@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

There must be a limit to how much data is transferred across the bitcoin network in order to keep the ability to run and use your own node accessible. A node is required to interact with the global bitcoin network - if you do not use your own node then you must trust someone else's node. If nodes become inaccessible to run then the network will centralize around the remaining entities that operate them - threatening the censorship resistance at the core of bitcoin's value prop. The bitcoin protocol uses three main mechanisms to keep node operation costs low - a fixed limit on the amount of data in each block, an automatic difficulty adjustment that regulates how many blocks are produced based on current mining hash rate, and a robust dynamic transaction fee market.

Bitcoin transaction fees limit network abuse by making usage expensive. There is a cost to every transaction, set by a dynamic free market based on demand for scarce block space. It is an incredibly robust way to prevent spam without relying on centralized entities that can be corrupted or pressured.

After the 2017 bitcoin fee spike we had six years of relative quiet to build tools that would be robust in a sustained high fee market. Fortunately our tools are significantly better now but many still need improvement. Most of the pain points we see today will be mitigated.

The reality is we were never going to be fully prepared - pressure is needed to show the pain points and provide strong incentives to mitigate them.

It will be incredibly interesting to watch how projects adapt under pressure. Optimistic we see great innovation here.

---

_If you are willing to wait for your transaction to confirm you can pay significantly lower fees. Learn best practices for reducing your fee burden here.

My guide for running and using your own bitcoin node can be found here._

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The House of Representatives will now decide whether to adopt its own proposal or the Senate’s version for the new stablecoin regulations.

The United States Senate has officially passed the GENIUS Act, marking another step toward establishing a federal regulatory framework for stablecoins. The final vote concluded with 68 in favor and 30 against, sending the bill to the House of Representatives for final approval in the coming weeks.

Republican Senator Bill Hagerty, sponsor of the bill, stated:

“The GENIUS Act establishes a pro-growth regulatory framework for payment stablecoins. This legislation will cement U.S. dollar dominance, protect consumers, and drive demand for U.S. Treasurys.”

New standards for stablecoins in the U.S.

The legislative proposal, officially titled the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Stablecoins Act, sets strict legal requirements for stablecoin issuers. The bill mandates that every token must be fully backed by U.S. dollars or equally liquid assets (such as U.S. Treasurys), ensuring market stability and transparency.

Stablecoin issuers with a market capitalization exceeding $50 billion will be subject to mandatory annual audits, while foreign entities like Tether will be required to meet specific compliance rules to operate in the U.S. market.

Restrictions for Big Tech

One of the provisions of the GENIUS Act bans non-financial public companies — including giants like Meta and Amazon — from issuing stablecoins unless they meet stringent risk management and privacy standards. This measure aims to prevent potential conflicts of interest and concentrations of power in the digital currency sector.

In the event of an issuer’s insolvency, the bill grants stablecoin holders a “super-priority” status in bankruptcy proceedings, placing them ahead of other creditors in the repayment hierarchy.

Despite Senate approval, the GENIUS Act now faces a competing proposal in the House — the STABLE Act — which was advanced in committee last May. The two bills differ on key issues such as state versus federal oversight and the treatment of foreign stablecoin issuers. Reconciling these versions will be crucial before any legislation reaches President Trump’s desk for final signature.

The post U.S. Senate approves the GENIUS Act: now it moves to the House appeared first on Atlas21.

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

Why are Stripe Alternatives are growing like mushrooms? When it comes to online payment processing, Stripe has long dominated the conversation.

However, with its complex pricing structure, strict policies and first-world focus, many entrepreneurs and companies are actively seeking viable Stripe alternatives.

Whether you’re a SaaS startup, e-commerce store, or global enterprise, choosing the right payment processor can significantly impact your bottom line and customer experience.

Table of Contents

• Why Consider Stripe Alternatives?
• The Complete List of Stripe Alternatives
• Additional Notable Mentions
• How to Choose the Right Stripe Alternative
• Conclusion

Why Consider Stripe Alternatives?

Before diving into our comprehensive list, it’s worth understanding why businesses are exploring alternatives to Stripe. While Stripe offers robust features and excellent developer tools, some businesses face challenges with pricing transparency, limited global coverage, or specific industry requirements that Stripe doesn’t fully address.

The Complete List of Stripe Alternatives

Based on extensive research and analysis of the payment processing landscape, here are 27 proven Stripe alternatives that could be the perfect fit for your business:

1. Flash – Easiest Bitcoin Payment Solution

Flash is the easiest Bitcoin payment gateway for businesses to accept payments. Supporting both digital and physical enterprises, Flash leverages the Lightning Network to enable fast, low-cost Bitcoin transactions. Launched in its 2.0 version in March 2025, Flash is at the forefront of driving Bitcoin adoption in e-commerce.

2. Lemon Squeezy – The SaaS-Focused Alternative

Dubbed as “acq’d by Stripe,” Lemon Squeezy offers a comprehensive solution specifically designed for digital product sales and SaaS businesses. It provides strong customer support, built-in analytics, and handles payments, subscriptions, global tax compliance, and fraud prevention in one platform.

3. Gumroad – Creator Economy Champion

Gumroad has carved out a niche serving creators and small businesses by providing tools for selling digital products, physical goods, and subscriptions. It’s particularly popular among content creators, artists, and independent entrepreneurs who want to experiment with various ideas and formats. They also open-sourced their code which is quite the ‘chad-move’.

4. Paddle – All-in-One SaaS Commerce

Paddle caters to SaaS and software companies by offering a comprehensive platform with billing, licensing, and global tax handling capabilities. It’s designed to be a complete solution for subscription-based businesses, handling payments, tax, and subscription management in one platform.

5. FastSpring – Global E-commerce Specialist

FastSpring specializes in e-commerce solutions for software and SaaS companies, with a focus on global payments and subscription management. According to TechnologyAdvice, it’s particularly strong for international transactions and helps companies sell more, stay lean, and compete big.

6. 2Checkout – Versatile Payment Solutions

2Checkout (now part of Verifone) offers versatile payment solutions excelling in global payments, subscription billing, and digital commerce. One of the best stripe alternatives as it’s an all-in-one monetization platform that maximizes revenues and makes global online sales easier, supporting over 200 countries and territories.

7. Payoneer – Cross-Border Payment Expert

Payoneer simplifies cross-border payment solutions, offering local payment ease globally with a focus on market expansion and multi-currency support. It’s trusted by small to medium-sized businesses for global payment solutions and international money transfers.

8. Chargebee – Subscription Management Leader

Chargebee is a subscription management platform perfect for SaaS and SMBs, with robust billing and revenue management features. If you were looking for stripe alternatives to setup subscriptions, Chargebee might be right for you. It streamlines revenue operations and helps businesses grow efficiently with comprehensive subscription billing capabilities.

9. Maxio (formerly Chargify) – B2B SaaS Billing

Maxio offers a robust platform for B2B SaaS billing and financial operations, focusing on growth and efficiency for subscription businesses. It’s the most complete financial operations platform for B2B SaaS, bringing core financial operations into one platform.

10. Recurly – Dynamic Subscription Management

Recurly offers dynamic subscription management platform, excelling in churn management and data insights for subscription growth. It’s the only proven platform that expands and protects your recurring revenue with subscription management, recurring billing, and payments orchestration.

11. Braintree – PayPal’s Enterprise Solution

Braintree (by PayPal) provides a versatile global payments platform, integrating multiple payment methods with a focus on conversion and security. It delivers end-to-end checkout experiences for businesses, offering single-touch payments and mobile optimization.

12. PayKickstart – Modern Commerce Platform

PayKickstart offers a modern commerce platform for online billing and affiliates, focusing on revenue maximization and churn minimization. It’s the most complete checkout, recurring billing, affiliate management, and retention solution with global capabilities.

13. PayPro Global – Full-Service E-commerce

PayPro Global offers a full-service eCommerce solution for selling software and SaaS, focusing on global payments, tax compliance, and customer support. It provides flexible solutions with over 70 payment methods and great support for software companies.

14. Shopify Payments – E-commerce Integration

Integrated with Shopify, this service is ideal for SMBs in eCommerce, offering a seamless shopping cart and payment experience. It’s the simplest way to accept online payments, automatically set up for major methods with no fees for some payment types.

15. Square – Versatile POS and Payment Solutions

Square provides versatile POS and payment solutions for small businesses with a strong focus on retail and mobile payments. Forbes Advisor notes it as one of the top alternatives for businesses needing both online and offline payment capabilities.

16. Zoho Billing – Integrated Business Solution

Zoho Billing is an online recurring billing and subscription management solution, ideal for small and medium-sized businesses seeking professional invoice creation, time and expense tracking, and improved cash flow management. Zoho isn’t just competing for stripe alternatives, they offer a ton of other products and services.

17. WePay – Chase Company Integration

WePay, a Chase company, provides integrated payment solutions for ISVs and SaaS companies with customizable payment solutions. It’s designed for platforms like marketplaces and small business tools, offering seamless user experience and fraud protection.

18. QuickBooks Payments – SMB Accounting Integration

This service provides seamless accounting and payment solutions for SMBs and SaaS businesses, featuring real-time tracking and automated bookkeeping. It lets small businesses accept payments online from anywhere with easy integration into QuickBooks accounting.

19. Mangopay – Marketplace Payment Infrastructure

Mangopay offers a modular payment infrastructure for marketplaces and platforms, emphasizing flexibility, global payouts, and AI-powered anti-fraud. It uses flexible wallets built to orchestrate fund flows and monetize payment experiences.

20. Coinbase Commerce – Cryptocurrency Payments

Coinbase Commerce enables businesses to accept payments from around the world using cryptocurrency. It offers instant settlement, low fees, and broad asset support, making it easy for merchants to accept digital currency payments globally.

21. BTCPay Server – Open-Source Bitcoin Processor

BTCPay Server is a self-hosted, open-source cryptocurrency payment processor with 0% fees and no third-party involvement. It’s secure, private, censorship-resistant, and completely free for businesses wanting full control over their Bitcoin payments.

22. Lago – Open-Source Billing Alternative

Lago is an open-source alternative to Stripe Billing and Chargebee, specializing in billing and metering in one place for usage-b

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Thailand Approves Five Year Bitcoin And Crypto Tax Break 

Thailand has approved a five year tax exemption on capital gains from cryptocurrency trading made through licensed digital asset platforms. The exemption will be in effect from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2029.

JUST IN: Thailand’s cabinet approved personal tax waiver on profits from the #Bitcoin and crypto sale over five years. pic.twitter.com/4gWc1gn84j

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 17, 2025

Deputy Finance Minister Julapun Amornvivat announced the measure, calling it a move to increase investment, stimulate economic activity, and drive long term growth.

Amornvivat stated, “The Cabinet approved a five-year crypto tax exemption to promote Thailand as a global digital asset hub.” 

According to the Ministry of Finance, the policy is designed to strengthen Thailand’s competitiveness in the global digital economy. It targets transparent growth, and aims to increase capital inflow into the Thai market. Officials expect over 1 billion baht in indirect tax revenue to result from the increased economic activity during the exemption period.

Amornvivat went on to say, “The capital gain tax exemption will be for the sale of digital assets made through operators regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission.”

The tax break applies only to platforms licensed by the Thai SEC. This includes exchanges that meet strict regulatory standards under the government’s digital finance framework. Exchanges without Thai licenses will not benefit from the exemption and continue to face restrictions.

Officials say the new exemption aligns with international standards from the OECD and FATF. The government is also exploring a possible value-added tax (VAT) on digital assets to support fiscal stability. 

Furthermore, this isn’t Thailand’s first step toward embracing Bitcoin or crypto.

Thailand approved its first spot Bitcoin ETF in 2024, allowing asset manager ONEAM to launch a fund for institutional investors. The ETF offers regulated exposure to Bitcoin through global funds and reflects growing demand for institutional access to the asset.

Thailand is taking a two sided approach. They support innovation through licensed platforms, while cracking down on unregulated players. With clearer rules and tax breaks, the country is positioning itself as a leader for Bitcoin and crypto growth in Southeast Asia. 

This post Thailand Approves Five Year Bitcoin And Crypto Tax Break  first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Fold Holdings Secures $250 Million Equity Deal to Expand Bitcoin Treasury

Today, Fold Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: FLD), the first publicly traded bitcoin financial services company, has announced a $250 million equity purchase agreement to significantly increase its bitcoin holdings.

JUST IN: Publicly traded Fold secures $250 million equity facility to buy more #Bitcoin pic.twitter.com/M7E3fzwAsT

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 17, 2025

Fold Holdings has the option, but not the obligation, to issue and sell up to $250 million in new common stock. The ability to access the funds is subject to certain conditions, including the requirement that a registration statement covering the resale of the stock be filed with and approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

“The Company is not required to use the Facility and controls the timing and amount of any drawdown on the Facility, subject to certain restrictions under the Facility,” said the press release. “The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the Facility, if any, primarily to acquire additional bitcoin for Fold’s corporate treasury.”

The shares offered under the facility will be issued through a private placement, relying on exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and Regulation D. Fold noted that it “plans to file with the SEC a registration statement relating to the resale of the Common Stock issuable under the Facility.”

“The offers and sales of the Common Stock issuable under the Facility will be made in a private placement in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933,” according to the press release. “The Company cannot draw on the Facility, and the Common Stock may not be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted, prior to the time that the registration statement covering the resale of the Common Stock is declared effective by the SEC.”

On May 19, Fold also announced the launch of its Bitcoin gift card, marking its entry into the $300 billion U.S. retail gift card market. This new product allows consumers to purchase and gift bitcoin through familiar retail channels, with plans to expand to major retailers nationwide throughout the year.

“This gift card gives us distribution directly to millions of Americans who may not be buying Bitcoin because they haven’t downloaded a new app, don’t have a brokerage account, or haven’t seen the ETF,” said the Chairman and CEO of Fold Will Reeves.

“I think there’s a real chance by the end of 2025 that Bitcoin becomes the most popular gift in America because of this card,” stated Reeves.

This post Fold Holdings Secures $250 Million Equity Deal to Expand Bitcoin Treasury first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Ukraine Introduces Bill to Allow Bitcoin in National Reserves

Ukraine has introduced a bill that would give its central bank the legal right to hold Bitcoin and other assets as part of its national reserves. The draft law, submitted to the Verkhovna Rada on June 10, 2025, proposes updates to existing legislation to include “virtual assets” in the foreign exchange and gold reserves of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU). 

NEW: Ukraine introduces bill for Bitcoin Reserve in Parliament pic.twitter.com/bYIiCNF13D

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 17, 2025

This doesn’t mean Ukraine is officially adding Bitcoin to its balance sheet just yet, but it would give the central bank the green light to do so in the future.  

One of the bill’s co-sponsors, Member of Parliament Yaroslav Zhelezniak, emphasized that the legislation is about granting permission, not making it a requirement. “Whether and to what extent they actually do so,” he said, “is up to the institution itself.” 

Zhelezniak recently discussed with Binance’s regional head Kyrylo Khomiakov, that he believes Bitcoin could help Ukraine strengthen its economic position and contribute to long term digital innovation. 

The timing of the bill is vital as Ukraine has been under enormous financial pressure since Russia’s invasion in 2022. Inflation remains high, the hryvnia has lost significant value, and the country is heavily reliant on international aid and loans. The NBU has managed to hold roughly $44.5 billion in reserves, mostly in U.S. dollars and government securities, but its room to maneuver is limited.  

Back in 2022, the Ukrainian government was actively raising donations for the war effort through Bitcoin. They had an official wallet set up for donations, and their politicians were publicly tweeting out the addresses asking for support. On the first day alone, Ukraine’s official Bitcoin wallet raised over $3.5 million. By leaning into Bitcoin during their time of crisis, the government showed their belief and commitment in it, and this new bill shows that that commitment has not faded.  

NEW Ukraine government #Bitcoin wallet raises OVER $3.5 MILLION in 1st day of donations

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) February 27, 2022

If this bill is adopted, it could position Ukraine as one of the first countries to give its central bank the legal ability to hold Bitcoin as a strategic reserve asset.

This post Ukraine Introduces Bill to Allow Bitcoin in National Reserves first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

BBVA Tells Wealthy Clients to Invest Up to 7% in Bitcoin 

Spanish bank BBVA is now advising its wealthy clients to invest up to 7% of their portfolios in crypto and Bitcoin, showing how traditional banks are starting to see the potential of Bitcoin. 

JUST IN: Spain's second largest bank BBVA is telling wealthy clients to invest in Bitcoin — Reuters pic.twitter.com/i2Pqg85uSk

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 17, 2025

“With private customers, since September last year, we started advising on Bitcoin,” said Philippe Meyer, head of digital & blockchain solutions at BBVA Switzerland, during the DigiAssets conference in London. “The riskier profile, we allow up to 7% of portfolios in crypto.”

The bank’s private wealth division is currently recommending clients allocate 3% to 7% of their portfolio to Bitcoin and crypto, depending on their individual appetite. While many private banks have offered to execute Bitcoin or crypto trades upon request, it remains rare for a global financial institution to formally advise clients to buy. BBVA is currently recommending allocations specifically in Bitcoin. 

Meyer emphasized that even a modest allocation to Bitcoin can have a meaningful impact on portfolio returns, “If you look at a balanced portfolio, if you introduce 3%, you already boost the performance,” he said. “At 3%, you are not taking a huge risk.” 

BBVA began executing Bitcoin purchases for its clients in 2021, but Meyer said this is the first time it is formally advising allocations. In June 2021, the bank launched Bitcoin trading and custody services through its Swiss subsidiary for private clients. “With this innovative offer, BBVA positions itself as a benchmark institution in the adoption of blockchain technology,” said BBVA Switzerland CEO Alfonso Gómez at the time. 

BREAKING: Spain's BBVA is opening #Bitcoin trading and custody to all private banking clients in Switzerland. pic.twitter.com/2ppfs34g6F

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 18, 2021

BBVA’s interest in digital currency goes back even further. As early as 2015, the bank made it clear that it viewed Bitcoin and blockchain technology as more than just a passing trend. In a statement that now seems increasingly prescient, BBVA said “institutions that understand Bitcoin and digital currencies will lead the new monetary system,” highlighting its belief that early adopters would gain a strategic advantage. 

This early support set BBVA apart from many of its peers, as few major banks were willing to publicly engage with Bitcoin at the time. 

What began as interest in blockchain technology has turned into direct investment guidance, now culminating in BBVA formally advising wealthy clients to allocate up to 7% of their portfolios into Bitcoin, a clear sign the bank sees it as a long term part of its future.

This post BBVA Tells Wealthy Clients to Invest Up to 7% in Bitcoin  first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

U.S. Senate Passes Stablecoin Bill The GENIUS Act

The U.S. Senate has passed the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act (S. 394) by a vote of 68-30, establishing the first comprehensive federal framework for fiat-backed stablecoins.

The bipartisan legislation was introduced by Senator Bill Hagerty and co-sponsored by Senators Tim Scott, Kirsten Gillibrand, and Cynthia Lummis. It passed under the official title “Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins of 2025.” 

The United States Senate has passed the GENIUS Act

— Bo Hines (@BoHines) June 17, 2025

“Today, on a bipartisan basis, the Senate passed its first piece of major legislation this Congress with my bill—the GENIUS Act,” said Senator Hagerty. “With GENIUS, the United States is one step closer to becoming the crypto capital of the world.” 

The GENIUS Act tightly regulates payment stablecoins, requiring 1:1 dollar-backed reserves, monthly disclosures, audits, and clear federal or state licensing. It prohibits algorithmic coins and places strict limitations on rehypothecation and commingling of reserves. Importantly, the bill also amends existing securities laws to explicitly state that compliant stablecoins are not securities—freeing them from SEC jurisdiction.  

While the bill is aimed at stablecoins, Bitcoin proponents see it as a foundational win. 

Stablecoins act as bridges into Bitcoin, enabling on-ramps, easier settlements, and institutional access. By legitimizing stablecoin infrastructure, the U.S. is indirectly reinforcing the rails on which Bitcoin operates. 

And as the financial system modernizes, trusted access points like dollar-backed tokens could play a role in onboarding new Bitcoin users—especially in international markets and corporate treasuries. 

“The U.S. Senate has passed the GENIUS Act — landmark stablecoin legislation that provides regulatory clarity, enhances consumer protection, and extends U.S. dollar dominance online,” said President Donald Trump’s AI & Crypto Czar David Sacks. “Thanks to President Trump for his leadership on crypto & Senator Hagerty for authoring the bill.”

The passage of the GENIUS Act may be the clearest signal yet that the U.S. is preparing for a stablecoin and Bitcoin-powered future.   

This post U.S. Senate Passes Stablecoin Bill The GENIUS Act first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Swiss Bitcoin Platform Relai & Casa Partner to Offer Multisig Bitcoin Security

Today, Relai, a Swiss Bitcoin platform, announced it has partnered with Casa to introduce a new Bitcoin saving and security solution, according to a press release sent to Bitcoin Magazine.

“Self-custody is at the heart of Bitcoin’s promise,” said the Co-Founder and CTO of Relai Adem Bilican. “As our users continue to accumulate and grow their holdings over time, we recognize the need for long-term solutions designed for serious Bitcoin enthusiasts. Casa is the ideal partner – a sovereignty-focused and user-friendly solution. Together, we’re helping users secure not just their savings, but their legacy.” 

According to the press release, the app has over 500,000 downloads, more than 85,000 active users, and a total user investment exceeding $1 billion. These figures reflect growing user engagement with self-custody Bitcoin solutions intended for long-term use.

Self-custody is a fundamental aspect of Bitcoin ownership, but it also comes with certain risks, particularly around long-term security. The partnership introduces a multisignature (multisig) custody option, which requires multiple keys to access funds. This setup can help mitigate the vulnerabilities of single-key storage.

Through the integration, users who purchase Bitcoin via Relai will have the option to store their assets using Casa’s multisig system. The offering also includes an inheritance feature that allows users to designate a beneficiary, adding a layer of planning for asset transfer across generations.

“Casa’s mission is to maximize sovereignty and security in the world,” stated the CEO of Casa Nick Neuman. “The best way we can do that today is by making sovereign bitcoin custody as safe and simple as possible. Our partnership with Relai will help people stack bitcoin and store it securely, for themselves and their families.”

According to both companies, the integration represents a first-of-its-kind model that combines Bitcoin accumulation with long-term custody and inheritance planning for everyday users.

This post Swiss Bitcoin Platform Relai & Casa Partner to Offer Multisig Bitcoin Security first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ beef3d4d:479b72bc

Costantino e il solidus

Quando Costantino il Grande prese in mano le redini dell'impero, ne risollevò le sorti adottando riforme economiche lungimiranti. Tra gli impegni assunti, il più importante fu quello di mantenere il solidus a 4,5 grammi d'oro senza tagli o svalutazioni, coniandolo in grandi quantità a partire dal 312 d.C.. Spostò poi la capitale verso est, a Bisanzio, nel punto di incontro tra Asia ed Europa, dando vita all'Impero Romano d'Oriente, che adottò il solidus come moneta.

Mentre Roma continuava a deteriorarsi economicamente, socialmente e culturalmente, crollando infine nel 476 d.C., Bisanzio, poi rinominata Costantinopoli, sopravvisse per quasi 1200 anni, e il solidus divenne la moneta più longeva e accettata della storia.

Il nome Bisanzio vuole quindi essere un omaggio alla saggezza di Costantino e celebrare l’unica moneta nella storia dell’umanità capace di durare oltre un millennio. Un esempio ed un auspicio per la Bitcoin, moneta di oro digitale che ci accompagnerà per un lunghissimo tempo.

\ Vedi anche: Monetazione bizantina su Wikipedia.

Il problema dei generali bizantini

Il termine Bitcoin soffre di un’ambiguità semantica: con lo stesso termine si indicano due cose ben diverse tra loro: il protocollo di comunicazione e la moneta digitale costruita su di esso. Bitcoin inteso come protocollo rappresenta la prima soluzione a un problema informatico, centrale per il funzionamento di sistemi distribuiti, denominato problema dei generali bizantini, formulato nel 1982 e che e’ rimasto irrisolto per decenni.

La sua formulazione e’ tipicamente la seguente:

\> Diverse divisioni dell’esercito bizantino, ciascuna guidata da un generale, sono accampate in posizioni strategiche attorno a una città nemica e dovono condividere una strategia di attacco coordinato per poter sopraffare il nemico. Le divisioni possono comunicare solo mediante messaggeri al fine di coordinare l’attacco decisivo. Il terreno impedisce alle divisioni bizantine di comunicare a distanza e queste possono comunicare solo tramite dei messaggeri. Come possono le varie divisioni accordarsi per un attacco congiunto sapendo che i messaggeri che inviano potrebbero essere catturati dal nemico, o che alcuni generali potrebbero addirittura tradire e mandare messaggeri con ordini sbagliati?

Il problema che devono risolvere i generali bizantini è lo stesso che affligge i sistemi di elaborazione distribuiti. Come raggiungere un consenso su una rete distribuita in cui alcuni nodi che la costituiscono possono essere difettosi o corrotti?

Il protocollo Bitcoin offre una soluzione a questo problema introducendo il concetto di “prova di lavoro” (proof of work) e della “catena di blocchi” (blockchain). E quindi, nuovamente, il nome Bisanzio si collega a Bitcoin ed alla principale innovazione tecnologica da esso introdotta.

\ Vedi anche: Byzantine fault su Wikipedia.

PS

Come resistere poi alla disponibilità del dominio internet bisanz.io? :)

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

A new study by Kraken reveals how cryptocurrency investors perceive security as the main challenge in self-managing their digital assets.

According to The Block, a recent survey conducted by crypto exchange Kraken found that nearly half of respondents consider themselves the primary risk factor for their own crypto security. The research, which surveyed 789 participants, highlights that 48% of users see their own actions as the greatest threat to their investments in digital assets, surpassing concerns about external theft or fraud.

Kraken’s report underlines how personal responsibility in security management forces users to take full control of their digital funds. However, the study suggests that this autonomy can also become a source of anxiety for many investors.

Nick Percoco, Chief Security Officer at Kraken, commented on the findings, noting that “a lack of confidence in personal crypto security is capping the growth of the industry.” According to Percoco, unlocking the full potential of cryptocurrencies will require users to embrace self-custody and consistently invest in strong security habits.

Technologies to strengthen security

Despite the concerns highlighted in the study, 31% of participants expressed optimism about future technologies that could improve crypto security. Among the most promising solutions identified:

• advanced biometric systems for user authentication;
• multi-factor authentication to secure wallet access;
• AI-based fraud detection systems to prevent attacks.

Data and case studies

Kraken’s research emerges in a context where security threats remain a pressing reality. FBI data shows that in 2024, nearly 150,000 reports of crypto-related internet fraud resulted in $9.3 billion in losses. Older users, particularly those over 60, proved especially vulnerable, accounting for $3 billion in crypto-related financial fraud losses on their own.

The post Kraken study: 48% of users fear themselves in managing and securing their funds appeared first on Atlas21.

@ e3ce5265:4bb9f609

The TENEX prompting system is a sophisticated, distributed architecture that enables AI agents to construct, process, and execute complex prompts with integrated tool support, context management, and conversation orchestration. Unlike traditional prompt systems that focus on single interactions, TENEX implements a multi-agent conversational framework with dynamic prompt building, real-time typing indicators, and sophisticated context preservation.

Architecture Overview

Core Design Philosophy

The TENEX prompting system follows a context-first, agent-centric approach where prompts are: - Dynamically constructed based on agent roles, project context, and available tools - Conversation-aware with signal-based state management - Tool-integrated with automatic prompt enhancement for available capabilities - Multi-agent orchestrated with team formation and collaborative prompt execution

Key Components

TENEX Prompting System Architecture ├── Agent Layer (tenex/src/agents/domain/) │ ├── Agent.ts - Core prompt building and response generation │ ├── TeamLead.ts - Enhanced prompts for orchestration │ └── Team.ts - Multi-agent conversation management ├── Orchestration Layer (tenex/src/agents/application/) │ ├── EventRouter.ts - Prompt routing and agent selection │ └── TeamOrchestrator.ts - Dynamic team formation prompts ├── Tool Integration (tenex/src/utils/agents/tools/) │ ├── ToolRegistry.ts - Dynamic tool prompt generation │ ├── ToolEnabledProvider.ts - Tool-enhanced prompt execution │ └── Individual Tools (readSpecs.ts, updateSpec.ts, etc.) ├── LLM Providers (tenex/src/llm/) │ ├── BaseLLMProvider.ts - Core prompt processing │ ├── AnthropicProvider.ts - Claude-specific prompt handling │ └── ToolEnabledProvider.ts - Tool-aware prompt execution └── Infrastructure ├── RulesManager.ts - Project rule integration ├── SpecCache.ts - Living documentation access └── LLMProviderAdapter.ts - Typing indicator integration

Prompt Construction System

1. Core Agent Prompt Building

Location: tenex/src/agents/domain/Agent.ts:133-162

``typescript protected buildSystemPrompt(): string { let prompt =You are ${this.config.name}, ${this.config.role}.

Instructions: ${this.config.instructions} `;

// Add tool instructions if agent has tools
if (this.toolRegistry) {
    const toolPrompt = this.toolRegistry.generateSystemPrompt();
    if (toolPrompt) {
        prompt += `

${toolPrompt} `; } }

prompt += `

When responding, you should indicate the conversation state using one of these signals: - continue: You have more to say in this conversation phase - ready_for_transition: You've completed your part and are ready for the next phase - need_input: You need input from another team member - blocked: You're blocked and need help - complete: The entire task/conversation is complete

Format your response as: [Your response content]

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• "Today we're launching the beta version of our multiplatform Nostr browser! Think Google Chrome but for Nostr apps. The beta is our big first step toward this vision," announced Damus.
• This version comes with the Dave Nostr AI assistant, support for zaps and the Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) wallet interface, full-text note search, GIFs and fullscreen images, multiple media uploads, user tagging, relay list and mute list support, along with a number of other improvements."

"Included in the beta is the Dave, the Nostr AI assistant (its Grok for Nostr). Dave is a new Notedeck browser app that can search and summarize notes from the network. For a full breakdown of everything new, check out our beta launch video."

What's new

• Dave Nostr AI assistant app.
• GIFs.
• Fulltext note search.
• Add full screen images, add zoom, and pan.
• Zaps! NWC/ Wallet UI.
• Introduce last note per pubkey feed (experimental).
• Allow multiple media uploads per selection.
• Major Android improvements (still WIP).
• Added notedeck app sidebar.
• User Tagging.
• Note truncation.
• Local network note broadcast, broadcast notes to other notedeck notes while you're offline.
• Mute list support (reading).
• Relay list support.
• Ctrl-enter to send notes.
• Added relay indexing (relay columns soon).
• Click hashtags to open hashtag timeline.
• Fixed timelines sometimes not updating (stale feeds).
• Fixed UI bounciness when loading profile pictures
• Fixed unselectable post replies.

Announcement / Archive
GitHub Repo
Website

@ e3ce5265:4bb9f609

...

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The banking giant is exploring an expansion of its blockchain services, focusing on digital payments and currencies.

JPMorgan Chase has filed a new trademark application for the name “JPMD.” The filing was submitted on June 15 to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

The application, filed by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., covers a broad range of services related to digital assets and blockchain technology. These include the issuance of digital currencies, electronic payment processing, and financial custody services — all of which suggest a possible new stablecoin initiative for JPMorgan.

Experience with JPM Coin

This move wouldn’t be JPMorgan’s first foray into blockchain-based finance. The bank already operates JPM Coin, a dollar-pegged stablecoin used to enable instant transactions between institutional clients. The token runs on Quorum, a private blockchain network developed in-house by JPMorgan and based on Ethereum’s technology.

The registration of the JPMD trademark comes as JPMorgan and other major U.S. banks are considering a collaborative stablecoin project through their jointly owned entities: Early Warning Services and The Clearing House.

Similarly, corporations like Walmart and Amazon are mulling the creation of their own stablecoins.

The post JPMorgan files trademark for ‘JPMD’: a new stablecoin on the horizon for the American bank appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

"Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent."

— Ludwig Wittgenstein

Simulation Theory, the idea our entire existence is part of a simulation, that we are just code running on some more advanced civilization’s supercomputer has come up in conversations of late. I’m writing to say it’s not just wrong, but bullshit. A category error, at best, and cover for a nefarious agenda at worst.

The first problem with Simulation Theory is unless there’s some way to get outside the simulation, to access base reality, so to speak, the theory has no meaning. It’s just a semantic game.

Consider for example the theory (one I came up with on my walk back from the track) that you are actually a sleeping elephant dreaming of this human life. You are sleeping peacefully under a quiet grove of trees, and you won’t wake into elephant consciousness for another four hours when the sun rises. Moreover, the pace of your dream is glacial — you will experience tens of thousands of human incarnations, full lifetimes, before daybreak. You will not wake up before then as your elephant self.

Maybe this theory is true, maybe it’s not, there’s no way to know. Anything that could possibly happen in this lifetime would not invalidate it. When there is nothing that could possibly falsify a theory, it’s neither true nor false, but meaningless. Elephant Dream and Simulation Theory are similar in this respect. You might as well call them The Universe. It’s just substituting one word-concept for another to describe an inaccessible structure containing all of reality.

Now some proponents of Simulation Theory posit a base reality beyond our simulation, namely that of the simulators. But there are two problems with that: (1) If you can’t access it because you’re just code within their closed system, you are stuck back at Elephant Dream; and (2) Even if you could somehow figure this out and access the “reality” of the simulators, why would you assume they too were not a simulation of some even yet more advanced civilization?

If they could simulate us, why couldn’t someone else simulate them? Why would their reality be any more real than ours for the exact same reasons? There could conceivably be an infinite regress of simulations within simulations, and even worse it could turn out to be circular, i.e., we will one day create a simulation that becomes the “base” simulation for all the simulations all the way down, eventually including our own.

So not being able to falsify any simulators’ reality, n-simulations deep, you are back to Elephant Dream. The elephant when he awakes similarly could himself be the dream of a person, who is the dream of another elephant ad infinitum. These are just empty words that don’t describe or affect the content of your “reality.”

(As an aside I like the infinite circular loop simulation theory as a short-circuit to the false logic it purports. It reminds me of that scene in Animal House where the students get high with Donald Sutherland (their professor.) When they opine his new book must be amazing, he says, “piece of shit” and they talk about how each atom in their hands could be an entire universe, and our entire universe might be an atom in the hand of some giant being. I always thought this could also be an infinite regress of universes as atoms in yet larger universes, and also circular wherein our universe could actually reside in one of the atoms in our own hand.)

These thought experiments reveal category errors in that they purport to describe something that’s outside the range of describability. To describe something is to distinguish it from the things that it is not, so to describe everything is the same as describing nothing in particular. You cannot describe the totality of reality any better than you can its absence. It’s like imagining how it is to be dead.

. . .

What I wrote above is the most generous interpretation of Simulation Theory, but at worst it’s actually being pushed to further an agenda. Just as a “science-based” materialism (everything is atoms) underpinned communist ideology where material resources were the only thing, and their equitable distribution at all costs the moral imperative, a code-based reality supports its own distorted, dark worldview.

If we are merely code in a simulation, then humans have no special claim to individual rights and resources any more than artificially intelligent robots. It’s only a small step from there to trans-humanism, utilitarianism and a technocratic state that subverts the principle of the individual being an end in himself.

The category error, in this view, is a convenient one — it removes the obstacles for the power-mad autists into quite literally playing God.

. . .

But back to the original inquiry: If Simulation Theory is no better than Elephant Dream, how can people hope to understand their reality? Are we stuck simply pushing back the impenetrable wall of truth via incremental scientific advances, doomed never to connect to the ultimate ground of our existence?

I think not. For the same reasons Simulation Theory fails, all of our theories will ultimately fail, and the best we can do is create better descriptions and explanations about particular phenomena that occur within our observational range.

But just because our logical minds can never reach beyond that expandable but necessarily limited spectrum, doesn’t mean it’s off limits. The problem is that to know consciousness itself, i.e., the base reality, outside of thought concepts like “code” or “atoms” one must be consciousness, not grasp at the perceptible phenomena within it.

That’s why religions emphasize faith, or in some cases, doubt. Trust in God, or doubting everything else that would impede you, is the path to that level of understanding. Logical explanations like Simulation Theory then are at best a misunderstanding to keep the deepest questions at bay, at worst a justification for unholy schemes at the heart of which is simply a will to power.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Only 1% of stablecoin transactions in 2024 are linked to criminal activity.

A recent report by TRM Labs has revealed new data on stablecoin usage in 2024. Contrary to widespread perception, 99% of stablecoin transactions were entirely legal and compliant with existing regulations.

The research shows that over 60% of last year’s total transaction volume was conducted using dollar-pegged tokens.

One key point highlighted in the report is the intrinsic traceability of stablecoins. Operating on public blockchains, these digital currencies allow for highly precise transaction monitoring through specialized analytics tools.

Issuers of centralized tokens like USDT and USDC also have the ability to freeze or permanently remove tokens associated with illicit activities.

TRM Labs data shows a 24% decrease in crypto-related criminal activity compared to 2023, with a total of $45 billion representing just 0.4% of overall crypto transaction volume. This decline is attributed to increased law enforcement efforts, stronger industry collaboration, and the growing adoption of advanced analytics tools.

According to TRM Labs, regulatory clarity provided by legislation such as the GENIUS Act could accelerate stablecoin adoption among major banks, financial institutions, and corporations. Many of these entities are already testing stablecoin-based infrastructures for cross-border payments, supply chain management, and programmable finance.

The post Stablecoins: new report debunks myths about illicit use appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 472f440f:5669301e

Marty's Bent

via Dr. Eli David

The case for a neutral, permissionless monetary protocol has never been stronger. The incumbent financial system is a permissioned wall garden that is susceptible to a tax. When you're using this system, you don't own your money. Your money doesn't really even exist. What you have is a claim to be able to ask your bank to give you your money or move it somewhere that you desire. Not only is it a permissioned wall garden, but it is an insecure permissioned wall garden that is susceptible to attacks from nefarious actors.

This was made very clear earlier today when Sepah Bank in Iran was the subject of a cyber attack that led to all of its databases being erased and their ATMs being deemed non-functional. Sepah Bank customers have been unable to withdraw cash. And many are warning Iranian citizens to withdraw as much cash as possible from any ATM outside of Sepah Bank's network that is working. Because there is a high likelihood that other banks and ATM networks will be targeted.

Bitcoin is a digital bearer instrument that you can custody yourself using either a software or hardware wallet. The network is operated by an army of geographically distributed nodes that maintain the rules and ensure that anybody trying to transact within the network is doing so within the rules that are set forth. Bitcoin is a push system, not a pull system. It is extremely hard to attack in the way that Sepah Bank was attacked earlier today.

I think it's important to note the way in which Sepah Bank was attacked and highlight that it is starkly different from the types of attacks or shortcomings from the financial system that we've seen over the years.

One of the events that caused a rush to Bitcoin over a decade ago was the banking crisis in Cyprus. We've seen hyperinflationary events in countries like Lebanon and Turkey that have rendered their currencies defunct. In the case of Lebanon, the central bank simply came out and said that people were not going to have access to their money and gave Lebanese citizens an overnight haircut on their savings. We've seen countries like India and Nigeria mess with their physical bills, forcing their citizens to exchange smaller denominations for larger denominations, causing massive disruptions in the process.

We've seen the United States government and its allies freeze the treasury assets of its enemies and they move towards a more multipolar monetary order over the last five years. We've seen the Canadian government freeze the bank accounts of protesters fighting for bodily autonomy. We've seen Operation Chokepoint 1.0 and 2.0. Here in the United States, the government directly targeted industries and businesses within those industries by either overtly preventing them from accessing bank accounts or covertly making it as hard as possible to access bank accounts.

On top of all this, obviously, we have the constant drumbeat of currency debasement across the world, even here in the United States, where the Federal Reserve and Federal Government are expanding the monetary base and going further into debt, ultimately destroying the purchasing power of the dollar at an increasing rate over time.

However, this type of cyber attack on a bank is unique, at least from what I can recall. The ability of nefarious actors to access bank databases and erase them is something new and something that should not be taken lightly. If Iranian hacking capabilities are as sufficient and capable as we are led to believe, it's not hard to imagine that we could see some retaliatory actions from the Iranian regime to counteract the attack on their banking system.

I don't want to incite alarm in any of you, but I think it is important to highlight that this new attack vector is definitely a step towards financial nihilism that could put hundreds of millions, if not billions of people in harm's way, in the sense that they could wake up one morning and be told that the bank does not have access to the records of their cuck buck IOUs. If something like this were to happen, I'm sure anyone who isn't holding Bitcoin in a wallet that they control will really wish they were. Being able to access your money is a vital part of being able to live you life. The thought of that ability being taken away because of a hacking war that breaks out is extremely unnerving.

As I said at the top of this letter, the case for a neutral, permissionless, distributed monetary system with a native currency that is finite is clearer than it ever has been, at least for me. It is imperative that you and anyone that you care about holds Bitcoin in self-custody to inoculate yourselves from these very real risks that are only going to increase from here on out.

Eliminate the trusted third party risks that exist in your life. Use Bitcoin as your money and use it correctly by holding it in self-custody.

Why 5% Interest Rates Won't Trigger The Next Market Crash

Guest Mel Mattison challenges the prevailing fear around rising interest rates, arguing that markets have developed immunity to higher yields. Unlike 2023's sharp selloff when the 10-year hit 5%, Mattison believes equities and Bitcoin can now absorb these levels because they signal stronger growth expectations ahead. He emphasizes that the pace of rate increases matters more than absolute levels, and notes that markets have had time to adjust. With oil trading at just $65 per barrel—a fraction of its inflation-adjusted 2008 peak of over $200—the deflationary pressure from cheap energy provides a crucial buffer.

> "It's not just what the rate we get to, it's how fast we get there." - Mel Mattison

Mattison's most compelling argument centers on AI-driven productivity gains enabling companies to maintain margins despite higher borrowing costs. As I've witnessed firsthand implementing AI tools at TFTC, what once required hiring multiple employees can now be handled by one person with the right automation. This productivity revolution means traditional rate sensitivity models may no longer apply.

Check out the full podcast here for more on institutional Bitcoin adoption, resistance money warnings, and bipartisan coalition building.

---

Headlines of the Day

Davis Commodities Puts 40% of $30M Into Bitcoin - via X

Ukraine Bill Adds Bitcoin to National Reserves - via X

Vinanz Raises £3.58M to Expand Bitcoin Mining - via X

Get our new STACK SATS hat - via tftcmerch.io

---

Bitcoin’s Next Parabolic Move: Could Liquidity Lead the Way?

Is bitcoin’s next parabolic move starting? Global liquidity and business cycle indicators suggest it may be.

Read the latest report from Unchained and TechDev, analyzing how global M2 liquidity and the copper/gold ratio—two historically reliable macro indicators—are aligning once again to signal that a new bitcoin bull market may soon begin.

Download the report here

---

Ten31, the largest bitcoin-focused investor, has deployed $150.00M across 30+ companies through three funds. I am a Managing Partner at Ten31 and am very proud of the work we are doing. Learn more at ten31.vc/invest.

---

Final thought...

The joy of a 5-year old riding a bike for the first time is something that should be protected at all costs.

---

*Download our free browser extension, Opportunity Cost: *<https://www.opportunitycost.app/> start thinking in SATS today.

*Get this newsletter sent to your inbox daily: *https://www.tftc.io/bitcoin-brief/

Subscribe to our YouTube channels and follow us on Nostr and X:

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

The signs started appearing everywhere for Will Reeves long before he founded Fold. In Argentina, a friend showed him how families preserved wealth through Bitcoin during runaway inflation.

In Sonoma County, where his family worked in the wine industry, he watched migrant workers get gouged by traditional remittance providers who charged usurious fees for sending money home.

During Occupy Wall Street in Oakland, he witnessed PayPal donations getting shut down while bitcoin donations flowed through unimpeded.

“I had all these touch points with Bitcoin all representing an incredibly powerful aspect of it,” noted Will. Each interaction revealed another superpower: wealth preservation, efficient remittances, censorship resistance, technological innovation.

But even with all these glaring signs, it took years before he made the leap.

The Silicon Valley Disconnect

Will had spent over a decade in Silicon Valley’s corporate machine, bouncing between major tech companies and launching consumer payment products. He was good at building things, it was his calling, but something felt off.

“Even despite doing this in Silicon Valley with a bunch of incredible opportunities and projects I got to work on, I never truly felt like I was completely aligned with what I was bringing to market,” he explained.

“I thought it was cool to build, I thought there was a great opportunity and I thought I could make something the world would love, but the alignment wasn’t there.”

The breakthrough came around 2015 when he met his co-founder, who was working on a Bitcoin side project. For the first time, Will saw how he could merge his two worlds: building exceptional products and supporting something he genuinely believed in.

“That was truly inspiring where I could actually finally say I could bring my worlds together building things and things that I care about,” he said. “That was a complete unlock.”

Solving the Wrong Problem First

Fold’s early iteration focused on spending bitcoin, converting it to gift cards or cash so people could shop at places that didn’t accept it directly. The logic seemed sound: Bitcoin holders needed ways to spend their digital money in the real world.

But Will quickly realized they were solving the wrong problem.

“The problem was not enough people had bitcoin,” he said. “We were solving a problem that didn’t quite exist or wasn’t even really ready for it.”

The insight that changed everything came from connecting two observations: not enough people own bitcoin because it’s a superior savings asset, and not enough people have savings period, regardless of where they are from.

“Those two insights brought together this idea of wait, how can we build a product that allows people to passively build savings that will be denominated in Bitcoin?” Will explained.

That’s when Fold pivoted to rewards. Instead of asking people to spend bitcoin, they would help people earn it through everyday purchases.

Building the Bitcoin Financial Stack

Today’s Fold bears little resemblance to that early gift card conversion service. The platform has evolved into a comprehensive financial services suite designed around one core principle: helping users end up with more bitcoin than they started with each day.

The Fold debit card rewards users with bitcoin on every purchase. Premium Fold+ members get higher cashback rates, boosted spins, and exclusive giveaways.

Users can direct deposit paychecks, set up automatic bitcoin purchases through dollar-cost averaging, enable round-ups on purchases, and even get paid directly in bitcoin.

“Fold is a platform where you can fully port your personal financial activity to, but to a platform that is there specifically designed to make sure that you end up with more bitcoin than you started with each day,” Will said.

The platform serves everyone from Bitcoin newcomers earning rewards on Uber rides and Amazon purchases to maximalists “living 100% of my life in Bitcoin and living in a parallel financial reality to the rest of the world.”

Most importantly, Fold provides the tools to move along that spectrum at your own pace.

“Maybe it’s not 100% conversion of your paycheck right now. Maybe it’s 10%. Okay, let’s dial up the paycheck conversion there. Let’s increase your roundups,” Will explained. “It gives you this toolkit that follows your education into Bitcoin as you develop confidence.”

Surviving Bitcoin’s Volatility Cycles

Building a Bitcoin company means accepting an additional layer of difficulty that most entrepreneurs never face.

Will describes it as “building on a moving foundation” not just responding to customer needs, but adapting to an entire industry figuring out its own product-market fit.

“When you have 50% drawdowns in incredibly short periods of time… that adds a whole new difficulty factor,” he said, noting the “absolute trail of Bitcoin company bodies that got pushed through that meat grinder and didn’t make it out.”

The key to survival? Conservative growth and what Will calls “cockroach mode.”

“Growth at all costs will destroy you in Bitcoin,” he warned. “You need to be extraordinarily resilient, very conservative in how you’re building your company… and be prepared to go into cockroach mode for years on end.”

But those who survive the volatility cycles emerge stronger. Fold now holds over 1,000 BTC in its treasury and went public on NASDAQ in February 2025.

Neil Jacobs on X

The Gift Card Revolution

Fold’s newest innovation might be its most significant: Bitcoin gift cards appearing in physical retail locations across America. While most people discover Bitcoin through brokerage accounts or mobile apps, Will sees a much larger distribution opportunity.

“When you think of where financial services are distributed today, it is not just an app store. It’s not just a brokerage account. It’s literally in every store you shop in,” he explained.

Gift cards represent the perfect Trojan horse. They’re familiar to consumers “gift cards are the number one gift in America” and retailers already have dedicated sections for them. More importantly, retailers want Bitcoin customers.

“These retailers know that Bitcoin is able to draw very valuable customers who are high earners… Many of them have families. They want these customers,” Will said, pointing to Costco’s $200 million monthly gold sales as proof that Americans want alternative assets.

“You’re going to see this in 2025 get rolled out. Big orange Bitcoin B’s are going to be gracing the checkout lines of the largest retailers in America where millions of people shop and trust already.”

Building Partnerships Beyond Traditional Finance

One of Fold’s most interesting developments is its integration with different companies, such as Crowd Health, a peer-to-peer healthcare funding company that helps people avoid traditional insurance. Will sees these partnerships as representative of a broader shift.

“We’re talking with life insurance companies, lending companies, mortgage companies,” he said. “I think this is a vision that is going to replicate across Crowd Health into a bunch of other adjacent services I think Bitcoiners are going to love.”

These integrations matter because they make Bitcoin part of everyday financial life rather than a separate investment category.

When someone can contribute to their health coverage with bitcoin or earn bitcoin rewards on insurance payments, it becomes truly integrated into their financial routine.

The Human Impact

Beyond the business metrics and technical innovations, one of the things Will loves to see is his customers doing better financially than their peers.

“Our customers are more confident, more stable and more optimistic about their financial future,” he said. “Part of it is they’re genuinely doing better than their peers. They are outpacing their peers.”

Will sees this success against a troubling backdrop. “Everyone else is living in a world where the tools that they rely on are actually counterproductive to their end financial goals, that’s a really f****** big story,” he said.

It’s a meaningful achievement when hundreds of thousands of people have earned bitcoin through Fold, with thousands now living primarily on bitcoin, especially in a financial system where traditional tools often work against people’s long-term interests.

Looking Forward

When I asked Will what he’d want to ask Satoshi Nakamoto if given the chance, his answer revealed his perspective on Bitcoin’s evolution.

“I would ask him what surprises him most about where Bitcoin is today versus what he envisioned,” he said. “Bitcoin has been unleashed into the world. It is a virus that is taking over people to achieve its ends at this point.”

Will sees Bitcoin as having “taken a life of its own” far beyond what any single person, even Satoshi, could have predicted. The technical developments, social adoption, and financial integration have all exceeded early expectations.

Fold’s role in that evolution is clear: making Bitcoin accessible to anyone willing to start small. Whether you’re earning your first satoshis on coffee purchases or converting your entire paycheck, Fold provides the infrastructure.

“Are we achieving a better world for those that are adopting Bitcoin and can we be a good tool to support that transition?” Will asked. For thousands of Fold users [stacking

@ 2e8970de:63345c7a

https://iai.tv/articles/water-not-silicon-has-to-be-the-basis-of-true-ai-auid-3200

https://stacker.news/items/1009213

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Carl Rickertsen completely exits his position in Strategy as insiders sell $864 million worth of stock.

As reported by Protos, Carl Rickertsen, a member of Strategy’s board of directors, has fully liquidated his entire shareholding for over $10 million.

Rickertsen’s decision to completely exit his Strategy position marks a sharp shift from his previous investment stance. In 2022, the executive had shown confidence in the company by investing $700,000 in MSTR shares.

On June 13, 2022, Rickertsen purchased $608,000 worth of MSTR stock at $152 per share. Since then, the stock has rallied 152%. However, by 2023, the director had already sold half of his 4,000-share position.

Rickertsen’s approach to managing his holdings has become increasingly aggressive in recent years. Since joining the board in 2019, he has adopted a strategy of immediately liquidating any stock options received.

One example of this tactic occurred on June 2, when he acquired and sold 26,390 MSTR shares on the same day.

As of June 5 this year, Rickertsen reported zero vested Strategy shares, marking the end of his equity involvement with the company.

Rickertsen’s situation is not an isolated case within Strategy. Data from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reveals a controversial picture. According to information gathered by secform4.com, over the past five years, total insider sales have exceeded purchases by $864 million. This imbalance in insider transactions could raise questions about executives’ confidence in the company’s future.

The post Strategy director liquidates all his MSTR shares appeared first on Atlas21.

@ df478568:2a951e67

It can already be used for pay-to-send e-mail. The send dialog is resizable and you can enter as long of a message as you like. It's sent directly when it connects. The recipient double-clicks on the transaction to see the full message. If someone famous is getting more e-mail than they can read, but would still like to have a way for fans to contact them, they could set up Bitcoin and give out the IP address on their website. "Send X bitcoins to my priority hotline at this IP and I'll read the message personally." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, January 17, 2009

"It might make sense just to get some in case it catches on. If enough people think the same way, that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Once it gets bootstrapped, there are so many applications if you could effortlessly pay a few cents to a website as easily as dropping coins in a vending machine." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, January 17, 2009

"Forgot to add the good part about micropayments. While I don't think Bitcoin is practical for smaller micropayments right now, it will eventually be as storage and bandwidth costs continue to fall. If Bitcoin catches on on a big scale, it may already be the case by that time. Another way they can become more practical is if I implement client-only mode and the number of network nodes consolidates into a smaller number of professional server farms. Whatever size micropayments you need will eventually be practical. I think in 5 or 10 years, the bandwidth and storage will seem trivial." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, August 10, 2010

"It can already be used for pay-to-send e-mail. The send dialog is resizable and you can enter as long of a message as you like. It's sent directly when it connects. The recipient double-clicks on the transaction to see the full message. If someone famous is getting more e-mail than they can read, but would still like to have a way for fans to contact them, they could set up Bitcoin and give out the IP address on their website. "Send X bitcoins to my priority hotline at this IP and I'll read the message personally." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, January 17, 2009

"It might make sense just to get some in case it catches on. If enough people think the same way, that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Once it gets bootstrapped, there are so many applications if you could effortlessly pay a few cents to a website as easily as dropping coins in a vending machine." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, January 17, 2009

"Forgot to add the good part about micropayments. While I don't think Bitcoin is practical for smaller micropayments right now, it will eventually be as storage and bandwidth costs continue to fall. If Bitcoin catches on on a big scale, it may already be the case by that time. Another way they can become more practical is if I implement client-only mode and the number of network nodes consolidates into a smaller number of professional server farms. Whatever size micropayments you need will eventually be practical. I think in 5 or 10 years, the bandwidth and storage will seem trivial." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, August 10, 2010

Bitcoin Is Winning Fast AF

I began writing about using the lightning network about 150,000 blocks ago because I got tired of hearing that bitcoin can't make more than 7 transactions a minute. That was true 565,000 blocks ago, but is no longer true since the inception of the lightning network. For example:

• We sent 4,187 bitcoin payments over an 8-hour period at Bitcoin 2025, a Guinness Book of World Record winning achievement.
• Nostr is the biggest bitcoin circular economy in the world.
• Shake N Steak, a U.S.-based Hamburger franchise, accepts bitcoin over the Lightning Network at all of its locations.
• We can pay our credit cards with fractions of bitcoin (sats).
• We can use bitcoin over the lightning network to pay AI agents to do vibe coding using tools like Stacks and Goose.
• Bitcoin Helped Secure An Election In A County In Georgia.

I pay for Protonmail with bitcoin on-chain.

I can also use this email to send it to other people who do the same. I've only done this once to test it out, but it works. This is not new. The time chain uses Hashcash (with a double SHA256 algorithm instead of SHA1) for its famous proof-of-work. Hashcash was originally intended to prevent spam. Now you can use bitcoin to do the same.

I ran the numbers. Our world record is an average of 8.72 bitcoin transactions per second. This is just in one place, but bitcoin is a global monetary network. Bitcoin over the lightning network makes it possible to send value at the speed of light, anywhere in the world.

We won a world record. We are winning. We use money that we know works better than gold.

"If you don't believe me or don't get it, I don't have time to try to convince you, sorry." -- Satoshi Nakamoto

☮️ nostr:npub1marc26z8nh3xkj5rcx7ufkatvx6ueqhp5vfw9v5teq26z254renshtf3g0

901,672

Zap This Blog would like to think The Nakamoto Institute for making it easy to find these awsome Satoshi quotes. If you like this article, please Zap The Nakamoto Institute!

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

DDC Enterprise Secures $528 Million to Expand Bitcoin Holdings

Today, DDC Enterprise Limited (NYSE: DDC) announced it has raised three securities purchase agreements for a total of up to $528 million to expand its Bitcoin holdings. According to the press release, this is one of the largest single-purpose Bitcoin raises by any NYSE-listed company.

JUST IN: DDC Enterprise to raise up to $528 million to buy more #Bitcoin pic.twitter.com/CPxPlsjvwq

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 17, 2025

“Today is a defining moment for DDC Enterprise and our shareholders,” said the Founder and CEO of DDC Enterprise Norma Chu. “This capital commitment of up to $528 million, backed by respected institutions from both traditional finance and the digital asset frontier, represents a strong mandate to execute an ambitious corporate Bitcoin accumulation strategy globally. Our vision is unequivocal: we are building the world’s most valuable Bitcoin treasury.”

The funding, backed by investors including Anson Funds, Animoca Brands, Kenetic Capital, and QCP Capital, will be primarily allocated toward significantly increasing the company’s Bitcoin holdings.

“This funding is expected to propel DDC into one of the top global corporate Bitcoin holders,” stated Chu. “This investment by Anson Funds and the group of PIPE investors is a resounding validation of Bitcoin’s important role in future corporate balance sheets.”

Components of the capital raise include:

• $26 Million Equity PIPE Investment:
  The company will issue up to 2.4 million Class A ordinary shares at an average price of $10.30 to investors including Animoca Brands, Kenetic Capital, and QCP Capital. The shares will be restricted for 180 days.
• $300 Million Convertible Note and $2 Million Private Placement:
  Anson Funds will provide an initial $25 million with no interest and will mature in 24 months, with up to $275 million available in future tranches. Anson will also purchase 307,693 Class A ordinary shares for $2 million in a concurrent private placement.
• $200 Million Equity Line of Credit:
  Anson Funds has also committed to a $200 million equity line of credit (ELOC), giving DDC flexible access to capital for future Bitcoin purchases.

“At DDC, we will deploy this capital with institutional discipline and unwavering conviction, cementing our position as the premier bridge between global capital markets and the Bitcoin ecosystem,” said Chu. “DDC Enterprise is strongly positioned as the definitive publicly-traded vehicle for concentrated Bitcoin exposure and value creation. My focus will be on growing our BTC treasury and delivering attractive BTC yield consistently for our shareholders.”

This post DDC Enterprise Secures $528 Million to Expand Bitcoin Holdings first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The Brazilian government has abolished the Bitcoin tax exemption for small investors and introduced a flat 17.5% tax rate on all crypto capital gains.

Brazil has officially ended the tax-free period for small digital asset investors, introducing a flat 17.5% rate on all profits from cryptocurrency sales. The decision was formalized through Provisional Measure 1303, part of the government’s strategy to increase tax revenues from financial markets.

Until now, Brazilian residents selling up to 35,000 Brazilian reais (around $6,300) in cryptocurrencies per month were completely exempt from income tax. Profits exceeding this threshold were subject to progressive taxation, starting at 15% and reaching up to 22.5% for amounts over 30 million reais.

The new flat rate, which took effect on June 12, removes all exemptions and applies uniformly to every investor, regardless of the size of their transactions, according to local outlet Portal do Bitcoin.

While small-scale investors will now face a higher tax burden, high-net-worth individuals might actually benefit. Under the previous system, large transactions were taxed between 17.5% and 22.5%. With the new flat 17.5% rate, many high-profile investors will see their effective tax liability reduced.

Under the new rules, taxes will be calculated quarterly, with investors allowed to offset losses from the previous five quarters. However, starting in 2026, the time frame for claiming losses will be shortened.

Last March, Brazilian lawmakers also proposed a bill allowing employers to partially pay workers in cryptocurrency. According to the draft, crypto payments could not exceed 50% of an employee’s salary.

Full payment in cryptocurrencies would only be allowed for foreign workers or contractors, and only under specific conditions set by the Brazilian Central Bank. The bill prohibits full crypto payment for standard employees.

The post Brazil scraps crypto tax exemption: new 17.5% flat tax appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 4c96d763:80c3ee30

Changes

Fernando López Guevara (2):

• fix: skip blurring for user's own images
• fix(search): make input background gray in light mode

William Casarin (24):

• clippy: fix large enum.
• clippy: fix large enum.
• scroll: simple fix
• note: cleanup wide/standard implementation
• android: hover post button when narrow
• fix note response regression
• nix: emulator
• log: less verbose unknown id logging
• chrome: collapsible side panel
• dave: small cleanup
• dave: add chrome toggle button
• chrome: extract method to function
• chrome: extract more non-methods
• Initial tab bar
• chrome: hook up toolbar actions
• toolbar: process actions
• nix: add $ANDROID_JAR helper to shell
• add input context menu helper
• thread: enable selectable text in threads
• universe: add full tabs
• android: fix build
• dave: initial android fixes
• android: arboard clipboard support
• android: add initial ci

alltheseas (1):

• Update README.md with deepwiki badge (#875)

kernelkind (1):

• bugfix: txn failed

pushed to notedeck:refs/heads/master

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

A sede do ProtonMail está localizada na Suíça, um país conhecido por suas leis rigorosas de privacidade, embora a empresa tenha enfrentado alguns desafios, como ataques DDoS e pressão do governo suíço, ela continua comprometida em fornecer um serviço seguro e privado aos seus usuários.

O ProtonMail foi fundado em 2014 por um grupo de cientistas do CERN (Organização Europeia para Pesquisa Nuclear) que queriam criar uma plataforma de e-mail segura e privada que usasse criptografia de ponta a ponta. O objetivo era oferecer aos usuários uma alternativa aos serviços de e-mail tradicionais que frequentemente violam a privacidade dos usuários.A equipe fundadora incluía Andy Yen, Jason Stockman e Wei Sun, todos com formação em física e matemática.

Ao longo dos anos, o ProtonMail lançou vários recursos adicionais, incluindo aplicativos móveis para iOS e Android, integração com Tor e a possibilidade de enviar e-mails criptografados para usuários de outros provedores de e-mail. O ProtonMail também lançou uma VPN (rede privada virtual) chamada ProtonVPN, que segue o mesmo compromisso com a privacidade e segurança dos usuários.

A criptografia de ponta a ponta utilizada pelo ProtonMail assegura a proteção de todas as mensagens de seus usuários. O processo de criptografia ocorre no dispositivo do remetente antes do envio das mensagens aos servidores da ProtonMail, onde elas são armazenadas em formato criptografado. Quando o destinatário abre a mensagem, ela é descriptografada no dispositivo do destinatário, garantindo que somente o destinatário possa ler o conteúdo da mensagem. Isso significa que, mesmo que os servidores da ProtonMail sejam violados, as mensagens dos usuários permanecerão seguras e protegidas.

O ProtonMail oferece suporte à autenticação de dois fatores usando chaves de segurança YubiKey. Isso adiciona uma camada extra de segurança ao login da conta do ProtonMail, pois um invasor precisaria não apenas da senha, mas também da chave física para acessar a conta do usuário. A YubiKey é uma opção popular para autenticação de dois fatores, pois é fácil de usar e oferece proteção adicional contra-ataques de phishing e keylogging. O ProtonMail também suporta outras opções de autenticação de dois fatores, aplicativos de autenticação, como o Aegis Authenticator.

Outra funcionalidade importante é a proteção contra phishing e spam. O ProtonMail utiliza algoritmos avançados de filtragem para identificar e bloquear mensagens maliciosas antes que elas cheguem à caixa de entrada do usuário. Isso ajuda a reduzir a quantidade de spam recebida e a proteger contra-ataques de phishing, que tentam enganar o usuário a fornecer informações pessoais.

Passo a passo instalação do aplicativo protonmail no Android:

1. Baixe e instale o aplicativo protonmail em seu dispositivo móvel no F-droid ou obtainium.

2. Clique em "Criar nova conta" se você ainda não tiver uma conta ProtonMail, ou clique em "Fazer login" se já tiver uma conta.

3. Se você está criando uma nova conta, preencha os campos de registro, incluindo seu endereço de e-mail desejado e uma senha forte.

4. Depois de criar ou fazer login em sua conta, você pode usar o ProtonMail em seu dispositivo Android para enviar e receber e-mails seguros e protegidos.

Lembre-se de que, para garantir a privacidade e a segurança de suas informações, é importante usar uma senha forte e habilitar a autenticação de dois fatores. Utilize o Tor para acessar seu e-mail no site onion e considere usar uma VPN.

No Relatório de Transparência do ProtonMail, em muitos casos, a única informação que eles puderam fornecer foi um e-mail de recuperação (opcional na criação da conta) ou o IP que acessou o e-mail.

A própria ProtonMail recomenda o uso do Tor para acesso anônimo ao serviço. Se um juiz exigir a coleta do seu IP, a Proton não terá essa informação se você acessar seu e-mail via o site onion pelo Tor.

Se você é uma pessoa em situação de risco, como um ativista ou alguém que pode ser perseguido por diversos motivos, é essencial tomar medidas excepcionais: 1. Pague pelo serviço com Bitcoin. 2. Não use informações que possam identificá-lo ao se registrar. 3. Utilize o Tor, ou uma VPN, sempre que acessar o ProtonMail.

@ b9ff7cb5:a0e092a8

Bismillah

---

The internet has no instruction manual. Anyone can post freely, which means unwanted spam can flood your replies, feed, and notifications. New domains call for new practice, and joining a paid relay is one way you can protect yourself against nostr spam. As a relay is also community focused, it aims to be a way for those new to nostr to find fitra and ummah in cyber-space, thereby building and joining patterns of higher-purpose.

NoorNode is a nostr relay dedicated for muslims on nostr. It is maintained and moderated by the Pnostr:npub1vmgf2pzv8k3fsch2hvc5uqnp9kvrxwrfgucek95528zax3syfwtqhykxpn team, which is a podcast incubator project for the creation of Islamic media on nostr.

The Noor Node relay is free to read. All content posted to the relay is public. However, one must pay to join the relay in order to post content to it. This payment feature is small but necessary proof-of-work barrier to keep bots and spam out.

---

How To Join:

If you simply want to read notes on NoorNode, just add wss://noornode.nostr1.com to your read/inbox relays in your client settings.

To join NoorNode and post notes to the relay, visit the RelayTool explorer page at https://noornode.nostr1.com

Click on the gear button to show options and it will reveal a side pannel where you can submit your payment.

Enter your nostr public address (npub) into the text box and select the Lightning Pay ✅ ⚡ button for it to generate an invoice QR code.

Once payment has been received a lightning bolt will animate across the screen and you will be able to post to the NoorNode relay.

---

Client Relay Cofigurations:

The RelayTool explorer is a very basic client which can be used to post to NoorNode, but for best user experience other clients will be preferable. So long as NoorNode set as a write/outbox relay in a client's settings, any client should work. That said, clients where you can customize the relay feeds are preferable. Of these, Yakihonne is the one we recommend due to it's support for both mobile (Andriod & iOS) and desktop.

To create a custom feed for NoorNode in Yakihonne from the desktop home page, select the gear button in the Note feed dropdown menu.

A widget will then pop up where NoorNode can be added as a custom relay feed. Enter wss://noornode.nostr1.com and hit the + button and then select the Update bottom to save the custom feed.

The NoorNode relay can then be viewed as a seperate feed from Yakihonne's home page by selecting it from the note feed dropdown menu (scroll to the bottom to find it).

Other clients, like Jumble, can also funtion as great ways to test out customized relay feeds. As nostr continues to grow, it is expected that more clients will include this feature.

To learn more about relays and how they work on nostr, check out this guide from the developer of Amethyst

Relay Setup by Vitor Pamplona

---

The intention behind NoorNode is for muslims on nostr to have a safe place to build community while not having to worry about issues like spam or religious intolerance. The payment to post is designed to enough to keep most bots out while also not being a significant barrier for anyone who want to enage. The mission of nostr:npub1vmgf2pzv8k3fsch2hvc5uqnp9kvrxwrfgucek95528zax3syfwtqhykxpn is to create new Islamicate mythos. We hope that the community that grows around NoorNode will embody that same goal and that the Noor of Islam will be able to radiate, even from nostr.

Please keep in mind that NoorNode is a public relay and notes posted can be picked up by others relays. If any content found on the relay does not seem appropriate or if any issues occure that cause concern, please reach out to the PodSystems team for support.

May the peace and blessings of the most merciful God be with you and light your way on nostr.

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

In a move that diverges from many other U.S. states, Connecticut has passed a new law that bars state and local governments from investing in bitcoin or any other digital currency.

The bill, HB7082, passed unanimously in both the House and Senate with zero opposing votes.

The law, officially titled “An Act Concerning the Regulation of Virtual Currency and State Investments,” was signed into law recently and is causing a stir in the Bitcoin and financial communities.

HB7082 prohibits the state of Connecticut and its political subdivisions from accepting, holding or investing in digital currencies. This includes bitcoin, ethereum and other digital assets. It also bars the state from creating a bitcoin reserve, a concept being explored by other states.

The law goes further by imposing strict rules on digital asset businesses operating in the state. These rules enforce anti-money laundering (AML) compliance and parental consent verification for digital asset users under 18.

It also requires 1:1 reserve requirements for bitcoin custodians.

Businesses that handle Bitcoin transactions must now provide users with clear information about risks and fees and provide receipts with full transaction details.

No business can let a minor use a money-sharing app without first getting proof of consent from a parent or guardian.

Lawmakers in Connecticut say it’s about protecting public funds and minimizing financial risk. They say Connecticut’s new law bars state investments in bitcoin to protect its financial assets from market risk.

Supporters argue that the high volatility of bitcoin makes it a risky investment for public money like pension funds and state reserves.

The law also looks to bring bitcoin businesses under tighter control, to make them follow the same rules as the traditional financial system.

While Connecticut is cracking down on digital assets, other states are going the other way.

States like Texas, New Hampshire and Arizona have already passed laws or proposed bills to create a bitcoin reserve, which allows public funds to be invested in bitcoin.

Texas has even described bitcoin as a “forward-thinking investment opportunity” and a long-term store of value.

The new law has caused mixed reactions in the financial world. Some think it’s too cautious, others think it’s part of a bigger plan.

Matt Hougan, CIO of Bitwise, responded with sarcasm, “The hedge fund managers got so upset they couldn’t beat Bitcoin…”

Matt Hougan on X

Some states like Florida, South Dakota and Oklahoma have either killed or vetoed Bitcoin bills this year. Others like Louisiana are still exploring the tech. Louisiana just announced it would create a special committee to study AI, blockchain and digital assets.

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

When Joao Almeida talks about Lightning, his facial expressions and tone occasionally can resemble that of a parent describing his son pronouncing his first word or his daughter graduating from college. Joao is not the creator of the Lightning Network, but he definitely contributed to its success, building on top of it during every phase of its growth.

The Co-Founder of Opennode and the mind behind Zap (which later evolved into its custodial version Strike), Joao is now shifting his focus beyond payments and the Lightning Network. Instead, he built a simple tech solution that lets businesses automatically convert a portion of their sales into BTC.

Getting into Bitcoin and Lightning

• *How did your Bitcoin journey start?*

I got into the space with Zap. At the time, it was the only project where you could actually interact with Lightning. Everything else was very theoretical. It was only academic papers—it wasn’t really about applications. That’s why Jack Mallers also became pretty popular with Zap—it was the first thing where you could actually experience Lightning.

Following on that, I created a plugin for e-commerce. 60% of websites on the internet are powered by WordPress—it’s a CMS system. WooCommerce is their e-commerce plugin that you add to WordPress websites. So, back in 2017, I built the first Lightning Network plugin for WooCommerce.

• *Wasn’t that right after the Lightning Network whitepaper was proposed?*

Yeah, everything was still in beta. But Jack, me, and a few other pioneers were like, “Screw it, we’re going to risk it.” It was risky, but at some time, you have to take risks to get the reward. So I built the plugin, and it went pretty viral on social media.

Welcome to the future boys @lightning @WooCommerce @acinq_co @ln_zap pic.twitter.com/kKPyWbQvir

— João Almeida — ₿/acc (@joaodealmeida_) December 10, 2017

What started as just an e-commerce plugin turned into something more. The team working on Zap at the time came from different backgrounds, different cities—I’d never met most of them in person. We started to work on some side projects, and eventually, part of that team created what became OpenNode.
I’d say it was the first commercial solution that actually leveraged the Lightning protocol—building on the idea of making tools that allow you to interact with the tech without having to fully understand it. So that first plugin became the foundation for OpenNode.

We started building products—POS systems, donation pages—and figured out how to enter the market. There wasn’t much competition at the time; we were probably the only ones doing it.

• *Who were your first customers?*

We actually worked with Coin Center. They do great work in Bitcoin policy. Our first demo was a donation-based platform where all proceeds went to Coin Center. It was a way for people to try out the technology while also contributing to something good that supports the ecosystem.

Initially, the e-commerce plugin was our most popular product, and that was by design. We didn’t have any physical POS solution at first. I would say the big breakthrough came with El Salvador, two years in. McDonald’s, Taco Bell, and other multinationals started using our product to accept payments. That’s when we began to grow significantly and gain brand awareness. Our user base became more diverse and mainstream.

We found especially strong product-market fit in high-risk industries—pharmacies, CBD stores, things that are legal and follow all the rules, but are still shut out of the traditional financial system. That’s been changing a bit. Companies like Square are beginning to serve those markets. But smaller shops still don’t have access, and they became our early adopters.

The Current State of Lightning

• Some people today feel Lightning was over-hyped. It was supposed to be the scaling solution, but many now think it hasn’t lived up to that promise. Do you agree?

Yeah, Lightning is definitely a complex protocol. The reason it’s complex is that for it to be truly decentralized, you need unilateral exits. That’s the benchmark. A lot of Layer 2s and other currencies wear “decentralization” as lipstick, but if you can’t exit unilaterally, it’s not truly decentralized.

That complexity introduces trade-offs—liquidity being one of the major ones. That’s probably the biggest barrier to why adoption hasn’t happened faster. But like anything worth building, it takes time to do it right. People were really excited and wanted fast results because Lightning looked like the most promising solution.

But I don’t think the issue is the tech itself. The problem is behavioral. In the U.S., there’s no strong incentive to use Bitcoin as a payment method—it’s a taxable event, and people see more upside in holding. So I wouldn’t blame Lightning. It’s more about how people behave.

In emerging markets, the situation is different. That’s why we saw stickier adoption in places like El Salvador—especially for remittances. Because of liquidity limitations, I think Lightning is actually a great upgrade for B2B—say, between exchanges. There’s a degree of trust, but you retain custody and still transact.

So no, I don’t think the limitation is technological. People don’t want to spend Bitcoin unless they have to. Even if Lightning worked perfectly tomorrow, we wouldn’t suddenly be on a Bitcoin standard. That’s not how it works.

• *So, is Bitcoin still a medium of exchange?*

Great question. I think Bitcoin is money and a network. It’s proven itself as a store of value. It’s the best-performing asset of the past 16 years. And when it comes to sending wires or cross-border value, Bitcoin is still the better alternative.

It might not make sense for everyday coffee purchases yet, but for borderless transactions, it’s still the best option.

So yeah, it’s money. Maybe people haven’t fully realized it yet, but it is better money. That’s on the record—something Michael Saylor would probably be proud of.

Orqestra and Onboarding Small and Medium Businesses

• *What are you working on right now?*

OpenNode is still operating, but I left the company last year. I left with the same realization I just mentioned: there are only certain industries where Bitcoin is a necessity. There’s activity there, but broadly, we’re still early for Bitcoin as a true medium of exchange.

That said, it’s important to have the option to spend Bitcoin. Projects like OpenNode and BTCPayServer are critical because if Bitcoin isn’t transactable, it loses part of its purpose. It just becomes a pet rock.

So my next mission was: how can I help people and businesses accumulate Bitcoin more easily? I’ve been working on a Bitcoin treasury solution—software that helps small and medium businesses do what big public companies do when they buy Bitcoin, but without needing a finance team or issuing debt.

How do you take that to scale? How do we democratize access to that kind of savings vehicle?

The software lets you connect your QuickBooks, Stripe, or Square account and say, “I want 2% of my revenue to go into Bitcoin.” You don’t have to think about where to buy or how to custody it—we provide that. The option is there if you want to do it manually, but the platform brings it all together.

• *So it’s really a plug-and-play solution for small and medium-sized businesses?*

Yes. We’re not trying to orange-pill them or say, “Put 100% of your profits in Bitcoin.” But we help them get off zero and choose whatever exposure they’re comfortable with—from 0% to 100%.

Over time, once they’re exposed, they start to see the benefits. A great example is the Tahini’s restaurant chain. They started doing this in 2020 with just a few locations. Because they saved in Bitcoin, they now have 30–40 locations. That growth was fueled by the purchasing power Bitcoin gave them.

So the idea is: how do we replicate that story across the 33 million small businesses in the U.S.? That’s the mission.

• *So what’s your target? You’ve already launched, right?*

Yes, we’re in private beta. It’s still very curated—you can request access, but we’re onboarding selectively to maintain a tight feedback loop. We want to make sure the product really works and delivers value before a full release.

Our sweet spot is cashflow-positive businesses, where you have excess cash in the bank or sitting in high-yield savings accounts, and you’re trying to allocate maybe 0.5% or 1% to Bitcoin. As you get more comfortable, you can increase that. Businesses typically start with 1–2% and end up at 10%. They start to see the long-term benefits—what being able to save in Bitcoin can do to help a business grow.

We’re ideally targeting Bitcoin-curious businesses where you don’t have to pitch Bitcoin. That’s the first fit.

Another business owner upg

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Flash Releases Free Bitcoin Invoicing Tool with No Fees, KYC, or Custody

Flash, a Bitcoin payment platform, just announced it has launched Flash Invoicing, a completely free, non-custodial, and KYC-free Bitcoin invoicing tool. Designed for freelancers, the platform allows users to send professional invoices without platform fees, identity checks, or third party custody.

According to Deel, a crypto payments company for freelancers, Bitcoin is the most used cryptocurrency in the world for payments. Despite this growth, many freelancers continue to use basic methods such as pasting Bitcoin addresses into PDFs or emails. Some rely on custodial platforms that deduct fees or require identity verification, which can affect both earnings and data privacy.

“We’ve seen too many people paste BTC addresses into documents and call it invoicing,” said the CEO of Flash Pierre Corbin. “It’s messy. It’s risky. And it’s time for something better.” 

Flash Invoicing Features:

• 0% platform fees: no subscriptions or commission
• Non-custodial: Bitcoin goes straight to the user’s wallet
• No KYC: users maintain full privacy
• Professional output: branded PDFs and secure payment links
• Integrated dashboard: manage payments, clients, and revenue
• Works with Flash ecosystem: including Stores, Donations, Paywalls, and POS

Many Bitcoin invoicing tools charge a percentage per transaction or require a subscription. As a result, freelancers often lose part of their income simply to issue an invoice and receive payment. Flash is aiming to solve this issue.

“Freelancers work hard enough. The last thing they need is a platform skimming off their earnings,” said Corbin. “That’s why we dropped our fee from 1.5% to 0% — and launched the first invoicing tool that’s truly free, without compromising on privacy or control.”

Flash Invoicing allows users to accept Bitcoin payments without relinquishing control, privacy, or revenue. It is integrated with the broader Flash suite, enabling users to manage invoicing alongside features such as setting up stores, receiving donations, or gating premium content.

“As a freelancer myself, I love using the Flash invoicing feature,” stated a freelancer & Flash user. ”It keeps all my clients in one place, allows me to easily edit invoices and track payments. Much more professional than sending a lightning address in the footer of a PDF invoice.”

This post Flash Releases Free Bitcoin Invoicing Tool with No Fees, KYC, or Custody first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

A rede Bitcoin é formada por uma infraestrutura descentralizada feita de dispositivos chamados nós. Esses nós têm um papel crucial na validação, verificação e manutenção do sistema, assegurando a segurança e a integridade do blockchain ou timechain. Ao contrário dos sistemas tradicionais, onde uma autoridade central controla as operações, a rede Bitcoin requer a colaboração de milhares de nós pelo mundo, promovendo descentralização e transparência.

Na rede Bitcoin, um nó é qualquer computador que está conectado ao sistema e participa do armazenamento, validação ou distribuição de informações. Esses dispositivos rodam o software do Bitcoin e podem operar em diferentes níveis de participação, desde tarefas básicas de transmissão de dados até a validação total de transações e blocos.

Existem dois tipos principais de nós:

Nós completos (full nodes):

Armazenam uma cópia total do blockchain ou timechain.

Validam e verificam todas as transações e blocos de acordo com as regras do protocolo.

Asseguram a segurança da rede ao rejeitar transações inválidas ou tentativas de fraude.

Nós leves (light nodes):

Armazenam somente partes do blockchain ou timechain, não a estrutura inteira.

Confiam em nós completos para obter dados sobre o histórico de transações.

São mais rápidos e menos exigentes em termos de recursos, mas dependem de terceiros para validação completa.

Os nós conferem se as transações enviadas seguem as regras do protocolo, como assinaturas digitais válidas e ausência de gastos duplos.

Somente transações válidas são enviadas para outros nós e incluídas no próximo bloco.

Os nós completos mantêm uma cópia atualizada de todo o histórico de transações da rede, garantindo integridade e transparência e se houver discrepâncias, os nós seguem a cadeia mais longa e válida, evitando manipulações.

Os nós transmitem informações de transações e blocos para outros nós na rede. Esse processo assegura que todos os participantes estejam sincronizados e atualizados.

Como a rede Bitcoin é composta por milhares de nós independentes, é quase impossível que um único agente controle ou modifique o sistema.

Os nós também protegem contra ataques ao validar informações e barrar tentativas de fraudes.

Os nós completos são muito importantes, pois atuam como auditores independentes. Eles não precisam de terceiros e podem verificar todo o histórico de transações diretamente.

Ao manterem uma cópia completa do blockchain ou timechain, esses nós permitem que qualquer pessoa valide transações sem depender de intermediários, promovendo clareza e liberdade financeira.

Além disso, os nós completos:

Reforçam a resistência à censura: Nenhum governo ou entidade pode excluir ou alterar dados registrados no sistema.

Preservam a descentralização: Quanto mais nós completos existirem, mais segura e forte será a rede.

Aumentam a confiança no sistema: Os usuários podem confirmar de forma independente se as regras estão sendo seguidas.

Apesar de seu valor, operar um nó completo pode ser difícil, pois exige espaço de armazenamento, processamento e largura de banda. À medida que o blockchain ou timechain cresce, os requisitos técnicos aumentam, o que pode dificultar a participação de usuários comuns.

Para resolver esse problema, a comunidade busca sempre soluções, como melhorias no software e aumento na escalabilidade, para facilitar o acesso à rede sem prejudicar a segurança.

Resumindo, os nós são a base da rede Bitcoin, desempenhando funções importantes na validação, verificação e distribuição de transações. Eles garantem a descentralização e a segurança do sistema, permitindo que os participantes operem de forma confiável sem depender de intermediários.

Particularmente, os nós completos têm um papel crucial na proteção da integridade do blockchain ou timechain, tornando a rede Bitcoin resistente a censura e manipulação.

Embora operar um nó possa exigir recursos técnicos, seu efeito na preservação da liberdade financeira e na confiança do sistema é inestimável. Assim, os nós continuam sendo elementos essenciais para o sucesso e a durabilidade do Bitcoin.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

A mineração de Bitcoin é um processo crucial para o funcionamento e a segurança da rede. Ela tem um papel importante na validação de transações e na geração de novos bitcoins, garantindo a integridade do sistema baseado em blockchain ou timechain. Esse processo envolve resolver cálculos matemáticos complicados, exigindo grande poder computacional. Além disso, a mineração tem efeitos econômicos, ambientais e tecnológicos que devem ser analisados de forma detalhada.

A mineração de Bitcoin é o procedimento pelo qual novas unidades da moeda são criadas e adicionadas à rede. Ela também é responsável por verificar e registrar transações no blockchain ou timechain. Esse sistema foi criado para ser descentralizado, eliminando a necessidade de uma autoridade central para controlar a emissão ou validar operações.

Os participantes do processo, chamados de mineradores, competem para resolver problemas matemáticos difíceis. Aquele que achar a solução primeiro ganha o direito de adicionar um novo bloco ao blockchain ou timechain e recebe uma recompensa em bitcoins, além das taxas de transação que estão no bloco. Esse mecanismo é chamado de prova de trabalho (Proof of Work - PoW).

O processo de mineração é muito técnico e segue uma série de etapas:

Agrupamento de transações: as transações enviadas pelos usuários são reunidas em um bloco pendente, que aguarda validação.

Resolução de problemas matemáticos: os mineradores devem encontrar um número específico, chamado nonce, que, quando combinado com os dados do bloco, gera um hash criptográfico dentro de um padrão exigido. Esse processo requer tentativa e erro, consumindo alto poder computacional.

Validação do bloco: quando um minerador encontra a solução correta, o bloco é validado e adicionado ao blockchain ou timechain. Todos os nós da rede verificam a autenticidade do bloco antes de aceitá-lo.

Recompensa: o minerador que vencer recebe uma recompensa em bitcoins, além das taxas pagas pelas transações que estão no bloco. Essa recompensa diminui ao longo do tempo em um evento chamado halving, que acontece aproximadamente a cada quatro anos.

A mineração de Bitcoin tem um impacto econômico grande, pois cria oportunidades de renda para pessoas e empresas. Ela também estimula o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, como processadores especializados (ASICs) e sistemas de resfriamento modernos.

Além disso, a mineração apoia a inclusão financeira ao manter uma rede descentralizada, permitindo transações rápidas e seguras em nível global. Em áreas com economias instáveis, o Bitcoin oferece uma alternativa viável para preservação de valor e transferências financeiras.

Apesar de seus benefícios econômicos, a mineração de Bitcoin é frequentemente criticada por seu impacto no meio ambiente. O processo de prova de trabalho consome grandes quantidades de eletricidade, especialmente em áreas onde a matriz energética depende de fontes fósseis.

Estima-se que a mineração de Bitcoin consuma tanta energia quanto alguns países inteiros, levantando preocupações sobre sua sustentabilidade. No entanto, há esforços contínuos para reduzir esses impactos, como o uso crescente de fontes de energia renovável e soluções alternativas, como redes baseadas na prova de participação (Proof of Stake - PoS) em outros sistemas descentralizados.

A mineração também enfrenta desafios ligados à escalabilidade e à concentração de poder computacional. Grandes empresas e pools de mineração dominam o setor, o que pode afetar a descentralização da rede.

Outro desafio é a complexidade crescente dos cálculos matemáticos, que exige hardware mais avançado e consome mais energia com o tempo. Para enfrentar esses problemas, pesquisadores estudam soluções que otimizem o uso de recursos e mantenham a rede sustentável por um longo período.

Resumindo, a mineração de Bitcoin é um processo essencial para manter a rede e para a criação de novas unidades da moeda. Ela garante segurança, transparência e descentralização, sustentando o funcionamento do blockchain ou timechain.

No entanto, a mineração também traz desafios, como o alto consumo de energia e a concentração de recursos em grandes pools. Apesar disso, a busca por soluções sustentáveis e inovações tecnológicas indica um futuro promissor, onde o Bitcoin continuará a ter um papel central na economia digital.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ e5cfb5dc:0039f130

はりまメンタルクリニック：GIDの大手そう。丸の内線ならパムくんちが近い。

わらびメンタルクリニック：GIDの大手そう？公式サイトには影もかたちも

ナグモクリニック：SRS手術までしてるところ。GID精神科外来が月1第1木曜日だけ？

狭山メンタルクリニック：距離・時間的にはまま近い。サイトの記述が思想的にちょとあやしげ。新患受付がだいぶ先。GIDは専門外か？

川島領診療所：オンライン診療あり！強迫性障害や美容皮膚科をやっている。雰囲気よさそうなところ。GIDは専門外か？

Jこころのクリニック：電車いっぽんなので楽。GIDは専門外か？

ハッピースマイルクリニック：オンライン診療あり！GIDは専門外か？

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Flash Releases Free Bitcoin Invoicing Tool with No Fees, KYC, or Custody

Flash, a Bitcoin payment platform, just announced it has launched Flash Invoicing, a completely free, non-custodial, and KYC-free Bitcoin invoicing tool. Designed for freelancers, the platform allows users to send professional invoices without platform fees, identity checks, or third party custody.

According to Deel, a crypto payments company for freelancers, Bitcoin is the most used cryptocurrency in the world for payments. Despite this growth, many freelancers continue to use basic methods such as pasting Bitcoin addresses into PDFs or emails. Some rely on custodial platforms that deduct fees or require identity verification, which can affect both earnings and data privacy.

“We’ve seen too many people paste BTC addresses into documents and call it invoicing,” said the CEO of Flash Pierre Corbin. “It’s messy. It’s risky. And it’s time for something better.” 

Flash Invoicing Features:

• 0% platform fees: no subscriptions or commission
• Non-custodial: Bitcoin goes straight to the user’s wallet
• No KYC: users maintain full privacy
• Professional output: branded PDFs and secure payment links
• Integrated dashboard: manage payments, clients, and revenue
• Works with Flash ecosystem: including Stores, Donations, Paywalls, and POS

Many Bitcoin invoicing tools charge a percentage per transaction or require a subscription. As a result, freelancers often lose part of their income simply to issue an invoice and receive payment. Flash is aiming to solve this issue.

“Freelancers work hard enough. The last thing they need is a platform skimming off their earnings,” said Corbin. “That’s why we dropped our fee from 1.5% to 0% — and launched the first invoicing tool that’s truly free, without compromising on privacy or control.”

Flash Invoicing allows users to accept Bitcoin payments without relinquishing control, privacy, or revenue. It is integrated with the broader Flash suite, enabling users to manage invoicing alongside features such as setting up stores, receiving donations, or gating premium content.

“As a freelancer myself, I love using the Flash invoicing feature,” stated a freelancer & Flash user. ”It keeps all my clients in one place, allows me to easily edit invoices and track payments. Much more professional than sending a lightning address in the footer of a PDF invoice.”

This post Flash Releases Free Bitcoin Invoicing Tool with No Fees, KYC, or Custody first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ 88cc134b:5ae99079

content

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

The rain had been falling for hours.

David sat on the park bench, drenched, unmoving. His tie was loosened, briefcase soaked, and his eyes blank.

To anyone watching, he looked like someone waiting for a bus that would never come.

An old man with a red umbrella approached, eyeing the empty space beside him.

“Mind if I sit?” he asked.

David gave a tired shrug.

The old man sat, opened his umbrella to shield them both.

“You look like you lost something.”

David’s jaw clenched. “My job. My wife. And maybe myself.”

The man nodded. “That’s a lot for one bench.”

They sat in silence for a while. Only the sound of rain hitting the umbrella filled the air.

The old man finally spoke. “Thirty years ago, I sat on this same bench. After my son died. Thought the world had ended.”

David looked at him.

“What happened?”

“I met a woman who just sat and said nothing. But her silence didn’t judge. It helped.”

David stared ahead. “You think it gets better?”

“No,” the man said gently. “But you get stronger. If you let yourself heal.”

Another long pause.

David let out a shaky breath. “I don’t know where to begin.”

The man handed him the umbrella.

“Begin by getting out of the rain.”

Moral/Theme:

Even in the storm, someone may offer shelter. Healing doesn’t always come in words, it begins with presence.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

ปี 1937 — บริษัท Hormel Foods Corporation ในเมืองออสติน รัฐมินนิโซตา สหรัฐฯ ชายคนหนึ่งชื่อ Jay C. Hormel ลูกชายของผู้ก่อตั้งบริษัท มีไอเดียแสนทะเยอทะยานว่า “อยากทำผลิตภัณฑ์จากหมู ที่เก็บได้นาน ไม่ต้องแช่เย็น และไม่แพง”

เพราะตอนนั้น หมูเหลือเยอะ โดยเฉพาะ “หัวไหล่หมู” ที่ขายไม่ออก เพราะมันไม่ใช่ชิ้นเนื้อพรีเมียมที่คนอยากซื้อไปทำอาหาร เจย์เลยทดลองบดเนื้อไหล่หมู เติมเกลือ น้ำตาล สารกันเสีย โซเดียมไนไตรต์ และสิ่งสำคัญสุดคือ เจลาตินจากน้ำต้มกระดูก เพื่อให้เนื้อเกาะตัว ไม่แห้ง และอยู่ได้นานโดยไม่ต้องแช่เย็น

ผลลัพธ์คือ หมูกระป๋อง 340 กรัมในกล่องสี่เหลี่ยม พร้อมเปิดฝาดึงด้วยมือ ไม่ต้องใช้ที่เปิดกระป๋อง ชูความ ราคาถูก เก็บง่าย พกพาสะดวก และไม่ต้องปรุงอะไรเพิ่มเติม ซ่อนความของเหลือเอาไว้เงียบๆ

และเพื่อให้คนจำได้ง่าย บริษัทจัดประกวดตั้งชื่อ และผู้ชนะเสนอคำว่า “Spam” = Spiced Ham (แต่ไม่มีใครรู้จริงๆ ว่าย่อจากอะไรแน่) แค่ “สั้น จัดจ้าน และจำง่าย” ก็พอ

เมื่อเกิดสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 ในปี 1939 สหรัฐฯ ยังไม่เข้าสงครามเต็มตัว แต่เริ่มเตรียมเสบียงสนับสนุนพันธมิตร และ Spam กลายเป็นของขวัญจากพระเจ้า เพราะ เก็บได้นานหลายปี ไม่ต้องแช่เย็น น้ำหนักเบา เปิดง่าย ไม่เสียง่ายแม้เจอฝุ่น โคลน หรือไอร้อนจากปืนใหญ่

รัฐบาลสหรัฐฯ เริ่มจัดสั่ง Spam ให้กับกองทัพในสัดส่วนที่มากขึ้นเรื่อยๆ โดยเฉพาะทหารแนวหน้าในยุโรปและแปซิฟิก เช่น ฮาวาย, ฟิลิปปินส์, กวม, และเกาหลี ระหว่างสงคราม Hormel ผลิต Spam มากถึง 15 ล้านกระป๋องต่อสัปดาห์ และส่งออกไปมากกว่า 100 ล้านกระป๋อง ภายในเวลาไม่กี่ปี

Jay C. Hormel ถือว่ามีบทบาททางสังคมและการเมืองอยู่ไม่น้อย โดยเฉพาะช่วงก่อนสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2

เขาเคยเป็นสมาชิกของ America First Committee ซึ่งเป็นกลุ่มเคลื่อนไหวทางการเมืองที่มีอิทธิพลมากในช่วงก่อนสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 โดยกลุ่มนี้มีเป้าหมายคือ “ต่อต้านการที่อเมริกาจะเข้าไปร่วมสงครามในยุโรป” สมาชิกของกลุ่มนี้มีทั้งนักธุรกิจใหญ่ สื่อมวลชน นักวิชาการ รวมถึงชาร์ลส ลินด์เบิร์ก (นักบินชื่อดัง) เรียกได้ว่าเป็นกลุ่มที่มีอิทธิพลเชิงความคิดและการเมืองในช่วงปลายยุค 1930s

แม้ในตอนแรก Hormel จะมีแนวคิดไม่เห็นด้วยกับการเข้าสงคราม แต่พอสงครามเริ่มต้นจริง และสหรัฐฯ ต้องส่งทหารและเสบียงออกไปรบ เขาก็ “ปรับตัวทันที” และกลายเป็นหนึ่งในผู้จัดหาอาหารรายใหญ่ให้กองทัพ โดยเฉพาะ Spam ที่ผลิตส่งเป็นล้านกระป๋องต่อสัปดาห์ ซึ่งแน่นอนว่าไม่มีทางทำได้ถ้าไม่มีความสัมพันธ์และการประสานงานกับภาครัฐโดยตรง

หลังสงครามโลกสิ้นสุดในปี 1945 สิ่งที่รัฐบาลและภาคธุรกิจต้องเจอคือ จะทำยังไงกับโรงงานผลิตอาหารที่เคยทำเพื่อ “เลี้ยงทหารนับล้าน” แต่ตอนนี้ไม่มีสงครามแล้ว? Hormel ไม่ยอมให้ Spam หายไปจากโต๊ะอาหารโลกง่ายๆ แผนการตลาดที่ฉลาดมากของพวกเขาคือ 1. “Sell the nostalgia” ขายความทรงจำ! คนอเมริกันที่เป็นทหารผ่านศึก กลับมาใช้ชีวิตปกติ แต่ก็ยังคุ้นเคยกับ Spam อยู่แล้ว ก็ขายให้พวกเขานั่นแหละ 2. “ผูกกับอาหารเช้า” Hormel ทำสูตร “Spam and eggs” และโฆษณาว่าเป็นอาหารเช้าที่ให้พลังงาน ย่อยง่าย และเหมาะกับทุกครอบครัว 3. เจาะตลาดประเทศที่ได้รับ Spam ระหว่างสงคราม ฟิลิปปินส์, ฮาวาย, ญี่ปุ่น, เกาหลีใต้, อังกฤษ กลายเป็นตลาดหลัก บางประเทศพัฒนาเมนูท้องถิ่นกับ Spam เช่น ฟิลิปปินส์ Spam silog (Spam + ข้าว + ไข่ดาว), เกาหลี 부대찌개 (Budae-jjigae) หรือหม้อไฟทหาร, ญี่ปุ่น Spam onigiri, ฮาวาย Spam musubi (สแปมวางบนข้าว ปิดด้วยสาหร่าย) 4. สร้างแบรนด์ให้รัก Hormel สนับสนุนการจัดงานเทศกาล Spam (เช่น Spam Jam) และทำให้แบรนด์กลายเป็น Pop Culture ของอเมริกา เพื่อโปรโมตแบรนด์ให้เป็นของอเมริกันจ๋า ทั้งน่ารัก ทั้งเท่ ทั้งกินง่าย และกลายเป็นความภูมิใจของชนชั้นกลาง

ระหว่างปี 1937–1946 Spam สร้างชื่อให้ Hormel อย่างถล่มทลาย ถึงขั้นรัฐบาลโซเวียตยังเคยร้องขอให้สหรัฐฯ ส่ง Spam เข้าโซเวียตเพื่อเลี้ยงทหารแนวหน้า โดย นายพล Dwight D. Eisenhower (ต่อมาคือประธานาธิบดีสหรัฐฯ) เคยกล่าวว่า “I ate my share of Spam along with millions of other soldiers. I’ll even confess to a few unkind remarks about it—uttered during the strain of battle... But as former Commander in Chief, I believe I can still see Spam in my dreams.” (ฉันกิน Spam มากพอๆ กับทหารหลายล้านคน แม้จะเคยบ่นบ้าง แต่ในฐานะอดีตแม่ทัพใหญ่...ฉันยังฝันเห็นมันเลย)

Jay C. Hormel ไม่ใช่แค่คนขายหมู แต่เขาเป็นนักวางระบบอุตสาหกรรมขั้นเทพ สามารถยกระดับกิจการท้องถิ่นของพ่อให้กลายเป็นบริษัทอาหารที่ส่งออกระดับโลกได้ เขาเป็น early adopter ของสิ่งที่เรียกว่า vertical integration คือควบคุมทุกขั้นตอน ตั้งแต่ฟาร์ม โรงฆ่าสัตว์ โรงงาน บรรจุภัณฑ์ จนถึงการขนส่งและการตลาด

ในปี 1970s รายการตลกชื่อดังของอังกฤษอย่าง Monty Python’s Flying Circus ได้เอา Spam มาเล่นมุกในตอนหนึ่ง โดยฉากคือร้านอาหารที่ทุกเมนูมี Spam อยู่ในนั้น แล้วลูกค้าพยายามสั่งอาหารโดยไม่เอา Spam แต่ร้านไม่ยอม เพราะ “เมนูเรามี Spam ทุกอย่าง!” จนเสียงลูกค้ากับแม่ค้ากลายเป็นการโต้เถียงอันแสนตลก และมีนักแสดงแต่งเป็นไวกิ้งยืนร้อง “Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam...” ซ้ำๆ อยู่ด้านหลังแบบไม่รู้จบ https://youtu.be/anwy2MPT5RE?si=-68WQeng47lhJENJ

ฉากนั้นกลายเป็นตำนานในโลกตลก และคำว่า “Spam” ก็เริ่มถูกใช้เป็นคำสแลงหมายถึง “ของที่ซ้ำซาก ไร้สาระ รบกวน” ซึ่งต่อมาก็กลายเป็นคำที่เราใช้เรียกอีเมลหรือข้อความขยะนั่นเอง

จะว่าไปแล้ว Spam ถือเป็น “สินค้าที่ครอบงำและเปลี่ยนแปลงอาหารของโลกอีกตัวนึง” อย่างแท้จริง จากเศษหมูไร้คนซื้อ → สินค้าแห่งนวัตกรรมอาหาร → เสบียงสงคราม → อาหารเช้าคลาสสิก → วัฒนธรรมท้องถิ่น → Meme ตลก → และสุดท้ายก็กลายเป็นคำด่าบนอินเทอร์เน็ต

Jay C. Hormel ไม่ได้เป็นนักการเมือง แต่เขาเป็น “นักอุตสาหกรรมที่มีบทบาททางการเมือง” โดยเฉพาะในช่วงเปลี่ยนผ่านของประเทศจาก “ไม่เอาสงคราม” ไปสู่ “ต้องชนะสงคราม”

เขาอาจเริ่มจากแนวคิด “อย่ายุ่งเรื่องคนอื่น” แต่พอเห็นว่าโอกาสมา เขาก็เปลี่ยนโหมดทันที และทำให้ Spam กลายเป็นเสบียงระดับชาติ แบบนี้แหละเฮียถึงบอกว่า “สงครามทำให้คนธรรมดากลายเป็นตำนาน” ...หรือไม่ก็ “สงครามทำให้ธุรกิจธรรมดากลายเป็นธุรกิจผูกขาดที่ไม่มีใครเลิกกินได้อีกเลย”

Spam ไม่ใช่แค่อาหารกระป๋อง แต่เป็นเครื่องมือทางภูมิสงคราม อุตสาหกรรม และการตลาด จากห้องครัวทดลองเล็กๆ ในมินนิโซตา กลายเป็นไอเท็มในสนามรบระดับโลก และสุดท้าย…ก็กลายเป็นทั้ง อาหารในตู้, มุกในมุขตลก, และ คำด่าบนโลกออนไลน์ ทั้งหมดนี้เริ่มต้นจากคำเดียว... "หมูมันเหลือ"

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

This article was originally published on dev.to by satshacker.

Alright, you’ve built a useful and beautiful website, tool or app. However, monetization isn’t a priority and you’d rather keep the project free, ads-free and accessible?

Accepting donations would be an option, but how? A PayPal button? Stripe? Buymeacoffe? Patreon?

All of these services require a bank account and KYC verification, before you can send and receive donations – not very convenient.

If we only could send value over the internet, with just one click and without the need of a bank account…

Oh, hold on, that’s bitcoin. The decentralized protocol to send value across the globe. Money over TCP/IP.

In this article, we’ll learn how anyone can easily add a payment button or donation widget on a website or app.

Let’s get into it.

Introduction

Bitcoin is digital money that you can send and receive without the need for banks. While bitcoin is extremely secure, it’s not very fast. The maximum transactions per second (TPS) the network can handle is about 7. Obviously that’s not useful for daily payments or microtransactions.

If you’d like to dig deeper into how bitcoin works, a great read is “Mastering Bitcoin” by Andreas Antonopoulos.

Bitcoin vs Lightning

If you’d like to receive bitcoin donations “on-chain” all you need is a bitcoin wallet. You simply display your bitcoin address on your site and that’s it. You can receive donations.

It would look something like this; 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa

Instead of showing the actual bitcoin address, you can also turn it into a QR code.

However, this is not a recommended solution. Using static on-chain addresses has two major downsides. It lowers privacy for you and your donnors and it’s a UTXO disaster because many small incoming transactions could beocme hard to consolidate in the future.

For donations and small transactions, the Lightning Network is the better option. Lightning allows for instant settlement with fees only a fraction of a cent.

Similar to bitcoin, you have the choice between non-custodial and custodial wallets. This means, either you have full control over your money or the wallet provider has.

Option 1: Lightning Address

With the lightning address feature, you an easily receive donations to an email like address.

It looks like this: yourname@wallet.com

Many wallets support lightning addresses and make it easy to create one. Then, you simple add the address to your donation page and you’re ready to receive tips.

You can also add a link link as in lightning:yourname@wallet.com and compatible lightning wallets and browser wallets will detect the address.

How to get a Lightning Address Fast

Option 2: Lightning Donation Widgets

If you like to take it a step further, you can also create a more enhanced donation checkout flow. Of course you could programm something yourself, there are many open source libraries you can build upon. If you want a simple plug-and-play solution, here are a couple of options:

Name

Type

Registration

SatSale

Self-hosted

No KYC

BTCPay Server

Self-hosted

No KYC

Pay With Flash

Widget

Email

Geyser Fund

Widget

Email

The Giving Block

Hosted

KYC

OpenNode

Hosted

KYC

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SatSale (GitHub)

Lightweight, self-hosted Bitcoin/Lightning payment processor. No KYC.

Ideal for developers comfortable with server management. Simple to deploy, supports both on-chain and Lightning, and integrates with WooCommerce.

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BTCPay Server

Powerful, open-source, self-hosted processor for Bitcoin and Lightning. No KYC.

Supports multiple currencies, advanced features, and full privacy. Requires technical setup and maintenance. Funds go directly to your wallet; great for those seeking full control.

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Pay With Flash

Easiest for indie hackers. Add a donation widget with minimal code and no KYC. Payments go directly to your wallet for a 1.5% fee.

Setup Steps:

1. Sign up at PayWithFlash.com
2. Customize your widget in the dashboard
3. Embed the code:

1. Test to confirm functionality

Benefits:

• Minimal technical skills required
• Supports one-time or recurring donations
• Direct fund transfer, no intermediaries

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Geyser Fund

Crowdfunding platform. Widget-based, connects to your wallet, email registration.Focused on Bitcoin crowdfunding, memberships and donations.

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The Giving Block

Hosted, KYC required. Integrates with fiat and crypto, best for nonprofits or larger organizations.

---

OpenNode

Hosted, KYC required. Accept Bitcoin payments and donations; supports conversion to fiat, suitable for businesses and nonprofits.

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Summary

• Fast, low-code setup: Use Pay With Flash or Geyser Fund.
• Privacy and control: Choose SatSale or BTCPay Server (requires technical skills).
• Managed, compliant solutions: The Giving Block or OpenNode.

Choose based on your technical comfort, privacy needs, and project scale.

I hope this article helped you. If you added bitcoin donations, share your link in the comments and I will send you a few satoshis maybe

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

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"Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy.  A private matter is something one doesn't want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn't want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world." - Eric Hughes, A Cypherpunk's Manifesto, 1993

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Privacy is essential to freedom. Without privacy, individuals are unable to make choices free from surveillance and control. Lack of privacy leads to loss of autonomy. When individuals are constantly monitored it limits our ability to express ourselves and take risks. Any decisions we make can result in negative repercussions from those who surveil us. Without the freedom to make choices, individuals cannot truly be free.

Freedom is essential to acquiring and preserving wealth. When individuals are not free to make choices, restrictions and limitations prevent us from economic opportunities. If we are somehow able to acquire wealth in such an environment, lack of freedom can result in direct asset seizure by governments or other malicious entities. At scale, when freedom is compromised, it leads to widespread economic stagnation and poverty. Protecting freedom is essential to economic prosperity.

The connection between privacy, freedom, and wealth is critical. Without privacy, individuals lose the freedom to make choices free from surveillance and control. While lack of freedom prevents individuals from pursuing economic opportunities and makes wealth preservation nearly impossible. No Privacy? No Freedom. No Freedom? No Wealth.

Rights are not granted. They are taken and defended. Rights are often misunderstood as permission to do something by those holding power. However, if someone can give you something, they can inherently take it from you at will. People throughout history have necessarily fought for basic rights, including privacy and freedom. These rights were not given by those in power, but rather demanded and won through struggle. Even after these rights are won, they must be continually defended to ensure that they are not taken away. Rights are not granted - they are earned through struggle and defended through sacrifice.

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If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

Nostr is an open communication protocol that can be used to send messages across a distributed set of relays in a censorship resistant and robust way.

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If you missed my nostr introduction post you can find it here. My nostr account can be found here.

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We are nearly at the point that if something interesting is posted on a centralized social platform it will usually be posted by someone to nostr.

We are nearly at the point that if something interesting is posted exclusively to nostr it is cross posted by someone to various centralized social platforms.

We are nearly at the point that you can recommend a cross platform app that users can install and easily onboard without additional guides or resources.

As companies continue to build walls around their centralized platforms nostr posts will be the easiest to cross reference and verify - as companies continue to censor their users nostr is the best censorship resistant alternative - gradually then suddenly nostr will become the standard. 🫡

Current Nostr Stats

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If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 8194da31:0f3badf3

The Dollar Milkshake Theory is this:

The U.S. Dollar is the reserve currency, acting as the “straw” in the “milkshake” of financial liquidity.

Global markets get shaky.

Dollar sucks up liquidity as capital flies into the USD and US markets for safety.

Dollar gets stronger. Foreign countries struggle as dollar-denominated debts and basic goods and services get more expensive.

More panic, more flight to USD and US markets.

Dollar sucks up more liquidity, gets even stronger.

Rinse, repeat until total global crisis.

System collapses. The theory is correct in that the system will collapse.

The theory is incorrect in that the straw isn’t the U.S. Dollar – it’s Bitcoin.

This is the Bitcoin Milkshake Theory:

@ a53364ff:e6ba5513

The internet is filled with countless social media platforms, all built on centralized servers and proprietary algorithms. However, in the world of decentralized technologies, a new contender is rising. Nostr is a simple, open protocol that promises to bring decentralized, censorship-resistant communication to the masses. In this article, we will explore what Nostr is, how it works, and why it might be the next big thing in the social media space.

1. How Did the Nostr Protocol Come About?

Nostr (Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays) was first conceived as a solution to the growing control centralized entities exert over online communications. Most social media platforms today are controlled by corporations, which have the power to censor, ban users, or manipulate what people see in their feeds. These issues, combined with growing concerns about privacy and data collection, inspired the creation of Nostr in 2020 by an anonymous developer named “fiatjaf”. The protocol aims to provide a decentralized alternative where users have control over their own content and identities.

2. What is Nostr?

Nostr is an open, decentralized communication protocol that allows users to send and receive messages in a censorship-resistant manner. It’s not a social network by itself but a foundation for building decentralized applications (DApps), such as social networks, chat apps, and other forms of communication platforms. Unlike traditional platforms, where all data is stored and managed by a single company, Nostr allows users to control their own data and interact directly without intermediaries.

3. Why is Nostr Different from Other Social Networks?

Traditional social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram are centralized, meaning all of your posts, messages, and data are controlled by a single company. These platforms have the power to suspend accounts, remove content, or alter algorithms in ways that impact your online presence. Nostr, on the other hand, is decentralized and open-source. There is no central authority, meaning your posts cannot be censored or deleted by a single entity. Each user owns their data, and communication happens directly between users and servers (called relays), reducing the potential for manipulation or surveillance.

4. Similarities of Nostr with Bitcoin

Nostr shares a similar ethos with Bitcoin, in that both are decentralized, censorship-resistant, and permissionless. Just as Bitcoin allows people to transfer value without intermediaries, Nostr enables communication without relying on a central authority. Both projects promote the idea of individual sovereignty—whether that’s over your money or your communication.

Another connection is the use of public and private keys for identity management. Like Bitcoin wallets, Nostr uses cryptographic keys, meaning that users “log in” by signing messages with their private key. This ensures that only the true owner of the key can send messages from a specific identity.

5. Bitcoin Integrations

Bitcoin and Nostr are increasingly integrated, especially through Bitcoin’s Lightning Network, which is designed for fast, low-fee transactions. Nostr and Bitcoin are a natural fit. By integrating Bitcoin’s Lightning Network, Nostr allows users to send and receive micropayments seamlessly. This is particularly useful for tipping or rewarding content creators within the network. Satoshis (the smallest unit of Bitcoin) can be sent across Nostr’s network almost instantly and with minimal fees. On Nostr, users can send Bitcoin micropayments, often referred to as “zaps.” This enables tipping and rewarding users directly within the network, providing a seamless way for content creators to monetize their work without the need for third-party platforms. For example, if you appreciate a post, you can “zap” the creator a small amount of Bitcoin, creating a new way to support online communities.

6. How Does Nostr Work? What are Clients and Relays?

Nostr operates through two main components: Clients and Relays.

– Clients are applications that allow users to create accounts, post messages, and interact with others. These clients can be web apps, mobile apps, or desktop apps that interact with the Nostr network.

– Relays are servers that store and transmit the messages between clients. When you post a message on Nostr, it is sent to a relay, and other users’ clients pull that message from the relay. You are not tied to any single relay, so even if one relay is down or blocks your content, you can still interact with others using different relays.

This relay-client model ensures that the network remains decentralized and difficult to censor.

7. Difference Between Today’s Internet and Nostr’s

Today’s internet is heavily centralized. Most of our communication, from emails to social media, is managed by large corporations with access to vast amounts of data about their users. This leads to issues like censorship, surveillance, and data harvesting. Nostr seeks to change this by decentralizing communication. It puts control back into the hands of users, allowing for a more private and open internet experience. There’s no need for trust in any single company—users own their data and decide which relays to trust or use.

8. How Do Bitcoin Zaps and Micropayments Work on Nostr?

One of the most exciting features of Nostr is its integration with Bitcoin’s Lightning Network. Through this integration, users can send Bitcoin zaps, which are small amounts of Bitcoin transferred instantly over the Lightning Network. Zaps function like “likes” on traditional social media platforms, but with the added benefit of rewarding users with real monetary value.

To send a zap, users link their Nostr profile to a Lightning wallet. Once connected, they can zap others by sending small amounts of Bitcoin, typically for content they enjoy or want to support. These zaps are fast, inexpensive, and work seamlessly within the Nostr ecosystem, making it easy for users to monetize content and interact with Bitcoin in a meaningful way.

Conclusion

Nostr is an exciting protocol that promises to reshape how we think about online communication. Its decentralized, censorship-resistant nature, along with its integration with Bitcoin, creates a platform where users have control over their data and interactions. Whether you’re looking for a more private social media experience or want to explore new ways to integrate Bitcoin into everyday interactions, Nostr is a protocol worth watching. With its growing ecosystem of clients and relays, Nostr might just be the future of decentralized communication.

Nostr is more than just a social network; it represents a shift towards user autonomy, privacy, and decentralized control. By combining cutting-edge technology with a solid ideological foundation, Nostr offers a refreshing alternative to mainstream social platforms. Whether you’re tech-savvy or just curious about new innovations, Nostr is worth exploring. And with various clients making it easily accessible, there’s no reason not to dive in and experience the future of decentralized social networking for yourself!

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

The former seems to have found solid product market fit. Expect significant volume, adoption, and usage going forward.

The latter's future remains to be seen. Dependence on Tor, which has had massive reliability issues, and lack of strong privacy guarantees put it at risk.

— ODELL (@ODELL) October 27, 2022

The Basics

• Lightning is a protocol that enables cheap and fast native bitcoin transactions.
• At the core of the protocol is the ability for bitcoin users to create a payment channel with another user.
• These payment channels enable users to make many bitcoin transactions between each other with only two on-chain bitcoin transactions: the channel open transaction and the channel close transaction.
• Essentially lightning is a protocol for interoperable batched bitcoin transactions.
• It is expected that on chain bitcoin transaction fees will increase with adoption and the ability to easily batch transactions will save users significant money.
• As these lightning transactions are processed, liquidity flows from one side of a channel to the other side, on chain transactions are signed by both parties but not broadcasted to update this balance.
• Lightning is designed to be trust minimized, either party in a payment channel can close the channel at any time and their bitcoin will be settled on chain without trusting the other party.

There is no 'Lightning Network'

• Many people refer to the aggregate of all lightning channels as 'The Lightning Network' but this is a false premise.
• There are many lightning channels between many different users and funds can flow across interconnected channels as long as there is a route through peers.
• If a lightning transaction requires multiple hops it will flow through multiple interconnected channels, adjusting the balance of all channels along the route, and paying lightning transaction fees that are set by each node on the route.

Example: You have a channel with Bob. Bob has a channel with Charlie. You can pay Charlie through your channel with Bob and Bob's channel with User C.

• As a result, it is not guaranteed that every lightning user can pay every other lightning user, they must have a route of interconnected channels between sender and receiver.

Lightning in Practice

• Lightning has already found product market fit and usage as an interconnected payment protocol between large professional custodians.
• They are able to easily manage channels and liquidity between each other without trust using this interoperable protocol.
• Lightning payments between large custodians are fast and easy. End users do not have to run their own node or manage their channels and liquidity. These payments rarely fail due to professional management of custodial nodes.
• The tradeoff is one inherent to custodians and other trusted third parties. Custodial wallets can steal funds and compromise user privacy.

Sovereign Lightning

• Trusted third parties are security holes.
• Users must run their own node and manage their own channels in order to use lightning without trusting a third party. This remains the single largest friction point for sovereign lightning usage: the mental burden of actively running a lightning node and associated liquidity management.
• Bitcoin development prioritizes node accessibility so cost to self host your own node is low but if a node is run at home or office, Tor or a VPN is recommended to mask your IP address: otherwise it is visible to the entire network and represents a privacy risk.
• This privacy risk is heightened due to the potential for certain governments to go after sovereign lightning users and compel them to shutdown their nodes. If their IP Address is exposed they are easier to target.
• Fortunately the tools to run and manage nodes continue to get easier but it is important to understand that this will always be a friction point when compared to custodial services.

The Potential Fracture of Lightning

• Any lightning user can choose which users are allowed to open channels with them.
• One potential is that professional custodians only peer with other professional custodians.
• We already see nodes like those run by CashApp only have channels open with other regulated counterparties. This could be due to performance goals, liability reduction, or regulatory pressure.

• Fortunately some of their peers are connected to non-regulated parties so payments to and from sovereign lightning users are still successfully processed by CashApp but this may not always be the case going forward.

Summary

• Many people refer to the aggregate of all lightning channels as 'The Lightning Network' but this is a false premise. There is no singular 'Lightning Network' but rather many payment channels between distinct peers, some connected with each other and some not.
• Lightning as an interoperable payment protocol between professional custodians seems to have found solid product market fit. Expect significant volume, adoption, and usage going forward.
• Lightning as a robust sovereign payment protocol has yet to be battle tested. Heavy reliance on Tor, which has had massive reliability issues, the friction of active liquidity management, significant on chain fee burden for small amounts, interactivity constraints on mobile, and lack of strong privacy guarantees put it at risk.

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If you have never used lightning before, use this guide to get started on your phone.

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If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

What is KYC/AML?

• The acronym stands for Know Your Customer / Anti Money Laundering.
• In practice it stands for the surveillance measures companies are often compelled to take against their customers by financial regulators.
• Methods differ but often include: Passport Scans, Driver License Uploads, Social Security Numbers, Home Address, Phone Number, Face Scans.
• Bitcoin companies will also store all withdrawal and deposit addresses which can then be used to track bitcoin transactions on the bitcoin block chain.
• This data is then stored and shared. Regulations often require companies to hold this information for a set number of years but in practice users should assume this data will be held indefinitely. Data is often stored insecurely, which results in frequent hacks and leaks.  
• KYC/AML data collection puts all honest users at risk of theft, extortion, and persecution while being ineffective at stopping crime. Criminals often use counterfeit, bought, or stolen credentials to get around the requirements. Criminals can buy "verified" accounts for as little as $200. Furthermore, billions of people are excluded from financial services as a result of KYC/AML requirements.

During the early days of bitcoin most services did not require this sensitive user data, but as adoption increased so did the surveillance measures. At this point, most large bitcoin companies are collecting and storing massive lists of bitcoiners, our sensitive personal information, and our transaction history.

Lists of Bitcoiners

KYC/AML policies are a direct attack on bitcoiners. Lists of bitcoiners and our transaction history will inevitably be used against us.

Once you are on a list with your bitcoin transaction history that record will always exist. Generally speaking, tracking bitcoin is based on probability analysis of ownership change. Surveillance firms use various heuristics to determine if you are sending bitcoin to yourself or if ownership is actually changing hands.  You can obtain better privacy going forward by using collaborative transactions such as coinjoin to break this probability analysis.

Fortunately, you can buy bitcoin without providing intimate personal information. Tools such as peach, hodlhodl, robosats, azteco and bisq help; mining is also a solid option: anyone can plug a miner into power and internet and earn bitcoin by mining privately.

You can also earn bitcoin by providing goods and/or services that can be purchased with bitcoin. Long term, circular economies will mitigate this threat: most people will not buy bitcoin - they will earn bitcoin - most people will not sell bitcoin - they will spend bitcoin.

There is no such thing as KYC or No KYC bitcoin, there are bitcoiners on lists and those that are not on lists.

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If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ a53364ff:e6ba5513

So you want to Run Bitcoin…

1. Knots helps you exercise your self sovereignty verification muscle, instead of conforming to the TrustMeBro defaults of core. Thus, you are more prepared to actively defend Bitcoin in case of hardfork-softfork or other shenanigan’s.

2. Knots is more feature rich and useful than core, allowing end users to finely tune their nodes mempool policy to reject spam transactions from their own mempools, through such bitcoin.conf settings as: rejectparasites=1 , datacarrier=0, permitbaremultisig=0

3. Running a Underdog Bitcoin Client makes the Bitcoin network more robust as a whole. Supporting an ecosystem of multiple compatible clients running in tandem. Running knots makes Bitcoin, the network more robust, and makes the bitcoin development ecosystem richer. Knots is a backup-option in case core becomes obviously compromised. For decentralization, do we really want only a single implementation, with all our eggs in one basket with just bitcoin core? No.

4. Knots makes it so that you’re not using your node’s computing resources to hold and process spam shitcoin transactions and you have better control over what transactions you prioritize processing.” — Thus you can save your mempool resources from being abused by bad actors with Knots, but not with core, unfortunately. Core doesn’t believe in giving their end users too much choice. This has long been their attitude: to dictate down and deny non-consensus violating choice to end users.

5. Thus running Knots is a counter movement to the unfortunate attitude in core that has willfully neglected a core subset of it’s users who care about spam filters. Running Knots is not just a technical improvement in running Bitcoin. It’s a political statement in the Bitcoin development ecosystem.

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

The boardroom buzzed with tension.

Nana sat at the far end, her fingers clenched beneath the table. She had always been the quiet observer, the one who scribbled notes and nodded when spoken to. But today, something gnawed at her, the whisper of conscience growing louder.

Across the table, Mr. Johnson, the CEO, slammed a folder down. "We're pushing this contract through. No questions."

Nana knew what was in that contract. Unethical outsourcing. Workers with no protection. Children in some cases. She had seen the hidden memo.

Everyone else stayed silent.

Her heart pounded. “Sir,” she began softly. No one looked at her.

“I believe this contract violates our ethics code.”

The room froze.

Johnson turned, eyebrows raised. “Excuse me?”

Nana’s voice steadied. “There’s a report attached. Page seventeen. I think you overlooked it.”

He opened the file. His face twitched. “You went through private memos?”

“No, sir. It was attached accidentally to the draft.”

Gasps echoed. For a moment, she regretted everything. Then came a voice.

“She’s right,” said Daniel from HR. “We missed it.”

Another joined. “We can’t approve this.”

Within minutes, the momentum shifted. The contract was suspended.

After the meeting, Daniel approached her.

“You just saved the company’s integrity.”

Nana smiled faintly. Her hands still shook, but her silence had finally been broken for the right reason.

Moral: Sometimes the smallest voice becomes the loudest truth when spoken at the right moment.

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

Rain lashed against the window panes of the old mansion as Jennifer stepped inside, flashlight in hand.

“Are you really doing this alone?” her friend Helen had asked that afternoon.

“I have to. It's my family’s house now,” Jennifer had replied. “And I need to know what really happened here.”

It had been ten years since her uncle, Dr. Johnson, a reclusive neuroscientist, vanished without a trace. His home, sealed ever since, was finally turned over to Jennifer after a lengthy legal battle.

She wandered through dark hallways filled with dust-covered furniture and half-finished journals. The air was thick with memories and secrets.

Then she found the door.

It was heavy, steel, and padlocked three times over. Scratched into the wood was a phrase:

“Do not open until the voices stop.”

Jennifer’s heart thumped. She pulled out the key ring the lawyer had given her and, one by one, undid the locks.

The hinges groaned as the door creaked open.

The room was pitch black, except for a single desk lamp. She stepped inside and found rows of voice recorders, wires, and scribbled notes all over the walls. A mirror hung directly across from the desk with strange cracks running across its surface each marked with names. One of them was hers.

Suddenly, a recorder clicked on by itself.

“If you’re hearing this… it means I’m likely gone,” her uncle’s voice rasped. “The voices they’re not in our heads. They live behind the reflections.”

Jennifer turned to the mirror.

Her reflection didn’t move.

Then… it blinked.

She froze.

“You should have never come here.”

The voice wasn’t from the recorder, it came from behind her.

She turned.

No one.

The door slammed shut.

The reflection began to grin as its mouth moved silently. The air grew colder.

Jennifer lunged for the desk, flipping through the notes. One said:

The mirror listens. But it also traps. I tried to destroy it. It fought back. I trapped it in here. Don't speak to it.

The reflection whispered:

“Jennifer… would you like to know where he went?”

She stepped closer.

“He begged me to let him out… just like you will.”

With trembling hands, she took a hammer from the drawer.

The reflection laughed.

“You wouldn’t dare.”

She raised the hammer high and swung.

The mirror shattered.

A blinding flash filled the room.

Then silence.

When Jennifer awoke, it was morning. The door was wide open. The room was empty. The mirror was gone, no glass, no shards, no reflection. Just sunlight.

She walked out.

As she locked the mansion door behind her, she whispered:

“Some doors are meant to be opened… but only once.”

Moral/Theme:

The truth may be terrifying, but denying it gives fear more power than it deserves.

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

Why are Stripe Alternatives are growing like mushrooms? When it comes to online payment processing, Stripe has long dominated the conversation.

However, with its complex pricing structure, strict policies and first-world focus, many entrepreneurs and companies are actively seeking viable Stripe alternatives.

Whether you’re a SaaS startup, e-commerce store, or global enterprise, choosing the right payment processor can significantly impact your bottom line and customer experience.

Table of Contents

• Why Consider Stripe Alternatives?
• The Complete List of Stripe Alternatives
• Additional Notable Mentions
• How to Choose the Right Stripe Alternative
• Conclusion

Why Consider Stripe Alternatives?

Before diving into our comprehensive list, it’s worth understanding why businesses are exploring alternatives to Stripe. While Stripe offers robust features and excellent developer tools, some businesses face challenges with pricing transparency, limited global coverage, or specific industry requirements that Stripe doesn’t fully address.

The Complete List of Stripe Alternatives

Based on extensive research and analysis of the payment processing landscape, here are 27 proven Stripe alternatives that could be the perfect fit for your business:

1. Flash – Easiest Bitcoin Payment Solution

Flash is the easiest Bitcoin payment gateway for businesses to accept payments. Supporting both digital and physical enterprises, Flash leverages the Lightning Network to enable fast, low-cost Bitcoin transactions. Launched in its 2.0 version in March 2025, Flash is at the forefront of driving Bitcoin adoption in e-commerce.

2. Lemon Squeezy – The SaaS-Focused Alternative

Dubbed as “acq’d by Stripe,” Lemon Squeezy offers a comprehensive solution specifically designed for digital product sales and SaaS businesses. It provides strong customer support, built-in analytics, and handles payments, subscriptions, global tax compliance, and fraud prevention in one platform.

3. Gumroad – Creator Economy Champion

Gumroad has carved out a niche serving creators and small businesses by providing tools for selling digital products, physical goods, and subscriptions. It’s particularly popular among content creators, artists, and independent entrepreneurs who want to experiment with various ideas and formats. They also open-sourced their code which is quite the ‘chad-move’.

4. Paddle – All-in-One SaaS Commerce

Paddle caters to SaaS and software companies by offering a comprehensive platform with billing, licensing, and global tax handling capabilities. It’s designed to be a complete solution for subscription-based businesses, handling payments, tax, and subscription management in one platform.

5. FastSpring – Global E-commerce Specialist

FastSpring specializes in e-commerce solutions for software and SaaS companies, with a focus on global payments and subscription management. According to TechnologyAdvice, it’s particularly strong for international transactions and helps companies sell more, stay lean, and compete big.

6. 2Checkout – Versatile Payment Solutions

2Checkout (now part of Verifone) offers versatile payment solutions excelling in global payments, subscription billing, and digital commerce. One of the best stripe alternatives as it’s an all-in-one monetization platform that maximizes revenues and makes global online sales easier, supporting over 200 countries and territories.

7. Payoneer – Cross-Border Payment Expert

Payoneer simplifies cross-border payment solutions, offering local payment ease globally with a focus on market expansion and multi-currency support. It’s trusted by small to medium-sized businesses for global payment solutions and international money transfers.

8. Chargebee – Subscription Management Leader

Chargebee is a subscription management platform perfect for SaaS and SMBs, with robust billing and revenue management features. If you were looking for stripe alternatives to setup subscriptions, Chargebee might be right for you. It streamlines revenue operations and helps businesses grow efficiently with comprehensive subscription billing capabilities.

9. Maxio (formerly Chargify) – B2B SaaS Billing

Maxio offers a robust platform for B2B SaaS billing and financial operations, focusing on growth and efficiency for subscription businesses. It’s the most complete financial operations platform for B2B SaaS, bringing core financial operations into one platform.

10. Recurly – Dynamic Subscription Management

Recurly offers dynamic subscription management platform, excelling in churn management and data insights for subscription growth. It’s the only proven platform that expands and protects your recurring revenue with subscription management, recurring billing, and payments orchestration.

11. Braintree – PayPal’s Enterprise Solution

Braintree (by PayPal) provides a versatile global payments platform, integrating multiple payment methods with a focus on conversion and security. It delivers end-to-end checkout experiences for businesses, offering single-touch payments and mobile optimization.

12. PayKickstart – Modern Commerce Platform

PayKickstart offers a modern commerce platform for online billing and affiliates, focusing on revenue maximization and churn minimization. It’s the most complete checkout, recurring billing, affiliate management, and retention solution with global capabilities.

13. PayPro Global – Full-Service E-commerce

PayPro Global offers a full-service eCommerce solution for selling software and SaaS, focusing on global payments, tax compliance, and customer support. It provides flexible solutions with over 70 payment methods and great support for software companies.

14. Shopify Payments – E-commerce Integration

Integrated with Shopify, this service is ideal for SMBs in eCommerce, offering a seamless shopping cart and payment experience. It’s the simplest way to accept online payments, automatically set up for major methods with no fees for some payment types.

15. Square – Versatile POS and Payment Solutions

Square provides versatile POS and payment solutions for small businesses with a strong focus on retail and mobile payments. Forbes Advisor notes it as one of the top alternatives for businesses needing both online and offline payment capabilities.

16. Zoho Billing – Integrated Business Solution

Zoho Billing is an online recurring billing and subscription management solution, ideal for small and medium-sized businesses seeking professional invoice creation, time and expense tracking, and improved cash flow management. Zoho isn’t just competing for stripe alternatives, they offer a ton of other products and services.

17. WePay – Chase Company Integration

WePay, a Chase company, provides integrated payment solutions for ISVs and SaaS companies with customizable payment solutions. It’s designed for platforms like marketplaces and small business tools, offering seamless user experience and fraud protection.

18. QuickBooks Payments – SMB Accounting Integration

This service provides seamless accounting and payment solutions for SMBs and SaaS businesses, featuring real-time tracking and automated bookkeeping. It lets small businesses accept payments online from anywhere with easy integration into QuickBooks accounting.

19. Mangopay – Marketplace Payment Infrastructure

Mangopay offers a modular payment infrastructure for marketplaces and platforms, emphasizing flexibility, global payouts, and AI-powered anti-fraud. It uses flexible wallets built to orchestrate fund flows and monetize payment experiences.

20. Coinbase Commerce – Cryptocurrency Payments

Coinbase Commerce enables businesses to accept payments from around the world using cryptocurrency. It offers instant settlement, low fees, and broad asset support, making it easy for merchants to accept digital currency payments globally.

21. BTCPay Server – Open-Source Bitcoin Processor

BTCPay Server is a self-hosted, open-source cryptocurrency payment processor with 0% fees and no third-party involvement. It’s secure, private, censorship-resistant, and completely free for businesses wanting full control over their Bitcoin payments.

22. Lago – Open-Source Billing Alternative

Lago is an open-source alternative to Stripe Billing and Chargebee, specializing in billing and metering in one place for usage-b

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

The newly proposed RESTRICT ACT - is being advertised as a TikTok Ban, but is much broader than that, carries a $1M Fine and up to 20 years in prison️! It is unconstitutional and would create massive legal restrictions on the open source movement and free speech throughout the internet.

The Bill was proposed by: Senator Warner, Senator Thune, Senator Baldwin, Senator Fischer, Senator Manchin, Senator Moran, Senator Bennet, Senator Sullivan, Senator Gillibrand, Senator Collins, Senator Heinrich, and Senator Romney. It has broad support across Senators of both parties.

Corrupt politicians will not protect us. They are part of the problem. We must build, support, and learn how to use censorship resistant tools in order to defend our natural rights.

The RESTRICT Act, introduced by Senators Warner and Thune, aims to block or disrupt transactions and financial holdings involving foreign adversaries that pose risks to national security. Although the primary targets of this legislation are companies like Tik-Tok, the language of the bill could potentially be used to block or disrupt cryptocurrency transactions and, in extreme cases, block Americans’ access to open source tools or protocols like Bitcoin.

The Act creates a redundant regime paralleling OFAC without clear justification, it significantly limits the ability for injured parties to challenge actions raising due process concerns, and unlike OFAC it lacks any carve-out for protected speech. COINCENTER ON THE RESTRICT ACT

Full Text of Bill

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If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 5ea46480:450da5bd

When considering the concept of "smart clients and dumb relays," it is crucial to clearly define what "smart" and "dumb" represent in this context. The term "dumb" does not imply that relays lack control, complexity, or sophisticated policies regarding storage and distribution. Relays actively select what information to store, how long they store it, and under what conditions they provide access. Their decisions may differ significantly, allowing specialization that enriches the ecosystem.

Instead, the "dumb" attribute specifically describes the simplicity and universality of queries that relays support. Dumb relays provide a standardized interface rather than specialized queries serving individual client needs. This simplicity ensures interoperability; a client can interact with any relay without compatibility issues. The client side is "smart," equipped with all the logic necessary for determining what data to request, where to find it, how to interpret and present it. The client is responsible for the complexity and specificity of interactions.

This paradigm achieves clear separation; relays generalize data delivery, while clients handle intelligent interpretation and functionality. As a result, users remain free to switch between different clients, confident that basic connections remain intact across a diverse relay landscape. Differences in relay behavior—such as acceptance criteria or data availability—do not compromise this fundamental interoperability. Rather, its the interoperability that allows relays freedom from any obligation to represent a global network viewpoint.

Therefore, maintaining a simple relay query interface preserves interoperability, encourages client diversity, and allows relays to specialize according to their own preferences and policies. This setup captures the complementary principles behind smart clients and dumb relays.

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

The wind howled outside like a warning. Rain splashed against the windows of the old countryside mansion as Susan stepped in, clutching her soaked coat.

"Are you sure about this place?" her younger brother, James, asked, eyeing the cobwebbed chandelier.

"It belonged to our grandmother. We have to clear it out before it’s sold," Susan replied, though her voice lacked confidence.

They hadn’t visited the estate in over ten years. Not since their grandmother’s mysterious disappearance.

As they explored, they reached a narrow hallway that ended at a crooked staircase descending into the basement.

"Nope," James said, stepping back. "I’m not going down there."

"Don't be ridiculous." Susan forced a smile. "It’s just a basement."

But as she pulled the chain to light the way, the bulb flickered and a whisper rode the cold draft:

“Susan...”

She froze. "Did you hear that?"

"What?" James asked, already halfway back toward the kitchen.

"My name. Someone said my name."

James laughed nervously. "It’s an old house. It creaks."

But Susan wasn’t convinced. She took a breath and stepped down the stairs, one creaking step at a time.

The basement was filled with antiques, trunks, and one large wardrobe. She walked toward it, and the whisper came again louder.

"Susan... don’t forget."

She yanked open the wardrobe and gasped.

Inside was a broken mirror, its cracks forming a spider web of reflections. Taped to the mirror was a faded photo: her grandmother standing in front of this very mirror looking terrified.

Behind the photo, a small note was pinned.

If you found this, it means I failed to stop him. The man under the stairs is not a man at all. Don't trust the whisper. It's how he gets in. Burn the wardrobe. Don't look in the mirror.

"James!" she screamed, panic rising. "Get down here now!"

"What's going on?" he shouted as he clattered down.

She showed him the note.

He read it and chuckled. "Come on, this is... old people paranoia."

The mirror’s surface shimmered. Susan stepped back.

James tilted his head. "It’s just a mir"

A hand shot out from the reflection and gripped his wrist.

He screamed.

"Get it off me!"

Susan grabbed a rusted poker from the floor and struck the mirror. It cracked further but the hand tightened.

James’s eyes turned glassy. He whispered:

“Don’t forget… like she did.”

Susan’s heart pounded. She turned, grabbed a bottle of lighter fluid from a shelf, and doused the wardrobe.

"I’m sorry." She struck a match.

The fire consumed the wood fast, the mirror howling like an animal. James collapsed.

When he opened his eyes, he gasped for air.

"What… what just happened?"

James held him close. "We’re leaving. Now."

They ran from the house. Behind them, the mansion glowed in eerie orange as the basement burned away the secrets.

Moral:

Silence doesn’t kill secrets. It feeds them.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

Bank run on every crypto bank then bank run on every "real" bank.

— ODELL (@ODELL) December 14, 2022

Good morning.

It looks like PacWest will fail today. It will be both the fifth largest bank failure in US history and the sixth major bank to fail this year. It will likely get purchased by one of the big four banks in a government orchestrated sale.  

March 8th - Silvergate Bank
March 10th - Silicon Valley Bank
March 12th - Signature Bank
March 19th - Credit Suisse
May 1st - First Republic Bank
May 4th - PacWest Bank?

PacWest is the first of many small regional banks that will go under this year. Most will get bought by the big four in gov orchestrated sales. This has been the playbook since 2008. Follow the incentives. Massive consolidation across the banking industry. PacWest gonna be a drop in the bucket compared to what comes next.

First, a hastened government led bank consolidation, then a public/private partnership with the remaining large banks to launch a surveilled and controlled digital currency network. We will be told it is more convenient. We will be told it is safer. We will be told it will prevent future bank runs. All of that is marketing bullshit. The goal is greater control of money. The ability to choose how we spend it and how we save it. If you control the money - you control the people that use it.

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If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 9dd283b1:cf9b6beb

Question is inspired by this post - https://stacker.news/items/1008610/r/Catcher

If you follow the link in the post and check the fund contributors along with their local currencies, you’ll notice something interesting:

1 unit of account in Bitcoin is actually worth more than 1 unit of account in the local currency. That makes sending 1 sat feel like it’s not a diminishingly small amount anymore, or it doesn't make any difference cause 1 SAT = 1 SAT? 😊

https://stacker.news/items/1009186

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The banking giant is exploring an expansion of its blockchain services, focusing on digital payments and currencies.

JPMorgan Chase has filed a new trademark application for the name “JPMD.” The filing was submitted on June 15 to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

The application, filed by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., covers a broad range of services related to digital assets and blockchain technology. These include the issuance of digital currencies, electronic payment processing, and financial custody services — all of which suggest a possible new stablecoin initiative for JPMorgan.

Experience with JPM Coin

This move wouldn’t be JPMorgan’s first foray into blockchain-based finance. The bank already operates JPM Coin, a dollar-pegged stablecoin used to enable instant transactions between institutional clients. The token runs on Quorum, a private blockchain network developed in-house by JPMorgan and based on Ethereum’s technology.

The registration of the JPMD trademark comes as JPMorgan and other major U.S. banks are considering a collaborative stablecoin project through their jointly owned entities: Early Warning Services and The Clearing House.

Similarly, corporations like Walmart and Amazon are mulling the creation of their own stablecoins.

The post JPMorgan files trademark for ‘JPMD’: a new stablecoin on the horizon for the American bank appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

Autor: Mathias Bröckers. Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben und erschien zuerst auf dem Blog des Autors. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier.**

Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie in unserem Telegram-Kanal.

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Die neuesten Artikel der Friedenstaube gibt es jetzt auch im eigenen Friedenstaube-Telegram-Kanal.

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Im September 2001 fiel dem gerade pensionierten Vier-Sterne-General Wesley Clark, der bis 2000 die NATO-Streitkräfte in Europa befehligt hatte, der Unterkiefer nach unten, als er kurz nach den Anschlägen das Pentagon besuchte und ein alter Kollege aus dem »Joint Chiefs Of Staff« ihn in sein Zimmer zog:

»Ich habe gerade diesen Merkzettel aus dem Büro des Verteidigungsministers bekommen, und hier steht, wir werden sieben Länder angreifen und deren Regierungen innerhalb von fünf Jahren stürzen. Wir werden mit dem Irak beginnen und dann nehmen wir uns Syrien, Libanon, Libyen, Somalia, den Sudan und den Iran vor, sieben Länder in fünf Jahren.«

Dass der ehrgeizige Zeitplan durchaus ins Stocken geraten könnte, hatte Bushs Vize Dick Cheney mit seiner Ankündigung klar gemacht, dass „dieser Krieg länger als eine Generation dauern wird“. 9/11 hatte dem neo-konservativen „Project New American Century“ (PNAC) das „katalysierende Ereignis“ geliefert, das dieser Think-Tank mit vielen Mitgliedern der Bush-Regierung 1999 als erforderlich angesehen hatte, um massive militärische Aufrüstung für eine globale „Full Spectrum Dominance“ durchzusetzen.

Nach dem Abhandenkommen des Großfeinds Sowjetunion drohten dem militärisch-industriellen Komplex erhebliche Umsatzeinbußen, die ohne eine neue Großbedrohung nicht wettzumachen waren. Bushs massive Aufrüstung bis 2009 wurde dann von seinen Nachfolgern noch einmal verdoppelt. Diese Anstrengungen im sogenannten „War On Terror“ haben seitdem Millionen Menschen das Leben gekostet oder in die Flucht getrieben und zahlreiche Länder verwüstet. Mit der Bombardierung des Iran am Wochenende nun wurde das “Sahnehäubchen” in diesem Eroberungsplan des US-Imperiums in Angriff genommen.

Dabei werden wie im Krieg gegen Irak angebliche “Massenvernichtungswaffen” als Begründung propagiert, die freilich in Teheran genauso wenig vorhanden sind wie 2002/2003 in Bagdad. Was Englands Tony Blair seinerzeit aber nicht von der Behauptung abhielt, sie könnten “in 45 Minuten” London erreichen und Europa erfolgreich  zur Unterstützung des Kriegs zu treiben. So wie Israels Netanyahu und die US-Neocons seit 30 Jahren erzählen, dass iranische Atomwaffen in 3 Jahren…/3 Monaten/…3 Tagen einsatzbereit wären und man das Land deshalb “präventiv” angreifen müsse. Dazu schreibt der Nahost-Korrespondent und Pulitzer-Preisträger  Chris Hedges :

"Warum also in den Krieg mit dem Iran ziehen? Warum aus einem Atomabkommen aussteigen, gegen das der Iran nicht verstoßen hat? Warum eine Regierung dämonisieren, die der Todfeind der Taliban ist, zusammen mit anderen Takfiri-Gruppen, einschließlich Al-Qaida und Islamischer Staat in der Levante (ISIL)? Warum eine Region weiter destabilisieren, die bereits gefährlich instabil ist?Die Generäle, Politiker, Geheimdienste, Neocons, Waffenhersteller, so genannten Experten, prominenten Experten und israelischen Lobbyisten wollen nicht die Schuld für zwei Jahrzehnte militärischer Fiaskos auf sich nehmen. Sie brauchen einen Sündenbock. Das ist der Iran.

Die demütigenden Niederlagen in Afghanistan und im Irak, die gescheiterten Staaten Syrien und Libyen, die Ausbreitung extremistischer Gruppen und Milizen, von denen viele ursprünglich von den USA ausgebildet und bewaffnet wurden, sowie die anhaltenden weltweiten Terroranschläge, müssen die Schuld eines anderen sein.Das Chaos und die Instabilität, die wir vor allem im Irak und in Afghanistan ausgelöst haben, haben dazu geführt, dass der Iran das dominierende Land in der Region ist. Washington hat seinen Erzfeind gestärkt. Es hat keine Ahnung, wie es das rückgängig machen kann, außer es anzugreifen.

Das Völkerrecht und die Rechte von fast 90 Millionen Menschen im Iran werden ignoriert, genauso wie die Rechte der Menschen in Afghanistan, Irak, Libyen, Jemen und Syrien ignoriert wurden. Die Iraner sehen die Vereinigten Staaten nicht als Verbündete oder Befreier an, egal was sie von ihrer Führung halten. Sie wollen nicht angegriffen oder besetzt werden. Sie werden Widerstand leisten. Und die USA und Israel werden dafür bezahlen."

Der Zahltag ist schon gekommen, die ersten Wohngebiete in Tel Aviv  sehen  bereits aus wie in Gaza, auch in vielen anderen Städten schlugen Raketen ein, der  viel gepriesene “Iron Dome”, Israels Luftabwehrschild, ist ein Papiertiger und gegen die iranischen Raketen weitgehend machtlos, wie der Einschlag von zwei hypersonischen Raketen in einem Kraftwerk in Haifa zeigt. Die am Freitag vermutlich per Sabotage ausgeschaltete iranische Luftabwehr war nach 8 Stunden wieder in Takt und meldete den Abschuss von mittlerweile drei israelischen F-35-Jets. Über Teheran war es in der Nacht zum Montag weitgehend ruhig, während es in Israel überall Drohnen und Bomben hagelte und der iranische Revolutionsrat mitteilte, dass diese Angriffe unvermindert weitergehen werden. Da der Iran über 20.000 Cruise Missiles verfügt ist das keine leere Drohung. Auch wenn Israel mit seinem unprovozierten Angriff weiterhin großen Schaden im Iran anrichten kann, sind die Gegenschläge weitaus effektiver, denn der Iran ist fast so groß wie ganz West-Europa, Israel inklusive der besetzten Gebiete hingegen kaum größer als Hessen. Und so geht der große zionistische Jammer schon nach drei Tagen los, fliegender Kostümwechsel vom Täter zum Opfer, vom Völkermörder zum Unschuldslamm, nach bewährter Dramaturgie: “There`s No Business Like Shoa-Business”.\ \ Wie weit sich Donald Trump weiter in das Drama hineinziehen lässt, ist im Moment noch unklar. Aktuell könnte er sich noch mit der Ausrede “Ich habe Bibi davor gewarnt anzugreifen, aber er wollte nicht hören” aus der Affäre ziehen, wenn aber jetzt US-Flugzeugträger und NATO-Tankflugzeuge anrücken, um Israels Angriffskrieg zu unterstützen, ist es sein Krieg. Und der zweite, den er militärisch nicht gewinnen kann. Die tapferen Houthis im Jemen konnten die USS “Eisenhower” mit ihren Drohnen nur aus dem Roten Meer verjagen, die iranische “Fattah-2” indessen könnte solch ein Dickschiff mit einem Schlag versenken. Und dann?

USA und NATOstan haben keine zwei Millionen Truppen für eine Invasion des Iran parat und Israel kann seine “Samson-Option” – einen Nuklearschlag – nur um dem Preis des eigenen Untergangs wählen, denn Pakistan hat für diesen Fall bereits zugesichert, dem iranischen Nachbarn mit einem nuklearen Gegenschlag beizustehen. Also bleibt nur, einen regime change mit Raketen auf die Zivilbevölkerung Teherans herbei zu bomben – wie in Beirut versucht, allerdings  mit dem Unterschied, dass man es aufgrund der iranischen Verteidigungs-und Angriffsfähigkeit mit einem Gegner auf Augenhöhe zu tun hat, der zudem mit Russland und China zwei Supermächte im Rücken hat. Und einem Abnutzungskrieg weitaus gelassener entgegensehen kann als Israel, das weiter auf Teheran feuert und weiter von iranischen Raketen getroffen wird.

https://x.com/jacksonhinklle/status/1934355463920873736

Kann Trump wie gegen Russland “bis zum letzten Ukrainer” nun im nächsten Proxy-Krieg bis zum letzten Israeli kämpfen lassen, ohne aktiv einzugreifen? Oder hat er die vor der Pensionierung stehende USS Nimitz Richtung Israel geschickt, um sie als  Protagonisten für ein neues Pearl Harbor zum Abschuss freizugeben – durch Israel für eine “false flag”? – und dann TV-gerecht in einen “full blown war” gegen ein “Terrorregime”  mit “Massenvernichtungswaffen” einzusteigen?\ Wo Psychopathen agieren, wie der fanatische Führer eines Schurkenstaats und der schizoide “Heute Will Ich Frieden/Morgen Will Ich Krieg”-Rumpelstilzchen-Herrscher eines niedergehenden Imperiums, sind rationale Prognosen schwierig. Iran scheint, ähnlich wie Russland, auf die Provokation nicht mit einem Donnerschlag zu reagieren, sondern mit fortgesetzten Nadelstichen auf Demilitarisierung des Gegners zu setzen – denn es ist nur eine Frage von Tagen oder Wochen, bis diesem die Abwehrraketen ausgehen. Was Netanjahu heute den Bürgern Teherans empfahl – sich gegen ihre Regierung zu erheben – wird ihm dann eher selbst geschehen, und auch Trump kann einen weiteren ungewinnbaren Krieg politisch nicht überleben.

Das Jahrtausende alte persische Reich gilt historisch als Friedhof der Imperien, seit Alexander dem Großen haben sich alle Kolonisatoren die Zähne daran ausgebissen, das Volk der Perser zu unterwerfen. Zuletzt hatte es das anglo-amerikanische Imperium 1953 versucht, als man den demokratischen Präsidenten durch den Marionetten-Diktator Reza Pahlevi ersetzte, der aber 1979 (samt BP, Chevron & Co.) von der islamischen Revolution wieder verjagt wurde. Seit damit der  Ölreichtum des Landes wieder der Bevölkerung zu Gute kommt stehen die politischen und religiösen Führer ganz oben auf den Abschusslisten von CIA, MI6 und Mossad, Regime change im Iran ist seit 30 Jahren der feuchte Traum der US-Neocons, von denen einige wie “The Onion” meldet, nach Israels Überraschungsangriff wegen Dauererrektion im Krankenhaus behandelt werden mussten. Wenn der wahnsinnige Traum aber mit der Realität kollidiert und eskaliert – mit einem Hiroshima hoch x im Mittleren Osten – wird Persien einmal mehr zum Friedhof für imperiale Eroberer.

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DIE FRIEDENSTAUBE FLIEGT AUCH IN IHR POSTFACH!

Hier können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt, vorerst für alle kostenfrei, wir starten gänzlich ohne Paywall. (Die Bezahlabos fangen erst zu laufen an, wenn ein Monetarisierungskonzept für die Inhalte steht). Sie wollen der Genossenschaft beitreten oder uns unterstützen? Mehr Infos hier oder am Ende des Textes.

Sie schreiben und haben etwas zum Frieden zu sagen? Melden Sie sich gerne: friedenstaube@pareto.space

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Der “Shock & Awe”-Überaschungsangriff Israels hat nicht dazu geführt, dass die Iraner gegen ihre Regierung aufstehen oder gar den im Exil lebenden Sohn des Ex-Diktators Pahlevi als Marionette zurück wünschen, sondern im Gegenteil zu allgemeiner Unterstützung der Bevölkerung; geschockt und erschrocken sind dagegen die Israelis über die permanent einschlagenden Raketen. Bei den ersten Gegenschlägen hatte der Iran noch eher altes Material zum Einsatz gebracht, von dem ein großer Teil von der Luftverteidigung abgefangen werden konnte, am Dienstag aber schlugen bereits 5 Raketen in Tel Aviv ein, am helllichten Tag, auch das Mossad Hauptquartier scheint getroffen worden zu sein.

Und was empfiehlt der Schizo-Commander in Chief? Teheran (12 Mio. Einwohner) evakuieren! Denn: “Iran cannot have a nuclear weapon!” Dass Iran solche Waffen gar nicht hat und auch nicht produziert, hatte Geheimdienstdirektorin Tulsi Gabbard zuletzt Ende März bekannt gegeben, was Generalisimo Donald jetzt aber vergessen hat und zusammen mit Herodes 2.0 aka “Bibi Satanjahu” im Heiligen Land auf dem Highway To Hell durchstartet…

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Mathias Bröckers, Jahrgang 1954, ist Autor und freier Journalist. Er gehörte zur Gründergeneration der taz, war dort bis 1991 Kultur- und Wissenschaftsredakteur und veröffentlichte seit 1980 rund 600 Beiträge für verschiedene Tageszeitungen, Wochen- und Monatszeitschriften, vor allem in den Bereichen Kultur, Wissenschaft und Politik. Neben seiner weiteren Tätigkeit als Rundfunkautor veröffentlichte Mathias Bröckers zahlreiche Bücher. Besonders bekannt wurden seine internationalen Bestseller „Die Wiederentdeckung der Nutzpflanze Hanf“ (1993), „Verschwörungen, Verschwörungstheorien und die Geheimnisse des 11.9.“ (2002) und „Wir sind immer die Guten – Ansichten eines Putinverstehers“ (2016, mit Paul Schreyer) sowie "Mythos 9/11 - Die Bilanz eines Jahrhundertverbrechens" (2021). Mathias Bröckers lebt in Berlin und Zürich und bloggt auf broeckers.com.

Sein aktuelles Buch "Inspiration, Konspiration, Evolution – Gesammelte Essays und Berichte aus dem Überall" – hier im Handel.

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@ 93bfc86d:fc8e91f5

라이트닝 네트워크

풀 노드가 비트코인 네트워크의 분산화 속성을 강화한다면 온-체인 위에 올려질 다중 레이어들은 비트코인의 확장성을 강화한다. 이러한 제2레이어에는 대표적으로 라이트닝 네트워크가 있다.

라이트닝 네트워크 백서는 조셉 푼Joseph Poon과 타데우스 드리야Thaddeus Dryja가 공동 저술했으며, 2016년 1월 14일에 처음 공개되었다. 라이트닝 네트워크 백서의 제목은 「비트코인 라이트닝 네트워크: 확장 가능한 오프-체인 즉시 결제」이다.

라이트닝 네트워크는 백서 이름대로 현재까지 비트코인의 확장성 강화에 핵심적인 역할을 하고 있다. 라이트닝 네트워크는 채널을 만들고, 유동성을 공급하며, 결제를 중개하는 수많은 자발적인 라이트닝 노드가 있기 때문에 작동된다.

단순히 라이트닝 지갑 수탁 서비스—스트라이크, 월렛 오브 사토시, 블링크, 피닉스 등—를 이용하는 것과 직접 라이트닝 노드를 운영하는 것에는 매우 큰 차이가 있다. 수탁 서비스 이용자들은 라이트닝 지갑 기업이 이미 열어놓은 채널을 이용해 결제를 주고받지만 라이트닝 노드 운영자는 직접 채널을 열고 닫으며, 때로는 타인의 결제를 중개하고, 수수료를 직접 설정하며 전체 라이트닝 네트워크의 일부가 된다.

라이트닝 채널의 원리

라이트닝 네트워크의 원리를 이해하려면 먼저 채널이라는 개념을 이해해야 한다. 두 라이트닝 노드가 채널을 열면, 그들은 여러 번의 결제를 오프-체인 상에서 빠르고 저렴하게 주고받을 수 있다. 채널을 열 때는 온-체인 거래를 통해 자금을 예치해야 한다.

만약 앨리스와 밥이 자주 결제를 하는 사이라고 해보자. 둘의 거래를 매번 온-체인에 기록하는 것은 번거로운 일이다. 온-체인 거래는 정산 관점에서는 매우 빠르지만, 결제 관점에서는 느리기 때문이다. 일상적인 소액 결제를 하는데 결제할 때마다 10분 정도를 기다려야 하고, 700 SATS 정도의 수수료를 매번 내야 한다고 생각해 보자. 매우 불편한 일일 것이다. 라이트닝 네트워크에서 채널을 개설할 때만 온-체인에 거래를 기록하고, 이후에 일어나는 자잘한 거래는 온-체인에 기록하지 않고 보관해 두다가 채널을 닫을 때 최종 거래 결과만을 기록하면 매우 저렴하고 빠르게 거래할 수 있다.

채널은 쉽게 말해 ‘공동 금고’라고 생각하면 쉽다. 앨리스와 밥의 공동 금고에 총 20만 SATS가 있고, 앨리스와 밥은 이 금고에서 각각 10만 SATS의 청구권이 있는 상태라고 해보자. 앨리스가 밥의 카페에서 5,000 SATS짜리 커피를 3번 사 마셨다면 앨리스의 최종 청구권은 85,000 SATS로 변하고, 밥의 최종 청구권은 115,000 SATS로 변하는 것이다. 이렇게 거래하면 앨리스와 밥 사이에서 일어났던 수많은 거래가 실행되기 위해 한 번의 최종 거래 결과만을 메인 네트워크에 전송하면 되므로, 1회 거래당 거래 수수료는 매우 저렴해진다. 라이트닝 네트워크는 채널을 개설할 때, 채널을 종료할 때 총 2번만 온-체인에서 수수료를 지불한다.

라이트닝 네트워크의 놀라운 점은 직접 채널을 열지 않은 다른 대상과도 거래가 가능하다는 것이다. 만약 앨리스가 밥과 채널을 개설하고, 밥이 캐롤과 채널을 개설했다고 해보자. 앨리스는 캐롤과 직접적인 채널이 개설되어 있지 않다. 이 상황에서 앨리스가 캐롤에게 돈 10,000 SATS를 보내고 싶다면 어떻게 해야 할까? 앨리스가 밥에게 돈 10,000 SATS를 보내고, 밥이 10,000 SATS를 캐롤에게 보내면 된다. 이러한 거래는 당연히 공동 금고에 있는 금액 청구권으로 하는 것이다. 그리고 앨리스가 캐롤에게 돈을 보내는데 밥이 매개해 줬으므로 앨리스는 밥에게 적정한 수수료를 지급하면 된다. 5 SATS를 수수료로 지급하고 싶다면 밥에게 10,005 SATS를 보내고, 밥은 캐롤에게 10,000 SATS를 보내면 된다. 그러면 앨리스는 거래의 중간 매개자인 밥에게 5 SATS를 보낸 셈이 된다.

밥은 중간 매개 역할을 하면서 수수료를 챙겼다. 이렇게 송금 경로 중 중간에 지나가는 각 노드를 홉hop이라고 부른다. 기존에는 거래의 중개를 누가 맡았는가? 은행과 같은 금융기관이 독점했다. 라이트닝 네트워크는 기존 금융 시스템의 중앙화된 중개자 역할을 개인들에게 분산시킨 혁신적인 모델이다. 누구나 채널을 개설하고 다른 사람들과 거래할 수 있으며, 중개 역할을 하면서 수수료를 받을 수도 있다. 기존에는 중개자가 되기 위해서 거대한 자본이 필요했으며, 정부의 허락을 받아야만 은행업을 할 수 있었다. 기존 은행이 커다란 중앙 금고를 두고 은행 직원들이 모든 거래를 처리하고 기록했다면, 라이트닝 네트워크는 개인들이 서로 작은 금고를 만들어 거래하고 필요한 경우 중간 경로를 통해 서로 연결되는 방식이다. 이는 은행의 권한이 개인들에게 분산된 것과 같다.

참고로 앨리스나 캐롤은 중개자인 밥을 신뢰할 필요는 없다. 밥이 앨리스에게서 확실히 돈을 받으려면 캐롤이 밥에게서 돈을 가져갈 때 공개되는 데이터(해시값의 평문)가 있어야만 한다. 즉, 밥이 캐롤에게 돈을 확실히 보내야만 밥은 앨리스에게 받은 돈을 가져갈 수 있다.

라이트닝 네트워크에서는 노드들의 역할이 중요하다. 많은 노드들이 채널을 열어야 더 빠르고 다양한 경로가 열릴 수 있고, 수수료 경쟁이 일어나 엄청나게 낮은 수수료로도 거래할 수 있다. 기존 비트코인 시스템은 수수료를 내는 사람들끼리 경쟁했다. 더 높은 수수료를 내지 않으면 느린 속도를 감내할 수밖에 없었다. 그런데 라이트닝 네트워크에서는 수수료를 받는 사람들끼리 경쟁한다.

인바운드 유동성과 아웃바운드 유동성

앞의 비유적인 예시로 돌아가 보자. 밥과 앨리스가 공동 금고를 만들 때 10만 SATS씩 금고에 넣었다. 이런 경우 앨리스와 밥은 서로에게 라이트닝 네트워크상에서 비트코인을 보낼 수 있다. 이제 앨리스 입장에서만 보자. 앨리스는 공동 금고에 10만 SATS를 보냈다. 이렇게 앨리스가 보낸 10만 SATS를 ‘아웃바운드 유동성’이라고 한다. 그리고 밥이 앨리스 자신과 개설한 채널(공동 금고)에 보낸 10만 SATS는 ‘인바운드 유동성’이라고 한다. 정리하면 자기가 라이트닝 채널에 보낸 비트코인 금액을 아웃바운드 유동성이라고 하며, 상대방이 라이트닝 채널에 보낸 비트코인 금액을 인바운드 유동성이라고 한다.

앨리스가 처음에 밥과 채널을 개설하는 상황을 생각해 보자. 채널을 개설한 앨리스가 공동 금고(채널)에 10만 SATS의 돈을 보냈다. 공동 금고에는 10만 SATS가 들어있지만, 이것은 모두 앨리스가 청구할 수 있는 상태다. 이런 상태에서는 오프-체인에서 앨리스가 밥에게 돈을 보낼 수는 있지만, 앨리스가 밥에게 돈을 받을 수는 없다. 즉 지금은 앨리스에게 아웃바운드 유동성만 있고, 인바운드 유동성은 없다. 인바운드 유동성이 없으면 돈을 상대한테 받을 수가 없다.

유동성에 대한 좋은 예시가 있다. 빨대 양 끝에 풍선이 달려있다고 생각하는 것이다. 내가 돈을 보내 채널을 개설하면 내 쪽의 풍선만 빵빵한 상태다. 상대측의 풍선에는 공기가 전혀 없다. 따라서 상대 풍선으로부터 내 풍선으로 공기가 이동할 수가 없다. 내 풍선에서 상대 풍선으로만 공기가 이동할 수 있다.

유동성 관리는 라이트닝 채널을 운영할 때 매우 중요한 문제다. 만약 라이트닝 노드를 운영하고, 이를 통해 결제를 받는다면 인바운드 유동성이 말라버렸을 때 결제를 받을 수가 없기 때문이다. 따라서 채널 개설, 라우팅을 통한 유동성 이동, 리밸런싱 서비스 사용 등의 다양한 방법으로 유동성을 확보하고 조정해야 한다.

협력적 종료와 비협력적 종료, CSV, 페널티

앨리스와 밥이 채널을 개설한 상황을 생각해 보자. 앨리스와 밥 각각 10만 SATS의 청구권이 있었는데 앨리스가 밥의 카페에서 5,000원 커피를 3번 사 마신 경우를 생각해 보자. 이제 앨리스의 금액이 85,000 SATS, 밥의 금액이 115,000 SATS가 적힌 장부가 있을 것이다. 앨리스와 밥이 둘 다 채널 종료에 합의하면 채널의 최종 장부 거래가 온-체인에 기록되는 즉시(블록에 실려 컨펌되는 즉시) 둘은 채널에 있던 자금을 돌려받는다. 공동 금고(돼지저금통)를 깨는 것이다. 이런 종료를 ‘협력 적 종료’라고 한다.

자, 앨리스에게 악마 맬러리의 망령이 들었다고 생각해 보자. 앨리스는 밥 몰래 오프-체인의 장부를 온-체인에 제출하고 채널을 종료하고 싶다. 그러면 앨리스는 굳이 자신이 85,000 SATS를 받을 수 있는 장부를 제출하지 않고 10만 SATS를 받을 수 있는 이전 장부를 온-체인에 제출하려고 하지 않을까? 이런 상황을 ‘비협력적 종료’라고 한다.

비협력적 종료는 꼭 앨리스처럼 악의를 품고 하는 것뿐만 아니라 여러 상황이 있을 수 있다. 예를 들면 상대 노드가 오랫동안 연결이 안 되어 채널을 유지할 수 없는 경우 내 쪽에서 채널을 강제 종료할 수 있다. 이런 비협력적 종료 상황에서는 누군가가 배신을 하고 최신 장부를 제출하지 않고 자신에게 이득이 되는 이전 장부를 제출할 가능성이 있다.

그래서 비협력적 종료 상황에서는 자금을 바로 돌려받을 수가 없다. 비협력적 종료 상황에서 자금은 CSV, CheckSequenceVerify라는 상대 시간 잠금으로 묶인다. 무슨 뜻이냐면 거래가 온-체인에 제출된 시점으로부터 통상 1,000블록 간 잠긴다. 1,000블록이면 대략 일주일이다. 즉, 비협력적 종료를 하면 자금을 받기 위해서 일주일을 기다려야 한다.

그럼 비협력적 종료를 할 때 왜 일정 기간을 기다리게 했을까? 만약 상대가 최신이 아닌 자신에게 이득이 되는 이전 장부를 제출하는 경우 페널티를 줄 시간이 필요하기 때문이다. 이 페널티는 채널 자금 몰수다. 오프-체인에서 서로 장부를 교환할 때는 자신이 가져갈 수 있는 금액이 적혀있는 장부만 교환하는 것이 아니다. 상대방이 이전 거래를 제출할 경우 내가 채널에 있는 모든 금액을 몰수할 수 있는 페널티 거래도 교환한다. 처음에 A 상태가 있었다고 해보자. B 상태가 진행되어 B 상태가 적혀있는 거래가 적혀있는 장부를 교환할 때 A 장부 제출에 대한 페널티 장부도 교환하는 것이다.

다시 돌아와서 앨리스가 85,000 SATS를 받을 수 있는 장부가 아니라 100,000 SATS를 받을 수 있는 이전 거래를 온-체인에 제출했다고 해보자. 앨리스는 일주일간 자금을 가져갈 수 없다. 밥이 만약 페널티 거래를 제출하면 밥은 채널에 있던 앨리스의 몫 85,000 SATS 모두를 즉시 압수할 수 있다.

라이트닝 노드의 유형

라이트닝 노드는 다양한 기준에 따라 다양하게 분류할 수 있다. 유동성이 이동하는 방식에 따라 분류한 라이트닝 노드의 몇 가지 유형을 살펴보자.

드레인 노드drain node는 유동성이 한쪽으로만 흐르는 노드를 말하는데, 주로 자금을 빨아들이는 노드를 말한다. 만약 비트코인 결제를 받기만 하는 상점이라면 채널의 유동성이 주로 그 상점으로 빨려 들어갈 것이다. 이런 드레인 노드는 시간이 지나면 모든 유동성이 상점의 노드 쪽으로 쏠려버리기 때문에 유동성을 관리하지 않으면 더 이상 결제를 받을 수 없게 된다. 그래서 이런 노드는 리밸런싱(인바운드 유동성과 아웃바운드 유동성의 균형을 맞추는 것)을 통해 유동성을 관리하는 것이 특히 중요하다. 리밸런싱을 하는 방법은 온-체인과 연계해 유동성 방향을 바꾸거나 순환 경로를 만들어 리밸런싱하는 방법 등이 있다. 만약 거래소 노드와 채널이 개설되어 있다면 거래소 노드로 비트코인을 보내고, 거래소에서 온-체인으로 비트코인을 빼는 간단한 방법도 있다.

라우팅 노드routing node는 주로 중간에서 결제를 라우팅하는 노드를 말한다. 이들은 거래를 중개하면서 수수료 수익을 얻는 것을 목표로 한다. 이런 노드를 운영하려면 노드가 항상 온라인 상태로 잘 연결되어 있어야 하고 수수료도 잘 관리해야 한다. 수수료가 너무 높으면 경로에서 제외되고, 수수료가 너무 낮으면 드레인 노드에게 유동성이 다 빨릴 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 다수의 채널을 열고, 다양한 다른 노드와 연결을 하여 네트워크 내에서 경로로 자주 선택되도록 전략을 짜야 한다.

거래소나 지갑 회사 노드도 있다. 이들은 자신들의 서비스 사용자들을 위해 여러 채널을 개설하고 대규모 유동성을 보유하고 있다. 이런 노드와 채널을 개설하면 인바운드 유동성 확보가 쉬워진다. 따라서 이런 노드들은 주로 입구 역할을 하며, 많은 노드와 연결되어 있으므로 허브 역할을 하기도 한다.

라이트닝 노드를 운영할 때는 어떤 목적으로 운영할 것인지 꼭 생각해 보는 것이 좋다. 만약 비트코인으로 결제를 받기 위한 것이라면 인바운드 유동성을 많이 확보해 놓아야 할 것이다. 거꾸로 비트코인 결제 매장 등에 가서 일상적인 결제를 하거나, 라이트닝 네트워크를 이용한 P2P 거래로 비트코인을 판매할 것이라면 주로 아웃바운드 유동성을 확보하면 되니 상대적으로 유동성 관리가 쉽다. 유동성이 마르면 채널을 종료하고 다시 열기만 하면 자동으로 아웃바운드 유동성이 확보되기 때문이다. 수수료 수익을 보고 라우팅 노드를 운영하고 싶다면 상당히 많은 경험과 지식이 필요하니 신중하게 결정하는 것이 좋다.

라이트닝 노드를 직접 돌리는 것은 간단하지만은 않지만 여전히 매력적이다. 라이트닝 수탁 서비스를 이용하는 경우 해당 서비스 운영자를 신뢰해야 하는 문제가 생기기 때문에 KYC나 자금 동결 등의 문제로부터 완전히 자유롭지 않다. 하지만 라이트닝 네트워크에 직접 참여하면 신뢰받는 제3자 없이 비트코인의 확장성을 경험할 수 있다.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The banking giant is exploring an expansion of its blockchain services, focusing on digital payments and currencies.

JPMorgan Chase has filed a new trademark application for the name “JPMD.” The filing was submitted on June 15 to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

The application, filed by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., covers a broad range of services related to digital assets and blockchain technology. These include the issuance of digital currencies, electronic payment processing, and financial custody services — all of which suggest a possible new stablecoin initiative for JPMorgan.

Experience with JPM Coin

This move wouldn’t be JPMorgan’s first foray into blockchain-based finance. The bank already operates JPM Coin, a dollar-pegged stablecoin used to enable instant transactions between institutional clients. The token runs on Quorum, a private blockchain network developed in-house by JPMorgan and based on Ethereum’s technology.

The registration of the JPMD trademark comes as JPMorgan and other major U.S. banks are considering a collaborative stablecoin project through their jointly owned entities: Early Warning Services and The Clearing House.

Similarly, corporations like Walmart and Amazon are mulling the creation of their own stablecoins.

The post JPMorgan files trademark for ‘JPMD’: a new stablecoin on the horizon for the American bank appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

Jennifer checked into the CUBANA Hotel just after midnight. Her reservation was for Room 21 but the receptionist, a frail woman with shaking hands, handed her a different key.

“Room 39,” she said quietly. “It’s better.”

Jennifer hesitated. “But I booked”

“Trust me,” the woman interrupted, not meeting her eyes. “Don’t go near Room 21 tonight.”

Chilled by her tone, Jennifer took the key.

As she walked through the long corridor, dimly lit and lined with dusty paintings, she passed Room 21. Its door was slightly ajar. A draft whispered from it, carrying the faint sound of piano music, though no one had checked in for days.

Jennifer entered Room 39 and locked the door behind her.

That night, she couldn’t sleep. The music continued soft, broken, sorrowful. She finally crept into the hallway. The corridor was darker now. Room 21’s door had swung open wide.

Drawn by a strange force, Jennifer stepped inside.

The room was pristine. An old piano stood in the corner, keys moving on their own. On the wall hung a photo of a young couple, one of them was her.

It was a photo she'd never taken.

On the piano was a letter:

To Jennifer, If you are reading this, you’ve come searching for answers. Room 21 holds what you lost. Your memories, your truth. You left them here seven years ago when you fled. But the past doesn’t stay buried. Tonight, you must choose to remember or keep running.

Jennifer turned and saw the mirror. In it, her reflection wore a wedding dress... bloodstained.

Moral: What we fear most is often the key to the truth we need most.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

People forget Bear Stearns failed March 2008 - months of denial followed before the public realized how bad the situation was under the surface.

Similar happening now but much larger scale. They did not fix fundamental issues after 2008 - everything is more fragile.

The Fed preemptively bailed out every bank with their BTFP program and First Republic Bank still failed. The second largest bank failure in history.

There will be more failures. There will be more bailouts. Depositors will be "protected" by socializing losses across everyone.

Our President and mainstream financial pundits are currently pretending the banking crisis is over while most banks remain insolvent. There are going to be many more bank failures as this ponzi system unravels.

Unlike 2008, we have the ability to opt out of these broken and corrupt institutions by using bitcoin. Bitcoin held in self custody is unique in its lack of counterparty risk - you do not have to trust a bank or other centralized entity to hold it for you. Bitcoin is also incredibly difficult to change by design since it is not controlled by an individual, company, or government - the supply of dollars will inevitably be inflated to bailout these failing banks but bitcoin supply will remain unchanged. I do not need to convince you that bitcoin provides value - these next few years will convince millions.

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

Will not live in a pod.
Will not eat the bugs.
Will not get the chip.
Will not get a blue check.
Will not use CBDCs.

Live Free or Die.

Why did Elon buy twitter for $44 Billion? What value does he see in it besides the greater influence that undoubtedly comes with controlling one of the largest social platforms in the world? We do not need to speculate - he made his intentions incredibly clear in his first meeting with twitter employees after his takeover - WeChat of the West.

To those that do not appreciate freedom, the value prop is clear - WeChat is incredibly powerful and successful in China.

To those that do appreciate freedom, the concern is clear - WeChat has essentially become required to live in China, has surveillance and censorship integrated at its core, and if you are banned from the app your entire livelihood is at risk. Employment, housing, payments, travel, communication, and more become extremely difficult if WeChat censors determine you have acted out of line.

The blue check is the first step in Elon's plan to bring the chinese social credit score system to the west. Users who verify their identity are rewarded with more reach and better tools than those that do not. Verified users are the main product of Elon's twitter - an extensive database of individuals and complete control of the tools he will slowly get them to rely on - it is easier to monetize cattle than free men.

If you cannot resist the temptation of the blue check in its current form you have already lost - what comes next will be much darker. If you realize the need to resist - freedom tech provides us options.

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 39cc53c9:27168656

Read the original blog post

After almost 3 months of work, we've completed the redesign of kycnot.me. More modern and with many new features.

Privacy remains the foundation - everything still works with JavaScript disabled. If you enable JS, you will get some nice-to-have features like lazy loading and smoother page transitions, but nothing essential requires it.

User Accounts

We've introduced user accounts that require zero personal information:

• Secret user tokens - no email, no phone number, no personal data
• Randomly generated usernames for default privacy and fairness
• Karma system that rewards contributions and unlocks features: custom display names, profile pictures, and more.

Reviews and Community Discussions

On the previous sites, I was using third party open source tools for the comments and discussions. This time, I've built my own from scratch, fully integrated into the site, without JavaScript requirements.

Everyone can share their experiences and help others make informed decisions:

• Ratings: Comments can have a 1-5 star rating attached. You can have one rating per service and it will affect the overall user score.
• Discussions: These are normal comments, you can add them on any listed service.

Comment Moderation

I was strugling to keep up with moderation on the old site. For this, we've implemented an AI-powered moderation system that:

• Auto-approves legitimate comments instantly
• Flags suspicious content for human review
• Keeps discussions valuable by minimizing spam

The AI still can mark comments for human review, but most comments will get approved automatically by this system. The AI also makes summaries of the comments to help you understand the overall sentiment of the community.

Powerful Search & Filtering

Finding exactly what you need is now easier:

• Advanced filtering system with many parameters. You can even filter by attributes to pinpoint services with specific features.

The results are dynamic and shuffle services with identical scores for fairness.

See all listings

Listings are now added as 'Community Contributed' by default. This means that you can still find them in the search results, but they will be clearly marked as such.

Updated Scoring System

New dual-score approach provides more nuanced service evaluations:

• Privacy Score: Measures how well a service protects your personal information and data

• Trust Score: Assesses reliability, security, and overall reputation

• Combined into a weighted Overall Score for quick comparisons

• Completely transparent and open source calculation algorithm. No manual tweaking or hidden factors.

AI-Powered Terms of Service Analysis

Basically, a TLDR summary for Terms of Service:

• Automated system extracts the most important points from complex ToS documents
• Clear summaries
• Updated monthly to catch any changes

The ToS document is hashed and only will be updated if there are any changes.

Service Events and Timelines

Track the complete history of any service, on each service page you can see the timeline of events. There are two types of events:

• Automatic events: Created by the system whenever something about a service changes, like its description, supported currencies, attributes, verification status…
• Manual events: Added by admins when there’s important news, such as a service going offline, being hacked, acquired, shut down, or other major updates.

There is also a global timeline view available at /events

Notification System

Since we now have user accounts, we built a notifiaction system so you can stay informed about anything:

• Notifications for comment replies and status changes
• Watch any comment to get notified for new replies.
• Subscribe to services to monitor events and updates
• Notification customization.

Coming soon: Third-party privacy-preserving notifications integration with Telegram, Ntfy.sh, webhooks...

Service Suggestions

Anyone with an account can suggest a new service via the suggestion form. After submitting, you'll receive a tracking page where you can follow the status of your suggestion and communicate directly with admins.

All new suggestions start as "unlisted" — they won't appear in search results until reviewed. Our team checks each submission to ensure it's not spam or inappropriate. If similar services already exist, you'll be shown possible duplicates and can choose to submit your suggestion as an edit instead.

You can always check the progress of your suggestion, respond to moderator questions, and see when it goes live, everything will also be notified to your account. This process ensures high-quality listings and a collaborative approach to building the directory.

---

These are some of the main features we already have, but there are many more small changes and improvements that you will find when using the site.

What's Next?

This is just the beginning. We will be constantly working to improve KYCnot.me and add more features that help you preserve your privacy.

Remember: True financial freedom requires the right to privacy. Stay KYC-free!

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The banking giant is exploring an expansion of its blockchain services, focusing on digital payments and currencies.

JPMorgan Chase has filed a new trademark application for the name “JPMD.” The filing was submitted on June 15 to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

The application, filed by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., covers a broad range of services related to digital assets and blockchain technology. These include the issuance of digital currencies, electronic payment processing, and financial custody services — all of which suggest a possible new stablecoin initiative for JPMorgan.

Experience with JPM Coin

This move wouldn’t be JPMorgan’s first foray into blockchain-based finance. The bank already operates JPM Coin, a dollar-pegged stablecoin used to enable instant transactions between institutional clients. The token runs on Quorum, a private blockchain network developed in-house by JPMorgan and based on Ethereum’s technology.

The registration of the JPMD trademark comes as JPMorgan and other major U.S. banks are considering a collaborative stablecoin project through their jointly owned entities: Early Warning Services and The Clearing House.

Similarly, corporations like Walmart and Amazon are mulling the creation of their own stablecoins.

The post JPMorgan files trademark for ‘JPMD’: a new stablecoin on the horizon for the American bank appeared first on Atlas21.

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

• This version introduces the Soroban P2P network, enabling Dojo to relay transactions to the Bitcoin network and share others' transactions to break the heuristic linking relaying nodes to transaction creators.

• Additionally, Dojo admins can now manage API keys in DMT with labels, status, and expiration, ideal for community Dojo providers like Dojobay. New API endpoints, including "/services" exposing Explorer, Soroban, and Indexer, have been added to aid wallet developers.
• Other maintenance updates include Bitcoin Core, Tor, Fulcrum, Node.js, plus an updated ban-knots script to disconnect inbound Knots nodes.

"I want to thank all the contributors. This again shows the power of true Free Software. I also want to thank everyone who donated to help Dojo development going. I truly appreciate it," said Still Dojo Coder.

What's new

• Soroban P2P network. For MyDojo (Docker setup) users, Soroban will be automatically installed as part of their Dojo. This integration allows Dojo to utilize the Soroban P2P network for various upcoming features and applications.
• PandoTx. PandoTx serves as a transaction transport layer. When your wallet sends a transaction to Dojo, it is relayed to a random Soroban node, which then forwards it to the Bitcoin network. It also enables your Soroban node to receive and relay transactions from others to the Bitcoin network and is designed to disrupt the assumption that a node relaying a transaction is closely linked to the person who initiated it.
  • Pushing transactions through Soroban can be deactivated by setting NODE_PANDOTX_PUSH=off in docker-node.conf.
  • Processing incoming transactions from Soroban network can be deactivated by setting NODE_PANDOTX_PROCESS=off in docker-node.conf.
• API key management has been introduced to address the growing number of people offering their Dojos to the community. Dojo admins can now access a new API management tab in their DMT, where they can create unlimited API keys, assign labels for easy identification, and set expiration dates for each key. This allows admins to avoid sharing their main API key and instead distribute specific keys to selected parties.
• New API endpoints. Several new API endpoints have been added to help API consumers develop features on Dojo more efficiently:
  • New:
    • /latest-block - returns data about latest block
    • /txout/:txid/:index - returns unspent output data
    • /support/services - returns info about services that Dojo exposes
  • Updated:
    • /tx/:txid - endpoint has been updated to return raw transaction with parameter ?rawHex=1
  • The new /support/services endpoint replaces the deprecated explorer field in the Dojo pairing payload. Although still present, API consumers should use this endpoint for explorer and other pairing data.

Other changes

• Updated ban script to disconnect inbound Knots nodes.
• Updated Fulcrum to v1.12.0.
• Regenerate Fulcrum certificate if expired.
• Check if transaction already exists in pushTx.
• Bump BTC-RPC Explorer.
• Bump Tor to v0.4.8.16, bump Snowflake.
• Updated Bitcoin Core to v29.0.
• Removed unnecessary middleware.
• Fixed DB update mechanism, added api_keys table.
• Add an option to use blocksdir config for bitcoin blocks directory.
• Removed deprecated configuration.
• Updated Node.js dependencies.
• Reconfigured container dependencies.
• Fix Snowflake git URL.
• Fix log path for testnet4.
• Use prebuilt addrindexrs binaries.
• Add instructions to migrate blockchain/fulcrum.
• Added pull policies.

#FREESAMOURAI

Learn how to set up and use your own Bitcoin privacy node with Dojo here.

Announcement / Archive
GitHub Repo

@ 93bfc86d:fc8e91f5

다무스 앱 설치 및 개인키-공개키 쌍 생성

아이폰과 같은 iOS 기기나 맥OS에서는 다무스Damus를 사용하는 것도 좋다. 다무스에서는 자신이 사용하는 라이트닝 지갑을 이용해 잽을 날리는 것이 가능하다.

먼저 앱을 설치해보자. 앱스토어에 'Damus' 또는 'Damus nostr'를 검색하고 앱을 다운로드 받는다. 이미 노스터 개인키인 nsec이 있다면 [Sign In]을 선택하고, 새 계정을 만들 거라면 [Create Account]를 누른다. 필자는 [Create Account]를 눌러 새 키 쌍을 생성해보겠다.

'Name'에 닉네임을 적고 [Next]를 누른다.

[저장하기]를 누르면 키 쌍을 아이폰 암호 앱에 저장할 수 있다. 원하지 않는다면 [Not now]를 눌러 넘어가면 된다.

메인 화면에 들어오면 왼쪽 상단 프로필 모양의 원을 누른다. 그 다음 [설정]을 누른다.

[키]룰 눌러 들어가면 개인키 nsec을 볼 수 있다. [보기]를 눌러 종이에 적는 등 물리적으로 백업하거나, 복사 버튼을 눌러 암호화된 파일로 저장할 수 있다.

다른 사람들에게 npub 알려주기

누군가에게 자신의 노스터 계정을 알려줄 때는 노스터 공개키인 npub을 알려주면 된다. 다무스 메인 화면에서 좌측 상단 원 모양의 프로필을 누른 뒤, 프로필 오른쪽에 있는 QR코드 모양의 버튼을 누른다. 그러면 QR코드가 나오는데, 이 화면을 보여주거나 캡처해서 상대방에게 공유하면 된다.

혹은 [프로필]을 눌러 자신의 프로필 화면으로 들어가고, 아이디 밑에 있는 npub을 복사해 상대방에게 보내주면 된다.

팔로우 추가

처음에는 다무스 운영자의 계정만 팔로우가 되어있을 것이다. 다른 계정들을 팔로우하는 방법을 알아보자.

하단 탭에서 돋보기 모양의 버튼을 눌러 검색 창으로 진입한다. 검색 창에 상대방이 공유한 npub을 붙여넣으면 그 사람의 프로필이 뜰 것이다.

예를 들어 필자의 공개키는 아래와 같다.

npub1jwlusmv555g5ytdwxeds6k3e8u9dgyf75fscznc2eqpemlywj86st0nf2k

필자의 계정을 팔로우하는 과정을 알아보자. 검색창에 npub을 붙여넣고 프로필이 나오면 프로필을 누른다. 다음에 나오는 화면에서 오른쪽의 [팔로우] 버튼을 누르면 필자를 팔로우할 수 있다. 혹은 그 아래에 있는 [팔로우] 또는 [팔로워] 목록을 보고 마음에 드는 프로필을 찾아 들어가 팔로우를 할 수 있다. 이런 방식으로 관심이 있는 계정을 팔로우하면 피드에 글이 뜨기 시작한다.

잽 받기 위한 라이트닝 주소 연결

잽을 받으려면 프로필에 라이트닝 주소를 연결해놓아야 한다. 좌측 상단 원 모양의 프로필을 누르고 [프로필]에 들어간다. 그 다음 [수정하기]를 누른다. 여기서 닉네임을 설정할 수 있다. 스크롤을 아래로 내려서 '비트코인 라이트닝 팁' 필드로 내려간다.

여기에 라이트닝 주소를 입력하고, [저장하기]를 누른다. 프로필 옆에 번개 표시가 뜬 것을 볼 수 있다. 번개 표시가 뜨면 다른 사람들이 나에게 잽을 보낼 수 있다.

다른 사람에게 잽 보내기

받기만 하는 사람이 되는 것은 유쾌하지 않다. 이번에는 다무스에서 잽을 보내는 방법에 대해 알아보자.

좌측 상단 원 모양의 프로필을 누르고 [설정]에 들어간다. 그 다음 [잽]을 누른다.

여기서 [지갑 선택 창 보기] 토글을 켜면 잽을 보낼 때마다 어떤 지갑에서 보낼지 선택할 수 있다. 그 아래 '기본 지갑 선택하기' 옆의 [기기 기본 앱]을 눌러 자신이 사용하고 있는 지갑 앱을 선택할 수 있다.

아래에서 '잽 기본 Sats 수량'을 설정할 수도 있다.

이렇게 설정했으면 이제 설정 창에서 빠져나오자. 잽을 날리고 싶은 프로필이나 포스트에 간다. 거기서 번개 모양의 버튼을 누른다. 그러면 잽을 보내는 창이 뜰 것이다. 금액을 설정하고 [사용자에게 잽 날리기]를 누른다. 그러면 설정한대로 어떤 지갑을 통해 보낼지 선택하는 창이 나온다. 필자는 스트라이크 앱을 통해 진행해보겠다.

스트라이크를 열지 물어보는 창이 나오면 [열기]를 누르고, 스트라이크에서는 [Bitcoin]을 선택한다.

이어서 [Confirm]을 누르고 [Ok]를 누르면 상대방에게 잽이 날아간다.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Carl Rickertsen completely exits his position in Strategy as insiders sell $864 million worth of stock.

As reported by Protos, Carl Rickertsen, a member of Strategy’s board of directors, has fully liquidated his entire shareholding for over $10 million.

Rickertsen’s decision to completely exit his Strategy position marks a sharp shift from his previous investment stance. In 2022, the executive had shown confidence in the company by investing $700,000 in MSTR shares.

On June 13, 2022, Rickertsen purchased $608,000 worth of MSTR stock at $152 per share. Since then, the stock has rallied 152%. However, by 2023, the director had already sold half of his 4,000-share position.

Rickertsen’s approach to managing his holdings has become increasingly aggressive in recent years. Since joining the board in 2019, he has adopted a strategy of immediately liquidating any stock options received.

One example of this tactic occurred on June 2, when he acquired and sold 26,390 MSTR shares on the same day.

As of June 5 this year, Rickertsen reported zero vested Strategy shares, marking the end of his equity involvement with the company.

Rickertsen’s situation is not an isolated case within Strategy. Data from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reveals a controversial picture. According to information gathered by secform4.com, over the past five years, total insider sales have exceeded purchases by $864 million. This imbalance in insider transactions could raise questions about executives’ confidence in the company’s future.

The post Strategy director liquidates all his MSTR shares appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 57c631a3:07529a8e

Introducing: Reader Stories — A New Page for Your Journey

https://connect-test.layer3.press/articles/1acb1809-49c3-4559-902b-01909d49c50f

@ 8bad92c3:ca714aa5

Key Takeaways

Michael Goldstein, aka Bitstein, presents a sweeping philosophical and economic case for going “all in” on Bitcoin, arguing that unlike fiat, which distorts capital formation and fuels short-term thinking, Bitcoin fosters low time preference, meaningful saving, and long-term societal flourishing. At the heart of his thesis is “hodling for good”—a triple-layered idea encompassing permanence, purpose, and the pursuit of higher values like truth, beauty, and legacy. Drawing on thinkers like Aristotle, Hoppe, and Josef Pieper, Goldstein redefines leisure as contemplation, a vital practice in aligning capital with one’s deepest ideals. He urges Bitcoiners to think beyond mere wealth accumulation and consider how their sats can fund enduring institutions, art, and architecture that reflect a moral vision of the future.

Best Quotes

“Let BlackRock buy the houses, and you keep the sats.”

“We're not hodling just for the sake of hodling. There is a purpose to it.”

“Fiat money shortens your time horizon… you can never rest.”

“Savings precedes capital accumulation. You can’t build unless you’ve saved.”

“You're increasing the marginal value of everyone else’s Bitcoin.”

“True leisure is contemplation—the pursuit of the highest good.”

“What is Bitcoin for if not to make the conditions for magnificent acts of creation possible?”

“Bitcoin itself will last forever. Your stack might not. What will outlast your coins?”

“Only a whale can be magnificent.”

“The market will sell you all the crack you want. It’s up to you to demand beauty.”

Conclusion

This episode is a call to reimagine Bitcoin as more than a financial revolution—it’s a blueprint for civilizational renewal. Michael Goldstein reframes hodling as an act of moral stewardship, urging Bitcoiners to lower their time preference, build lasting institutions, and pursue truth, beauty, and legacy—not to escape the world, but to rebuild it on sound foundations.

Timestamps

00:00 - Intro
00:50 - Michael’s BBB presentation Hodl for Good
07:27 - Austrian principles on capital
15:40 - Fiat distorts the economic process
23:34 - Bitkey
24:29 - Hodl for Good triple entendre
29:52 - Bitcoin benefits everyone
39:05 - Unchained
40:14 - Leisure theory of value
52:15 - Heightening life
1:15:48 - Breaking from the chase makes room for magnificence
1:32:32 - Nakamoto Institute’s mission

Transcript

(00:00) Fiat money is by its nature a disturbance. If money is being continually produced, especially at an uncertain rate, these uh policies are really just redistribution of wealth. Most are looking for number to go up post hyper bitcoinization. The rate of growth of bitcoin would be more reflective of the growth of the economy as a whole.
(00:23) Ultimately, capital requires knowledge because it requires knowing there is something that you can add to the structures of production to lengthen it in some way that will take time but allow you to have more in the future than you would today. Let Black Rockck buy the houses and you keep the sats, not the other way around.
(00:41) You wait until later for Larry Frink to try to sell you a [Music] mansion. And we're live just like that. Just like that. 3:30 on a Friday, Memorial Day weekend. It's a good good good way to end the week and start the holiday weekend. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Thank you for having me here. Thank you for coming. I wore this hat specifically because I think it's I think it's very apppropo uh to the conversation we're going to have which is I hope an extension of the presentation you gave at Bitblock Boom Huddle for good. You were working on
(01:24) that for many weeks leading up to uh the conference and explaining how you were structuring it. I think it's a very important topic to discuss now as the Bitcoin price is hitting new all-time highs and people are trying to understand what am I doing with Bitcoin? Like you have you have the different sort of factions within Bitcoin.
(01:47) Uh get on a Bitcoin standard, get on zero, spend as much Bitcoin as possible. You have the sailors of the world are saying buy Bitcoin, never sell, die with your Bitcoin. And I think you do a really good job in that presentation. And I just think your understanding overall of Bitcoin is incredible to put everything into context. It's not either or.
(02:07) It really depends on what you want to accomplish. Yeah, it's definitely there there is no actual one-sizefits-all um for I mean nearly anything in this world. So um yeah, I mean first of all I mean there was it was the first conference talk I had given in maybe five years. I think the one prior to that uh was um bit block boom 2019 which was my meme talk which uh has uh become infamous and notorious.
(02:43) So uh there was also a lot of like high expectations uh you know rockstar dev uh has has treated that you know uh that that talk with a lot of reference. a lot of people have enjoyed it and he was expecting this one to be, you know, the greatest one ever, which is a little bit of a little bit of a uh a burden to live up to those kinds of standards.
(03:08) Um, but you know, because I don't give a lot of talks. Um, you know, I I I like to uh try to bring ideas that might even be ideas that are common. So, something like hodling, we all talk about it constantly. uh but try to bring it from a little bit of a different angle and try to give um a little bit of uh new light to it.
(03:31) I alsove I've I've always enjoyed kind of coming at things from a third angle. Um whenever there's, you know, there's there's all these little debates that we have in in Bitcoin and sometimes it's nice to try to uh step out of it and look at it a little more uh kind of objectively and find ways of understanding it that incorporate the truths of of all of them.
(03:58) uh you know cuz I think we should always be kind of as much as possible after ultimate truth. Um so with this one um yeah I was kind of finding that that sort of golden mean. So uh um yeah and I actually I think about that a lot is uh you know Aristotle has his his concept of the golden mean. So it's like any any virtue is sort of between two vices um because you can you can always you can always take something too far.
(04:27) So you're you're always trying to find that right balance. Um so someone who is uh courageous you know uh one of the vices uh on one side is being basically reckless. I I can't remember what word he would use. Uh but effectively being reckless and just wanting to put yourself in danger for no other reason than just you know the thrill of it.
(04:50) Um and then on the other side you would just have cowardice which is like you're unwilling to put yourself um at any risk at any time. Um, and courage is right there in the middle where it's understanding when is the right time uh to put your put yourself, you know, in in the face of danger um and take it on. And so um in some sense this this was kind of me uh in in some ways like I'm obviously a partisan of hodling.
(05:20) Um, I've for, you know, a long time now talked about the, um, why huddling is good, why people do it, why we should expect it. Um, but still trying to find that that sort of golden mean of like yes, huddle, but also what are we hodling for? And it's not we're we're not hodddling just merely for the sake of hodddling.
(05:45) There there is a a purpose to it. And we should think about that. And that would also help us think more about um what are the benefits of of spending, when should we spend, why should we spend, what should we spend on um to actually give light to that sort of side of the debate. Um so that was that was what I was kind of trying to trying to get into.
(06:09) Um, as well as also just uh at the same time despite all the talk of hodling, there's always this perennial uh there's always this perennial dislike of hodlers because we're treated as uh as if um we're just free riding the network or we're just greedy or you know any of these things. And I wanted to show how uh huddling does serve a real economic purpose.
(06:36) Um, and it does benefit the individual, but it also does uh it it has actual real social um benefits as well beyond merely the individual. Um, so I wanted to give that sort of defense of hodling as well to look at it from um a a broader position than just merely I'm trying to get rich. Um uh because even the person who uh that is all they want to do um just like you know your your pure number grow up go up moonboy even that behavior has positive ramifications on on the economy.
(07:14) And while we might look at them and have uh judgments about their particular choices for them as an individual, we shouldn't discount that uh their actions are having positive positive effects for the rest of the economy. Yeah. So, let's dive into that just not even in the context of Bitcoin because I think you did a great job of this in the presentation.
(07:36) just you've done a good job of this consistently throughout the years that I've known you. Just from like a first principles Austrian economics perspective, what is the idea around capital accumulation, low time preference and deployment of that capital like what what like getting getting into like the nitty-gritty and then applying it to Bitcoin? Yeah, it's it's a big question and um in many ways I mean I I even I barely scratched the surface.
(08:05) uh I I can't claim to have read uh all the volumes of Bombber works, you know, capital and interest and and stuff like that. Um but I think there's some some sort of basic concepts that we can look at that we can uh draw a lot out. Um the first uh I guess let's write that. So repeat so like capital time preference. Yeah. Well, I guess getting more broad like why sav

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The banking giant is exploring an expansion of its blockchain services, focusing on digital payments and currencies.

JPMorgan Chase has filed a new trademark application for the name “JPMD.” The filing was submitted on June 15 to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

The application, filed by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., covers a broad range of services related to digital assets and blockchain technology. These include the issuance of digital currencies, electronic payment processing, and financial custody services — all of which suggest a possible new stablecoin initiative for JPMorgan.

Experience with JPM Coin

This move wouldn’t be JPMorgan’s first foray into blockchain-based finance. The bank already operates JPM Coin, a dollar-pegged stablecoin used to enable instant transactions between institutional clients. The token runs on Quorum, a private blockchain network developed in-house by JPMorgan and based on Ethereum’s technology.

The registration of the JPMD trademark comes as JPMorgan and other major U.S. banks are considering a collaborative stablecoin project through their jointly owned entities: Early Warning Services and The Clearing House.

Similarly, corporations like Walmart and Amazon are mulling the creation of their own stablecoins.

The post JPMorgan files trademark for ‘JPMD’: a new stablecoin on the horizon for the American bank appeared first on Atlas21.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Flash Releases Free Bitcoin Invoicing Tool with No Fees, KYC, or Custody

Flash, a Bitcoin payment platform, just announced it has launched Flash Invoicing, a completely free, non-custodial, and KYC-free Bitcoin invoicing tool. Designed for freelancers, the platform allows users to send professional invoices without platform fees, identity checks, or third party custody.

According to Deel, a crypto payments company for freelancers, Bitcoin is the most used cryptocurrency in the world for payments. Despite this growth, many freelancers continue to use basic methods such as pasting Bitcoin addresses into PDFs or emails. Some rely on custodial platforms that deduct fees or require identity verification, which can affect both earnings and data privacy.

“We’ve seen too many people paste BTC addresses into documents and call it invoicing,” said the CEO of Flash Pierre Corbin. “It’s messy. It’s risky. And it’s time for something better.” 

Flash Invoicing Features:

• 0% platform fees: no subscriptions or commission
• Non-custodial: Bitcoin goes straight to the user’s wallet
• No KYC: users maintain full privacy
• Professional output: branded PDFs and secure payment links
• Integrated dashboard: manage payments, clients, and revenue
• Works with Flash ecosystem: including Stores, Donations, Paywalls, and POS

Many Bitcoin invoicing tools charge a percentage per transaction or require a subscription. As a result, freelancers often lose part of their income simply to issue an invoice and receive payment. Flash is aiming to solve this issue.

“Freelancers work hard enough. The last thing they need is a platform skimming off their earnings,” said Corbin. “That’s why we dropped our fee from 1.5% to 0% — and launched the first invoicing tool that’s truly free, without compromising on privacy or control.”

Flash Invoicing allows users to accept Bitcoin payments without relinquishing control, privacy, or revenue. It is integrated with the broader Flash suite, enabling users to manage invoicing alongside features such as setting up stores, receiving donations, or gating premium content.

“As a freelancer myself, I love using the Flash invoicing feature,” stated a freelancer & Flash user. ”It keeps all my clients in one place, allows me to easily edit invoices and track payments. Much more professional than sending a lightning address in the footer of a PDF invoice.”

This post Flash Releases Free Bitcoin Invoicing Tool with No Fees, KYC, or Custody first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

CANNES, FRANCE – May 2025 — Bitcoin mining made its mark at the world’s most prestigious film gathering this year as Puerto Rican director and producer Alana Mediavilla introduced her feature documentary Dirty Coin: The Bitcoin Mining Documentary at the Marché du Film during the Cannes Film Festival.

The film puts bitcoin mining at the center of a rising global conversation about energy, technology, and economic freedom.

Dirty Coin is the first feature-length documentary to explore bitcoin mining through immersive, on-the-ground case studies.

From rural towns in the United States to hydro-powered sites in Latin America and the Congo, the film follows miners and communities navigating what may be one of the most misunderstood technologies of our time.

The result is a human-centered look at how bitcoin mining is transforming local economies and energy infrastructure in real ways.

To mark its Cannes debut, Mediavilla and her team hosted a packed industry event that brought together leaders from both film and finance.

Dirty Coin debut ceremony at the Marché du Film

Sponsors Celestial Management, Sangha Renewables, Nordblock, and Paystand.org supported the program, which featured panels on mining, energy use, and decentralized infrastructure.

Attendees had the rare opportunity to engage directly with pioneers in the space. A special session in French led by Seb Gouspillou spotlighted mining efforts in the Congo’s Virunga region.

Dirty Coin builds on Mediavilla’s award-winning short film Stranded, which won over 20 international prizes, including Best Short Documentary at Cannes in 2024.

That success helped lay the foundation for the feature and positioned Mediavilla as one of the boldest new voices in global documentary filmmaking.

Alana Mediavilla speaks at the Marché du Film — Cannes Film Festival

“If we’ve found an industry that can unlock stranded energy and turn it into real power for people—especially in regions with energy poverty—why wouldn’t we look into it?” says Mediavilla. “Our privilege blinds us.

“The same thing we criticize could be the very thing that lifts the developing world to our standard of living. Ignoring that potential is a failure of imagination.”

Much like the decentralized network it explores, Dirty Coin is spreading globally through grassroots momentum.

Local leaders are hosting independent screenings around the world, from Roatán and Berlin to São Paulo and Madrid. Upcoming events include Toronto and Zurich, with more cities joining each month.

Mediavilla, who previously worked in creative leadership roles in the U.S. — including as a producer at Google — returned to Puerto Rico to found Campo Libre, a studio focused on high-caliber, globally relevant storytelling from the Caribbean.

She was also accepted into the Cannes Producers Network, a selective program open only to producers with box office releases in the past four years.

Mediavilla qualified after independently releasing Dirty Coin in theaters across Puerto Rico. Her participation in the network gave her direct access to meetings, insights, and connections with the most active distributors and producers working today.

The film’s next public screening will take place at the Anthem Film Festival in Palm Springs on Saturday, June 14 at 2 PM. Additional screenings and market appearances are planned throughout the year at Bitcoin events and international film platforms.

Dirty Coin at the Cannes Film Festival

Watch the Trailer + Access Press Materials

📂 EPK
🎬 Screener
🌍 Host a Screening

Follow the Movement

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dirty_coin_official/
Twitter: https://x.com/DirtyCoinDoc
Website: www.dirtycointhemovie.com

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Good morning (good night?)! The No Bullshit Bitcoin news feed is now available on Moody's Dashboard! A huge shoutout to sir Clark Moody for integrating our feed.

Headlines

• Spiral welcomes Ben Carman. The developer will work on the LDK server and a new SDK designed to simplify the onboarding process for new self-custodial Bitcoin users.

• The Bitcoin Dev Kit Foundation announced new corporate members for 2025, including AnchorWatch, CleanSpark, and Proton Foundation. The annual dues from these corporate members fund the small team of open-source developers responsible for maintaining the core BDK libraries and related free and open-source software (FOSS) projects.
• Strategy increases Bitcoin holdings to 538,200 BTC. In the latest purchase, the company has spent more than $555M to buy 6,556 coins through proceeds of two at-the-market stock offering programs.
• Spar supermarket experiments with Bitcoin payments in Zug, Switzerland. The store has introduced a new payment method powered by the Lightning Network. The implementation was facilitated by DFX Swiss, a service that supports seamless conversions between bitcoin and legacy currencies.

• The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) wants to contain 'crypto' risks. A report titled "Cryptocurrencies and Decentralised Finance: Functions and Financial Stability Implications" calls for expanding research into "how new forms of central bank money, capital controls, and taxation policies can counter the risks of widespread crypto adoption while still fostering technological innovation."
• "Global Implications of Scam Centres, Underground Banking, and Illicit Online Marketplaces in Southeast Asia." According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report, criminal organizations from East and Southeast Asia are swiftly extending their global reach. These groups are moving beyond traditional scams and trafficking, creating sophisticated online networks that include unlicensed cryptocurrency exchanges, encrypted communication platforms, and stablecoins, fueling a massive fraud economy on an industrial scale.
• Slovenia is considering a 25% capital gains tax on Bitcoin profits for individuals. The Ministry of Finance has proposed legislation to impose this tax on gains from cryptocurrency transactions, though exchanging one cryptocurrency for another would remain exempt. At present, individual 'crypto' traders in Slovenia are not taxed.
• Circle, BitGo, Coinbase, and Paxos plan to apply for U.S. bank charters or licenses. According to a report in The Wall Street Journal, major crypto companies are planning to apply for U.S. bank charters or licenses. These firms are pursuing limited licenses that would permit them to issue stablecoins, as the U.S. Congress deliberates on legislation mandating licensing for stablecoin issuers.

"Established banks, like Bank of America, are hoping to amend the current drafts of [stablecoin] legislation in such a way that nonbanks are more heavily restricted from issuing stablecoins," people familiar with the matter told The Block.

• Charles Schwab to launch spot Bitcoin trading by 2026. The financial investment firm, managing over $10 trillion in assets, has revealed plans to introduce spot Bitcoin trading for its clients within the next year.

Use the tools

• Bitcoin Safe v1.2.3 expands QR SignMessage compatibility for all QR-UR-compatible hardware signers (SpecterDIY, KeyStone, Passport, Jade; already supported COLDCARD Q). It also adds the ability to import wallets via QR, ensuring compatibility with Keystone's latest firmware (2.0.6), alongside other improvements.
• Minibits v0.2.2-beta, an ecash wallet for Android devices, packages many changes to align the project with the planned iOS app release. New features and improvements include the ability to lock ecash to a receiver's pubkey, faster confirmations of ecash minting and payments thanks to WebSockets, UI-related fixes, and more.
• Zeus v0.11.0-alpha1 introduces Cashu wallets tied to embedded LND wallets. Navigate to Settings > Ecash to enable it. Other wallet types can still sweep funds from Cashu tokens. Zeus Pay now supports Cashu address types in Zaplocker, Cashu, and NWC modes.
• LNDg v1.10.0, an advanced web interface designed for analyzing Lightning Network Daemon (LND) data and automating node management tasks, introduces performance improvements, adds a new metrics page for unprofitable and stuck channels, and displays warnings for batch openings. The Profit and Loss Chart has been updated to include on-chain costs. Advanced settings have been added for users who would like their channel database size to be read remotely (the default remains local). Additionally, the AutoFees tool now uses aggregated pubkey metrics for multiple channels with the same peer.
• Nunchuk Desktop v1.9.45 release brings the latest bug fixes and improvements.
• Blockstream Green iOS v4.1.8 has renamed L-BTC to LBTC, and improves translations of notifications, login time, and background payments.
• Blockstream Green Android v4.1.8 has added language preference in App Settings and enables an Android data backup option for disaster recovery. Additionally, it fixes issues with Jade entry point PIN timeout and Trezor passphrase input.
• Torq v2.2.2, an advanced Lightning node management software designed to handle large nodes with over 1000 channels, fixes bugs that caused channel balance to not be updated in some cases and channel "peer total local balance" not getting updated.
• Stack Wallet v2.1.12, a multicoin wallet by Cypher Stack, fixes an issue with Xelis introduced in the latest release for Windows.
• ESP-Miner-NerdQAxePlus v1.0.29.1, a forked version from the NerdAxe miner that was modified for use on the NerdQAxe+, is now available.
• Zark enables sending sats to an npub using Bark.

• Erk is a novel variation of the Ark protocol that completely removes the need for user interactivity in rounds, addressing one of Ark's key limitations: the requirement for users to come online before their VTXOs expire.
• Aegis v0.1.1 is now available. It is a Nostr event signer app for iOS devices.
• Nostash is a NIP-07 Nostr signing extension for Safari. It is a fork of Nostore and is maintained by Terry Yiu. Available on iOS TestFlight.
• Amber v3.2.8, a Nostr event signer for Android, delivers the latest fixes and improvements.
• Nostur v1.20.0, a Nostr client for iOS, adds

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

Paris, France – June 6, 2025 — Bitcoin payment gateway startup Flash, just announced a new partnership with the “Bitcoin Only Brewery”, marking the first-ever beverage company to leverage Lightning payments.

Flash enables Bitcoin Only Brewery to offer its “BOB” beer with, no-KYC (Know Your Customer) delivery across Europe, priced at 19,500 sats (~$18) for the 4-pack, shipping included.

The cans feature colorful Bitcoin artwork while the contents promise a hazy pale ale: “Each 33cl can contains a smooth, creamy mouthfeel, hazy appearance and refreshing Pale Ale at 5% ABV,” reads the product description.

Pierre Corbin, Co-Founder of Flash, commented:

“Currently, bitcoin is used more as a store of value but usage for payments is picking up. Thanks to new innovation on Lightning, bitcoin is ready to go mainstream for e-commerce sales.”

Flash, launched its 2.0 version in March 2025 with the goal to provide the easiest bitcoin payment gateway for businesses worldwide. The platform is non-custodial and can enable both digital and physical shops to accept bitcoin by connecting their own wallets to Flash.

By leveraging the scalability of the Lightning Network, Flash ensures instant, low-cost transactions, addressing on-chain Bitcoin bottlenecks like high fees and long wait times.

For businesses interested in adopting Bitcoin payments, Flash offers a straightforward onboarding process, low fees, and robust support for both digital and physical goods. To learn more, visit paywithflash.com.

Media Contact:
Pierre Corbin
Co-Founder, Flash
Email: press@paywithflash.com
Website: paywithflash.com

About Flash

Flash is the easiest Bitcoin payment gateway for businesses to accept payments. Supporting both digital and physical enterprises, Flash leverages the Lightning Network to enable fast, low-cost Bitcoin transactions. Launched in its 2.0 version in March 2025, Flash is at the forefront of driving Bitcoin adoption in e-commerce.

About Bitcoin Only Brewery

Bitcoin Only Brewery (@Drink_B0B) is a pioneering beverage company dedicated to the Bitcoin ethos, offering high-quality beers payable exclusively in Bitcoin. With a commitment to personal privacy, the brewery delivers across Europe with no-KYC requirements.

@ e1cde248:609c13b0

ผมเพิ่งตัดสินใจลบแอปโซเชียลมีเดียทั้งหมดออกจากโทรศัพท์

ใน feed เต็มไปด้วยบัญชีขยะ\ content ที่ถูกยัดมาให้ดู ทั้งที่เราไม่ได้ติดตาม และไม่ได้อยากเห็น\ Bot, AI-generated content, clickbait, ข่าวดราม่าที่ออกแบบมาเพื่อกวนประสาทโดยเฉพาะ

ทั้งหมดนี้ไม่ได้ถูกสร้างมาเพื่อให้เรา “เข้าใจโลก”\ แต่มาเพื่อให้เรา อยู่บนแพลตฟอร์มให้นานที่สุด

แล้วเราก็หลอกตัวเองว่า\ “เรากำลังติดตามโลกอยู่นะ”\ “เรากำลังเชื่อมต่อกับผู้คน”

แต่ความจริงคือ...\ ยิ่งมีดราม่า ยิ่งมีความขัดแย้ง — แพลตฟอร์มยิ่งรวย\ และเรายิ่งพัง

เราได้อะไร?\ ได้ความเหนื่อยล้าแบบไม่รู้ที่มา\ สมาธิสั้นลง หงุดหงิดง่ายขึ้น\ และบางทีก็เศร้า...โดยไม่รู้ว่าทำไม

AI ที่อยู่เบื้องหลัง algorithm พวกนี้\ ฉลาดพอจะกำหนดได้ว่า\ “วันนี้คุณควรจะรู้สึกยังไง”

คุณอาจไม่ได้อยากรู้สึกแย่\ ไม่ได้อยากเปรียบเทียบตัวเองกับใคร\ แต่พอไถไปเรื่อย ๆ มันก็เกิดขึ้น\ แบบไม่รู้ตัว

มันซึมลึก\ มันกัดกินจิตใจ\ ช้า ๆ เงียบ ๆ และต่อเนื่อง

ผมนึกถึงโรคอัลไซเมอร์\ โรคที่ค่อย ๆ ลบตัวตนของคนออกไปทีละนิด\ สำหรับผม... มันน่ากลัวกว่ามะเร็งอีกนะ\ และถ้าจะพูดตรง ๆ ความตายอาจจะยังดีกว่าด้วยซ้ำ

แล้วถ้าคิดดูดี ๆ\ การเสพ content แบบไร้สติ\ การโดนรบกวนทุกวินาทีบนหน้าจอ\ มันก็คือ “การเร่งเวลา” ให้ตัวเราค่อย ๆ หายไป

เราอาจยังไม่แก่พอเป็นอัลไซเมอร์\ แต่ถ้า “ใจ” เราเริ่มลืมว่าเราเป็นใคร\ รู้สึกยังไง\ และอยากมีชีวิตแบบไหน...

มันก็ไม่ต่างกันเท่าไหร่หรอก

ตอนนี้เรายังเลือกได้\ ว่าจะปล่อยให้เทคโนโลยีขับเคลื่อนชีวิต\ หรือจะกลับมาเป็น “คนขับ” เองอีกครั้ง

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Carl Rickertsen completely exits his position in Strategy as insiders sell $864 million worth of stock.

As reported by Protos, Carl Rickertsen, a member of Strategy’s board of directors, has fully liquidated his entire shareholding for over $10 million.

Rickertsen’s decision to completely exit his Strategy position marks a sharp shift from his previous investment stance. In 2022, the executive had shown confidence in the company by investing $700,000 in MSTR shares.

On June 13, 2022, Rickertsen purchased $608,000 worth of MSTR stock at $152 per share. Since then, the stock has rallied 152%. However, by 2023, the director had already sold half of his 4,000-share position.

Rickertsen’s approach to managing his holdings has become increasingly aggressive in recent years. Since joining the board in 2019, he has adopted a strategy of immediately liquidating any stock options received.

One example of this tactic occurred on June 2, when he acquired and sold 26,390 MSTR shares on the same day.

As of June 5 this year, Rickertsen reported zero vested Strategy shares, marking the end of his equity involvement with the company.

Rickertsen’s situation is not an isolated case within Strategy. Data from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reveals a controversial picture. According to information gathered by secform4.com, over the past five years, total insider sales have exceeded purchases by $864 million. This imbalance in insider transactions could raise questions about executives’ confidence in the company’s future.

The post Strategy director liquidates all his MSTR shares appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 93bfc86d:fc8e91f5

노스터를 처음 시작하는 사용자라면 자신의 상황에 따라 어떤 앱을 사용할지 선택할 수 있다.

만약 라이트닝 노드를 직접 운영하고 있다면 아이폰 사용자는 다무스Damus, 안드로이드 사용자는 애머시스트Amethyst, 데스크탑 웹 브라우저에서는 스노트Snort 등의 앱을 추천한다. NWC를 통한 연결로 자신의 라이트닝 노드에서 잽Zap을 보낼 수 있기 때문이다.

만약 라이트닝 노드를 운영하지 않고, 노스터를 처음 이용한다면 프라이멀Primal 앱 사용을 추천한다. 프라이멀 앱은 앱 내에서 자체적으로 라이트닝 지갑을 이용할 수 있기 때문에 잽을 주고 받기가 더욱 쉽다. 그러나 분명히 인지해야 할 사실은 프라이멀에서 사용하는 지갑은 수탁 라이트닝 서비스이므로 거래소와 같은 위험 수준이 있다. 월렛오브사토시나 스트라이크와 비슷하다고 생각하면 된다.

이제 프라이멀 앱 사용 방법에 대해 알아보자.

앱 설치 및 개인키-공개키 쌍 생성

앱스토어 또는 구글 플레이스토어에서 'Primal'을 검색하고 앱을 다운로드 받는다.

이전에 노스터를 사용한 적 없다면 [Create Account]를 누른다. 만약 이전에 노스터를 사용한 적이 있어서 노스터 개인키인 nsec이 있다면 [Sign In]을 눌러 nsec을 입력하고 로그인할 수도 있다.

[Display Name]에 닉네임을 입력하고 [Next]를 누른다.

관심사를 선택하라는 창이 나온다. 그런데 여기서 관심사를 선택하면 자신이 팔로우를 원치 않는 계정들까지 전부 팔로우가 된다. 따라서 일단 [art]만 선택한 뒤 [Next]를 누른다. 뒤에서 해제할 것이다.

다음 화면으로 넘어가면 [Customize follows now]를 선택하고, [Next]를 누른다.

앞에서 말한 것처럼 모든 관심사를 끌 것이다. 'ART' 옆에 있는 [unfollow all]를 누르고, 아래에 있는 [Next]를 누른다.

[Create Account Now] → [Continue] → [I'll do this later]를 누른다.

그러면 개인키-공개키 쌍이 생성된 것이다. 노스터는 다른 중앙집중화된 SNS 플랫폼들과 달리 비트코인처럼 개인키-공개키 쌍을 만들면 그게 자신의 계정이 된다. 개인키는 nsec이라 하며, 공개키는 npub이라 한다. 따라서 개인키인 nsec을 백업해놓는 것은 매우 중요하다.

왼쪽 상단의 프로필 사진을 터치한다. 그 다음 [SETTINGS] → [Keys]에 들어간다.

'PRIVATE KEY' 옆에 나오는 [show key]를 누르면 개인키가 보인다. [Copy private key]를 눌러 개인키를 메모 앱 등에 암호화된 상태로 저장해놓거나, 종이에다가 잘 적는 등의 물리적인 백업을 해놓자.

다른 사람들에게 npub 알려주기

누군가에게 자신의 계정을 알려줄 때는 자신의 노스터 공개키인 npub을 알려주면 된다. 프라이멀에서 먼저 좌측 상단 프로필 모양을 누른다. 그러면 닉네임 옆에 QR코드 모양이 있다. 이 QR코드 모양을 터치한다. 그러면 QR코드가 나오는데, 이 QR코드를 캡처해서 상대방에게 보여주거나, 그 밑에 있는 npub 우측의 복사 버튼을 눌러 상대방에게 보내주면 된다.

팔로우 추가

처음에는 아무런 글도 안 나타날 것이다. 팔로우하고 있는 계정이 없기 때문이다. 오른쪽 상단 검색 버튼을 누른다. 여기에 자신이 팔로우하고 싶은 계정의 공개키 npub을 붙여넣으면 사람이 뜰 것이다.

예를 들어 필자의 공개키는 아래와 같다.

npub1jwlusmv555g5ytdwxeds6k3e8u9dgyf75fscznc2eqpemlywj86st0nf2k

필자의 계정을 팔로우하는 과정을 알아보자. 검색창에 npub을 붙여넣고 프로필이 나오면 프로필을 누른다. 다음에 나오는 화면에서 오른쪽의 [follow] 버튼을 누르면 필자를 팔로우할 수 있다. 혹은 그 아래에 있는 팔로잉(following), 팔로워(followers) 목록을 보고 마음에 드는 프로필을 찾아 들어가 팔로우를 할 수 있다. 이런 방식으로 관심이 있는 계정을 팔로우하면 피드에 글이 뜨기 시작한다.

잽을 위한 지갑 추가

프라이멀에서는 자체적인 라이트닝 지갑을 추가하고, 거기에 비트코인을 보낸 뒤 잽을 보낼 수 있다.

먼저 하단 탭 가운데에 있는 번개 모양의 버튼을 누른다. 그 다음 [Activate Wallet Now]를 누른다.

다른 라이트닝 수탁 서비스들처럼 기본 정보를 받는다. 'first name'에는 성을 제외한 이름, 'last name'에는 성, 'your email address'에는 이메일 주소, 'your date of birth'에는 생년월일, 'country of residence'에는 거주 지역을 적는다. 이때 다른 것들은 실제 정보와 상이하게 적더라도 이메일만큼은 제대로 적어야 한다. 바로 뒤에 이메일 인증을 해야 하기 때문이다. 여타 라이트닝 수탁 서비스들과 마찬가지로, 이러한 수탁 서비스들은 언제나 동결 위험이 있다. 따라서 이러한 상황들에 대비해 정보를 제대로 적을지, 상이하게 적을지는 당신의 자유이며, 당신이 책임져야 한다.

잘 입력하고 [Next]를 누르면 입력했던 이메일로 확인 코드가 온다. 이메일에서 코드를 확인한다. 만약 이메일이 보이지 않는다면 스팸메일함에 메일이 있는 것은 아닌지 확인하자.

이메일에서 확인했던 코드를 프라이멀 앱 화면에 입력하고 [Finish]를 누른다.

그러면 어떤 이메일 주소처럼 생긴 주소가 나온다. 이것이 프라이멀에서 생성한 라이트닝 지갑의 라이트닝 주소다. 아래 [Close]를 누른다.

성공적으로 지갑이 생성되었다. [RECEIVE]를 누르면 라이트닝 주소와 그에 해당하는 QR코드가 보여진다. COPY를 눌러 이 라이트닝 주소로 비트코인을 보내거나, [ADD DETAILS]를 통해 인보이스를 발행하여 비트코인을 보낼 수 있다. 프라이멀 지갑에 비트코인을 보내 잔액이 생기면 잽을 보낼 수 있다.

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• The latest firmware updates for COLDCARD devices introduce two major features: COLDCARD Co-sign (CCC) and Key Teleport between two COLDCARD Q devices using QR codes and/or NFC with a website.

What's new

• COLDCARD Co-Sign: When CCC is enabled, a second seed called the Spending Policy Key (Key C) is added to the device. This seed works with the device's Main Seed and one or more additional XPUBs (Backup Keys) to form 2-of-N multisig wallets.
  • The spending policy functions like a hardware security module (HSM), enforcing rules such as magnitude and velocity limits, address whitelisting, and 2FA authentication to protect funds while maintaining flexibility and control, and is enforced each time the Spending Policy Key is used for signing.
  • When spending conditions are met, the COLDCARD signs the partially signed bitcoin transaction (PSBT) with the Main Seed and Spending Policy Key for fund access. Once configured, the Spending Policy Key is required to view or change the policy, and violations are denied without explanation.

"You can override the spending policy at any time by signing with either a Backup Key and the Main Seed or two Backup Keys, depending on the number of keys (N) in the multisig."

• A step-by-step guide for setting up CCC is available here.

• Key Teleport for Q devices allows users to securely transfer sensitive data such as seed phrases (words, xprv), secure notes and passwords, and PSBTs for multisig. It uses QR codes or NFC, along with a helper website, to ensure reliable transmission, keeping your sensitive data protected throughout the process.

  • For more technical details, see the protocol spec.

"After you sign a multisig PSBT, you have option to “Key Teleport” the PSBT file to any one of the other signers in the wallet. We already have a shared pubkey with them, so the process is simple and does not require any action on their part in advance. Plus, starting in this firmware release, COLDCARD can finalize multisig transactions, so the last signer can publish the signed transaction via PushTX (NFC tap) to get it on the blockchain directly."

• Multisig transactions are finalized when sufficiently signed. It streamlines the use of PushTX with multisig wallets.
• Signing artifacts re-export to various media. Users are now provided with the capability to export signing products, like transactions or PSBTs, to alternative media rather than the original source. For example, if a PSBT is received through a QR code, it can be signed and saved onto an SD card if needed.
• Multisig export files are signed now. Public keys are encoded as P2PKH address for all multisg signature exports. Learn more about it here.
• NFC export usability upgrade: NFC keeps exporting until CANCEL/X is pressed.
• Added Bitcoin Safe option to Export Wallet.
• 10% performance improvement in USB upload speed for large files.
• Q: Always choose the biggest possible display size for QR.

Fixes

• Do not allow change Main PIN to same value already used as Trick PIN, even if Trick PIN is hidden.
• Fix stuck progress bar under Receiving... after a USB communications failure.
• Showing derivation path in Address Explorer for root key (m) showed double slash (//).
• Can restore developer backup with custom password other than 12 words format.
• Virtual Disk auto mode ignores already signed PSBTs (with “-signed” in file name).
• Virtual Disk auto mode stuck on “Reading…” screen sometimes.
• Finalization of foreign inputs from partial signatures. Thanks Christian Uebber!
• Temporary seed from COLDCARD backup failed to load stored multisig wallets.
• Destroy Seed also removes all Trick PINs from SE2.
• Lock Down Seed requires pressing confirm key (4) to execute.
• Q only: Only BBQr is allowed to export Coldcard, Core, and pretty descriptor.

Blog Post / Archive
GitHub Repo
CCC Guide
Key Teleport site

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

A história do Bitcoin é pontuada por marcos simbólicos que representam não apenas a evolução técnica da moeda digital, mas também sua trajetória rumo à legitimidade econômica e política. Neste artigo, revisitamos alguns dos momentos mais emblemáticos que marcaram a adoção do Bitcoin, desde seu uso inicial em uma simples transação até o seu reconhecimento como moeda oficial por nações soberanas.

A pizza mais cara da história

Em 22 de maio de 2010, Laszlo Hanyecz fez história ao pagar 10.000 BTC por duas pizzas. Na época, essa quantia equivalia a cerca de 40 dólares. Hoje, essas mesmas moedas valeriam centenas de milhões de dólares, tornando essa a refeição mais cara já registrada. Mais do que uma curiosidade, essa transação marcou a primeira vez em que o Bitcoin foi usado em uma troca comercial real, comprovando seu potencial como meio de pagamento.

Silk Road e o lado obscuro da adoção inicial

Ainda que controverso, o uso do Bitcoin no marketplace Silk Road mostrou ao mundo que a moeda digital era funcional como meio de troca em larga escala. A plataforma operou entre 2011 e 2013 e foi um catalisador para o desenvolvimento de infraestrutura em torno do BTC, apesar dos impactos negativos na imagem da criptomoeda.

Mt. Gox e a primeira grande crise

Em 2014, a corretora Mt. Gox, responsável por cerca de 70% das transações de Bitcoin no mundo, declarou falência após perder cerca de 850 mil BTC. O escândalo abalou a confiança no ecossistema, mas também deu início a um movimento de amadurecimento: a busca por melhores práticas de segurança, regulação e profissionalização do setor.

El Salvador e o reconhecimento oficial

Em setembro de 2021, El Salvador tornou-se o primeiro país a reconhecer o Bitcoin como moeda de curso legal. A medida, defendida pelo presidente Nayib Bukele, foi recebida com entusiasmo por entusiastas e com ceticismo por instituições financeiras internacionais. O experimento salvadorenho colocou o Bitcoin no centro do debate geopolítico e abriu precedentes para outras nações considerarem o mesmo caminho.

Resumindo, cada um desses momentos representa uma etapa distinta na evolução do Bitcoin: da experimentação à adoção institucional. Ao revisitarmos esses casos emblemáticos, conseguimos entender não apenas como o Bitcoin evoluiu tecnicamente, mas também como sua narrativa se consolidou como parte da história financeira contemporânea. Se a compra da pizza simbolizou o nascimento prático do BTC, o reconhecimento oficial por nações inteiras sugere um futuro em que a moeda digital pode ser protagonista em novas formas de organização econômica global.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Carl Rickertsen completely exits his position in Strategy as insiders sell $864 million worth of stock.

As reported by Protos, Carl Rickertsen, a member of Strategy’s board of directors, has fully liquidated his entire shareholding for over $10 million.

Rickertsen’s decision to completely exit his Strategy position marks a sharp shift from his previous investment stance. In 2022, the executive had shown confidence in the company by investing $700,000 in MSTR shares.

On June 13, 2022, Rickertsen purchased $608,000 worth of MSTR stock at $152 per share. Since then, the stock has rallied 152%. However, by 2023, the director had already sold half of his 4,000-share position.

Rickertsen’s approach to managing his holdings has become increasingly aggressive in recent years. Since joining the board in 2019, he has adopted a strategy of immediately liquidating any stock options received.

One example of this tactic occurred on June 2, when he acquired and sold 26,390 MSTR shares on the same day.

As of June 5 this year, Rickertsen reported zero vested Strategy shares, marking the end of his equity involvement with the company.

Rickertsen’s situation is not an isolated case within Strategy. Data from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reveals a controversial picture. According to information gathered by secform4.com, over the past five years, total insider sales have exceeded purchases by $864 million. This imbalance in insider transactions could raise questions about executives’ confidence in the company’s future.

The post Strategy director liquidates all his MSTR shares appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 39cc53c9:27168656

Read the original blog post

“The future is there... staring back at us. Trying to make sense of the fiction we will have become.” — William Gibson.

This month is the 4th anniversary of kycnot.me. Thank you for being here.

Fifteen years ago, Satoshi Nakamoto introduced Bitcoin, a peer-to-peer electronic cash system: a decentralized currency free from government and institutional control. Nakamoto's whitepaper showed a vision for a financial system based on trustless transactions, secured by cryptography. Some time forward and KYC (Know Your Customer), AML (Anti-Money Laundering), and CTF (Counter-Terrorism Financing) regulations started to come into play.

What a paradox: to engage with a system designed for decentralization, privacy, and independence, we are forced to give away our personal details. Using Bitcoin in the economy requires revealing your identity, not just to the party you interact with, but also to third parties who must track and report the interaction. You are forced to give sensitive data to entities you don't, can't, and shouldn't trust. Information can never be kept 100% safe; there's always a risk. Information is power, who knows about you has control over you.

Information asymmetry creates imbalances of power. When entities have detailed knowledge about individuals, they can manipulate, influence, or exploit this information to their advantage. The accumulation of personal data by corporations and governments enables extensive surveillances.

Such practices, moreover, exclude individuals from traditional economic systems if their documentation doesn't meet arbitrary standards, reinforcing a dystopian divide. Small businesses are similarly burdened by the costs of implementing these regulations, hindering free market competition^1:

How will they keep this information safe? Why do they need my identity? Why do they force businesses to enforce such regulations? It's always for your safety, to protect you from the "bad". Your life is perpetually in danger: terrorists, money launderers, villains... so the government steps in to save us.

‟Hush now, baby, baby, don't you cry Mamma's gonna make all of your nightmares come true Mamma's gonna put all of her fears into you Mamma's gonna keep you right here, under her wing She won't let you fly, but she might let you sing Mamma's gonna keep baby cosy and warm” — Mother, Pink Floyd

We must resist any attack on our privacy and freedom. To do this, we must collaborate.

If you have a service, refuse to ask for KYC; find a way. Accept cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Monero. Commit to circular economies. Remove the need to go through the FIAT system. People need fiat money to use most services, but we can change that.

If you're a user, donate to and prefer using services that accept such currencies. Encourage your friends to accept cryptocurrencies as well. Boycott FIAT system to the greatest extent you possibly can.

This may sound utopian, but it can be achieved. This movement can't be stopped. Go kick the hornet's nest.

“We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. We must come together and create systems which allow anonymous transactions to take place. People have been defending their own privacy for centuries with whispers, darkness, envelopes, closed doors, secret handshakes, and couriers. The technologies of the past did not allow for strong privacy, but electronic technologies do.” — Eric Hughes, A Cypherpunk's Manifesto

The anniversary

Four years ago, I began exploring ways to use crypto without KYC. I bookmarked a few favorite services and thought sharing them to the world might be useful. That was the first version of kycnot.me — a simple list of about 15 services. Since then, I've added services, rewritten it three times, and improved it to what it is now.

kycnot.me has remained 100% independent and 100% open source^2 all these years. I've received offers to buy the site, all of which I have declined and will continue to decline. It has been DDoS attacked many times, but we made it through. I have also rewritten the whole site almost once per year (three times in four years).

The code and scoring algorithm are open source (contributions are welcome) and I can't arbitrarly change a service's score without adding or removing attributes, making any arbitrary alterations obvious if they were fake. You can even see the score summary for any service's score.

I'm a one-person team, dedicating my free time to this project. I hope to keep doing so for many more years. Again, thank you for being part of this.

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

• This version introduces the Soroban P2P network, enabling Dojo to relay transactions to the Bitcoin network and share others' transactions to break the heuristic linking relaying nodes to transaction creators.

• Additionally, Dojo admins can now manage API keys in DMT with labels, status, and expiration, ideal for community Dojo providers like Dojobay. New API endpoints, including "/services" exposing Explorer, Soroban, and Indexer, have been added to aid wallet developers.
• Other maintenance updates include Bitcoin Core, Tor, Fulcrum, Node.js, plus an updated ban-knots script to disconnect inbound Knots nodes.

"I want to thank all the contributors. This again shows the power of true Free Software. I also want to thank everyone who donated to help Dojo development going. I truly appreciate it," said Still Dojo Coder.

What's new

• Soroban P2P network. For MyDojo (Docker setup) users, Soroban will be automatically installed as part of their Dojo. This integration allows Dojo to utilize the Soroban P2P network for various upcoming features and applications.
• PandoTx. PandoTx serves as a transaction transport layer. When your wallet sends a transaction to Dojo, it is relayed to a random Soroban node, which then forwards it to the Bitcoin network. It also enables your Soroban node to receive and relay transactions from others to the Bitcoin network and is designed to disrupt the assumption that a node relaying a transaction is closely linked to the person who initiated it.
  • Pushing transactions through Soroban can be deactivated by setting NODE_PANDOTX_PUSH=off in docker-node.conf.
  • Processing incoming transactions from Soroban network can be deactivated by setting NODE_PANDOTX_PROCESS=off in docker-node.conf.
• API key management has been introduced to address the growing number of people offering their Dojos to the community. Dojo admins can now access a new API management tab in their DMT, where they can create unlimited API keys, assign labels for easy identification, and set expiration dates for each key. This allows admins to avoid sharing their main API key and instead distribute specific keys to selected parties.
• New API endpoints. Several new API endpoints have been added to help API consumers develop features on Dojo more efficiently:
  • New:
    • /latest-block - returns data about latest block
    • /txout/:txid/:index - returns unspent output data
    • /support/services - returns info about services that Dojo exposes
  • Updated:
    • /tx/:txid - endpoint has been updated to return raw transaction with parameter ?rawHex=1
  • The new /support/services endpoint replaces the deprecated explorer field in the Dojo pairing payload. Although still present, API consumers should use this endpoint for explorer and other pairing data.

Other changes

• Updated ban script to disconnect inbound Knots nodes.
• Updated Fulcrum to v1.12.0.
• Regenerate Fulcrum certificate if expired.
• Check if transaction already exists in pushTx.
• Bump BTC-RPC Explorer.
• Bump Tor to v0.4.8.16, bump Snowflake.
• Updated Bitcoin Core to v29.0.
• Removed unnecessary middleware.
• Fixed DB update mechanism, added api_keys table.
• Add an option to use blocksdir config for bitcoin blocks directory.
• Removed deprecated configuration.
• Updated Node.js dependencies.
• Reconfigured container dependencies.
• Fix Snowflake git URL.
• Fix log path for testnet4.
• Use prebuilt addrindexrs binaries.
• Add instructions to migrate blockchain/fulcrum.
• Added pull policies.

#FREESAMOURAI

Learn how to set up and use your own Bitcoin privacy node with Dojo here.

Announcement / Archive
GitHub Repo

@ 52524fbb:ae4025dc

Gold mostly referred to as ultimate safe-haven asset amidst economic uncertainty or market makes investors desperately flock to it for stability. This traditional view scratches surface of gold's role barely in an increasingly complex global landscape interconnected precariously nowadays. Critical analysis reveals XAUUSD as a highly sensitive barometer of geopolitics. its price movements frequently mirroring the flow of tensions internationally. Astute traders unlock gold's full potential by recognizing an intricate relationship quietly beneath surface level market fluctuations daily.

Gold earns its safe haven label largely due to it's perceived ability of preserving wealth amidst faltering fiat currencies or traditional assets suddenly. This phenomenon persists remarkably during severe financial turmoil or episodes characterized by unusually high inflation rates nationwide. Apparently geopolitical events introduce a disparate dimension of risk not just economically but systemically affecting everything pretty badly. Major conflicts erupt suddenly between global powers and XAUUSD often reacts vigorously transcending risk aversion in turbulent geopolitical landscapes. It morphs into reflection of looming disruptions across global supply chains and potential sanctions amidst wildly fluctuating energy prices suddenly.

A sudden escalation of tensions might erupt pretty quickly in some critical oil producing region. Crude oil prices may react rapidly but XAUUSD will likely be impacted swiftly amidst sudden market fluctuations too. Rising oil prices spark inflation fears amidst murky global economic prospects and precarious possibilities of sprawling conflict severely impacting major economies. Gold acts as hedge against unknown terrors and facilitates flight to security palpably tangible when geopolitical landscape becomes rather unpredictably volatile. Gold's status as reserve asset for central banks adds another hefty layer of geopolitical sensitivity pretty much worldwide nowadays. Several central banks mostly in emerging markets have amped up gold reserves partly as diversification tactic away from US Dollar lately. Sovereign entities amass gold strategically in response to geopolitics and shifts in this trend heavily influence global demand and subsequently XAUUSD prices.

Traders leveraging gold as a barometer of geopolitical turmoil must integrate qualitative analysis into strategy very carefully nowadays. It entails vigilantly tracking news from abroad and scrutinizing statements made by diplomats and lofty declarations uttered by world leaders. Anticipating likely responses and understanding economic vulnerabilities of various nations involved can give one an edge potentially in complex situations. A surprise summit between rival nations might signify de-escalation potentially leading quickly to pull-back in gold while sudden military build-up elsewhere could signal opposite XAUUSD retains fundamental safe-haven characteristics yet its role as real-time gauge of global geopolitical risk becomes increasingly pronounced nowadays. Traders gain keen insights into murky market sentiment by watching gold's reaction to tumultuous global events and thereby concoct shrewd trading strategies. Gold ain't merely some flashy metal it's a luminous barometer of global equilibrium shining brightly amidst economic turmoil naturally..

@ 52524fbb:ae4025dc

EURUSD, which is a pair that shows the exchange rate between the Euro and the US Dollar, is arguably the most traded currency pair in the world. Its action the product not of economic announcements but rather a mix of incompatible monetary policies, contrasting economic thinking, and the political stability of two of the largest economic areas in the world - the Eurozone and the US. For traders, this backdrop is key to predicting price movements and containing exposure in this, heavily traded market.

Between European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve a very intricate tango unfolds quietly at the heart of EURUSD currency pair dynamics daily. These two central banks often diverge on monetary policy paths in response to their disparate economic conditions under price stability mandates. Interest rate differential largely drives EURUSD exchange rates heavily nowadays. US Dollar strengthens against Euro pretty quickly when Fed hikes interest rates but ECB keeps rates fairly low thereby attracting sizable capital inflows into US markets due to much higher yields available there. Euro can surge pretty quickly if ECB adopts hawkish stance signaling rate hikes or tightening quantitativelys relative to dovish Fed policy moves.

We can say for a fact that trading EURUSD is a sophisticated exercise in comparing and contrasting two major economies. Success hinges on a deep understanding of the divergent monetary policy stances of the ECB and the Fed, a continuous assessment of their respective economic health and growth prospects, and a keen awareness of the political landscape within the Eurozone. The interplay of these forces creates a constantly evolving environment for the world's most popular currency pair.

@ 93bfc86d:fc8e91f5

M of N 분산

이번 5월 BSL 컨퍼런스와 비트코인 서울 2025 컨퍼런스에서 펜락(Penlock) 프로젝트에 참여하고 있는 한 분을 만났다. 아마 이 분을 만난 한국인 분들이 더 있을 텐데, 현재는 익명을 원하시므로 프라이버시 보호를 위해 실명을 언급하는 것은 주의하는 것이 좋겠다.

키를 M of N으로 분산하는 방식 중 내가 알고 있는 건 멀티시그와 샤미르 분산이다.

멀티시그는 각자가 키를 생성하지만,

1. 스크립트 길이가 길어지고, 스크립트를 해시로 감싼다고 해도 일반 주소보다 길다.

2. 일반적인 P2MS는 공개키가 드러나므로 프라이버시 보장이 안 되고, P2SH로 감싸도 서명할 때 각자의 공개키가 드러난다(리딤 스크립트가 드러나므로).

이런 특징을 갖고 있다.

샤미르 분산은 하나의 키를 분산하는 방식이므로,

1. 키를 복원했을 때는 결국 하나의 키가 생성되므로 키가 복원되었을 때 보안에 매우 주의해야 한다.

2. 하지만 외부에서 볼 때는 어떤 방식으로 분할이 되었는지 알 수가 없으므로 프라이버시에 좋다.

이런 특징을 갖고 있다.

M of N은 회사에서의 권한 분산, 상속, 위험 지점 분산, 신뢰 지점 분산 등에 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 나는 멀티시그와 샤미르 분산이 둘 다 M of N을 구현하지만 그 특성이 약간 다르기 때문에 적합한 용처도 다르다고 생각한다. 만약 한 기업이 여러 이사진의 의사결정 과정에서 권한을 분산해야 한다면 멀티시그 방식이 훨씬 나을 것이다. 이사 각각이 서명하면 되기 때문이다. 여기다가 샤미르 분산을 쓴다면 이사 몇 명이 모여 키 하나를 생성했을 때 쪼개기 전의 원래 하나의 키가 생기므로 권한 분산에 차질이 생길 수 있다. 그 키를 갖는 사람이 갑자기 모든 권한을 가질 수 있게 되기 때문이다. 거꾸로 한 개인이 키를 백업하고자 하는데 키를 분실하거나 화재나 기타 재난 등의 이유로 파괴될 것에 대비하여 여러 장소에 분산하여 보관하고 싶다면 샤미르 분산이 더 적합할 것이다. 키 조각들을 합쳐서 원래 키가 생겼을 때 그 키는 어차피 한 개인이 쓰는 것이므로 권한 구조가 갑자기 한 곳으로 몰리는 것에 대해 걱정할 필요가 없기 때문이다.

그런데 샤미르 분산은 멀티시그보다 직관적이진 않은 것 같다. 멀티시그는 스크립트 구조를 보면 바로 어떤 구조인지 알 수 있다. 손으로 따라 쓸 수도 있는 수준이다. 하지만 트레저가 도입한 샤미르 분산인 SLIP-0039 같은 형식은 직관적이지가 않다. 일단 샤미르 분산이 다항함수를 통한 비밀 분산을 쓰는 원리라는 걸 이해해야 하고(키 조각이 부족하면 부정방정식이 되어서 복구 불가), 그걸 통해 복구하는 과정에서 사용하는 라그랑주 보간법이 인간이 손으로 계산하기에는 너무 어렵다. 키를 분할하고 복구하는 과정이 수학적인 함수 공간에서 정의되고, 사용자는 키 조각들만 보게 되므로 내부 구조에 대해 직관적으로 이해하기가 어렵다.

오프라인 손 계산과 직관적 이해

조금 다른 주제로 넘어가보자. 나는 기술의 사용자들이 그 기술을 '직관'적으로 이해할 수 있는 지가 매우 중요하다고 생각한다. 비트코인 경험에는 특히 '검증'이 중요한데 어떤 기술을 직관적으로 이해할 수 없다면 검증은 전문가들만의 전유물이 되기 때문이다.

예를 들어보자. 앨리스, 밥, 캐롤이 각각 니모닉을 만들었다.

1. 앨리스는 기계가 생성해준 니모닉을 사용한다. 기계는 SE칩 내부에 있는 전자의 브라운 운동 등을 엔트로피로 이용해 랜덤한 엔트로피를 생성했다. 하지만 앨리스는 이 사실을 모르고, 따라서 기계를 신뢰해야 한다. 앨리스는 기계가 생성해 준 엔트로피가 충분히 랜덤하고 안전하다고 "믿고 있다." 사실이 그런지 아닌지와는 별개로 말이다.

2. 밥은 주사위를 던져서 만든 니모닉을 사용한다. 하지만 주사위를 던졌을 때 나온 값이 어떻게 니모닉으로 변환되는지는 모른다. 기계는 주사위를 던져 나온 숫자를 유니코드 문자열로 인식하여 SHA256을 한 번 돌린 뒤, 그 해시값을 엔트로피로 사용한다. 밥은 자신이 직접 주사위를 던졌으므로 엔트로피가 랜덤하게 생성되었다는 것은 직관적으로 알지만, 그 숫자가 어떻게 니모닉으로 계산된 건지는 모른다.

3. 캐롤은 직접 동전을 던져 0, 1을 기록하고 자신이 직접 니모닉 표를 보며 니모닉을 대응시켰다. 따라서 캐롤은 자신이 사용하는 니모닉이 랜덤하다는 것도 이해하고 있으며, 랜덤한 엔트로피를 어떻게 니모닉에 대응시키는지도 알고 있다.

세 가지 경우 중 누가 니모닉에 대해 가장 잘 직관적으로 이해하고 있겠는가? 당연히 3번 캐롤이다. 이렇듯 오프라인에서 동전을 던져 직접 엔트로피를 생성하고, 표를 보며 손으로 직접 니모닉에 대응시키는 과정은 니모닉을 직관적으로 이해하는 데 매우 중요하다.

솔직히 3번의 경우도 완전히 신뢰 지점이 없진 않다. 왜냐하면... 니모닉의 체크썸을 계산하는 과정에서 해싱을 해야 하기 때문이다. 손으로 SHA256 함수를 계산할 수 있는 게 아니라면... 캐롤은 어떤 기계에게 체크섬 생성을 맡길 수밖에 없다. 그러면 적어도 그 과정에 대한 이해의 폭은 제한될 수밖에 없다.

오프라인에서 계산하는 경험들이 왜 직관적인 이해에 더 도움이 될까? 그 과정들을 자신이 온전히 통제하기 때문이다. 기계에 맡겨야 하는 순간에는 그 기계 안에서 무엇이 일어나는지 알 수 없으며 따라서 자신의 통제 밖에 있다.

펜락 프로젝트

서론이 길었다! 다시 샤미르 분산 이야기로 돌아오겠다. 샤미르 분산을 '손으로 계산'해 키 조각을 만들고, 키 조각들을 모아 다시 오프라인에서 '손으로 계산'해 하나로 만들 수 있을까? 거의 불가능에 가까울 것이다!

그런데 이번에 BSL 컨퍼런스에서 펜락 프로젝트에 참여하고 있는 한 분을 우연히 만나 인사를 나눴고, 며칠 뒤 있는 비트코인 서울 컨퍼런스에서 그 분이 나한테 선물을 주셨다. 바로... 아래 사진의 회전판이다. 직접 가위로 자르고 핀을 꽂는 것까지 봤다(컨퍼런스 강연 중에 뒷자리에서 가위로 자르고 있어서 웃음을 참을 수가 없었다ㅋㅋㅋ). 나는 이 귀엽고 조악한 회전판을 처음 봤을 때 이 위력에 대해 알지 못했다...

이 펜락 프로젝트 회전판은... 샤미르 분산처럼 하나의 키를 키 조각으로 나누고, 그 키 조각들을 오프라인에서 원래 키로 복구할 수 있게 만들어준다. 이게 작동하는 걸 처음 봤을 때 나는 정말 정말 x21 엄청나게 놀랐다.

사용 방법을 간단히 말해보자면, 메인 키(니모닉)가 있으면 니모닉 한 단어의 앞 4개 문자만 적는다(이유는 다들 아실 거라 생각... 니모닉은 앞 4글자가 겹치는 경우가 없기 때문). 그 다음에 두 숫자를 뽑는다. 1–32까지의 숫자 한 장, 그리고 1–32까지의 숫자인데 흰 동그라미/검은 동그라미 나눠져있는 걸로 한 장(그러면 총 64가지 경우일 것이다). 그러면 32*64 = 2,048가지 경우가 나온다. 그리고 체크섬을 표에서 찾아 적는데, 솔직히 추가 체크썸이 왜 필요한 건지는 아직 이해를 못했다. 진짜로 이 오프라인 과정을 해보며 생길 수 있는 오류를 잡기 위한 체크썸인 것으로 이해된다.

어쨌든 하이라이트는 지금부터인데... 자, 니모닉에서 'F'라는 단어가 있다고 해보자. 그러면 아래 사진처럼 눈금을 F에다 둔다. 그 다음 랜덤한 숫자를 뽑는다. 그렇게 뽑은 숫자가 22이라고 해보자. 그러면 회전판 내부에서 22, 23, 24에 있는 문자를 각각 아래에 적는다. 이게 키 조각이다... F가 ① V, ② P, ③ J 이렇게 세 가지 조각으로 분할 된 거다.

이제 세 개의 키 조각 ① V, ② P, ③ J로 키를 복구하는 상황을 생각해보자. 만약 ③번 키 조각인 J가 화재로 날아가버렸다. 2 of 3이니 그래도 키 조각이 두 개만 있어도 복구할 수 있다. ①번 키 조각인 V와, ②번 키 조각인 P를 조합해 키를 복구해보겠다. 그러면 회전판을 움직여... P가 V를 바라보게 하면 된다. 사진에서 빨간 박스로 표시한 부분이다. 그러면 큰 눈금이 원래 키인 F를 가리키게 된다. 정말 미쳤다! 만약, ②번 키 조각 P와, ③번 키 조각 J가 있다면 J가 P를 바라보게 하면 된다. 만약 ③번 키 조각 J와, ①번 키 조각 V로 키 복구를 시도한다면 J가 V를 바라보게 하고, 대신 ③번이 ①번을 바라보게 하는 것처럼 순환하는 상황에는 큰 눈금이 아니라 내부 1번 네모칸을 읽어야 한다.

펜락 회전판의 뒷면을 보면 이걸 어떻게 구현했는지 대강 알 수가 있다. 펜락 프로젝트는 반지름을 조금씩 다르게 하고, 회전 각도를 서로소인 두 숫자를 이용해 글자들이 겹치지 않도록 구현한 걸로 보인다. 말로 설명했지만, 직접 해봐야 "미쳤다!" 소리가 저절로 나온다. 이거 직접 해보면 ~비속어가 나올 정도로~ 놀란다. 정말로.

펜락 프로젝트는 오픈 소스라고 하고, 최고 개발자는 ganrama이다(사이트는 아직 베타라서 내용들이 채워지고 있는 걸로 보인다ㅎㅎ).

https://github.com/ganrama

https://beta.penlock.io/

나는 비트코인에서 나오는 프로젝트들을 일단 의심부터 하고 보는 편이다. 그런데 펜락은 직관적으로 다 이해가 되기 때문에 현재는 우려할만한 점이 생각나지 않는다. 비트코인 프로젝트들 중에는 편리함, 보안, 프라이버시 중 무언가를 희생시키고 그걸 교묘히 감추려고 하거나 비즈니스 모델을 만들다가 초기의 정신을 잊는 경우가 많다. 그런데 이 프로젝트는 그에 해당할 만한 게 없는 것 같아서 일단 의심의 눈초리를 거두고 응원한다. 내가 오프라인에서 직접 키를 분할해보고, 조합해본 경험이 너무 강렬하게 작용했기 때문인 것 같다. 펜락 대표 개발자가 올해 하반기에 기회가 된다면 한국에서도 소개하고 싶다고 하니 계속 관심을 갖고 지켜보려고 한다.

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

How do you look at the things in your life?

• Do you focus on your physical problems or do you look forward to your resurrection body in heaven?

• Do you spend your time trying to fix the corruption in government or do you spend your time trying to bring as many people as possible home to heaven?

• When you see someone suffering do you first pray for their physical healing or do you pray for their spiritual healing?

• Do you work to fit in with the people around you or do you work to become more Christ-like?

• Do you crave entertainment or do you crave biblical enrichment?

• Do you focus more on your citizenship here on earth or more on your eternal citizenship?

• Do you seek fellowship with the people of this world or do you seek fellowship with your Savior?

• Do you look at people’s faults and how they hurt you or do you look at their hurt and separation from God and seek to bring them to Jesus?

• Do you spend your time on work and entertainment or do you spend your time studying the word of God, praying to God, and telling others about God?

Do you have an earthly or an eternal perspective?

Physical or Spiritual Needs

Jesus always had an eternal perspective. This event is just one example.

One day He was teaching; and there were some Pharisees and teachers of the law sitting there, who had come from every village of Galilee and Judea and from Jerusalem; and the power of the Lord was present for Him to perform healing. And some men were carrying on a bed a man who was paralyzed; and they were trying to bring him in and to set him down in front of Him. But not finding any way to bring him in because of the crowd, they went up on the roof and let him down through the tiles with his stretcher, into the middle of the crowd, in front of Jesus. Seeing their faith, He said, “Friend, your sins are forgiven you.” The scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, “Who is this man who speaks blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?” But Jesus, aware of their reasonings, answered and said to them, “Why are you reasoning in your hearts? Which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins have been forgiven you,’ or to say, ‘Get up and walk’? But, so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins,”—He said to the paralytic—“I say to you, get up, and pick up your stretcher and go home.” (Luke 5:17-24) {emphasis mine}

In this familiar story a man who was paralyzed was brought to Jesus for healing. The paralytic’s friends worked so hard to get him physically healed that they hauled him up on the roof, dug through the roof, and lowered him down in front of Jesus. What was Jesus’s response? Jesus forgave the man’s sins. Every person there saw the man’s need to be able to walk, so he could take care of himself here on earth. Jesus saw the more important spiritual need and forgave his sins. After taking care of his eternal need, he also took care of his more earthly need and healed him physically.

Do you see people’s eternal need or do you just see their physical needs or worse, only see their earthly failings? Do you only see the hurt they are causing you or do you see the hurt they feel that comes from being separated from God?

Earthly or Heavenly Citizenship

I’ve been involved in politics for many years. I’ve been to precinct, county, state, and national conventions. I’ve written, debated, and defended political platforms and resolutions. I vote every election. All of that is good and useful, but is that where we are supposed to spend most of our time and effort? I’ve come to the conclusion that this is not what is most important.

For our citizenship is in heaven, from which also we eagerly wait for a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ; who will transform the body of our humble state into conformity with the body of His glory, by the exertion of the power that He has even to subject all things to Himself. (Philippians 3:20-21)

We are told that our citizenship is in heaven. The majority of our effort should be put into support of our heavenly citizenship, not our earthly citizenship. That doesn’t mean that we should let our earthly kingdom fall apart and turn away from God, but it does mean we should be more focused on turning hearts and minds to Jesus than we are with setting domestic laws. We should be more focused on worshipping God than supporting politicians.

Sadly I see too many Christians who focus on pushing the “Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag” than they do pushing loyalty to Jesus. I see too many Christians who put all of their effort into electing the “right” politician instead of pointing people to the real Savior. I see too many Christians who try to pass the “right” laws instead of reading the law of God. I see too many Christians who put all of their effort into changing people’s minds to the “right” party instead of changing hearts and minds for Christ.

Do you really seek the kingdom of God or are you only focused on your earthly nation? Do you spend more time trying to win people for your political party than you do trying to win people for Christ? Our primary focus should be on the Millennial Kingdom of Christ and on eternity in heaven with Jesus, not on our earthly country.

Yes, we are to be a light in the world and we should seek the good of our earthly nations, but sharing the gospel, living a life honoring to God, and doing everything within our power to draw people to Jesus should be our focus and where we put most of our effort.

And He came and preached peace to you who were far away, and peace to those who were near; for through Him we both have our access in one Spirit to the Father. So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints, and are of God’s household, having been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the corner stone, in whom the whole building, being fitted together, is growing into a holy temple in the Lord, in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling of God in the Spirit. (Ephesians 2:17-22)

The Hurt They Cause or the Hurt They Feel

People today are selfish and hurtful. Most people are trying to be the greatest victim which means they are accusing others of being abusers, tyrants, or haters. People are impolite, inconsiderate, and sometimes downright hateful. How do you respond?

Do you attack back when you are attacked? Are you rude back when you are treated rudely? Do you only see how others hurt you or can you see the hurt behind the hurtful behavior?

Most of the people who are striking out with hate and anger are truly hurting people. They have been taught that they are evolved pond scum and feel hopeless. They have been mistreated by other hurting people. They have been taught to be victims and to hate anyone who may not be a victim. Instead of feeling hate, we should feel compassion.

In Matthew 18:21-35 Jesus tells a parable of a master who forgives his slave of his debts, but then that slave does not show the same mercy to another who owes him much less. The slave is rebuked.

Then summoning him, his lord said to him, ‘You wicked slave, I forgave you all that debt because you pleaded with me. Should you not also have had mercy on your fellow slave, in the same way that I had mercy on you?’ (Matthew 18:32-33)

God loved us before we loved Him. Jesus forgave us far more than we can ever forgive others. After all Jesus did for us, we should be forgiving like He is. We should see other’s hurt and eternal destination and have compassion on them. Instead of treating them the way we were treated, we should treat them like Jesus treated us. We should seek their eternal good above our momentary comfort.

And He said to them, “Come away by yourselves to a secluded place and rest a while.” (For there were many people coming and going, and they did not even have time to eat.) They went away in the boat to a secluded place by themselves.

The people saw them going, and many recognized them and ran there together on foot from all the cities, and got there ahead of them. When Jesus went ashore, He saw a large crowd, and He felt compassion for them because they were like sheep without a shepherd; and He began to teach them many things. (Mark 6:31-34) {emphasis mine}

Just as Jesus had compassion for the crowd and their spiritual needs when He and His disciples had need of food and rest, in the same way we should sacrifice our egos to minister to the spiritual needs of those that may seem unlovable because of their eternal need.

May the Lord of Heaven help us to have an eternal perspective and to view everything and everyone with that eternal and spiritual perspective so we can faithfully serve Jesus and bring with us a plentiful harvest. May Jesus use us for His glory and for the eternal good of those around us.

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

Quando se fala em Bitcoin, é comum chama-lo de moeda digital ou "investimento especulativo". No entanto, uma das funções mais fundamentais e menos compreendidas do Bitcoin é a sua função como rede de liquidação. Para entender isso, vale compará-lo com os sistemas tradicionais de liquidação, como o SWIFT, e explorar como o Bitcoin oferece uma camada base de transferência de valor global, descentralizada e resistente à censura.

Antes de mais, explico a diferença entre liquidez e liquidação:

Liquidez refere-se à facilidade de converter um ativo em “dinheiro” sem perda de valor.

Liquidação é o processo de concluir uma transação (transferência real de valor entre partes).

SWIFT: a camada de comunicação do sistema financeiro tradicional

O sistema SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) é uma rede de comunicação entre bancos. Ele não movimenta dinheiro diretamente, mas envia mensagens padronizadas que instruem as instituições financeiras a realizarem transferências. O processo envolve diversos intermediários, é custoso, lento (podendo levar dias) e depende de confiança entre as partes e regulações locais.

Diferente do SWIFT, o Bitcoin é uma rede autossuficiente que permite a liquidação direta de valores entre duas partes, sem necessidade de intermediários. A cada bloco minerado, transações são validadas e registradas de forma imutável em uma base de dados global, transparente e segura: a blockchain.

Liquidação final: Assim que uma transação é confirmada por um número suficiente de blocos, ela é considerada final e irreversível.

Resistência à censura: Não há entidade central que possa impedir ou reverter uma transação válida.

Disponibilidade global: A rede está acessível 24 horas por dia, 7 dias por semana, em qualquer lugar do mundo com acesso à internet.

Assim como o ouro já serviu como base para sistemas monetários, o Bitcoin está se consolidando como uma camada base de valor digital. Essa base pode dar suporte a outras camadas, como:

Lightning Network, que permite transações quase instantâneas e com baixíssimas taxas;

Serviços financeiros tokenizados, que podem usar o Bitcoin como colateral ou meio de liquidação entre instituições.

Ao funcionar como uma rede de liquidação pública e neutra, o Bitcoin oferece uma alternativa ao sistema tradicional, que é fragmentado, fechado e baseado em confiança entre instituições.

Resumindo, mais do que um ativo especulativo, o Bitcoin está emergindo como uma infraestrutura financeira global. Como rede de liquidação, ele elimina intermediários, reduz custos, aumenta a segurança e democratiza o acesso à transferência de valor. Num mundo cada vez mais interconectado e digitalizado, compreender o papel do Bitcoin como camada base pode ser essencial para entender o futuro do dinheiro.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

Bitcoin, desde o seu surgimento em 2009, tem gerado uma variedade de histórias de sucesso e fracasso. Algumas dessas histórias são de pessoas que investiram cedo na criptomoeda e colheram os frutos de sua visão precoce, enquanto outras refletem os altos e baixos que caracterizam o mercado altamente volátil de Bitcoin. Ao longo dos anos, muitas dessas histórias tornaram-se emblemáticas, servindo tanto de inspiração quanto de alerta para quem entra nesse mercado.

Histórias de sucesso

O caso de Laszlo Hanyecz – A pizza de 10.000 Bitcoins Uma das histórias mais icônicas e, ao mesmo tempo, um exemplo do potencial e da volatilidade do Bitcoin, envolve Laszlo Hanyecz, um programador americano. Em 2010, Hanyecz pagou 10.000 bitcoins por duas pizzas. Na época, o valor das criptomoedas era tão baixo que essa transação passou despercebida, mas, em retrospectiva, os 10.000 bitcoins pagos por uma simples refeição valeriam centenas de milhões de dólares nos anos seguintes, quando o preço do Bitcoin disparou.

Essa história, muitas vezes citada, é um lembrete da enorme valorização do Bitcoin desde os seus primeiros dias. Embora Hanyecz não tenha ficado rico com essa transação, a história da "pizza de 10.000 bitcoins" tornou-se uma metáfora para o crescimento do Bitcoin, mostrando como uma pequena quantidade da moeda no início poderia ter mudado a vida de alguém para sempre.

O caso de Michael Saylor e a MicroStrategy no presente Michael Saylor, CEO da MicroStrategy, é outro exemplo de sucesso no mundo do Bitcoin. Em 2020, Saylor decidiu transformar a sua empresa numa das primeiras grandes corporações a investir pesadamente em Bitcoin, comprando mais de 100.000 bitcoins. A decisão foi inicialmente vista com ceticismo, mas ao longo do tempo, o preço do Bitcoin subiu consideravelmente, fazendo com que o investimento de Saylor se tornasse extremamente lucrativo. Para ele, o Bitcoin não era apenas um investimento especulativo, mas uma maneira de proteger a sua empresa da inflação e da desvalorização da moeda fiduciária.

Este caso é um exemplo de como uma aposta estratégica em Bitcoin pode resultar em grandes lucros para quem tem visão de longo prazo e confiança no potencial do ativo. A MicroStrategy tornou-se um dos maiores detentores de Bitcoin no mundo corporativo, e Saylor ganhou reconhecimento por ser um defensor do Bitcoin no mundo empresarial.

Histórias de fracasso

O caso de James Howells – O desaparecimento de 8.000 Bitcoins James Howells, um ex-empregado de TI de Gales, é um exemplo clássico de como a volatilidade e a negligência podem resultar em grandes perdas. Em 2013, Howells, que estava a minerar Bitcoin em casa, acumulou 8.000 bitcoins, que valiam cerca de 5.000 libras na época. Quando o mercado estava em queda, ele decidiu limpar o seu computador antigo e jogá-lo fora, sem perceber que os bitcoins estavam guardados em uma carteira digital nesse dispositivo.

Após a ascensão do preço do Bitcoin, Howells tentou recuperar o disco rígido, que estava enterrado numa lixeira em um aterro sanitário. Apesar das tentativas de convencer a cidade a permitir a escavação do aterro, o pedido foi negado, e ele nunca conseguiu recuperar os bitcoins. Este caso é um lembrete de como, sem a devida segurança e cuidado, até mesmo grandes fortunas podem ser perdidas no mundo das criptomoedas.

O colapso da Mt. Gox – A maior exchange de Bitcoin da história Uma das maiores histórias de fracasso envolvendo Bitcoin está relacionada à exchange Mt. Gox, uma plataforma de negociação de Bitcoin que, em 2014, faliu após alegadamente perder cerca de 850.000 bitcoins dos seus clientes, num valor superior a 450 milhões de dólares na época. A Mt. Gox foi, por um período, a maior exchange de Bitcoin do mundo, mas a sua falência foi um marco negativo na história do Bitcoin.

A falência da Mt. Gox foi causada por uma combinação de hacking, erros internos de segurança e má gestão. Embora alguns dos bitcoins perdidos tenham sido recuperados mais tarde, muitos investidores ficaram devastados pela perda dos seus fundos. Este incidente trouxe à tona a importância da segurança nas exchanges de Bitcoin e da responsabilidade das plataformas financeiras no manejo das criptomoedas de seus clientes.

O impacto da volatilidade e da adoção no mercado

As histórias de sucesso e fracasso envolvendo Bitcoin não são apenas anedotas, mas refletem a natureza imprevisível e arriscada do mercado de criptomoedas. O preço de Bitcoin pode flutuar drasticamente, o que significa que investidores podem tanto fazer grandes fortunas quanto sofrer grandes perdas. Enquanto alguns vêem Bitcoin como uma forma de alcançar a liberdade financeira e proteger-se contra a inflação, outros enfrentam o risco de perder tudo, como demonstrado pelos casos de fracasso.

A adoção crescente de Bitcoin em mercados emergentes, bem como a entrada de investidores institucionais, como a MicroStrategy e o próprio Elon Musk, são indicativos de que o Bitcoin está a ser cada vez mais reconhecido como uma alternativa legítima ao sistema financeiro tradicional. No entanto, as falências de exchanges e as perdas de grandes quantidades de Bitcoin destacam a necessidade de uma abordagem prudente e de uma infraestrutura mais robusta para garantir a segurança e a confiança dos utilizadores.

Resumindo, as histórias de sucesso e fracasso em torno do Bitcoin são um reflexo da natureza volátil e emergente desta moeda digital. Enquanto alguns ganharam milhões, outros perderam fortunas devido à falta de precaução, erros de gestão ou simplesmente pelo preço imprevisível da criptomoeda. Através destas histórias, fica claro que, embora o Bitcoin tenha o potencial de gerar grandes recompensas, ele também apresenta riscos significativos. Para aqueles que entram nesse mercado, é crucial estar preparado e consciente dos desafios que podem surgir, garantindo segurança e adotando uma estratégia de longo prazo para lidar com as incertezas e volatilidade do mercado.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ 3c389c8f:7a2eff7f

Nostr's first algorithmic relay feed, was introduced by prolific Nostr user, builder, and supporter, utxo the webmaster and the Bitvora team. This idea takes control of your algorithms away from 3rd parties and puts it directly in the user's hands. The system was designed to give readers the ability to choose who and what they want to see in their Nostr feed, and at what frequency, while also encouraging discovery of new and interesting content. The design keeps in mind that users may not want to see posts that are inflammatory or contentious like ad-driven algorithms assume, but ones that simply generate interesting conversations. On top of that, it is also clearly designed to incentivize users to spend time offline and still keeping up with things that are important to them online.

After playing with the various settings, I have been pleasantly surprised with how well it works. To set up your individualized algo relay feed, you simply visit the landing page and sign in with your signer of choice. You will first be presented with some information about your network and the authors you interact with the most. This is a neat little bonus to me. I can clearly see the profiles that provide me with value, whether it be through learning, friendship, or professional (whatever that means). It gives me a good feeling to see who has been worthy of my attention, and I imagine if I were one to engage in defensive online discussions, the presentation of these authors might make me take a second look at my own behavior. Maybe the idea of anyone else doing that is a pipedream, but I like the thought. Just beyond the network information are some insightful statistics about the ways you engage online, like how often you post and reply.

Towards the bottom of the page are your actual settings:

As you can see, there are a variety of settings that all will impact the way that your personalized feed is built. Simply make some adjustments that feel right for you and click save. Your personalized algorithm feed will be available to you in any client that enables relay browsing, like Jumble and Coracle. It is worth trying out a couple of different formulas, as they are quite effective. Once you find a balance that feels right, you can just save the relay as a favorite for easy access, and basically forget about it. They relay will keep your settings to build your personalized Nostr feed whenever you connect. If at any time you need a change, just revisit the page and make your adjustments. The software is open source, making it possible to host your own for yourself and your friends.

I have found a lot of interesting content and people through the Nostr AlgoRelay. My first few settings adjustments didn't quite suit what I was looking for, but a few tweaks brought forth notes from some of my favorite people that I had missed but not stuff that was really outdated, a few notes from popular figureheads, and some things that my friends were engaging with that I did not know about prior. I highly recommend giving it a try, beyond a quick glance. The true value of this relay grows in time, as you go about life and come back to visit your Nostr world.

@ 52524fbb:ae4025dc

Bitcoin (BTCUSD), commonly called "digital gold," has turned the financial universe on its head in just a decade, emerging as a new alternative to the traditional store of value. And the story that was created out of its low supply and lack of a central authority is a major contributor to its price moves vs USD. But there is much more to the relationship than that; it is a complex dance between developing narratives, macroeconomic factors, and the inherent properties of a fledgling asset class trying to find its footing in an established financial world.

The story of Bitcoin as “digital gold” went to an extreme during peak inflation fear and economic uncertainty, when gold plays its part as an inflation hedge. Its advocates maintain that Bitcoin’s 21 million coin supply, its programmed deflation with the halving events and its distance from central bank control, has made it a better store of value in a time of exceptional fiat currency expansion. This story has a direct impact on BTCUSD, as some investors seeking to "hedge" against devaluing of the US Dollar, typically buy Bitcoin, and increase demand (and therefore price).

To sum it up, trading BTCUSD needs not only conducting technical analysis but also a very sharp understanding of the current narratives and emotions of the market and implementing the news from the macroeconomic situation to this new asset changes. Bitcoin is still in the process of discovery of its final purpose in the world of finance, going back and forth between a speculative tech asset, a disruptive financial innovation, and a clean and sincere candidate for the title of "digital gold." The inter-relationship with traditional fiat currencies such as the US Dollar, which is at the base of the mixture of economic realities and charming, changing stories, is still a fascinating area for traders to explore as it will remain so in the future.

@ 73d8a0c3:c1853717

[The following contains two excerpts from my Research/Novel/Expose on Redacted Science. I’m not a scientist. I’m a Chemical Engineer and data architect of 30 years. But this is real science, and someone made it go away. I wouldn’t have found it, except for.. well, you’ll have to read the research (still writing, but basically have 90% of the science explained)]

This is about how biology breaks down when pushed beyond design — and how some systems fight to keep going anyway. It has implications for:

• critical care medicine

• post-viral syndromes

• metabolic disease

• aging

• neuroinflammation

• psychiatric conditions (ADHD, depression, anxiety)

• and maybe even AI alignment (in how systems retain integrity under corrupt inputs)

We expect fungal research — especially around long-term host adaptations and stealth co-evolution — to become a major field of study. Why? Because all these chemical are making me live even when every organ in my body is not working the way it is supposed to work. Every Single One. What appears fringe today may soon be foundational. This isn't just about pathogens. It's about how biological, immunological, and behavioral systems interact under persistent pressure — including possible symbiosis, crowding effects, and neurological modulation.

Finding out what is and what is not going on is what science is about. Someone decided otherwise.

[Your Move]

What If?? [Theoretical Musing — basically, this is no longer a zero percent chance] • What if Candida albicans isn’t just a pathogen, but a legacy co-evolutionary organism — one that historically regulated population density, behavior, and reproduction during times of scarcity?

• What if the pituitary evolved in direct response to its influence — not just to manage reproduction, but to insulate cognition from fungal manipulation?

• What if its connection to cannabinoids, dopamine, and hunger isn’t accidental — but a chemical dialogue that shaped our very instincts?

• What if the rise in modern autoimmune, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative conditions is a side effect of our disrupted balance with fungal cohabitants?

• What if the “zombie” analogy isn’t hyperbole — but a primitive warning system encoded in our myths, whispering about a very real form of behavioral control?

These are speculative. But they are now in the non-zero zone.

And history has a pattern: first ridicule, then resistance, then recognition.

[You see, the coolest thing about this is that I am the proof. No getting out of it] [The even cooler thing is you made me, in a way. Even though I did do this to myself. You gave me a mind that wouldn't let go and just enough information to track it all down.]

This is what happens when you don’t give up.

When your organs stop working the way they’re supposed to — and something else takes over. Something old. Something hidden. Something that adapts.

This isn't just about illness anymore. It's about systems — biological, chemical, behavioral — pushed beyond design. And yet, somehow, still running.

That’s the mystery. That’s the threat. That’s the message.

We now live in a world where science is selected, symptoms are dismissed, and adaptation itself is misdiagnosed. But what if the system that kept me alive is one we were never meant to survive? What if it’s not just me?

What if the pathogen was the backup plan?

If you’ve read this far, you already know: I’m not asking for your permission. I’m not asking for your diagnosis.

I’m laying out the board.

Your move.

[Checkmate]

🕳️ #science #nostr #candida #aiAlignment #medicalmystery #buriedtruth

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• RoboSats v0.7.7-alpha is now available!

NOTE: "This version of clients is not compatible with older versions of coordinators. Coordinators must upgrade first, make sure you don't upgrade your client while this is marked as pre-release."

• This version brings a new and improved coordinators view with reviews signed both by the robot and the coordinator, adds market price sources in coordinator profiles, shows a correct warning for canceling non-taken orders after a payment attempt, adds Uzbek sum currency, and includes package library updates for coordinators.

Source: RoboSats.

• siggy47 is writing daily RoboSats activity reviews on stacker.news. Check them out here.
• Stay up-to-date with RoboSats on Nostr.

What's new

• New coordinators view (see the picture above).
• Available coordinator reviews signed by both the robot and the coordinator.
• Coordinators now display market price sources in their profiles.

Source: RoboSats.

• Fix for wrong message on cancel button when taking an order. Users are now warned if they try to cancel a non taken order after a payment attempt.
• Uzbek sum currency now available.
• For coordinators: library updates.
• Add docker frontend (#1861).
• Add order review token (#1869).
• Add UZS migration (#1875).
• Fixed tests review (#1878).
• Nostr pubkey for Robot (#1887).

New contributors

• @hexlorn made their first contribution in #1858.
• @umk0m1qk made their first contribution in #1864.

Full Changelog: v0.7.6-alpha...v0.7.7-alpha

GitHub Repo

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

Bitcoin, desde o seu lançamento em 2009, tem atraído a atenção de diversos investidores e visionários que acreditam no seu potencial para revolucionar o sistema financeiro global. Ao longo dos anos, várias figuras se destacaram no movimento em torno da criptomoeda, seja como pioneiros que ajudaram a fundá-la, ou como investidores que apostaram no seu futuro. Estes indivíduos desempenharam papéis cruciais no desenvolvimento do Bitcoin, na sua adoção crescente e na sua legitimação no mercado financeiro.

Satoshi Nakamoto

O maior pioneiro do Bitcoin é, sem dúvida, o seu criador, Satoshi Nakamoto. Embora o nome seja um pseudónimo, a sua contribuição para a criação e lançamento do Bitcoin foi fundamental. Em 2008, Nakamoto publicou o famoso whitepaper intitulado "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", detalhando a ideia de uma moeda digital descentralizada que poderia operar sem a necessidade de uma autoridade central, como um banco. Em 2009, ele lançou o software Bitcoin e minerou o primeiro bloco da blockchain, conhecido como "bloco gênese".

Satoshi Nakamoto permaneceu uma figura misteriosa, nunca revelando a sua verdadeira identidade. Ele foi responsável pelo desenvolvimento inicial do protocolo, mas desapareceu gradualmente da cena pública por volta de 2011, deixando o projeto nas mãos de uma comunidade crescente de desenvolvedores. A sua identidade permanece desconhecida até hoje, mas o seu impacto na criação de uma nova era digital é inegável.

Hal Finney

Hal Finney foi um dos primeiros colaboradores de Nakamoto e é amplamente reconhecido como o primeiro a receber uma transação de Bitcoin. Em janeiro de 2009, Finney recebeu 10 bitcoins de Nakamoto como parte de um teste de transação, tornando-se uma das primeiras pessoas a acreditar no projeto. Finney, que era um programador e investigador de segurança, desempenhou um papel importante no desenvolvimento técnico do Bitcoin e ajudou a popularizá-lo nas suas primeiras fases.

Finney foi uma figura respeitada na comunidade de criptografia e um defensor do movimento de descentralização digital. Ele continuou a apoiar o Bitcoin até sua morte, em 2014, e é lembrado como um dos maiores pioneiros da moeda digital.

Roger Ver

Roger Ver, conhecido como o "Bitcoin Jesus", foi um dos primeiros investidores e “evangelistas” do Bitcoin. Ver ficou fascinado com o conceito de uma moeda descentralizada e investiu cedo em vários projetos relacionados ao Bitcoin. Ele foi um dos primeiros a reconhecer o potencial disruptivo do Bitcoin, defendendo a sua adoção global e promovendo o seu uso como meio de pagamento.

Ver também foi uma das figuras centrais na criação de empresas e iniciativas que ajudaram a impulsionar o ecossistema Bitcoin. Embora tenha sido uma figura polêmica, devido às suas opiniões fortes sobre a escalabilidade do Bitcoin, e tenha se afastado da blockchain original do Bitcoin em favor do Bitcoin Cash, sua contribuição para a popularização da moeda é inegável.

Tim Draper

Tim Draper é um dos investidores mais conhecidos no espaço do Bitcoin e um defensor da sua adoção em larga escala. Em 2014, Draper comprou quase 30.000 bitcoins, que foram apreendidos pelo governo dos Estados Unidos em uma operação contra o mercado Silk Road. Draper fez essa compra por cerca de 19 milhões de dólares, e ele tem sido uma figura-chave na promoção do Bitcoin como uma alternativa viável às moedas fiduciárias.

Draper, um investidor de risco de renome e fundador da Draper Associates, é conhecido por sua visão de longo prazo e pela sua confiança na ascensão das criptomoedas. Ele tem defendido o Bitcoin como uma ferramenta para democratizar o acesso ao dinheiro e acredita que a adoção do Bitcoin vai crescer exponencialmente nos próximos anos.

Michael Saylor

Michael Saylor, CEO da MicroStrategy, é uma figura importante na adoção institucional do Bitcoin. Em 2020, Saylor fez uma aposta significativa ao comprar mais de 100.000 bitcoins para a sua empresa, transformando-a na primeira companhia pública a ter Bitcoin como reserva de valor no seu balanço. Saylor tem defendido publicamente o Bitcoin como uma proteção contra a inflação e uma alternativa mais segura ao dinheiro fiduciário. A sua aposta ajudou a legitimar o Bitcoin no mundo corporativo e inspirou outras empresas a seguir o seu exemplo.

A sua posição em relação ao Bitcoin tem sido clara: ele acredita que o futuro financeiro do mundo está no Bitcoin, e a sua empresa serve como um exemplo para outras grandes corporações a adotarem a moeda digital.

Resumindo, os pioneiros e investidores que contribuíram para o crescimento e a difusão do Bitcoin desempenharam papéis vitais na evolução desta tecnologia disruptiva. Desde o misterioso Satoshi Nakamoto até figuras como Hal Finney, Roger Ver, Tim Draper e Michael Saylor, o Bitcoin tem sido moldado por pessoas com uma visão única sobre o futuro do dinheiro e da liberdade financeira. Através da sua perseverança e crença no potencial do Bitcoin, esses indivíduos ajudaram a estabelecer as bases para a adoção global da moeda digital, transformando-a de uma ideia inovadora em uma força revolucionária no sistema financeiro. O futuro do Bitcoin dependerá, em grande parte, da continuidade da sua evolução e da adoção por mais pessoas e instituições, mas é indiscutível que os pioneiros e investidores desempenharam um papel fundamental na sua ascensão.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• Version 1.3 of Bitcoin Safe introduces a redesigned interactive chart, quick receive feature, updated icons, a mempool preview window, support for Child Pays For Parent (CPFP) and testnet4, preconfigured testnet demo wallets, as well as various bug fixes and improvements.

• Upcoming updates for Bitcoin Safe include Compact Block Filters.

"Compact Block Filters increase the network privacy dramatically, since you're not asking an electrum server to give you your transactions. They are a little slower than electrum servers. For a savings wallet like Bitcoin Safe this should be OK," writes the project's developer Andreas Griffin.

• Learn more about the current and upcoming features of Bitcoin Safe wallet here.

What's new in v1.3

• Redesign of Chart, Quick Receive, Icons, and Mempool Preview (by @design-rrr).
• Interactive chart. Clicking on it now jumps to transaction, and selected transactions are now highlighted.

• Speed up transactions with Child Pays For Parent (CPFP).
• BDK 1.2 (upgraded from 0.32).
• Testnet4 support.
• Preconfigured Testnet demo wallets.
• Cluster unconfirmed transactions so that parents/children are next to each other.
• Customizable columns for all tables (optional view: Txid, Address index, and more)
• Bug fixes and other improvements.

Announcement / Archive
Blog Post / Archive
GitHub Repo
Website

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

A new study by Kraken reveals how cryptocurrency investors perceive security as the main challenge in self-managing their digital assets.

According to The Block, a recent survey conducted by crypto exchange Kraken found that nearly half of respondents consider themselves the primary risk factor for their own crypto security. The research, which surveyed 789 participants, highlights that 48% of users see their own actions as the greatest threat to their investments in digital assets, surpassing concerns about external theft or fraud.

Kraken’s report underlines how personal responsibility in security management forces users to take full control of their digital funds. However, the study suggests that this autonomy can also become a source of anxiety for many investors.

Nick Percoco, Chief Security Officer at Kraken, commented on the findings, noting that “a lack of confidence in personal crypto security is capping the growth of the industry.” According to Percoco, unlocking the full potential of cryptocurrencies will require users to embrace self-custody and consistently invest in strong security habits.

Technologies to strengthen security

Despite the concerns highlighted in the study, 31% of participants expressed optimism about future technologies that could improve crypto security. Among the most promising solutions identified:

• advanced biometric systems for user authentication;
• multi-factor authentication to secure wallet access;
• AI-based fraud detection systems to prevent attacks.

Data and case studies

Kraken’s research emerges in a context where security threats remain a pressing reality. FBI data shows that in 2024, nearly 150,000 reports of crypto-related internet fraud resulted in $9.3 billion in losses. Older users, particularly those over 60, proved especially vulnerable, accounting for $3 billion in crypto-related financial fraud losses on their own.

The post Kraken study: 48% of users fear themselves in managing and securing their funds appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

เครื่องดื่ม Tang ไม่ได้ถือกำเนิดมาบนดาวอังคาร แต่กลับโด่งดังเพราะคนที่ไปใกล้ดาวอังคารที่สุดในยุคนั้นต่างดื่มมันแทนน้ำผลไม้...ใช่แล้วจ้ะ เรากำลังพูดถึง "NASA" และภารกิจอวกาศที่เปลี่ยน Tang จากเครื่องดื่มสังเคราะห์ธรรมดา ให้กลายเป็นไอคอนของอนาคต ที่บางครั้ง...ดูดีเกินกว่าความจริง

ย้อนกลับไปปี 1957 สหรัฐฯ กำลังแข่งขันในสงครามอวกาศกับโซเวียต บริษัท General Foods (ถ้าจำได้บริษัทนี้เขาผลิต ซีเรียล Grape-Nuts โดย Charles William Post หรือ C.W. Post ชายหนุ่มที่เคยเข้ารับการรักษาตัวที่ Battle Creek Sanitarium ของหมอ John Harvey Kellogg นั่นไงครับ) บริษัทนี้เป็นผู้ผลิต Tang ได้พัฒนาเครื่องดื่มผงสังเคราะห์นี้ขึ้นมาในปี 1957 โดยนักเคมีชื่อ William A. Mitchell ซึ่งเขาไม่ได้แค่คิดค้น Tang เท่านั้น แต่เขายังคิดค้น Cool Whip, Pop Rocks, Jell-O ที่เซ็ตตัวเร็ว, ไข่ขาวผง และผลิตภัณฑ์ทดแทนมันสำปะหลังยอดนิยม รวมถึงผลิตภัณฑ์อื่นๆ อีกมากมาย (รวมสิทธิบัตรทั้งหมด 70 ฉบับ) แต่ละตัวนี่ทุกวันนี้ยังขายในซุปเปอร์อยู่เลยครับ ผลิตภัณฑ์หลักชิ้นแรกที่มิตเชลล์คิดค้นคือผลิตภัณฑ์ทดแทนมันสำปะหลังซึ่งได้รับการพัฒนาเพื่อหลีกเลี่ยงการขาดแคลนมันสำปะหลังอันเป็นผลจากสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 ซึ่งเป็นเหตุผลว่าทำไมมันสำปะหลังจึงบางครั้งถูกเรียกว่า “Mitchell’s Mud”

Tang นั้นตอนแรกกลับขายไม่ค่อยออก เพราะคนยุคนั้นยังเชื่อใน “น้ำส้มสด” ที่บีบจากผลไม้มากกว่าอะไรที่ชงจากผง แน่นอนมันเหมือนที่ทุกวันนี้เราพร่ำบอกว่า "ฉันเลือกอาหารธรรมชาติ" นั่นแหละครับ แทบไม่ต่างกันเลย

จนกระทั่ง NASA เข้ามา

ปี 1962 องค์การ NASA ต้องเผชิญปัญหาใหญ่ที่คนทั่วไปนึกไม่ถึง นั่นคือ น้ำในอวกาศรสชาติ “แย่มาก” เพราะระบบกรองน้ำรีไซเคิลทำให้น้ำมีรสโลหะอ่อนๆ ปนน้ำยาฆ่าเชื้อ จะให้มนุษย์อวกาศดื่มแบบนั้นทุกวันคงทำให้ภารกิจเสียสมาธิได้ง่ายกว่าการหลุดวงโคจรเสียอีก

นั่นคือจุดที่ Tang ถูกนำมาใช้ครั้งแรกโดย John Glenn ในภารกิจ Mercury-Atlas 6 ซึ่ง Tang ถูกเพิ่มไว้ในเมนูของภารกิจ Mercury ของ John Glenn ในปี 1962 ซึ่งเขาได้โคจรไปรอบโลกและทำการทดลองรับประทานอาหารในอวกาศ Mercury-Atlas 6 เป็นภารกิจที่ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญเกี่ยวกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางกายภาพของมนุษย์เมื่ออยู่ในสภาวะไร้น้ำหนัก ภารกิจนี้ช่วยสร้างความมั่นใจให้กับ NASA ว่าเทคโนโลยีของตนพร้อมก้าวต่อไปสู่ภารกิจที่ซับซ้อนยิ่งขึ้น นำไปสู่ โครงการ Gemini และ โครงการ Apollo ตามลำดับ

เมื่อ NASA ตัดสินใจเติมผง Tang ลงในน้ำเพื่อปรับรสชาติให้น่าดื่มขึ้น กลายเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของการตลาดที่แทบจะ “ยึดโลก” ได้ในชั่วข้ามคืน เพราะหลังภารกิจนั้น Tang โฆษณาโดยใช้คำว่า “เครื่องดื่มที่นักบินอวกาศดื่มจริง” เห็นไหมครับว่านั่นแหละคือพลังของวาทกรรม

ทีนี้หล่ะพี่เอ้ยยยย เด็กๆ แห่กันดื่ม Tang กันทั่วอเมริกา เพราะรู้สึกว่าการชงน้ำส้มผงในบ้านทำให้ตัวเองเข้าใกล้ดวงจันทร์ได้สักนิด ผู้ปกครองก็สบายใจ เพราะฉลากเขียนว่ามีวิตามิน C และ “ไม่ต้องแช่เย็น” เหมาะกับยุคโมเดิร์นที่ตู้เย็นก็ยังแพงอยู่ ใครจะไปนั่งทำน้ำส้มคั้นกันให้ลำบาก เห็นไหมครับว่าวัฒนธรรมการพึ่งพา “อาหารสำเร็จรูปเพื่ออนาคต” ก็เริ่มตั้งไข่จากตรงนี้อีกจุดนึง

ถ้าหากเราลองส่องลึกลงไปในสูตรของ Tang จะพบว่ามันคือของผสมของ น้ำตาล, กลิ่นแต่งสังเคราะห์, วิตามิน C ที่เติมเข้าไปภายหลัง และกรดซิตริกเพื่อเลียนแบบความเปรี้ยวของผลไม้ เรียกง่ายๆ ว่า “ไม่มีอะไรที่่ได้คุณค่าแบบส้มธรรมชาติเลย” ยกเว้นจินตนาการ

ถึงกระนั้น ผู้บริโภคก็ไม่ได้โวยวายอะไรแถมยังโห่ร้องตอบรับ Tang เป็นอย่างดี เพราะอิทธิพลของ NASA ทำให้คนรู้สึกว่า "ต้องดีแน่ๆ ถ้าแม้แต่ NASA ยังใช้" แม้ว่า NASA เองจะไม่เคยพูดว่า Tang ดีต่อสุขภาพและมันเป็นเครื่องมือชั่วคราวเพื่อทำให้น้ำดื่มได้ ไม่ได้ใช้เพราะว่า Tang ดีกว่าน้ำส้ม...แต่นั่นแหละ ความเงียบของ NASA ถูกตลาดตีความจนเกินจริงไป เพราะการไม่ปฎิเสธนั่นหมายถึงการตอบรับ การตลาดและผู้บริโภคจึงตีความไปในทางเดียวกันว่า มันวิเศษกว่าส้มธรรมดา เพราะมันคือเครื่องดื่มระดับอวกาศเลือกใช้

หลายปีต่อมา เมื่อนักโภชนาการหลายคนเริ่มออกมาเตือนว่า Tang คือน้ำตาลล้วน ไม่มีเส้นใย ไม่มีประโยชน์ใดที่เทียบได้กับผลไม้จริง ผู้ผลิตก็หันมาใส่ "วิตามินเสริม" เพิ่มอีกให้แทนเพื่อล้างภาพลักษณ์เดิมประมาณว่า อ่ะอยากได้วิตามินอะไรเราเติมให้เทผสมในสูตร กลายเป็นสคริปต์ซ้ำของอาหารยุค “อาหารอนาคตปลอม” ที่เอาสารอาหารเดี่ยวๆ มาเติมแล้วโฆษณาว่า “เหมือนธรรมชาติ” หรือดีกว่าเสียอีก

เราอ่านถึงตรงนี้ก็ไม่ต้องตลกหรือขำเลยครับ หันมามองอาหารปัจจุบัน ของบางอย่างมีวิตามินสูงเพราะเทวิตามินผงลงไปผสม เช่นนมพืชต่างๆ ที่อยู่ดีๆก็มีวิตามินระดับซุปเปอร์ฟู้ดขึ้นมาเฉยเลย หรือแม้แต่พืชบางชนิดที่อุ้มน้ำได้ดี ก็มีวิตามินสูงระดับหลายสิบถึงร้อยเท่าของธรรมชาติของมัน ด้วยการเติมวิตามินลงไปในอาหารพืช ที่เพาะเลี้ยงกัน และยิ่งถ้ามองแบบเตรียมพร้อมไปถึงอนาคต อยู่ที่ใครแล้วครับว่าจะมองเห็นใส้ในของอาหารเหล่านี้ไหม เชื่อไหมว่าหลายต่อหลายคนมองว่ามันดี มันงาม มันซุปเปอร์ฟู้ด แล้วหันกลับไปมอง Tang ครับ อดีตมันเคยเป็น Super Orange Juice มาก่อน แล้ววันนี้คุณตลกกับมันไหม? แล้วคุณตลกกับวันนี้ไหม? แล้วคุณตลกกับอนาคตที่กำลังจะมาไหม? นั่นคือคำตอบที่คุณต้องเอาภาพร่างเหล่านี้ มาวางทับกัน แล้วตั้งคำถามกับซุปเปอร์ฟู้ดหรือฟิวเจอร์ฟู้ด ที่คุณกำลังเทิดทูนว่า "ดีต่อสุขภาพ" แล้วไหม?

Tang คือผลผลิตของยุคที่ความสะดวก = ความดี และความโมเดิร์น = ความน่าเชื่อถือ เราจึงเห็นว่าสิ่งที่เคยเกิดขึ้นกับซีเรียล, นม, หรือแม้แต่ Spam ก็ล้วนมีแก่นเดียวกันคือ "ทำให้ง่ายขึ้น ถูกลง เก็บได้นานขึ้น แล้วสร้างภาพว่าเหนือกว่าของเดิม"

Tang ไม่ใช่ผู้ร้าย แต่มันคือตัวละครสำคัญในยุคที่วิทยาศาสตร์กลายเป็นเครื่องมือของตลาด ไม่ใช่เพื่อค้นหาความจริง แต่เพื่อผลิตความรู้สึกปลอดภัยแบบสังเคราะห์ให้กับสังคม

และทั้งหมดนี้...เริ่มจากความพยายามทำให้น้ำอวกาศดื่มได้ ไม่มีกลิ่นเหล็กๆ เท่านั้นเอง

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

DTails é uma ferramenta que facilita a inclusão de aplicativos em imagens de sistemas live baseados em Debian, como o Tails. Com ela, você pode personalizar sua imagem adicionando os softwares que realmente precisa — tudo de forma simples, transparente e sob seu controle total.

⚠️ DTails não é uma distribuição. É uma ferramenta de remasterização de imagens live.

Ela permite incluir softwares como:

✅ SimpleX Chat ✅ Clientes Nostr Web (Snort & Iris) ✅ Sparrow Wallet ✅ Feather Wallet ✅ Cake Wallet ✅ RoboSats ✅ Bisq ✅ BIP39 (Ian Coleman) ✅ SeedTool ... e muito mais. https://image.nostr.build/b0bb1f0da5a9a8fee42eacbddb156fc3558f4c3804575d55eeefbe6870ac223e.jpg

Importante: os binários originais dos aplicativos não são modificados, garantindo total transparência e permitindo a verificação de hashes a qualquer momento.

👨‍💻 Desenvolvido por: nostr:npub1dtmp3wrkyqafghjgwyk88mxvulfncc9lg6ppv4laet5cun66jtwqqpgte6

GitHub: https://github.com/DesobedienteTecnologico/dtails?tab=readme-ov-file

🎯 Controle total do que será instalado

Com o DTails, você escolhe exatamente o que deseja incluir na imagem personalizada. Se não marcar um aplicativo, ele não será adicionado, mesmo que esteja disponível. Isso significa: privacidade, leveza e controle absoluto.

https://image.nostr.build/b0bb1f0da5a9a8fee42eacbddb156fc3558f4c3804575d55eeefbe6870ac223e.jpg https://image.nostr.build/b70ed11ad2ce0f14fd01d62c08998dc18e3f27733c8d7e968f3459846fb81baf.jpg https://image.nostr.build/4f5a904218c1ea6538be5b3f764eefda95edd8f88b2f42ac46b9ae420b35e6f6.jpg

⚙️ Começando com o DTails

📦 Requisitos de pacotes

Antes de tudo, instale os seguintes pacotes no Debian:

``` sudo apt-get install genisoimage parted squashfs-tools syslinux-utils build-essential python3-tk python3-pil.imagetk python3-pyudev

```

🛠 Passo a passo

1 Clone o repositório:

``` git clone https://github.com/DesobedienteTecnologico/dtails cd dtails

```

2 Inicie a interface gráfica com sudo:

``` sudo ./dtails.py

```

Por que usar sudo? É necessário para montar arquivos .iso ou .img e utilizar ferramentas essenciais do sistema.

---

💿 Selecione a imagem Tails que deseja modificar

https://nostr.download/e3143dcd72ab6dcc86228be04d53131ccf33d599a5f7f2f1a5c0d193557dac6b.jpg

---

📥 Adicione ou remova pacotes

1 Marque os aplicativos desejados. 2 Clique Buildld para gerar sua imagem personalizada. https://image.nostr.build/5c4db03fe33cd53d06845074d03888a3ca89c3e29b2dc1afed4d9d181489b771.png

Você pode acompanhar todo o processo diretamente no terminal. https://nostr.download/1d959f4be4de9fbb666ada870afee4a922fb5e96ef296c4408058ec33cd657a8.jpg

---

💽 .ISO vs .IMG — Qual escolher?

| Formato | Persistência | Observações | | ------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | | .iso | ❌ Não tem persistência | Gera o arquivo DTails.iso na pasta do projeto | | .img | ✅ Suporta persistência | Permite gravar diretamente em um pendrive |

https://nostr.download/587fa3956df47a38b169619f63c559928e6410c3dd0d99361770a8716b3691f6.jpg https://nostr.download/40c7c5badba765968a1004ebc67c63a28b9ae3b5801addb02166b071f970659f.jpg

---

vídeo

https://www.youtube.com/live/QABz-GOeQ68?si=eYX-AHsolbp_OmAm

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The Thai government has eliminated taxes on gains from cryptocurrencies until 2029 to attract investors and promote the digital asset sector.

According to Efinance Thai, Thailand has approved a five-year tax exemption on profits from the sale of Bitcoin and other digital assets. The decision aims to position the country as one of the world’s leading digital financial hubs.

On June 17, Thailand’s Cabinet officially approved the tax measure proposed by the Ministry of Finance. The initiative removes personal income tax on capital gains from the sale of cryptocurrencies conducted through licensed operators under the 2018 Digital Asset Business Act.

Deputy Finance Minister Julapun Amornvivat stated that the tax policy is a cornerstone of the government’s strategy to turn Thailand into a major global center for Bitcoin and blockchain-based financial services.

The capital gains tax exemption will be in effect from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2029. It applies exclusively to transactions carried out via exchanges, brokers, and dealers licensed and regulated by Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Thai authorities estimate that this tax reform will boost the domestic Bitcoin market, generating positive spillovers for the country’s innovative tech ecosystem. Economic projections indicate a medium-term increase in tax revenues of at least 1 billion baht (around $30 million), driven by sector growth and fresh investment inflows.

According to the government, the initiative is also expected to encourage capital raising through digital tokens and foster the development of blockchain-based financial services.

The post Thailand abolishes taxes on Bitcoin: five-year tax exemption appeared first on Atlas21.

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

This update brings key enhancements for clarity and usability:

• Recent Blocks View: Added to the Send tab and inspired by Mempool's visualization, it displays the last 2 blocks and the estimated next block to help choose fee rates.
• Camera System Overhaul: Features a new library for higher resolution detection and mouse-scroll zoom support when available.
• Vector-Based Images: All app images are now vectorized and theme-aware, enhancing contrast, especially in dark mode.
• Tor & P2A Updates: Upgraded internal Tor and improved support for pay-to-anchor (P2A) outputs.
• Linux Package Rename: For Linux users, Sparrow has been renamed to sparrowwallet (or sparrowserver); in some cases, the original sparrow package may need manual removal.
• Additional updates include showing total payments in multi-payment transaction diagrams, better handling of long labels, and other UI enhancements.

• Sparrow v2.2.1 is a bug fix release that addresses missing UUID issue when starting Tor on recent macOS versions, icons for external sources in Settings and Recent Blocks view, repackaged .deb installs to use older gzip instead of zstd compression, and removed display of median fee rate where fee rates source is set to Server.

Learn how to get started with Sparrow wallet:

Release notes (v2.2.0)

• Added Recent Blocks view to Send tab.
• Converted all bitmapped images to theme aware SVG format for all wallet models and dialogs.
• Support send and display of pay to anchor (P2A) outputs.
• Renamed sparrow package to sparrowwallet and sparrowserver on Linux.
• Switched camera library to openpnp-capture.
• Support FHD (1920 x 1080) and UHD4k (3840 x 2160) capture resolutions.
• Support camera zoom with mouse scroll where possible.
• In the Download Verifier, prefer verifying the dropped file over the default file where the file is not in the manifest.
• Show a warning (with an option to disable the check) when importing a wallet with a derivation path matching another script type.
• In Cormorant, avoid calling the listwalletdir RPC on initialization due to a potentially slow response on Windows.
• Avoid server address resolution for public servers.
• Assume server address is non local for resolution failures where a proxy is configured.
• Added a tooltip to indicate truncated labels in table cells.
• Dynamically truncate input and output labels in the tree on a transaction tab, and add tooltips if necessary.
• Improved tooltips for wallet tabs and transaction diagrams with long labels.
• Show the address where available on input and output tooltips in transaction tab tree.
• Show the total amount sent in payments in the transaction diagram when constructing multiple payment transactions.
• Reset preferred table column widths on adjustment to improve handling after window resizing.
• Added accessible text to improve screen reader navigation on seed entry.
• Made Wallet Summary table grow horizontally with dialog sizing.
• Reduced tooltip show delay to 200ms.
• Show transaction diagram fee percentage as less than 0.01% rather than 0.00%.
• Optimized and reduced Electrum server RPC calls.
• Upgraded Bouncy Castle, PGPainless and Logback libraries.
• Upgraded internal Tor to v0.4.8.16.
• Bug fix: Fixed issue with random ordering of keystore origins on labels import.
• Bug fix: Fixed non-zero account script type detection when signing a message on Trezor devices.
• Bug fix: Fixed issue parsing remote Coldcard xpub encoded on a different network.
• Bug fix: Fixed inclusion of fees on wallet label exports.
• Bug fix: Increase Trezor device libusb timeout.

Linux users: Note that the sparrow package has been renamed to sparrowwallet or sparrowserver, and in some cases you may need to manually uninstall the original sparrow package. Look in the /opt folder to ensure you have the new name, and the original is removed.

What's new in v2.2.1

• Updated Tor library to fix missing UUID issue when starting Tor on recent macOS versions.
• Repackaged .deb installs to use older gzip instead of zstd compression.
• Removed display of median fee rate where fee rates source is set to Server.
• Added icons for external sources in Settings and Recent Blocks view
• Bug fix: Fixed issue in Recent Blocks view when switching fee rates source
• Bug fix: Fixed NPE on null fee returned from server

Announcement / Archive
GitHub Repo

@ 73868430:0ec4fe27

皇居 Imperial Palace

巽櫓（桜田二重櫓) Sakurada Tatsumi Yagura

二重橋 Nijubashi Bridge

---

靖國神社 Yasukuni Jinja

遊就館 Yushukan

---

上野動物園 Ueno Zoological Garden

上野動物園不忍池 Ueno Zoological Garden Shinobazuno Pond

上野東照宮五重塔 Ueno Toshogu Shrine Five Story Pagoda

築地活鮮市場,御徒町店 Tsukiji Kassen Ichiba, Okachimachi

---

鉄道博物館 The Railway Museum

---

TOHAKU茶館 (応挙館) Tohaku Chakan

---

新大久保駅 Shin-Ōkubo

---

シンボルプロムナード公園 Symbol Promenade Park

セントラル広場 Central Square

日本科学未来館 The National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation Japan (Miraikan)

---

箱根町 Hakone

芦ノ湖 Lake Ashi

元箱根 Motohakone

彫刻の森駅 Chokokunomori

三の鳥居,箱根神社 The Third Torii of Hakone Shrine

---

小田原城 Odawara Castle

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

Bitcoin, desde a sua criação, tem sido um dos ativos mais debatidos no mundo financeiro, tanto pelos seus seguidores apaixonados quanto pelos céticos. A sua volatilidade extrema e o impacto que tem causado no sistema financeiro tradicional tornaram-no objeto de especulação constante. À medida que o tempo passa, a adoção de Bitcoin cresce e surgem novas discussões sobre o seu futuro, tanto no que diz respeito ao seu preço quanto à sua integração no sistema financeiro global. Neste contexto, existem várias previsões para o futuro de Bitcoin, com cenários tanto otimistas quanto cautelosos, baseados em fatores como regulamentação, adoção institucional e inovação tecnológica.

O preço de Bitcoin: previsões e fatores de influência

Adoção Institucional: A crescente adoção de Bitcoin por grandes empresas e investidores institucionais tem sido vista como um fator de valorização. Organizações como Tesla, MicroStrategy e Square já incorporaram Bitcoin nas suas reservas de tesouraria, o que gerou uma maior confiança no ativo como uma reserva de valor. À medida que mais empresas sigam esse caminho, a demanda por Bitcoin pode aumentar, pressionando o preço para cima.

Regulação Governamental: A forma como os governos lidam com Bitcoin é um dos maiores fatores de incerteza. Uma regulação excessiva pode restringir o acesso e diminuir o interesse, enquanto uma abordagem mais amigável pode impulsionar a adoção e aumentar o preço. Em países como El Salvador, que adotaram o Bitcoin como moeda legal, observa-se uma tendência positiva, mas em muitas outras nações, a regulação ainda é um grande desafio.

Oferta Limitada: A oferta de Bitcoin é limitada a 21 milhões de unidades, o que significa que não há risco de inflação ou aumento da quantidade disponível. Este facto torna Bitcoin particularmente atraente como reserva de valor, especialmente em tempos de incerteza económica global, o que pode continuar a impulsionar a sua valorização a longo prazo.

Tecnologia e Escalabilidade: Inovações como a Lightning Network e o Taproot, que visam melhorar a escalabilidade e a eficiência das transações, podem contribuir para uma adoção mais ampla, o que, por sua vez, poderia ter um impacto positivo no preço. Se Bitcoin se tornar mais acessível e viável para transações diárias, a sua utilidade será mais valorizada no mercado.

Adoção global do Bitcoin: o caminho para a inclusão financeira

A adoção global de Bitcoin está a crescer, especialmente em regiões onde os sistemas financeiros tradicionais são ineficazes ou limitados. Países com economias instáveis, como nações com alta inflação ou crise cambial, estão cada vez mais a ver no Bitcoin uma alternativa viável. Além disso, a inclusão financeira é um dos maiores motores dessa adoção, uma vez que Bitcoin pode oferecer serviços financeiros a populações que estão fora do alcance dos bancos tradicionais.

Mercados Emergentes: Em países como o Brasil, Argentina, Nigéria e outros mercados emergentes, a procura por Bitcoin tem crescido, pois as pessoas procuram proteger os seus ativos da desvalorização das suas moedas locais. Nesses locais, Bitcoin surge como uma alternativa de reserva de valor e meio de troca que não está sujeita ao controlo de uma autoridade central.

Adoção por Governos e Empresas: A crescente aceitação de Bitcoin por grandes empresas e governos pode acelerar a sua integração nas economias globais. Países como El Salvador demonstraram que é possível adotar Bitcoin como uma moeda oficial, enquanto grandes empresas estão cada vez mais a aceitar Bitcoin como forma de pagamento, o que legitima ainda mais o seu uso no comércio global.

Educação e Acessibilidade: A medida que mais pessoas compreendem o funcionamento do Bitcoin e as suas vantagens em termos de segurança, privacidade e liberdade financeira, a adoção tende a crescer. A simplicidade das plataformas de exchange e as melhorias em termos de usabilidade das carteiras digitais tornam mais fácil para os utilizadores entrarem no mercado e utilizarem Bitcoin no seu dia a dia.

Cenários futuros: otimismo ou cautela?

O futuro do Bitcoin é incerto, mas diversos cenários podem se desenrolar. O cenário otimista aponta para uma maior valorização e adoção global, impulsionada pela inovação tecnológica, aumento da confiança institucional e a busca por uma alternativa descentralizada ao sistema financeiro tradicional. Nesse cenário, Bitcoin poderia tornar-se uma forma amplamente aceite de pagamento e uma reserva de valor global, com preços que poderiam ultrapassar os valores mais elevados já registados.

Por outro lado, o cenário cauteloso sugere que os obstáculos como regulação governamental, competição com outras moedas digitais e possíveis falhas tecnológicas podem impedir que o Bitcoin se torne uma parte central do sistema financeiro. Além disso, a volatilidade do preço pode desencorajar aqueles que buscam estabilidade e segurança.

Resumindo, as previsões sobre o preço e a adoção global de Bitcoin são, sem dúvida, complexas e influenciadas por vários fatores. O futuro do Bitcoin dependerá de como a sociedade, os governos e as empresas responderão a essa nova forma de dinheiro. Embora o potencial de valorização seja significativo, o risco e a volatilidade são características que não podem ser ignoradas. À medida que a adoção global cresce e a tecnologia evolui, será necessário acompanhar de perto os desenvolvimentos que irão moldar o futuro de Bitcoin no sistema financeiro global.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

Com a crescente digitalização do dinheiro, os governos de vários países começaram a desenvolver moedas digitais de banco central (CBDCs - Central Bank Digital Currencies) como resposta à popularização de Bitcoin. Enquanto Bitcoin representa um sistema financeiro descentralizado e resistente à censura, as CBDCs são versões digitais das moedas fiduciárias, controladas diretamente pelos bancos centrais. Essa concorrência pode moldar o futuro do dinheiro e definir o equilíbrio entre liberdade financeira e controlo estatal.

Diferenças fundamentais entre Bitcoin e CBDCs

Bitcoin e as CBDCs diferem em praticamente todos os aspetos fundamentais:

Centralização vs. Descentralização: Bitcoin opera numa rede descentralizada, onde nenhum governo ou entidade pode alterar as regras ou censurar transações. Já as CBDCs são emitidas e controladas pelos bancos centrais, permitindo um maior controlo sobre a circulação e utilização do dinheiro.

Oferta limitada vs. Inflação controlada: Bitcoin tem uma oferta fixa de 21 milhões de unidades, tornando-se um ativo escasso e deflacionário. As CBDCs, por outro lado, podem ser criadas sem limites, como acontece com as moedas fiduciárias tradicionais, sujeitas a políticas monetárias inflacionárias.

Privacidade vs. Monitorização: Bitcoin permite transações pseudónimas, garantindo um certo nível de privacidade financeira. As CBDCs, no entanto, podem ser programadas para permitir o rastreamento total de cada transação, facilitando a supervisão governamental e, potencialmente, o controlo sobre o que os cidadãos podem ou não gastar.

Resistência à censura vs. Controlo estatal: Bitcoin permite que qualquer pessoa realize transações sem depender de aprovação de terceiros. As CBDCs, por serem centralizadas, podem ser usadas pelos governos para restringir transações indesejadas ou mesmo confiscar fundos com um simples comando digital.

O que os governos pretendem com as CBDCs?

A introdução das CBDCs tem sido vendida com argumentos como:

Maior eficiência nas transações financeiras, eliminando intermediários e reduzindo custos bancários.

Facilidade na implementação de políticas económicas, como estímulos diretos à população ou tributação automatizada.

Combate a atividades ilegais, dado que as transações podem ser rastreadas em tempo real.

No entanto, muitas destas justificações levantam preocupações sobre a perda de privacidade financeira e o aumento do poder dos governos sobre o sistema monetário.

Bitcoin como alternativa às CBDCs

A ascensão das CBDCs pode fortalecer a posição de Bitcoin como alternativa de dinheiro verdadeiramente livre. À medida que os cidadãos percebem os riscos de um sistema financeiro 100% controlado pelo Estado, a procura por um ativo descentralizado e resistente à censura pode crescer.

Proteção contra o controlo estatal: Bitcoin permite que os utilizadores mantenham total soberania sobre o seu dinheiro, sem o risco de bloqueios arbitrários ou confiscações.

Preservação da privacidade financeira: Ao contrário das CBDCs, que podem monitorizar todas as transações, Bitcoin oferece um grau de anonimato que protege os indivíduos da vigilância excessiva.

Reserva de valor contra a inflação: Enquanto os governos podem emitir CBDCs indefinidamente, Bitcoin mantém a sua escassez garantida, tornando-se um refúgio contra políticas monetárias irresponsáveis.

Resumindo, a competição entre Bitcoin e as CBDCs será uma das maiores batalhas financeiras do futuro. Enquanto os governos tentam consolidar o seu controlo através de moedas digitais centralizadas, Bitcoin continua a ser a principal alternativa para aqueles que procuram independência financeira e proteção contra a vigilância estatal. A escolha entre um sistema financeiro livre e um sistema monitorizado e controlado poderá definir o rumo da economia digital nas próximas décadas.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!