังฆ่าตัวเองอย่างช้าๆ และกำลังผ่องถ่ายพลังงานของเราเพื่อนำไปหล่อเลี้ยงระบบสามานย์นี้ทีละเล็กทีนะน้อย เราที่คิดว่าตัวเองเก่งเสียเต็มประดา กำลังถูกหัวเราะเย้ยหยันจากใครสักคนในมุมมืด

เรามันก็แค่ "หนูตัวใหญ่" ในระบบที่ถูกออกแบบเอาไว้ให้ทุกคนต้องกลายเป็น "เหาในขวดโหล" เพียงเท่านั้น

ความขยะแขยงในภาพอดีตของตัวเอง ทำให้ผมไม่เคยเปิดเผยเรื่องนี้กับใครเลย แม้กับน้องๆ ในทีม Right Shift ก็คงได้ฟังแค่เพียงผ่านๆ ไปคร่าวๆ เท่านั้น ผมเลือกจะลืมเรื่องพวกนี้ให้สิ้น ลบมันออกจากอดีต และทำราวกับว่า.. ผมคือคนที่ไม่ได้เชี่ยวชาญอะไรในเรื่องพรรค์นี้สักเท่าไหร่..

มันไม่ง่ายที่จะทำแบบนั้น เพราะตัวเราเองก็รู้อยู่เสมอว่าเราเคยผ่านประสบการณ์อะไรมา

ผมเคย "เกลียดงานประจำ" อย่างเข้าไส้ในตอนนั้น ผมแช่งและชังระบบราชการที่ตัวผมเองก็ฝังหนอกอยู่กับมัน ผมมักวิจารณ์ทุกเรื่องรอบๆ ตัว อะไรก็ตามที่ไม่ค่อยเข้าตา ผมไม่เคยรู้สึกว่าระบบราชการจะพัฒนาไปได้ไกลกว่าที่เป็นอยู่

ผมเกลียดชังเพื่อนร่วมงานเกือบจะทุกคน ทั้งที่พวกเขาก็ไม่ได้ประพฤติอะไรต่างไปจากตัวผมนัก ผมเองก็ไม่ได้มีอะไรดีไปกว่าพวกเขา เพราะผมได้ก็เอาเงินจากอนาคตมาใช้จ่ายอย่างสุรุ่ยสุร่าย สนองความต้องการต่างๆ นานาของตัวเองจนสาแก่ใจเหมือนพวกเขาเช่นกัน.. เราพยายามจะเกลียดทุกๆ อย่างรอบๆ ตัวเรา.. เราไม่เคยคิดว่าโลกนี้จะมีอะไรดีเลย

แต่สิ่งเดียวที่เราไม่เคยอยากเกลียด คือ ตัวเราเอง และนั่นแหละคือ "The Matrix" ที่แม่งเหี้ยมโหดและทารุณอย่างที่สุด

เพราะสิ่งเหล่านี้มันทำให้เราต้อง "จมอยู่กับความทุกข์" อย่างแสนสาหัส ทุกข์ที่ไม่ได้มีใครก่อขึ้นมาเลย ก็นอกเสียจากตัวเราเอง

เรานี่เอง คือ ต้นตอของปัญหาทั้งหมดทั้งมวล ที่กำลังรุมสกรัมชีวิตของเราเองอย่างบ้าคลั่ง

เราขยันเติม "พลังลบๆ" เข้ามาในชีวิตแต่ละวัน เราเติมมันด้วยตัวเราเอง และมันถาโถมทำลายจิตใจด้านบวก กัดกร่อนความสุขในการมองโลกของเราลงในทุกเมื่อเชื่อวัน

เรานี่เอง คือ คนที่วาดภาพของโลกอันเสื่อมทรามขึ้นมาในจินตนาการของตัวเอง

เกือบ 10 ปี ที่ชีวิตผมต้องจมอยู่ใน "The Matrix in mind"

ผมเริ่มรู้สึกอ่อนล้า.. ผมผละออกมาจากตลาดหุ้น หนีความวุ่นวายของผู้คน และเริ่มเฟดตัวเองออกจากคนรอบตัว ผมเริ่มหันมาคุยกับตัวเองมากขึ้น นั่งอยู่คนเดียวในแต่ละวัน และไม่พยายามยินดียินร้ายไปกับใคร ผมมีเพื่อนลดลงไปเรื่อยๆ จนกระทั่งผมพบว่าผมเหลือเพียงตัวคนเดียว..

ฟังดูราวกับว่า.. การเหลือตัวคนเดียว ไม่น่าจะใช่ทางออกที่ดี

แต่สำหรับผมมันช่างดีเหลือเกิน พลังลบๆ รอบตัวมันเริ่มลดน้อยถอยลงจนในที่สุดมันก็หายไป ผมพบว่า "มันเป็นตัวเรา" นี่เอง ที่พยายามเอาตัวเองไปผูกไว้กับเรื่องของคนอื่น เราเอาตัวเองไปผูกโยงกับทุกเรื่องจนเกินความจำเป็น ทั้งที่เมื่อทำไปแล้วมันก็ไม่เคยจะให้พลังบวกหรือให้ประโยชน์อะไรกับตัวเองสักเท่าไหร่..

ผมได้ "เวลาชีวิต" กลับคืนมามากโข ได้เวลาว่างๆ กลับมาในแบบที่ไม่เคยเป็นมาก่อน มันทำให้ผมมองหาสิ่งใหม่ๆ "หลุมกระต่าย" ใหม่ๆ เพื่อพาตัวเองกลับไปหาพลังบวกอีกสักครั้ง..

ผมพบว่าการเลิกบ่นให้กับเรื่องรอบๆ ตัว แล้วพยายามอยู่กับมันให้ได้อย่างคนที่เข้าใจความเป็นไป มันช่วยให้ผม "หัวโล่ง" และมีเวลาไปหาความสุขใส่ตัวในเรื่องอื่นๆ ได้มากขึ้นเยอะเลย

จนกระทั่งผมได้หลงจับพลัดจับผลูเข้าไปในเกมมือถือที่มีชื่อว่า "EVE ECHOES" เกมดังที่พอร์ทมาจากสุดยอดเกมไซไฟอมตะอย่าง "EVE Online" ที่แห่งนี้เอง คือ จุดเปลี่ยนของชีวิตผมอย่างแท้จริง

ประตูบานแรกที่ได้พาผมออกจาก "The Matrix"

มันฟังดูแปลกๆ ที่เกมอย่าง EVE ECHO คือสิ่งที่ให้มุมมองใหม่ ๆ กับผมอย่างมหาศาล

ในวันเริ่มต้น.. ผมพบว่าตัวเองเป็นเพียงนักบินอวกาศตัวเล็กๆ เป็นฝุ่นจางๆ ในจักรวาลอันกว้างใหญ่ของตัวเกม แต่ในวันสุดท้ายที่ผมจากเกมนี้มา ผมได้พาตัวเองไปอยู่บนจุดสูงสุดของจักรวาลเกม สูงที่สุดเท่าที่เกมเมอร์ไทยสักคน (ในเกมตอนนั้น) จะทำได้.. ผมถูกทาบทามให้เป็น Director ของ Corporation ที่ยิ่งใหญ่ที่สุดในเซิฟเวอร์เกม ณ จุดนั้นเองที่ทำให้ผมได้ตระหนักว่าผมเป็นใคร และผมควรพาตัวเองไปทำอะไรต่อจากนี้

แต่นี่ไม่ใช่เรื่องที่ผมจะนำมาเล่าอวดอ้าง มันมีบางอย่างที่ได้กลายมาเป็นไอเดียตั้งต้นของคอมมูนิตี้บิตคอยน์ของเราที่แฝงมากับประสบการณ์เกมของผมในตอนนั้น..

อย่างแรกเลยคือ..

ผมได้ค้นพบในพลังของแพลตฟอร์มอย่าง "Discord" ผมได้อยู่ร่วมกับชาวต่างชาติหลาย Corporation ที่ Role play การเล่น และสร้างคอมมูนิตี้ของพวกเขาขึ้นมาโดยรีดเค้นเอาศักยภาพของ Discord ออกมาได้อย่างเต็มเม็ดเต็มหน่วยแบบสุดๆ

พวกเราลองนึกถึงการวางแผนและการจัดการกองทัพอวกาศในสงครามที่มีหลายฝั่งเข้าห้ำหั่นกันออนไลน์ และแต่ละฝั่งก็มีคนเข้าร่วมมากเป็นหลักพันคนดูสิครับ การจัดการกลยุทธ์การรบแบบเรียลไทม์เพื่อให้ทัพของตัวเองมีประสิทธิภาพมากที่สุดแทบจะเป็นไปไม่ได้เลย และ Discord ได้เข้ามาทำให้ผมได้เห็นทางออกในเรื่องนี้ และผมก็นำเอา Discord มาใช้จนถึงปัจจุบัน

อย่างที่สอง...

ความหมกมุ่นและเอาจริงเอาจังของเกมเมอร์ชาวต่างชาติ มันทำให้ผมได้สติว่า ผมที่เคยคิดว่าตัวเองเก่งกาจในอดีตช่างเทียบอะไรไม่ได้เลยกับความลุ่มหลงในบางสิ่งบางอย่างแบบที่พวกเกมเมอร์ชาวต่างชาติเขามีกัน ผมได้เรียนรู้หลักการกระจายอำนาจมาอย่างไม่รู้ตัว (ก่อนจะรู้จักลงลึกกับบิตคอยน์เสียอีก) ผมได้เห็นวิธีการ "เชื่อใจ" และทำงานกันเป็นทีม ความมุ่งมั่นและความรับผิดชอบที่เห็นแล้วก็รู้สึกอายตัวเองเหลือเกิน ผมเห็นถึงวิธีการสร้างชุมชนให้เข้มแข็งและเติบโตได้อย่างยั่งยืน

นี่มันแค่เกมเองนะ!! มันทำให้ผมอินและมองเห็นอะไรได้ขนาดนั้นเลยเหรอ?

ใช่ครับ.. มันเป็นไปแล้ว พฤติกรรมมุ่งสู่ความสำเร็จในภาพใหญ่ และยืนอยู่บนกลยุทธ์ที่นำไปสู่ความยั่งยืนของคนเหล่านี้ ได้สอนให้ผมเข้าใจว่าตัวเราเล็กเกินกว่าจะคิดว่าเราใหญ่ เราไม่สามารถทำงานใหญ่ได้ด้วยตัวคนเดียว และชีวิตมันมีอะไรให้เราได้ค้นหาอีกมากมายเกินกว่าที่เราจะเคยจินตนาการกันได้

พวกเขาแทบไม่มีใครทำเพื่อตัวเอง พวกเขาวางแผนการทุกอย่างกันจริงจังเพื่อไปสู่จุดมุ่งหมายเดียวกันของส่วนร่วม พวกเขาไม่เคยหยุดพยายาม และไม่เคยย่อท้อต่ออุปสรรคขวากหนามตามรายทาง ..มันสุดยอดจริงๆ ผมก็ไม่เคยคิดมาก่อนเหมือนกันว่าชีวิตจะได้เจอกับอะไรแบบนี้

และนั่นคือหลักการแนวคิดที่เริ่มติดตัวผมมาจนกระทั่งถึงทุกวันนี้ เป็นที่มาของวิธีการทำงานบนความสุขเต็มเปี่ยมแบบทีม Right Shift และเป็นส่วนหนึ่งในแนวทางการผลักดันคอมมูนิตี้บิตคอยน์ในแบบที่พวกเราได้เห็นกัน ลากยาวมาจนถึง Nostr ในตอนนี้

อย่างที่สาม..

ผมได้เจอกับ "ผู้ที่ป้ายยาส้มผมคนแรก" ในเกม EVE ECHOES นั่นคือ พี่เป็ด (ped66@rightshift.tp) บิตคอยเนอร์รุ่น OG (ปัจจุบันคือพี่ใหญ่ที่อยู่เบื้องหลังของทีมงาน Right Shift) พี่เป็ด คือคนที่ค่อยๆ สอนสอดแทรกหลักสัจธรรมเข้ามาในหัวผมเป็นระยะๆ จนกระทั่งเมื่อเขารู้สึกว่าผมพร้อม พี่เป็ดก็เริ่มปฏิบัติการป้ายยาส้มผมมาทีละนิดๆ

แม้ต้องใช้เวลานานถึง 2-3 ปี กว่าจะ Orange pill ผมได้สำเร็จ กว่าที่ผมซึ่งเต็มไปด้วยแนวคิดเฟียตๆ ในตอนนั้นจะตื่นรู้ แต่ก็นับว่าเป็นความทรงจำล้ำค่าที่ผมคงไม่มีวันลืมไปทั้งชีวิต

The Matrix exit door ถูกเปิดออกนับแต่นาทีนั้น.. นั่นคือจุดเริ่มต้นเรื่องราวของ Jakk Goodday

Exit เมื่อสายไป?

การก้าวออกจาก Matrix ในวัยเกือบๆ 37 (ในตอนนั้น) ผมเองก็เคยต้องกลับมาตั้งคำถามกับตัวเองบ่อยๆ อยู่เหมือนกัน - เรารู้จักเรื่องนี้ช้าไปหรือเปล่า? - เรา Exit ช้าไปไหม? - มันจะดีกว่านี้ไหมถ้าเราได้ออกมาจากระบบความคิดเน่าๆ ได้ไวกว่านี้?

อย่ากระนั้นเลย..

ผมพบว่ามันป่วยกาล ที่เราจะมานั่งหาคำตอบเพื่อแก้ไขอดีตที่เราไม่เคยพึงพอใจ อดีตมันมีคุณค่ากับเราเสมอไม่ว่ามันจะดีหรือร้าย อดีตช่วยสร้างและหลอมเราให้เราได้กลายเป็นตัวเราในวันนี้ อดีตที่เลวร้ายทำให้เรามองเห็นอนาคตที่เราจะไม่มีวันยอมให้ตัวเองเป็นเช่นนั้นอีก อดีตอันสดใสจะคอยตอกย้ำให้เราระมัดระวังในการใช้ชีวิต เตือนสติให้เราไม่ลุ่มหลง ระเริงไปกับความสำเร็จจนหยุดพัฒนาตัวเองหรือเรียนรู้

สิ่งใดเกิดขึ้นแล้ว สิ่งนั้นงดงามเสมอ

หลักการและแนวคิดในทุกแง่มุมที่อยู่เบื้องหลังการทำงานของบิตคอยน์ มันช่วยให้ผมค้นพบหนทางแห่งการดับทุกข์บนโลกเฟียต มันพาให้ผมออกมาจาก The Matrix ได้เพียงแค่เปลี่ยนความคิดและพฤติการณ์ของตัวเองเท่านั้น

ทุกอย่างรอบกายยังคงเหมือนเดิม..

มันคือสิ่งที่ครั้งหนึ่งเราเคยเรียกมันว่า "The Matrix" มันไม่มีอะไรที่ต่างออกไปจากที่เคยเป็น.. ทุกสิ่งบนโลกยังคงหมุนรอบตัวเราอยู่เสมอ.. สิ่งเดียวที่ทำให้เรารู้สึกว่าเราหลุดออกมาจากมันได้แล้ว ก็คือ "ชุดความคิด" และ "มุมมอง" ของเราที่เริ่มเปลี่ยนไป..

แค่เปลี่ยนความคิด โลกก็เปลี่ยน..

บิตคอยน์ได้มอบอะไรให้ผมมากกว่าแค่เรื่อง "Wealth"

ถ้าคุณได้รู้จักหรือใกล้ชิดกับผมมากกว่านี้ คุณคงจะพอเข้าใจได้ว่าทำไมผมจึงแทบไม่พูดถึงการลงทุน วิธีหรือแนวทางการลงทุน แม้กระทั่งราคา หรือเทคโนโลยีของตัวบิตคอยน์เลย

เพราะสิ่งเหล่านั้นจะมีความหมายอะไรเล่า.. ถ้าวิธีคิดของเรายังไม่เคยหลุดพ้นจาก Matrix และ เรายังคงถูกครอบงำอย่างเบ็ดเสร็จโดยระบบเฟียต

วันนี้ผมกลายเป็นคนที่ทำตัวติดดินจนหญ้ามาเลย์ยังต้องอาย

• ผมพูดน้อยกับคนรอบตัวในเรื่องไร้สาระ (ที่ผมคิดว่ามันไม่เกิดประโยชน์กับใคร) แต่พูดมากเฉพาะในสิ่งที่จะเป็นประโยชน์ต่อคนอื่น
• ผมชวนให้ทุกคนนึกคนรุ่นหลังมากกว่าตัวเอง ชวนให้ทุกคนสร้าง Legacy บางอย่างทางความคิดเพื่อส่งต่อให้พวกเขามีชีวิตในสังคมที่ดีกว่า
• ผมปัดตกทุกความคิดที่มุ่งสู่ผลกำไรโดยไม่ได้มอบคุณค่าอะไรให้กับผู้จ่ายเลย ทุกความคิดที่ทำเพื่อประโยชน์ส่วนตนไม่ใช่สิ่งที่ผมเทิดทูน
• ผมเก็บตำราเก่าๆ ทุกเล่มที่เคยอ่านเข้ากรุไป ต่อหนูเยี่ยวใส่ผมก็ไม่แคร์ ผมกด Delete ทุกความเชื่อที่เคยมีออกจากไขสมอง ถ้าจะมีบ้างที่ผมหยิบเอาหนังสือพวกนั้นออกมา ก็คงเพราะเอามาวางเป็น Prop ในการ LIVE เพียงเท่านั้น
• ผมไม่เคยทำเก่งอีกเลย ถ้าจะต้องทำตัวให้โง่ผมก็ยอมทำ และคอยย้ำเตือนตัวเองเสมอว่าเราก็แค่เพียงคนธรรมดาที่ไม่ได้มีความวิเศษวิโสไปกว่าใคร ผมพยายามทำตัวเองให้เล็กที่สุดเพื่อให้ทำการณ์ใหญ่ได้สำเร็จ
• ผมหยุดหลอกตัวเองว่าเรากำลังมีความสุข ถ้าผมไม่ได้กำลังทำในสิ่งที่จะช่วยให้ผมมีความสุขกับมันได้จริงๆ ผมถามตัวเองทุกครั้งเมื่อต้องลงมือทำบางอย่าง ว่าสิ่งนั้นจะมอบพลังบวกหรือให้พลังลบเข้ามาบั่นทอนเรา
• ผมบอกตัวเองว่าชีวิตมันก็คงหนีไม่พ้นการต้องกด Restart อยู่บ่อยๆ การทำสิ่งใดเพื่ออนาคตที่ดีกว่านั้นไม่เคยสาย มันจะสายก็ต่อเมื่อเราพึ่งคิดได้ในห้วงลมหายใจสุดท้ายของชีวิต..
• ฯลฯ

ผมได้ฉายาจากน้องๆ ในทีมว่า Jakk 8-hour ก็เพราะผมเป็นคนประเภทที่พ่นออกมาได้เรื่อยๆ หาที่ลงไม่เคยได้ และตอนนี้ผมก็เริ่มได้สติแล้วว่า บทความนี้ชักจะยาวเกินไปแล้ว ผมคงต้องขมวดและปิดท้ายมันได้สักที...

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คุณแค่หลับตาลง แล้วนึกถึงความย่ำแย่ของตัวเองในอดีต หาให้เจอว่าอะไรทำให้คุณรู้สึกเป็นทุกข์ เมื่อคุณค้นพบสาเหตุ คุณจะเริ่มบอกตัวเองว่าคุณจะจัดการกับมันอย่างไร เมื่อเข้าใจแล้วจงลืมตาขึ้นมา..

สิ่งที่คุณมองเห็นนับจากนี้จะไม่ใช่ The Matrix อีกต่อไป

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อย่าลืมเขียนเรื่องราว #ExitTheMatrix #EscapeTheMatrix ของคุณออกมาแบ่งปันให้เพื่อนๆ ได้รับรู้ บอกพวกเราว่า Bitcoin ช่วยให้คุณหลุดพ้นได้ยังไง..

เทนโด้รอจะแจกแก้วให้คุณอยู่นะครับ (สวยอะ)

@ 23202132:eab3af30

O ensaio é um caminho pautado na percepção da experiência. Trata-se da implicação de uma dada subjetividade na relação com a vida, “não se trata de medir o que há, mas medir-se com o que há, de experimentar seus limites, de inventar suas possibilidades” (LARROSA, 2004, p. 37). Nesse sentido, o ensaio propõe um tipo de “rebeldia” em relação ao saber finalizado, definitivo, adquirido com instrumentos que apontam categoricamente para verdades que estão para além da experiência. Sob esse aspecto “a verdade do ensaísta não é algo exterior, mas algo que a própria vida faz” (LARROSA, 2004, p. 37).

Adorno (2003) esclarece que o ensaio não é uma forma de expressão totalmente livre, desprovido de lógica ou rigor do pensamento, segundo o autor:

O ensaio não se encontra em uma simples oposição ao pensamento discursivo. Ele não é desprovido de lógica [...]. Só que o ensaio desenvolve os pensamentos de um modo diferente da lógica discursiva [...]. O ensaio coordena os elementos em vez de subordiná-los (ADORNO, 2003, p. 43). Na percepção de Machado (2008) o ensaio enquanto forma de investigação especulativa, rigorosa e racional, se encontra no terreno da abdução, onde é possível sugerir, no rigor do pensamento, que alguma coisa pode ser. Assim defende a autora:

Se o contexto da investigação apresenta á própria descoberta por meio de um conjunto de interpretações, de probabilidades, de perguntas, de respostas desencadeadoras de novas perguntas, encontraremos no ensaio a forma aberta à expressão abdutiva de toda descoberta, capaz de acolher os pontos de vista e redirecionar posicionamentos (MACHADO, 2008, p. 64). Seguindo em uma direção parecida, Adorno (2003) entende o ensaio como um tipo de superação sistêmica, onde é desejável uma lógica capaz de “[...] conferir à linguagem falada algo que ela perdeu sob o domínio da lógica discursiva, uma lógica que, entretanto, não pode simplesmente ser posta de lado, mas sim deve ser superada em astúcia no interior de suas próprias formas” (p. 43). Larrosa (2004) ao propor como Foucault aborda a questão do ensaio, sinaliza que este é entendido como forma de expressão que se constitui:

[...] considerando a questão do presente (o ensaio como um pensamento no presente e para o presente); a questão da autoria (o ensaio como um pensamento na primeira pessoa); a questão da crítica (o ensaio como um pensamento que parte de um distanciamento crítico) e a questão da escrita (o ensaio como um pensamento consciente da sua própria condição de escrita) (LARROSA, 2004, p. 27). Tanto Larrosa (2004), Adorno (2003), Machado (2008) e Foucalt (1998), cada um ao seu modo, sugerem que o ensaio se trata duma forma dinâmica de organização do pensamento, capaz de promover uma investigação coerente e rigorosa, tendo como ponto de partida a experiência vivida, permitindo sugerir que alguma coisa pode ser.

Para entender melhor sobre como escrever um ensaio científico acesse algumas dicas pelo https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1p7YC1mitY7QpBmtHm8Zq0LGwJ_LAb0cV?usp=sharing

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

Hey guys!

Another day, another TestFlight build. This fixes many mention bugs and includes bandwidth improvements.

During nostrica, jack told everyone to open their phones and say GM to fiatjaf. This actually brought down nostrica's wifi! Damus is really dumb when it first opens and makes many requests. Sometimes hundreds (nip05 validation, etc). This build fixes all those issues. Damus will no longer:

1. Make hundreds of nostr address validation requests.
2. Make tons of duplicate lnurl requests when validating zaps

nostr address validation only happens when you open someones profile now.

This build also fixes some annoying mention issues. If you forget a space when mentioning someone, it will automatically add it.

I've also removed the restriction where you were not allowed to login to "deleted" accounts. This was way too confusing for people, and logging into a deleted account will allow you to reset the profile information and get it going again. You're welcome NVK.

Another thing that was added in this build is support for _ usernames in nostr addresses. This will hide your full nostr address username when used. Damus will also hide your username if it matches your profile username. Damus always did this before but it was incorrect. Now it will show your full nostr address (nip05) with its proper username. You can stop bugging me about this now Semisol.

Last but not least there are some small tweaks to longform note padding. Nothing too crazy but it does make notes like this look less cramped.

Until next time!

Added

• Show nostr address username and support abbreviated _ usernames (William Casarin)
• Re-add nip05 badges to profiles (William Casarin)
• Add space when tagging users in posts if needed (William Casarin)
• Added padding under word count on longform account (William Casarin)

Fixed

• Don't spam lnurls when validating zaps (William Casarin)
• Eliminate nostr address validation bandwidth on startup (William Casarin)
• Allow user to login to deleted profile (William Casarin)
• Fix issue where typing cc@bob would produce brokenb ccnostr:bob mention (William Casarin)

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Desenvolvido com a técnica stop-motion e finalizado com a ajuda da computação gráfica, o filme retrata a relação de amizade entre uma menina australiana de 8 anos e um Nova-iorquino de 44.

A história apresenta temas fortes como suicídio, desemprego, obesidade e alcoolismo. Retrata de forma descontraída com algumas cenas melancólicas as dificuldades do dia a dia.

Alguns críticos não foram muito receptivos, o que não parece refletir a opinião da maioria dos espectadores. Eu gostei do estilo técnico, da história e forma como foi abordado o tema, me pareceu inteligente e criativo. Se você ainda não assistiu, vale dar uma conferida.

Basicamente a história gira em torno de dois personagens. Mary Dinkley que é uma menina de oito anos gordinha e solitária que não tem amigos e que vive no subúrbio de Melbourne, na Austrália. Max Horovitz é um personagem judeu de 44 anos que tem Síndrome de Asperger (um tipo de autismo) e vive sozinho na cidade de Nova York. Ignorada pelos familiares, Mary escreve uma carta para um endereço aleatório nos Estados Unidos com o intuito de matar a sua curiosidade sobre a origem dos bebês. Assim, alcançando dois continentes, ela conhece Max, que apesar da diferença de 20 anos em suas idades, acabam descobrindo paixões em comum e continuam se correspondendo por quase duas décadas.

A animação passa ao espectador uma impressão de ambiente depressivo, tanto no tom, como no visual, proporcionando maior dramaticidade ao conteúdo da narrativa.

O filme permite estimular o debate sobre diversos temas, entre eles, a atenção infantil e algumas perspectivas do âmbito das doenças mentais, entre outras questões.

É possível encontrar alguns recortes no https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=mary+e+max

@ 23202132:eab3af30

O pensamento sistêmico surge no século XX em contraposição ao pensamento mecanicista desenvolvido no século XVII tendo como seus principais representantes Descartes, Bacon e Newton.

O pensamento mecanicista também conhecido como cartesiano tem como técnica de atuação a divisão do todo em pequenas partes, neste sentido, cada parte isolada do seu contexto torna-se um objeto de estudo independente.

Na medicina cartesiana o médico preocupa-se apenas com a parte doente e ignora a complexidade subjetiva do paciente, na agricultura a perspectiva mecanicista direciona o agricultor para o cultivo de apenas um produto por área de plantio ignorando o ecossistema.

Na educação o pensamento mecanicista fomentou o surgimento de teorias comportamentalistas entre elas encontramos a proposta de Skinner.

Uma das características da teoria mecanicista consiste na postura de exploração e domínio da natureza, uma espécie de imposição do homem para com os eventos, em outras palavras, uma tentativa do homem de manipular conforme sua vontade todo e qualquer fenômeno.

Embora a teoria mecanicista seja eficiente para o mapeamento e domínio de certos eventos ela carece de eficiência e equilíbrio quando lidamos com sistemas complexos como efetuar uma previsão do tempo, entender o comportamento humano ou prever a reação diante de certo desequilíbrio como poluição, doenças, etc.

Em resumo, nas ocasiões onde o número de elementos envolvidos é relativamente grande e com isso complexo, a teoria cartesiana não consegue proporcionar um resultado satisfatório ou equilibrado.

No século XX com a evolução do conhecimento os estudiosos foram percebendo a fragilidade do pensamento mecanicista e aos poucos estão migrando sua postura, antes dominadora, agora assume tarefa integradora.

Quando o assunto é integração o pensamento mecanicista não atende ao objetivo e surge uma nova proposta conhecida como pensamento sistêmico.

É importante observar que não se trata de abandonar o pensamento mecanicista, este é eficiente para certas tarefas, no entanto, a complexidade atingida pelo homem proporcionou percepções que exigem novas técnicas.

É aqui que ocorrem diversos problemas, uma vez que, nossa sociedade em sua maioria ainda é formada pelo pensamento mecanicista e este determina a percepção de mundo da maioria dos alunos, pais e professores.

Integrar é somar e não dividir, esta afirmação pode parecer óbvia, mas ao olhar para as reações sociais veremos que ainda estamos dividindo em muitas ocasiões por influência da nossa herança mecanicista, somar é sistêmico, é integrar.

Basta pesquisar na internet para encontrar pessoas discutindo muitas vezes de forma ofensiva, sobre qual técnica é mais eficiente para este ou aquele evento.

A ideia de exclusão, em geral, está relacionada com o pensamento mecanicista, eleger uma técnica como a melhor e descartar ou inferiorizar as outras é pensar de forma determinística, dominadora, mecanicista.

Novas regras educacionais estão surgindo numa tentativa de fomentar o comportamento e o pensamento sistêmico, este é um dos motivos que elevam o conceito de inclusão ao topo das prioridades sociais em diversos países.

A teoria por trás do fenômeno da inclusão é a teoria sistêmica.

Uma forma sistêmica de raciocínio é considerar todos os aspectos envolvidos em um determinado evento, em outras palavras, pensar de forma sistêmica é contextualizar, incluir no contexto. Como é o caso da perspectiva antropológica onde o humano é entendido como sendo uma construção do seu meio social, esta antropologia histórico social coloca o humano no contexto das relações sociais.

Outra perspectiva que aponta para a teoria dos sistemas é a epistemologia genética de Piaget.

Um exemplo de pensamento sistêmico pode ser encontrado na mudança da percepção de doença proposta por Winnicott, onde a doença é incluída no contexto da vida como algo natural e o conceito de saudável é atribuído a toda pessoa que possui forças para enfrentar seus problemas.

Note que a doença anteriormente negada e excluída agora é incluída e pensada como parte do todo, do sistema.

O maior desafio na educação parece estar associado ao fato da complexidade social evoluir em uma taxa maior que a capacidade de adequação dos sistemas de ensino.

Esta relação entre complexidade social e educação parece promover grande confusão entre os educadores ofuscando a percepção de pais e professores.

Neste sentido, uma teoria que vai ao encontro do pensamento sistêmico foi desenvolvida pelo psicólogo Richard Dawkins e parece proporcionar um melhor esclarecimento sobre o funcionamento das influências no processo social, denominado de Meme ou ciência memética, esta teoria aponta para o desenvolvimento de ideias problemáticas que promovem um funcionamento equivocado da percepção, distorcendo valores e proporcionando a manipulação do comportamento humano – equívocos do raciocínio.

Educar para prática do raciocínio sistêmico parece ser uma atividade em crescimento onde o desafio consiste em adequar esta nova percepção de mundo aos conteúdos ministrados no cotidiano da sala de aula.

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

Hey guys, I just pushed a new Damus update TestFlight. This should drastically improve longform event rendering. Let me know if you find any bugs!

Full Changelog

Added

• New markdown renderer (William Casarin)
• Added feedback when user adds a relay that is already on the list (Daniel D'Aquino)

Changed

• Hide nsec when logging in (cr0bar)
• Remove nip05 on events (William Casarin)
• Rename NIP05 to "nostr address" (William Casarin)

Fixed

• Fixed issue where hashtags were leaking in DMs (William Casarin)
• Fix issue with emojis next to hashtags and urls (William Casarin)
• relay detail view is not immediately available after adding new relay (Bryan Montz)
• Fix nostr:nostr:... bugs (William Casarin)

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

You can use github PRs to submit code but it is not encouraged. Damus is a decentralized social media protocol and we prefer to use decentralized techniques during the code submission process.

[Email patches][git-send-email] to patches@damus.io are preferred, but we accept PRs on GitHub as well. Patches sent via email may include a bolt11 lightning invoice, choosing the price you think the patch is worth, and we will pay it once the patch is accepted and if I think the price isn't unreasonable. You can also send an any-amount invoice and I will pay what I think it's worth if you prefer not to choose. You can include the bolt11 in the commit body or email so that it can be paid once it is applied.

Recommended settings when submitting code via email:

$ git config sendemail.to "patches@damus.io" $ git config format.subjectPrefix "PATCH damus" $ git config format.signOff yes

You can subscribe to the [patches mailing list][patches-ml] to help review code.

Submitting patches

Most of this comes from the linux kernel guidelines for submitting patches, we follow many of the same guidelines. These are very important! If you want your code to be accepted, please read this carefully

Describe your problem. Whether your patch is a one-line bug fix or 5000 lines of a new feature, there must be an underlying problem that motivated you to do this work. Convince the reviewer that there is a problem worth fixing and that it makes sense for them to read past the first paragraph.

Once the problem is established, describe what you are actually doing about it in technical detail. It's important to describe the change in plain English for the reviewer to verify that the code is behaving as you intend it to.

The maintainer will thank you if you write your patch description in a form which can be easily pulled into Damus's source code tree.

Solve only one problem per patch. If your description starts to get long, that's a sign that you probably need to split up your patch. See the dedicated Separate your changes section because this is very important.

When you submit or resubmit a patch or patch series, include the complete patch description and justification for it (-v2,v3,vn... option on git-send-email). Don't just say that this is version N of the patch (series). Don't expect the reviewer to refer back to earlier patch versions or referenced URLs to find the patch description and put that into the patch. I.e., the patch (series) and its description should be self-contained. This benefits both the maintainers and reviewers. Some reviewers probably didn't even receive earlier versions of the patch.

Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz" instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed xyzzy to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase to change its behaviour.

If your patch fixes a bug, use the 'Closes:' tag with a URL referencing the report in the mailing list archives or a public bug tracker. For example:

Closes: https://github.com/damus-io/damus/issues/1234

Some bug trackers have the ability to close issues automatically when a commit with such a tag is applied. Some bots monitoring mailing lists can also track such tags and take certain actions. Private bug trackers and invalid URLs are forbidden.

If your patch fixes a bug in a specific commit, e.g. you found an issue using git bisect, please use the 'Fixes:' tag with the first 12 characters of the SHA-1 ID, and the one line summary. Do not split the tag across multiple lines, tags are exempt from the "wrap at 75 columns" rule in order to simplify parsing scripts. For example::

Fixes: 54a4f0239f2e ("Fix crash in navigation")

The following git config settings can be used to add a pretty format for outputting the above style in the git log or git show commands::

[core]
    abbrev = 12
[pretty]
    fixes = Fixes: %h (\"%s\")

An example call::

$ git log -1 --pretty=fixes 54a4f0239f2e
Fixes: 54a4f0239f2e ("Fix crash in navigation")

Separate your changes

Separate each logical change into a separate patch.

For example, if your changes include both bug fixes and performance enhancements for a particular feature, separate those changes into two or more patches. If your changes include an API update, and a new feature which uses that new API, separate those into two patches.

On the other hand, if you make a single change to numerous files, group those changes into a single patch. Thus a single logical change is contained within a single patch.

The point to remember is that each patch should make an easily understood change that can be verified by reviewers. Each patch should be justifiable on its own merits.

If one patch depends on another patch in order for a change to be complete, that is OK. Simply note "this patch depends on patch X" in your patch description.

When dividing your change into a series of patches, take special care to ensure that the Damus builds and runs properly after each patch in the series. Developers using git bisect to track down a problem can end up splitting your patch series at any point; they will not thank you if you introduce bugs in the middle.

If you cannot condense your patch set into a smaller set of patches, then only post say 15 or so at a time and wait for review and integration.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

No artigo, os autores Kaplan e Kiron (2007) apresentaram uma perspectiva sobre um dos maiores escândalos financeiros dos EUA. Os autores esclarecem o contexto administrativo que favoreceu o surgimento de uma cultura corporativa corrompida por interesses pessoais. Sem uma real preocupação com os investidores ou com a própria instituição.

Sob este aspecto é possível observar que a WorldCom focou, naquele momento, em aquisições sem uma maior preocupação quanto à integração, permitindo um modelo administrativo pouco colaborativo e sem memória, na medida em que não havia política escrita para formação de uma identidade corporativa.

Com um departamento de auditoria fraco, aparentemente sem autonomia e um modelo administrativo centrado no autoritarismo, com premiações por lealdade, criou-se um ambiente fomentador de interesses individuais, enfraquecendo a possibilidade de uma conduta institucionalizada, focada na empresa.

Uma tendência com a perda do direcionamento institucional, sacrificando a organização e seus investidores, deixando a empresa sem rumo definido e exposta aos interesses individuais, é justamente a possibilidade do surgimento de fraudes. Este parece ter sido o caso da WorldCom, se concordarmos que, até mesmo uma auditoria externa aceitou pactuar com as fraudes quando decidiu emitir um parecer favorável enquanto os indicadores apontavam em sentido contrário.

O auditor externo Arthur Andersen foi omisso aos indicadores de irregularidades, se tornando um exemplo sobre que tipo de comportamento deve ser evitado e ajudou a comprovar, ainda que amargamente, a importância da veracidade nas auditorias.

O que chama atenção no artigo de Kaplan e Kiron é o fato de nenhum envolvido, em especial os investidores, terem percebido algum sinal de problema. Mesmo quando outras instituições do mesmo ramo não obtinham, na ocasião, resultados semelhantes.

Na medida em que os autores vão contextualizando os bastidores da WorldCom, fica claro a importância de um conselho administrativo independente e autônomo, de uma política corporativa focada no desenvolvimento institucional, bem como, a transparência nas atividades da empresa e ampla participação dos investidores.

Escândalos como o da WorldCom serviram de estímulo, na época, para criação de melhores regras contábeis nos EUA, com o intuito de evitar novas práticas fraudulentas. Demonstrou a importância de uma adequada governança corporativa e boa prática da excelência empresarial.

Acesse o artigo original escrito por Kaplan e Kiron em https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E9toT-QpYKb3Y3SFNw7pzc_kUyC8qX3H/view?usp=sharing

@ b9e76546:612023dc

---

#Nostr isn't just a social network, that's simply the first use case to sprout from the Nostr tree.

Simple Blocks, Complex Change

Nostr isn't just a social network, in a similar way that Bitcoin isn't just a transaction network. Both of these things are true, but they each miss the more significant elements of what they accomplish.

In my mind, the source of Nostr's true potential is two fold; first, in fundamentally changing the centralized server model into an open environment of redundant relays; and second, it eliminates the association of clients with their IP address and metadata, and replaces it with identification via public keys. Within this one-two punch lies the most important tools necessary to actually rearchitect all of the major services on the internet, not just social media. Social is simply the interface by which we will connect all of them.

The combination of this simple data & ID management protocol with decentralized money in #Bitcoin and #Lightning as a global payments network, enables nostr to build marketplaces, "websites," podcast feeds, publishing of articles/video/media of all kinds, auction networks, tipping and crowdfunding applications, note taking, data backups, global bookmarks, decentralized exchanges and betting networks, browser or app profiles that follow you wherever you go, and tons more - except these can be built without all of the negative consequences of being hosted and controlled by central servers.

It separates both the data and client identity from the server hosting it. Handing the ownership back to the owner of the keys. We could think of it loosely as permission-less server federations (though this isn't entirely accurate, its useful imo). Anyone can host, anyone can join, and the data is agnostic to the computer it sits on at any given time. The walls are falling away.

Efficiency vs Robustness

There is also a major secondary problem solved by these building blocks. A byproduct of solving censorship is creating robustness, both in data integrity, but also in data continuity. While the fiat world is so foolishly focused on "efficiency" as the optimal goal of all interaction, it naively ignores the incredible fragility that comes with it. It is far more "efficient" for one big factory to produce all of the computer chips in the world. Why build redundant manufacturing to produce the same thing when one factory can do it just fine? Yet anyone who thinks for more than a few seconds about this can see just how vulnerable it would leave us, as well as how much corruption such "efficiency" would wind up enabling.

Nostr is not alone either. Holepunch is a purely P2P model (rather than based on relays) that accomplishes the same separation in a different way. One where the clients and servers become one in the same - everyone is the host. Essentially a bittorrent like protocol that removes the limitation of the data being static. The combination of their trade offs & what these protocols can do together is practically limitless. While Nostr begins building its social network, combining it with what Synonym is building with their Web of trust, (the critical ingredient of which is public key identification) we can "weigh" information by the trust of our social graph.

Not too long ago, a friend and I used Nostr to verify who we were communicating with, we shared a Keet (built on Holepunch) room key over encrypted nostr DM, and opened a P2P, encrypted chat room where we could troubleshoot a bitcoin wallet problem and safely and privately share very sensitive data. The casual ease by which we made this transaction enabled by these tools had us both pause in awe of just how powerful they could be for the privacy and security of all communication. And this is just the very beginning. The glue of #Lightning and #Bitcoin making possible the direct monetization of the infrastructure in all of the above has me more bullish on the re-architecting of the internet than ever in my life. It cannot be reasonably called an insignificant change in incentives to remove both the advertiser and the centralized payment processor from inbetween the provider and the customers online. The base plumbing of the internet itself may very well be on the verge of the greatest shift it has ever gone through.

A Tale of Two Network Effects

I would argue the most significant historical shift in the internet architecture was the rise of social media. It was when we discovered the internet was about connecting people rather than computers. The social environment quickly became the dominant window by which the average person looked into the web. It's the place where we go to be connected to others, and get a perspective of the world and a filter for its avalanche of information as seen through our trust networks and social circles. But consider how incredibly neutered the experience really is when money isn't allowed to flow freely in this environment, and how much it actually would flow, if not for both centralized payment processors and the horrible KYC and regulatory hurdle it entails for large, centralized entities.

The first time around we failed to accomplish a global, open protocol for user identity, and because of this our social connections were owned by the server on which we made them. They owned our digital social graph, without them, it is erased. This is an incredible power. The pressures of the network effect to find people, rather than websites, took a decentralized, open internet protocol, and re-centralized it into silos controlled by barely a few major corporations. The inevitable abuse of this immense social power for political gain is so blatantly obvious in retrospect that it's almost comical.

But there is a kind of beautiful irony here - the flip side of the network effect's negative feedback that centralized us into social media silos, is the exact same effect that could present an even greater force in pushing us back toward decentralization. When our notes & highlights have the same social graph as our social media, our "instagram" has the same network as our "twitter," our podcasts reach the same audience, our video publishing has the same reach, our marketplace is built in, our reputation carries with us to every application, our app profiles are encrypted and can't be spied on, our data hosting can be paid directly with zaps, our event tickets can be permanently available, our history, our personal Ai, practically anything. And every bit of it is either encrypted or public by our sole discretion, and is paid for in a global, open market of hosts competing to provide these services for the fewest sats possible. (Case in point, I'm paying sats for premium relays, and I'm paying a simple monthly fee to nostr.build for hosting media)

All of this without having to keep up with 1,000 different fucking accounts and passwords for every single, arbitrarily different utility under the sun. Without having to setup another account to try another service offering a slightly different thing or even just one feature you want to explore. Where the "confirm with your email" bullshit is finally relegated to the hack job, security duck tape that it really is. The frustrating and post-hoc security design that is so common on the internet could finally become a thing of the past and instead just one or a few secure cryptographic keys give us access & control over our digital lives.

The same network effect that centralized the internet around social media, will be the force that could decentralize it again. When ALL of these social use cases and connections compound on each other's network effect, rather than compete with each other, what centralized silo in the world can win against that?

This is not to dismiss the number of times others have tried to build similar systems, or that it's even close to the first time it was attempted to put cryptographic keys at the heart of internet communications. Which brings me to the most important piece of this little puzzle... it actually works!

I obviously don't know exactly how this will play out, and I don't know what becomes dominant in any particular area, how relays will evolve, or what applications will lean toward the relay model, while others may lean P2P, and still others may remain client/server. But I do think the next decade will experience a shift in the internet significant enough that the words "relay" and "peer" may very well, with a little hope and lot of work, replace the word "server" in the lexicon of the internet.

The tools are here, the network is proving itself, the applications are coming, the builders are building, and nostr, holepunch, bitcoin and their like are each, slowly but surely, taking over a new part of my digital life every week. Case in point; I'm publishing this short article on blogstack.io, it will travel across all of nostr, I'm accepting zaps with my LNURL, it is available on numerous sites that aggregate Kind:30023 articles, my entire social graph will get it in their feed, & there will be a plethora of different clients/apps/websites/etc through which the users will see this note, each with their own features and designs...

Seriously, why the fuck would I bother starting a Substack and beg people for their emails?

This is only the beginning, and I'm fully here for it. I came for the notes and the plebs, but it's the "Other Stuff" that will change the world.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Vivemos em uma época em que está ocorrendo uma transformação acelerada dos sujeitos e dos lugares no mundo social e cultural, ocasionando uma crise de identidade, caracterizada pelas constantes mudanças estruturais, onde tradições, costumes e instituições antes estáveis são agora desafiadas por um mundo globalizado.

A vida social passa a ser mediada pelo mercado global de estilos, novas tecnologias de comunicação, em um processo de desvinculação de tempos, lugares, arranjos e tradições, produzindo em alguns contextos o enfraquecimento dos laços sociais.

Esta acelerada mudança parece dificultar as relações humanas. Não é incomum escutarmos queixas de todos os lados, professores, alunos e a própria comunidade parece insatisfeita com os rumos que nossa sociedade vem escolhendo.

Uma parcela significativa de professores relatam certa desorientação sobre como lidar com os jovens, mesmo estando capacitados, com educação superior e especializações, algo parece não funcionar bem.

Muitas são as dúvidas sobre o que está ocorrendo na sociedade como um todo, em especial, nos relacionamentos e na educação dos jovens alunos enquanto preparação para uma vida em harmonia, com algum bem-estar social.

Para alguns autores como Axel Honneth é a crise de reconhecimento mútuo, enquanto para Hartmut Rosa é a falta de ressonância. No entanto, parece ocorrer ao menos um consenso entre esses dois pensadores, o fato de estarmos cada vez mais nos comportando de forma reificada, insensível.

Para aprofundar seu conhecimento sobre esse assunto, separamos um artigo que pode ser acessado em https://drive.google.com/file/d/116QZEr_wakV5OYeXrsZW14WYz5qrdSVO/view?usp=sharing

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

Double-entry accounting is a tried and true method for tracking the flow of money using a principle from physics: the conservation of energy. If we account for all the inflows and outflows of money, then we know that we can build an accurate picture of all of the money we've made and spent.

Bitcoin is particularly good at accounting in this sense, since transaction inflows and outflows are checked by code, with the latest state of the ledger stored in the UTXO set.

What about lightning? Every transaction is not stored on the blockchain, so we need same way to account for all the incoming and outgoing lightning transactions. Luckily for us, core-lightning (CLN) comes with a plugin that describes these transactions in detail!

For every transaction, CLN stores the amount credited and debited from your node: routed payments, invoices, etc. To access this, you just need to run the lightning-cli bkpr-listaccountevents command:

lightning-cli bkpr-listaccountevents | jq -cr '.events[] | [.type,.tag,.credit_msat,.debit_msat,.timestamp,.description] | @tsv' > events.txt

This will save a tab-separated file with some basic information about each credit and debit event on your node.

channel invoice 232000000 0 1662187126 Havana channel invoice 2050000 0 1662242391 coinos voucher channel invoice 0 1002203 1662463949 lightningpicturebot channel invoice 300000 0 1663110636 [["text/plain","jb55's lightning address"],["text/identifier","jb55@sendsats.lol"]] channel invoice 0 102626 1663483583 Mile high lightning club

Now here's comes the cool part, we can take this data and build a ledger-cli file. ledger is a very powerful command-line accounting tool built on a plaintext transaction format. Using the tab-separated file we got from CLN, we can build a ledger file with a chart-of-accounts that we can use for detailed reporting. To do this, I wrote a script for converting bkpt reports to ledger:

http://git.jb55.com/cln-ledger

The ledger file looks like so:

``` 2023-05-31 f10074c748917a2ecd8c5ffb5c3067114e2677fa6152d5b5fd89c0aec7fd81c5 expenses:zap:1971 1971000 msat assets:cln -1971000 msat

2023-05-31 damus donations income:lnurl:damus@sendsats.lol -111000 msat assets:cln 111000 msat

2023-05-31 Zap income:zap:event:f8dd1e7eafa18add4aa8ff78c63f17bdb2fab3ade44f8980f094bdf3fb72d512 -10000000 msat assets:cln 10000000 msat ```

Each transaction has multiple postings which track the flow of money from one account to another. Once we have this file we can quickly build reports:

Balance report

Here's the command for "account balance report since 2023-05 in CAD"

$ ledger -b 2023-05-01 -S amount -X CAD -f cln.ledger bal

``` CAD5290 assets:cln CAD2202 expenses CAD525 routed CAD1677 unknown CAD-7492 income CAD-587 unknown CAD-526 routed CAD-1515 lnurl CAD-614 jb55@sendsats.lol CAD-1 tipjar CAD-537 damus@sendsats.lol CAD-364 gpt3@sendsats.lol CAD-4012 merch CAD-2571 tshirt CAD-1441 hat CAD-852 zap CAD-847 event CAD-66 30e763a1206774753da01ba4ce95852a37841e1a1777076ba82e068f6730b75d CAD-60 f9cda1d7b6792e5320a52909dcd98d20e7f95003de7a813fa18aa8c43ea66710 CAD-49 5ae0087aa6245365a6d357befa9a59b587c01cf30bd8580cd4f79dc67fc30aef CAD-43 a4d44469dd3db920257e0bca0b6ee063dfbf6622514a55e2d222f321744a2a0e ...

---

       0

```

As we can see it shows a breakdown of all the sats we've earned (in this case converted to fiat). We can have a higher-level summary using the depth argument:

$ ledger -M -S amount -X sat -f cln.ledger bal

``` sat14694904 assets:cln sat6116712 expenses sat1457926 routed sat4658786 unknown sat-20811616 income sat-1630529 unknown sat-1461610 routed sat-4207647 lnurl sat-11144666 merch sat-2367164 zap

---

       0

```

As we can see we made 14 million sats this month, not bad! The number at the bottom balances to zero which means we've properly accounted for all income and expenses.

Daily Damus Donation Earnings

To support damus, some users have turned on a feature that sends zaps to support damus development. This simply sends a payment to the damus@sendsats.lol lightning address. Since we record these we can build a daily report of damus donations:

$ ledger -D -V -f cln.ledger reg damus

23-May-15 - 23-May-15 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-46 CAD-46 23-May-16 - 23-May-16 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-73 CAD-120 23-May-17 - 23-May-17 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-41 CAD-161 23-May-18 - 23-May-18 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-37 CAD-197 23-May-19 - 23-May-19 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-35 CAD-233 23-May-20 - 23-May-20 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-28 CAD-261 23-May-21 - 23-May-21 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-19 CAD-280 23-May-22 - 23-May-22 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-29 CAD-309 23-May-23 - 23-May-23 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-19 CAD-328 23-May-24 - 23-May-24 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-25 CAD-353 23-May-25 - 23-May-25 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-36 CAD-390 23-May-26 - 23-May-26 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-37 CAD-426 23-May-27 - 23-May-27 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-25 CAD-451 23-May-28 - 23-May-28 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-25 CAD-476 23-May-29 - 23-May-29 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-12 CAD-488 23-May-30 - 23-May-30 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-29 CAD-517 23-May-31 - 23-May-31 ..damus@sendsats.lol CAD-21 CAD-537

Not making bank or anything but this covered the relay server costs this month!

Hopefully ya'll found this useful, feel free to fork the script and try it out!

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

ผมเจอหลายคนเริ่มต้นกับ Nostr มานาน แต่กลับยังไม่สามารถ “อิน” กับการอยู่ในสังคมแห่งใหม่นี้ได้เท่าไหร่นัก บางคนยังมีเพื่อนใหม่เพียงหลักสิบคน และหลายคนยังแทบไม่รู้จักหรือกดตามใครเลย บางคนมีคนติดตามเพียง 3-5 คน เท่านั้น แล้วมันจะไปมีคนเห็นสิ่งที่เราสื่อสารออกไปได้มากพอได้อย่างไรล่ะคับ?

ก็คนที่ไม่ได้ติดตามเราเค้าก็จะมองไม่เห็นสิ่งที่เราโน๊ตไปนั่นเอง

นี่แหละครับ Nostr

ผมไม่ชอบใช้คำว่า “เล่น Nostr” เท่าไหร่นัก สำหรับผมแล้ว.. Nostr คือ สถานที่ใหม่ สังคมใหม่ที่ทุกคนต้องเริ่มนับใหม่จากศูนย์ ผมขอใช้คำว่ามันเป็นการ “ใช้ชีวิตบน Nostr” ก็แล้วกัน เชื่อไหมครับว่าในแต่ละวัน ผมยังรู้สึกว่าตัวเองมีเวลาไม่มากพอจะใช้ชีวิตบน Nostr ให้สมใจอยากได้เลย.. ในขณะที่บางคนกลับรู้สึกว่า 5 นาทีมันก็นานเกินไปแล้ว..

เราลองมาพิจารณากันดูไหมว่าเพราะอะไร?

มันไม่ค่อยมีอะไรให้อ่าน ไม่ค่อยมีเรื่องให้ทำ

สำหรับข้อโต้แย้งนี้ผมคงต้องบอกว่ามัน “ผิดถนัด” เลยล่ะ.. บน Nostr นี่มีอะไรให้เราทำมากกว่าบนทุกแพลตฟอร์มเก่าๆ มาขยำรวมกันเสียอีกนะ

ผมคิดว่า.. ผมคงต้องเริ่มเล่าเรื่องในจินตนการให้พวกเราเห็นภาพนี้ได้ง่ายขึ้น ผมขอพาพวกเรากลับไปสู่จุดเริ่มต้นของการก่อร่างสร้างสังคม

อันดับแรก ผมอยากให้พวกเราลืม “สังคมแบบเดิม” ไปเสียก่อน ทั้งในชีวิตจริง หรือในโลกออนไลน์ที่เราเคยประสบพบเจอมา ที่ Nostr นี่มันต่างออกไปอย่างสิ้นเชิงครับ

จินตการว่าเราได้ลงจากเรือโนอาห์ที่เกาะขนาดใหญ่แห่งหนึ่ง กองเรือจัดตั้งอาณานิคมใหม่หลายลำที่พาผู้คนหลักแสนมาปล่อยไว้ ณ สถานที่เดียวกัน เกาะอันเวิ้งว้างว่างเปล่าที่อุดมไปด้วยทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ เต็มไปด้วยสิ่งเร้นลับและแปลกใหม่ ที่รอให้เหล่านักสำรวจได้ออกไปทำการค้นพบ

Nostr ก็คือสถานที่แบบเดียวกันนั้น..

เราต่างคนต่างมา ณ ที่แห่งนี้ เรามีสถานะภาพเท่าเทียมกันทุกประการ ทุกคนเริ่มนับหนึ่งใหม่ที่นี่ เริ่มทำความรู้จักกัน รวมกลุ่มกัน สร้างสังคมขนาดย่อมจนผ่านเวลาไปถึงขนาดกลางและกลายเป็นใหญ่ได้ในที่สุด

สิ่งนี้จะเกิดขึ้นไม่ได้เลย ถ้าผู้คนเหล่านี้ไม่พยายาม “Engage” เข้าหากัน ไม่มีปฏิสัมพันธ์ต่อกัน ไม่ยอมแลกเปลี่ยนหรือทำกิจกรรมบางอย่างร่วมกัน นี่คือกลไกการสร้างสังคมโดยธรรมชาติที่จะไม่มีใครมีคอยชี้นำ บังคับ หรือออกกฏเกณฑ์ชี้นิ้วสั่งใครให้ต้องทำอะไรทั้งนั้น.. มันคือสังคมแห่งเสรีชนโดยแท้จริง ทุกคนจะประพฤติอย่างเสรีภายใต้ทัศนวิสัยของปัจเจกชน

โฆษณาชวนเชื่อ หรือการทำเท่ห์ด้วยคอนเท้นต์โก้หรู ศิลปะในการหลอกล่ออัลกอริทึมเหมือนที่เคยทำๆ กันมา มันใช้ไม่ได้กับที่แห่งนี้

ที่นี่พวกเราให้ค่ากับ “คุณค่า” ที่เราจะได้รับมันมาจริงๆ และคุณค่าของแต่ละคนก็ไม่มีวันเหมือนกันเสียด้วย นี่คือความท้าทายที่พวกเราต้องเริ่มออกไปค้นหา ‘คุณค่า’ ที่ว่านั้น ด้วยตัวเองหรือจะทำกันเป็นหมู่คณะก็ย่อมให้ผลดีกว่าอย่างแน่นอนครับ

ไม่มีใครต้องการ “ฮีโร่” ที่นี่ ทุกคนแค่ต้องการ “เพื่อน” เพื่อนที่จะคอย 'ให้' เราก่อนและ 'ขอ' เราทีหลัง

ผมร่ายมายาวก็เพียงแค่ต้องการจะบอกว่า..

ที่เราไม่เห็นคอนเทนต์อะไรน่าสนใจเลย อาจเป็นเพราะเรายังทำความรู้จักกับ “คนที่น่าสนใจ” ยังไม่มากพอก็เป็นได้

แล้วมันเพราะอะไรได้อีกบ้าง?

เรายังกดติดตามคนอื่นน้อยเกินไป

ทำให้เราไม่เจอโน๊ตหรือคอนเทนต์ที่ดึงดูดใจเราได้มากพอ เราก็จะเห็นแต่โน๊ตของคนที่เราติดตามไว้อย่างน้อยนิดนั่นแหละครับ เว้นแต่เราจะไปกดดูแบบ Global ที่จะเห็นผู้คนทั้งเกาะเป็นหมื่นๆ แสนๆ ต่างคนต่างคนโน๊ตกันรัวๆ ซึ่งมันคงเต็มไปด้วยสิ่งที่เราไม่ได้ให้ความสนใจหรือคัดสรรมา

เรามีคนติดตามเราน้อยเกินไป

ทำให้เหงาและเงียบกริบทุกรอบที่เราโน๊ต มันก็แน่อยู่แล้ว ถ้าทั้งเกาะมีคนที่รู้จักเราอยู่แค่ 2-3 คน มันก็คงมีคนแค่จำนวนนี้แหละครับที่จะได้ยินสิ่งที่เราพูด ได้เห็นสิ่งที่เราทำ เราแค่ต้องออกไปทำความรู้จักหรือมีปฏิสัมพันธ์กับคนอื่นๆ ให้มากกว่านี้ มันไม่เหมือนกันนะครับ ระหว่างการโพสต์สิ่งที่อยากพูดออกไป เน้นเอาเท่ เอาเจ๋ง ไว้ก่อน กับการเดินไปหาคนอื่นเพื่อแลกเปลี่ยนความคิดและสร้างมิตรภาพกับเขาอย่างจริงใจ ผมคิดว่ามันให้ผลลัพธ์ไม่เหมือนกันบน Nostr

เรายังไม่เจอ Hashtag หรือกลุ่มสนทนาที่ตรงกับจริต

ทำให้เราไม่รู้สึกอินกับอะไรที่นี่เลย คนชอบฟุตบอลก็ชอบเสวนากับคนดูบอลฉันใด บิตคอยเนอร์ก็อยากจะคุยถูกคอกับบิตคอยเนอร์ฉันนั้น คนรักแมวก็มองหาคนรักแมว ฯลฯ ที่นี่มันพาเราย้อนกลับไปที่ยังยุคแรกๆ ของสังคมโซเชียลมีเดีย ที่คนจะเชื่อมโยงหากันโดยใช้ “Hashtag” ที่ต่างก็สนใจร่วมกัน มันเหมือนการชูป้ายไฟโลกให้รู้ว่า “ฉันรักแมว” (#Catstr) เพื่อดึงดูดคนประเภทเดียวกัน นั่นแหละครับ เราแค่ต้องหาป้ายไฟที่ว่านั่นให้เจอ

เราไม่เห็นได้ “Earn Zap” อย่างที่หลายคนป้ายยาเราไว้เลย

ก็ถ้าวันนี้เราเองยังไม่ค่อยอยาก Zap ให้ใครเท่าไหร่ แน่นอนว่ามันก็จะไม่มีใครอยาก Zap ให้เราด้วยเช่นกัน ป๋ามา-ป๋ากลับ คนที่นี่เป็นกันแบบนั้น มันประหลาดดี ทำลายความเชื่อแบบเดิมๆ ของเราไปเลยทีเดียว

จริงๆ แล้วมันไม่มีใครอยากได้ Sats เพิ่มบน Nostr เพราะมันไม่ง่ายขนาดนั้น พวกเขาก็แค่อยากหาเรื่อง Zap ให้คนอื่นๆ พวกเขาแสวงหาโน๊ต ข้อความ หรือคอนเทนต์ แม้กระทั่งมีมที่โดนใจ ไม่มีใครมาคอยนั่งคิดคำนวนว่า "วันนี้ฉัน Earn ไปเท่าไหร่” (คอนเซ็ปต์แบบนี้มัน Fiat สิ้นดี) สังคมบน Nostr นั้นเน้นการให้และการมีส่วนร่วม ช่วยเหลือกัน เมื่อคุณให้มา เราจะให้กลับ มันแฟร์ๆ แมนๆ ครับ

ในสังคมที่ไม่มีใครคอยมาทำหน้าที่กำกับดูแลพฤติกรรมหรือการกระทำของเรา ความสัมพันธ์จะเกิดขึ้นอย่างเป็นธรรมชาติสุดๆ เป็นเรื่องของปัจเจกชนที่จะเลือกว่าพวกเขาจะให้คุณค่ากับอะไร ดังนั้น.. เราจึงแทบไม่มีทางรู้ได้เลยว่าใครจะชอบ หรือคิดอะไรยังไง นอกเสียจากว่า.. เราจะใช้เวลาไปกับการทำความรู้จักความคิดและจิตใจของพวกเขา ออกไปพูดคุยแลกเปลี่ยนกับพวกเขาเพื่อให้เราเข้าใจคนอื่นได้มากขึ้นนั่นเอง

เมื่อคุณเข้าใจผู้อื่น มันก็ไม่ยากที่คุณจะรู้ว่า “คุณค่า” ที่พวกเขาตามหานั้นคืออะไร?

บก. จิงโจ้ ผู้มีปฎิสัมพันธ์และคอย Make friend กับคนไปทั่ว นั่นทำให้เขามีคนติดตาม และติดตามคนอื่นจำนวนมากทีเดียว เขาทำไปเพื่อ Sats หรือเปล่า? ผมคิดว่าไม่นะ.. Just make friend

เราไม่รู้ว่ามันใช้งานยังไง ทำอะไรได้บ้าง เลยไม่รู้จะไปต่อยังไง

ประเด็นนี้ก็ต้องย้อนกลับไปที่หัวข้อต่างๆ ด้านบน ก็ในเมื่อเรายังไม่เคยเจอคนที่จะคอยตอบคำถาม หรือสอนการใช้งานเราให้กับเราได้ หรือจริงๆ แล้วเราก็อาจแค่ถูกสอนให้ “รอรับ” มากกว่าที่จะ “ค้นหา” จนเคยตัว เราเลยไม่ชินกับการต้องออกไปไขว่คว้ามันด้วยตัวเอง?

ไม่ว่าอย่างไร.. เรามาเริ่มกันใหม่ที่นี่ เชื่อไหมครับว่าหลายคนบน Nostr นั้นเป็นระดับพระกาฬแทบทั้งสิ้น แถมพวกเขายังเต็มใจที่จะให้ความช่วยเหลือหรือคอยตอบคำถามให้กับพวกเราด้วย เราต้องหาเค้าให้เจอและเปลี่ยนตัวเองให้เป็นคนที่จะ “กล้า” ถาม กล้าแสดงออก และกล้าที่จะยอมรับว่าเราไม่รู้ ก่อนที่จะเราจะกลายเป็นผู้เชี่ยวชาญได้ในภายหลัง

นี่เป็นโอกาสที่เราจะได้ใกล้ชิดกับคนที่เราอยากคุยด้วยมานานแล้ว คนที่เราเคยชื่นชม หรือคนที่เราเคยเห็นบนโลกเฟียตๆ แต่ไม่เคยหาเหลี่ยมได้สักทีว่าจะเข้าหาหรือเข้าถึงพวกเขาได้ยังไง

แค่เริ่มทำความรู้จัก โลกก็เปลี่ยน

เอาล่ะ.. ผมจะลองแนะนำวิธีว่าเราจะเพิ่มผู้ติดตามหรือเลือกเฟ้นยังไงในการติดตามผู้อื่น ผมมีแนวทางของผมเอง คงไม่ใช่สูตรสำเร็จ แต่ถ้าเพื่อนๆ จะลองนำไปประยุกต์ก็ไม่ว่ากันครับ

ตามคนดัง

วิธีที่ง่าย และตรงไปตรงมาที่สุด ซึ่งมันก็ถูกแล้ว เพราะคนเหล่านี้การที่เค้าจะดังได้ต่างก็มี proof-of-work และความน่าสนใจในแบบของตัวเองด้วยกันทั้งนั้น แอคเคาต์แรกๆ ที่พวกเราคงนึกถึงก็คงเป็น อ.ตั๊ม พิริยะ และ Right Shift ทั้งแอคเคาต์ทางการ และทีมงานทั้งทีม ก็แหง๋ล่ะ เพราะพวกเขาป้ายยาพาคุณมาอยู่บน Nostr แต่อย่าตามแค่พวกเขาไม่กี่คนเท่านั้นนะครับ คุณควรจะ...

ตามคนอื่นๆ เลียนแบบคนดัง

เราสามารถกดดูได้ว่าใครกดติดตามใครเอาไว้บ้าง คนดังก็มักจะตามกลุ่มคนที่น่าสนใจแหละส่วนหนึ่ง ส่วนที่เหลือเขาก็คงตามคนที่ถูกจริตกับตัวเอง นอกจากนี่คนที่กดติดตามพวกเขาก็จะเป็นคนที่ชอบอะไรคล้ายๆ กับเขา มันก็เป็นไปตามกฎแห่งแรงดึงดูดทางด้านความสัมพันธ์ เราค่อยๆ กดไปดูโปรไฟล์ของแต่ละคนได้ว่าเขามีความน่าสนใจยังไง ชอบโน๊ตหรือการสื่อสารแบบไหน เขามีวิธีคิดหรือนิสัยใจคอ มีเคมีแบบเดียวกันกับเราหรือเปล่า?

ถ้าใช่.. คุณก็แค่กดปุ่ม Follow แล้วกระโจนเข้าไปตอบโต้กับเขาได้เลย ไม่ว่าจะในโน๊ตใหม่ หรือ โน๊ตเก่าๆ คอมเม้นให้มันได้เพื่อนนะครับ อย่าไปเม้นให้ได้ศัตรู

เราจะเห็นแอคฯ น่าสนใจให้เพียบ แค่ลองกดไปดูว่าคนดังๆ เขามีวงสังคมบน Nostr เป็นใครกันบ้าง แล้วตอบตัวเองว่าเราอยากพาตัวเองเข้าไปอยู่ในนั้นบ้างไหม?

ตาม Hashtag

ตามหา “ป้ายไฟ” สีที่เราชอบ หรือก็คือกด ‘#’ นำในช่องค้นหา ตามด้วยคำที่เราสนใจ แล้วลองไล่หาดูได้เลย คุณอาจเจอเข้ากับกระทู้ที่ตรงกับสิ่งที่ตามหา เรื่องที่อยากอ่าน หรือมุมมองที่อยากเห็น รวมไปถึงคนที่.. เอ้อ มันเจ๋งดีว่ะ อะไรแบบนี้ได้ง่ายๆ เลยล่ะ

เมื่อเราชอบแฮ็ชแท็กไหน เรายังสามารถกดติดตามตัวแฮชแท็กนั้นได้อีกด้วย และอย่าลืมกดติดตาม หรือติดแฮ็ชแท็ก #ThaiNostrich กับ #Siamstr เอาไว้ด้วยนะครับ มันคือป้ายไฟสามัญประจำบ้านของคนไทยบน Nostr คุณสามารถตามหาเพื่อนคนไทยได้ง่ายๆ ด้วยแฮชแท็ก 2 ตัวนี้นี่แหละ

Swarmstr เป็นตัวอย่างไคลเอนต์ที่จะรวบรวมข้อมูลบน Nostr ที่เราสามารถค้นหา หรือศึกษา Nostr ได้จากหัวข้อต่างๆ ตามแฮชแท็คที่แสดงเป็นตัวอย่างได้ (หรือค้นหาด้วยตัวเอง)

ตามประเด็นที่สนใจไปจนเจอตัวพ่อ

มันต้องมีบางโอกาสที่เราไปเจอเข้ากับกระทู้น่าสนใจ มีการสนทนากันอย่างเผ็ดร้อนหรือรื่นเริงจนคุณก็อดเข้าไปแจมด้วยไม่ได้ ที่แบบนี้แหละที่คุณจะเจอกับคนเก่งๆ ในด้านนั้นๆ หรือผู้เชี่ยวชาญเฉพาะด้าน หรือกระทั่งเป็นผู้ก่อตั้ง หรือนักพัฒนาไคลเอนต์เลยทีเดียว และคนเหล่านี้เขาก็มาที่เกาะแห่งนี้ด้วยจุดประสงค์คล้ายๆ เรา คือ "หนีความวุ่นวายและโสมมบนโลกเก่าเพื่อแสวงหาเสรีภาพและมิตรภาพ ณ สังคมใหม่"

ดังนั้น เขาเต็มใจที่จะได้ทำความรู้จักกับเราอย่างแน่นอนครับ

แต่คนนิสัยไม่ดี หรือมีพฤติกรรมไม่เป็นมิตรเราก็จะดูออกได้ในทันที และมันก็เป็นสิทธิ์ของเราล้านเปอร์เซ็นต์ที่จะเลือกว่า จะสนใจติดตามคนๆ นี้ หรือแค่ปล่อยผ่าน หรือไม่ก็ บล็อกแม่ง ให้มันจบๆ ไป

Nostrends เป็นตัวอย่างไคลเอ็นต์ที่คอยรวบรวมและแสดงโน๊ต หรือหัวข้อที่กำลังได้รับความนิยมบน Nostr ตามช่วงเวลาหรือตัวกรองที่เราเลือก

พยายามอย่าทำพฤติกรรมแบบเดิมๆ บน Nostr

ผมเชื่อว่ามีพวกเราส่วนใหญ่ (ชาวไทย) จะคุ้นเคยกับการใช้งานและวัฒนธรรมบน Facebook แต่ชาวต่างชาติหรือผู้ใช้งานส่วนใหญ่ที่นี่จะเคยชินกับวัฒนธรรมแบบ Twitter กันมากกว่านะครับ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการโพสต์ การคอมเมนต์ หรือการกดตอบโต้ด้วยอีโมจิ (Discord cult) ก็ถือว่าเป็นวัฒนธรรมในแบบที่เราอาจยังไม่คุ้นเคยกันมากนักและคงต้องใช้เวลาเรียนรู้กันพอสมควร

ขอให้พวกเราทิ้งวิธีคิดแบบเดิมๆ ในการใช้งานโซเชียลมีเดียไปได้เลยครับ เราควรอยู่บน Nostr โดยใช้แนวคิดแบบเดียวกับการอยู่ในสังคมจริงๆ ทักทาย ตอบโต้ เห็นอกเห็นใจ ช่วยเหลือ แลกเปลี่ยน คอนทริบิ้วท์และมีส่วนร่วมให้มากกว่าที่เคย ฯลฯ เราจึงจะมีตัวตนและรู้สึกเหมือนเป็นส่วนหนึ่งในสังคมแห่งนี้ได้จริงๆ (ไม่งั้นเราก็เป็นได้เพียง "ผู้สังเกตการณ์เหงาๆ" เท่านั้นเอง)

ที่นี่.. ไม่ให้คุณค่ากับ การอวดรู้ หรือ โชว์พาว ทุกคนดูออกได้ง่ายๆ ว่าเจตนาของแต่ละคนคืออะไร คนเหล่านี้ล้วนเคยขยะแขยง Fiat Social Media Cult มาแทบทั้งนั้น ถ้าต้องมาเจออะไรแบบนี้บน Nostr ก็จะ ยี้ ได้ทันที และทุกคนก็พร้อม และ มีสิทธิ์ที่จะบล็อกเราได้ตลอดเวลา

เราจะกดติดตามคนนั้น-คนนี้ให้มากมายไปทำไมกัน ถ้าเราจะแค่ไถๆๆ ฟีดวืดๆๆ ไปวันๆ เราจะไม่ได้เพื่อนเลยสักคนกับการทำแบบนั้น และอาจพลาดโอกาสดีๆ ที่จะได้เรียนรู้อะไรบางอย่าง

เราไม่ควรทำแค่อ่านผ่านๆ เหมือนกับตอนที่เราเบื่อโลกเมื่อต้องใช้ Facebook และเห็นแต่อะไรที่ไม่ต้องการเห็น ที่นี่.. เราจะเลิกติดตามไปเลยก็ได้ถ้าแอคฯ นั้นเอาแต่โพสต์อะไรที่ดูไม่เข้าตา หรือไม่สามารถดึงดูดเราได้ (ถ้าเกรงใจก็กด Mute ไว้ก่อนก็ได้)

การอ่านอย่างตั้งใจในสิ่งที่เค้าโพสต์มา และตอบโต้ตามสมควร ก็เปรียบเสมือน การรับฟังผู้พูดอย่างตั้งอกตั้งใจ นั่นเอง นั่นคือหนทางเดียวที่เราจะเรียนรู้ได้ว่าเราควรตอบโต้อย่างไร เพราะเราเข้าใจ สาส์น ที่เขาได้สื่อออกมาอย่างถ่องแท้นั่นเองครับ

ถ้าไม่ว่าง คุณก็ปัดทิ้งได้ แล้วค่อยตามไปอ่านทีหลัง มันไม่มีการลบหรือปิดกั้นเรา ไม่มีโฆษณามาให้รกหูรกตา ถ้าเจอพวก แสกม/แสปม ก็บล็อกมันซะ อย่าให้พวกน่ารังเกียจได้มีที่ยืนบนสังคมที่คุณอยากให้เป็น

และขอให้ทุกคนระลึกไว้เสมอว่า การพูดคุยและมีปฎิสัมพันธ์ต่อกัน เท่านั้น ที่จะทำให้มนุษย์ได้มีความสัมพันธ์ต่อกัน

ผมขอทิ้งท้ายด้วยเคล็ดลับตกผลึกสั้นๆ ว่า..

• ติดตามผู้อื่น
• Zap ให้คนอื่นๆ
• เริ่มสร้าง Note ของตัวเอง (โพสต์) สักครั้ง หรือบ่อยครั้ง
• คุยกับคนอื่นให้มากกว่าที่เคย (มากกว่าแค่อ่านๆ ไปเรื่อยเหมือนตอนใช้ Facebook)
• ได้ Zap กลับมาจากคนอื่น
• สำรวจแฮชแท็กต่างๆ ลองใช้งานมันไปเรื่อยๆ

เหนือสิ่งอื่นใด จงใช้ชีวิตบน Nostr และแค่สนุกไปกับมันให้ได้ก็พอ.. :)

ปล. |--

• มนุษย์มีวุ้นแปลภาษาจริงๆ แล้วนะครับ ก็ Google translate นั่นยังไง อย่าให้ภาษากลายเป็นกำแพงแห่งการเรียนรู้.. จงใช้มัน ไม่ต้องขวยเขิลกันหรอกครับ (เพราะผมเองก็ใช้)

• บทความต่อไปผมจะมาลองแนะนำว่า มีแอคเคานต์ไหนบ้างที่น่าสนใจกดติดตามสัก 10-20 บัญชี เอาคนไทยเราก่อนเลย ไว้คอยติดตามกันนะครับ

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Acredito que não importa qual seja sua profissão, seu cargo e as pessoas com quem você conversa, você possivelmente já deve ter ouvido falar em algum momento nessa expressão tão popular atualmente: Big Data. Essa minha premissa ocorre pelo fato de que não é preciso muito esforço para encontrarmos uma notícia referente a esse termo nos dias atuais.

Com este livro você conseguirá responder as seguintes perguntas e muito mais: quais dados fazem parte do contexto de Big Data? Qual a definição desse conceito? Como obter dados de diferentes fontes? Como extrair valor a partir dos dados? Qual a infraestrutura necessária para criar uma solução de Big Data? Quais habilidades são necessárias para se atuar com Big Data?

Se deseja aprofundar seu conhecimento, separamos para você um texto acadêmico. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1I2fsFxNIk6Cvu2741Jea25Chv-BCdBuT/view?usp=sharing

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Este é um livro que funciona como um guia de consulta sobre gerenciamento de dados e configuração de um sistema de backup.

Com uma escrita bem organizada permitindo o rápido acesso para consulta, o autor proporciona de forma didática o conhecimento necessário para elaboração de um eficiente projeto de prevenção e proteção dos dados computacionais.

O livro fundamenta e descreve de forma detalhada todos os passos para configuração do software livre Bacula. Um robusto aplicativo para gerenciamento de backup.

É um livro indicado para técnicos e profissionais de gestão em tecnologia da informação que buscam oferecer aos seus clientes uma política eficiente em gestão de backup.

Referência: FARIAS, Heitor Medrado de. Bacula: ferramenta livre de backup. Rio de Janeiro. Editora Brasport, 2010.

@ b9e76546:612023dc

The real power of AI will be in its integration of other tools to use in specific situation and recognizing what those tools are. There will be extremely specific & curated AI models (or just basic software circuits) on certain topics, tasks, or concepts. And this will also be a crucial way in which we keep AI safe, and give it understanding of its own actions. In other words, how we prevent it from going insane. I've recently experienced a tiny microcosm of what that might look like...

— ie. a general language model that knows to call on the conceptual math language model, that then makes sense of the question and knows to input it into the calculator app for explicit calculations when solving complex or tricky word problems. And then to apply this in the realm of safety and morals, a specific model that an AI calls on for understanding the consequences and principles of any actions it takes in the real world.

I believe there needs to be an AI "Constitution" (a particular term I heard used to describe it) where there is a specific set of ideas and actions it is enabled to perform, and a particular set of "moral weights" it must assess before taking action. Anyone who's read Asimov will recognize this as "The Three Laws" and that's basically what it would be. This is critical because an AI running an actual humanoid machine like Boston Dynamics could go ape shit literally because it is emulating trolling someone by doing the opposite of what they asked -- I just had a LLM troll me yesterday & go a bit haywire when i asked it to be concise, and every answer afterward was then the wordiest and longest bunch of nonsense imaginable... it was funny, but also slightly sobering to think how these things could go wrong when controlling something in the real world. Now imagine a robot that thinks Kick Ass is a funny movie and starts emulating its behavior thinking it's being funny because it has no model to assess the importance of the humans whose skulls it's smashing and thinks the more blood it can splatter everywhere makes it a more comical experience for those in the room. That's essentially the "real world robot" version of asking a LLM to be concise and instead getting an avalanche of BS. Ask a robot to be funny and maybe it crushes your skull.

Because of that, I think there will be certain "anchors" or particular "circuits" for these LLMs to be constrained by for certain things. Essentially action specific built governors that add meaning to the actions and things they are doing. A very simple version mentioned above would be a calculator. If you ask an LLM right now to do basic math, it screws up all the time. It has no idea how to generate a true answer. It just predicts what an answer might sound like. So even extremely simple and common sense requests turn up idiotic answers sometimes. But if it can recognize that you are asking a math problem, find the relevant mathematical elements, and then call on the hardcoded & built-in calculator circuit, then the LLM isn't doing the calculation, it's simply the interface between the calculation tool and the human interaction.

What I think will be critical as we integrate these into real world machines over time, and as their capabilities become more generalized and layered, will be to build in a sort of moral constitution that behaves like a concrete engine (a calculator), that has the model recognize when something might be a questionable behavior or cause an undesirable outcome, and then call on the "constitution" to make the decision to act or not. In that way, it may actually prevent itself from doing something stupid or terrible that even a human hadn't realized the full consequences of. — ie. it won't help a child get to the roof of his building so he can fly off the side with his cardboard wings.

It will be very interesting to watch these come about because the failure more of AI will be a critically important thing to consider, and unfortunately from an engineering and cultural standpoint, "failure modes" are something that have been underrepresented and increasingly ignored. A simple example is a modern washing machine; when something entirely arbitrary or some silly little feature breaks, the whole thing is useless and you have to bring a technician out to fix it, when a sensible failure mode would be that it simply routes around what arbitrary feature failed, and continues working normally. This, unfortunately, has become the norm for tons of "modern" devices and appliances. they are simultaneously increasingly "advance" and "stupid" at the same time. It's largely a product of the high time preference mindset, and we need MUCH more low time preference consideration as we unleash AI onto the world. It will matter exponentially more when we start making machines that can operate autonomously, can maintain themselves, and learn through their own interactions and environment... and we aren't very far away.

Learn as fast as you can, understand the tools, and stay safe.

grownostr #AI_Unchained

(my very first post on BlogStack.io)

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

"Bitcoin isn't real money until you can buy coffee at the street corner with it."

I've heard this frustrating argument many times. I don’t have exact numbers to confirm the current global adoption rate, but I believe over 90% of the world still doesn't know about it. That's why many still mockingly view Bitcoin as play money, stemming from their own misunderstandings.

Indeed, most general businesses don't accept it as a 'Unit of Account' yet. No governments globally have allowed Bitcoin to be a 'Medium of Exchange.' And why would they? Who would willingly relinquish financial control and power?

For over a decade, Bitcoin has proven itself as a 'Store of Value'. No other form of currency can preserve and enhance wealth like it. The HODLers have witnessed Bitcoin's value appreciation over time, surpassing fiat's fickle nature.

This phenomenon makes most Bitcoin enthusiasts reluctant to spend their stash. It's understandable and beyond criticism. After all, it's a natural right of an individual. We can't force someone to frivolously spend their saved Bitcoin, can we?

Then came Joseph Poon and Thaddeus Dryja, who jointly developed the Lightning Network in 2015. Bitcoin's world was never the same.

In 2018, the Lightning Network was introduced to the public. Starting with about 4 BTC and 1,000 nodes in March 2018, it has grown to 4,797.48 BTC (+119,837%) and 15,448 nodes (+1,444.8%). No other payment system has witnessed such astounding growth.

Bitcoin enthusiasts, then, face a personal dilemma (especially from my experiences in Thailand). They must choose between hoarding fervently or using a fraction of their Bitcoins. Whichever path they choose, both essentially promote Bitcoin adoption. Both are pushing Bitcoin to become genuine money and gain global acceptance.

A new case study emerges for Bitcoin adoption following the advent of the Lightning Network. Instead of beginning with a laborious and time-consuming study of Bitcoin, this new generation can immediately adopt it through learning and experimenting with Bitcoin Lightning. Once they experience its convenience and instantly recognize its benefits, they willingly dive deeper, venturing down their own rabbit holes.

I have an example to illustrate this. The excitement of numerous people who tried the Lightning Payment at the Bitcoin Thailand Conference 2023 (#BTC2023).

https://youtu.be/-wVuD9QUe5U?si=2e7mfhhkVsbJrPU0

We at Right Shift saw this phenomenon coming from the outset, and have played a pioneering role in pushing Lightning Network Adoption in Thailand consistently throughout 2022-2023. The impact has been overwhelmingly positive.

I can confidently state that its momentum is truly powerful. The only thing that could possibly hinder its growth is governments that don't wish to see it succeed. I believe they will either find a way to regulate it or, more likely, resist it vehemently with their lackluster CBDCs. Ironically, they're only driving more interest towards Bitcoin.

Today, I'd like to extend my gratitude to fiatjaf, the developer behind this human protocol, and Jack Dorsey, the force behind Nostr which you are using right now. Although it lacks any algorithm, I'm naturally addicted to it. I feel like a kid who has just received a Playstation5 after waiting for 3 years.

Nostr is the next evolutionary step for humanity, working hand in hand with the stories I've mentioned above to further Bitcoin adoption. In a world currently heading towards severe inflation and mainstream social media acting like power-hungry tyrants, these elements will serve as perfect catalysts to accelerate the inevitable adoption.

I have endured the mainstream media and those overwhelming apps for so long. As soon as I encountered Nostr and its constant developments, I instantly foresaw the victory of the side I chose, which will surely happen in the near future.

My team, Right Shift, and I spent less than an hour discussing the campaign to promote Nostr in Thailand. Believe it or not, after that, hundreds of Thais started exploring Nostr, some of whom had never heard of the Lightning Network before!

They grew tired of the overbearing rules of mainstream social media platforms and quickly embraced Nostr (as evidenced by #ThaiNostrich, #Siamstr, and specific events like #ThailandZapathon, as well as what’s happening on Zap.stream).

Nostr, which has captured their hearts, introduced them to Lightning and Bitcoin. This realization hit me immediately.

I believe it's a brilliant idea to show people the deterioration of this world, starting with the online community and then expanding to the real society under the control of governments that shouldn't exist and play their current roles. Eventually, they will see that Bitcoin and Nostr are solutions to these distortions.

For this reason, Nostr is paving the way for more Bitcoin adoption options through use cases that resonate more with contemporary society.

Bitcoin is no longer a challenging or rocky subject to study. Nostr is one of the easiest and most fun ways to adopt Bitcoin right now.

I'm confident that when hosting the Bitcoin Thailand Conference 2024 (#BTC2024) next year, Nostr will surely be a major highlight.

If you are a developer, expert, or enthusiast on Nostr, let me know if you'd like to be in Bangkok next year.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

No livro Sem fins lucrativos, a autora Nussbaum lança um alerta a respeito da crise silenciosa em que as nações descartam competências enquanto ficam obcecadas pelo Produto Nacional Bruto. Como por toda parte as artes e as humanidades estão tendo seu espaço reduzido, os atributos fundamentais da própria democracia estão sofrendo uma corrosão perigosa.

Nussbaum lembra que importantes educadores e responsáveis pela consolidação de identidades nacionais percebiam como as artes e as humanidades ensinam às crianças raciocínio crítico que é indispensável para agir com independência e para resistir com inteligência à força da tradição e da autoridade irracionais.

Os alunos de arte e literatura também aprendem a se colocar na posição dos outros, uma capacidade que é fundamental para uma democracia bem-sucedida e para o desenvolvimento de nosso olhar interno.

Este livro oferece aos leitores um chamado à ação, na forma de um projeto que substitui um modelo educacional que destrói a democracia por outro que a promove. Ele apresenta evidências convincentes, embora à primeira vista contra-intuitivas, de que o próprio fundamento da cidadania – sem falar na prosperidade nacional – depende das humanidades e das artes. O risco de ignorá-las é nosso.

Separamos para você uma resenha acadêmica sobre este livro. https://drive.google.com/file/d/15wHs13PHpG0GC5tyqfTeUbPDOlcv4-lS/view?usp=sharing

@ 52b4a076:e7fad8bd

What is NIP-05 really?

If you look at the spec, it's a way to map Nostr public keys to DNS-based internet identifiers, such as name@example.com.

If you look at Nostr Plebs:

It's a human readable identifier for your public key. It makes finding your profile on Nostr easier. It makes identifying your account easier.

If you look at basically any client, you see a checkmark, which you assume means verification.

If you ask someone, they probably will call it verification.

How did we get here?

Initially, there was only one client, which was (kind of) the reference implementation: Branle.

When it added support for NIP-05 identifiers, it used to replace the display name with the NIP-05 identifier, and it had to distinguish a NIP-05 from someone setting their display name to a NIP-05. So they added a checkmark...

Then there was astral.ninja and Damus: The former was a fork of Branle, and therefore inherited the checkmark. Damus didn't implement NIP-05 until a while later, and they added a checkmark because Astral and other clients were doing it.

And then came new clients, all copying what the previous ones did... (Snort originally did not have a checkmark, but that changed later.)

The first NIP-05 provider

Long story short, people were wondering what NIP-05 is and wanted it, and that's how Nostr Plebs came to be.

They initially called their service verification. Somewhere between January and February, they removed all mentions to verification except one (because people were searching for it), and publicly said that NIP-05 is not verification. But that didn't work.

Then, there were the new NIP-05 providers, some understood perfectly what a NIP-05 identifier is and applied the correct nomenclature. Others misnamed it as verification, adding confusion to users. This made the problem worse on top of the popular clients showing checkmarks.

(from this point in the article we'll refer to it as a Nostr address)

And so, the scams begin

Spammers and scammers started to abuse Nostr addresses to scam people: - Some providers has been used by fake crypto airdrop bots. - A few Nostr address providers have terminated multitude of impersonating and scam identifiers over the past weeks.

This goes to show that Nostr addresses don't verify anything, they are just providers of human readable handles.

Nostr addresses can be proof of association

Nostr addresses can be a proof of association. The easiest analogy to understand is email:

jack@cash.app -> You could assume this is the Jack that works at Cash App.

jack@nostr-address-provider.example.com -> This could be any Jack.

What now?

We urge that clients stop showing a checkmark for all Nostr addresses, as they are not useful for verification.

We also urge that clients hide checkmarks for all domain names, without exception in the same way we do not show checkmarks for emails.

Lastly, NIP-05 is a nostr address and that is why we urge all clients to use the proper nomenclature.

Signed:

• Semisol, Nostr Plebs (semisol@nostrplebs.com)
• Quentin, nostrcheck.me (quentin@nostrcheck.me)
• Derek Ross, Nostr Plebs (derekross@nostrplebs.com)
• Bitcoin Nostrich, Bitcoin Nostr (BitcoinNostrich@BitcoinNostr.com)
• Remina, zaps.lol (remina@zaps.lol)
• Harry Hodler, nostr-check.com (harryhodler@nostr-check.com)

@ d61f3bc5:0da6ef4a

As Nostr continues to grow, we need to consider the reality of content moderation on such a radically open network at scale. Anyone is able to post anything to Nostr. Anyone is able to build anything on Nostr, which includes running bots basically for free. There is no central arbiter of truth. So how do we navigate all of this? How do we find signal and avoid the stuff we don’t want to see? But most importantly, how do we avoid the nightmare of centralized content moderation and censorship that plagues the legacy social media?

At Primal, we were motivated by the feedback from our users to build a new content moderation system for Nostr. We now offer moderation tools based on the wisdom of the crowd, combined with Primal’s open source spam detection algorithm. Every part of our content filtering system is now optional. We provide perfect transparency over what is being filtered and give complete control to the user. Read on to learn about how our system works.

Wisdom of the Crowd

Every Nostr user is able to define their personal mute list: accounts whose content they don’t wish to see. This simple tool is effective but laborious because the user needs to mute each non-wanted account individually. However, everyone’s mute list is public on Nostr, so we can leverage the work of other users. Primal’s content moderation system enables you to subscribe to any number of mute lists. You can select a group of people you respect and rely on their collective judgment to hide irrelevant or offensive content.

Outsourcing the moderation work to a group of people you personally selected is much better than having to do all the work yourself, but unfortunately it won’t always be sufficient. Spam bots are capable of creating millions of Nostr accounts that can infiltrate your threads faster than your network of humans is able to mute them. This is why we built a spam detection algorithm, which Primal users can subscribe to.

There Will Be Algorithms

Nostr users have a natural aversion to algorithms. Many of us are here in part because we can’t stand the manipulated feeds by the legacy social media. One of the most insidious examples of manipulation is shadowbanning: secretly reducing the visibility of an account throughout the entire site, where their posts are hidden from their followers and their replies don’t show up in conversation threads. It is understandable that many Nostr users are suspicious of algorithms to such extent that they don’t want any algorithms in their feeds. Those users will enjoy Primal’s default “Latest” feed, which simply shows the chronological list of notes by the accounts they follow. We even support viewing another user’s “Latest” feed, which enables consuming Nostr content from that person’s point of view, without any algorithmic intervention.

But algorithms are just tools, and obviously not all algorithms are bad. For example, we can use them to detect spam or not-safe-for-work content:

In our view, algos will play an important role in Nostr content moderation and discovery. We envision a future in which there is an open marketplace for algorithms, giving a range of choices to the user. At this early stage of Nostr development, it is important to consider the guiding principles for responsible and ethical use of algorithms. At Primal, we are thinking about it as follows:

1. All algorithms should be optional;
2. The user should be able to choose which algorithm will be used;
3. Algorithms should be open sourced and verifiable by anyone independently;
4. The output of each algorithm should be perfectly transparent to the user.

Perfect Transparency

Our new content moderation system enables users to easily check whether a Nostr account is included on any of the filter lists they subscribe to:

This simple search provides complete transparency regarding the inclusion of a given account in any of the active filter lists. Beyond that, it would be helpful to provide all filter lists in their entirety. Note that this is not trivial to do because these lists can get quite large. Our goal is to provide them in the most efficient way possible. We are working on exposing them via Nostr Data Vending Machines; stay tuned for more information on this in the coming days.

Complete Control

The user should always have the final word on filtering. If after configuring all the filtering settings to your liking, you find that some legitimate accounts are being filtered, you can specify your “never filter” allowlist, which will override all filtering. We are persisting this allowlist as a standard Nostr categorized people list (kind: 30000), so that other Nostr clients can leverage it as well. In addition, everyone you follow will automatically be excluded from all filtering.

Open Source FTW

At Primal, we do two things:

1. We build open source software for Nostr
2. We run a service for Nostr users, powered by our software

Every part of Primal’s technology stack is open sourced under the most-permissive MIT license. Anyone is free to stand up a service based on our software, fork it, make modifications to it, and add new features to it.

We run our service based on the policies we established as appropriate for Primal. Others can stand up services powered by our software and choose a different set of policies. Users are free to choose the service that best suits their needs. They can move between clients and services without any friction. This unprecedented level of user empowerment is what attracted most of us to Nostr. At Primal, we think that Nostr will change everything. We will continue to work tirelessly every day to keep making it better. 🤙💜

Please note: The entire Primal technology stack is still in preview. Just like everything else, the content moderation system is a work in progress. Thank you for helping us test it. Please keep the feedback coming. Let us know what’s not working and what we can improve.

@ 06830f6c:34da40c5

Mwongozo huu unapatikana katika:

Kifaransa: Guide de bienvenue sur Nostr shukrani kwa cgi-bin

Kichina: 欢迎來到Nostr shukrani kwa Sherry

Kiswidi: Välkommen hadi Nostr shukrani kwa 2cad5a48...0b4aeeec

Kihispania: Bienvenido a Nostr shukrani kwa quentin

Kiholanzi: Welkom bij Nostr shukrani kwa Sync

Kiarabu: أهلا بك في نوستر Nostr shukrani kwa Tkay_88

Kijerumani: Willkommen zu Nostr shukrani kwa 42N3

Kijapani: ようこそ Nostrへ shukrani kwa yutaro

Kiajemi: به ناستر خوش آمدید shukrani kwa LifeLoveLiberty

Kiitaliano: Guide de bienvenue sur Nostr shukrani kwa smaciu

Kirusi: Nostr за 5 минут na Tony

Habari, Nostrich mwenzangu!

Nostr ni jambo jipya kabisa na kuna hatua chache ambazo zitafanya upandaji wako uwe rahisi zaidi na uzoefu wako kuwa mzuri zaidi.

👋 Karibu

Kwa kuwa unasoma hili, ni salama kudhani kuwa tayari umejiunga na Nostr kwa kupakua programu (k.m. Damus, Amethyst, Plebstr) ya kifaa chako cha mkononi au kufungua kiteja cha wavuti cha Nostr (k.m. snort.social, Nostrgram, Iris). Ni muhimu kwa mgeni kufuata hatua zilizopendekezwa na programu unayopenda - utaratibu wa kukaribisha hutoa misingi yote, na hutalazimika kufanya urekebishaji zaidi isipokuwa ikiwa unataka kweli. Ikiwa umejikwaa kwenye chapisho hili, lakini huna "akaunti" ya Nostr bado, unaweza kufuata mwongozo huu rahisi wa hatua kwa hatua na melissa.

🤙 Kuwa na furaha

Nostr imeundwa ili kuhakikisha watu wanaweza kuunganishwa, kusikilizwa, na kufurahiya njiani. Hili ndilo jambo zima (ni wazi, kuna idadi kubwa ya kesi za utumiaji mbaya, kama vile kuwa chombo cha wapigania uhuru na wafichua siri, lakini hiyo inastahili kifungu tofauti), kwa hivyo ikiwa unahisi kama kitu chochote ni kizito, tafadhali wasiliana na pua zenye uzoefu zaidi na tutafurahi kusaidia. Kuingiliana na Nostr sio ngumu hata kidogo, lakini ina sifa chache tu ikilinganishwa na mifumo ya kitamaduni, kwa hivyo ni sawa (na kutiwa moyo) kuuliza maswali.

Hapa kuna orodha isiyo rasmi ya mabalozi wa Nostr ambao watafurahi kukusaidia kuingia:

⚡️ Washa Zaps

Zaps ni mojawapo ya tofauti za kwanza ambazo mtu anaweza kuona baada ya kujiunga na Nostr. Huruhusu watumiaji wa Nostr kutuma thamani papo hapo na kusaidia uundaji wa maudhui muhimu na ya kufurahisha. Hii inawezekana shukrani kwa Bitcoin na Mtandao wa Umeme. Itifaki hizi za malipo zilizogatuliwa hukuruhusu kutuma seti papo hapo (kitengo kidogo zaidi kwenye mtandao wa Bitcoin) kwa urahisi kama vile kupenda chapisho la mtu kwenye majukwaa ya kitamaduni ya mitandao ya kijamii. Tunauita mtindo huu Value-4-Value na unaweza kupata zaidi kuhusu mtindo huu wa mwisho wa uchumaji wa mapato hapa: https://dergigi.com/value/

Angalia dokezo hili la DerekRoss ambalo ni utangulizi mzuri wa zaps ni nini.

Unapaswa kuwasha Zaps hata kama hujioni kuwa mtayarishaji wa maudhui - watu watapata baadhi ya madokezo yako kuwa ya thamani na wanaweza kutaka kukutumia sati. Njia rahisi zaidi ya kuanza kupokea thamani kwenye Nostr onley inachukua hatua

1. Pakua Wallet ya Satoshi - pengine chaguo bora zaidi kwa wale ambao ni wapya kwa Bitcoin na Umeme kwa kifaa chako cha mkononi.1 Kumbuka kuwa kuna pochi nyingi zaidi na unakaribishwa kuchagua ile inayokufaa zaidi. Pia, usisahau kurudi na kuhifadhi nakala ya pochi yako.
2. Gonga "Pokea"
3. Gonga Anwani ya Umeme unayoona kwenye skrini (mfuatano unaofanana na barua pepe) ili unakili kwenye ubao wa kunakili.
4. Bandika anwani iliyonakiliwa kwenye sehemu inayolingana katika kiteja chako cha Nostr (sehemu inaweza kusema "Anwani ya Umeme ya Bitcoin", "Anwani ya LN" au kitu chochote kando ya njia hizo kulingana na programu.)

📫 Pata anwani ya Nostr

Anwani ya Nostr, ambayo mara nyingi hujulikana kama "kitambulisho cha NIP-05" na Nostr OGs, inaonekana kama barua pepe na:

🔍 Hukusaidia kufanya akaunti yako iwe rahisi kugundua na kushiriki ✔️ Hutumika kama uthibitisho kuwa wewe ni binadamu

Hapa kuna mfano wa anwani ya Nostr: Tony@nostr.21ideas.org Ni rahisi kukariri na baadaye kubandika kwenye programu yoyote ya Nostr ili kupata mtumiaji anayelingana.

Ili kupata anwani ya Nostr unaweza kutumia huduma isiyolipishwa kama vile Nostr Check (na quentin) au inayolipishwa kama Nostr Plebs (na DerekRoss). Zote zinatoa manufaa tofauti, na ni juu yako kuamua ni lipi utakalotumia. Njia nyingine ya kupata anwani ya Nostr ni kutumia kiendelezi cha kivinjari. Pata maelezo zaidi kuhusu mbinu hii hapa) .

🙇‍♀️ Jifunze mambo ya msingi

Chini ya kofia Nostr ni tofauti sana na majukwaa ya kitamaduni ya kijamii, kwa hivyo kupata ufahamu wa kimsingi wa inahusu nini itakuwa ya faida kwa mgeni yeyote. Usinielewe vibaya, sikupendekezi ujifunze lugha ya programu au maelezo ya kiufundi ya itifaki. Ninamaanisha kuwa kuona picha kubwa na kuelewa tofauti kati ya Nostr na Twitter / Medium / Reddit itasaidia sana. Kwa mfano, hakuna nywila na kuingia, una funguo za kibinafsi na za umma badala yake. Sitaingia ndani kwa undani, kwa sababu kuna rasilimali nyingi ambazo zitakusaidia kusumbua Nostr. Wote wanaostahiki umakini wako wamekusanyika kwenye ukurasa huu wa kutua ulioandaliwa vizuri ulioandaliwa na Bevo na 💜 Maelezo yaliyotolewa na nyenzo zilizotajwa pia yatakusaidia kulinda funguo zako za Nostr (yaani akaunti yako), kwa hivyo ni muhimu kuangalia.

🤝 Unganisha

Uwezo wa kuungana na watu mahiri [^3] ndio hufanya Nostr kuwa maalum. Hapa kila mtu anaweza kusikilizwa na hakuna anayeweza kutengwa. Kuna njia chache rahisi za kupata watu wanaovutia kwenye Nostr:

• Tafuta watu unaowafuata kwenye Twitter: https://www.nostr.directory/ ni zana nzuri kwa hilo.

• Fuata watu wanaofuatwa na watu unaowaamini: Tembelea wasifu wa mtu anayeshiriki mambo yanayokuvutia, angalia orodha ya watu wanaowafuata na uungane nao.

• Tumia #hashtag: Lebo za reli ni njia nzuri ya kuzingatia mada unazopenda. Gusa tu #hashtag unayopata ya kuvutia na utaona vidokezo zaidi vinavyohusiana na mada. Unaweza pia kutafuta lebo za reli kwenye programu unayotumia. Usisahau kutumia lebo za reli unapotunga madokezo ili kuongeza uwezo wa kutambulika.

🗺️ Gundua

Hatua 5 zilizotajwa ni mwanzo mzuri ambao utaboresha matumizi yako kwa kiasi kikubwa, lakini kuna mengi zaidi ya kugundua na kufurahia! Nostr sio mbadala wa Twitter, uwezekano wake ni mdogo tu na mawazo. Angalia orodha ya miradi ya Nostr ya kufurahisha na muhimu:

• https://nostrapps.com/ orodha ya programu za Nostr

• https://nostrplebs.com/ pata NIP-05 yako na manufaa mengine ya Nostr (yanayolipwa)

• https://nostrcheck.me/ Anwani ya Nostr, upakiaji wa midia, relay

• https://nostr.build/ pakia na udhibiti midia (na zaidi)

• https://nostr.band/ Mtandao wa Nostr na maelezo ya mtumiaji

• https://zaplife.lol/ akwimu za kuzidisha

• https://nostrit.com/ maelezo ya ratiba

• https://nostrnests.com/ Nafasi za Twitter 2.0

• https://nostryfied.online/ hifadhi nakala ya maelezo yako ya Nostr

• https://www.wavman.app/ Kicheza muziki cha Nostr

📻 Relays

Baada ya kufahamiana na Nostr hakikisha uangalie mwongozo wangu wa haraka kwenye relay za Nostr: https://lnshort.it/nostr-relays. Sio mada ya kuwa na wasiwasi mwanzoni mwa safari yako, lakini hakika ni muhimu kuzama baadaye.

📱 Nostr kwenye simu ya mkononi

Uzoefu wa Smooth Nostr kwenye vifaa vya rununu unawezekana. Mwongozo huu utakusaidia kuingia kwa urahisi, kuchapisha, zap, na zaidi ndani ya programu za wavuti za Nostr kwenye simu yako mahiri: https://lnshort.it/nostr-mobile

Asante kwa kusoma na kukuona upande wa pili wa shimo la sungura.

Tony

Maelezo ya chini

1. Usisahau ↩

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Para Hartmut Rosa, a ressonância é o próprio processo por meio do qual somos formados como sujeitos e por meio dos quais o mundo que encontramos e experimentamos é constituído. Em outras palavras, somos uma produção complexa que emerge dos fenômenos que nos conectamos, ainda que involuntariamente.

Nesse sentido, ressonância é um fenômeno que não pode ser produzido artificialmente, acontece na complexidade da existência humana e pode ser entendida como fundamento das relações humanas bem-sucedidas com o mundo. Se a ressonância humana é aquilo que dá sentido e satisfação, o seu contrário pode ser entendido como alienação ou reificação. Na alienação, o sujeito e o mundo se colocam um ante o outro, desconectados, não reconhecíveis entre si, reificados.

Nesse sentido, alienação ou reificação é possibilidade para o adoecimento psicológico das pessoas e da própria sociedade. Entre as diversas reflexões propostas por Hartmut Rosa, é possível interpretar que a aceleração da sociedade, com pessoas cada vez mais atarefadas, sem tempo para sí, sem conseguir se conectar de forma responsiva e mais profunda com o mundo e seu entorno, podemos nos tornar enquanto sociedade, um conjunto de pessoas cada vez mais insensíveis, superficiais e ansiosas, nessa perspectiva, pessoas reificadas ou alienadas.

Se este assunto lhe interesse, pode ser produtivo acessar a entrevista de Hartmut Rosa clicando em https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_drcyBuzCN902gfw0pRaMVtRRzzjgZ7T/view?usp=sharing

@ 34c0a532:5d3638e4

Most bitcoiners have their own, much different definition of what it means to orange pill a person. I’ve seen mentions of getting a taxi driver to download a lightning wallet and sending the payment in sats to them. Is that truly orange-pilling? Hmm… no. It is a great first step, but what makes you believe that that person won’t go on to shitcoins after learning about the ease of using cryptocurrency?

So, let’s define what that is in the terms of this guide.

To orange pill someone means to get them to take the first step into learning about bitcoin, money, self-custody, being sovereign, and to teach them to start questioning the world of lies we’ve been fed our entire lives.

Too poetic? Okay, here’s a more specific one:

To orange pill someone means showing them how to send and receive a bitcoin transaction, explain to them the importance of keeping their seed words safe, and showing them more articles, books and guides so they can go further down the rabbit hole.

I think that’s better, don’t you?

No matter what your definition of orange-pilling is, let’s discuss a few things first.

Orange-pilling comes from the scene in the Matrix where Morpheus offers the blue and the red pill to Neo.

This your last chance. After this there is no turning back. You take the blue pill, the story ends. You wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to. You take the red pill, you stay in Wonderland, and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes. Remember, all I’m offering is the truth. Nothing more. ~ Morpheus

The fact that the terms comes from the Matrix is absolutely perfect, because the Matrix is based on Plato’s Allegory of the Cave. Everybody knows the Matrix so let’s talk about the Cave. Inside the cave, people are chained up, in the dark. The only thing they can do is talk to each other and stare forward, where there’s a dim light on the cave’s wall. Someone is moving around objects, throwing shadows on the wall. The people can never see the three-dimensional object, they can only see a shadow, a projection of it, so their world is limited by that knowledge.

Someday a group of people manage to break out of the Cave. They go out into the light, their eyes hurt, the world is massive, they get a panic attack by the lack of a rock ceiling on top of them. It’s vast, it’s too much to bear. And they run back into the cave and tell everyone what they saw, that it’s too bright, too open, too much everything. Objects are real, there’s light everywhere and colours. So many colours, not just the flame, the rock and the shadow.

And they don’t believe them. Maybe they even get angry at them and attack them. Who are these fools to claim that the world is not what they think it is? Who are they to suggest that we’ve all been lied to all our lives?

And that’s the first thing you need to keep in mind when trying to orange pill someone.

Why do some people find it so hard to believe in bitcoin?

The answer is simple. It’s because understanding bitcoin requires acknowledging you’ve been tricked your entire life.

The culture shock is real, I’ve been through it. The stages are as follows:

What is money? You start to learn what money really is, and how fundamentally flawed the Keynesian system has become. You see that the only way forward is by a hard money standard, whether that’s gold or bitcoin. Then you realise that in a world of information, the only logical step is bitcoin. Then why bitcoin? You start to read about it’s properties. It’s antifragile, decentralised. Why is that important? Nobody can control, it great. Why is it like gold that can be attached to an email? Then there’s the anger and disbelief. We’ve been fooled. Why doesn’t everybody see this? You read everything about bitcoin, you listen to podcasts, talk on bitcoin twitter and nostr with other plebs. Nobody seems to have all the answers but they make far more sense than the lies of the mainstream media. You talk to your friends and family, you come off as crazy at best. As I said, you have to acknowledge the trauma the other person is going through. It’s a culture shock, and not many want to go through with it. Think of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, people who got out into the world went back and told everyone that there’s more to life than the shadows on the wall. Or, the same allegory being told by the Matrix, with Cypher wanting to go back, to forget.

We call that Bitcoin Derangement Syndrome, BDS. It’s hilarious but it’s so real. Many early bitcoiners, people who have spend years of their lives either advocating for it or working on it, some making or losing fortunes in the process, go back to the fiat world, shift gears completely, rant and rave against bitcoin and dive back in the Matrix, the Cave, taking the blue pill. They want to be fiat rich, they lie and delude themselves that everything is okay in the world and if they get just enough money they’d be okay.

But they won’t. This is real, and no matter how many lies they tell themselves things will not change unless we change them ourselves. Babies are dying, that’s true. In wars, in artificially induced poverty, in carrying on with the Keynesian ways of thinking of endless imperial expansion and exploitation.

I’ll be honest, bitcoin rewires your brain.

Do you really wanna force that on people?

Yes?

Then let’s read on.

Why is it sometimes so hard to explain, persuade or convince people about bitcoin? Here’s a harsh truth. It’s because you’re the counterparty risk.

When your car breaks down, you go to a mechanic, you seek expert knowledge. He tells you what’s wrong and you generally accept it. Why? Because unless you’re an expert on cars, you don’t have pre-existing knowledge about this specific situation. Nature abhors a vacuum. The mechanic’s knowledge and expertise fills up that vacuum of knowledge.

Why is it different with bitcoin, then?

Because most people believe they already understand money. There’s no vacuum for their knowledge to fill. Like a woman going to a male gynecologist thinking she knows better because she’s the one with the female body, a nocoiner believes they know better because, see? They have been handling and making money all their lives! Who are you to claim things aren’t how they used to think they are?

Yes, sure. You’re the one with the female body, you’re the one with the wallet. But have you actually taken the time to study it? Have you invested the necessary six years in medical school or the 100 hours it takes to grasp bitcoin?

No.

But they don’t accept that. When you make statements about bitcoin, it collides with their pre-existing frame of reference. When that happens, their mind reflexively casts doubts on the new information, actively fights it and rejects it, because it doesn’t conform to what they know. Their mind is the bearer asset, you are the counterparty risk.

Okay, great. How do you overcome this, then?

By taking the time with them. You can’t force someone to get orange-pilled, it’s not shoving knowledge down their throats. They have to do it themselves, so you start small. Plant a seed. Make them question what they know. That tiny seed, just like in Inception, will grow and push aside the other propaganda in their minds, leaving some space for new information to fill the void.

“Why did they stop having money backed by gold?”

That’s one seed.

“Who prints all these new billions?”

Another. Take your pick, it depends on the person you’re talking to.

A good question makes the nocoiner access their accepted knowledge. They usually think they have the answer and you should listen to it, not shutting it down. Ask them to research it further, to back their claims, to look things up. If they don’t have the knowledge, a new vacuum is created and their curiosity will want to fill it up.

Nocoiner: Bitcoin isn’t backed by anything.

You: Okay. Then what would make good money in its place?

Make them talk by asking questions. As they talk, they’ll realise they have massive gaps in their knowledge. You can help them then, but they themselves have to fill up those gaps by asking more questions and getting them to talk more. Why? Because if someone tells something to themselves they will believe it much easier than having you say it to them. Try and lead them to conclusion, a revelation.

When persuading someone, the person talking the most is the one really getting persuaded. Why? Because when you talk you engrave those words into your brain as facts.

Nocoiner: Bitcoin wastes too much energy.

You: How do you determine how much is too much energy to use?

You will never change their minds, they have to change it themselves. You can only help show them the way, they’re the ones that have to do it. Questions are the key to that process.

Tell them less, ask more.

What questions make people curious about bitcoin? You never know, it depends on what ails the person. Think about their pain. If they’re living in Turkey or Argentina, for example, their pain is massive inflation. You might say, “You’re already using USD to protect your monetary value against inflation, right? How about adding BTC to the mix?”

People in those countries generally grasp this concept a lot quicker. The local lira is the crap kind of money, they spend it often. The USD is the good kind of money, they save it, spending it only when absolutely necessary. And gold is the best kind, keeping it hidden in safes and mattresses. Only to be spent in an emergency. They don’t have the financial privilege to insulate them from the need for bitcoin, they already get these layers of hardness in their money, so bitcoin is a lot easier for them.

“What is money?” is another good question. Most people will answer it, and of course it will be flawed and all over the place. Then you might say, “It’s the promise of future value,” and then discuss how bitcoin has a monetary policy that’s planned out for the next 120 years and how nodes and miners facilitate that design. And especially point out how hard it is to change.

“What happened in 1971?” That’s a good one. Get them to look up the fiat monetary system and figure out how it’s not backed by anything. Get them angry at the Keynesian economists, how they’ve ruined entire countries. 2008 money crisis? Inevitable, under the fiat standard. Forget about bitcoin, point your finger towards the rot. It’s all historical fact, they can’t call you a conspiracy theorist. Most people still think that money is backed by gold. Get them to tell it to other people, see their reactions.

This was a part of my guide. Let me know what you think. Soon to be posted at https://georgesaoulidis.com/how-to-orange-pill-people/

@ 06830f6c:34da40c5

YakiHonne is a Nostr-based decentralized content media protocol, which supports free curation, creation, publishing, and reporting by various media. They are continuously improving to offer a top-notch user experience. Recently , they have added multiple features to their platform to allow ease of use. Here are some of the most recent updates that they have :

1. Bookmarks: I really appreciate the new way to bookmark content in the app. It's much easier to find and manage my bookmarks now. I also like that I can now keep my bookmarks organized. This feature is very intuitive and easy to use.
2. Comments replies thread: The new comments replies thread is much easier to follow than the old one. I can now easily see all of the replies to a comment, even if they are nested. This is a great way to stay up-to-date on conversations.
3. Sensitive content: I'm glad that you have added a way to flag sensitive content in the app. This is a helpful way to protect users from harmful or offensive content. I also like that you have made it easy to report sensitive content.
4. Reports counter: The new reports counter is more accurate and up-to-date. This is a great improvement, as it makes it easier to track the number of reports that have been submitted.
5. Images upload: The new images upload process is more streamlined and efficient. This is a welcome improvement, as it makes it easier to add images to reports.
6. Uploads history: The new uploads history is easier to view and navigate. This is a helpful improvement, as it makes it easier to find and access past reports.
7. Search: The search results are more relevant and accurate. I am now able to find the information I need more quickly and easily.
8. Math equations: equations are more readable and understandable. The symbols and formatting are now consistent, and I can easily see how the equations are related to each other.

Overall, I am very impressed with the improvements and i hope this feedback is useful.

@ aa55a479:f7598935

Nostrica is the shit.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

A tecnologia, em especial no campo da comunicação, é sem dúvida uma mudança significativa na história da humanidade. No entanto, nem tudo é positivo. Cada dia cresce o número de novas doenças e com uma quantidade considerável de pessoas afetadas. Outra questão interessante é o fato da tecnologia mudar nossa forma de viver, nosso comportamento e a maneira como percebemos o mundo.

Uma das doenças que vem chamando atenção é a síndrome da hipersensibilidade eletromagnética, reconhecida oficialmente pela primeira vez na Suécia em 1995, essa doença causa uma série de transtornos e inviabiliza que a pessoa tenha uma vida normal. É um tipo de sensibilidade (alergia) que causa fortes dores em algumas partes do corpo quando a pessoa está próxima de uma onda de rádio, também chamada de emissão eletromagnética. Praticamente em todos os lugares existem celulares e wi-fi. Com isso fica difícil para as pessoas com hipersensibilidade ao eletromagnetismo encontrarem um lugar tranquilo para viver.

Um outro problema grave com a hipersensibilidade eletromagnética é o isolamento social, já que a pessoa não consegue conviver nos mesmos ambientes que a maioria. Deixando muitas vezes seus familiares para residir em locais que possam ser afastados de qualquer tecnologia de rádio, em especial torres de celular e wi-fi. Com a falta de estudos para comprovar oficialmente se é um problema orgânico ou algo psicológico, as pessoas que sofrem dessa síndrome não possuem apoio oficial em alguns países, não existindo com isso um tratamento adequado que possa ajudar essas pessoas.

Insônia, alterações de humor, dores no corpo, forte enxaqueca, náuseas e diversos outros sintomas que causam mal-estar podem ser ocasionados por alguma sensibilidade da pessoa ao eletromagnetismo. Um teste simples e geralmente recomendado pelos centros especializados é se afastar dos eletrônicos e procurar ficar uns dias em algum local mais isolado, longe de tecnologias. Se os sintomas sumirem e aparecerem sempre que se está próximo de alguma emissão de rádio, pode ser um caso de hipersensibilidade ao eletromagnetismo.

Não conseguir ficar longe da tecnologia também pode ser uma nova doença, chamada de dependência ou vício em tecnologias. Nesses casos, os usuários não conseguem se afastar do celular, da internet ou do jogo preferido. Possuem uma compulsão em se manterem próximos ao equipamento, se isolando socialmente e em muitos casos ficam horas ou dias sem se alimentar, locomover ou mesmo ir ao banheiro. Entre essas dependências tecnológicas está a Nomofobia, que é um medo desesperador de perder o celular. O termo Nomofobia é uma abreviatura de “no-mobile phobia” em outras palavras, medo de ficar sem telefone móvel.

O excesso de uso tecnológico também provoca outras doenças como a Síndrome do Olho Seco. Como algumas pessoas passam muito tempo olhando para as telinhas, monitores, display e televisão é comum que os olhos fiquem esgotados. Ardor, irritação, sensação de areia nos olhos, dificuldade para ficar em lugares com ar condicionado ou em frente do computador e olhos embaçados ao final do dia são alguns indícios de potenciais problemas oculares. Tais problemas podem causar lesões e prejudicar a visão, em alguns casos, permanentemente.

Outro problema físico muito comum com o uso excessivo de tecnologias é a tendinite, ou ainda, Whatsappinite, Nintendinite, playstationite e assim por diante. Esses termos se referem ao processo de inflamação de certas partes da mão devido ao tempo excessivo de uso. Ficar teclando muito tempo no celular ou no Joystick pode causar inflamação de alguns dedos da mão. Além da mão a perda auditiva também vem crescendo com o uso abusivo de fones de ouvido. Sons em nível máximo quando usados por muito tempo podem comprometer a capacidade auditiva.

A lista de doenças vem crescendo, principalmente quanto às fobias. Como a Selfie Phobia que é o medo de tirar fotos de si mesmo, ou ainda a Expirar Fobia, um medo persistente de esquecer de renovar um nome de domínio. Também tem a Thread Phobia, que é o medo de comentar uma história. Tem ainda, a depressão causada pelas redes sociais, onde o usuário ao se deparar com muitas postagens de pessoas felizes acaba se convencendo que sua vida é ruim e se deprime.

Assim como o chamado efeito Google, onde uma pessoa pode desestimular sua memória ao saber que tudo pode ser encontrado na internet e assim perder o sentido de aprender ou melhorar seus conhecimentos. Não podemos deixar de fora a Síndrome do toque fantasma, ocorre quando o cérebro faz com que você pense que seu celular está vibrando no seu bolso.

Uma doença associada aos buscadores é a hipocondria digital, também chamada de cibercondria. O hipocondríaco é uma pessoa que possui um estado psíquico em que adquire a crença infundada de que padece de uma doença grave. Na cibercondria as pessoas acessam pela internet informações médicas e fazem um auto diagnóstico, adquirem a crença que possuem a doença observada na internet e sofrem muito com isso.

A tecnologia é muito boa, mas quando usada com cautela. Para aprofundar seu conhecimento, separemos um artigo acadêmico para você. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_7cGcReQjckLuDJ7PRF_j-CykwFP1cpj/view?usp=sharing

@ 00000001:a21169a7

The annals of photography history are dotted with names that have profoundly transformed both the medium and the way we perceive our surroundings. Foremost among these luminaries is Garry Winogrand, whose legacy endures as one of the most defining exponents of street photography. But what underpins his style, and what renders his work perennially iconic?

Nurturing Influences and Pedagogy

Before delving into Winogrand's aesthetic realm, it's crucial to comprehend the milieu that nourished his vision. Educated in the wisdom of Alexey Brodovitch and drawing from the legacies of Walker Evans, Robert Frank, and significantly, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Winogrand nurtured a distinctive approach to photography. While Cartier-Bresson championed the notion of "The Decisive Moment", Winogrand immersed himself deeper in immediacy, spontaneity, and sheer authenticity.

The Aesthetics of Turbulence and Daily Life

What is notably salient in Winogrand's oeuvre is his abdication of traditionally "pretty" aesthetics. He reveled instead in the tumult, chaos, and freneticism of daily life. His snapshots, often taken in haste and with a tilted horizon, convey a tangible energy, thrusting the viewer into the heart of the action. This skewed horizon, though disorienting to some, is a hallmark that lends dynamism and challenges convention.

His choice of apparatus—a Leica M4 paired with a prefocused wide-angle lens—speaks to his intent to seize fleeting moments, those that dissipate as swiftly as they manifest. He was not ensnared by technical perfection but was ensorcelled by raw emotion and underlying narrative.

A Panoramic View of North America

Winogrand's craft is essentially a tapestry of North America during the 60s and 70s. Much like Robert Frank before him, Winogrand encapsulated the essence, contradictions, and complexities of a transitioning nation. Beyond mere documentation, he pondered the role of mass media in sculpting perceptions and attitudes.

Immediacy as the Essence

Much of Winogrand's allure lies in his ability to be profoundly present. His "shoot from the hip" style, paired with his astute anticipatory prowess, ensures his photographs resonate with a refreshing authenticity, even decades on.

Moreover, his ventures, whether "The Animals" or "The Fort Worth Fat Stock Show and Rodeo", aren't mere assortments of images. They are profound commentaries on society and the human state, testimonials to his ability to peer beyond the veneer and unearth profound significance in the mundane.

In Summation

Winogrand's adage, "I photograph to see what the world looks like in photographs," encapsulates his philosophy toward the art form. He wasn’t endeavoring to craft a reality but to uncover how that reality unveils itself through the lens.

Garry Winogrand, with his renunciation of traditional perfection and his ardor for spontaneity, reshapes our understanding of what it means to be a photographer. His legacy serves as a poignant reminder that beauty often emerges from the unlikeliest of places, and authenticity invariably eclipses contrivance.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Feuerbach afirma ser Deus uma construção do homem, que primeiramente transporta para fora de si sua essência, depositando em Deus, para depois encontrá-la na negação. Neste sentido a teologia pode ser reduzida à antropologia onde o homem afirma em Deus o que ele nega em si mesmo, promovendo assim um relacionamento com sua própria essência.

O autor entende que a religião é a essência infantil da humanidade assim como a crença da revelação é também uma crença infantil e respeitável enquanto infantil, no entanto, quando a religião vai adquirindo o uso da razão ela se torna teologia fundamentada por uma filosofia especulativa, e como tal, é intencional e busca dar tudo a Deus empobrecendo e negando o homem.

O culto aos animais e à natureza em geral não nos mostra somente o estágio prático da cultura de um povo, mas também sua natureza teorética, seu estágio espiritual em geral; porque, enquanto o homem adora animais e plantas, não é ainda um homem, identifica-se pois com os animais e as plantas, estes são para eles ora seres humanos, ora sobre-humanos.

Para Feuerbach o homem deve afirmar-se em sua totalidade suplantando a Deus e se apropriando dos seus atributos que nunca deixaram de ser os da humanidade, desta forma, o homem se libertará de uma ficção alienadora e paralisante. Negando a essência de um Deus transcendente e pessoal, Feuerbach se opõe à concepção cristã de divindade, ocasião em que assume uma postura denominada de ateísmo antropológico.

O ateísmo antropológico expressado por Feuerbach tem como principal argumento o fato da religião ser algo especificamente humano e por isso possui sua razão de ser na essência do homem, sendo assim, é a percepção desta essência humana universal o fundamento e o objeto da religião, onde, o homem cria Deus conforme a sua imagem e a teologia se torna uma mina de mentiras e ilusões perniciosas, pelas diferenças que estabelece entre Deus e os homens que em estado de subordinação devem obediência a um ser superior puramente ilusório.

A água é um produto natural indispensável ao homem; o vinho e o pão são produtos naturais transformados pelo homem, mas também são importantes para sua sobrevivência. Assim, ele comenta, adoramos na água a pura energia natural, no vinho e pão a energia sobrenatural do espírito, da consciência, do homem.

Esta ilusão se fundamenta não só na idéia de Deus, mas também na crença da vida eterna, na ressurreição e no além, negando desta forma as necessidades humanas e oferecendo ilusões que distanciam os homens de suas tarefas cotidianas, afastando-lhes da realidade concreta por conta da espera de um mundo imaginário, neste sentido, a teologia é um esvaziamento do homem que, pensando em Deus pensa apenas a si mesmo de uma forma alienada.

A respeito da influência de Feuerbach Urbano Zilles afirma que: Tornou-se o pai do ateísmo moderno. Sua influência passa, através de K. Marx, F. Engels, M. Stirner a F. W. Nietzsche até concepções imanentistas do homem nas filosofias contemporâneas, na idéia de que o homem só é homem na relação com o tu anunciam-se, outrossim, motivos das filosofias da existência e do personalismo contemporâneo.

O ateísmo de Feuerbach é excludente já que tem como proposta aceitar ou o homem ou Deus, neste sentido, o autor opta pela afirmação do homem e conseqüentemente pela negação de Deus, onde para Feuerbach, a essência humana universal é percebida no gênero humano enquanto comunidade e relação social, ou seja, é das características genéricas que constituem a humanidade do homem enquanto sociedade que observamos a essência humana universal. O autor entende que esta essência humana é constituída de razão, vontade e pelo coração.

Tais características não são plenas, mas o homem participa e se define mediante elas, onde se constituem os princípios que animam e determinam o homem.

Religião enquanto movimento antropológico assume um aspecto positivo por ser um momento no processo de conscientização humana em direção a valorização do humano como ser histórico-social. No entanto é negativo enquanto teologia por caracterizar-se como filosofia especulativa e intencional, perdendo a essência infantil da humanidade, proporcionando desta forma, uma dominação alienadora.

Sobre esta questão, Manfredo A. de Oliveira afirma que: Neste sentido, mesmo que tudo se encaminhe para uma negação, o levantamento da questão de Deus se manifesta como momento necessário no processo de auto-realização do homem, já que em virtude da tensão existencial entre indivíduo e espécie, só através da reflexão conscientizadora o homem se vai poder liberar da ilusão alienante da religião.

Este movimento de ascensão do homem constituído na sua historicidade e no processo de suas relações sociais, valorizando a subjetividade, é o ponto culminante da filosofia de Feuerbach com seu antropocentrismo radical, onde o homem é a medida de todas as coisas e da própria realidade. No entanto, existem outras interpretações sobre Feuerbach.

Separamos para o aprofundamento de sua reflexão, um artigo acadêmico que pode ser acessado em https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yAsYPYd8xyN-3du977rQYhUTX8wFNFt3/view?usp=sharing

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A Orquídea Dracula Símia, também chamada de orquídea macaco, realmente parece imitar a cara de um macaco. Esta é uma daquelas coisas curiosas encontradas na natureza, onde é difícil não ficar impressionado com a beleza desta orquídea. Como ela é encontrada na natureza em regiões de grande altitude, entre 1000 e 2000 metros, não é fácil conseguir uma. A planta foi descoberta em 1978 nas florestas tropicais no Equador e Peru pelo botânico e naturalista Hugo Gunkel Luer.

A orquídea macaco é um daqueles fenômenos onde atribuímos significado aos eventos que nos cercam, chamado de pareidolia. Além de identificar sons e imagens, naturalmente atribuímos significado a qualquer evento/estímulo que presenciamos. Isso nos faz enxergar ou escutar coisas improváveis.

Na computação quando desejamos que um aplicativo identifique algo, usamos em alguns casos, métodos de comparação por características. Na identificação biométrica, por exemplo, o usuário cadastra características de sua digital em um banco de dados. Posteriormente, quando posicionar seu dedo sobre o display, o programa identifica a quem pertence aquela digital.

Em alguns casos nosso cérebro faz algo semelhante, ao observar certos eventos, ele acessa nossa memória e faz comparações buscando sinais do que está vendo para identificar o que está ocorrendo. Dependendo da intensidade que cada evento exerce em nós, ocorre a certeza sobre o que se está observando.

A técnica é simples, basicamente nosso cérebro compara uma certa quantidade de sinais que possuem um objeto e gera uma identificação significativa. Conforme nossas crenças e vivências. Por exemplo, todo dia lidamos com vários rostos. Esses são formados por um conjunto simétrico de quatro sinais, dois olhos, um nariz e a boca. Se você enxergar um rosto nas imagens abaixo. Acredite, é devido ao fato do seu cérebro pegar certas características básicas que possui um rosto e atribuir este significado. Mesmo que você saiba que estes objetos não têm realmente um rosto, vai perceber a semelhança.

Esse método de atribuição de significado por semelhança, estimula lembranças na memória dependendo do contexto. Fazendo com que alguns rabiscos possam ser percebidos como representação de alguém que conhecemos.

Outro exemplo de pareidolia ocorre quando, após terminar de assistir um filme de terror, percebemos "coisas estranhas” no ambiente, principalmente se a luz estiver apagada. Um bom exemplo são imagens largamente conhecidas devido sua popularidade. Como o rosto de cristo, anjos, monstros e assim por diante. Você enxerga alguma imagem religiosa nas fotos abaixo? Se enxergar, provavelmente é a Pareidolia em funcionamento, uma técnica do cérebro para reconhecer algo comparando informações guardadas em sua memória.

Resumindo: Pareidolia é um fenômeno psicológico comum em todos os seres humanos, conhecido por fazer as pessoas reconhecerem imagens de rostos humanos ou animais em objetos, sombras, formações de luzes e em qualquer outro estímulo visual aleatório.

Uma forma interessante de abordar o fenômeno, consiste na pareidolia aplicada à pintura. Acesse em um dos servidores abaixo um artigo acadêmico que separamos para você.

https://www.revistas.udesc.br/index.php/ciclos/article/view/3556/3008

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Você lembra do ED? Os chatterbots brasileiros são poucos e os que estão em funcionamento geralmente são projetos comerciais destinados a publicidade ou atendimento do público. Robôs do diálogo em educação, com o papel de falar sobre cultura e informações científicas, são poucos.

ED foi um chatterbot agradável e educativo, ele conseguia conversar sobre diversas questões embora fosse focado em temas sobre o desenvolvimento de energia sustentável e meio ambiente. O Robô Ed foi desenvolvido em 2004 com a tecnologia InBot.

O projeto era administrado via (CONPET/Petrobras) e o robô ED já fez declarações polêmicas que geraram até pedido de investigação no senado em 2011. A questão é que os políticos podem não ter conseguido usar de forma ética o robozinho educativo.

O desenvolvimento do personagem-robô "Ed" feito pela empresa Insite para a Petrobras, envolveu uma equipe multidisciplinar de especialistas em diversas áreas como Inteligência Artificial, Computação Gráfica, Lingüística, além de um grupo de escritores, profissionais da área de petróleo, gás e energia e psicologia.

O objetivo da Insite foi criar para o cliente (CONPET/Petrobras) um personagem virtual capaz de conversar com os usuários no site, em português, como se fosse um personagem real.

Assim surgiu a ideia de criar um personagem que fosse um Robô voltado para o público infanto-juvenil, capaz de ensinar, entreter e responder questões relacionadas aos assuntos de utilização racional dos derivados do petróleo e do gás natural, preservação de energia, meio ambiente, projetos e dicas de economia.

O robô Ed foi um sucesso em sua época, até os políticos perceberem que poderiam usar do robozinho para algum benefício próprio, segundo o que foi veiculado na imprensa, por ocasião do pedido de investigação no senado brasileiro.

Se você deseja entender melhor essa história, separamos um trabalho acadêmico que estudou o fenômeno do robozinho pela teoria da atividade. https://drive.google.com/file/d/14omGnBl49Y4kDhLY12u4l5vUO5p82jd2/view?usp=sharing

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ผมเกิดและโตในยุค 90’ ยุคเปลี่ยนผ่านทางเทคโนโลยีและวัฒนธรรมคาบเกี่ยว ได้เห็นวิวัฒนาการของสังคมในหลายๆ ส่วน โดยเฉพาะสิ่งที่เรียกว่า “Community” ที่ในอดีตไม่ได้มีกฏเกณฑ์หรือรูปแบบอันชัดเจนอย่างในปัจจุบัน.. ผมเกิดและโตในชนบทอันห่างไกลความเจริญ เรื่องราวและวิถีชีวิตที่จะเล่าจากนี้ไปก็จะขึ้นกับมุมมองหรือเลนส์ของผมเพียงคนเดียว

คอมมูนิตี้ในอดีต

ในความหมายแบบไทยๆ ที่ผมอยากจะบัญญัติมันเสียเอง มันเริ่มจากภาพของเด็กวัยกระโปกที่จับกลุ่มทำกิจกรรมสนุกสนานเฮฮากัน เล่นสนุกด้วยจุดมุ่งหมายและจิตใจอันบริสุทธิ์ ในยุคของผมนั้นการปั่นจักรยานไปเรื่อยๆ กับกลุ่มแก๊งค์เพื่อนๆ เป็นกิจกรรมสุดโปรดพอๆ กับเด็กทุกวันนี้รวมตัวกันเล่น ROV หรือ ROBLOX เลยก็ว่าได้

การผจญภัยของเด็กๆ มักจะมีกิจกรรมสุดท้ายรอพวกเขาอยู่ มันอาจเป็นการลงเล่นน้ำตามลำคลอง หนอง บึง หรือปีนต้นไม้เพื่อความเท่ สำรวจโลกเพื่อเรียนรู้อะไรบางอย่าง มันก็สนุกในแบบของมัน

เมื่อโตขึ้นมาในวัยมัธยม เด็กผู้ชายเริ่มเกาะกลุ่มกันเหนียวแน่น พวกเขาโตมาด้วยกันผ่านอะไรด้วยกันมามาก ความสัมพันธ์นั้นแน่นแฟ้นระดับยอมตายแทนกันได้ มันไม่มีสถานที่จัดเตรียมไว้ให้เรา ดังนั้นพวกเราต้องเลียบเลาะเสาะหาสถานที่สุมหัวคุยกันเอาเอง หัวข้อสนทนาในยุคนั้นไม่มีอะไรที่ไปไกลเกินกว่าประสบการณ์ที่พวกเขามี หรือเรื่องที่เคยได้เรียนมา รวมทั้งสื่อเพียงไม่กี่อย่างที่เข้าถึงได้ วิทยุและโทรทัศน์

ผู้ใหญ่ วัยทำงาน ไม่ได้มีรูปแบบสังคมอย่างวัยรุ่น กลุ่มสังคมของพวกเขานั้นเป็นวงเล็กๆ บ้านใกล้เรือนเคียง มานั่งรวมตัวพูดคุยกันทั่วไปในเรื่องสัพเพเหระ ชีวิตสโลว์ไลฟ์ที่ไม่ได้มีความเร่งรีบอะไร บางกลุ่มตั้งวงเหล้าใส่กันแต่เช้า ล้มหมู ล้มวัว ทำกับแกล้มสรวนเสเฮฮา อีกกลุ่มก็เข้าวัดฟังธรรมตามประเพณีปฏิบัติสืบต่อกันมา คนในอดีตราว 20-25 ปีก่อนในท้องถิ่นของผมนั้น ไม่ได้มีความเครียด ไม่ได้รับรู้ถึงความโสมมอะไรที่หยั่งรากลึกอยู่ภายในระบบเลย คำว่า Toxic คืออะไร? พวกเขาคงนึกถึงยาฆ่าหญ้า

เงิน ในวันที่ยังมีคุณค่าทำให้พวกเขามีความสุข ผมอดนึกถึงภาพเหล่านั้นไม่ได้จริงๆ

โลกเสมือนที่ใหญ่กว่าโลกแห่งความจริง

คอมมูในแบบที่ผมประทับใจที่สุดและดูซีเรียสจริงจังที่สุดเห็นจะเป็น “สภากาแฟ” ประจำหมู่บ้านหรือในตลาด ร้านกาแฟโบราณแบบในภาพยนตร์ยุคเก่า หลายคนคงพอนึกออก กลุ่มคอมมูนี้จะสนใจเหตุบ้านการเมือง อ่านหนังสือพิมพ์จนกระดาษขาด ฟังรายงานข่าวกันแต่เช้า ถกกันดุเดือดเหมือนเป็นอีกโลกนึงเลยทีเดียว และสภากาแฟแบบนี้นี่แหละที่ผมชอบไปนั่งฟังมากที่สุด ด้วยความที่ผมเป็นเด็กชอบเรียนรู้อะไรใหม่ๆ เรื่องต่างๆ ที่ผู้ใหญ่คุยกันมันช่างทำให้ผมสมองงอกมากจริงๆ

ตัดภาพ Fast forward กลับมาในยุคปัจจุบัน เราแทบไม่ได้เห็นกลิ่นอายหรือบรรยากาศอะไรแบบนั้นอีกแล้ว คอมมูนิตี้บนโลกแห่งความจริงมันดับสลายไปสูญสิ้น ผู้คนอพยพไปใช้ชีวิตกันบนโลกออนไลน์จนอาจิณ แม้ตัวพวกเขาเองผมก็คิดว่าคงไม่รู้สึกตัว เราหลุดจากโลกความจริงไปไกล เราหลงไปกับข้อมูลที่ส่วนใหญ่เป็นการล่อลวง สนตะพายจมูกลากจูงพวกเราไปทางไหนก็ได้ น่าเศร้าเหลือเกิน..

ตีวงให้แคบเข้ามาในสังคมการลงทุนโดยเฉพาะในแวดวงบิตคอยน์ ผมพบเห็นเพียงสื่อส่วนใหญ่ที่ชี้นำและชักพาผู้คนเข้าสู่คอมมูนิตี้ด้วยเป้าหมายสำคัญคือ “เงิน” และ “ความร่ำรวย” ผมคิดไปเองว่าเจ้าของสื่อก็คงจะไม่รู้ตัวเองเช่นกันว่ากำลังโดนสนตะพายจมูกอยู่โดยใครสักกลุ่มหรือใครบางคน ทั้งหมดนี้จะไม่ช่วยให้ใครเก่งพอจะเอาตัวรอดหรือปรับตัวได้เองในชีวิตการลงทุน มันไม่ทำให้หลายคนเข้าใจแก่นแท้หรือธรรมชาติของตลาดทุนอย่างแน่นอน เมื่อคนส่วนใหญ่ภายในคอมมูนิตี้ถูกชักพาในไปทิศทางนั้น บทสนทนาที่เราจะพบได้อย่างเดือนดาดบนโลกโซเชียลก็คงเป็นข่าวความเคลื่อนไหวระยะสั้นที่ส่งผลต่อราคาสินทรัพย์ พัฒนาการไร้สาระที่เอามาปลุกปั่นให้ดูดี พฤติกรรมการอวดไลฟ์สไตล์ อวดร่ำอวดรวยของอินฟลูเอนเซอร์ ที่ถูกหลอกมาอีกทีว่าควรสร้างภาพให้ดูน่าเชื่อถือ น่าเศร้ามากจริงๆ

มองหาที่ทางของตัวเอง

ผมเชื่อลึกๆ นะว่า บิตคอยเนอร์ในยุคหลังๆ ที่ยังไม่ผ่านสักไซเคิลมักจะรู้สึกอึดอัด หงุดหงิดเวลาต้องการ “คนคุยด้วย” ในชีวิตจริง มันไม่มีอีกแล้วกลุ่มปั่นจักรยานล่ากิ้งก่า กลุ่มสุมหัวที่ปลายนา หรือสภากาแฟ มันเหลือเพียงโลกออนไลน์ที่ต้องไปอยู่ท่ามกลาง Anonymous ร้อยพ่อพันแม่ กลางผู้คนที่ตัวเราเองก็ยากที่จะแสดงออกหรือเปิดใจ..

“คุยบิตคอยน์กับใครก็ไม่รู้เรื่อง” มันเรื่องปกติ.. ปกติจริงๆ ประสบการณ์การป้ายยาส้มแบบเฟลๆ น่าจะเคยเกิดขึ้นมาแล้วกับพวกเราทุกคน จุดนี้เองที่ผมตระหนักได้ว่า คนชอบเรื่องเดียวกันก็ควรได้คุยกับคนประเภทเดียวกัน อย่างน้อยก็ชื่นชอบเรื่องเดียวกันก็ยังดี ส่วนหน้าตาหลังการรวมตัวกันจะออกมาเป็นยังไงก็ปล่อยให้สังคมมันปรับตัวของมันไปเองอย่างออแกนิกก็แล้วกัน

“จับกลุ่มคุยกันเรื่องบิตคอยน์” มันเป็นที่มาของไอเดียแบบแนวๆ รายการ “สภายาส้ม” จนล่าสุดเราพึ่งมี “สภายาม่วง” ที่แคแรคเตอร์แตกต่างกันพอสมควร มันเป็นการสนทนากับบนโลกสีม่วงที่แต่ละคนจะได้เป็นตัวของตัวเองแบบไร้การปรุงแต่ง ได้คุยในสิ่งที่อยากคุย ได้เล่นกับคนในแชท ได้หัวเราะแบบที่ไม่ต้องกั๊ก ได้ทำเรื่องน่าอายแต่สนุกชิบหายเลย

ผมเล่ามาถึงตรงนี้ อย่าเข้าใจผิดว่าผมลากมาตบด้วยการขายของ ผมแค่กำลังจะบอกว่า.. สภาแบบนี้มันไม่เห็นจำเป็นต้องรอให้ Right Shift ทำ ลองจินตนาการสิว่า มันมีสภาแบบนี้อยู่ที่หมู่บ้าน ตำบล อำเภอ หรือจังหวัด หรือภูมิภาคของคุณเอง เช่น สภาชลบุรี, สภาขอนแก่น, สภาน่าน หรือสภายาส้มเขาใหญ่ ฯลฯ

มันเป็นไปได้นะ.. คำถามคือเราจะสร้างสภาแบบนั้นขึ้นมายังไง.. ก็ใช้ประโยชน์จากสื่อโซเชียลมีเดียที่เรามีนี่แหละ ประกาศตามหาพวก ทำความรู้จัก นักเจอกัน เริ่มจากเหตุการณ์เล็กๆ จุดเริ่มต้นน่ารักๆ นำไปสู่วัฒนธรรมสังคมอันยิ่งใหญ่แบบที่พวกเราทำกันมาแล้วนั่นไง

ผมอยากเห็นอะไรแบบนั้น อยากให้มีภาพความประทับใจจากหลายๆ พื้นที่มาอวด มาโชว์ มาแบ่งปันกัน มันก็ดีกว่าการเช็คอินสถานที่ต่างๆ ที่ตัวเราเองก็ไม่เห็นเคยอินกับมันเลย..

รออยู่นะ.. สภายาส้ม สภายาม่วง ทั่วไทย

@ 23202132:eab3af30

O sol distante a 150 milhões de quilômetros e com um volume de um milhão de vezes maior que a terra, possui seu diâmetro na casa de 1.392.000 quilômetros. Constituído em sua maior parte por gás Hélio e Hidrogênio, estes aquecidos a 6.000 graus na superfície solar liberam elétrons e formam o chamado “plasma”.

Já no interior do sol, em seu núcleo a temperatura chega a quinze milhões de graus permitindo a ocorrência de reação nuclear.

Um calculo aproximado evidencia que o sol converte em seu interior quatro milhões de toneladas em energia por segundo e gera um média de energia em por volta de 3.860.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 watts. Para gerar todas esta potencia ocorre muita atividade no interior e na superfície do sol, estas atividades oscilam em períodos com maior e menor intensidade.

Freqüentemente ocorrem as chamadas “explosões solares” que lançam no espaço uma pequena parte de elétrons, energia subatômica e uma série de outras atividades.

Um dos ciclos que possuem interferência marcante na terra é o dos onze anos, conhecido como ciclo das manchas solares. Neste ciclo a cada onze anos a terra é bombardeada em maior intensidade por partículas que influenciam nas telecomunicações e nos aparelhos eletrônicos.

As partículas carregadas ao chegarem na terra sofrem influencia do campo magnético terrestre e mudam sua trajetória acompanhando o sentido das linhas de força terrestres, concentrando-se principalmente nos pólos e emitindo uma luz característica conhecida como Aurora Boreal.

A Aurora Boreal é um fenômeno que pode ser observado freqüentemente próximo aos pólos tendo sua origem em partículas eletrizadas provenientes do sol.

A faixa de freqüência mais afetada pela tempestade solar está nas ondas curtas, estas se beneficiam da ionosfera para sua propagação e quando a tempestade chega é na ionosfera onde ocorre maior concentração de partículas.

Estas partículas eletrizadas podem gerar ruídos elétricos em toda a faixa de rádio, podendo aparecer em linhas telefônicas comuns e também em outros sistemas elétricos.

Através da radioastronomia, (Estudo dos astros/espaço pela observação das freqüências de rádio) é possível monitorar as estrelas, incluindo o sol.

Uma freqüência bastante usada por astrônomos amadores é a de 137Mhz, é comum entre os estudiosos do assunto a modificação de rádios FM para a freqüência acima na intenção de captar as emissões solares que ocorrem em grande quantidade nesta faixa de freqüência. Assim estes pesquisadores “escutam” o sol.

As ondas de rádio geradas pelos eventos solares levam entre oito a dez minutos para percorrer o espaço entre o sol e a terra, já os efeitos da eletrização ocorrem em várias horas depois das emissões, estes eventos são mais lentos demorando horas para chegar a terra.

Independente do ciclo de onze anos, diariamente a terra recebe interferências relacionadas aos eventos solares, porém em menor intensidade.

Os colegas radioamadores que transmitem em ondas curtas conhecem bem este fenômeno e programam suas transmissões conforme previsões sobre as tempestades solares, algo semelhante às previsões do tempo.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Estudos mostram que a luz influencia na aprendizagem, memória e ansiedade, afirmam os pesquisadores. Nós conseguimos mostrar que a luz também pode estimular respostas de medo condicionado.

Biólogos e psicólogos sabem que a luz afeta o humor, mas uma nova pesquisa efetuada na Universidade da Virgínia indica que a luz pode também estimular medo e ansiedade.

Existem diversos tipos de lâmpadas e uma variada gama de luzes. Conforme o tipo de iluminação no ambiente é possível estimular sensações distintas, influenciando o comportamento humano.

A descoberta foi publicada em 01 de agosto de 2011 na edição da revista Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. “Olhamos para o efeito da luz no medo aprendido, porque a luz é uma característica global do ambiente e tem efeitos profundos sobre o comportamento e fisiologia”, disse Wiltgen, um professor assistente de psicologia e especialista em aprendizagem. ”A luz desempenha um papel importante na modulação da freqüência cardíaca, no sono, na digestão, nos hormônios, humor e outros processos do corpo. Em nosso estudo, buscamos verificar também, como isso afeta o estímulo ao medo.”

“Neste trabalho nós descrevemos a modulação do medo estimulado pela luz ambiente”, disse Provencio, especialista em luz e fotorrecepção. ”A desregulação do medo é um componente importante de muitos transtornos, incluindo transtorno de ansiedade generalizada, transtorno do pânico, fobias específicas e pós-traumático. Entender como a luz regula o medo pode auxiliar terapias destinadas a tratar algumas dessas doenças cuja base está no medo e na ansiedade“.

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

สองคนนี้รู้จักกันเพราะคุยเรื่องบิตคอยน์กันแน่ๆ เลย?

ถ้าผมบอกว่าเราคุ้นเคยกันมากขึ้นเพราะ "เกมส์" คุณจะเชื่อไหม?

ย้อนกลับไปในช่วงเปิดตัวหนังสือ The Bitcoin Standard ฉบับแปลไทยของ อ.พิริยะ นั่นคือเหตุผลแรกที่ผม ซึ่งเป็นใครจากไหนก็ไม่รู้ ทักไปหา อ.ตั๊ม ครั้งแรก..

"ผมเอาเล่มนึงคับ"

ก็คงเป็นการ Approach แบบที่ใครเค้าก็ทำกัน พวกคุณก็คงพอเดาได้ แต่คุณคงเคยเห็นมาแล้ว บัญชีโซเชียลมีเดียแต่ละแอปของเขาน่ะ การแจ้งเตือนมัน 999+ ตลอด ผมไม่คิดว่าจะมีใครโชคดีได้ป๊ะได้คุยตั้งแต่ทักเขาครั้งแรก

ใช่ครับ.. ผมรอครึ่งปีเพื่อให้ถึงจังหวะโอกาสที่เขาต้องตอบผมแน่ๆ ก็ตอนขายหนังสือนี่แหละ..

ไม่มีอะไรมากมาย ผมมีแนะนำตัวเล็กน้อยว่าผมเป็นแอดมินเพจ CryptoNize (ที่ตอนนี้เลิกทำไปแล้วล่ะ) ผมชื่นชอบบิตคอยน์ และติดตามมานาน บลา บลา บลา

แต่สิ่งหนึ่งที่ผมต้องใช้ความกล้าอย่างมาก และต้องทำทันทีคือการ "Declare" บอกกับเขาตรงๆ ว่าผมอยากร่วมทำบางอย่างเพื่อตอบแทนสิ่งที่เขาทำทั้งหมดด้วยการช่วยทุกอย่างเท่าที่เขาจะอนุญาต โดยเฉพาะการสร้าง Bitcoin Network ในไทย ก็ถ้าไม่ใช่โอกาสนี้ก็ไม่รู้จะทำตอนไหนละ

เอ่อ.. ผมคิดว่าตอนนั้น อ.ตั๊ม ก็คงจะงงๆ แบ่งรับแบ่งสู้ อะไรของมึงวะหมอนี่..

จริง ๆ มันเริ่มมาจากการที่ผมสังเกตมานานแล้ว และคิดเรื่องนี้ในหัวมาตลอด ผมเองก็เป็นคนนึงที่อยากทำให้ในไทยมีฐานความรู้เกี่ยวกับบิตคอยน์ภาษาไทยมาตั้งแต่ต้น

ผมหลงเข้าดงชิตคอยน์ในก้าวแรกสู่ตลาดคริปโต เดชะบุญที่ผมอยู่กับการศึกษาวงการลงทุนมานาน หลายสินทรัพย์ที่ผมรู้จักดี ผมใช้เวลาไม่นานนักในการแยกแยะได้ว่าอะไรคือของจริง ของปลอม

หลังจากนั้นผมก็ทำเพจบิตคอยน์งูๆ ปลาๆ ในแบบของตัวเองไป แน่นอนว่าในไทยเมื่อคุณตกลงปลงใจจะศึกษาบิตคอยน์ ชื่อแรกที่คุณจะนึกถึงแน่ๆ คือ อ.พิริยะ เขาเป็นไอดอลของผมเหมือนกับพวกคุณทุกคนนั่นแหละครับ

แล้วไอดอลกลายมาเป็นเพื่อนเราได้ยังไง?

มีช่วงหนึ่งที่ผมสังเกตุเห็นได้ชัดว่า อ.ตั๊ม เริ่มมีอาการ Burn-out ผมไม่รู้ว่าใครเห็นแบบผมไหมนะ แต่ผมแน่ใจว่าใช่แน่ๆ ผมกลับไปคิดว่าผมจะช่วยอะไรเค้าได้บ้าง?

ถ้าเราอยากจะผลักดันวงการบิตคอยน์ในไทย แทนที่จะแยกกันทำไปแบบนี้ ทำไมเราไม่ไปขอจอยช่วย อ. ทำ เสริมพลังให้แกไปเลยนะ? ผมตัวเล็กมากในคอมมูนิตี้ไทยตอนนั้น จะว่าโนเนมเลยก็ได้ แต่คิดอะไรเกินตัวซะเหลือเกิน

But how?

ผมรื้อทุกอย่างที่เป็น อ.พิริยะ เท่าที่จะหาแหล่งข้อมูลได้ในเมืองไทย ผมเป็นคนนึงที่ดูทุกคลิป ทั้งบิตคอยน์ สอนเทรด ส่วนตัว เฟซบุ๊ก หนังสือที่อ่าน วิธีที่พูด โพสต์ที่เคยผ่านตา บทความที่เคยเขียน ฯลฯ เรียกว่าผมวิจัยคนๆ นึงเลยก็ว่าได้

ผมศึกษานิสัยใจคอของเขา ความชอบ เป้าหมาย ต่างๆ นานา ไม่ใช่เพื่อจะ Take Advantage จากสิ่งนี้ แต่ผมต้องการเป็นเพื่อนกับเขาจริงๆ ผมเป็นคนแบบนี้ ผมชอบทำงานกับเพื่อน กับคนที่รู้มือรู้ใจกัน และในสถานการณ์แบบนี้ มันควรเป็นผมที่ต้องเข้าใจ อ. ให้ได้ก่อน

ถ้าคุณคิดว่าเราคงถกเรื่องบิตคอยน์ หรืองานเทรดกัน คุณคิดผิดถนัด.. ผมคุยเรื่องสัพเพเหระที่ไม่เกี่ยวกับบิตคอยน์กันแม้แต่นิดเดียว จนกระทั่งวันนี้ก็ยังเป็นแบบนี้ เรื่องที่เราคุยกันถูกคอมากที่สุดคือ.. "เรื่องเกมส์"

ให้ตายเถอะ เรามันเด็กที่โตมาในยุค 90' เหมือนกัน มีอะไรจะคุยได้ยาวเท่าเรื่องในอดีตอีก เราคุยถึงสมัยเรียน สมัยเด็ก สมัย Ragnarok เราเล่นเกมบน Nintendo switch ด้วยกัน

เอ่อ.. ผมหมายถึง… เล่นของใครของมันแล้วมาคุยกันอะนะ

พวกคุณรู้ไหมว่าเราชอบเกมกันขนาดนี้ แต่เอาเข้าจริงเราได้เล่นกันก่อนนอนวันละไม่เกินครึ่ง ชม. แค่นั้นเอง เอาแค่พอให้หายอยาก เรามีเรื่องต้องทำกันเยอะมากๆ ในตอนนั้น หากใครยังจำได้ จะมีช่วงนึงที่ อ. พูดถึงเกม Triangle Strategy บ่อยๆ นั่นแหละ เล่นอยู่กับผม

แต่อันนี้ยอมนะ เกม RPG นี่ผมสู้แกไม่ได้จริงๆ

จนกระทั่งเราได้เจอกันครั้งแรกที่งานมีตอัพบิตคอยน์ที่โรงเบียร์พี่ชิต (น่าจะมีคนอ่านสักคนที่ได้ไป) เอาจริงๆ นะ ผมไม่ตื่นเต้นเลย เป็น อ. มากกว่าที่ไม่รู้จะทำตัวยังไง ฮ่าๆๆ

ก็ผมมันดิบ ผมเป็นคนเซอร์ๆ ขัดกับลุคของ อ. คนละขั้ว แต่คนต่างขั้วนี่แหละพาพวกคุณให้ได้มาอ่านบทความนี้บน Nostr ตอนนี้ เรามาไกลจากตรงนั้นมาก เรามีคอมมูที่โตขึ้นอย่างออแกนิก มีสมาชิกน่ารักๆ ในคอมมูนิตี้หลายคน เรามี Right Shift และพาร์ทเนอร์อีกมากมายที่กำลังผุดกันขึ้นมา

ผมที่คิดว่าจะเข้ามาช่วยแบ่งเบาภาระ อ. ในตอนแรก ตอนนี้ผมทำให้เขายุ่งยิ่งกว่าเดิม แต่ผมก็สัมผัสได้นะ ผมเชื่อลึกๆ ว่าตอนนี้ อ. คงมีความสุข อ.ไม่ได้สู้ตัวคนเดียว วันนี้ อ. มีพวกเราทุกคน มันจับต้องได้ ใช้แค่หัวใจก็สัมผัสมันได้ละ

สิ่งที่ดีที่สุดที่เกิดขึ้นระหว่างเราสองคน คือผมได้สวมกอด อ. (แบบลูกผู้ชาย) หลังการจัดงาน BTC2023 ไม่มีใครได้เห็นภาพนี้ เพราะมันอยู่ในความทรงจำของผมคนเดียว…

เราเคยวาดรูปล้อเลียนให้นาย.. ตอนนี้ยังอยู่ดีไหม?

ผมอยากจะบอกกับทุกคนว่า.. เราคงไม่สามารถมีเพื่อนได้จากการนั่งอยู่เฉยๆ หรอกครับ มันมีคุณค่าบางอย่างที่จะคอยดึงดูดคนเราเข้าหากัน แต่มันต้องมีสักคนที่เริ่มก่อน และ พิริยะ คือชายคนนั้นที่ได้มอบคุณค่าบางอย่างให้กับพวกเรา พวกเรารู้กันดีว่ามันคืออะไร

สิ่งนี้แหละเรียกว่า Value for Value เมื่อเราให้มากพอ วันนึงเราจะได้รับบางอย่างเป็นการตอบแทน..

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

ผมมีความสุขดีกับการทำตัว Low profile เพราะมันมีเรื่องราวที่เป็นเหตุผลของมันอยู่..

ใครอ่านงานเขียนผมบ่อยๆ จะทราบดีว่าผมมักจะเขียนไปเรื่อย เล่าเรื่องหรือความคิดของตัวเองออกมาได้ยาวเหยียด เมื่อมันเป็นแบบนี้ก็เลยคิดว่าจะใช้ Account นี้ให้เหมือนเป็นบล็อกส่วนตัวสุดๆ แบบไม่มีคอนเซ็ปต์ไปเสียเลย วันไหนอยากเขียนอยากเล่าอะไรผมก็จะเล่ามันดื้อๆ นี่แหละ..

มันเริ่มจาก.. มีคนพยายามบอกว่าผมอยู่เบื้องหลังของคอมมูนิตี้บิตคอยน์ในไทย มีคนบอกว่าผมเป็นตัวตั้งตัวตี แต่ก็เป็นคนที่ลึกลับหาข้อมูลได้ยากอะไรแบบนั้น ซึ่งมันก็มีทั้งส่วนที่ถูกและยังไม่ใช่อยู่พอสมควรครับ..

อย่างแรก ผมไม่ได้มองว่าตัวเองยิ่งใหญ่หรือมีบทบาทสำคัญมากขนาดนั้น ผมยังเชื่อมาตลอดว่าอะไรก็ตามที่เกิดขึ้น มันไม่ได้เกิดเพราะผมเพียงคนเดียว มันประกอบมาจากหลายส่วนและคนที่มีส่วนร่วมในสิ่งนี้ยังมีอีกมากมาย ผมอาจเป็นฟันเฟืองหลักในเรื่องนี้ แต่ยังไงผมก็คงต้องปฎิเสธว่าไม่ใช่เพราะผมคนเดียวอย่างแน่นอน ใช่ครับ.. มันก็มาถึงตรงนี้ได้เพราะพวกเราทุกคน

อย่างที่สอง โดยส่วนตัวผมคิดว่าการมีตัวตนในลักษณะนั้นจะทำให้ผมไม่สามารถทำอย่างที่ทำอยู่ในทุกวันนี้ได้ มันจะทำให้ผมนึกถึงเพียงแค่ตัวเอง สนใจแค่เพียงตัวเองมากกว่าคนรอบข้าง

ซึ่งมันขัดกับเป้าหมายสำคัญส่วนตัวของผมนั่นคือ “ส่วนรวม” ฝันของผมนั้นไกลจนยากที่ใครจะจินตนาการถึง วันนี้เราทำเสต็ปแรกกันยังไม่ครบเลยด้วยซ้ำ หากผมมตัวแต่ส่องกระจกประเมินตัวเองอยู่ทุกวันๆ ผมคงไม่มีเวลาไปคิดถึงส่วนอื่นๆ เป็นแน่แท้ ..งานแบบนั้นยังมีอีกหลายคนที่พร้อมจะเสียสละและเต็มที่ไปกับมัน ไม่จำเป็นต้องเป็นผมใช่ไหมล่ะ

อย่างที่สาม ผมเชื่อในแนวคิด Decentralized อย่างที่สุด คำนี้ลึกซึ้งมากกว่าแค่เข้าใจว่ามันกระจายหรือรวมศูนย์ ผมไม่ได้เป็นคนที่เข้าใจลงลึกในวิชาการหรือความรู้ทางเทคนิคของบิตคอยน์มากนัก ผมเชื่อว่าตัวเองก็แค่รู้ในระดับคนทั่วๆ ไป แต่ในเรื่องหลักการและแนวคิดพวกนี้ รวมถึงการนำมาประยุกตร์เข้ากับเรื่องต่างๆ ในชีวิต ผมคิดว่าผมทำได้ค่อนข้างดีเลยล่ะ

เกี่ยวกับเรื่องนี้.. ผมเชื่อเองตั้งแต่ต้นว่าสังคมจะไม่เติบโตอย่างยั่งยืนหากพึ่งพาผู้นำหรือใครคนใดคนหนึ่งมากเกินไปหรือกระทั่งการเทิดทูนฮีโร่ บิตคอยน์ยังอยู่มาอย่างแข็งแกร่งมากกว่า 10 ปีผมไม่คิดว่าเป็นเพราะใครสักคน แต่มันเป็นเพราะอาณุภาพของ Network ที่เข้มแข็งและแพร่กระจายตัวในทุกนาทีแบบเดียวกับไมซีเลียม ผมฝันอยากเห็นสังคมที่โตในแบบของมันเอง มีความมั่นคงเข็มแข็ง อาจไม่ต้องเป็นหนึ่งเดียว แต่มันไม่ควรมีจุดตายอยู่ที่ใครทั้งนั้น

เราสามารถมีผู้เสียสละเก่งๆ ได้อีกมากมายที่กระจายตัวอยู่ตามพื้นที่ต่างๆ ต่างจังหวัด หรือแพลตฟอร์มต่างๆ เพื่อทำหน้าที่ผลักดันในแบบที่เขาถนัด

https://i.imgur.com/3sDzTdg.png เมื่อเราจินตนาการเห็นภาพนั้นเราจะเริ่มตระหนักได้ทันทีว่า..

เรานั้นตัวเล็กเกินกว่าจะไปคิดว่าเราใหญ่

ผมไม่ชอบใช้คำว่า “การต่อสู้” หรือ “การเอาชนะ” ไม่ว่าจะกับใคร (ใครๆ ก็คงจะหมายถึงรัฐ) บิตคอยน์มันชนะได้ด้วยตัวมันเองแบบไม่ต้องแข่งเลยด้วยซ้ำ ทำไมเราต้องไปเสียเวลากับการคิดหาหนทางเอาชนะในแบบเดิมๆ วิธีที่แยบยลกว่าน่าจะเป็น “การสร้าง” สิ่งที่ทรงพลัง กำแพงหนาที่แข็งแกร่งยากจะโค่นล้ม นั่นคือพลังแห่งความคิดและฝูงชน พลังแห่งเครือข่ายและชุมชน

ผมอยากเห็นมากกว่าแค่คนๆ เดียว คนกลุ่มเดียว ที่เก่งกล้าพอจะลุกขึ้นมาเสียสละแบ่งปันและช่วยเหลือ เผยแพร่สิ่งที่พวกเขารู้ไปยังคนอื่นๆ เพื่อขยายแนวคิดให้กระจายออกไป ผมมีส่วนจริงในการปลูกฝังแนวคิดและสร้างคอมมูนิตี้ขึ้นมาจากจุดนั้น แต่ผมไม่ใช่คนบงการอะไรทั้งสิ้น

แนวคิดจะได้รับการยอมรับคงไม่ใช่เพราะคนมาเกรงใจตัวผม แต่มันควรมาจากการที่ทุกคนเห็นพ้องต้องกันว่ามันอาจเป็นแนวทางที่ใช่สำหรับสังคมของพวกเขา เราอาจต้องนำ ต้องเป็นแบบอย่างก่อนในช่วงแรก แต่เมื่อทุกอย่างเริ่มเข้าที่ ทุกคนเริ่มเข้าใจเหตุผลและรูปแบบในการอยู่ร่วมกัน เวลาของผมสำหรับบทบาทนั้นก็คงไม่ต้องมีอีกแล้ว

นั่นเป็นเหตุผลว่าทำไมผมผละจากสิ่งที่เคยแอคทีฟในตอนแรก การมีส่วนร่วมเป็นแกนหลักและคอยแอคทีฟในชุมชน ผมไปทำอีกสิ่งหนึ่งเพื่อเตรียมไว้ตอบสนองต่อความต้องการของชุมชนในอนาคตนั่นคือคลังความรู้ เพราะผมเชื่อว่ากลุ่มบิตคอยน์ของชาวเรามันเติบโตขึ้นมากแล้วจากวันแรกๆ ที่เราได้เริ่ม

มันไม่ใช่เรื่องของจำนวน ไม่ใช่เรื่องของการตลาด มันคือหลักการและแนวคิด รูปแบบการปฏิสัมพันธ์ที่ค่อยๆ ก็ร่างสร้างตัวมาเรื่อยๆ จนมีคุณลักษณะที่ชัดและเป็นปัจเจกแตกต่างจากเหรียญอื่นๆ ไม่ว่าใครจากภายนอกจะมองว่าสัวคมของเราเป็นแบบไหนก็ตาม ผมไม่ได้สนใจเลยตรงนั้น เพราะนี่แหละคือเราในแบบของเรา

ผมมาเขียนเล่าเรื่องพวกนี้ไม่ใช่เพราะผมอยากจะหายตัวไปแบบ Satoshi หรอกนะครับ ผมไม่ได้ทำเรื่องยิ่งใหญ่อะไรขนาดนั้นเลย เพราะเมื่อไหร่ก็ตามที่เราคิดว่าเรานั้นใหญ่เสียเหลือเกิน ตัวของเราจะบดบังตาเราจนมืดบอด เราจะมองไม่เห็นใคร

ผมขอเป็นคนตัวเล็กๆ เล็กพอที่จะมองเห็นคนทุกคนบนโลกแบบนี้ต่อไปดีกว่า ผมชอบที่จะได้เห็นและคอยมีส่วนกับทุกๆ เรื่อง ผมสนุกกับมัน และหวังว่าพวกเราที่อ่านมาถึงตรงนี้ก็คงจะสนุกแบบผมเหมือนกัน

https://i.imgur.com/z7XmLjh.png บิตคอยน์ไม่ได้เปลี่ยนโลกในแบบที่เราเข้าใจ มันเริ่มเปลี่ยนคนตัวเล็กแบบพวกเขาให้เติบโตไปเปลี่ยนโลกต่างหากล่ะ

@ 78733875:4eb851f2

After announcing our first wave of grants for bitcoin[^fn-btc] and nostr[^fn-nostr] projects, we are pleased to announce an additional wave of grants for open-source projects in the space:

[^fn-btc]: First Wave of Bitcoin Grants [^fn-nostr]: First Wave of Nostr Grants

• BDK
• LNbits
• Watchdescriptor
• Stratum V2 Testing \& Benchmarking Tool
• Fedimint Modules and Resources
• Amber: Nostr Event Signer
• Nostr UI/UX Development
• Nostr Use-Case Exploration \& Education

The first five grants are sourced from our General Fund, the last three—being nostr projects—from our Nostr Fund. This brings the total number of OpenSats grants to 41, adding to the grants we previously announced in July.

Once again, let's take a closer look at each of the projects to see how they align with the OpenSats mission.

---

BDK

Bitcoin Development Kit (BDK) is a set of libraries and tools that allows you to seamlessly build cross-platform on-chain bitcoin wallets without having to re-implement standard bitcoin data structures, algorithms, and protocols. BDK is built on top of the powerful rust-bitcoin and rust-miniscript libraries and adds features for managing descriptor-based wallets, syncing wallets to the bitcoin blockchain, viewing transaction histories, managing and selecting UTXOs to create new transactions, signing, and more. The core BDK components are written in Rust, but the team also maintains Kotlin and Swift language bindings for use in mobile projects. There are also Python bindings, and React Native and Flutter support is being actively developed.

Repository: bitcoindevkit/bdk
License: Apache 2.0 / MIT

LNbits

LNbits is used by a multitude of projects in the bitcoin space, especially as part of their lightning payments stack. Being easy to build on through its extension framework, LNbits has been pioneering various cutting-edge solutions and experiments in the world of bitcoin, lightning, and nostr.

The project has a thriving maker community building various hardware devices such as Lightning ATMs, point-of-sale devices, DIY hardware wallets, and nostr signing devices. The modular design of LNbits makes it attractive to users and tinkerers alike, as its plugin architecture makes it easy to extend and understand.

Repository: lnbits/lnbits
License: MIT

Watchdescriptor

watchdescriptor is a CLN plugin written in Rust that connects a business's treasury wallet to its CLN node. It utilizes cln-plugin and the BDK library to track coin movements in registered wallets and report this information to the bookkeeper plugin.

The plugin enables businesses to design a complete treasury using Miniscript and import the resulting descriptor into CLN. Since bookkeeper already accounts for all coin movements internal to CLN, this plugin is the last piece businesses need in order to unify all their bitcoin accounting in one place. This enables businesses to account for all inflows and outflows from their operations, streamlining tax reporting and financial analysis.

The watchdescriptor project is part of a broader vision to transform the lightning node (particularly CLN) into a financial hub for businesses, enabling them to conduct operations without reliance on any third parties.

Repository: chrisguida/watchdescriptor
License: MIT

Stratum V2 Testing & Benchmarking Tool

The Stratum V2 Testing & Benchmarking Tool allows the bitcoin mining industry to test and benchmark Stratum V2 performance against Stratum V1. The tool supports different mining scenarios to help miners make informed decisions and evaluate their profitability. The goal of the project is to motivate miners to upgrade to Stratum V2, increasing their individual profits and making the Bitcoin network more resilient in the process.

Repository: stratum-mining/stratum @GitGab19
License: Apache 2.0 / MIT

Fedimint Modules and Resources

Fedimint is a federated Chaumian e-cash mint backed by sats with deposits and withdrawals that can occur on-chain or via lightning. It can be understood as a scaling and privacy layer as well as an adoption accelerator for Bitcoin.

The goal of this particular project is to improve the Fedimint UI and develop free and open resources for developers and "Guardians" to enable more people to run and develop on Fedimint.

Repository: fedimint/ui @EthnTuttle
License: MIT

Amber: Nostr Event Signer

Amber is a nostr event signer for Android. It allows users to keep their nsec segregated in a single, dedicated app. The goal of Amber is to have your smartphone act as a NIP-46 signing device without any need for servers or additional hardware. "Private keys should be exposed to as few systems as possible as each system adds to the attack surface," as the rationale of said NIP states. In addition to native apps, Amber aims to support all current nostr web applications without requiring any extensions or web servers.

Repository: greenart7c3/Amber
License: MIT

Nostr UI/UX Development

The goal of this project is to help improve the UI/UX of major nostr clients, starting with Gossip and Coracle, emphasizing the onboarding process as well as usability and accessibility. One part of onboarding is solving the discoverability problem that nostr has in the first place. Solving the problem of jumping in and out of the nostr world is what motivated the development of njump, which was redesigned as part of these efforts and is now live at nostr.com.

In addition to client-specific improvements, generic design modules and learnings will be incorporated into the Nostr Design project for others to use.

Activity: github.com/dtonon @dtonon
License: MIT

Nostr Use-Case Exploration & Education

As of today, most nostr clients implement social media applications on top of the nostr protocol. However, nostr allows for various use cases, many of which go beyond social media. Two examples are Listr and Ostrich, a list management tool and job board, respectively.

In addition to use-case exploration, this project will continue to educate users and developers alike, be it via Nostr How or various video series, e.g., explaining how to build upon NDK.

Activity: github.com/erskingardner @jeffg
License: MIT / GPL-3.0 / CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

---

We have more grants in the pipeline and will provide funding for many more projects in the future. Note that we can only fund those projects which reach out and apply. If you are an open-source developer who is aligned with our mission, don't hesitate to apply for funding.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

A obra de Foucault funde história e filosofia, na medida em que ele investiga o complexo de crenças que caracteriza diferentes práticas culturais em diferentes épocas, expondo seu uso no controle social e revelando a natureza historicamente condicionada das relações de poder existentes.

A filosofia Foucaultiana origina-se da convicção de que as estruturas que organizam as crenças de uma cultura são historicamente condicionadas pelos jogos de poder entre as pessoas e as instituições, em outras palavras, entre as relações sociais em geral.

Acesse algumas obras desse autor https://drive.google.com/open?id=1zpr3vTxsnbudkmH45E-1_Ez7E8qXNx1m

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

https://i.imgur.com/bUDUOZH.png On the day the world seemed on the brink of collapse, you chose to embark on Noah's Ark. An escape vessel from the mundane life you've grown weary of. The ship was filled with hopeful souls, silently gazing into each other's eyes throughout the journey. The silence stemmed from unfamiliarity, yet deep down, they all recognized a shared purpose.

https://i.imgur.com/ovK3sUm.png The voyage was long and fraught with challenges. The ship braved countless storms and turbulent waves. They had no choice but to rise and work together, each lending a hand. Some mended the ship's cracks, others tended to the engines, while a few bailed out the infiltrating water. No one wished for this ship to falter. Their collective dedication became evident.

https://i.imgur.com/6XaPlDc.png Some aboard lacked the strength to assist others. Yet, they didn't want to be burdens. No one wished to be valueless in such circumstances. They fetched water and food, delivering it to those laboring tirelessly. A standout individual emerged, acting as the ship's captain. He received applause, encouragement, and sustenance. Everyone acknowledged the genuine care they had for one another. They all recognized the collective spirit propelling the ship to shore.

https://i.imgur.com/eEPqbNN.png When the storm subsided, they sat and shared tales of the recent ordeal. A mix of raw emotions and shared joy permeated the air. From an initial silence, the ship now echoed with laughter and chatter. Many found kindred spirits, while some discovered love. A small society within the ship began to evolve into a larger community. Everyone felt a sense of belonging and responsibility towards their shared vessel.

A few volunteered to return to their point of origin. They wished to share this inspiring tale with others, hoping to offer them a better life. Such selfless and compassionate souls.

https://i.imgur.com/Tx5Z3Fu.png Noah's Ark brought them to a new realm. It was as magnificent as they had imagined. An untouched paradise, abundant and unclaimed. Nature here was pristine, overflowing with resources. Their diverse skills and expertise meant everyone had a unique role. Yet, all worked towards building a new society that valued everyone's life. No one could have predicted what this place would become in just five years.

https://i.imgur.com/9rRGLeT.png Leaders emerged in various fields, from thinkers to musicians, artists to critics, and even public relations experts. A diverse society was taking shape, built on grand hopes. Those who contributed value were celebrated and became the talk of the town. Those who were self-centered retreated to the island's quiet corners. Everyone found their path in a society free from governance or control. This ship had brought them to the society they had long dreamt of.

We can't predict what life on this new land will be like in the future. Why ponder about it when today brings us joy?

https://i.imgur.com/u5MZJXa.png A man stepped away from the crowd to visit the now-docked ship. He gazed at it with deep reverence and gratitude. The ship, weathered by time, showed signs of wear and tear. Yet, its name remained clearly visible.

He approached and gently touched the engraved name. Words escaped him, replaced by an indescribable joy. "Thank you for bringing us here, for granting us a new hope. The Noah's Ark that heaven bestowed upon us on that fading day of light."

"Thank you... #NOSTR."

@ 23202132:eab3af30

O designer Giora Kariv confeccionou uma bicicleta feita de papelão dobrada com técnica de origami, custou na ocasião R$ 18,00 para fabricar o veículo.

A motivação surgiu depois que Giora Kariv assistiu em um documentário a fabricação de um barco feito de papelão.

Funcionando sem restrições a bicicleta é resistente, operacional e de baixo custo. A idéia é inovadora e promove a reciclagem. Após dobrar o papelão o autor aplicou uma pintura para o acabamento. Confira esta inovação no vimeo: http://vimeo.com/37584656 ou no youtube https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Uma+eficiente+bicicleta+de+papel%C3%A3o

@ 23202132:eab3af30

A editora Zahar já está na segunda edição de um livro que combina beleza e conteúdo. O material surpreende na organização e compilação dos temas onde a história da filosofia é abordada em textos curtos e pontuais. Ideal para consulta rápida.

São aproximadamente 357 páginas ilustradas que apresentam os principais filósofos e momentos da filosofia, proporcionando um panorama das discussões. Os textos são introdutórios e o material tem como proposta ser o ponto de partida no primeiro contato com os temas filosóficos. É indicado para quem gosta do assunto e quer ter em mãos um guia de consulta rápida.

Referência: LAW, Stephen. Guia ilustrado Zahar: filosofia. Rio de Janeiro. Ed. Zahar, 2009.

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

How long have we lived with the term Bitcoin as a Store of Value (SOV)? The financial sovereignty, that is...

Among those who are aware of the system's problems, they often accept Bitcoin as an asset that will preserve their value over time. The question is, how many of these people are there in society? The society we call the Matrix...

Yes, there are still few.

Not to mention how to store it safely, that's even fewer. We can see that the demand in the past mainly came from 2 groups. The first group is the SOV group, and the other is the profit speculators. Other groups were just a sprinkle. In early 2022, when the price of Bitcoin started to decline, I couldn't imagine what the next wave of demand would come from. All I knew was that in that downturn, Bitcoin often had new developments.

I mean... the desire to own Bitcoin, not the trading demand that would cause the price to skyrocket or anything like that.

Until, if I remember correctly, it would be the second half of 2022... The wonder of the Lightning Network began to occur continuously in the Bitcoin community worldwide, including in Thailand where we also helped push it to this day (actually, it existed before that, especially after the big event in El Salvador, but it wasn't so prominent).

Lightning makes the world of Bitcoin full of possibilities. From static money held for wealth, money saved for children and grandchildren that has always been stigmatized as not even enough to buy noodles at the front of the alley, it has become convenient money that today begins to stick in our hearts everywhere (I mean in the group of people who accept Bitcoin, of course).

Bitcoin used to be "difficult" for everyone. Transferring in and out each time was a headache, our hands were shaking. But today, many of us know that we can take the smallest unit of it to pass on to each other, whether it's for fun, to express feelings, to flirt, or to buy and sell things, etc., as we saw at the BTC2023 event, right?

https://i.imgur.com/W3D1pdk.png

It's just stuck... If we don't count the easy-to-use general usage, system management, or running a Bitcoin Lightning node, it makes us feel like we have to be god-level to do it. Understanding its working mechanism is also not easy.

When it's like this, I think to myself... Hmm... It probably won't take much longer for people to learn, understand, and familiarize themselves with this new technology.

But I believe... This is not impossible. It's not that hard. What we need is a "method or approach" to present or disseminate knowledge that the general public can access and grasp more easily.

Right Shift is being propelled in a direction that will make the "choice" of accepting Bitcoin more tangible, a direction that leads to the "actual use" of Bitcoin in scenarios where it becomes a "Means of Payment," a new alternative for those with free hearts.

We coordinate and collaborate with various partners, including our brothers and sisters within the community. Besides the value that won't easily diminish over time, the real value that we can actually utilize is overwhelmingly pleasing to our hearts. Those who have experienced it themselves probably won't argue much with me on this matter.

But there's something that has always made me feel... this is still not enough.

Offering a choice for people to shift their mindset from "hoarding" Bitcoin more than eggs in a nest is one thing. Issues of privacy or Non-KYC is another. Starting with Custodial services is another. Educating is hard enough, and creating a balanced demand-supply is even harder.

We once made businesses support Lightning to a great extent, but no one ever knew where to get Lightning to buy things, and how to buy it?

Once people started doing it, they looked for places to buy, and it turned out that the supply, the entrepreneurs, couldn't keep up. They stumbled and needed considerable assistance to start. Not to mention legal matters, accounting, taxes... See? Our work is not just about making videos.

If you look at the whole picture, this task is much bigger and longer than we thought (by "we" here, I mean everyone in the community aiming for the same goal).

https://i.imgur.com/t0sJ4ju.png

So, we, the main partners like Right Shift, LATES, BOB, and Chitbeer, and many more, will probably have to spend time driving and spreading these stories further. We hope to receive excellent cooperation from our friends in our community.

We are planning to tour various places, maybe universities, schools, malls, provinces, etc., wherever people want to learn about Bitcoin. We will organize on-site courses similar to what happened in El Salvador, arrange events for people to try using Bitcoin, and we would be delighted to have volunteers who want to push with us... But then, today...

Not long ago... I found a third option.

If starting interest from the investment side, saving, preserving, or accumulating Bitcoin, and using it seems too hard for most people,

What if we try to shift the perspective, starting with what they are already familiar with, easily accessible, and can have fun with first? Will acceptance be easier and more logical to plunge into the next rabbit hole or not?

I didn't let myself drown in doubt for too long, so I touched it myself immediately... And the answer is... It's really true.

We just switch from mainstream social media that is causing us more pain every day to a new society that is like the true root of the online community. This way, it seems easier to move on... Why do I think so?

The society on a decentralized protocol grants us, as users, almost complete freedom. In all honesty, it's no more difficult than setting up a Lightning wallet, something we've all done before.

Every day, tens of thousands of us click 'like' on Facebook countless times, expressing our satisfaction with a creator's work or a friend's post. Sometimes, we're not even sure if we genuinely want to do it.

What if we change from 'like' to Zap!?

How much economic value is circulating there (currently, there are more than 12 BTC Zapped on Nostr)? It's not just us who have to go and Zap others. If you do well, benefit the community, even a laugh can get it. Others are ready to Zap you all the time as well.

You can use it without linking to a Lightning wallet. The question is, how can you experience expressing satisfaction or receiving it instantly as Satoshi's value?

Yes.. with such a situation, it's inevitable that people will have to learn and understand Bitcoin and Lightning, at least at a basic level.

https://i.imgur.com/qJddift.png

But this time, their motivation isn't for wealth or prosperity, not financial domination, or solely technical prowess.

It comes from a desire to participate in a society they want to be a part of. It comes from a desire to appreciate or admire someone's work that has benefited them on Nostr. It comes from the joy of living freely in a new land, and so on.

On the creator's side... Instead of losing money, time, and physical energy thinking about content day and night, finding ways to get people to see their posts, waiting for the money that the platform might withhold for another month, and avoiding annoying algorithms and constant changes,

Now, they just invest their value into their content, post it for their followers to definitely see, and receive 'thank you' in the form of Sats instantly.

They can present their content piece by piece without waiting for it to be finished. They can present any form of content there.. The users are the same. This is the activity of passing on value to each other, called "Value for Value" on Nostr.

When V4V becomes something they enjoy, they will start to delve deeper into Bitcoin as time goes by. They will want to own more of it. How else could it be? They just don't like it and are looking for other options to accept it.

So.. Now, do you think the Network effect on Nostr or in real life will be stronger and faster?

Honestly, we don't have to choose. We don't have to decide which direction we will push acceptance.. whether to save, to educate, to use it occasionally, or to experience a new life on a social media society like Nostr.

We should push it together in every way, because it's all beneficial to our Bitcoin society. It's beneficial to everyone who will try to touch it, and it's beneficial to people in the next generations.

Bitcoinization, which used to be just a dream, is about to happen in not too long. Now, I can start answering my initial question. What should the demand come from? It should start from our interest first.

Interested enough to try to touch it in every aspect. Take the rotten fiat money on your fridge and turn it into Lightning for a bit, then let it slide on Nostr.

In 2023, our choices, the world's choices, are not just SOV or Lightning anymore.. which either way, it's good for Bitcoin.

It's opening wider than we think. . . // Author by: Jakk Goodday

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Arcando com todas as características da crise de meia idade, este fenômeno caracterizado por inseguranças, decepções e solidão tem afetado cada vez mais jovens em início da carreira, onde supostamente seria o momento de oportunidades e aventuras.

O Dr. Robinson, que apresentou suas descobertas na British Psychological Society Annual Conference, em Glasgow, trabalhou com pesquisadores do Birkbeck College, o que ele diz é que esta é a primeira pesquisa sobre a crise quarterlife de um "ângulo sólido, baseado em dados empíricos e não em especulação."

Entre os jovens observados, dois em cada cinco estavam preocupados com dinheiro, dizendo que não ganham o suficiente, e 32% sentem-se pressionados a casar e ter filhos antes dos trinta anos.

Para o pesquisador e membro da equipe, Dr. Rodrigues, "Muitas pessoas vão dizer que a crise quarterlife não existe. A verdade é que os nossos 20 anos não são, como eles foram para o nosso pais." Atualmente e cada vez mais cedo, milhões de jovens concorrem pelo primeiro emprego, lutando para aumentar um depósito de hipoteca e encontrar tempo para conciliar todos relacionamentos.

Mas Rodrigues também considerou que a crise quarterlife que dura em média dois anos pode ser uma experiência positiva. Tais crises no início da vida tem quatro fases, movendo-se de sentimentos de estar preso para um catalisador de mudança que pode ser motivador para construção de uma nova vida.

Segundo Dr. Robinson, "Os resultados vão ajudar a tranquilizar aqueles que estão vivenciando essa transição." Entender como lidar com esta fase pode ser o segredo para transformar de forma positiva os momentos angustiantes.

As quatro fases da crise quarterlife, sugeridas pelo estudo são:

Fase 1: definida pelo sentimento "amarrada" a um emprego ou relacionamento, ou ambos. "É uma ilusória sensação de estar preso", disse Robinson. "Você pode sair, mas você sente que não pode."

Fase 2: é caracterizado por uma crescente sensação de que a mudança é possível. "Essa separação física e mental dos compromissos anteriores leva a todos os tipos de transtornos emocionais. Ela permite a exploração de novas possibilidades, com uma ligação mais estreita com os interesses, preferências e senso de identidade.

"Até então você pode estar dirigindo rápido por uma estrada que você não quer ir. Uma minoria dos participantes descreveram ser pego em um loop, mas a maioria refletia sobre estar em um momento difícil mas catalisador para mudanças positivas importantes. "

Fase 3: é um período de reconstrução de uma nova vida.

Fase 4: é a consolidação das mudanças que refletem novos interesses do jovem, aspirações e valores.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

O uso de robôs assassinos vem se tornando algo corriqueiro em zonas de confronto. Este tipo de atividade é liderado pelo EUA e outros países possuem em sua agenda militar a aquisição de tais dispositivos. Harvard Law School de Direitos Humanos e a Human Rights International defendem a necessidade de regulamentação e ética no uso de tecnologias autônomas na guerra.

Entre os argumentos está a defesa da proibição do desenvolvimento e uso de armas totalmente autônomas. Robôs totalmente autônomos podem decidir por si próprios quando eliminar um inimigo.

Segundo o relatório de 50 páginas, tais dispositivos serão desenvolvidos dentro de 20 a 30 anos ou “ainda mais cedo”. Atualmente sistemas de armas que exigem pouca intervenção humana já existem.

O EUA trabalha com robôs de ataque no Paquistão, Afeganistão, Iêmen e em outros lugares. Mas estes são controlados por operadores humanos em bases no solo e não são capazes de matar sem autorização.

No entanto, laboratórios espalhados pelo mundo em diversos países estudam e buscam meios de criar robôs totalmente autônomos para ações de guerra. Existem pesados investimentos neste tipo de pesquisa.

O problema com a entrega de poder de decisão, mesmo para os robôs mais sofisticados é que não haveria nenhuma maneira clara de fazer qualquer juízo para os inevitáveis erros, disse Noel Sharkey, professor de robótica da Universidade de Sheffield. “Se um robô cometer um erro ou crime, quem é o responsável? Certamente não será o robô”, disse ele.

O robô pode levar uma arma de destruição em massa sem que exista uma maneira de determinar quem é responsável pela ação e isso vai ser um grande problema na garantia da obediência das leis da guerra. Como iremos determinar o proprietário do robô assassino?

Sem uma rigorosa regulamentação e controle, corremos o risco de convivermos num futuro próximo, com robôs assassinos totalmente anônimos.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

O raciocínio tecnológico é considerado por muitas pessoas como um fenômeno moderno. No entanto, ao olhar para o passado é possível observar avançados mecanismos de engenharia.

Um destes mecanismos é a máquina de Anticítera encontrada em 1901 por mergulhadores e datada como sendo do ano 87 a.C. O mecanismo estava fossilizado devido ao tempo. O equipamento é um complexo sistema de 27 engrenagens capaz de representar com precisão a órbita da Lua, dos planetas no nosso sistema e também do Sol.

O conceito tecnológico chamado de “engrenagem diferencial” inventado oficialmente no século XVI já estava presente lá no século I a.C. conforme conclusão de alguns cientistas que estudaram o funcionamento da máquina de Anticítera.

@ d830ee7b:4e61cd62

คืนหนึ่ง.. "สติ" ที่กำลังอยู่ท่ามกลางภวังค์แห่งการหลับไหล สิ่งที่เขาได้เห็นในเงาสลัวๆ นั้น เป็นภาพของชายคนหนึ่งรูปร่างคล้ายคลึงกับเขามาก ชายคนนั้นเดินเข้ามาบอกกับเขาว่า.. เขาได้เคยสัมผัสกับความตายมาแล้ว ฟังดูแล้วก็น่ากลัว แต่ไม่ใช่ เขาแค่เกือบตาย เดชะบุญที่เขายังไม่ตายจริง สติยังคงสับสนว่าภาพที่เห็นอยู่นี้ คือ วิญญาณของใครสักคนในความฝันใช่ไหม? เขาจำได้ว่าเขากำลังหลับอยู่ไม่ใช่เหรอ? ชายคนนี้มีเจตนาอะไรกัน..

ชายคนนั้นเล่าต่อว่า.. วินาทีที่ความตายกำลังใกล้เข้ามาเยื่อน เขาเกิดภาพย้อนอดีตผุดขึ้นมาในหัวเต็มไปหมด เขาพบว่าตัวเองนั้นน่าสงสาร.. น้ำเสียงของเขาเหมือนคนสิ้นหวัง บ่นฮึมฮัม.. เขาเอาแต่ตัดพ้อออกมาไม่หยุด เขาบ่นว่าไม่เคยได้ฝึกตระเตรียมที่จะให้ตัวเองได้เป็นอิสระ ได้เป็นนายเหนือตัวเองมาก่อนเลย เขาไม่เคยควบคุมตัวเองได้ ไม่เคยทำในสิ่งที่ถูกต้องหลังจากทำบางอย่างผิดพลาดไป ซึ่งมันจะช่วยให้เขาเริ่มต้นใหม่ได้อย่างถูกทางเลยสักครา.. ไม่เคยได้ทำสิ่งดีๆ เพื่อชดเชยให้กับสิ่งที่สูญเสียหรือติดลบไปบ้างเลย.. ไม่เคยสร้างความภาคภูมิใจให้กับตัวเองหรือคนอื่นๆ ที่รักเขาเลย..

ชายคนนั้นยังบอกกับสติอีกว่า.. ก่อนหน้านั้นเขาเอาแต่คิดหมกมุ่นแต่กับคำถามว่า ทำไม ทำไม ทำไม ทั้งที่ความจริงแล้วแค่เข้าใจให้ได้ว่าสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นมันถูกต้องแล้วหรือยัง แค่ยอมรับมัน ถอดบทเรียนแล้วก้าวเดินไปข้างหน้า เพราะหากคิดได้เช่นนี้ ชีวิตใหม่ภายใต้การต่อสู้ภายในใจของเขาระหว่าง คนสีขาว กับ คนสีดำ ก็จะเริ่มต้นขึ้น เป็นการรบที่มีเดิมพันเป็นทางเดินที่ควรจะเป็นของชีวิต เขาคงจะได้คำตอบที่ดีกว่านี้หากเข้าใจมันได้แต่แรก

วินาทีที่ความตายประชิดเข้ามาอยู่ตรงหน้า.. เขานั้นคิดเสียใจอยู่เพียงเรื่องเดียว มันเป็นเรื่องของ "เวลา" เวลาที่เขามอบให้กับคนที่เขารักนั้นน้อยเกินไป ยังมีอีกหลายอย่างที่เขาอยากจะทำเพื่อคนเหล่านั้น แต่มันสายไปเสียแล้ว เวลาของเขากำลังจะหมดลงแล้ว ณ วินาทีนั้นเอง น้ำตาของเขาก็ไหลพรั่งพรูออกมา เขารู้สึกว่าไม่เคยมีความเสียใจครั้งไหนยิ่งใหญ่เท่ากับความเสียใจในครั้งนี้มาก่อน.. เขาไม่น่าปล่อยคืนวันให้ผ่านไปอย่างไร้ความหมายแทนที่จะได้ใช้มันไปกับความพยายามในการทำความเข้าใจกับชีวิต เขาไม่ควรดิ้นรนขวนขวายจนต้องกลายเป็นทุกข์ เขาควรได้ใช้ชีวิตที่ไม่มีความอยาก หรือควรจะอยากได้อยากมีให้น้อยที่สุดหากมันจำเป็น

เขายังได้เห็นภาพสุดอุบาทว์ของตัวเองที่ทำตัวหยิ่งยโสต่อเพื่อนร่วมงาน คนใกล้ตัว และโลกใบนี้ เขาเห็นความอ่อนแอภายในใจของตัวเองที่กำลังเรียกร้องความเอื้ออาทรจากทั้งโลก ทั้งที่ตัวเขาเองก็ไม่เคยคิดจะมอบอะไรให้กับโลกใบนี้ แต่กลับร้องขออะไรที่มากมายเกินกว่าที่โลกจะมอบให้เขาได้ สุดท้ายเขาเองก็ตัดสินใจเป็นปฎิปักษ์กับโลกทั้งใบด้วยความงี่เง่าอย่างสุดขีด เขามองไม่เห็นศัตรูที่แท้จริง เขาไม่เคยรู้ว่าพวกมันอยู่ที่ไหน มันทำให้เขารู้กลัว กังวล และโศกเศร้าไปกับบทละคร ที่ตัวเขาเองเป็นผู้สร้างและกำกับการแสดงนั้นด้วยตัวเอง มันเป็นละครอันน่าเบื่อหน่าย ละครที่ผู้กำกับทำหน้าที่เป็นนักแสดงมันเสียเอง เขาผูกและวางโครงเรื่องทั้งหมดเอาไว้เพื่อตัวเองแทบทั้งสิ้น

นอกจากนี้เขายังเห็นภาพในอดีตของตัวเอง.. เป็นคนทำงานที่ดูขยันขันแข็ง ดูมีไฟลุกโชนในตัวอย่างท่วมท้น แต่ลึกๆ ในใจแล้วกลับเป็นคนขี้เกียจและไม่เคยมีใจให้กับองค์กรเลย ภาพที่เขาแสดงออกมาล้วนแล้วแต่เป็นเรื่องลวงโลกทั้งสิ้น เขาแสดงออกต่อโลกภายนอกด้วยเสน่ห์อันเย้ายวนชวนให้ใครต่อใครส่งสายตาเพ่งมาที่เขา เขารู้สึกว่าตัวเองโง่เหลือเกินที่ไม่เคยเข้าใจ ว่าสายตาที่เขาควรแคร์มากที่สุดคือสายตาที่เพ่งมองออกจากหัวใจของตัวเอง แววตาที่ต้องการจะถามไถ่ด้วยความสงสารว่า

"จนป่านนี้แล้ว เจ้ายังไม่เข้าใจในชีวิตอีกเหรอ"

ทุกครั้งที่เขาพยายามหว่านเสน่ห์ เขาก็เสียตัวตนของเขาไปเรื่อย ๆ ซึ่งมันแปลกตรงที่.. เขากลับรู้สึกถึงการหลอกลวงว่าตัวเองกำลังเป็นตัวของตัวเองนั้น มันเพิ่มทวีคูณขึ้นไปเรื่อยๆ มันเป็นอัตตาและทิฐิซึ่งเป็นความยึดมั่นถือมั่น ทิฐิ ที่ใครผู้ใดถือเอาไว้ผู้นั้นก็เป็นเสมือนผู้ไร้ซึ่งปัญญา ผู้ซึ่งถูกอวิชชาเข้าครอบงำ ยิ่งไปกว่านั้น.. ตัวเขาเองก็เคยอยากเปลี่ยนแปลงตัวเองมาก่อนเหมือนกัน แต่กลับไม่เคยทำได้เพราะมัวแต่กลัวการต้องสูญเสียและเสียดายรูปแบบชีวิตอย่างเดิม ๆ ไป แม้หัวใจของเขาจะเรียกร้องความเปลี่ยนแปลงเพียงใดก็ตาม

เขายังเห็นภาพของคนที่คิดว่าตัวเองเก่งที่สุดในโลก คนที่มีเหตุผล คนที่คิดว่าตัวเองดูดีที่สุด แต่กลับเป็นทุกข์เหลือเกินกับการพยายามแบก พยายามรักษาภาพพจน์เหล่านั้น.. เขาเป็นคนที่ทำผิดแต่ไม่เคยสำนึกผิดชอบชั่วดี เขาไม่เคยกล่าวคำขอโทษใครแม้มันจะพ่นลมปากออกจากใจได้ง่ายๆ ก็ไม่เคยทำแม้แต่ครั้งเดียว ผู้ชายคนนี้ตัดพ้อออกมาไม่ยอมหยุด

สติครุ่นคิดว่าเพราะอะไร คนๆ นี้ถึงเต็มไปด้วยเรื่องราวแห่งความทุกข์ความสิ้นหวัง ทุกเรื่องที่เล่ามานั่นก็ตัวเขาเองไม่ใช่หรือ เขามีเวลามากพอที่จะตัดสินใจทำในเรื่องต่างๆ แต่เขาก็ได้เลือกทำสิ่งเหล่านั้นลงไปเอง เหตุใด ณ ขณะเวลาที่ต้องทำเขาจึงคิดไม่ได้แบบในตอนนี้กันนะ.. นอกจากคำตัดพ้อที่เต็มไปหมดแล้ว สิ่งที่ผู้ชายคนนี้เล่ามาทั้งหมดเหมือนเป็นเพียงคำสารภาพก่อนตายของคนเลว ๆ คนหนึ่งเท่านั้น เขาจะทำแบบนี้ มาเล่าแบบนี้ให้สติฟังไปเพื่ออะไรกัน..วาระของคนใกล้ตายที่พึ่งจะคิดอะไรๆ ได้หลายๆ อย่างคงจะเป็นแบบนี้เองสินะ

มีหลายอย่างที่สติพบว่าตัวเขาเองก็ทำคล้ายๆ กับผู้ชายคนนี้.. สติรู้สึกถูกดวงกับชายซึมเศร้าคนนี้ขึ้นมาบ้างแล้ว แต่ทว่า.. ยังไม่ทันที่บทสนทนาจะเข้าสู่ช่วงสำคัญ มันดันมีเสียงไก่ขันเล็ดลอดเข้ามาในภวังค์ที่กำลังก้าวสู่ฟ้าสาง สติเหมือนจะระลึกได้ว่าเดี๋ยวตัวเองก็คงต้องตื่นแล้ว เขายังไม่ได้ข้อสรุปอะไรจากผู้ชายคนนี้เลย ตกลงผู้ชายคนนี้ตายไปแล้วหรือยังไม่ตายกันแน่ ตกลงทั้งหมดนี้คือเรื่องจริงหรือความฝัน หากทั้งหมดนี่คือความจริง และนายคนนี้ยังไม่ตาย อย่างน้อยผู้ชายที่เฉียดเข้าใกล้ความตายผู้นี้ก็ยังคงมีเวลามากพอเหลือให้กลับไปแก้ไขความผิดพลาดของตัวเองได้ล่ะนะ

ก่อนการจากไปของชายคนนั้น สติได้เอ่ยถามไปว่า.. แล้วเราจะทำอย่างไรในการที่จะหยุดความเสียใจอันมาจากความไม่เข้าใจในตัวเองเลยจนกระทั่งจวนถึงลมหายใจสุดท้ายแบบนี้?

"คุณต้องเข้าใจ..."

สติไม่เข้าใจประโยคนี้เท่าใดนัก สติรู้สึกเหมือนโดนยอกย้อน ที่ถามไปนั้นก็เพราะสติยังไม่เข้าใจ แล้วตกลงเขาจะต้องเข้าใจมันยังไง อะไรกันเหรอที่เราควรเข้าใจมัน?

"คุณต้องเข้าใจว่าอะไรคืออะไร.. มันก็เหมือนกับการค้นพบต้นเหตุแห่งพฤติกรรม ต้นเหตุแห่งเรื่องราว เข้าใจในผลลัพธ์ของพฤติกรรมและเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้น คนจึงจะเริ่มเปลี่ยนแปลงตัวเองจากชั่วให้กลายเป็นดีได้.. "

สติเหมือนจะเข้าใจความหมายอันลึกซึ้งนี้ขึ้นมาบ้าง.. แต่ชายคนนั้นก็กำลังจะเดินจากเขาไปแล้ว ก่อนที่ความมืดจะกลืนร่างของเขาให้หายไปต่อหน้า สติรีบร้องทักขึ้นมาก่อนจะไม่ทันการณ์

"คุณครับ! คุณชื่ออะไรเหรอครับ?"

"ผมชื่อ.. สติ"

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Mesmo sendo entendido como uma questão da vida, muitas pessoas sofrem com o fato do envelhecimento. A ciência busca oferecer uma solução e promete vida longa com pouco ou nenhum envelhecimento em breve.

O gasto com produtos ou serviços que escondam o envelhecimento é gigantesco e vão desde cirurgias estéticas até tratamentos com os mais variados tipos de medicamentos.

Muitos destes gastos são motivados pela ilusão e nada contribuem para retardar o envelhecimento, outros ajudam, ainda que promovam poucos efeitos reais.

A BBC exibiu um documentário em seis capítulos que busca abordar o assunto de forma ampla e traz uma ideia sobre o que está sendo produzido na ciência e os mitos que ainda persistem sobre o envelhecimento, como é o caso da teoria dos radicais livres.

Saiba mais em: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=A+cura+do+envelhecimento%3A+document%C3%A1rio+BBC&oq=A+cura+do+envelhecimento%3A+document%C3%A1rio+BBC

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

The following is a collection of Tweets posted on Twitter that documented my entire heart surgery process, from finding out I had an issue, through the surgery, and finally throughout my recovery process. If Elon decides to remove old and unpaid content, I do not want this part of my life to vanish from the Internet. At the time, it was extremely important for my mental health to talk about this whole process and it was therapeutic in my recovery process, reading all of the responses as all of Bitcoin Twitter was behind my success. Thank you all of your kind words, love, and support during this whole process. May my Tweets live on through nostr.

...

Nov 28, 2021 I had open heart surgery 4 days before my 3rd b-day. I've led a healthy & active life since then, zero issues. I had an echocardiogram last week. The results were not good. Heart valve replacement may be in my near future. I am freaking the fuck out. I'll know more on Dec 6th. 😫

Dec 6, 2021 Update: I had my cardiologist appointment today. He said to not worry for now and continue to exercise and live life. In 3 months get another echo done. He doesn't believe the previous other results since I have zero symptoms and wants to do his own interpretation.

Dec 6, 2021 He said if the other results were correct, I may need valve replacement in 6 months to 3 years. However, he doesn't believe the local hospital's results as I said above. He can't form an opinion just yet. He said not to worry over and over again. For now, I'm staying positive!

Mar 7, 2022 Well, it's been three months. I had my follow up this morning. I have severe pulmonic regurgitation. I now need to speak with a specialist and see what my options are for surgery. Neat. 😭

Apr 12, 2022 Well, it looks like I'll need full open heart surgery again to replace my pulmonic valve. Bonus: I'll be part pig. So, I have that going for me. I was assuming that if I had to have this done it would be much less invasive, so I'm not overly impressed at the moment. 🫤

May 11, 2022 Today I had to get a CT scan of my heart in preparation for the May 27th surgery. All went well. I have no other heart issues. It's looking like I'll be in the hospital for 4-7 days, depending on how fast I recover. I should be fully 100% recovered by the end of August. ❤️

May 20, 2022 My grandfather with me 39 years ago, days after my open heart surgery. He taught me to hunt, fish, golf, and I'm sure taught me a thing or two about drinking beer and partying. 😂 He was a great man. He won't physically be with me next Friday, but I'm sure he'll be watching over.

May 25, 2022 Two more sleeps. My mind is racing with an incredible amount of thoughts and emotions now. It's overwhelming. I love you all. Thanks for all of your replies and DMs over the last couple days, weeks, and months. I appreciate it immensely. ❤️❤️❤️

May 25, 2022 Two more sleeps. My mind is racing with an incredible amount of thoughts and emotions now. It's overwhelming. I love you all. Thanks for all of your replies and DMs over the last couple days, weeks, and months. I appreciate it immensely. ❤️❤️❤️

May 27, 2022 LET'S GO! I am alive and doing well. I was on a ventilator until 8pm. That was horrible. I will read all of the comments that you all posted on Katie's updates. Now I need to rest. They want to get me up and walk at 11pm. 🤯 I love you all and your support had helped so much 🧡🧡

May 28, 2022 The amount of love, compassion, caring, and appreciation from everyone blows my mind. Thanks for all of your comments and DMs. The positivity though all is this has helped me get through dark times and now it's helping me get through pain. You are helping me immensely. 🤯❤️🧡💪

May 28, 2022 Today has been a rough day. Lots of chest pain when breathing. But, I apparently am doing something right, because I have been upgraded to a regular room. No more ICU for this guy! My ICU nurse told my new nurse that I'm strong. ❤️💪🔥

May 29, 2022 Using this to document my journey. Last night was not good at all. I had tachycardia and AFib for hours. It was scary as fuck having my heart beat the way it was at 160bpm. They gave me new medication to bring it down and stop the AFib irregular heartbeat. It's now at 101.

May 29, 2022 I was very scared. Katie was able to come and stay the night with me and be my personal care nurse. That made me feel much better having her here with me. Hopefully the meds continue to do what they're supposed to. Fuck. Anyways, I may not Tweet much today. Love you all. ❤️

May 30, 2022 Today has mostly been a great day progress wise. I ate a lot. I've walked more today than I have previously. My doctor told me I might be going home tomorrow, it all depends on what happens with my last drainage tube. Fingers crossed that it's draining properly now. 💪❤️

May 31, 2022 Morning walk crushed. Breakfast crushed. Feeling stronger. My drainage tube is still draining so we'll see what the surgeon says, but I probably won't be coming home today according to my nurse. It may be another day. Better to be safe. I'm feeling good though. Let's go! 💪💪❤️❤️

Jun 1, 2022 Today's plans: Crush morning walk, crush breakfast, CRUSH MY LAST X-RAY AND HEAD THE HELL HOME! Fingers crossed. 🤞🤞❤️❤️💪💪

Jun 1, 2022 On my morning walk I went into a slight AFib. The nurse and PA said since I hadn't had my morning meds to control that yet, that that could be the cause. They're going to increase meds and monitor me for another 24 hours. That sucks, but again, I'd rather be safe. Ugh.

Jun 2, 2022 GM! I miss my kids. I miss wearing normal clothes. I miss my house. I miss my doggy. I better go home today or I guess I'll just keep working to get well enough to go home. 😂 I'm still progressing forward. I have a chest x-ray scheduled later this morning. Fingers crossed.

Jun 2, 2022 I JUST GOT CLEARED TO HEAD HOME AFTER LUNCH. FUCK YEAH. LET'S GOOOOOO💪💪💪

Jun 2, 2022 I am home! I have some family that needs some loving. Enjoy the rest of your day!

Jun 4, 2022 Last night I slept in bed thanks to a reclining pillow, the first night our living room chair. I was so happy to sleep in my own bed. I walked around our yard about 9 times yesterday. My goal is to do that plus a little more every day. I'm still in a lot of pain, but meds help.

Jun 4, 2022 I still have a long way to go recovery wise, but having Katie and the kids here helping me along the way makes it easier and gives me a reason to keep pushing forward through this. Thanks again for all of your past and future support. You all are fantastic.

Jun 6, 2022 My wife went back to work today. My son and daughter are in charge of taking care of me. My kids are fantastic. They made me breakfast already and helped me check all of my vitals. My daughter really shines here. She's such a little nurse and caretaker. ❤️❤️

Jun 6, 2022 I'm still in pain, but I'm not in as much pain as I was a couple days ago. I'm walking around a little better and a little more every day. I really hate just sitting around and not doing anything, but it's hard to do much else besides watch TV. I am enjoying my patio though. 💪

Jun 16, 2022 It's been a while. It's time to update this thread! I am doing great, IMO. I have lots of energy. I feel great. I can do a lot more than I previously could. I still have a limited range of motion due to my sternum being broken and still healing. i.e. I can't wash my back or legs.

Jun 16, 2022 I started back to work yesterday. I was cleared to do 20 hours this week by my doctor and I'm hoping to be cleared full time next week. I work from home, so if I can sit in front of a TV, I can sit in front of a computer, right?

Jun 16, 2022 My home nurses have been absolutely fantastic.😂 My kids make me breakfast every morning. And I could not have done any of this without my rock star wife. Words can't describe how much she's done for me throughout all of this. I am looking forward to continuing to improve. ♥️

Jun 16, 2022 You all have been absolutely wonderful through all of this too. I appreciate all of your love, support, and check-ins. Seriously. It means more than you know.

I have a check-up at the end of the month to make sure all is well. I'll update again in a couple weeks after that appt.

Jun 28, 2022 My doctor said everything looks great. He said it doesn't look like I had open heart surgery a month ago.💪 He said I have zero restrictions and that I can resume normal life. I can drive and I can go out on my boat! ❤️❤️❤️ I'm so happy right now! 🔥🚀

Jul 15, 2022 I started cardiac rehab this week. After 2 sessions the nurse said I'm on "Week 4" already. She doesn't believe with my initial intake stress test if I'll really be able to improve on it that much. 🤣 TL;DR I am a rock star and kicking ass. Feeling great. Life's great. 😍

Aug 28, 2022 Yesterday was 3 months since my open heart surgery. I'm going great! I'd guess essentially back to normal. My sternum is still not fully healed, that'll take more time, but energy and capability are basically back to what I was like last summer. I'm very happy with the results.

Aug 28, 2022 I'm very happy to be able to exercise daily, go boating on the weekends AND swim and paddleboard. I was annoyed that I couldn't do these things a month ago. I had a cardiologist appt. two weeks ago. He said he hopes the valve lasts me the rest of my life and to see him in a year.

Aug 28, 2022 As a final post to this thread, I want to thank each and every one of you again that commented, liked, shared and DMed me throughout all of this. The love and support from Twitter and the #Bitcoin community was unfathomable. You all made a difference in my life and my recovery.❤️

@ 00000001:a21169a7

August Sander (1876-1964), a prominent figure in documentary photography, played a pivotal role in challenging and resisting Nazi ideology through his work during the difficult years preceding and following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany.

Sander's most famous project, "People of the 20th Century," stands as a testament to this silent resistance. This monumental body of work, portraying a broad cross-section of German society, presented a bold challenge to the Nazi notion of a "superior race".

Sander's strategy was to humanize all the people he photographed, regardless of their social status or race. His approach was neither to glorify nor denigrate, but simply to portray people as they were, a vision that was in stark contrast with the Nazis' racial ideology.

Furthermore, Sander sought to dismantle the Nazis' rigid racial and social categories. In "People of the 20th Century," the range of subjects is impressively broad: aristocrats, peasants, artists, manual workers, women, men, Jews, non-Jews. By juxtaposing these different categories, Sander underscored the diversity and complexity of German society, thus challenging the Nazi notion of a "pure race".

Despite the resistance he faced, Sander's courage never wavered. His photographs were confiscated and destroyed by the Nazis, and his book "Face of Our Time" was banned in 1936. Yet, Sander persisted, and while he was forced to switch his focus to landscape photography to avoid further confrontations, he continued to document his time's Germany until his death in 1964.

Sander's resistance to Nazi ideology was not frontal or violent, but subversive and silent. His camera became his weapon, and his photographs, his resistance. By capturing his subjects' humanity, he demonstrated that diversity, far from being a threat, is a source of richness and vitality in a society.

August Sander's work remains a powerful tool for understanding the social and political context of Germany in the first half of the 20th century. At the same time, his work continues to be a reminder of the importance of preserving and respecting human dignity, regardless of race, religion, or social status. In this sense, Sander's photography not only documents the reality of his era but also offers a powerful critique of Nazi ideology and a more inclusive and humanitarian vision of society.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

ETHMail é um serviço de hospedagem de e-mail. Ele fornece caixas de correio para todas as pessoas que possuem carteira Ethereum.

Se você possui uma carteira de criptomoedas da rede ethereum, como a wallet Status, Wallet Connect ou MEW wallet. Basta conectar sua carteira ethereum no servidor de email e automaticamente poderá usar seuendereçoethereum@ethmail.cc.

Nosso e-mail ficou assim, 0x5d9e9d4200e2bff0541c1389c33b43dc14aa89cf@ethmail.cc mas se você possuir um domínio blockchain associado com uma conta ethereum poderá usar o domínio no lugar da conta, como esse exemplo: jsilva.stateofus.eth@ethmail.cc ambos endereços de e-mail são na verdade a mesma conta na rede ethereum.

O ETHmail possui conexão pop3, entre outras funcionalidades.

Se a sua carteira possui um navegador Dapp embutido basta digitar o endereço: ethmail.cc no navegador e clicar em Login quando a página abrir. Associe sua carteira ao serviço ETHmail e pronto. Você poderá enviar e receber e-mail diretamente pela sua carteira ethereum.

Nós testamos o serviço ETHmail na carteira Status. Nesta carteira você terá disponível um sistema simples de mensagem instantânea e o serviço ETHmail.

Se desejar mais informações, acesse o forum da comunidade ETHmail em: https://community.cryptoverse.cc/

Visite o site do projeto em: https://ethmail.cc/

Se você estuda sobre programação em tecnologia da informação, pode ser interessante acessar um PDF que separamos para quem deseja detalhes técnicos sobre como implementar um correio eletrônico baseado em blockchain. Acesse no https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oyFqNpwqU6UxND_y6MElNJX4JaK3tQz0/view?usp=sharing

@ 23202132:eab3af30

A foto acima é da primeira bomba atômica lançada sobre a cidade de Hiroshima. Era uma bomba nuclear de urânio-235 com uma potência estimada de 16 quilotons (1 quiloton = 1000 toneladas de TNT). Ela explodiu a uma altura de aproximadamente 570 metros do chão e provocou uma nuvem de fumaça que alcançou 18 km de altura.

Sua explosão gerou uma bola de fogo com uma temperatura de aproximadamente 300 °C, a qual atingiu um raio de 2 km de destruição, além de espalhar uma nuvem radioativa. Isso resultou na morte de mais de 78 mil vítimas imediatas e um total aproximado de 140 mil mortes em decorrência das queimaduras e dos ferimentos causados pela explosão e dos danos causados pela exposição à radiação.

Na madrugada de 6 de Agosto de 1945, o avião bombardeiro Enola Gay deixou a ilha de Tinian no Pacífico transportando a primeira bomba atômica. Três horas depois de ter partido de Tinian aproximou-se de Iwo Jima e encontrou-se com dois aviões de observação que registaram a explosão. O céu estava limpo e não havia registo de aviões inimigos ou baterias antiaéreas.

Pouco depois das 9h15, o capitão lançou a bomba que tinha o nome de código de "rapazinho". Passados 15 segundos explodiu sobre Hiroshima antes de tocar no solo. A bomba atômica destruiu tudo.

O lançamento da bomba atômica foi realmente um acontecimento decisivo na história mundial. Alterou a natureza da guerra para sempre. Todos os conflitos futuros seriam realizados com o conhecimento da destruição terrível que uma bomba atômica pode provocar.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

A partir da década de 40 se propagou estudos acadêmicos na intenção de identificar a quantidade de álcool no sangue humano. Na imagem acima, o Dr. Kurt M. Duboski, do Norwalk Hospital, obtém uma amostra do fôlego de Harry Stevenson, um estudante voluntário que acaba de consumir uísques. Esse tipo de experimento foi o precursor do bafômetro.

É conhecido pelo nome de bafômetro o aparelho que permite medir a concentração de bebida alcoólica em uma pessoa, por meio da análise do ar exalado dos pulmões. O bafômetro é resultado de experiências iniciadas na década de 40 com dispositivos para análise de álcool no organismo humano, para uso pela polícia. Em 1954, o Dr. Robert Borkenstein da polícia do estado de Indiana inventou o primeiro bafômetro, o tipo de dispositivo de testagem de álcool usado ainda hoje.

O conceito fundamental por trás do funcionamento do dispositivo está na ideia de que o álcool que toda pessoa ingere aparece no hálito porque é absorvido pela boca, garganta, estômago e intestinos, e é absorvido pela corrente sanguínea. Apesar de ser absorvido, o álcool não é digerido após a absorção e nem sofre modificações químicas no sangue. Ao passar pelos pulmões, o sangue deixa parte do álcool nas membranas dos alvéolos (pequenos sacos de ar dos pulmões). A concentração de álcool no ar alveolar é proporcional à concentração de álcool no sangue, e à medida que o álcool do ar alveolar é exalado, pode ser detectado pelo bafômetro.

O bafômetro ganha relevância na medida em que os efeitos da bebida alcoólica sempre apresentaram problemas quando combinados com atividades complexas. O álcool produz alteração na capacidade de raciocínio com perda de julgamento da realidade e perda dos reflexos, entre outros problemas. No trânsito brasileiro, anualmente centenas de pessoas alcoolizadas provocam acidentes e mortes.

Este tipo de estatística coloca a invenção do bafômetro como fenômeno relevante na fiscalização e prevenção de acidentes. Muitas pessoas não são capazes de se controlar diante do desejo de consumo de álcool. Isso ocorre devido ao álcool provocar mudanças na forma como o cérebro processa as sensações, gerando em alguns casos dependência ao álcool.

@ 00000001:a21169a7

If for Henri Cartier-Bresson the essence of photography was the decisive moment, for William Klein the defining factor is commitment. This assertion, made by Raphaëlle Stopin, curator of the 'William Klein. Manifesto' exhibition, couldn't be more accurate. At 91 years old and with multiple facets to his name - photographer, painter, filmmaker, publicist, writer, and activist - Klein has left an indelible mark on the landscape of art and photography with his irreverent commitment and radical approach.

Born in New York in 1928, Klein transformed mid-20th-century photography, creating an aesthetic language that evokes the rawness and emotions of a post-war society still to be rebuilt. Through his lens, we see a vibrant, dirty, mestizo, and ever-evolving New York. His unconventional approach, which mixed with the subjects he portrayed, broke with the standards of photography of his time, resulting in images that the white, Anglo-Saxon elite of the era found distasteful. However, his honest and committed vision ended up paving a new path in photography.

Klein began his creative journey in painting, where he already displayed a unique, free, and transgressive language. His entry into the world of photography happened fortuitously, by photographing his own paintings, and it was in 1956 when his vision exploded onto the scene, with the publication of 'Life is Good & Good for You in New York: Trance Witness Revels'. This work, the fruit of his immersion in the wild side of New York life, became a revolutionary manifesto that subverted the traditional principles of photography.

Klein's photographs were never just images. They were bold statements of freedom and experimentation, going against the conventions of his time. It was with his legendary book about New York that he became a disruptive figure in photography. Despite being published in France, Italy, and Japan, this book took 40 years to be published in the United States, a fact that evidences the rejection his raw and uninhibited gaze of the city caused.

But Klein was never content with just being a photographer. His enormous cultural baggage, inspired by figures such as Masaccio, Piero della Francesca, and the Bauhaus, propelled him to explore other forms of expression. In his work, we see the fusion of photography with painting, the 'painted contacts', where he applies paint to contact sheets with large brushes, creating a fusion of disciplines that is surprisingly innovative and evocative.

Today, at 91 years old, Klein continues to work, reinventing himself and reinterpreting his archive. Although his pace has changed, his commitment to his art and his language has not diminished. His legacy endures, and his influence continues to be visible in contemporary photography.

Is Klein a Leonardo of photography? Perhaps it's not an exact comparison. But, just like Da Vinci, Klein has shown a diversity of interests and skills that rivals any Renaissance polymath's. And, unlike Da Vinci, Klein is indisputably wilder and more committed.

In summary, William Klein is a visionary, a provocateur, and an iconoclast, whose work remains a source of inspiration and a challenge to today's artists and photographers. With his committed, free, and innovative gaze, Klein has demonstrated that photography, like any form of art, should always be an act of commitment and revolution.

@ 00000001:a21169a7

Robert Frank, born on November 9, 1924, in Zurich, Switzerland, was the child of Rosa (Zucker) and Hermann Frank, of Jewish origin. Though his family managed to remain safe during the Second World War in Switzerland, the looming threat of Nazism informed his understanding of oppression, invariably seeping into his subsequent work. Frank was drawn to photography partly as a means to escape from his business-oriented family and home. He was mentored by various photographers and graphic designers before he crafted his first handmade book of photographs, "40 Photos," in 1946. At the age of 23, Frank migrated to the United States, seeking to broaden his photographic horizon. He found employment in New York as a fashion photographer for Harper's Bazaar. However, the rigidity and artifice of fashion photography failed to satiate his creative yearning. He soon quit his job and embarked on journeys through South America and Europe, creating a second handmade book of photographs taken in Peru.

Upon returning to the United States in 1950, Frank began to experience a transformation in his photographic perspective. Influenced by his disillusionment with the frantic pace of American life and its emphasis on money, he began to perceive America as a place often desolate and lonely. This vision is reflected in his subsequent photography.

The aesthetic context of the subjective photography of the 1950s, which Frank adopted, was marked by a paradigm shift in how photography was understood and practiced. It involved a move away from the apparent objectivity and neutrality that characterized documentary and journalistic photography, to adopt a more personal and subjective approach. Images ceased to be seen simply as faithful representations of reality to become the photographer's personal interpretations.

In this context, Robert Frank stood out for his direct, unadorned style. His photographs did not aim to beautify or idealize reality, but to capture it as it is, with all its imperfections and contradictions. For Frank, the camera was a tool to explore and question society, rather than merely documenting it. His most emblematic work, "The Americans," first published in Paris in 1958, is a chronicle of his journey through 48 states of the United States. The book, composed of 83 images selected from 28,000 shots, offers an unconventional and critical view of American life. Through his images, Frank portrays a society marked by racial and class inequality, loneliness, and helplessness. The images in "The Americans" are often dark, blurry, and off-kilter, contributing to a sense of unease and instability. Robert Frank continued to work intensely throughout his career. Here is a list of some of his most representative works, ordered by year:

• 1946: Published his first handmade book of photographs, "40 Photos."
• 1947: Moved to the United States and began working for Harper's Bazaar.
• 1950: Participated in the group exhibition "51 American Photographers" at the MoMA and published his second book of photographs from his journey through Peru.
• 1955: Received a Guggenheim Fellowship to travel and photograph the United States, a project that would result in "The Americans."
• 1958: Published "The Americans" in Paris.
• 1959: "The Americans" was published in the United States.
• 1961: Had his first solo exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago.
• 1962: Exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
• 1983: The French magazine "Les Cahiers de la photographie" devoted two special issues to his work.
• 2008: A new edition of "The Americans" was published to commemorate the 50th anniversary of its first publication.
• 2009: The exhibition "Looking In: Robert Frank's The Americans" was shown at the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

Robert Frank's influence on contemporary photography is undeniable. His subjective and critical vision opened new pathways for understanding and practicing photography, shifting it away from conventionalism and closer to a more artistic and personal conception.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Perder um ente querido é difícil e uma curiosa rede social tem como proposta permitir que as pessoas mantenham memórias do falecido. É possível perpetuar uma homenagem, dedicando um lugar online que mantém a presença do ente querido. É uma rede social gratuita. Os usuários podem deixar memórias e manter fotos e demais arquivos de forma segura.

Sempre que tiver necessidade de sentir novamente a presença de um ente querido. Basta acessar online as lembranças e fotos diretamente pelo smartphone. Em nossos testes a rede se mostrou rápida, intuitiva e segura.

Basicamente Você faz uma página especial e se torna o dono de todas as memórias. É possível reunir todos esses momentos em palavras e imagens. Você pode manter os dados em privado ou compartilhar com amigos e familiares. Juntos, os amigos podem manter viva as memórias e sempre voltar e adicionar novos momentos. Esta é uma proposta um tanto diferente.

Acesse a rede social que permite homenagear os entes falecidos em http://www.respectance.com

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Os cientistas sugerem que tentar memorizar buscando atalhos ajuda muito pouco os alunos. O que realmente funciona é praticar resolvendo exercícios sempre se esforçando para explicar o porquê das coisas. Perguntar o porquê das coisas se mostrou relevante para entender o sentido de algo e desta forma conseguir fazer novas associações.

Quanto ao tempo de estudo parece que a memória guarda por mais tempo os eventos rotineiros, aqueles que se repetem em maior frequência. Isso significa, por exemplo, que estudar tudo numa única vez um pouco antes da prova gera uma memória média de apenas cinco minutos. Já aqueles que estudam uma ou duas horas numa rotina diária, praticando exercícios e respondendo o porquê das coisas, gravam o conteúdo na memória por um longo tempo.

Se você pretende passar num concurso ou aprender algo novo, o segredo para fazer a memória gravar o conteúdo estudado é criar uma rotina de estudo de uma ou duas horas por dia se concentrando em perguntar o "por que" aquele conteúdo que você está estudando é assim e não diferente. Estudar é como fazer ginástica, sem disciplina e esforço, não funciona.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

O HoloDesk é um sistema interativo que combina um visor óptico e uma câmera Kinect para criar a ilusão de que os usuários estão interagindo diretamente com gráficos 3D. Uma imagem virtual de uma cena 3D é renderizada através de um espelho meio prateado e alinhada espacialmente com o mundo real para o espectador.

Basicamente, o termo HoloDesk se refere a qualquer dispositivo que projeta modelos em 3D sob uma superfície, permitindo alguma manipulação ou interação com este holograma.

Os usuários acessam facilmente um volume de interação exibindo a imagem virtual. Isso permite que o usuário literalmente coloque as mãos na tela virtual. Um novo algoritmo em tempo real para representar mãos e outros objetos físicos, que são detectados pelo Kinect dentro deste volume, permite interação fisicamente realista entre objetos 3D reais e virtuais.

Para constar, o Holodesk não é o único experimento de interação 3D que existe. Mas o que o diferencia do resto é o uso de divisores de feixe e um algoritmo de processamento gráfico, que trabalham juntos para fornecer uma experiência mais realista.

O legal desse tipo de experimento, é que se você entende de programação e eletrônica, pode fazer em casa.

Veja vário tipos diferentes de HoloDesk no https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=holodesk

@ 7f5c2b4e:a818d75d

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This guide is available in:

• French: nostr:naddr1qqxnzd3cxyunqvfhxy6rvwfjqyghwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnhd9hx2tcpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c33xpshw7ntde4xwdtjx4kxz6nwwg6nxdpn8phxgcmedfukcem3wdexuun5wy6kwunnxsun2a35xfckxdnpwaek5dp409enw0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2qgawaehxw309a6ku6tkv4e8xefwdehhxarjd93kstnvv9hxgtczyzd9w67evpranzz2jw4m9wcygcyjhxsmcae6g5s58el5vhjnsa6lgqcyqqq823cmvvp6c thanks to nostr:npub1nftkhktqglvcsj5n4wetkpzxpy4e5x78wwj9y9p70ar9u5u8wh6qsxmzqs
• Chinese: nostr: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 thanks to nostr:npub1ejxswthae3nkljavznmv66p9ahp4wmj4adux525htmsrff4qym9sz2t3tv
• Swedish: nostr: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 thanks to nostr:npub19jk45jz45gczwfm22y9z69xhaex3nwg47dz84zw096xl6z62amkqj99rv7
• Spanish: nostr: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 thanks to nostr:npub138s5hey76qrnm2pmv7p8nnffhfddsm8sqzm285dyc0wy4f8a6qkqtzx624
• Dutch: nostr:naddr1qqxnzd3c8q6rzd3jxgmngdfsqyvhwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn6v43x2er9v5hxxmr0w4jqz9rhwden5te0wfjkccte9ejxzmt4wvhxjmcpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqprfmhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68yemjv9cxstnwv46qzyrhwden5te0dehhxarj9emkjmn9qyvhwumn8ghj7ur4wfshv6tyvyhxummnw3ezumrpdejqzxrhwden5te0wfjkccte9eekummjwsh8xmmrd9skcqgkwaehxw309ashgmrpwvhxummnw3ezumrpdejqzxnhwden5te0dehhxarj9ehhyctwvajhq6tvdshxgetkqy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytfsxyhxgmmjv9nxzcm5dae8jtn0wfnsz9thwden5te0v4jx2m3wdehhxarj9ekxzmnyqyt8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnwdaehgu3wvfskueqpy9mhxue69uhk27rsv4h8x6tkv5khyetvv9ujuenfv96x5ctx9e3k7mgprdmhxue69uhkummnw3ez6v3w0fjkyetyv4jjucmvda6kgqg8vdhhyctrd3jsygxg8q7crhfygpn5td5ypxlyp4njrscpq22xgpnle3g2yhwljyu4fypsgqqqw4rsyfw2mx thanks to nostr:npub1equrmqway3qxw3dkssymusxkwgwrqypfgeqx0lx9pgjam7gnj4ysaqhkj6
• Arabic: nostr: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 thanks to nostr:npub1nje4ghpkjsxe5thcd4gdt3agl2usxyxv3xxyx39ul3xgytl5009q87l02j
• German: nostr: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 thanks to nostr:npub1eseajvcuqgk6dy98zndje76hcd485zwmhjx4ztgnw4yruq68lhxq45cqvg
• Japanese: nostr:naddr1qqf8wetvvdhk6efdw3hj6mn0wd6z66nsqgs87hptfey2p607ef36g6cnekuzfz05qgpe34s2ypc2j6x24qvdwhgrqsqqqa28z85v8z thanks to nostr:npub1wh69w45awqnlsxw7jt5tkymets87h6t4phplkx6ug2ht2qkssswswntjk0
• Persian: nostr:naddr1qqfhwetvvdhk6efdw3hj6mn0wd68yttxvypzql6u9d8y3g8flm9x8frtz0xmsfyf7spq8xxkpgs8p2tge25p346aqvzqqqr4guk52uek thanks to nostr:npub1cpazafytvafazxkjn43zjfwtfzatfz508r54f6z6a3rf2ws8223qc3xxpk
• Italian: nostr:naddr1qqxnzd3cxyunqvfhxy6rvwfjqyghwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnhd9hx2tcpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpvemhxue69uhkv6tvw3jhytnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0dec82c33xpshw7ntde4xwdtjx4kxz6nwwg6nxdpn8phxgcmedfukcem3wdexuun5wy6kwunnxsun2a35xfckxdnpwaek5dp409enw0mzwfhkzerrv9ehg0t5wf6k2qgawaehxw309a6ku6tkv4e8xefwdehhxarjd93kstnvv9hxgtczyzd9w67evpranzz2jw4m9wcygcyjhxsmcae6g5s58el5vhjnsa6lgqcyqqq823cmvvp6c thanks to nostr:npub1d57clc5wacyga7xyat2dkpzptedwza8ufucgr5p6hq5ecsrr5m8sjqxpr6
• Russian: nostr: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 by nostr:npub10awzknjg5r5lajnr53438ndcyjylgqsrnrtq5grs495v42qc6awsj45ys7

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Hello, fellow Nostrich!

Nostr is a brand new phenomenon and there are a few steps that will make your onboarding much smoother and your experience much richer.

👋 Welcome

Since you are reading this, it’s safe to assume that you already joined Nostr by downloading an app (e.g. Damus, Amethyst, Plebstr) for your mobile device or opening a Nostr web client (e.g. snort.social, Nostrgram, Iris). It is important for a newcomer to follow the steps suggested by the app of your choice – the welcoming procedure provides all the basics, and you won’t have to do much more tuning unless you really want to. If you’ve stumbled upon this post, but don’t have a Nostr “account” yet, you can follow this simple step-by-step guide by nostr:npub1cly0v30agkcfq40mdsndzjrn0tt76ykaan0q6ny80wy034qedpjsqwamhz.

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🤙 Have fun

Nostr is built to ensure people can connect, get heard, and have fun along the way. This is the whole point (obviously, there is a plethora of serious use cases, such as being a tool for freedom fighters and whistleblowers, but that deserves a separate article), so if you feel like anything feels burdensome, please reach out to the more experienced nostriches and we will be happy to help. Interacting with Nostr is not hard at all, but it has a few peculiarities when compared to traditional platforms, so it’s ok (and encouraged) to ask questions.

Here’s an unofficial list of Nostr ambassadors who will be happy to help you get onboard:

nostr:naddr1qqg5ummnw3ezqstdvfshxumpv3hhyuczypl4c26wfzswnlk2vwjxky7dhqjgnaqzqwvdvz3qwz5k3j4grrt46qcyqqq82vgwv96yu

All the nostriches on the list were also awarded a Nostr Ambassador badge that will make it easy for you to find, verify and follow them

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⚡️ Enable Zaps

Zaps are one of the first differences one may notice after joining Nostr. They allow Nostr users to instantly send value and support creation of useful and fun content. This is possible thanks to Bitcoin and Lightning Network. These decentralized payment protocols let you instantly send some sats (the smallest unit on the Bitcoin network) just as easily as liking someone’s post on traditional social media platforms. We call this model Value-4-Value and you can find more about this ultimate monetization model here: https://dergigi.com/value/

Check out this note by nostr:npub18ams6ewn5aj2n3wt2qawzglx9mr4nzksxhvrdc4gzrecw7n5tvjqctp424 that is a great intro to what zaps are.

You should enable Zaps even if you do not consider yourself a content creator – people will find some of your notes valuable and might want to send you some sats. The easiest way to start receiving value on Nostr onley takes a couple steps:

1. Download Wallet of Satoshi - probably the best choice for those who are new to Bitcoin and Lightning for your mobile device.[^1] Note that there are many more wallets and you are welcome to choose the one that suits you best. Also, don't forget to come back and back up your wallet.
2. Tap “Receive”
3. Tap the Lightning Address you see on the screen (the string which looks like an email address) to copy it to the clipboard.
4. Paste the copied address into the corresponding field in your Nostr client (the field may say “Bitcoin Lightning Address”, “LN Address” or anything along those lines depending on the app you are using).

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📫 Get a Nostr address

Nostr address, often referred to as a “NIP-05 identifier” by the Nostr OGs, looks like an email and:

🔍 Helps you make your account easy to discover and share
✔️ Serves as a verification you are a human

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Here's an example of a Nostr address: Tony@nostr.21ideas.org It's easy to memorize and later paste into any Nostr app to find the corresponding user.

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To get a Nostr address you can use a free service like Nostr Check (by nostr:npub138s5hey76qrnm2pmv7p8nnffhfddsm8sqzm285dyc0wy4f8a6qkqtzx624) or a paid one like Nostr Plebs (by nostr:npub18ams6ewn5aj2n3wt2qawzglx9mr4nzksxhvrdc4gzrecw7n5tvjqctp424). Both offer different perks, and it's up to you to decide which one to use. Another way of getting a Nostr address is using a browser extension. Find out more about this approach here) .

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🙇‍♀️ Learn the basics

Under the hood Nostr is very different from traditional social platforms, so getting a basic understanding of what it is about will be beneficial for any newcomer. Don’t get me wrong, I’m not suggesting you should learn a programming language or technical details of the protocol. I’m implying that seeing a bigger picture and understanding the difference between Nostr and Twitter / Medium / Reddit will help a lot. For example, there are no passwords and logins, you have private and public keys instead. I won’t go deep into that, ‘cause there is a handful of exhaustive resources that will help you grokk Nostr. All of the ones worthy your attention are gathered on this neatly organized landing page prepared by nostr:npub12gu8c6uee3p243gez6cgk76362admlqe72aq3kp2fppjsjwmm7eqj9fle6 with 💜

Info provided by the mentioned resources will also help you secure your Nostr keys (i.e. your account), so it’s important to have a look.

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🤝 Connect

Ability to connect with brilliant [^3] people is what makes Nostr special. Here everyone can get heard and no one can get excluded. There are a few simple ways to find interesting people on Nostr:

• Find people you follow on Twitter: https://www.nostr.directory/ is a great tool for that.
• Follow people followed by people you trust: Visit a profile of a person who shares your interests, check the list of people they follow and connect with them.

• Visit Global Feed: Every Nostr client (a Nostr app, if you will) has a tab that lets you switch to the Global Feed, which aggregates all the notes from all Nostr users. Simply follow people you find interesting (be patient though – you might run into a decent amount of spam).

• Use #hashtags: Hashtags are a great way to concentrate on the topics you like. Simply tap on a #hashtag you find interesting and you’ll see more notes related to the topic. You can also search for hashtags in the app you are using. Do not forget to use hashtags when composing notes to increase discoverability.

https://nostr.build/i/0df18c4a9b38f1d9dcb49a5df3e552963156927632458390a9393d6fee286631.jpg Screenshot of https://nostrgraph.net/ dashboard by nostr:npub1ktw5qzt7f5ztrft0kwm9lsw34tef9xknplvy936ddzuepp6yf9dsjrmrvj

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🗺️ Explore

The mentioned 5 steps are a great start that will massively improve your experience, but there’s so much more to discover and enjoy! Nostr is not a Twitter replacement, its possibilities are only limited by imagination.

Have a look at the list of fun and useful Nostr projects:

• https://nostrapps.com/ a list of Nostr apps
• https://nostrplebs.com/ – get your NIP-05 and other Nostr perks (paid)
• https://nostrcheck.me/ – Nostr address, media uploads, relay
• https://nostr.build/ – upload and manage media (and more)
• https://nostr.band/ – Nostr network and user info
• https://zaplife.lol/ – zapping stats
• https://nostrit.com/ – schedule notes
• https://nostrnests.com/ – Twitter Spaces 2.0
• https://nostryfied.online/ - back up your Nostr info
• https://www.wavman.app/ - Nostr music player

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📻 Relays

After getting acquainted with Nostr make sure to check out my quick guide on Nostr relays: https://lnshort.it/nostr-relays. It’s not the topic to worry about at the very beginning of your journey, but is definitely important to dive into later on.

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📱 Nostr on mobile

Smooth Nostr experience on mobile devices is feasible. This guide will help you seamlessly log in, post, zap, and more within Nostr web applications on your smartphone: https://lnshort.it/nostr-mobile

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Thanks for reading and see you on the other side of the rabbit hole.

nostr:npub10awzknjg5r5lajnr53438ndcyjylgqsrnrtq5grs495v42qc6awsj45ys7

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[^1]: Do not forget

@ 23202132:eab3af30

É possível afirmar que a crise financeira internacional de 2007 e 2008, impulsionada pela globalização neoliberal e a desregulamentação financeira, conduziu à instabilidade do valor das moedas e geraram uma insegurança econômica extraordinária. É nesse cenário que a criptomoeda Bitcoin surge.

Posteriormente o uso de novas tecnologias descentralizadas capazes de gerar criptomoedas, baseadas na blockchain, tornou-se o principal desafio assumido pelas principais corporações financeiras e comerciais do período atual, como IBM, Google, Apple, Microsoft, Samsung e Amazon.

A tecnologia que envolve a criptomoeda BTC é considerada por muitos como uma revolução que se iguala ao fenômeno da invenção da internet. Entenda um pouco sobre as criptomoedas com este artigo acadêmico em https://www.revistas.usp.br/geousp/article/view/134538/130348

A revolução foi tanta que na atualidade é possível fazer graduação no assunto, veja em: https://www.anhanguera.com/curso/blockchain-criptomoedas-e-financas-na-era-digital-tecnologo/

A profissão relacionada com tecnologia blockchain é bem requisitada no mercado de trabalho. Para quem busca uma graduação em tecnologia é relevante considerar esta possibilidade.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Já pensou em testar uma rede social descentralizada que não monitora nem coleta seus dados pessoais. Você pode convidar seus amigos e não precisa se preocupar com os seus dados.

O Minds oferece inúmeras funcionalidades que além de garantirem a privacidade dos utilizadores, permitem também a promoção e pagamentos através do token digital da plataforma.

Os usuários podem executar publicações, comentários e enviar mensagens: Você tem o mesmo desempenho de outras redes sociais.

As vantagens de redes sociais descentralizadas incluem resistência à censura, governança de dados pessoais, curadoria melhorada de conteúdo e novos modelos de monetização de conteúdo baseados em criptomoedas.

Participar de uma rede descentralizada pode ser uma boa ideia se você deseja conhecer um pouco mais sobre esse tipo de ambiente integrado com o protocolo Nostr.

@ 23202132:eab3af30

O Wetapunga é um tipo de gafanhoto que pode crescer até 10 centímetros de comprimento e obter uma largura de 20 centímetros entre uma perna e outra. É atualmente o maior e mais pesado inseto vivo no mundo.

Este inseto esteve presente em toda Oceania e acabou sendo exterminado com a chegada de ratos vindos acidentalmente nos navios da época. O estranho bichinho da foto acima vive em uma das pequenas ilhas da Nova Zelândia e pode assustar alguns turistas.

A criatura é noturna e conhecida como Wetapunga ou “deus das coisas feias” e pesa o mesmo que um pequeno pássaro. O pesquisador Dr. Thomas Buckley diz que o inseto da foto é uma fêmea de tamanho médio e que embora a espécie esteja ameaçada, eles são encontrados com facilidade na ilha. O maior gafanhoto já registrado pesava 71 gramas, peso superior ao de um pardal médio.

Você pode assistir um simpático vídeo sobre este inseto https://cos.tv/videos/play/33855361589481472

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Os Manuscritos do Mar Morto foram descobertos em 1947 e são os mais velhosmanuscritos bíblicos até o momento. Cinco pergaminhos estão disponíveis para acesso público no site do Museu de Israel.

Os manuscritos possuem importância histórica e religiosa. Eles foram fotografados em até 1.200 megapixels, resolução suficiente para que você possa ampliar e ver rachaduras e descoloração.

Esta é uma iniciativa firmada em 2011 numa parceria entre o Museu de Israel e o Google. O site do museu é em inglês, mas usando algum tradutor automático como o encontrado no Google Chrome é possível acessar sem muita dificuldade os menus e orientações em língua portuguesa.

Abaixo de cada pergaminho existe uma descrição textual histórica que contextualiza o documento e sua importância. Ao clicar em algum verbete no manuscrito, surge a tradução em inglês ou em português para quem usar o tradutor automático. Acesse o museu de Israel em: http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/isaiah

@ 23202132:eab3af30

Motivado em compreender a dinâmica do raciocínio humano e identificar falhas e acertos em nossa percepção, o filósofo Aristóteles no século IV antes de Cristo foi o primeiro a elaborar uma metodologia com regras rígidas para identificar argumentos certos e errados, distinguindo interferências no raciocínio, validando o pensamento organizado.

A lógica é uma ciência que se preocupa com o caminho do raciocínio, em outras palavras, busca identificar como o pensamento é organizado.

A principal regra da lógica de Aristóteles é a não-contradição. Chamamos de falácia quando uma argumentação é contraditória. Muitas das afirmações que escutamos diariamente quando fundamentadas demonstram-se falácias, principalmente as afirmações generalizadas.

Segue um exemplo:

Correr diariamente 30 minutos faz bem a saúde de todas as pessoas.

Observe que a frase acima é generalizada e ignora pessoas vitimadas por problemas na coluna, ortopédicos, entre outros. Ao tentar fundamentar o raciocínio acima vai ocorrer a contradição, nem todas as pessoas são aptas ao exercício. Possuímos aqui uma falácia, como existe uma contradição não é possível sustentar afirmação.

Já a afirmação abaixo:

Todos os seres vivos são mortais

Esta é uma conclusão coerente, é possível perceber que não existe registro de seres vivos que não morrem.

Para não ocorrer erro de raciocínio é importante que ao concluir um determinado pensamento a pessoa descreva sua afirmação dentro de um contexto detalhado e não use afirmações generalizadas.

Observe que as generalizações contam com a interpretação implícita dos argumentos. Neste sentido, fica oculto o contexto, permitindo que cada pessoa imagine um contexto independente da real aplicação da frase.

Assim deveria ser o raciocínio.

Correr diariamente 30 minutos faz bem a saúde de todas as pessoas que, após consulta médica e exames de capacidade física forem diagnosticadas aptas para o exercício.

Pode parecer bobagem, mas diariamente recebemos informações sem nenhuma fundamentação e conseqüentemente nos iludimos. O maior problema é que estas ilusões irão formar nossa base de conhecimento para aplicação do raciocínio.

Não existe aplicação da lógica se a informação não for fundamentada e/ou validada. Observe que lógicas é uma metodologia com regras rígidas que exigem a fundamentação e validação do raciocínio.

Certa vez um professor levou para a sala de aula uma foto de uma pessoa caindo do décimo segundo andar de um prédio. Ao mostrar a foto para os alunos o professor pediu que estes concluíram o que teria ocorrido com a pessoa que aparecia em queda livre.

Rapidamente sem nenhum questionamento prévio, todos concluíram, morreu!

Afinal é muito difícil alguém cair do décimo segundo andar e sair vivo.

A foto era de um dublê que foi fotografado no momento do ensaio de uma queda, ninguém morreu.

No entanto, foi possível manipular a informação mostrando uma foto sugestiva e sem contexto adequado, Observe que mesmo usando o raciocínio fundamentado para se chegar em um resultado dentro da realidade é importante que as informações observadas sejam questionadas quanto a sua veracidade e contexto.

Alguns autores comparam a lógica como uma estrada, um caminho por onde a informação é organizada. É importante lembrar que uma conclusão correta não significa necessariamente uma informação verdadeira. A lógica é uma ferramenta que garante o raciocínio correto e não a informação correta.

Basicamente, Aristóteles trabalhou com validação lógica através do conceito de verdadeiro ou falso, usando um raciocínio binário onde só existem afirmações verdadeiras e/ou falsas, sem meio termo.

Seguindo a mesma linha de raciocínio de Aristóteles o matemático George Boole (1815-1864) criou o cálculo de Boole ou lógica Booleana. Esta metodologia é usada na criação do computador e dos circuitos eletrônicos digitais.

Outros pensadores foram surgindo no decorrer de nossa evolução e complementado o que hoje conhecemos por lógica.

Além da lógica de Aristóteles, existem outras metodologias de raciocínio como a lógica não-clássica, lógica paraconsistente e ainda a lógica de Fuzzy, lógica matemática e outras.

Não pretendo comentar cada um dos conceitos lógicos, mas gostaria de salientar um pouco e resumidamente a Fuzzy Logic ou em português, lógica difusa. Diferente do raciocínio Aristotélico a Lógica Difusa trabalha com o conceito de dualidade onde opostos devem coexistir. Basicamente este tipo de raciocínio é mais eficiente em trabalhos com informações vagas ou imperfeitas.

A Lógica Fuzzy trabalha com o raciocínio de aproximação de possibilidades, é mais eficiente em alguns casos que a teoria da probabilidade, já que é possível na Lógica Fuzzy trabalhar o raciocínio de uma forma ainda mais flexível que a própria probabilidade.

A lógica Fuzzy é largamente usada na Inteligência Artificial. Observe o leitor que a lógica Aristotélica e a Lógica de Fuzzy são basicamente opostas em seus conceitos uma trabalha de forma rígida com apenas situações verdadeiras ou falsas enquanto a outra usa de variações da percepção e atua por resultado aproximado.

Cada metodologia lógica é eficiente em uma determinada situação.

Quando alguém afirma alguma coisa, não esqueça de avaliar a fundamentação das afirmações bem como o tipo de lógica empregada e procure manter a mente aberta.

Para processar uma informação é importante que os fatos avaliados no raciocínio aplicado sejam verdadeiros, em outras palavras, sempre avalie o contexto das afirmações e questione quanto sua veracidade.

Quando uma afirmação é precisa procure observar a fundamentação através da Lógica Aristotélica, mas se a informação for vaga e não existe maneira de verificar a consistência, usar Lógica por aproximação de resultados é o mais indicado.

Aplicando a lógica certa para um determinado problema e sendo a informação verdadeira, o resultado será o mais próximo possível da realidade. Para traçar perfil de comportamento, os criminalistas usam do conhecimento lógico no intuito de identificar padrões existentes em uma determinada pessoa.

Através do conhecimento das diversas formas lógicas existentes, podemos construir uma grande variedade de soluções, identificar o perfil de pessoas e até mesmo verificar com maior clareza a consistência dos argumentos que diariamente nos são apresentados, diferenciando os enganos e mentiras e as afirmações consistentes.

A aprendizado de qualquer área do conhecimento, torna-se mais fácil quando o estudante domina a lógica do conteúdo estudado, neste sentido, é aconselhável praticar o raciocínio lógico no intuito de aperfeiçoar a técnica de entendimento, identificando assim, os diferentes critérios de realidade apresentados em cada conteúdo.

@ e6ce6154:275e3444

Este artigo foi censurado pelo estado e fomos obrigados a deletá-lo após ameaça de homens armados virem nos visitar e agredir nossa vida e propriedade.

Isto é mais uma prova que os autoproclamados antirracistas são piores que os racistas.

https://rothbardbrasil.com/pelo-direito-de-ser-racista-fascista-machista-e-homofobico

Segue artigo na íntegra. 👇

Sem dúvida, a escalada autoritária do totalitarismo cultural progressista nos últimos anos tem sido sumariamente deletéria e prejudicial para a liberdade de expressão. Como seria de se esperar, a cada dia que passa o autoritarismo progressista continua a se expandir de maneira irrefreável, prejudicando a liberdade dos indivíduos de formas cada vez mais deploráveis e contundentes.

Com a ascensão da tirania politicamente correta e sua invasão a todos os terrenos culturais, o autoritarismo progressista foi se alastrando e consolidando sua hegemonia em determinados segmentos. Com a eventual eclosão e a expansão da opressiva e despótica cultura do cancelamento — uma progênie inevitável do totalitarismo progressista —, todas as pessoas que manifestam opiniões, crenças ou posicionamentos que não estão alinhados com as pautas universitárias da moda tornam-se um alvo.

Há algumas semanas, vimos a enorme repercussão causada pelo caso envolvendo o jogador profissional de vôlei Maurício Sousa, que foi cancelado pelo simples fato de ter emitido sua opinião pessoal sobre um personagem de história em quadrinhos, Jon Kent, o novo Superman, que é bissexual. Maurício Sousa reprovou a conduta sexual do personagem, o que é um direito pessoal inalienável que ele tem. Ele não é obrigado a gostar ou aprovar a bissexualidade. Como qualquer pessoa, ele tem o direito pleno de criticar tudo aquilo que ele não gosta. No entanto, pelo simples fato de emitir a sua opinião pessoal, Maurício Sousa foi acusado de homofobia e teve seu contrato rescindido, sendo desligado do Minas Tênis Clube.

Lamentavelmente, Maurício Sousa não foi o primeiro e nem será o último indivíduo a sofrer com a opressiva e autoritária cultura do cancelamento. Como uma tirania cultural que está em plena ascensão e usufrui de um amplo apoio do establishment, essa nova forma de totalitarismo cultural colorido e festivo está se impondo de formas e maneiras bastante contundentes em praticamente todas as esferas da sociedade contemporânea. Sua intenção é relegar ao ostracismo todos aqueles que não se curvam ao totalitarismo progressista, criminalizando opiniões e crenças que divergem do culto à libertinagem hedonista pós-moderna. Oculto por trás de todo esse ativismo autoritário, o que temos de fato é uma profunda hostilidade por padrões morais tradicionalistas, cristãos e conservadores.

No entanto, é fundamental entendermos uma questão imperativa, que explica em partes o conflito aqui criado — todos os progressistas contemporâneos são crias oriundas do direito positivo. Por essa razão, eles jamais entenderão de forma pragmática e objetiva conceitos como criminalidade, direitos de propriedade, agressão e liberdade de expressão pela perspectiva do jusnaturalismo, que é manifestamente o direito em seu estado mais puro, correto, ético e equilibrado.

Pela ótica jusnaturalista, uma opinião é uma opinião. Ponto final. E absolutamente ninguém deve ser preso, cancelado, sabotado ou boicotado por expressar uma opinião particular sobre qualquer assunto. Palavras não agridem ninguém, portanto jamais poderiam ser consideradas um crime em si. Apenas deveriam ser tipificados como crimes agressões de caráter objetivo, como roubo, sequestro, fraude, extorsão, estupro e infrações similares, que representam uma ameaça direta à integridade física da vítima, ou que busquem subtrair alguma posse empregando a violência.

Infelizmente, a geração floquinho de neve — terrivelmente histérica, egocêntrica e sensível — fica profundamente ofendida e consternada sempre que alguém defende posicionamentos contrários à religião progressista. Por essa razão, os guerreiros da justiça social sinceramente acreditam que o papai-estado deve censurar todas as opiniões que eles não gostam de ouvir, assim como deve também criar leis para encarcerar todos aqueles que falam ou escrevem coisas que desagradam a militância.

Como a geração floquinho de neve foi criada para acreditar que todas as suas vontades pessoais e disposições ideológicas devem ser sumariamente atendidas pelo papai-estado, eles embarcaram em uma cruzada moral que pretende erradicar todas as coisas que são ofensivas à ideologia progressista; só assim eles poderão deflagrar na Terra o seu tão sonhado paraíso hedonista e igualitário, de inimaginável esplendor e felicidade.

Em virtude do seu comportamento intrinsecamente despótico, autoritário e egocêntrico, acaba sendo inevitável que militantes progressistas problematizem tudo aquilo que os desagrada.

Como são criaturas inúteis destituídas de ocupação real e verdadeiro sentido na vida, sendo oprimidas unicamente na sua própria imaginação, militantes progressistas precisam constantemente inventar novos vilões para serem combatidos.

Partindo dessa perspectiva, é natural para a militância que absolutamente tudo que exista no mundo e que não se enquadra com as regras autoritárias e restritivas da religião progressista seja encarado como um problema. Para a geração floquinho de neve, o capitalismo é um problema. O fascismo é um problema. A iniciativa privada é um problema. O homem branco, tradicionalista, conservador e heterossexual é um problema. A desigualdade é um problema. A liberdade é um problema. Monteiro Lobato é um problema (sim, até mesmo o renomado ícone da literatura brasileira, autor — entre outros títulos — de Urupês, foi vítima da cultura do cancelamento, acusado de ser racista e eugenista).

Para a esquerda, praticamente tudo é um problema. Na mentalidade da militância progressista, tudo é motivo para reclamação. Foi em função desse comportamento histérico, histriônico e infantil que o famoso pensador conservador-libertário americano P. J. O’Rourke afirmou que “o esquerdismo é uma filosofia de pirralhos chorões”. O que é uma verdade absoluta e irrefutável em todos os sentidos.

De fato, todas as filosofias de esquerda de forma geral são idealizações utópicas e infantis de um mundo perfeito. Enquanto o mundo não se transformar naquela colorida e vibrante utopia que é apresentada pela cartilha socialista padrão, militantes continuarão a reclamar contra tudo o que existe no mundo de forma agressiva, visceral e beligerante. Evidentemente, eles não vão fazer absolutamente nada de positivo ou construtivo para que o mundo se transforme no gracioso paraíso que eles tanto desejam ver consolidado, mas eles continuarão a berrar e vociferar muito em sua busca incessante pela utopia, marcando presença em passeatas inúteis ou combatendo o fascismo imaginário nas redes sociais.

Sem dúvida, estamos muito perto de ver leis absurdas e estúpidas sendo implementadas, para agradar a militância da terra colorida do assistencialismo eterno onde nada é escasso e tudo cai do céu. Em breve, você não poderá usar calças pretas, pois elas serão consideradas peças de vestuário excessivamente heterossexuais. Apenas calças amarelas ou coloridas serão permitidas. Você também terá que tingir de cor-de-rosa uma mecha do seu cabelo; pois preservar o seu cabelo na sua cor natural é heteronormativo demais da sua parte, sendo portanto um componente demasiadamente opressor da sociedade.

Você também não poderá ver filmes de guerra ou de ação, apenas comédias românticas, pois certos gêneros de filmes exaltam a violência do patriarcado e isso impede o mundo de se tornar uma graciosa festa colorida de fraternidades universitárias ungidas por pôneis resplandecentes, hedonismo infinito, vadiagem universitária e autogratificação psicodélica, que certamente são elementos indispensáveis para se produzir o paraíso na Terra.

Sabemos perfeitamente, no entanto, que dentre as atitudes “opressivas” que a militância progressista mais se empenha em combater, estão o racismo, o fascismo, o machismo e a homofobia. No entanto, é fundamental entender que ser racista, fascista, machista ou homofóbico não são crimes em si. Na prática, todos esses elementos são apenas traços de personalidade; e eles não podem ser pura e simplesmente criminalizados porque ideólogos e militantes progressistas iluminados não gostam deles.

Tanto pela ética quanto pela ótica jusnaturalista, é facilmente compreensível entender que esses traços de personalidade não podem ser criminalizados ou proibidos simplesmente porque integrantes de uma ideologia não tem nenhuma apreciação ou simpatia por eles. Da mesma forma, nenhum desses traços de personalidade representa em si um perigo para a sociedade, pelo simples fato de existir. Por incrível que pareça, até mesmo o machismo, o racismo, o fascismo e a homofobia merecem a devida apologia.

Mas vamos analisar cada um desses tópicos separadamente para entender isso melhor.

Racismo

Quando falamos no Japão, normalmente não fazemos nenhuma associação da sociedade japonesa com o racismo. No entanto, é incontestável o fato de que a sociedade japonesa pode ser considerada uma das sociedades mais racistas do mundo. E a verdade é que não há absolutamente nada de errado com isso.

Aproximadamente 97% da população do Japão é nativa; apenas 3% do componente populacional é constituído por estrangeiros (a população do Japão é estimada em aproximadamente 126 milhões de habitantes). Isso faz a sociedade japonesa ser uma das mais homogêneas do mundo. As autoridades japonesas reconhecidamente dificultam processos de seleção e aplicação a estrangeiros que desejam se tornar residentes. E a maioria dos japoneses aprova essa decisão.

Diversos estabelecimentos comerciais como hotéis, bares e restaurantes por todo o país tem placas na entrada que dizem “somente para japoneses” e a maioria destes estabelecimentos se recusa ostensivamente a atender ou aceitar clientes estrangeiros, não importa quão ricos ou abastados sejam.

Na Terra do Sol Nascente, a hostilidade e a desconfiança natural para com estrangeiros é tão grande que até mesmo indivíduos que nascem em algum outro país, mas são filhos de pais japoneses, não são considerados cidadãos plenamente japoneses.

Se estes indivíduos decidem sair do seu país de origem para se estabelecer no Japão — mesmo tendo descendência nipônica legítima e inquestionável —, eles enfrentarão uma discriminação social considerável, especialmente se não dominarem o idioma japonês de forma impecável. Esse fato mostra que a discriminação é uma parte tão indissociável quanto elementar da sociedade japonesa, e ela está tão profundamente arraigada à cultura nipônica que é praticamente impossível alterá-la ou atenuá-la por qualquer motivo.

A verdade é que — quando falamos de um país como o Japão — nem todos os discursos politicamente corretos do mundo, nem a histeria progressista ocidental mais inflamada poderão algum dia modificar, extirpar ou sequer atenuar o componente racista da cultura nipônica. E isso é consequência de uma questão tão simples quanto primordial: discriminar faz parte da natureza humana, sendo tanto um direito individual quanto um elemento cultural inerente à muitas nações do mundo. Os japoneses não tem problema algum em admitir ou institucionalizar o seu preconceito, justamente pelo fato de que a ideologia politicamente correta não tem no oriente a força e a presença que tem no ocidente.

E é fundamental enfatizar que, sendo de natureza pacífica — ou seja, não violando nem agredindo terceiros —, a discriminação é um recurso natural dos seres humanos, que está diretamente associada a questões como familiaridade e segurança.

Absolutamente ninguém deve ser forçado a apreciar ou integrar-se a raças, etnias, pessoas ou tribos que não lhe transmitem sentimentos de segurança ou familiaridade. Integração forçada é o verdadeiro crime, e isso diversos países europeus — principalmente os escandinavos (países que lideram o ranking de submissão à ideologia politicamente correta) — aprenderam da pior forma possível.

A integração forçada com imigrantes islâmicos resultou em ondas de assassinato, estupro e violência inimagináveis para diversos países europeus, até então civilizados, que a imprensa ocidental politicamente correta e a militância progressista estão permanentemente tentando esconder, porque não desejam que o ocidente descubra como a agenda “humanitária” de integração forçada dos povos muçulmanos em países do Velho Mundo resultou em algumas das piores chacinas e tragédias na história recente da Europa.

Ou seja, ao discriminarem estrangeiros, os japoneses estão apenas se protegendo e lutando para preservar sua nação como um ambiente cultural, étnico e social que lhe é seguro e familiar, assim se opondo a mudanças bruscas, indesejadas e antinaturais, que poderiam comprometer a estabilidade social do país.

A discriminação — sendo de natureza pacífica —, é benévola, salutar e indubitavelmente ajuda a manter a estabilidade social da comunidade. Toda e qualquer forma de integração forçada deve ser repudiada com veemência, pois, mais cedo ou mais tarde, ela irá subverter a ordem social vigente, e sempre será acompanhada de deploráveis e dramáticos resultados.

Para citar novamente os países escandinavos, a Suécia é um excelente exemplo do que não fazer. Tendo seguido o caminho contrário ao da discriminação racional praticada pela sociedade japonesa, atualmente a sociedade sueca — além de afundar de forma consistente na lama da libertinagem, da decadência e da deterioração progressista — sofre em demasia com os imigrantes muçulmanos, que foram deixados praticamente livres para matar, saquear, esquartejar e estuprar quem eles quiserem. Hoje, eles são praticamente intocáveis, visto que denunciá-los, desmoralizá-los ou acusá-los de qualquer crime é uma atitude politicamente incorreta e altamente reprovada pelo establishment progressista. A elite socialista sueca jamais se atreve a acusá-los de qualquer crime, pois temem ser classificados como xenófobos e intolerantes. Ou seja, a desgraça da Europa, sobretudo dos países escandinavos, foi não ter oferecido nenhuma resistência à ideologia progressista politicamente correta. Hoje, eles são totalmente submissos a ela.

O exemplo do Japão mostra, portanto — para além de qualquer dúvida —, a importância ética e prática da discriminação, que é perfeitamente aceitável e natural, sendo uma tendência inerente aos seres humanos, e portanto intrínseca a determinados comportamentos, sociedades e culturas.

Indo ainda mais longe nessa questão, devemos entender que na verdade todos nós discriminamos, e não existe absolutamente nada de errado nisso. Discriminar pessoas faz parte da natureza humana e quem se recusa a admitir esse fato é um hipócrita. Mulheres discriminam homens na hora de selecionar um parceiro; elas avaliam diversos quesitos, como altura, aparência, status social, condição financeira e carisma. E dentre suas opções, elas sempre escolherão o homem mais atraente, másculo e viril, em detrimento de todos os baixinhos, calvos, carentes, frágeis e inibidos que possam estar disponíveis. Da mesma forma, homens sempre terão preferência por mulheres jovens, atraentes e delicadas, em detrimento de todas as feministas de meia-idade, acima do peso, de cabelo pintado, que são mães solteiras e militantes socialistas. A própria militância progressista discrimina pessoas de forma virulenta e intransigente, como fica evidente no tratamento que dispensam a mulheres bolsonaristas e a negros de direita.

A verdade é que — não importa o nível de histeria da militância progressista — a discriminação é inerente à condição humana e um direito natural inalienável de todos. É parte indissociável da natureza humana e qualquer pessoa pode e deve exercer esse direito sempre que desejar. Não existe absolutamente nada de errado em discriminar pessoas. O problema real é a ideologia progressista e o autoritarismo politicamente correto, movimentos tirânicos que não respeitam o direito das pessoas de discriminar.

Fascismo

Quando falamos de fascismo, precisamos entender que, para a esquerda política, o fascismo é compreendido como um conceito completamente divorciado do seu significado original. Para um militante de esquerda, fascista é todo aquele que defende posicionamentos contrários ao progressismo, não se referindo necessariamente a um fascista clássico.

Mas, seja como for, é necessário entender que — como qualquer ideologia política — até mesmo o fascismo clássico tem o direito de existir e ocupar o seu devido lugar; portanto, fascistas não devem ser arbitrariamente censurados, apesar de defenderem conceitos que representam uma completa antítese de tudo aquilo que é valioso para os entusiastas da liberdade.

Em um país como o Brasil, onde socialistas e comunistas tem total liberdade para se expressar, defender suas ideologias e até mesmo formar partidos políticos, não faz absolutamente o menor sentido que fascistas — e até mesmo nazistas assumidos — sofram qualquer tipo de discriminação. Embora socialistas e comunistas se sintam moralmente superiores aos fascistas (ou a qualquer outra filosofia política ou escola de pensamento), sabemos perfeitamente que o seu senso de superioridade é fruto de uma pueril romantização universitária da sua própria ideologia. A história mostra efetivamente que o socialismo clássico e o comunismo causaram muito mais destruição do que o fascismo.

Portanto, se socialistas e comunistas tem total liberdade para se expressar, não existe a menor razão para que fascistas não usufruam dessa mesma liberdade.

É claro, nesse ponto, seremos invariavelmente confrontados por um oportuno dilema — o famoso paradoxo da intolerância, de Karl Popper. Até que ponto uma sociedade livre e tolerante deve tolerar a intolerância (inerente a ideologias totalitárias)?

As leis de propriedade privada resolveriam isso em uma sociedade livre. O mais importante a levarmos em consideração no atual contexto, no entanto — ao defender ou criticar uma determinada ideologia, filosofia ou escola de pensamento —, é entender que, seja ela qual for, ela tem o direito de existir. E todas as pessoas que a defendem tem o direito de defendê-la, da mesma maneira que todos os seus detratores tem o direito de criticá-la.

Essa é uma forte razão para jamais apoiarmos a censura. Muito pelo contrário, devemos repudiar com veemência e intransigência toda e qualquer forma de censura, especialmente a estatal.

Existem duas fortes razões para isso:

A primeira delas é a volatilidade da censura (especialmente a estatal). A censura oficial do governo, depois que é implementada, torna-se absolutamente incontrolável. Hoje, ela pode estar apontada para um grupo de pessoas cujas ideias divergem das suas. Mas amanhã, ela pode estar apontada justamente para as ideias que você defende. É fundamental, portanto, compreendermos que a censura estatal é incontrolável. Sob qualquer ponto de vista, é muito mais vantajoso que exista uma vasta pluralidade de ideias conflitantes na sociedade competindo entre si, do que o estado decidir que ideias podem ser difundidas ou não.

Além do mais, libertários e anarcocapitalistas não podem nunca esperar qualquer tipo de simpatia por parte das autoridades governamentais. Para o estado, seria infinitamente mais prático e vantajoso criminalizar o libertarianismo e o anarcocapitalismo — sob a alegação de que são filosofias perigosas difundidas por extremistas radicais que ameaçam o estado democrático de direito — do que o fascismo ou qualquer outra ideologia centralizada em governos burocráticos e onipotentes. Portanto, defender a censura, especialmente a estatal, representa sempre um perigo para o próprio indivíduo, que mais cedo ou mais tarde poderá ver a censura oficial do sistema se voltar contra ele.

Outra razão pela qual libertários jamais devem defender a censura, é porque — ao contrário dos estatistas — não é coerente que defensores da liberdade se comportem como se o estado fosse o seu papai e o governo fosse a sua mamãe. Não devemos terceirizar nossas próprias responsabilidades, tampouco devemos nos comportar como adultos infantilizados. Assumimos a responsabilidade de combater todas as ideologias e filosofias que agridem a liberdade e os seres humanos. Não procuramos políticos ou burocratas para executar essa tarefa por nós.

Portanto, se você ver um fascista sendo censurado nas redes sociais ou em qualquer outro lugar, assuma suas dores. Sinta-se compelido a defendê-lo, mostre aos seus detratores que ele tem todo direito de se expressar, como qualquer pessoa. Você não tem obrigação de concordar com ele ou apreciar as ideias que ele defende. Mas silenciar arbitrariamente qualquer pessoa não é uma pauta que honra a liberdade.

Se você não gosta de estado, planejamento central, burocracia, impostos, tarifas, políticas coletivistas, nacionalistas e desenvolvimentistas, mostre com argumentos coesos e convincentes porque a liberdade e o livre mercado são superiores a todos esses conceitos. Mas repudie a censura com intransigência e mordacidade.

Em primeiro lugar, porque você aprecia e defende a liberdade de expressão para todas as pessoas. E em segundo lugar, por entender perfeitamente que — se a censura eventualmente se tornar uma política de estado vigente entre a sociedade — é mais provável que ela atinja primeiro os defensores da liberdade do que os defensores do estado.

Machismo

Muitos elementos do comportamento masculino que hoje são atacados com virulência e considerados machistas pelo movimento progressista são na verdade manifestações naturais intrínsecas ao homem, que nossos avôs cultivaram ao longo de suas vidas sem serem recriminados por isso. Com a ascensão do feminismo, do progressismo e a eventual problematização do sexo masculino, o antagonismo militante dos principais líderes da revolução sexual da contracultura passou a naturalmente condenar todos os atributos genuinamente masculinos, por considerá-los símbolos de opressão e dominação social.

Apesar do Brasil ser uma sociedade liberal ultra-progressista, onde o estado protege mais as mulheres do que as crianças — afinal, a cada semana novas leis são implementadas concedendo inúmeros privilégios e benefícios às mulheres, aos quais elas jamais teriam direito em uma sociedade genuinamente machista e patriarcal —, a esquerda política persiste em tentar difundir a fantasia da opressão masculina e o mito de que vivemos em uma sociedade machista e patriarcal.

Como sempre, a realidade mostra um cenário muito diferente daquilo que é pregado pela militância da terra da fantasia. O Brasil atual não tem absolutamente nada de machista ou patriarcal. No Brasil, mulheres podem votar, podem ocupar posições de poder e autoridade tanto na esfera pública quanto em companhias privadas, podem se candidatar a cargos políticos, podem ser vereadoras, deputadas, governadoras, podem ser proprietárias do próprio negócio, podem se divorciar, podem dirigir, podem comprar armas, podem andar de biquíni nas praias, podem usar saias extremamente curtas, podem ver programas de televisão sobre sexo voltados única e exclusivamente para o público feminino, podem se casar com outras mulheres, podem ser promíscuas, podem consumir bebidas alcoólicas ao ponto da embriaguez, e podem fazer praticamente tudo aquilo que elas desejarem. No Brasil do século XXI, as mulheres são genuinamente livres para fazer as próprias escolhas em praticamente todos os aspectos de suas vidas. O que mostra efetivamente que a tal opressão do patriarcado não existe.

O liberalismo social extremo do qual as mulheres usufruem no Brasil atual — e que poderíamos estender a toda a sociedade contemporânea ocidental — é suficiente para desmantelar completamente a fábula feminista da sociedade patriarcal machista e opressora, que existe única e exclusivamente no mundinho de fantasias ideológicas da esquerda progressista.

Tão importante quanto, é fundamental compreender que nenhum homem é obrigado a levar o feminismo a sério ou considerá-lo um movimento social e político legítimo. Para um homem, ser considerado machista ou até mesmo assumir-se como um não deveria ser um problema. O progressismo e o feminismo — com o seu nefasto hábito de demonizar os homens, bem como todos os elementos inerentes ao comportamento e a cultura masculina — é que são o verdadeiro problema, conforme tentam modificar o homem para transformá-lo em algo que ele não é nem deveria ser: uma criatura dócil, passiva e submissa, que é comandada por ideologias hostis e antinaturais, que não respeitam a hierarquia de uma ordem social milenar e condições inerentes à própria natureza humana. Com o seu hábito de tentar modificar tudo através de leis e decretos, o feminismo e o progressismo mostram efetivamente que o seu real objetivo é criminalizar a masculinidade.

A verdade é que — usufruindo de um nível elevado de liberdades — não existe praticamente nada que a mulher brasileira do século XXI não possa fazer. Adicionalmente, o governo dá as mulheres uma quantidade tão avassaladora de vantagens, privilégios e benefícios, que está ficando cada vez mais difícil para elas encontrarem razões válidas para reclamarem da vida. Se o projeto de lei que pretende fornecer um auxílio mensal de mil e duzentos reais para mães solteiras for aprovado pelo senado, muitas mulheres que tem filhos não precisarão nem mesmo trabalhar para ter sustento. E tantas outras procurarão engravidar, para ter direito a receber uma mesada mensal do governo até o seu filho completar a maioridade.

O que a militância colorida da terra da fantasia convenientemente ignora — pois a realidade nunca corresponde ao seu conto de fadas ideológico — é que o mundo de uma forma geral continua sendo muito mais implacável com os homens do que é com as mulheres. No Brasil, a esmagadora maioria dos suicídios é praticada por homens, a maioria das vítimas de homicídio são homens e de cada quatro moradores de rua, três são homens. Mas é evidente que uma sociedade liberal ultra-progressista não se importa com os homens, pois ela não é influenciada por fatos concretos ou pela realidade. Seu objetivo é simplesmente atender as disposições de uma agenda ideológica, não importa quão divorciadas da realidade elas são.

O nível exacerbado de liberdades sociais e privilégios governamentais dos quais as mulheres brasileiras usufruem é suficiente para destruir a fantasiosa fábula da sociedade machista, opressora e patriarcal. Se as mulheres brasileiras não estão felizes, a culpa definitivamente não é dos homens. Se a vasta profusão de liberdades, privilégios e benefícios da sociedade ocidental não as deixa plenamente saciadas e satisfeitas, elas podem sempre mudar de ares e tentar uma vida mais abnegada e espartana em países como Irã, Paquistão ou Afeganistão. Quem sabe assim elas não se sentirão melhores e mais realizadas?

Homofobia

Quando falamos em homofobia, entramos em uma categoria muito parecida com a do racismo: o direito de discriminação é totalmente válido. Absolutamente ninguém deve ser obrigado a aceitar homossexuais ou considerar o homossexualismo como algo normal. Sendo cristão, não existe nem sequer a mais vaga possibilidade de que algum dia eu venha a aceitar o homossexualismo como algo natural. O homossexualismo se qualifica como um grave desvio de conduta e um pecado contra o Criador.

A Bíblia proíbe terminantemente conduta sexual imoral, o que — além do homossexualismo — inclui adultério, fornicação, incesto e bestialidade, entre outras formas igualmente pérfidas de degradação.

Segue abaixo três passagens bíblicas que proíbem terminantemente a conduta homossexual:

“Não te deitarás com um homem como se deita com uma mulher. Isso é abominável!” (Levítico 18:22 — King James Atualizada)

“Se um homem se deitar com outro homem, como se deita com mulher, ambos terão praticado abominação; certamente serão mortos; o seu sangue estará sobre eles.” (Levítico 20:13 — João Ferreira de Almeida Atualizada)

“O quê! Não sabeis que os injustos não herdarão o reino de Deus? Não sejais desencaminhados. Nem fornicadores, nem idólatras, nem adúlteros, nem homens mantidos para propósitos desnaturais, nem homens que se deitam com homens, nem ladrões, nem gananciosos, nem beberrões, nem injuriadores, nem extorsores herdarão o reino de Deus.” (1 Coríntios 6:9,10 —Tradução do Novo Mundo das Escrituras Sagradas com Referências)

Se você não é religioso, pode simplesmente levar em consideração o argumento do respeito pela ordem natural. A ordem natural é incondicional e incisiva com relação a uma questão: o complemento de tudo o que existe é o seu oposto, não o seu igual. O complemento do dia é a noite, o complemento da luz é a escuridão, o complemento da água, que é líquida, é a terra, que é sólida. E como sabemos o complemento do macho — de sua respectiva espécie — é a fêmea.

Portanto, o complemento do homem, o macho da espécie humana, é naturalmente a mulher, a fêmea da espécie humana. Um homem e uma mulher podem naturalmente se reproduzir, porque são um complemento biológico natural. Por outro lado, um homem e outro homem são incapazes de se reproduzir, assim como uma mulher e outra mulher.

Infelizmente, o mundo atual está longe de aceitar como plenamente estabelecida a ordem natural pelo simples fato dela existir, visto que tentam subvertê-la a qualquer custo, não importa o malabarismo intelectual que tenham que fazer para justificar os seus pontos de vista distorcidos e antinaturais. A libertinagem irrefreável e a imoralidade bestial do mundo contemporâneo pós-moderno não reconhecem nenhum tipo de limite. Quem tenta restabelecer princípios morais salutares é imediatamente considerado um vilão retrógrado e repressivo, sendo ativamente demonizado pela militância do hedonismo, da luxúria e da licenciosidade desenfreada e sem limites.

Definitivamente, fazer a apologia da moralidade, do autocontrole e do autodomínio não faz nenhum sucesso na Sodoma e Gomorra global dos dias atuais. O que faz sucesso é lacração, devassidão, promiscuidade e prazeres carnais vazios. O famoso escritor e filósofo francês Albert Camus expressou uma verdade contundente quando disse: “Uma só frase lhe bastará para definir o homem moderno — fornicava e lia jornais”.

Qualquer indivíduo tem o direito inalienável de discriminar ativamente homossexuais, pelo direito que ele julgar mais pertinente no seu caso. A objeção de consciência para qualquer situação é um direito natural dos indivíduos. Há alguns anos, um caso que aconteceu nos Estados Unidos ganhou enorme repercussão internacional, quando o confeiteiro Jack Phillips se recusou a fazer um bolo de casamento para o “casal” homossexual Dave Mullins e Charlie Craig.

Uma representação dos direitos civis do estado do Colorado abriu um inquérito contra o confeiteiro, alegando que ele deveria ser obrigado a atender todos os clientes, independente da orientação sexual, raça ou crença. Preste atenção nas palavras usadas — ele deveria ser obrigado a atender.

Como se recusou bravamente a ceder, o caso foi parar invariavelmente na Suprema Corte, que decidiu por sete a dois em favor de Jack Phillips, sob a alegação de que obrigar o confeiteiro a atender o “casal” homossexual era uma violação nefasta dos seus princípios religiosos. Felizmente, esse foi um caso em que a liberdade prevaleceu sobre a tirania progressista.

Evidentemente, homossexuais não devem ser agredidos, ofendidos, internados em clínicas contra a sua vontade, nem devem ser constrangidos em suas liberdades pelo fato de serem homossexuais. O que eles precisam entender é que a liberdade é uma via de mão dupla. Eles podem ter liberdade para adotar a conduta que desejarem e fazer o que quiserem (contanto que não agridam ninguém), mas da mesma forma, é fundamental respeitar e preservar a liberdade de terceiros que desejam rejeitá-los pacificamente, pelo motivo que for.

Afinal, ninguém tem a menor obrigação de aceitá-los, atendê-los ou sequer pensar que uma união estável entre duas pessoas do mesmo sexo — incapaz de gerar descendentes, e, portanto, antinatural — deva ser considerado um matrimônio de verdade. Absolutamente nenhuma pessoa, ideia, movimento, crença ou ideologia usufrui de plena unanimidade no mundo. Por que o homossexualismo deveria ter tal privilégio?

Homossexuais não são portadores de uma verdade definitiva, absoluta e indiscutível, que está acima da humanidade. São seres humanos comuns que — na melhor das hipóteses —, levam um estilo de vida que pode ser considerado “alternativo”, e absolutamente ninguém tem a obrigação de considerar esse estilo de vida normal ou aceitável. A única obrigação das pessoas é não interferir, e isso não implica uma obrigação em aceitar.

Discriminar homossexuais (assim como pessoas de qualquer outro grupo, raça, religião, nacionalidade ou etnia) é um direito natural por parte de todos aqueles que desejam exercer esse direito. E isso nem o direito positivo nem a militância progressista poderão algum dia alterar ou subverter. O direito natural e a inclinação inerente dos seres humanos em atender às suas próprias disposições é simplesmente imutável e faz parte do seu conjunto de necessidades.

Conclusão

A militância progressista é absurdamente autoritária, e todas as suas estratégias e disposições ideológicas mostram que ela está em uma guerra permanente contra a ordem natural, contra a liberdade e principalmente contra o homem branco, cristão, conservador e tradicionalista — possivelmente, aquilo que ela mais odeia e despreza.

Nós não podemos, no entanto, ceder ou dar espaço para a agenda progressista, tampouco pensar em considerar como sendo normais todas as pautas abusivas e tirânicas que a militância pretende estabelecer como sendo perfeitamente razoáveis e aceitáveis, quer a sociedade aceite isso ou não. Afinal, conforme formos cedendo, o progressismo tirânico e totalitário tende a ganhar cada vez mais espaço.

Quanto mais espaço o progressismo conquistar, mais corroída será a liberdade e mais impulso ganhará o totalitarismo. Com isso, a cultura do cancelamento vai acabar com carreiras, profissões e com o sustento de muitas pessoas, pelo simples fato de que elas discordam das pautas universitárias da moda.

A história mostra perfeitamente que quanto mais liberdade uma sociedade tem, mais progresso ela atinge. Por outro lado, quanto mais autoritária ela for, mais retrocessos ela sofrerá. O autoritarismo se combate com liberdade, desafiando as pautas de todos aqueles que persistem em implementar a tirania na sociedade. O politicamente correto é o nazismo dos costumes, que pretende subverter a moral através de uma cultura de vigilância policial despótica e autoritária, para que toda a sociedade seja subjugada pela agenda totalitária progressista.

Pois quanto a nós, precisamos continuar travando o bom combate em nome da liberdade. E isso inclui reconhecer que ideologias, hábitos e costumes de que não gostamos tem o direito de existir e até mesmo de serem defendidos.

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O afeto pelos animais de estimação não é uma simples moda da atualidade. É verdade que cresceu muito a quantidade de produtos e tecnologias destinada aos bichinhos. No entanto, o cuidado e a preocupação é algo anterior ao crescimento tecnológico. Na história da humanidade, os animais possuem um importante papel, estão relacionados com profundas emoções.

Em 1951 com a constante ameaça de bombardeio aéreo. Existia a preocupação em como socorrer e preparar bandagens. Usada em eventuais emergências no caso de animais de estimação feridos. A foto no topo desta página foi tirada em 21/09/1951 pelo New York Journal American para uma matéria. O conteúdo era sobre como proceder no socorro e prevenção de cachorros de estimação em caso de possível bombardeio aéreo. Vestir o animal como o kit bandagens era entendido como uma forma de proteção extra. Em especial, numa eventual ameaça dos bombardeiros. A foto é do Arquivo de imagens do New York Journal American.

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Habla is a new blogging platform that's based on Nostr. Or as various Nostr client developers like to call it:

"A way to get Derek Ross to stop sending walls of text".

You can edit posts, which is very nice.

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Embora muitos brasileiros se sintam prontos para voltar ao mercado de trabalho, o fato é que não parece haver vagas disponíveis para absorver todo esse contingente. A questão envolve a fragilidade atual da economia brasileira, que não oferece as condições necessárias para que sejam criados novos postos de trabalho.

Uma consequência é a grande competitividade por vaga de emprego, sendo privilegiados aqueles candidatos com currículos mais atrativos.

É natural que outros integrantes da família procurem formas de obter renda, mas o problema é que as oportunidades de trabalho são escassas e a competitividade pelo profissional com melhor currículo é um fator determinante para melhorar as chances de contratação.

No entanto, esta não é a única questão que influencia a escolha das empresas quanto ao perfil profissional. Para melhorar as chances, os candidatos precisam entender com clareza quais ações e planejamentos podem ajudar no momento de concorrer a uma vaga de emprego.

Uma dica é estudar o problema da recolocação profissional e as melhores estratégias. Um curso pensado para ajudar nesta questão pode ser acessado em https://www.cursos24horas.com.br/parceiro.asp?cod=promocao2767&url=cursos/rec.asp

Se você possui acima de 30 anos de idade, pode ser interessante verificar o estudo acadêmico sobre o tema neste link http://repositorio.uema.br/bitstream/123456789/941/1/TCC%20DEFINITIVO%20-%20ALINE%20CRISTINA%20MORAES%20ALVES.pdf

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Um software desenvolvido por uma equipe de estudiosos israelenses liderados por Moshe Koppel, da Universidade Bar Ilan, perto de Tel Aviv, está dando intrigantes dicas sobre o que os pesquisadores acreditam ser as várias mãos que escreveram a Bíblia.

Desde o advento da erudição bíblica moderna, os pesquisadores acadêmicos acreditam que o texto foi escrito por um número de diferentes autores cujo trabalho pode ser identificado por diferentes estilos ideológicos e linguísticos.

Hoje, os estudiosos geralmente dividem o texto em duas vertentes principais. Um deles foi escrito por uma figura ou grupo conhecido como o autor “sacerdotal”, por causa de ligações aparentes com os sacerdotes do templo em Jerusalém. O resto é “não-sacerdotal”.

Estudiosos passaram o texto pelo aplicativo e quando o novo software foi executado no Pentateuco, ele encontrou a mesma divisão, separando o “sacerdotal” e “não-sacerdotal”.

O rastreamento do aplicativo correspondeu com a divisão tradicional acadêmica em uma média de 90 por cento – efetivamente recriando anos de trabalho dos estudiosos em poucos minutos, afirmou Moshe Koppel, professor de ciência da computação que liderou a equipe de pesquisa.

Antes de aplicar o software para o Pentateuco e outros livros da Bíblia, os pesquisadores primeiro precisavam de um teste mais objetivo para provar se o algoritmo poderia distinguir corretamente um autor de outro.

Então eles misturaram ao acaso livros da Bíblia hebraica de Ezequiel e Jeremias num único texto e executaram o software. Segundo os pesquisadores, o aplicativo conseguiu separar corretamente os autores, mostrando sua eficiência.

O programa reconhece seleções de palavras repetidas, como o uso dos equivalentes Hebraico de “se”, “e” e “mas”. Em alguns lugares, por exemplo, a Bíblia dá a palavra para “staff” como “Makel”, enquanto em outros ele usa ”mateh” para o mesmo objeto.

O programa então separa o texto em linhas que acredita ser o trabalho de pessoas diferentes.

Outros pesquisadores têm olhado para as impressões digitais linguísticas em textos menos sagrados como uma forma de identificar os escritores desconhecidos.

Na década de 1990, o professor Inglês Vassar Donald identificou o jornalista Joe Klein como o autor anônimo do livro “Primary Colors”, olhando para os detalhes menores, como pontuação.

Em 2003, Koppel foi parte de uma equipe de pesquisa que desenvolveu software que poderia contar com sucesso, quatro vezes em cada cinco, se o autor de um texto era do sexo masculino ou feminino.

Os pesquisadores descobriram que as mulheres são mais propensas a usar os pronomes pessoais, como “ela” e “ele”, enquanto os homens preferem determinantes como o “que” e “isto”. Mulheres, em outras palavras, geralmente falam sobre pessoas, enquanto os homens preferem falar sobre coisas.

O novo software pode ser usado para investigar as peças de Shakespeare e resolver as questões remanescentes de autoria ou co-autoria, ponderou Graeme Hirst, um professor de linguística computacional da Universidade de Toronto.

O algoritmo também pode levar ao surgimento de um verificador de estilo linguístico para documentos elaborados por vários autores ou comitês, ajudando no desenvolvimento de um texto uniforme, sugeriu Hirst.

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Fica evidente que o sistema educacional brasileiro enfrenta dificuldades quando observados alguns indicadores, bem como o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), organizado pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD), que em 2012 classificou o Brasil em terceiro lugar com a maior taxa de evasão escolar numa lista de cem países. O censo do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) de 2010 registrou a média de 49.3% de brasileiros maiores de 25 anos sem a conclusão do ensino médio. O Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB), organizado pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) em uma escala de 10 pontos, classificou em 2012 a qualidade da educação do ensino médio com 3.7 pontos (UOL, 2013).

Outro indicador que parece sinalizar nesta direção é a Avaliação Nacional do Rendimento Escolar (ANRESC) e a Avaliação Nacional da Educação Básica (ANEB), ambos compõem o Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica (SAEB), onde em 2011 o resultado para a disciplina de matemática sinalizou um desempenho favorável para aproximadamente 10.1% dos alunos do ensino médio. Na ocasião desse resultado circulou na imprensa que “quase 90% dos alunos que concluem o ensino médio não sabem matemática”.

Embora persista uma variedade de problemas, a educação parece ter apresentado, nos últimos anos, uma série de aspectos positivos. Entre eles, diversos investimentos como o programa Ciência sem Fronteiras, a distribuição de tablets nas escolas, variedade de cursos gratuitos de capacitação para professores da rede pública, distribuição de bolsas de estudo e campanhas com aporte financeiro para o desenvolvimento dos sistemas educacionais, uma maior facilidade de acesso por parte da população em cursos técnicos e de graduação através de programas de financiamento estudantil, bem como, o aumento do número de instituições de ensino (FNDE, 2015).

Outro aspecto positivo surge ao se observar o relatório do INEP sobre os indicadores financeiros de investimentos em educação pública, onde nota-se um aumento progressivo do aporte financeiro por aluno, de R$ 1.000,00 durante o ano de 2000 para R$ 4.916,00 em 2011 (INEP, 2011).

Uma maior evolução parece ter ocorrido no acesso aos cursos de graduação, evento divulgado em veículos de comunicação de massa sob o título “Número de brasileiros com graduação cresce 109,83% em 10 anos” (BRASIL, 2012). Também o desempenho escolar ocupou destaque nas notícias sob o título “Brasil evolui, mas segue nas últimas posições em ranking de educação” (G1, 2013), sinalizando que o país embora esteja avançando positivamente nos últimos anos em questões sobre educação, apresenta desempenho insuficiente quando comparado a outros países.

Também ganhou relevante destaque no âmbito da capacitação técnica o Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego – Pronatec, declarado pela presidente Dilma Rousseff em maio de 2014 no blog do planalto como “um dos pilares da política educacional”. Vitrine de campanha nas eleições de 2014 o Pronatec ganhou maior destaque na imprensa como um esforço e conquista do governo Dilma, onde, segundo dados amplamente divulgados na internet e imprensa, mais de 5,7 milhões de matrículas já ocorreram e a estimativa é de 8 milhões até 2015 (BLOG DO PLANALTO, 2014).

Além do Pronatec convencional, em junho de 2014 a presidente Dilma anunciou uma nova modalidade focada nos direitos humanos com o objetivo de atender setores carentes da sociedade e em 26 de novembro de 2014 foi publicado no Diário Oficial da União de número 229 as regras desta nova modalidade dividida em três categorias, o “Pronatec viver sem limite” destinado a pessoas com deficiência, o “Pronatec Sinase” que atua na capacitação profissional de adolescentes que estão sob medida socioeducativa e o “Pronatec Pop Rua” destinado a atender pessoas em situação de rua (BRASIL, 2014).

Dados do MEC apontam que 40% dos usuários do Pronatec convencional são alunos de baixa renda, registrados no Cadastro Único de Programa social e 60% do total de usuários são jovens que estão na faixa dos 19 aos 24 anos. O Pronatec inicia em 2015 com um orçamento de 14 bilhões para investimentos em 12 milhões de vagas em 220 cursos técnicos de nível médio e 646 cursos de qualificação (PDE/PRONATEC, 2011).

Quando indicadores são observados de forma isolada surgem resultados conflitantes que podem gerar certa polarização. Sob uma perspectiva histórica comparando a educação atual com seu passado é possível obter resultados positivos sinalizando um processo de crescimento. No entanto, numa perspectiva global, onde o desempenho da educação no país é comparado a outras nações o Brasil ocupa uma posição desfavorável, um dos últimos lugares na classificação geral.

Entre aqueles que consideram com maior ênfase os resultados dos indicadores de comparação histórica, uma perspectiva possível é de uma educação em plena expansão, onde os problemas emergentes são próprios desta evolução, já aqueles que consideram a educação com ênfase nos resultados obtidos pelos indicadores internacionais, uma percepção possível é de estagnação e crise.

Diferente do entendimento destes resultados como complementares em um mesmo evento, o raciocínio binário admite apenas um dos indicadores como verdadeiro, se existe crise não pode existir expansão, se existe expansão não pode existir crise. Nesse sentido a questão assume um caráter de oposição.

Esta forma de interpretar os eventos pode promover dificuldades nas relações sociais uma vez que a discordância ocorre na forma de uma postura polarizada, binária, onde a divergência não é algo considerado como complemento de um dado fenômeno, prevalecendo como referência, na maioria das vezes, uma perspectiva unilateral incapaz de contextualizar de forma abrangente a complexa relação entre os fenômenos e seus indicadores.

Segundo diagnosticou Moraes (1997, p. 86) existem casos onde “a dificuldade de trabalhar dentro de uma visão sistêmica, com um enfoque de totalidade, tem ocasionado poucos avanços em direção à solução de alguns problemas educacionais […]”. Esse tipo de postura que carece de contextualização abrangente, motivada por uma interpretação binária, é entendido como “raciocínio tecnológico” por Postman (1994), Bauman (2007), Baudrillard (1991), entre outros, sinalizando que uma parte dos problemas na educação e na sociedade pode ser consequência de um modelo de pensamento unilateral, binário.

Embora tenha ocorrido um crescimento do aporte financeiro, maior número de cursos de capacitação para os educadores, aumento do número de instituições de ensino e maior acesso da população aos serviços educacionais, isso não foi suficiente para diluir alguns problemas, como a dificuldade de diálogo e colaboração nas equipes de trabalhadores da educação, o pouco interesse por parte dos alunos na participação efetiva da proposta e da atividade educacional, bem como, o descrédito do modelo educacional na opinião pública.

Algumas dessas dificuldades são diagnosticadas como produto da aceleração tecnológica que proporcionou uma nova condição de sentido, como a ênfase no pensamento binário e sobrecarga de informações, deslocando o ambiente de propagação de ideias para as mídias sociais, colocando em dúvida o tradicional papel da escola, do educador e dos métodos educacionais.

Postman (1994, p. 62) defende que o computador é uma ameaça para a escola tradicional uma vez que essa tecnologia serve para convencer que inovação tecnológica é sinônimo de progresso humano e social, enquanto silenciosamente reduz as comunidades em uma sociedade homogênea, trivializando tudo e todos de forma inescrupulosa, reduzindo conhecimento à mera informação e promovendo a substituição de valores sociais por egocentrismos.

Segundo Postman (1994), em sociedades tecnológicas estruturadas pelo culto à tecnologia da informação os relacionamentos com essa tecnologia podem ocorrer de uma forma alienante, tudo se torna uma questão de aplicação da técnica e com isso se perde a necessidade de entender o porquê das coisas, apenas se aceita a ordem estabelecida pelos especialistas, numa corrida frenética por informação.

Existe especialista para tudo, “[…] em criação das crianças, em educação, em como ser amável, em como fazer amor, em como influenciar pessoas, em como fazer amigos […]” (POSTMAN, 1994 p. 95). Gradativamente a necessidade de desenvolvimento individual do pensamento crítico e analítico, a busca pelo conhecimento, foi substituída pela necessidade de acessar a informação do especialista.

Para cada crença, hábito ou tradição do velho mundo havia e ainda há uma alternativa tecnológica. Para a oração, a alternativa é a penicilina; para as raízes da família, a alternativa é a mobilidade; para a leitura, a alternativa é a televisão; para a restrição, a alternativa é a gratificação imediata; para o pecado, a alternativa é a psicoterapia; para a ideologia política a alternativa é o apelo popular estabelecido por meio da pesquisa científica de opinião. (POSTMAN, 1994, p, 63).

Para o autor, os problemas se agravaram quando os especialistas restritos na atividade de resolverem problemas técnicos passaram a atuar nas áreas sociais, valorizando a aplicação de métodos e ferramentas das ciências naturais em questões humanas, onde números e técnicas em um processo autorreferente promoveram uma grande e sedutora ilusão, a promessa de solucionar os dilemas humanos mais profundos. Desta forma:

[…] as novas tecnologias mudam aquilo que entendemos como “conhecimento” e “verdade”; elas alteram hábitos de pensamento profundamente enraizados, que dão a uma cultura seu senso de como é o mundo – um senso do que é a ordem natural das coisas, do que é sensato, do que é necessário, do que é inevitável, do que é real (POSTMAN, 1994, p. 22, grifos do autor). Entendendo que a tecnologia influencia o pensamento, Postman denuncia a ameaça do computador como possibilidade de rendição da escola à proposta tecnológica, tornando-se unicamente formadora de especialistas, promovendo como consequência a exclusão da humanidade uma vez que “o computador exige soberania sobre todo o âmbito da experiência humana, e sustenta essa exigência demonstrando que ‘pensa’ melhor do que nós” (POSTMAN, 1994, p. 117, grifo do autor).

O autor entende que os problemas nas relações sociais estão no âmbito do reconhecimento da experiência humana enquanto formação moral, papel da escola tradicional. “Se famílias se desfazem, se crianças são maltratadas, se o crime aterroriza uma cidade, se a educação é impotente, isso não ocorre por falta de informação adequada” (POSTMAN, 1994, p. 62). Reafirma a importância em resgatar o papel da escola tradicional como formadora do senso crítico e analítico para o esclarecimento sobre os efeitos tecnológicos apontando que “[…] precisamos de estudantes que compreendam as relações entre nossas técnicas e nossos mundos social e psíquico, de modo que possam iniciar conversas informadas sobre a onde a tecnologia nos está levando e como” (POSTMAN, 1994, p. 203).

Esta perspectiva que apresenta a tecnologia com potencial para promover uma diluição da moral também é defendida por Bauman (1997), ainda que de modo mais ameno, entendendo a tecnologia como um sistema fechado, autorreferente, que faz prevalecer a simplificação da técnica para tudo. “[…] quanto mais problemas gera a tecnologia, tanto mais de tecnologia se precisa” (BAUMAN, 1997, p. 213). Como tudo é simplificado e resolvido pela técnica, não existe espaço para tratar questões ambíguas e complexas, o “eu” do homem moderno se constitui cada vez mais mediado por percepções fragmentadas do mundo. Este “eu” fragmentado não se confronta com a totalidade do mundo, do outro ou de si mesmo, proporcionando um comportamento individualista e irresponsável para com a sociedade e a natureza, impossibilitando uma possível manifestação do “eu” moral.

Segundo descreve Bauman (2002), a escola tradicional difundia a educação como algo para toda a vida e o conhecimento continha seu valor de forma proporcional à sua duração, onde o saber da experiência adquirido ao longo do tempo ganhava destaque. Na atualidade, o sistema educacional recebeu um duro golpe uma vez que os valores sociais se inverteram. Enquanto na tradição o valorizado era a rotina e o conhecimento duradouro, pautado na busca pelos fundamentos. Na sociedade atual, influenciada pela tecnologia, prevalece a importância da flexibilidade e de cursos rápidos que sejam úteis para o momento fugaz do mercado de trabalho.

No torvelinho da mudança, o conhecimento serve para uso imediato e único; conhecimento pronto-para-o-uso e imediatamente disponível, do tipo prometido pelos programas de software, que entram e saem das prateleiras das lojas em uma sucessão sempre acelerada, parece muito mais atraente. (BAUMAN, 2002, p. 49).

Nesta perspectiva, o autor entende que não é de interesse comum atribuir importância ao conhecimento duradouro da experiência, já que a referência de conhecimento consiste na relevância momentânea do assunto, onde o que importa é a informação mais atual, cuja principal característica é ser “[…] eminentemente descartável, bom apenas até segunda ordem e só temporariamente útil […]” (BAUMAN, 2007, p. 154). Esta nova dinâmica, pautada na informação fugaz, substitui a autoridade do conhecimento pelas seduções do mercado de consumo, dificultando qualquer proposta educacional associada à escola tradicional. A educação atual é desejável e valorizada como mercadoria que, dispensada da formação moral, se torna um produto informativo, comprometido com o ensinamento da técnica e com o atendimento ao cliente, “não há sanções contra os que saem da linha e se recusam a prestar atenção – a não ser o horror de perder uma experiência que os outros (tantos outros!) prezam e desfrutam” (BAUMAN, 2003, p. 43).

Num sistema social pautado unicamente na informação descartável:

[…] um bit de informação é caçado por outro antes mesmo que possa ser absorvido, e, uma vez que eles não são assimilados, não podem ser conectados a uma cadeia de eventos significativa. Cada evento deve assim “sobreviver” por conta própria, e o senso de totalidade é deixado para trás pelos competidores já no início da caçada (BAUMAN, 2000, p. 100, grifo do autor). Bauman (2007) entende que um resgate do papel tradicional da escola é uma questão necessariamente política e assume relevância frente à atual situação social, salientando que:

[…] quando a educação afia sua aresta crítica, ‘fazendo a sociedade se sentir culpada’ e ‘agitando as coisas’ por meio da perturbação das consciências. Os destinos da liberdade, da democracia que a torna possível – ao mesmo tempo em que é possibilitada por ela – e a educação que produz a insatisfação com o nível de liberdade e democracia até aqui atingido são inextricavelmente ligados e não podem ser separados um do outro. Pode-se ver essa conexão íntima como outra espécie de circulo vicioso – mas é nesse círculo, e só nele, que as esperanças humanas e as chances da humanidade se inserem (BAUMAN, 2007 p. 23). No entendimento de Bauman (2007) o que mais necessitamos é resgatar uma educação comprometida com a cidadania, com a interação e o diálogo, permitindo a condição de possibilidade para a formação de um “eu” moral.

Baudrillard (1991) igualmente assume uma postura de alerta sobre o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Entende que a sociedade tecnológica se constitui pela comunicação virtual através das tecnologias em massa de comunicação e informação – TICs. Tais sistemas tecnológicos influenciam nossa percepção de mundo produzindo ilusões que se opõem ao que é real, culminando num processo autodestrutivo que resulta numa implosão do social. No processo de comunicação virtual se abdica da prática racional de absorção de conteúdo e prevalece a sensação diante do espetáculo da informação, onde o que importa é o consumo da forma e não o conteúdo. “Assim a informação dissolve o sentido e dissolve o social numa espécie de nebulosa voltada, não de todo a um aumento de inovação, muito pelo contrário, à entropia” (BAUDRILLARD, 1991, p. 106). Essa postura própria das sociedades tecnológicas inviabiliza a circulação social do sentido promovendo o esvaziamento do real, tendo como principal característica a indiferença social e o egoísmo.

Para o autor, a sociedade que transforma todos os eventos em um sedutor espetáculo (virtualização), característica das sociedades tecnológicas, aliena os sentidos e produz uma percepção de mundo onde não é possível distinguir o real do imaginário proporcionando uma grande confusão ou desorientação, tendo como consequência a incapacidade social de se estabelecer diferenças, transformando tudo em produto de consumo imediato em um único e indiferenciado espaço, o que “[…] contribui ainda mais para esta ausência de profundidade: um mesmo espaço homogêneo, sem mediação, reúne os homens e as coisas, o espaço da manipulação direta. Mas qual deles manipula o outro?” (BAUDRILLARD, 1991, p. 98).

Baudrillard (1998, p. 207) interpreta as tecnologias de comunicação em massa, televisão, internet, entre outras, como sistemas unidirecionais de propagação de sensações e ideias e alerta que tais sistemas “[…] fabricam incomunicação, isto se aceitarmos que a definição de comunicação implica uma troca, como um espaço recíproco de discurso e resposta, e, portanto também de responsabilidade”.

O autor sinaliza como característica própria do virtual a propagação de uma perspectiva autorreferente, um processo que não é mediado pelo reconhecimento da diferença, onde tudo se torna uma questão homogênea e alienante. Na perspectiva do autor, a realidade virtual ou simulacro é aquela que conduz de forma unidirecional as massas, impossibilitando a experiência real que consiste na capacidade de vivenciar e reconhecer o diferente, o outro (BAUDRILLARD, 1997). É nesse sentido que Baudrillard argumenta que o virtual enquanto mecanismo de afirmação da indiferença promove o egoísmo e a implosão do social, principalmente se entendermos o social como espaço público mediado pela multiplicidade e pelo reconhecimento do outro.

Entendendo como virtual um tipo de realidade que se fecha sobre si mesmo, autorreferente, o autor afirma, “a potência do virtual nada mais é do que o próprio virtual. Por isso pode intensificar-se de maneira alucinante e, sempre mais longe do mundo dito real, perder ela mesma todo princípio de realidade” (BAUDRILLARD, 1997, p. 26).

Lévy (2005, p. 11), bastante lido e citado na área da educação, endente de outro modo. Aponta que existe uma evolução cultural em andamento e “[…] apesar de seus inegáveis aspectos sombrios e terríveis […]”, essa mudança cultural é um fenômeno próprio da condição humana, possibilitando uma ampliação da criatividade e percepção de mundo. Aponta para um possível equívoco entre aqueles que entendem a tecnologia como causa e a cultura como vítima de seus efeitos, já que tecnologia e cultura estão numa relação de práxis, produzindo mutuamente novas possibilidades. Pondera que a loucura e a violência do nosso tempo não são determinadas pela tecnologia, mas uma consequência da falta de compreensão sobre o que é o virtual e os processos tecnológicos. “Antes de temê-la, condená-la ou lança-la às cegas, proponho que se faça o esforço de apreender, de pensar, de compreender em toda a sua amplitude a virtualização” (LÉVY, 2005, p. 12).

Lévy (2005) considera como perspectiva tradicional o estágio social onde o conhecimento era duradouro, contemplativo e centrado nos fundamentos. Na atualidade, entende-se que o conhecimento é transformado em fluxo, algo móvel e imaterial, que produz operações eficazes onde o próprio conhecimento é uma operação.

Para o autor a característica imaterial do conhecimento e da informação estimula a propagação e a colaboração entre saberes, uma vez que “[…] consumi-los não os destrói e cedê-los não faz com que sejam perdidos” (LÉVY, 2005, p. 55). Pondera que o livre acesso à informação permite que o conhecimento não seja restrito apenas para certos grupos. “[…] não é mais uma casta de especialistas, mas a grande massa das pessoas que são levadas a aprender, transmitir e produzir conhecimentos de maneira cooperativa em sua atividade cotidiana” (LÉVY, 2005, p. 55). Salienta que este é o momento de orientar a evolução em curso uma vez que as alternativas são:

Ou o ciberespaço reproduz o midiático, o espetacular, o consumo de informação mercantil e a exclusão numa escala ainda mais gigantesca que hoje. Esta é, a grosso modo, a tendência natural das “supervias da informação” ou da “televisão interativa” . Ou acompanhamos as tendências mais positivas da evolução em curso e criamos um projeto de civilização […] (LÉVY, 2005, p. 118). Castells (2005) avalia que o dilema levantado por algumas pessoas ao considerar que a sociedade é determinada pela tecnologia não faz sentido, “[…] dado que a tecnologia é a sociedade, e a sociedade não pode ser entendida ou representada sem suas ferramentas tecnológicas” (CASTELLS, 2005, p. 43). Salienta que a relação entre tecnologia e sociedade deve ser entendida considerando o papel mediador do Estado, cuja organização é um fator decisivo na interrupção, promoção ou liberação de uma dada inovação tecnológica.

Para Castells a produção de tecnologia é um fenômeno antropológico e a evolução social é complexa e não deve, equivocadamente, ser equacionada apenas pelo viés tecnológico. Sobre o egocentrismo crescente o autor entende que:

[…] a identidade está se tornando a principal e, às vezes, única fonte de significado em um período histórico caracterizado pela ampla desestruturação das organizações, deslegitimação das instituições, enfraquecimento de importantes movimentos sociais e expressões culturais efêmeras. Cada vez mais, as pessoas organizam seu significado não em torno do que fazem, mas com base no que elas são ou acreditam que são. […] Nessa condição de esquizofrenia estrutural entre a função e o significado, os padrões de comunicação social ficam sob tensão crescente. […] cada vez mais difíceis de compartilhar (CASTELLS, 2005, p. 41). O autor também defende a importância da racionalidade e a possibilidade de recorrer à razão como meio para a compreensão deste novo tempo, onde “a suposição implícita é a aceitação da total individualização do comportamento e da impotência da sociedade ante seu destino” (CASTELLS, 2005, p. 42).

Enquanto Postman (1994), Bauman (2007) e Baudrillard (1991) entendem que a tecnologia produz uma influência problemática, capaz de diluir a consciência social promovendo um individualismo exagerado e alienante, Lévy (2005) e Castells (2005) recolocam a questão apontando que é a falta de senso crítico que promove um relacionamento problemático com a tecnologia, levando à diluição da consciência social e ao estímulo do individualismo exagerado.

Embora esses autores discordem quanto ao agente motivador dos problemas sociais, cada um ao seu modo, entende que vivemos em uma época de mudanças, onde a tendência está na manifestação do pensamento unilateral e no culto ao individualismo, sinalizam a importância de mediações através da política, do estado e da escola, no intuito de resgatar ou construir um projeto de sociedade e de indivíduo. Apontam ainda, a necessidade do aperfeiçoamento coletivo do senso crítico como meio de estimular uma consciência social e tecnológica.

É nesta direção que Fantin e Girardello (2009) sinalizam em seu artigo “Diante do abismo digital: mídia-educação e mediações culturais”. Neste trabalho, as autoras defendem, entre outras coisas, a importância de ambientes educacionais capazes de promover inclusão digital, de forma a “[…] favorecer a formação crítica de cidadãos, não apenas de usuários […]” (FANTIN; GIRARDELLO, 2009, p. 78), ressaltando a necessidade de uma perspectiva educacional que contemple dimensões sociais, intelectuais, culturais e tecnológicas, onde a construção de cidadania ocorre pautada numa real participação de crianças, jovens e adultos na cultura.

Segundo Aranha (2006) favorecer a formação crítica de cidadãos demanda, por parte dos envolvidos, uma clareza na concepção de sociedade e do indivíduo que se deseja construir, sendo necessário direcionar esforços e responder “Que tipo de pessoa se quer formar? Para qual sociedade?” (ARANHA, 2006, p. 33). Na perspectiva de Carraher (1983) uma postura pautada pelo senso crítico “[…] implica em adotar perspectivas múltiplas para examinar as questões sob várias óticas” (CARRAHER, 2002, p. XXI) sendo que uma postura baseada em um pensamento unilateral dilui o potencial do senso crítico na medida em que impede o uso de múltiplas perspectivas.

Aranha (2006) e Carraher (2002) entendem que o processo de desenvolvimento e prática do senso crítico demanda contextualização, direcionamento e aplicação sistemática de regras que atuam como mecanismos de orientação do pensamento.

Para Wittgenstein (2005) a constituição das regras de orientação do pensamento ocorre na linguagem e não deve ser individual, autorreferente. Segundo o autor, para que ocorra um pensamento consistente é necessário que os parâmetros de referência sejam sociais e públicos. A perspectiva de um modelo autorreferente implica em um individualismo sem mediação, onde a pessoa se refere a si mesma, culto ao “eu”, como parâmetro único de percepção e entendimento do mundo. Sobre a impossibilidade do pensamento constituído numa postura autorreferente, o autor pondera:

Suponhamos que cada um tivesse uma caixa e que dentro dela houvesse algo que chamamos de ‘besouro’. Ninguém pode olhar dentro da caixa do outro; e cada um diz que sabe o que é um besouro apenas por olhar o seu besouro. Poderia ser que cada um tivesse algo diferente em sua caixa. (WITTGENSTEIN, 2005, p.137). Sob este aspecto, a percepção individual enquanto postura de isolamento social oferece dificuldades para o funcionamento adequado do ambiente compartilhado e do desenvolvimento da sociedade como um todo, podendo promover desentendimentos e diluição do senso crítico.

Além da popularização de uma postura autorreferente e da aplicação de um raciocínio binário, outro evento que também parece oferecer dificuldade ao desenvolvimento social, promovendo confusões e diminuição do senso crítico, consiste na ausência de regras que orientam o pensamento.

Nesta direção aponta Desidério Orlando Figueiredo Murcho (1998), filósofo e escritor português. Leciona filosofia na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil e possui diversas publicações em artigos e livros nos mais variados campos da filosofia, incluindo reflexões sobre a importância da lógica na educação e construção do pensamento.

Segundo Murcho (1998) é a lógica que, “[…] entre outras coisas, estabelece as normas que as pessoas têm de cumprir se desejam realmente alcançar o raciocínio correto ou válido” (p. 390). Para o autor, em alguns casos, é notória a pouca atenção que a lógica vem recebendo na mediação de pensamentos.

Murcho se refere ao uso da lógica em um sentido amplo e defende, principalmente, o uso da lógica informal uma vez que esta se ocupa do estudo de todos os tipos de argumentos, permitindo melhor se entender as questões implicadas numa dada argumentação.

Entendendo que a argumentação está presente num processo de negociação e que um bom argumento assume papel relevante na persuasão sobre uma dada possibilidade e ainda, que toda negociação depende da aceitação dos argumentos entre os interlocutores, Murcho (2010, s/p.) esclarece:

Para que uma inferência seja boa é apenas necessário que seja um argumento válido. Mas um bom argumento é mais do que meramente válido: é um argumento persuasivo. […] A plausibilidade das premissas é relativa ao estado cognitivo do agente e não é discreta, mas sim contínua. A solidez de um argumento (a conjunção da verdade com a validade) é independente dos agentes cognitivos. Mas os agentes cognitivos não são omniscientes e perante cada premissa ou conclusão têm de avaliar como mais ou menos plausível, à luz do que julgam saber em geral. Assim, um argumento pode ser bom ou mau, melhor ou pior, mais ou menos forte ou cogente, apesar de ser sólido. Um argumento bom, forte ou cogente é um argumento que além de sólido tem premissas mais plausíveis do que a conclusão. A perspectiva de plausibilidade encontrada em Murcho (2010) recoloca nos termos da lógica informal a subjetividade como algo próprio do gestor da ação, tomada de decisão, onde o verdadeiro ou falso é dependente de um dado contexto em conformidade com tendências interpretativas influenciadas pelas interações sociais.

Outro autor que defende a importância das regras de organização do pensamento é Jacques Bouveresse (2005), filósofo francês que leciona no College de France. Entre seus livros publicados se destaca a obra “Prodígios e vertigens da analogia” onde o autor elabora uma crítica ao uso de analogias sem mediação adequada da lógica.

Bouveresse (2005, XVIII) alerta que é necessário “[…] utilizar mais seriamente os recursos da lógica e da análise lógica para mostrar a inconsistência […]” (BOUVERESSE, 2005, p. XVIII) que ocorre no uso, muitas vezes, abusivo das analogias. O autor entende que, “[…] quem viola regras constitutivas do que se chama ‘pensar’ não só pensa mal, como não pensa em absoluto” (BOUVERESSE, 2005, p. 119). No entanto, pondera que na atualidade existe uma mudança cultural em andamento onde surgiu, por parte de alguns, a ilusão que pensar fora da mediação da lógica é pensar mais profundamente e melhor, onde a lógica passou a ser recebida como um tipo de opressão da criatividade e da liberdade de pensamento.

Sautter (2002) pondera que embora a lógica já tenha sido considerada como uma disciplina humanística no passado é “atualmente vista com reserva, especialmente em nosso país” (p. 413).

O evento da autorreferência, do raciocínio binário e da ausência de análise lógica parece estar relacionado em um círculo vicioso onde um estimula o outro promovendo a impossibilidade de entendimento e de ações conjuntas, dificultando o papel da escola na formação crítica de cidadãos. Entendendo que na atualidade o isolamento social, individualismo exagerado, se constitui numa tendência crescente de comportamento que compromete o funcionamento do espaço público, ou ainda, que a postura binária se populariza fragmentando o conhecimento e promovendo desentendimentos e rivalidades também entre os educadores, pode ser difícil responder, “como favorecer a formação crítica de cidadãos?“ principalmente se considerarmos que é necessário um senso de unidade com claro direcionamento e mediação pública, algo defendido por alguns como ultrapassado.

Nesse sentido, algumas observações de Postman (1994), Bauman (2007), Baudrillard (1991), Lévy (2005) e Castells (2005) parecem complementares uma vez que, na ausência de outro mecanismo de mediação para a formação crítica de cidadãos, o raciocínio tecnológico se torna o mediador disponível através do contato cotidiano das pessoas com a tecnologia. A complementaridade desses autores está na possibilidade de um movimento circular onde, segundo Lévy (2005) e Castells (2005) o enfraquecimento do senso crítico dificulta o entendimento claro dos efeitos da tecnologia, fazendo com, conforme Postman (1994), Bauman (2007) e Baudrillard (1991), o contato com a tecnologia potencializa um tipo de raciocínio tecnológico que enfraquece o senso crítico.

Embora o raciocínio tecnológico cotidiano seja eficiente para diagnosticar defeitos e consertar equipamentos, ele parece promover dificuldades quando aplicado em questões do comportamento humano, especialmente devido à sua característica simplificadora e excludente. Ao buscar um defeito em uma máquina se efetua um raciocínio de comparação e exclusão até identificar o fenômeno responsável pelo problema. Assim que é localizado o componente problemático este é excluído e um componente novo e moderno é colocado no lugar. Neste sentido, o raciocínio tecnológico é pautado na busca pela simplificação, que permite a rápida substituição de um dado componente defeituoso, problemático ou ultrapassado.

Nesta perspectiva existe o risco interpretativo de considerar o humano como um tipo de objeto cujo sentido existencial é destinado unicamente a atender um dado conjunto de utilidades, um tipo de utilitarismo que iguala os humanos e as máquinas tanto em valor como em destino, onde ambos, máquinas e humanos, podem ser programados, usados, consertados e descartados.

Quando esse modelo de raciocínio é aplicado nas relações humanas surgem alguns problemas e a troca de ideias pode ser dificultada já que apenas uma percepção deve ser a atualizada e as outras precisam ser substituídas. Um dado estilo de vida quando considerado ultrapassado se opõe ao que é atual sendo percebido como inferior, uma simples agitação, tristeza, frustração ou qualquer manifestação emocional, própria das questões da vida humana, pode ser facilmente entendida como um defeito que necessite de algum tipo de conserto, geralmente químico.

Essa característica presente no raciocínio de diagnóstico tecnológico, que aponta para um ou outro, em sentido de oposição, está presente no senso comum e também tem sido diagnosticada como um problema na educação. Segundo Bremberger (2010) a escola vive atualmente um cenário tenso e conflituoso “[…] enquanto os alunos atribuem os problemas aos professores, esses por sua vez, afirmam que o fracasso escolar deve-se a problemas decorrentes dos alunos e suas famílias” (p.137). Para a autora existe uma tendência em centralizar para uma só versão ou focalizar numa perspectiva reducionista tendo como efeito uma interpretação simplificada dos fenômenos no ambiente educacional.

Esta postura binária também pode ser encontrada numa forma sutil em alguns artigos sobre educação, como por exemplo, no debate sobre a questão se é a experiência que produz conhecimento ou se é o conhecimento que dá sentido à experiência. Uma interpretação possível consiste na ideia de circularidade, onde a experiência produz conhecimento que dá novos sentidos ao que é experimentado permitindo novas experiências, práxis.

No entanto, é possível encontrar um tipo de debate binário, onde se entende que apenas um dos fenômenos é o determinante. Nessa direção, alguns artigos assumem uma postura concorrente, partidária. Este parece ser o caso de uma interpretação apresentada por Gottschalk (2005) sobre a orientação dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais onde se afirma:

Para aprender sobre digestão, subtração ou qualquer outro objeto de conhecimento, o aluno precisa adquirir informações, vivenciar situações em que estes conceitos estejam em jogo, para poder construir generalizações parciais que, ao longo de suas experiências, possibilitaram atingir conceitualizações cada vez mais abrangentes; estas o levarão à compreensão de princípios, ou seja, conceitos de maior nível de abstração, como o princípio de igualdade na matemática, o principio de conservação nas ciências, etc. (PCN apud GOTTSCHALK, 2005, p. 5). Gottschalk (2005) entende que esta passagem do PCN é uma orientação inspirada no pragmatismo de Dewey e que deve ser substituída pelo pragmatismo de Wittgenstein. Entendendo que é Wittgenstein a teoria mais eficiente, a autora sinaliza:

[…] não são situações empíricas que possibilitam ao aluno compreender princípios como os da igualdade na matemática ou o princípio de conservação nas ciências (Cf. PCN acima citado), pelo contrário, são esses princípios que permitem organizar nossa experiência significativamente (GOTTSCHALK, 2005, p. 12). Nesse caso o debate pode promover uma concorrência entre os que apoiam Dewey ou Wittgenstein. Encontrando em Wittgenstein o argumento de ser o conhecimento uma invenção consensual, Gottschalk (2005, p. 13) conclui:

As regras não são descobertas, mas sim, inventadas, ou seja, são de natureza convencional, e nesse sentido não cabe ao professor exigir que o aluno às descubra, seja através de experiências empíricas ou subjetivas, ou mesmo a partir de uma combinação entre essas experiências nos moldes das teorias psicogenéticas sobre ensino e aprendizagem. A colaboração de Gottschalk (2005) no debate sobre as técnicas de promoção do conhecimento pode assumir relevância como uma questão própria do comportamento tecnológico, que consiste no fato do conhecimento ser produzido na concorrência de teorias, algo necessário para a evolução, produção e manutenção na aplicação da técnica.

No entanto, no âmbito das relações sociais, na postura de colaboração e compartilhamento do espaço público, na valorização e reconhecimento do outro, parece existir algo que escapa ao que é proposto pelo modelo de percepção pautado no conhecimento técnico, em especial, quando contabilizamos reflexões de autores como Postman (1994), Bauman (2007), Baudrillard (1991), Lévy (2005) e Castells (2005).

Não é novidade na educação a produção de conhecimentos que diluem ou amenizam a percepção unilateral ou binária, como a teoria das “Inteligências Múltiplas”, proposta por Howard Gardner no livro de mesmo título publicado pela editora Artes Médicas no ano de 2000. Ou ainda, Paulo Freire no livro “Pedagogia do oprimido”, escrito em 1968 e publicado no Brasil em 1974 pela editora Paz e Terra, abordando entre outras coisas, os problemas de uma educação unilateral de consequência autoritária e opressora. Assim como, as teorias da complexidade, que propõem um tipo de raciocínio circular onde se busca diluir perspectivas binárias, polarizadas, em especial na educação com o autor Edgar Morin e seu livro “Educação e complexidade” publicado pela editora Cortez no ano de 2007.

As teorias da complexidade buscam demonstrar em diversos contextos e áreas do saber, consequências, muitas vezes ilusórias, de verdades adquiridas através do isolamento e fragmentação de percepções do mundo. A “grosso modo” é possível afirmar que nessas teorias, cada uma ao seu modo, se encontram sugestões de aplicação de uma estratégia de raciocínio que contemple o raciocínio circular e a conexão entre eventos como modelo interpretativo em substituição a um modelo unilateral, que propõe interpretações pautadas em verdades universais e absolutas.

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Uma falsa memória consiste basicamente na distorção de uma experiência por conta da forma como o cérebro recupera as informações armazenadas ou através da inserção de informações tendenciosamente manipuladas. Com o avanço da computação e das ciências cognitivas foi possível verificar alguns aspectos do comportamento humano e responder, ainda que precariamente, algumas questões sobre o funcionamento de nossas percepções de mundo.

Basicamente a memória se divide em três operações, codificação, armazenamento e recuperação. Na codificação, o que é sentido através dos mecanismos sensoriais do corpo recebe uma adequação que resulta no preparo da informação que é codificada para o armazenamento na memória. No armazenamento e recuperação ocorrem o arquivamento e acesso ao que foi percebido e registrado.

O que as ciências constataram é que os humanos não guardam informações de forma estática como em um computador, os humanos não possuem uma memória de eventos, mas sim uma memória de interpretações. Esta é a principal diferença entre um computador e um humano, quando o assunto é arquivamento de dados ou informações.

Um computador guarda na memória "dados", enquanto um humano arquiva informações significativas, ou seja, interpretações dos eventos vivenciados ou imaginados.

Como guardamos interpretações e não eventos estáticos, nossa memória muda com o passar do tempo. Mesmo quando alguém decora um determinado texto, imagem ou assunto, o arquivamento na memória ocorre através de complexa sucessão de interpretações. É por isso que não conseguimos memorizar coisas que não fazem sentido ou que não interpretamos como importante.

A memória humana é seletiva, o arquivamento das informações depende de como cada pessoa interpreta um determinado evento. Assim, um mesmo evento é guardado na memória com significados e interpretações diferentes em cada pessoa.

Não memorizamos o que ocorreu de fato, mas o que interpretamos dos fatos. Isso significa que a porta de entrada para memorizar alguma coisa é o significado que atribuímos ao que ocorreu.

É aqui que surge a falsa memória, também chamado de implante de memória. Basta manipular a interpretação e a memória também é modificada. Esta manipulação pode ocorrer de forma deliberada ou sem o conhecimento dos envolvidos. Uma das técnicas estudadas nesta direção é a chamada mensagem subliminar, técnica que busca meios de sugerir certas interpretações.

Nossa memória é constituída de ajustes feitos em concordância com nossas expectativas, interpretações e crenças sobre nós mesmos e sobre o mundo. No momento em que acessamos um evento guardado na memória modificamos este evento ajustando as lembranças com interpretações e significações do presente.

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O skate iniciou no Brasil na década de sessenta. No início não existiam regras, o brinquedo era considerado apenas para lazer e não como uma possível prática esportiva. Somente em 1974 é que foi realizado o primeiro Campeonato Brasileiro de Skate. O evento ocorreu no Clube Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Nesse mesmo ano foi inaugurada a primeira pista aqui no Brasil.

A prática esportiva do skateboard só explodiu no Brasil na década de noventa. O número de praticantes cresceu vertiginosamente neste período, bem como os eventos, que acabaram recebendo total apoio da imprensa.

Com um grande número de adeptos e poucos lugares públicos, devidamente configurados para tal prática, é comum a garotada brincar nas movimentadas ruas dos centros urbanos. Algumas pessoas usam o Skate como meio de transporte para curtas distâncias.

Sem uma legislação que organize o uso deste tipo de transporte, carros e Skate acabam compartilhando o mesmo espaço e colocando em risco, em alguns casos, pedestres e praticantes da modalidade. Este não é o único meio de transporte que enfrenta os problemas urbanos, os ciclistas, cuja prática é muito mais antiga, também são alvos de polêmicas e com frequência, acidentes.

Tanto os motoristas, condutores, pedestres e usuários destas modalidades alternativas de transporte, frequentement

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Controlar máquinas com a mente tornou-se realidade e a evolução tem sido surpreendente. Em 2003 a previsão dos cientistas era de 2 anos para os primeiros implantes cerebrais que permitiriam o controle de próteses por pessoas com alguma deficiência. Esta convicção surgiu após testes com macacos onde os animais controlavam um braço robótico usando apenas seus pensamentos.

Confirmando o prognóstico dos cientistas, o austríaco Christian Kandlbauer que perdeu os dois braços em um acidente elétrico em setembro de 2005 foi capaz de viver uma vida normal em grande parte graças ao braço robótico controlado pela mente.

Infelizmente Christian Kandlbauer faleceu em um acidente de carro em 21 de outubro de 2010. A perícia não conseguiu determinar se o acidente ocorreu devido a uma possível falha na prótese controlada pela mente. O trajeto era percorrido diariamente por Christian que, usando seu braço robótico para dirigir o veículo a mais de três anos, transitava normalmente com seu veículo.

Christian Kandlbauer foi a primeira pessoa fora dos Estado Unidos que recebeu implantes para controlar um braço robótico. Em março de 2009 a empresa de tecnologia japonesa Honda anunciou uma nova evolução no controle de equipamentos através da mente. Ao invés de usar implantes a nova tecnologia permite o controle através de um capacete.

Para controlar o robô, a pessoa coloca o capacete e só tem que pensar em fazer o movimento. Seus inventores esperam que um dia a tecnologia de controle da mente permita que as pessoas possam controlar os equipamentos sem precisar ocupar as mãos ou depender de implantes cirúrgicos.

O capacete é a primeira “máquina de interface cérebro-máquina” que combina duas técnicas diferentes para captar a atividade no cérebro. Os sensores do capacete detectam sinais elétricos através do couro cabeludo, da mesma forma como um EEG (eletroencefalograma). Os cientistas combinaram isso com uma outra técnica chamada espectroscopia por infravermelho, que é usada para monitorar mudanças no fluxo sanguíneo no cérebro.

A atividade cerebral detectada pelo capacete é enviada para um computador, que usa o software para trabalhar o movimento que a pessoa está pensando. Em seguida, envia um sinal para o robô para executar o movimento pensado. Normalmente, isso leva alguns segundos para que o pensamento se transforme em uma ação robótica.

A interface de controle robótico com a mente através do capacete ainda é experimental, um dos problemas que precisa ser superado é referente as distrações do pensamento na hora de enviar um comando. No caso dos implantes a precisão é bem maior. A tecnologia está avançando, em alguns anos o capacete de controle mental para equipamentos robóticos e games deverá ser uma realidade eficiente e popular.

Quando se fala de controle de máquinas e aparelhos usando a mente, as empresas de tecnologia estão apostando alto para o futuro, com grandes investimentos e grupos de pesquisa altamente qualificados.

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Reportage and opinion photography is a complex and multifaceted art form that encompasses a broad range of approaches and styles. It can be understood as a statement or a suggestion, an interpretation of the world around us through the lens of a camera.

If we consider that any photograph is a selected and parcelled snapshot of the photographable universe, then it's reasonable to think of photography as a mirror, a reflection of ourselves in relation to the world around us. The captured image can reveal as much about the photographed subject as it does about the photographer, unveiling their perceptions and feelings about reality.

Within documentary photography, there are two predominant ways of selecting what will be photographed, two attitudes that reflect different world views. The first is the "decisive statement," where the photographer clearly points out certain moments considered decisive for their interpretation of the facts. This attitude focuses on significant moments and events, selected for their relevance and their potential to convey an opinion about life.

The second attitude is one of "suggestion" or insinuation. Here, the photographer leans towards moments and situations that seem inconsequential, with the intention of conveying to the viewer a suggestion rather than a clear statement of reality. Rather than highlighting decisive moments, this approach seeks to capture the essence of everyday life, the details that often go unnoticed but can reveal much about human nature and the world in which we live.

Robert Frank, The Americans.

A notable example of this approach is Robert Frank, who in the 1950s distinguished himself by rejecting the concept of the decisive moment in reportage. Frank criticized Cartier Bresson, claiming that the latter was more interested in formal beauty and composition than in the true emotional impact. Frank defended the idea that any moment could be decisive, a revolutionary idea that contradicted the traditional notion of the decisive moment.

Cartier-Bresson

Authors who practice the reportage of suggestion focus on inconsequential and non-central moments of a situation. Their choice of what to capture and how to do it differs significantly from those photographers who seek the decisive moment. Instead of focusing on the main events of a story, these photographers give prominence to scenes and moments that others might discard due to their apparent argumentative banality and formal inconsistency.

These photographers often seek an existential experience rather than an audience. They are not interested in popular acceptance, but in exploring and understanding their own experience of life. Many of them photographed from "within," using their own biography as raw material for their images.

The use of artifacts, such as grain, blur, moving images, use of poor cameras, disjointed frames, etc., not only does not pose a problem, but is sometimes desired. These artifacts function as poetic imprints on the image, suggesting that if life can be confusing, it can also be represented that way. Nan Goldin

Some contemporary photographers who follow this approach include Nan Goldin, Corinne Day, and Natacha Merritt. Like their predecessors, these photographers explore personal and private topics with relentless honesty, bringing taboo topics to light and seeking themselves through photography. Although their approach is personal, their ultimate goal is to capture universal feelings of love, friendship, pain, and sadness. Their work stands in opposition to traditional journalistic reportage, offering a unique and deeply personal vision of life.

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Não é novidade que o cérebro funciona com eletricidade. Esta por sua vez surge com o movimento dos elétrons que também produzem os campos eletromagnéticos. Desde que a ciência identificou esse fenômeno no cérebro diversos estudos buscam entender como a eletricidade cerebral e o magnetismo proveniente dela produzem nossas lembranças, percepções e inteligência.

Uma pesquisa bem conhecida, foi aquela chamada de capacete cerebral. Outro estudo importante é a tentativa de passar informações para o cérebro de alguns macacos usando eletricidade. A ideia se baseia no fato do cérebro ser necessariamente um dispositivo eletroquímico, onde a eletricidade é o que produz informações.

Os resultados de um estudo realizado por um par de neurologistas sobre o impacto da estimulação elétrica de baixo nível no cérebro, afetando movimento e percepção, chamou atenção da comunidade acadêmica.

A complexa rede de neurônios do cérebro nos permite interpretar e navegar sem esforço e interagir com o mundo que nos rodeia. Mas quando esses links são danificados devido a lesões ou acidentes vasculares cerebrais, tarefas críticas como percepção e movimento podem ser interrompidas. "Nossa pesquisa está ajudando a comunidade científica na descoberta de como aproveitar a plasticidade do cérebro para reeditar essas conexões perdidas, um avanço que poderia acelerar o desenvolvimento de próteses neuroprotetoras." Comentou o Dr. Marc Schieber, do departamento de Neurologia do Centro Médico da Universidade de Rochester.

Basicamente os pesquisadores conseguiram demonstrar que entregando pequenas doses de estimulantes elétricos ao córtex pré-motor de macacos, uma parte do cérebro responsável pelas habilidades motoras, eles conseguiram essencialmente substituir os prompts do cérebro original por instruções enviadas tecnologicamente.

Um dos vários usos com a aquisição deste conhecimento e desenvolvimento de técnicas de transmissão de informação diretamente ao cérebro por pulsos elétricos poderia ser, por exemplo, fazer um braço mecânico informar ao usuário se o objeto que está segurando é quente ou frio. No entanto, entregar esta informação para a parte do cérebro responsável pelo processamento de insumos sensoriais não funciona se esta parte do cérebro estiver ferida ou as conexões entre elas e o córtex motor forem perdidas.

Nesses casos, é necessário gerar alguma forma de entrada que substitua os sinais que combinam a percepção sensorial com o controle motor e o cérebro precisa "aprender" o que esses novos sinais significam.

A parte mais intrigante desse estudo é a proposta de levar informação ao cérebro através de impulsos elétricos. Outros estudos buscam entender como captar informações elétricas do cérebro para movimentar dispositivos eletrônicos.

Estes dois tipos de estudos, captar e enviar informações elétricas do cérebro, são complementares e permitiriam a criação de uma prótese totalmente funcional, onde o paciente teria as informações sensoriais do ambiente enviadas diretamente ao cérebro além de manusear com os pensamentos o dispositivo.

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O câncer de mama é uma doença causada pela multiplicação desordenada de células da mama. Esse processo gera células anormais que se multiplicam, formando um tumor.

Há vários tipos de câncer de mama. Por isso, a doença pode evoluir de diferentes formas. Alguns tipos têm desenvolvimento rápido, enquanto outros crescem mais lentamente. Esses comportamentos distintos se devem a característica próprias de cada tumor.

O câncer de mama é o tipo da doença mais comum entre as mulheres no mundo e no Brasil, depois do de pele não melanoma, correspondendo a cerca de 25% dos casos novos a cada ano. No Brasil, esse percentual é de 29%.

A prevenção do câncer de mama não é totalmente possível em função da multiplicidade de fatores relacionados ao surgimento da doença e ao fato de vários deles não serem modificáveis. De modo geral, a prevenção baseia-se no controle dos fatores de risco e no estímulo aos fatores protetores, especificamente aqueles considerados modificáveis.

Os principais fatores de risco comportamentais relacionados ao desenvolvimento do câncer de mama são: excesso de peso corporal, falta de atividade física e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas.

Estima-se que por meio da alimentação, nutrição e atividade física é possível reduzir em até 28% o risco de a mulher desenvolver câncer de mama. Controlar o peso corporal e evitar a obesidade, por meio da alimentação saudável e da prática regular de exercícios físicos, e evitar o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas são recomendações básicas para prevenir o câncer de mama. A amamentação também é considerada um fator protetor.

A terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH), quando estritamente indicada, deve ser feita sob rigoroso controle médico e pelo mínimo de tempo necessário.

Acesse diversos artigos sobre o Câncer de mama em https://scholar.google.com.br/scholar?hl=pt-BR&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=cancer+de+mama&btnG=&lr=lang_pt

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Dessalinização envolve a remoção do sal da água para torná-la potável. Existem várias maneiras de dessalinizar e isso não é uma ideia nova. Marinheiros têm utilizado a evaporação solar para separar o sal da água já faz muito tempo. Embora seja uma técnica bastante conhecida, o processo para dessalinizar em grande escala sempre esteve associado com elevados custos.

Em geral se usam os métodos de destilação, evaporação e eletrodiálise.

Todos estes métodos são caros, por isso, historicamente o processo de dessalinização só tem sido utilizado como alternativa onde outros métodos falham. Com a explosão da demanda mundial por água potável, pesquisas para tornar a dessalinização viável economicamente têm sido motivadas em diversas regiões do planeta. As investigações e desenvolvimentos neste tema é um processo relativamente novo, mas algumas conquistas já foram realizadas.

No Brasil a empresa Aquamare, criou um processo de dessalinização que transforma água do mar em água potável. Sob a marca H2Ocean, o produto está sendo exportado para os Estados Unidos, onde foi homologado pela Food and Drug Administration (FDA), agência responsável por atestar a qualidade de alimentos e remédios.

O Pacific Institute criou um relatório alertando para alguns riscos ambientais na prática da dessalinização. Entre estes riscos está o choque ambiental se não forem criadas rígidas regras de monitoramento e gerenciamento da sal que resultem no processo de dessalinização. Muitas usinas devolvem ao mar o sal que, em grande quantidade, pode afetar a vida marinha.

Outro alerta consiste no uso de elevado consumo de energia para o processo de dessalinização, este elevado consumo pode acelerar o efeito estufa. A sugestão neste caso estaria no uso de energias renováveis para alimentar o processo de dessalinização.

O uso da dessalinização parece estar crescendo e pode se mostrar uma eficiente solução ao problema da falta de água, mas é preciso ser observadas certas condutas para não agredir o ambiente, afirmam os cientistas.

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A água é uma substância estranha, exibindo mais de 80 propriedades incomuns, incluindo algumas que os cientistas ainda lutam para entender. Por exemplo, a água pode existir em todos os três estados da matéria (sólido, líquido e gasoso) ao mesmo tempo. E as forças em sua superfície permitem que insetos possam andar sobre a água. Em outro rumo estranho, os cientistas propuseram que a água pode passar de um tipo de líquido para outro em uma chamada transição de fase "líquido-líquido", mas no momento é impossível testar isso com equipamentos de laboratório.

É por isso que Kumar e Stanley trabalham com simulações de computador para tentar entender melhor o fenômeno. Um dos resultados simulados sugere que a água muda sua propriedade quando em temperaturas de 54 graus abaixo de zero. Basicamente em temperaturas anteriores a água possui propensão para diminuir a condução de calor. No entanto, em temperaturas inferiores aos 54 graus abaixo de zero a condução de calor curiosamente cresce em vez de diminuir.

A conclusão é que mudanças estruturais na água em estado líquido proporcionam um aumento de condução de calor em temperaturas mais baixas. Os pesquisadores dizem que esse resultado surpreendente apóia a ideia de que a água tem uma transição de fase líquido-líquido. Ou seja, assume propriedades distintas em determinada faixa de temperatura, tornando-se um líquido diferente.

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Santo Agostinho ou simplesmente Agostinho de Hipona, é considerado uma figura importante no desenvolvimento do cristianismo ocidental. Com obras que transitam entre filosofia e teologia, Agostinho de Hipona influenciou diversos filósofos e religiosos.

Um livro que possui linguagem acessível sobre a perspectiva agostiniana e de agradável leitura pode ser encontrado na compilação da tese de doutorado do Prof. Luís Evandro Hinrichsen.

O tema principal do livro, A Estética de Santo Agostinho, sinaliza para a importância do reconhecimento da beleza artística no processo de formação do ser humano. Em especial no desenvolvimento da sensibilidade contemplativa. É um livro que agrada pela fácil leitura e escrita descomplicada.

Para quem estuda assuntos ligados à estética, seja na filosofia ou teologia. Ou simplesmente se interessa pelas obras de Agostinho, o livro do Prof. Hinrichsen é uma boa sugestão de leitura.

Referência: HINRICHSEN, Luís Evandro. A Estética de Santo Agostinho. Porto Alegre - RS. Editora ESTEF, 2009.

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A ideia de misturar realidade e ficção não é nova. Mas tem chamado atenção uma nova modalidade na liberdade de expressão televisiva. Basicamente, as emissoras anunciam como documentários científicos, elaborados programas sensacionalistas. Essa nova forma de chamar atenção, buscando audiência, tem provocado sofrimento em algumas pessoas.

Em 2012 a Discovery exibiu na forma de estudo científico, a possibilidade de existirem sereias vivendo nos oceanos. As imagens convenceram uma parcela da população dos EUA e o governo teve de emitir um comunicado oficial. Esclarecendo que não existe nenhuma evidência sobre a existência de tal criatura.

O documentário fez algumas especulações com base nos testes que realmente ocorreram com armas sonoras instaladas em submarinos. O que acabou provocando uma onda de encalhes de baleias. Tendo este evento dos encalhes como pano de fundo é inserido no roteiro uma série de especulações. Estas envolvem teorias da conspiração e supostos testemunhos de pescadores que viram ou capturaram sereias.

Ao final do programa é apresentada uma legenda explicando que o documentário é uma ficção baseada em alguns fatos reais. Como não são identificados quais seriam os fatos reais, algumas pessoas acreditaram que se tratava de um fenômeno real. Vale dar uma conferida no conteúdo que a Discovery elaborou, é interessante e bem organizado. Com um pouco de atenção é possível observar que os relatos terminam sempre sem evidências concretas. Tendo como explicação para falta de evidências a tradicional teoria da conspiração.

Este não é o primeiro caso de um programa de televisão que causa apreensão em uma parcela da população. Um outro programa que tratou da possibilidade de uma epidemia viral capaz de transformar pessoas em zumbis também gerou preocupações. O governo dos EUA precisou esclarecer o mal entendido.

Embora isso pareça algo comum nos EUA, aqui no Brasil também tivemos casos semelhantes. As reações não são muito diferentes. Em 1971 no Maranhão, na cidade de São Luís, um programa de rádio transmitiu sua própria versão do livro Guerra dos mundos . Do consagrado autor H. G. Wells. Assim como ocorreu no EUA com a transmissão do mesmo roteiro em 1938 a população de São Luís no Maranhão entrou em pânico. Acreditando que o mundo estava acabando. No Equador em 1949 a população também entrou em pânico e morreram seis pessoas por conta do roteiro “guerra dos mundos” transmitido na rádio local.

A ocorrência brasileira de São Luís foi retratada em detalhes no livro “Outubro de 71: Memórias fantásticas da guerra dos mundos.” Organizado por Francisco Gonçalves da Conceição e lançado em 2011.

Atualmente no Brasil a disputa entre emissoras promove uma série de falsas informações e fabricação de conteúdo tendencioso. No âmbito internacional o cenário não é diferente. As emissoras precisam chamar atenção, em alguns casos deixando a ética de lado.

É interessante como os meios de comunicação podem afetar o discernimento e o bom senso. Mesmo repetindo por diversas vezes, falsas notícias e pesquisas tendenciosas, ainda existe uma ingenuidade pairando no ar.

Na internet existem muitas “evidências” fabricadas, geralmente no intuito de criar sensacionalismo por diversão. Pode ser interessante ficar atento sobre a arte de iludir e como se prevenir.

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Diálogo é uma das coisas mais complicadas do mundo, muitas coisas podem sair errado. Existe a possibilidade do falante se expressar de forma equivocada ou o ouvinte entender de forma equivocada. Uma terceira possibilidade que agrava o problema é quando estas duas coisas ocorrem na mesma conversa. Tanto o falante quanto o ouvinte não conseguem colocar em uma perspectiva clara o que está sendo debatido. Como efeito, o desentendimento se torna inevitável.

Mágoas, ofensas, frustrações e sofrimentos surgem por conta do desentendimento entre pessoas. A felicidade é um caminho que passa necessariamente pelo diálogo. Neste sentido, conseguir se entender com outras pessoas é fundamental para uma vida menos turbulenta.

Um dos problemas numa conversa está no conceito sobre o que é entendimento. Para muitas pessoas a ideia de entendimento é vista como uma forma de subordinação. Estas acreditam que uma pessoa lhe entendeu quando faz aquilo que lhe foi dito. Em outros casos, o entendimento é visto como algo que só ocorre quando as pessoas concordam entre si num determinado tema.

Estas formas de conceber o entendimento não parecem suficientes para o sucesso de um relacionamento.

Um diálogo que inicia na intenção de determinar quem tem razão está pautado na ideia de entendimento como concordância. “Se entender” nesta forma de pensar é concordar com uma das partes ou admitir a razão de uma das partes. Esta é uma forma de diálogo válida, mas não tem se mostrado muito eficiente. Parece fracassar em uma boa parte das vezes devido ao tenso clima de autoritarismo que envolve os falantes.

Um dos problemas do autoritarismo é que este é uma manifestação instintiva. Se apresenta normalmente quando não conseguimos nos fazer entender. Quando fracassamos na tentativa de dialogar. Isso pode acarretar uma reação emocional que promove imposição de ideias através da irritação e do autoritarismo.

Geralmente o autoritarismo surge quando se acredita que existe apenas uma forma correta de interpretar os fatos. Na atualidade, é consenso entre os pesquisadores que existe uma infinidade de possibilidades na interpretação de um evento.

É possível interpretar qualquer fato ou evidência através de um pensamento pautado na engenharia. Esta se encarrega de perguntar sobre como é feito ou ocorre um evento. Também é possível interpretar através da utilidade ou funcionalidade do que ocorreu. Ou ainda, através da intencionalidade de quem relata ou interpreta os fatos.

Os critérios de análise dos eventos podem ser igualmente variáveis. É possível fundamentar uma interpretação através de um intuicionismo, autoritarismo, coerentismo, consequencialismo, dogmatismo, ceticismo, racionalismo, pragmatismo e muitos outros “ismos”.

Estes “ismos” se relacionam, entre outras coisas, com a maneira da pessoa fundamentar seu critério de verdade. Em outras palavras, qual o critério alguém usa para decidir se algo é verdadeiro ou falso, se uma conclusão é adequada ou equivocada.

O número de possibilidades para construção de um raciocínio é praticamente infinito. Promovendo uma grande variedade de interpretações sobre um único evento. Cada pessoa constrói sua percepção através de um grupo pequeno de possibilidades. Deixa para trás uma infinidade de interpretações possíveis.

Esse evento interpretativo faz do diálogo uma das tarefas mais complexas do comportamento humano. Todas as possibilidades de interpretação são válidas. Isso garante para cada pessoa numa conversa uma certeza que muitas vezes é rígida. Impossibilitando a compreensão ou aceitação de outras formas de interpretação.

Uma confusão comum paira sobre a ideia de interpretação e eficiência. Toda interpretação é válida, mas algumas podem ser mais eficientes que outras.

Quando um diálogo é pautado na pergunta pela eficiência e consequência de uma determinada escolha ou ação. Não esquecendo de incluir o sentimento dos participantes. Existe uma boa possibilidade da conversa ser produtiva.

Ausência de fundamentação e falta de compromisso em entender as outras pessoas é algo motivador para o desentendimento. Debater sobre um problema exige a busca por possibilidades e o entendimento de diversas fundamentações, ainda que contraditórias.

Detectar a ausência de fundamentação é o primeiro passo para manter a conversa no foco e evitar desentendimentos.

Quando num diálogo se percebe que faltou fundamentar adequadamente uma dada interpretação. O mais indicado é continuar a conversa após o levantamento necessário de informações, para clarear o assunto. Conversar honestamente, assumindo fragilidades, promove bons resultados.

Mas isso não é tarefa fácil, admitir não estar preparado para um assunto é algo entendido como constrangedor para algumas pessoas. Este é um pensamento muito presente nos indivíduos autoritários. Nestes casos, promover um desentendimento é uma “saída estratégica”, ainda que não seja intencional.

Na internet o desentendimento ocorre algumas vezes, mas as listas funcionam relativamente bem quando possuem moderadores. Já na vida pessoal, isso parece mais complicado.

A falta de entendimento é um problema social que afeta todos nós de uma ou outra forma. Basicamente o principal motivo é o critério de verdade manifestado por cada pessoa, em alguns casos, de forma inflexível.

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O termo Nomofobia é uma palavra cuja origem remete para a expressão “No Mobile”, ou seja, “sem celular” ou aparelho móvel de comunicação. Cada vez mais pessoas sofrem de angústia e são acometidas por um possível estresse quando da ausência de seu aparelho celular.

Uma pesquisa realizada entre britânicos constatou que 66% das pessoas entrevistadas relataram alto grau de ansiedade quando impedidas de usar algum aparelho móvel de comunicação. Algumas pessoas carregam um segundo aparelho celular para garantir a certeza de estar conectada com o sinal da operadora, tendo como motivador o fato de não suportar a ideia de um possível isolamento tecnológico.

Em primeiro lugar na paranoia tecnológica com 77% estão os jovens avaliados entre 18 a 24 anos, estes demonstraram alto nível de estresse quando privados do celular. Em segundo lugar com percentual um pouco menor estão as pessoas entre 25 a 34 anos.