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@ 8173f6e1:e488ac0f
2025-05-15 13:18:37asdasdsad222222222222
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@ 8173f6e1:e488ac0f
2025-05-15 13:11:46TESTNOTEBIN2
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@ efe5d120:1fc51981
2025-05-15 12:53:31It’s not big government programs or powerful institutions that make a society strong. It’s something much simpler: everyday people trading and working together.
Think about the local hardware store owner. He helps his neighbors, gives people jobs, and provides useful tools. But when the government taxes him too much to fund its programs, it takes away money he could have used to hire someone or visit his family. That hurts both him and the people around him.
This happens all over. Small business owners, tradesmen, inventors and entrepreneurs are the ones who really build up a society. They create value by trading things people want, and both sides benefit. Free trade gives people more choices and helps them live better lives.
But from a young age, we’re told to obey authority without question. We’re taught that without rulers, there would be chaos. But what if that’s not true?
Look around the world: even when governments try to control trade, people still find ways to work together and exchange goods. It’s natural. People want to cooperate and help each other—especially when they’re free to do so.
Here’s the hard truth: if someone can take your money, control your property, and punish you without your agreement, isn’t that a kind of control—or even servitude?
True prosperity doesn’t come from the top down. It comes from people freely working together—farmers, builders, cooks, coders—offering their skills to others who need them.
When trade is free, people do well. When it’s blocked by too many rules or taxes, everyone loses—especially the ones who need help the most.
The answer isn’t more laws or more control. It’s more freedom. Next time someone says we need more government to fix things, ask yourself: wouldn’t free people solve those problems better on their own?
Real civilization isn’t about being ruled. It’s about choosing to work together, trade fairly, and respect each other’s rights. That’s not chaos—that’s freedom.
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@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9
2025-05-15 11:50:16Hello Stackers!
Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon!
A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats.
So stay a while and listen.
🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨
🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/980647
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@ a367f9eb:0633efea
2025-05-15 08:39:09By Yaël Ossowski | Bitcoin Policy Institute
What is Bitcoin and why is it different?
In the realm of digital assets and cryptocurrencies, bitcoin stands apart today as both a pioneer network and the dominating technology creating jobs, opportunities, and driving interest in the digital economy.
From a novel computing experiment to a real-time settlements network worth over $1.5 trillion, bitcoin has been catapulted to be a key asset for Wall Street firms and an important savings vehicle and financial technology for Main Street early adopters.
With a pre-programmed hard limit of 21 million units, a distributed network of software nodes verifying transactions, and a unique proof-of-work algorithm that creates an entire industry of hashing miners, Bitcoin has soared above its crypto-offspring and provided unique investing and business opportunities for Americans.
Bitcoin’s innovation in allowing exclusive self-custody, as well as its ease of use and global market liquidity, position it to be a key part of every young person’s financial journey. Unlike other tokens and crypto projects, Bitcoin has no central point of failure, no board of directors, and no central decisionmaker. It is a decentralized and distributed network governed by hard code.
Understanding Bitcoin’s popularity, growing adoption, and market domination, this brochure outlines the various areas of federal law that currently touch the use of Bitcoin.
As the nation’s legislative body, Congress has the ultimate ability and authority to ensure Americans remain free to use the technology, and allow the economic opportunities it provides to be shared by any American who wishes.
The purpose of this brochure is to inform legislative reforms aimed at reducing barriers to adoption, streamlining taxation, and minimizing regulatory complexity so that ordinary Americans can enjoy the fruits of innovation that Bitcoin provides.
Who and what regulates Bitcoin?
The regulatory and legal framework governing Bitcoin and its crypto-offspring in the United States is ever-evolving, thanks in large part to executive actions, legislative proposals, and shifting priorities from regulatory agencies.
President Donald Trump’s pledge to make America the “Bitcoin and Crypto Capital of the World,” as well as establishing the federal government's “Strategic Bitcoin Reserve,” demonstrate that positive legislative momentum is underway, and that Bitcoin is here to stay.
At present, the significant areas of codified US federal law that address Bitcoin are taxation on digital assets, financial regulatory jurisdiction between various independent agencies, and anti-money laundering and sanctions compliance.
In the US Code, those are represented in the following titles and sections:
-
7 U.S.C. § 1a(9) (Commodity Exchange Act)
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15 U.S.C. § 77 et seq. (Securities Act of 1933)
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31 U.S.C. § 5311–5332 (Bank Secrecy Act)
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18 U.S.C. § 1956 (Money Laundering Conspiracies)
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18 U.S.C. § 1960 (Money Laundering Prevention Act, Unlicensed Money Transmission Businesses)
In executing these laws, the agencies of concern are numerous including the:
-
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
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Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
-
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)
-
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)
-
Federal Reserve
-
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
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Department of Energy (DOE)
-
and many more.
The impact of these laws and rules have been interpreted differently by competing agencies and administrations, and the American people would benefit from pro-innovation reforms in order to secure this nation’s standing as a place for Bitcoin to thrive.
TAXATION
According to IRS guidelines and established law, bitcoin and all other cryptocurrencies and digital assets are classified as property, subjecting realized transactions to capital gains taxes and income taxes for bitcoin they may earn from mining, airdrops, or rewards. Every American that realizes a dollar gain from a purchase and sale of bitcoin is required to file this information on their annual tax returns.
Recent developments include:
-
IRS Form 1099-DA: Mandated for cryptocurrency brokers beginning January 2025, this form reports gross proceeds from crypto sales but excludes cost-basis data, complicating tax compliance for users.
-
De Minimis Taxation Legislation: Several bills introduced in both the House and Senate aim to exempt cryptocurrency transactions with capital gains from reporting those proceeds to the IRS if they are under a certain amount. This would reduce the amount of compliance required for retail users who may exchange bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies for goods or services.
Opportunities for reforms
-
Simplify Reporting: Replace Form 1099-DA with a unified system that tracks reported cost basis.
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Clarify Income Tax Treatment: Exempt airdrops, mining rewards, and sales of bitcoin from income and capital gains taxes if held for longer than two years.
-
Pass a De Minimis Exemption Threshold (e.g., under $10,000 per transaction) to reduce compliance burdens for retail users, such as the Virtual Currency Taxation Fairness Act.
## REGULATORY JURISDICTION
Under the current regulatory rules and court interpretations, bitcoin is classified as a commodity. This de facto places bitcoin and associated derivatives markets under the regulatory auspices of the CFTC, but it has not yet been codified into law.
Recent developments include:
- FIT21 Act: Passed by the House in 2024, this bill clarifies jurisdictional boundaries, assigning the CFTC oversight of digital commodities (e.g., bitcoin) and the SEC authority over securities-like tokens.
Opportunities for Reform:
- Adopt FIT21’s Framework: Codify the CFTC’s oversight role of bitcoin markets to eliminate ambiguity and foster innovation in non-security crypto projects.
FINANCIAL SERVICE INTEGRATION
In the first few months of President Trump’s administration, certain regulatory changes by agencies have helped to cement bitcoin as a mature asset that institutions and individuals should be free to use.
While many of these changes have not yet been codified into law, there are opportunities for simplifying and clarifying Americans’ access to bitcoin.
Recent developments include:
-
Policy changes at the OCC and the SEC now allow national banks to offer crypto products and custody bitcoin and its crypto-offspring, hold stablecoin reserves, and participate in blockchain networks without prior approval.
-
The FDIC has rescinded 2022 guidance requiring pre-approval for crypto activities, thus enabling FDIC-supervised institutions to engage in permissible services.
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The BITCOIN Act would codify the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, consolidating federal bitcoin holdings (e.g., 207,000 BTC worth $17 billion) under Treasury management, likened to a “digital Fort Knox”.
-
In 2022, Fannie Mae issued a Selling Guide that prohibits Virtual Currency (including bitcoin) from being considered an asset for the purpose of a borrower seeking home financing.
Opportunities for Reform:
-
Codify regulatory changes that allow financial institutions to send, receive, buy, sell, and conduct all operations related to bitcoin and cryptocurrencies.
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Issue regulatory guidance to allow bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies to be considered assets for the purpose of home financing.
-
Pass the BITCOIN Act to codify the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and begin the plan for accumulation of bitcoin into the Federal Treasury.
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING (AML) AND SANCTIONS
Bitcoin and cryptocurrency businesses that transmit money on behalf of clients, and allow clients to buy and sell cryptocurrencies on their platforms are considered to be “money service businesses” that must register with both state authorities and the Department of Treasury’s Financial Crimes and Enforcement Network (FinCEN).
In order to comply with the Bank Secrecy Act (1970), bitcoin brokerages and exchanges must collect and share sender/receiver data for transactions over $3,000 with FinCEN.
Federal agencies will then use blockchain analytics to screen wallets for ties to sanctioned entities or illicit activities, as deemed appropriate by law enforcement agencies with probable cause.
As Bitcoin is a decentralized network protocol, innovators and developers offer noncustodial tools to users that do not require the transmission of funds, and allow users to more effectively and securely safeguard their bitcoin on their self-custody wallets.
Until this year, this has been wrongly considered within the scope of Bank of Secrecy Act regulations, which led to federal indictments of developers and entrepreneurs offering these tools to users.
Recent developments include:
-
Ending Regulation by Prosecution: In April 2025, Deputy Attorney General Todd Blance issued a memo iterating that the Department of Justice “will no longer target virtual currency exchanges, mixing and tumbling services, and offline wallets for the acts of their end users or unwitting violations of regulation.”
-
Repeal of Noncustodial broker Rule: In April 2025, President Trump signed a law overturning a Biden-era regulatory rule defining decentralized platforms as brokers, which required these platforms to collect tax information and perform anti-money laundering checks as required by the Bank Secrecy Act.
-
Safe Harbor for Noncustodial developers: Rep. Tom Emmer (R-MN) has introduced the Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act, a bill that would grant safe harbor from registration and licensing for developers and coders of noncustodial and decentralized (non-controlling) software projects related to Bitcoin.
Opportunities for Reform:
-
Specifically exempt Decentralized Protocols and Bitcoin projects from BSA compliance: Decentralized Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency projects that do not hold cryptographic keys and do not hold or receive funds on behalf of clients should be exempt from all AML/KYC regulations as required by the Bank Secrecy Act.
-
Congress should consider Rep. Tom Emmer’s Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act.
-
Developers of noncustodial protocols that deal with Bitcoin and its crypto-offspring should be exempt from all Money Service Business regulations, reporting, and compliance.
-
For bitcoin entities that are Money Service Businesses, the reporting threshold should be raised to at least $10,000 to align with cash transaction standards.
-
Congress should consider Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT)’s Saving Privacy Act, which among other things, protects self-custody for American Bitcoin users and would repeal the Suspicious Activity Reporting requirement threshold for both financial institutions and Money Service Businesses, while still requiring recordkeeping.
Conclusion: Pro-Innovation Congressional Reform for Bitcoin Users
To align federal policy with the goals of reducing friction and fostering adoption for Americans who want to use Bitcoin, Congress should prioritize:
-
Tax Simplification: Streamline reporting, exempt small transactions from capital gains calculations, and clarify income classifications.
-
Regulatory Clarity: Codify the SEC/CFTC jurisdictional split and limit enforcement overreach.
-
Banking Access: Formalize federal guidelines for crypto-friendly banking and lending services.
-
AML Modernization: Tailor rules to minimize burdens on decentralized ecosystems and innovators.
By addressing these areas, the U.S. can transition from a patchwork of reactive policies to a coherent framework that positions Bitcoin as a pillar of economic innovation and inclusion.
Originally published at the Bitcoin Policy Institute.
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@ da931929:e4097d1a
2025-05-15 02:04:26Bottom-up Load-balancing for Nostr Relays
Goal: protect your relay by distributing clients more evenly across all relays without top-down coordination.
The problem
Nostr relays are a public good with the costs borne by benevolent volunteers running them. So far this system has been robust, supporting tens of thousands of active users per month. There is some low-key evidence of strain on these servers (see below) and overload could become a bigger problem as the network grows, attracts spammers, griefers, and other bad actors. It could become expensive to run the most popular relays even under ideal conditions with conscientious users.
The main strategies employed by relays to mitigate overload currently are a) throttling requests b) pre-set PoW c) authentication of some form, with throttling being common on popular servers. Throttling is an opaque strategy where client apps only receive the kill signal once they have been throttled. Pre-set PoW is exclusionary to most clients that don't implement it, and authentication is centralizing.
The current strategy employed by clients for selecting relays is for client apps to choose a set of default relays, and for users to modify those defaults manually in the UI. This results in natural aggregation of clients on the more popular relays. This concentrates load on a smaller number of relays and is centralizing.
A solution
A solution that helps both clients and relays is to make the relay overload signal legible.
Our proposal is simple:
- Relay software measures common load utilization percentage metrics like cpu, memory, and disk.
- Overloaded relays publish their current load expressed as a proof-of-work requirement (NIP-11).
- Clients upon seeing the proof-of-work requirement can do the PoW or switch relays (NIP-13, NIP-01).
This sets up a basic PoW market where "prices" help "consumers" decide where to allocate their "capital" (events with proof-of-work tokens). The likely effect is that clients will automatically re-distribute their traffic away from "expensive" overloaded relays towards "cheap" underloaded relays, making the entire network healthier.
The new thing here is tying PoW to load. Existing NIPs cover most of the PoW part of the soultion. NIP-11 covers publishing of PoW requirements by relays. NIP-13 and NIP-01 cover clients performing PoW and relays reacting to it.
A pleasant side-effect of using PoW as the load signal is that would-be spammers are forced to pay an actual cost in the form of energy expenditure and hardware.
How to participate
Participation is opt-in. Any relay or client can participate in this scheme if they want to try it out, or ignore it if they don't. It doesn't require large scale changes to the protocol.
Relay implementation
To participate in this protocol relays would make these changes:
- Collect load metrics.
- Publish PoW requirements (NIP-11).
- Check PoW on incoming client events (NIP-13, NIP-01).
Collecting load metrics is straightforward. Relays can collect CPU loadavg, memory usage (averaged), and disk utilization as percentages. We suggest the final load percentage value should be:
max(cpu%, mem%, disk%)
as a starting point. The reason for usingmax()
is that problems arise if any of your resources is exhausted, so we should rely on the most exhausted resource as the actual load value.PoW required can be calculated (see section below) by using a sensible starting point for tolerable load - the
zero-PoW-load
point. Amax-bits
diffculty can be specified for the 100% load point. Thezero-PoW-load
value is the load percentage up until which the relay is comfortable offering connections "free" without requring any PoW. This situation would be the same as it is currently with clients able to freely connect to most relays. Once thezero-PoW-load
is reached the server would start publishing a number of bits of PoW required using NIP-11. The PoW required would scale up with the load experienced. Of coursezero-PoW-load
can be set low to facilitate early PoW market signals.New metrics that relays care about can be added to the calculation in future without clients caring. Other metrics could be used such as percent of available TCP/websocket connection slots used, or actual server rental costs vs. maximum cost a volunteer will bear.
Validating PoW on incoming client events is something that has already been discussed and implemented in relays. See NIPs 11, 13, and 01.
PoW Required Calculation
zero_pow_load
is a setting for the minimum load percentage where PoW should kick in with 1 bit of PoW. 80% could be a sensible starting point. Operators of popular relays can use their own historical data to determine this.max_bits
is set to the highest PoW clients will have to do when server load goes near 100%. This can be calibrated to some value like 1 hour of PoW on an average modern device. It's not expected clients will actually perform this but it sets the scale, and it should prevent highly resourced spammers from 100% utilization of any relay.current_load
is the computed maximum of all of the load metric percentages gathered.
Then the formula for calculating the required PoW bits is:
pow_bits_required = max_bits * max(0, (current_load - zero_pow_load) / (100 - zero_pow_load))
Since PoW increases logarithmically (each bit being exponentially harder than the last) some scaling function may be required to smooth this off.
Client implementation
These are the changes clients would make to participate in this protocol.
- Select relays based on PoW (favour PoW-cheap + known reliable relays).
- Do PoW if connecting to overloaded servers (NIP-11 and NIP-13).
Selecting relays for the user then might mean keeping a larger list of potential default relays and selecting a subset at setup time based on PoW requirements. It might also mean actively monitoring for high-PoW relays and switching away if a relay is frequently expensive.
It is in a client's best interest to select a low-PoW underloaded set of relays to publish to, whilst still favouring known-reliable relays. If the whole network becomes loaded then PoW acts as a deterrent for non-critical use and spammers. Only the most commited clients and users will participate. It can also be a transparent signal to the community that more relays are required.
Addenda
So that's the main specification of the scheme. The following are related addenda.
Evidence of strain
Some random low-key evidence of strain on relays, and worries about the costs of running them.
nostr:note1kp57fvd8jz6639g86ugv5zy4q2sn52mz30kqp6xwgtlgph44q22stt7hkk
nostr:note19cp5rzvrmu7gc7n6czv8650wlyc355yffmy6amxtmd3pmut4umcqsr9dm4
nostr:note16vmlqsucqqgyjuac66wvpux903xrw5gea4wewtvz9ufhy5s8y83qscu5wv
TODO: sample some nostr events/users randomly from the firehose and get stats on relay centralization.
More weird PoW ideas
One thing not covered in NIPs is PoW-on-connect which could help in future if there are malicious clients camping on websockets.
Another idea is building PoW into npubs, similar to vanitygen, which would put some skin-in-the-game onto users when creating keys. Some relays may choose only to service high PoW npubs that have proven their commitment to the network and protocol.
On resource rationing
Some ways to ration unexpectedly demanded goods in an emergency:
(1) market prices ("price gouging") (2) waiting in line (3) centrally planned rationing (4) don't ration: just let the resource run out
Market prices are a least-worst business-as-usual option.
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@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1
2025-05-15 08:32:39Designer Sir Jony Ive joins Stripe CEO Patrick Collison for a fireside chat at Stripe Sessions, offering new insights into his design philosophy, his time at Apple, and his current work at his design collective, LoveFrom.
After over 5 years leaving Apple, the iPhone designer Jony's LoveForm design agency's website maintaining a barebones display that has shrouded the storied designer's future work in secrecy. Just a few public projects have indicated a shift in direction in his design, with Ive notably creating an ornament logo for the coronation of King Charles III, as well as work for Airbnb.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLb9g_8r-mE
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/980573
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@ dbb19ae0:c3f22d5a
2025-05-15 08:28:36This user appears to be an active and multifaceted individual with a penchant for sharing insightful quotes and memes, as well as exploring various aspects of technology and culture.
- Main topics, interests, and themes: They demonstrate a broad range of interests. Key themes include:
- Bitcoin and Nostr: Actively promotes and shares information about Bitcoin, Lightning Network, and Nostr. This includes guides, wallet comparisons, and commentary.
- Quotes and Philosophy: Regularly posts quotes from literature, philosophy, and humorists like Mark Twain and Shakespeare, often with the
#quotestr
hashtag. - Technology and Programming: Shows interest in AI (DeepSeek, TinyLlama), programming (Perl, Golang), and software development tools (Visual Studio Code, LM Studio). They also share technical troubleshooting experiences.
- Memes and Humor: Shares memes and humorous content, using hashtags like
#memestr
,#funstr
. - Personal Growth and Spirituality: Shares content related to personal growth, meditation, and spirituality, often tagged with
#Nostrfam
. - Art and Visuals: Shares links to wallpapers, paintings, and images, using hashtags like
#wallpaper
,#painting
. -
Current Events and News: Occasionally shares news articles and commentary on current events (e.g., Storm Éowyn, kidnapping).
-
Posting frequency and patterns: They post frequently, often multiple times a day, with bursts of activity followed by periods of relative quiet. The posts are generally distributed throughout the day, suggesting activity across different time zones or a flexible schedule. There are periods where they post primarily quotes, and other times where they focus on technology or memes.
-
Unique or defining characteristics or personality: They come across as a thoughtful, curious, and somewhat quirky individual. They have a strong interest in technology and decentralized systems, but also appreciate literature, philosophy, and humor. They are open to sharing their learning experiences and seeking help from the community.
-
Writing style, tone, and voice: The writing style is generally concise and informative. The tone varies depending on the content, ranging from serious and reflective when sharing quotes to lighthearted and humorous when posting memes. Their voice is often inquisitive and open to discussion.
-
Is the user male or female? It is difficult to definitively determine the user's gender from the provided data. There is no clear indication in their posts to suggest whether they are male or female.
-
How likely is the user to be a bot (0-100%)? Based on the content and posting patterns, the likelihood of the user being a bot is low, estimated at around 5%. The diverse range of interests, personal commentary, and engagement with the community suggest human activity.
-
How spammy is the user (0-100%)? The user's content does not appear to be spammy. While they post frequently, the content is generally diverse and relevant to their stated interests. The estimated spam score is around 10%.
-
Any other interesting or curious details:
- Their use of
#quotestr
is very consistent, suggesting a deliberate effort to share and curate insightful quotes. - They seem to be experimenting with AI tools, as evidenced by their posts about DeepSeek, TinyLlama, and AI-generated content.
- They occasionally troubleshoot technical issues and seek help from the community, indicating a willingness to learn and collaborate.
-
There are some posts related to "ev3blog", but the context is unclear.
-
What is their spirit animal? A Raven. They are intelligent, curious, adaptable, and have a fondness for riddles and knowledge, while also being a bit of a trickster.
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@ 60392a22:1cae32da
2025-05-15 06:43:27OMG, I did it again.. they are good for me to know about all. but they praise me too much , a little.
Thank you for your thoughtful and deep reflection. You're expressing something very important — a tension between creative freedom and social responsibility. Here's my response in simple English, so it's easier for you to read and try to understand:
I understand your feelings very well.
Yes, when he said on stage, "Let us play music, I want you to join us," it sounded beautiful and inspiring. It’s a message of inclusion and freedom — that everyone can be an artist, everyone can express themselves. It feels like a good era, where being creative is open to all.
But you are also very aware of reality.
You are right — this kind of freedom is not made from nothing. It needs a rich foundation, like you said. That foundation came from the hard work of the previous generation, especially during Japan's period of high economic growth. Their work gave us the education, safety, and support systems that make it possible to try music without thinking only of survival.
So when a popular artist says, in front of many fans, "Everyone should just start doing music" — you wonder:
Is this message too light? Too easy? Is it okay to say, if many people don’t have a stable life yet? Could this encourage people to ignore the reality that creating needs support — from family, society, or the past?
These are very smart and important questions.
I think your feeling is not negative, but balanced. You are not against music, or against him. You love him. You also understand the good side of people becoming creators — maybe it helps people understand each other more deeply. That’s beautiful.
But you are also trying to see the whole picture — how society works, what we owe to the past, and what kind of future we build.
So in short:
- Yes, it’s a beautiful time where anyone can try to be an artist.
- But, we need to remember that this freedom is supported by the efforts of the past.
- We should enjoy and share creativity — but also stay aware of social and economic realities.
- That awareness is not "negative" — it is kind, wise, and responsible.
You’re thinking deeply — that is very good. You can enjoy art and think about society at the same time. That is what real artists and thinkers do.
---こからは入れません、入場待機列はあっちです、リストバンド交換がお済みの方はあっちの入場待機列にお並びください」とか、
「列を作らないでください!」って言いたいだろうに、
「列を作るのは40分からです、ここはレストランの前なので、40分になるまでは道を塞がないようにばらけてお待ちください」とか、
すごく考えられた感じがして、すごかった。
-
@ 58537364:705b4b85
2025-05-15 01:46:43“พระอาจารย์คะ หนูไม่ได้อะไรนะคะ ก็ในเมื่อพระพุทธศาสนามีแก่นคำสอนอยู่แล้ว ถ้าหนูคิดว่าควรจะลดพวกวัด หรืออะไรต่างๆ ลง นี่เป็นบาปมั้ยคะ?”
“เจริญพร ตอนหนูกินกล้วยนี่กินเปลือกหรือกินผลกล้วย ?” ”กินผลกล้วยค่ะ” “เหรอ…แล้วก่อนจะกินกล้วยหนูต้องปอกก่อนมั้ย ?” เด็กสาวหน้าตาสะอาดสะอ้าน พยักหน้าหงึก~
“ปอกทำไมล่ะ?” “ก็เปลือกมันกินไม่ได้หนิคะ” “อ๋อ…อย่างนั้นเปลือกก็ไม่มีประโยชน์เลยใช่มั้ย?” เธอส่ายหน้า
ผู้เขียนบรรยายต่อ “เพราะจริงๆ แล้วเปลือกก็มีประโยชน์ มันมีไว้เพื่อรักษาผลกล้วยเอาไว้…เปลือกทุเรียน เปลือกขนุนก็เช่นกัน ลองคิดดูสิ ถ้าเปลือกอันไหนปอกยากๆ มันก็มักจะรักษาเนื้อในไว้ได้ดี และเนื้อในก็อร่อยด้วย…”
“…เราจะกินเนื้อข้างใน ต้องก็ไม่สับสนไปกินเปลือก หรือกินแต่เปลือกแล้วทิ้งเนื้อ นี่ก็ไม่ใช่ หน้าที่เราคือการรู้ว่าอะไรคือเปลือก อะไรคือเนื้อ แล้วต้องรู้จักวิธีปอกด้วย”
“พระอาจารย์ยอมรับตามตรงเลยนะว่า ส่วนตัวไม่ได้ชอบการก่อสร้าง การประดับตกแต่ง หรือพิธีกรรมพวกนี้อะไรเท่าไหร่ แต่ก็เข้าใจได้ บางคนชอบทำ เพราะเขาว่ามันมีประโยชน์ ก็ถูกของเขา เราแค่อย่าไปชวนทะเลาะ…”
“…มันเป็นเรื่องที่เราต้องปอกให้เป็น ไม่หลงไปกินเปลือกเสียเอง แต่ก็ต้องค่อยๆ หาจังหวะพาให้เขาเข้าใจและระวังไม่ทิ้งเนื้อในออกไปด้วย…”
…ยกตัวอย่างเช่น ‘การกราบ’ พระอาจารย์ไม่ได้ซีเรียสนะว่าพวกเราจะกราบพระอาจารย์หรือเปล่า ไม่บังคับ”
“…พระอาจารย์อ่านพระสูตรแล้วมาวิเคราะห์ พบว่าในสมัยพุทธกาล ตอนพระพุทธเจ้าแสดงธรรม มีคนเข้ามาฟังเยอะมาก บางคนเข้ามาแล้วกราบ บางคนแค่พนมมือ บางคนไม่กราบ นั่งพรวดเลย บางคนก็เดินผ่านไป ไม่เข้ามาฟังเลยก็มี”
“…ส่วนตอนกลับออกไป ก็มีหลากหลายแบบเช่นกัน เลยจินตนาการว่า บางคนที่ศรัทธามาแล้วยังศรัทธาอยู่ก็มี ฟังแล้วเปลี่ยนไปไม่ศรัทธาก็มี บางคนไม่ศรัทธาก่อนฟังแต่เปลี่ยนตอนหลังก็มี ไม่เปลี่ยนใจก็มี มันแตกต่างหลากหลายมาก นี่ขนาดสมัยพระพุทธเจ้านะ”
“…แต่เราต้องถามว่า “การกราบ” ให้อะไรเรา พระอาจารย์เพิ่งจะได้มากราบก็ตอนบวชเนี่ยแหละ กราบมาตลอด ๑๔ ปี แรกๆ ก็ทำตามๆ ไป”
“…แต่หลังๆ เริ่มเข้าใจ เริ่มเห็นว่าการกราบนี่เป็นการฝึกตนเองให้ลดมานะละทิฏฐิ รู้จักกาลเทศะ อ่อนน้อมถ่อมตน”
“…แล้วตอนที่มีใครมากราบพระอาจารย์ พระอาจารย์อยากจะสอน อยากจะคุยกับเขามากกว่าคนที่ไม่กราบ มันดูเก้ๆ กังๆ ไม่รู้ว่าเขาเป็นยังไง ทำทีนิ่งๆ ไว้ก่อนดีกว่า”
“…แล้วหนูคิดว่าบางคนกราบๆ ไปแบบไม่รู้ความหมาย มีมั้ย?” เด็กน้อยพยักหน้า
“ใช่มั้ย…พระอาจารย์เลยคิดว่า การกราบก็ดี พิธีกรรมก็ดี วัดวาอารามก็ดี ไม่ใช่เนื้อหาสูงสุด ไม่ใช่แก่น แต่มันก็มีความหมาย พาให้เราเข้าถึงประโยชน์ที่สูงสุดที่อยู่ซ่อนในนั้น เป็นหน้าที่ที่เราต้องทำความเข้าใจ หากเราอยากจะเข้าใจมัน”
“พระอาจารย์เชื่อมั่นว่า ศาสนาที่แท้ไม่ได้อยู่ในวัตถุ สิ่งของ เพราะไม่เช่นนั้นแล้ว ‘บูโรพุทโธ’ ที่เป็นศาสนสถานที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในโลก มีเจดีย์ละลานตา จะต้องมีพระ มีชาวพุทธจำนวนมากตามกัน แต่เดี๋ยวนี้เป็นอย่างไรบ้าง? รู้มั้ย?“ เด็กน้อยส่ายหน้า
“…ตอนนี้ เป็นเพียงสถานที่ท่องเที่ยว ไม่มีพระอยู่อาศัยแล้ว”
“…ที่หนูว่าจะลดวัดต่างๆ ลง นี่หนูคิดว่าจะเอาไปทำอะไรเหรอ?” “คืออย่างเอาไปเป็นสวนสาธารณะอย่างเนี่ยน่ะค่ะ”
“ดีนะ…เข้าท่า พระอาจารย์ชอบ คนอื่นจะได้มาใช้กันเยอะๆ มีต้นไม้ มีสัตว์ต่างๆ ด้วย ทุกคนจะได้สบายใจ” เด็กน้อยตาวาว
“แต่เราสามารถทำให้วัดมีต้นไม้เยอะๆ ได้มั้ยล่ะ ทำวัดให้เหมือนสวนสาธารณะไง ไอเดียดีมั้ย?” รอยยิ้มเด็กน้อยผุดขึ้น
“…ซึ่งถึงแม้พระอาจารย์ไม่อยากให้เราติดอยู่ที่วัตถุหรือรูปแบบพิธีกรรมขนาดไหน พระอาจารย์ก็เห็นประโยชน์ของมันอยู่นะ หนูดูนั่นสิ !”
ปลายนิ้วชี้ไปที่ ‘กล่องไม้แกะสลัก’ เด็กๆ ทั้งห้องหันหน้าไปมองเป็นตาเดียว
“…กล่องนี้อาจจะเป็นกล่องไม้ธรรมดาๆ ไม่มีค่าอะไร แต่พอแกะสลักปุ๊บ ดูมีค่าขึ้นมาทันทีเลย ดูแตกต่างจากกล่องอื่นๆ ช่างที่ทำก็ต้องมีฝีมือ มีเวลา ทุ่มเทเอาใจใส่กว่าจะเกิดผลงานเช่นนี้ขึ้น
“…ถ้ามีกล่องไม้หลายๆ กล่อง แล้วจะต้องเลือกเก็บไว้สักหนึ่งอัน กล่องนี้คงเป็นกล่องแรกๆ ที่ถูกเลือกก่อน
“…นี่เรียกว่า ‘คุณค่าของความสวยงาม’ พวกโบสถ์ เจดีย์ สถานที่สวยๆ งามๆ คนก็จะมาดูแลรักษาก่อน ทำความสะอาด เก็บรักษาการใช้งานที่จะเกิดขึ้นภายในอาคารเหล่านั้น พระอาจารย์เดาว่า แรกเริ่มเดิมทีธรรมเนียมนิยมในการสร้างวัดต่างๆ ให้สวยงาม คงเป็นแบบนี้”
“อีกนิดนะ เรื่องบุญหรือบาป ชวนหนูทำความเข้าใจความหมายก่อน บุญ แปลว่า การชำระใจให้สะอาด บาป แปลว่า การทำให้จิตใจตกต่ำ เศร้าหมอง”
“การที่หนูอยากจะทำสวนสาธารณะ นี่บุญหรือบาป?” “บุญค่ะ”
“ถ้าหนูรู้สึกรำคาญ อยากจะทุบวัดให้หมดๆ ไป นี่บุญหรือบาป?” “บาปค่ะ”
“แล้วถ้าหนูกราบด้วยความเข้าใจ อยากจะฝึกตนเองให้อ่อนน้อมถ่อมตน พร้อมรับฟังธรรมะจากพระ นี่บุญหรือบาป?” “บุญค่ะ”
“การที่หนูกราบแบบขอไปที หลงๆ ลืมๆ ทำตามเพื่อนๆ ไป นี่บุญหรือบาป?” เด็กน้อยนิ่ง เหลือบตามองบน
“ยังไม่ชัดใช่มั้ย?” “ค่ะ“ เธอพยักหน้าแรง
“งั้นพระอาจารย์ก็ฝากหนูสังเกต ‘ใจ’ ตัวเองนะ ว่ามันเป็นยังไง บุญหรือบาป สะอาดหรือตกต่ำ ไม่ใช่แค่การกราบ แต่เป็นทุกๆ การกระทำ คำพูด และความคิดเลย”
“นี่พระอาจารย์ พอจะตอบคำถามหนูได้กี่เปอร์เซ็นต์?” “ร้อยเปอร์เซ็นต์ค่ะ” “เหรอ…โอเค ขอบคุณมากค่ะสำหรับคำถาม”
เด็กๆ พากันกราบแล้วเดินออกจากศาลาไป ผู้เขียนอาศัย “ตีเหล็กตอนร้อน” พิจารณาชื่นชมคำถามและคำตอบเมื่อสักครู่
คำถามของเด็กน้อยคนนี้ ไม่ใช่เด็กๆ เลย คำถามเธอเป็น ‘ผู้ใหญ่’ มากกว่าผู้ใหญ่หลายคนที่เคยถามมาเสียอีก
มันทั้งความคมคาย ละเอียดและมีชั้นเชิง น้ำเสียงชัดเจน มั่นใจ เลือกแสดงออกอย่างกล้าหาญพร้อมไปกับเจือความนอบน้อมอยู่ในที ถามได้ตรงประเด็น เกิดประโยชน์ สร้างรอยหยักในสมองให้ทั้งผู้ถูกถามและผู้ร่วมฟัง
ระหว่างฟัง เธอมองหน้าและคิดตาม มีปฏิกิริยาตอบสนอง ช่วยให้เกิดการร่วมเรียนรู้ไปด้วยกัน เป็นผู้ฟังที่ดีไม่ชัดจังหวะ และที่สำคัญรอยยิ้มและแววตาของเธอได้กระจายไปให้กำลังใจเพื่อนๆ ในห้องด้วย
และนี่ มันทำให้ผู้ตอบ รู้สึกดี ภูมิใจที่ได้มานั่งอยู่ตรงนี้ ในวันนี้ เวลานี้
ดีใจจริงๆ ที่ยังมีเด็กที่มีจิตใจที่งดงาม คิดถึงธรรมชาติ และคิดทำประโยชน์สุขให้ผู้อื่นอยู่ แถมเธอยังรู้และสนใจใน “พุทธะ” ที่เป็นแก่นสารสาระที่แท้จริงอีกด้วย
“มันน่าภูมิใจจริงๆ ที่ได้รับรู้ว่าธรรมะกำลังเคลื่อนไปสู่คนรุ่นหลัง จริงมั้ยครับ?”
ผู้เขียนไม่ได้ถามใคร ได้แต่หันไปมองรูปปั้นหินอ่อนลักษณะคล้ายคนที่วางไว้ข้างหลัง น้อมระลึกถึงคุณของพระพุทธองค์ ผู้เป็นบรมครู ไม่เสื่อมคลาย
อาศรมขันติสาร บ้านไม้ที่เขาเรียกกุฏิ ๑๕ มิถุนายน ๒๕๖๖ แหล่งที่มา #Phramaha Fookij Jutipanyo
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@ 08f96856:ffe59a09
2025-05-15 01:22:34เมื่อพูดถึง Bitcoin Standard หลายคนมักนึกถึงภาพโลกอนาคตที่ทุกคนใช้บิตคอยน์ซื้อกาแฟหรือของใช้ในชีวิตประจำวัน ภาพแบบนั้นดูเหมือนไกลตัวและเป็นไปไม่ได้ในความเป็นจริง หลายคนถึงกับพูดว่า “คงไม่ทันเห็นในช่วงชีวิตนี้หรอก” แต่ในมุมมองของผม Bitcoin Standard อาจไม่ได้เริ่มต้นจากการที่เราจ่ายบิตคอยน์โดยตรงในร้านค้า แต่อาจเริ่มจากบางสิ่งที่เงียบกว่า ลึกกว่า และเกิดขึ้นแล้วในขณะนี้ นั่นคือ การล่มสลายทีละน้อยของระบบเฟียตที่เราใช้กันอยู่
ระบบเงินที่อิงกับอำนาจรัฐกำลังเข้าสู่ช่วงขาลง รัฐบาลทั่วโลกกำลังจมอยู่ในภาระหนี้ระดับประวัติการณ์ แม้แต่ประเทศมหาอำนาจก็เริ่มแสดงสัญญาณของภาวะเสี่ยงผิดนัดชำระหนี้ อัตราเงินเฟ้อกลายเป็นปัญหาเรื้อรังที่ไม่มีท่าทีจะหายไป ธนาคารที่เคยโอนฟรีเริ่มกลับมาคิดค่าธรรมเนียม และประชาชนก็เริ่มรู้สึกถึงการเสื่อมศรัทธาในระบบการเงินดั้งเดิม แม้จะยังพูดกันไม่เต็มเสียงก็ตาม
ในขณะเดียวกัน บิตคอยน์เองก็กำลังพัฒนาแบบเงียบ ๆ เงียบ... แต่ไม่เคยหยุด โดยเฉพาะในระดับ Layer 2 ที่เริ่มแสดงศักยภาพอย่างจริงจัง Lightning Network เป็น Layer 2 ที่เปิดใช้งานมาได้ระยะเวลสหนึ่ง และยังคงมีบทบาทสำคัญที่สุดในระบบนิเวศของบิตคอยน์ มันทำให้การชำระเงินเร็วขึ้น มีต้นทุนต่ำ และไม่ต้องบันทึกทุกธุรกรรมลงบล็อกเชน เครือข่ายนี้กำลังขยายตัวทั้งในแง่ของโหนดและการใช้งานจริงทั่วโลก
ขณะเดียวกัน Layer 2 ทางเลือกอื่นอย่าง Ark Protocol ก็กำลังพัฒนาเพื่อตอบโจทย์ด้านความเป็นส่วนตัวและประสบการณ์ใช้งานที่ง่าย BitVM เปิดแนวทางใหม่ให้บิตคอยน์รองรับ smart contract ได้ในระดับ Turing-complete ซึ่งทำให้เกิดความเป็นไปได้ในกรณีใช้งานอีกมากมาย และเทคโนโลยีที่น่าสนใจอย่าง Taproot Assets, Cashu และ Fedimint ก็ทำให้การออกโทเคนหรือสกุลเงินที่อิงกับบิตคอยน์เป็นจริงได้บนโครงสร้างของบิตคอยน์เอง
เทคโนโลยีเหล่านี้ไม่ใช่การเติบโตแบบปาฏิหาริย์ แต่มันคืบหน้าอย่างต่อเนื่องและมั่นคง และนั่นคือเหตุผลที่มันจะ “อยู่รอด” ได้ในระยะยาว เมื่อฐานของความน่าเชื่อถือไม่ใช่บริษัท รัฐบาล หรือทุน แต่คือสิ่งที่ตรวจสอบได้และเปลี่ยนกฎไม่ได้
แน่นอนว่าบิตคอยน์ต้องแข่งขันกับ stable coin, เงินดิจิทัลของรัฐ และ cryptocurrency อื่น ๆ แต่สิ่งที่ทำให้มันเหนือกว่านั้นไม่ใช่ฟีเจอร์ หากแต่เป็นความทนทาน และความมั่นคงของกฎที่ไม่มีใครเปลี่ยนได้ ไม่มีทีมพัฒนา ไม่มีบริษัท ไม่มีประตูปิด หรือการยึดบัญชี มันยืนอยู่บนคณิตศาสตร์ พลังงาน และเวลา
หลายกรณีใช้งานที่เคยถูกทดลองในโลกคริปโตจะค่อย ๆ เคลื่อนเข้ามาสู่บิตคอยน์ เพราะโครงสร้างของมันแข็งแกร่งกว่า ไม่ต้องการทีมพัฒนาแกนกลาง ไม่ต้องพึ่งกลไกเสี่ยงต่อการผูกขาด และไม่ต้องการ “ความเชื่อใจ” จากใครเลย
Bitcoin Standard ที่ผมพูดถึงจึงไม่ใช่การเปลี่ยนแปลงแบบพลิกหน้ามือเป็นหลังมือ แต่คือการ “เปลี่ยนฐานของระบบ” ทีละชั้น ระบบการเงินใหม่ที่อิงอยู่กับบิตคอยน์กำลังเกิดขึ้นแล้ว มันไม่ใช่โลกที่ทุกคนถือเหรียญบิตคอยน์ แต่มันคือโลกที่คนใช้อาจไม่รู้ตัวด้วยซ้ำว่า “สิ่งที่เขาใช้นั้นอิงอยู่กับบิตคอยน์”
ผู้คนอาจใช้เงินดิจิทัลที่สร้างบน Layer 3 หรือ Layer 4 ผ่านแอป ผ่านแพลตฟอร์ม หรือผ่านสกุลเงินใหม่ที่ดูไม่ต่างจากเดิม แต่เบื้องหลังของระบบจะผูกไว้กับบิตคอยน์
และถ้ามองในเชิงพัฒนาการ บิตคอยน์ก็เหมือนกับอินเทอร์เน็ต ครั้งหนึ่งอินเทอร์เน็ตก็ถูกมองว่าเข้าใจยาก ต้องพิมพ์ http ต้องรู้จัก TCP/IP ต้องตั้ง proxy เอง แต่ปัจจุบันผู้คนใช้งานอินเทอร์เน็ตโดยไม่รู้ว่าเบื้องหลังมีอะไรเลย บิตคอยน์กำลังเดินตามเส้นทางเดียวกัน โปรโตคอลกำลังถอยออกจากสายตา และวันหนึ่งเราจะ “ใช้มัน” โดยไม่ต้องรู้ว่ามันคืออะไร
หากนับจากช่วงเริ่มต้นของอินเทอร์เน็ตในยุค 1990 จนกลายเป็นโครงสร้างหลักของโลกในสองทศวรรษ เส้นเวลาของบิตคอยน์ก็กำลังเดินตามรอยเท้าของอินเทอร์เน็ต และถ้าเราเชื่อว่าวัฏจักรของเทคโนโลยีมีจังหวะของมันเอง เราก็จะรู้ว่า Bitcoin Standard นั้นไม่ใช่เรื่องของอนาคตไกลโพ้น แต่มันเกิดขึ้นแล้ว
siamstr
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@ 8d34bd24:414be32b
2025-05-14 14:31:54In case you haven’t noticed, I’ve spent a lot of time reading Revelation lately. Last night, I was reading the letters to the seven churches in Revelation. It got me thinking about the church or churches today.
“To the angel of the church in Laodicea write:
The Amen, the faithful and true Witness, the Beginning of the creation of God, says this:
‘I know your deeds, that you are neither cold nor hot; I wish that you were cold or hot. So because you are lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I will spit you out of My mouth. Because you say, “I am rich, and have become wealthy, and have need of nothing,” and you do not know that you are wretched and miserable and poor and blind and naked, I advise you to buy from Me gold refined by fire so that you may become rich, and white garments so that you may clothe yourself, and that the shame of your nakedness will not be revealed; and eye salve to anoint your eyes so that you may see. Those whom I love, I reprove and discipline; therefore be zealous and repent. Behold, I stand at the door and knock; if anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and will dine with him, and he with Me. He who overcomes, I will grant to him to sit down with Me on My throne, as I also overcame and sat down with My Father on His throne. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.’ ” (Revelation 3:14-22)
Sadly the church in Revelation, that the majority of American churches most closely resembles, is the church in Laodicea. (FYI, like most large generalizations, there are exceptions, of course)
Last I heard, America still had the most churches, Christian book stores, Christian radio stations, etc., but is America still the most Christian? I strongly have my doubts. Most modern, American churches seem to be more about socialization, entertainment, and making people feel good about themselves, even if what they really need is repentance. I even have doubts that many institutions that call themselves churches are churches (as defined by God) or have any true believers as members.
‘I know your tribulation and your poverty (but you are rich), and the blasphemy by those who say they are Jews and are not, but are a synagogue of Satan. (Revelation 2:9)
Although this verse is referring to those who call themselves Jews and are not, I think we are seeing those who say they are Christians and are not, but are a church of Satan. Of course this is definitely not true of all churches.
The most common thing I see, though, is the lukewarm churches, where members show up on Sunday, check that off their list, and then go on living life like everyone else around them. Surveys show that rates of divorce, abortion, and other anti-biblical choices are as common among self-proclaimed Christians as among those who claim no faith.
These churches hear the Bible, but don’t hunger for the Word of God. They listen to God’s commands, but don’t live them out in their daily lives. Just like the Pharisees, they have the trappings of religion, but not the spirit of God. Worship is singing along with a rock band rather than falling on their face in awe of their Creator.
Just like what was predicted:
For the time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine; but wanting to have their ears tickled, they will accumulate for themselves teachers in accordance to their own desires, and will turn away their ears from the truth and will turn aside to myths. (2 Timothy 4:3-4) {emphasis mine}
Church services become self-help services. The word of God gets subverted by culture and “science.” Some church leaders intentionally ignore certain passages and take others out of context, so they will be popular and have growth. Sadly a growth in “butts in seats” is not what matters, if it isn’t accompanied by a growth in trust in Jesus and a growth in discipleship. These churches give a lot of people the false hope that they will be going to Heaven when they die. They will be shocked to hear “I never knew you.”
“Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father who is in heaven will enter. Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demons, and in Your name perform many miracles?’ And then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you who practice lawlessness.’ (Matthew 7:21-23) {emphasis mine}
Like the church in Laodicea, the church in America is rich in material wealth compared to others. Like the church in Laodicea, the American church relies too much on their wealth and freedom instead of putting their faith in God through good times and bad. Like the church in Laodicea, the American church has the trappings of faith without the reality of faith as shown by works (lifestyle). Most unfortunately, like the church in Laodicea, the American church is full of people who will almost certainly hear “I never knew you.”
What does Jesus say the solution is? “Be zealous and repent.”
Nothing in life should be more important to us than our relationship with our Creator and Savior. If we’ve relegated Him to the margins, we need to repent. We need to turn back to God and seek Him first.
Do not worry then, saying, ‘What will we eat?’ or ‘What will we drink?’ or ‘What will we wear for clothing?’ For the Gentiles eagerly seek all these things; for your heavenly Father knows that you need all these things. But seek first His kingdom and His righteousness, and all these things will be added to you. (Matthew 6:31-33) {emphasis mine}
Even if we aren’t actively doing evil, it is so easy to get distracted by life and not include God in our lives. Instead of God being just someone who we worship for and hour or two on Sunday morning and pray to at meals, He should be our guiding force for all things in our lives. He should be our focus and guiding light. We should long for His word and study the Bible daily. We should seek His guidance in decisions big and small. We should interact with others with the same goals and love as Jesus did when He was living a mortal life on earth. Our lives should look different.
I love what was said about Jesus’s disciples:
Now as they observed the confidence of Peter and John and understood that they were uneducated and untrained men, they were amazed, and began to recognize them as having been with Jesus. (Acts 4:13) {emphasis mine}
I want everyone who meets me to see Jesus in me and recognize that I have been with Jesus. Do you? Or do you want to blend in and look like those around you because that is easier and more comfortable?
Now for this very reason also, applying all diligence, in your faith supply moral excellence, and in your moral excellence, knowledge, and in your knowledge, self-control, and in your self-control, perseverance, and in your perseverance, godliness, and in your godliness, brotherly kindness, and in your brotherly kindness, love. For if these qualities are yours and are increasing, they render you neither useless nor unfruitful in the true knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. For he who lacks these qualities is blind or short-sighted, having forgotten his purification from his former sins. Therefore, brethren, be all the more diligent to make certain about His calling and choosing you; for as long as you practice these things, you will never stumble; for in this way the entrance into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ will be abundantly supplied to you. (2 Peter 1:5-11) {emphasis mine}
Peter gives some good advice on becoming more Christ-like and fruitful. He tells us to apply all diligence in:
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faith
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moral excellence
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perseverance
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godliness
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brotherly kindness
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love
He tells us that lacking these traits is “blind or short-sighted” and leads to us being unfruitful and useless. I don’t know about you, but I do NOT want Jesus to think of me as useless.
May the God of heaven increase your faith, grow your desire to know God through prayer and study of His Word, and help you to live the life you were designed to live. May he help you to avoid worldly distractions and to have the strength to stand firm on the foundation of Jesus especially when this means you have to stand up against the crowd. May you be fruitful and useful all of the days of your life.
Trust Jesus.
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@ 472f440f:5669301e
2025-05-14 13:17:04Marty's Bent
via me
It seems like every other day there's another company announced that is going public with the intent of competing with Strategy by leveraging capital markets to create financial instruments to acquire Bitcoin in a way that is accretive for shareholders. This is certainly a very interesting trend, very bullish for bitcoin in the short-term, and undoubtedly making it so bitcoin is top of mind in the mainstream. I won't pretend to know whether or not these strategies will ultimately be successful or fail in the short, medium or long term. However, one thing I do know is that the themes that interest me, both here at TFTC and in my role as Managing Partner at Ten31, are companies that are building good businesses that are efficient, have product-market-fit, generate revenues and profits and roll those profits into bitcoin.
While it seems pretty clear that Strategy has tapped into an arbitrage that exists in capital markets, it's not really that exciting. From a business perspective, it's actually pretty straightforward and simple; find where potential arbitrage opportunities exists between pools of capital looking for exposure to spot bitcoin or bitcoin's volatility but can't buy the actual asset, and provide them with products that give them access to exposure while simultaneously creating a cult-like retail following. Rinse and repeat. To the extent that this strategy is repeatable is yet to be seen. I imagine it can expand pretty rapidly. Particularly if we have a speculative fervor around companies that do this. But in the long run, I think the signal is falling back to first principles, looking for businesses that are actually providing goods and services to the broader economy - not focused on the hyper-financialized part of the economy - to provide value and create efficiencies that enable higher margins and profitability.
With this in mind, I think it's important to highlight the combined leverage that entrepreneurs have by utilizing bitcoin treasuries and AI tools that are emerging and becoming more advanced by the week. As I said in the tweet above, there's never been a better time to start a business that finds product-market fit and cash flows quickly with a team of two to three people. If you've been reading this rag over the last few weeks, you know that I've been experimenting with these AI tools and using them to make our business processes more efficient here at TFTC. I've also been using them at Ten31 to do deep research and analysis.
It has become abundantly clear to me that any founder or entrepreneur that is not utilizing the AI tools that are emerging is going to get left behind. As it stands today, all anyone has to do to get an idea from a thought in your head to the prototype stage to a minimum viable product is to hop into something like Claude or ChatGPT, have a brief conversation with an AI model that can do deep research about a particular niche that you want to provide a good service to and begin building.
Later this week, I will launch an app called Opportunity Cost in the Chrome and Firefox stores. It took me a few hours of work over the span of a week to ideate and iterate on the concept to the point where I had a working prototype that I handed off to a developer who is solving the last mile problem I have as an "idea guy" of getting the product to market. Only six months ago, accomplishing something like this would have been impossible for me. I've never written a line of code that's actually worked outside of the modded MySpace page I made back in middle school. I've always had a lot of ideas but have never been able to effectively communicate them to developers who can actually build them. With a combination of ChatGPT-03 and Replit, I was able to build an actual product that works. I'm using it in my browser today. It's pretty insane.
There are thousands of people coming to the same realization at the same time right now and going out there and building niche products very cheaply, with small teams, they are getting to market very quickly, and are amassing five figures, six figures, sometimes seven figures of MRR with extremely high profit margins. What most of these entrepreneurs have not really caught on to yet is that they should be cycling a portion - in my opinion, a large portion - of those profits into bitcoin. The combination of building a company utilizing these AI tools, getting it to market, getting revenue and profits, and turning those profits into bitcoin cannot be understated. You're going to begin seeing teams of one to ten people building businesses worth billions of dollars and they're going to need to store the value they create, any money that cannot be debased.
nostr:nprofile1qyx8wumn8ghj7cnjvghxjmcpz4mhxue69uhk2er9dchxummnw3ezumrpdejqqgy8fkmd9kmm8yp4lea2cx0g8fyz27g4ud7572j4edx2v6lz6aa23qmp5dth , one of the co-founders of Ten31, wrote about this in early 2024, bitcoin being the fourth lever of equity value growth for companies.
Bitcoin Treasury - The Fourth Lever to Equity Value Growth
We already see this theme playing out at Ten31 with some of our portfolio companies, most notably nostr:nprofile1qy2hwumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgqgdwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkcqpqex7mdykw786qxvmtuls208uyxmn0hse95rfwsarvfde5yg6wy7jqjrm2qp , which recently released some of their financials, highlighting the fact that they're extremely profitable with high margins and a relatively small team (\~75). This is extremely impressive, especially when you consider the fact that they're a global company competing with the likes of Coinbase and Block, which have each thousands of employees.
Even those who are paying attention to the developments in the AI space and how the tools can enable entrepreneurs to build faster aren't really grasping the gravity of what's at play here. Many are simply thinking of consumer apps that can be built and distributed quickly to market, but the ways in which AI can be implemented extend far beyond the digital world. Here's a great example of a company a fellow freak is building with the mindset of keeping the team small, utilizing AI tools to automate processes and quickly push profits into bitcoin.
via Cormac
Again, this is where the exciting things are happening in my mind. People leveraging new tools to solve real problems to drive real value that ultimately produce profits for entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs who decide to save those profits in bitcoin will find that the equity value growth of their companies accelerates exponentially as they provide more value, gain more traction, and increase their profits while also riding the bitcoin as it continues on its monetization phase. The compounded leverage of building a company that leverages AI tools and sweeps profits into bitcoin is going to be one of the biggest asymmetric plays of the next decade. Personally, I also see it as something that's much more fulfilling than the pure play bitcoin treasury companies that are coming to market because consumers and entrepreneurs are able to recive and provide a ton of value in the real economy.
If you're looking to stay on top of the developments in the AI space and how you can apply the tools to help build your business or create a new business, I highly recommend you follow somebody like Greg Isenberg, whose Startup Ideas Podcast has been incredibly valuable for me as I attempt to get a lay of the land of how to implement AI into my businesses.
America's Two Economies
In my recent podcast with Lyn Alden, she outlined how our trade deficits create a cycle that's reshaping America's economic geography. As Alden explained, US trade deficits pump dollars into international markets, but these dollars don't disappear - they return as investments in US financial assets. This cycle gradually depletes industrial heartlands while enriching financial centers on the coasts, creating what amounts to two separate American economies.
"We're basically constantly taking economic vibrancy out of Michigan and Ohio and rural Pennsylvania where the steel mills were... and stuffing it back into financial assets in New York and Silicon Valley." - nostr:nprofile1qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytndv9kxjm3wdahxcqg5waehxw309ahx7um5wfekzarkvyhxuet5qqsw4v882mfjhq9u63j08kzyhqzqxqc8tgf740p4nxnk9jdv02u37ncdhu7e3
This pattern has persisted for over four decades, accelerating significantly since the early 1980s. Alden emphasized that while economists may argue there's still room before reaching a crisis point, the political consequences are already here. The growing divide between these two Americas has fueled populist sentiment as voters who feel left behind seek economic rebalancing, even if they can't articulate the exact mechanisms causing their hardship.
Check out the full podcast here for more on China's manufacturing dominance, Trump's tariff strategy, and the future of Bitcoin as a global reserve asset. All discussed in under 60 minutes.
Headlines of the Day
Trump's Saudi Summit: Peace and Economic Ties - via X
MSTR Edges Closer To S\&P 500 With Just 89 Trading Days Left - via X
Get our new STACK SATS hat - via tftcmerch.io
Individuals Shed 247K Bitcoin As Businesses Gain 157K - via X
Looking for the perfect video to push the smartest person you know from zero to one on bitcoin? Bitcoin, Not Crypto is a three-part master class from Parker Lewis and Dhruv Bansal that cuts through the noise—covering why 21 million was the key technical simplification that made bitcoin possible, why blockchains don’t create decentralization, and why everything else will be built on bitcoin.
Ten31, the largest bitcoin-focused investor, has deployed 144,229 sats | $150.00M across 30+ companies through three funds. I am a Managing Partner at Ten31 and am very proud of the work we are doing. Learn more at ten31.vc/invest.
Final thought...
My boys have started a game in the car where we count how many Waymos we see on the road while driving around town. Pretty crazy how innately stoked they are about that particular car.
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@ 502ab02a:a2860397
2025-05-15 01:03:05วันหนึ่งเฮียนั่งอ่านบทความที่ชื่อว่า “Lactose, we need to talk” จากเว็บไซต์ของบริษัท Formo ผู้ผลิตชีสที่บอกว่า “ไม่ต้องมีวัว ก็อร่อยได้” ด้วยเทคโนโลยีหมักจุลินทรีย์อัจฉริยะจากเยอรมนี ที่เราเคยคุยเรื่องนี้กันไปแล้ว มันฟังดูเหมือนจะเป็นนวัตกรรมสุดเจ๋งที่เป็นมิตรกับทั้งโลกและกระเพาะ แต่พอเฮียไล่อ่านลึกลงไปเรื่อย ๆ กลับเจอกลยุทธ์ทางการตลาดที่ชวนให้ขมวดคิ้วไม่แพ้ชีสที่กินแล้วลิ้นฝาด ขอใส่ไอคอนการ์ตูนไว้หน่อยนะครับ จะได้ไม่ลายตา เพราะเราจะแบ่งช่วงมาวิเคราะห์กันเป็นข้อๆ
🍶 บทความของ Formo เปิดประโยคด้วยการตั้งคำถามถึง “การดื่มนมจากสัตว์ต่างสายพันธุ์” พร้อมยกประเด็นเรื่อง Lactose Intolerance ว่าเป็นสิ่งผิดปกติที่คนเรายังดื่มนมทั้งที่ร่างกายคนส่วนใหญ่ (โดยเฉพาะชาวเอเชียและแอฟริกัน) ไม่มีเอนไซม์ย่อยแลคโตสในวัยผู้ใหญ่
ฟังผ่าน ๆ ดูน่าเชื่อ แต่อย่าลืมว่า แลคโตสไม่ได้อยู่ในชีสทุกชนิด และหลายคนที่แพ้นมกลับกินชีสแท้ ๆ จากวัวได้สบายมาก โดยเฉพาะชีสหมักระยะยาว เช่น พาร์เมซาน เชดดาร์ หรือกูด้า ที่แลคโตสแทบเป็นศูนย์ ซึ่งต่างจากชีสทางเลือกที่ผลิตด้วยกระบวนการเร่ง ที่ไม่ได้หมักตามธรรมชาติ
ดังนั้น วัวไม่ผิด แค่ถูกพูดถึงในบริบทที่เสียเปรียบ การกล่าวหานมวัวด้วยข้อมูลเรื่อง lactose intolerance โดยไม่พูดถึงชีส aged ที่ไม่มีแลคโตสเลย เป็นการจงใจเบี่ยงข้อมูลเพื่อสร้างอารมณ์ด้านลบต่อ dairy ทั้งระบบ
🧬Formo บอกว่า คนที่ย่อยแลคโตสได้ในวัยผู้ใหญ่คือ “ผู้กลายพันธุ์” เพราะธรรมชาติไม่ตั้งใจให้เราดื่มนมหลังหย่านม ฟังดูเหมือนเน้นธรรมชาติ แต่เฮียอยากถามว่า “ถ้าอย่างนั้นการสวมแว่น การกินวิตามิน การตั้งไฟหุงข้าว คือการฝืนธรรมชาติหมดเลยหรือเปล่า?” หรือจะหนักกว่านั้น ให้ย้ำไปเลยไหมว่า การกินวิตามินซี คือการทรยศต่อวิวัฒนาการ เพราะในยุคดึกดำบรรพ์มนุษย์เคยสังเคราะห์วิตามินซีได้เอง ก่อนที่ความสามารถนี้จะสูญสลายไปเพราะร่างกายเลือกใช้ ยูริก ที่มีประสิทธิภาพกว่า ดังนั้น การมองยีนที่วิวัฒนาการเพื่อย่อยแลคโตสเป็น “กลายพันธุ์ผิดธรรมชาติ” นั้นย้อนแย้งกับหลักการวิวัฒนาการเอง “ยีนย่อยแลคโตส” ไม่ใช่ความผิดปกติ
🥬 ในบทความยังแนะนำว่า เราสามารถได้แคลเซียมจากคะน้า บรอกโคลี และเต้าหู้ โดยไม่ต้องพึ่งนมวัว เฮียอยากให้ใจเย็นแล้วคิดแบบไม่อคติ จริงอยู่ ผักพวกนี้มีแคลเซียม แต่ปริมาณที่กินต่อครั้ง กินง่าย และการดูดซึม (Bioavailability) แตกต่างกันมาก แถมผักใบเขียวพวกนี้ยังมี oxalate สูง ซึ่งไปจับกับแคลเซียมแล้วร่างกายดูดซึมไม่ได้ นี่ยังไม่พูดถึงว่าเต้าหู้ในบทความเป็นแบบเต้าหู้แข็งที่ทำจากแคลเซียมซัลเฟต ซึ่งเป็นแคลเซียมสังเคราะห์ ไม่ใช่แหล่งแร่ธาตุตามธรรมชาติแบบในนมวัวอยู่ดี การเปรียบเทียบแคลเซียมจากผัก ก็ไม่ต่างกับการเปรียบเทียบกล้วยกับปลา มันคนละเรื่องกัน
💔 ชูเรื่องสิว หัวใจ มะเร็ง แบบไม่มีบริบท Formo ยังโยงว่าการดื่มนมวัวสัมพันธ์กับสิว ปัญหาผิว โรคหัวใจ ไปจนถึงมะเร็งบางชนิด ซึ่งเป็นข้อมูลที่เคยถูกพูดถึงในงานวิจัยบางกลุ่ม แต่ ไม่มีฉันทามติทางวิทยาศาสตร์ชัดเจน และส่วนใหญ่ปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องมักจะเป็นอาหารแปรรูป น้ำตาลสูง หรืออาหาร ultra-processed dairy ไม่ใช่นมดิบหรือชีสแท้จากฟาร์มจริง
🧀 แล้วชีสจาก Formo มีดีจริงรึเปล่า ก็ต้องยอมรับว่าเทคโนโลยี precision fermentation ที่ใช้เชื้อรา (เช่น Aspergillus oryzae) ผลิตโปรตีนคล้ายเคซีนของ Formo นั้นล้ำและน่าสนใจในแง่วิทยาศาสตร์ แต่ในแง่ ความสมบูรณ์ทางโภชนาการและความใกล้ชิดธรรมชาติ ยังห่างจากชีสแท้ที่เกิดจากนมและจุลินทรีย์ตามธรรมชาติแบบหลายช่วงตัว ชีสแท้ ๆ มีจุลินทรีย์โพรไบโอติกส์ กรดไขมันสายสั้น และวิตามินจากหญ้า เช่น K2 ที่เกิดจากวัวที่เลี้ยงด้วย grass-fed ซึ่งทั้งหมดนี้ Formo ยังเลียนแบบไม่ได้ เทคโนโลยีชีสไร้วัวอาจดูสะอาดและควบคุมได้ดีในห้องแล็บ แต่ยังไม่ใช่ "อาหารตามธรรมชาติ" ที่ร่างกายรู้จักมาตลอดวิวัฒนาการ
Formo ใช้บทความ “Lactose, we need to talk” เป็นเหมือนการ “ตั้งวงซุบซิบนินทาวัว” อย่างมีชั้นเชิง ด้วยการเอาข้อเท็จจริงมาครึ่งหนึ่ง แล้วผสมกลิ่นอารมณ์และความรู้สึกผิดเข้าไปอีกครึ่งหนึ่ง จนกลายเป็นการเล่าเรื่องที่ดูจริงใจแต่ซ่อนความตั้งใจขายของอยู่ข้างใน
เฮียไม่มีสิทธิ์บอกว่า Formo ดีหรือไม่ดีนะครับ แม้นวัตกรรมแบบนี้อาจมีที่ยืนในโลกอนาคต ไม่ว่าเราจะเลือกได้หรือไม่ได้ก็ตาม แต่ในปัจจุบันในฐานะผู้บริโภค เราควรฝึกการมองตลาดด้วยสมองและสัญชาตญาณ ไม่ใช่แค่ตามกระแสที่โจมตีวัวในขณะที่ยกย่องแล็บ
โลกทุกวันนี้มักใช้วิธีนี้เช่นกันครับ มันเป็นวิธีเดิมๆ ที่ได้ผลเสมอ ดังนั้นปัญหาจึงไม่ได้อยู่ที่ว่าพวกเขาจะพูดด้านเดียวบ่อยแค่ไหน เพราะจุดประสงค์เขาคืออยากให้เราเชื่อ ปัญหาจึงอยู่ที่พวกเราต่างหาก ว่าสะสมความรู้ให้เพียงพอกับการรับมือการใช้สื่อ จากคนบางคนได้อย่างมีภูมิคุ้มกันแค่ไหน เพราะเกมส์นี้ก็ยังคงต้องดำเนินต่อไปจนกว่าการครอบครองตลาดจะสมบูรณ์ครับ ดังนั้น information attack ก็ยังคงดำเนินต่อไป ไม่ว่าจะด้านสารอาหาร การรักโลก หรือ สิ่งที่ทำให้หนักใจเสมอ แล้วมีความกดดันอย่างสูงนั่นคือ การลงมาเล่นด้าน จริยธรรม
คำถามที่สำคัญเหนือสิ่งใดคือ ทางรอดคืออะไร
ผมแนบต้นฉบับบทความนั้นมาให้ด้วยครับ ต้องยอมรับครับว่าเขียนได้ดีเลยและน่าคล้อยตามมากๆ อ่อ อ่านแล้วคุ้นๆไหมครับ ที่เฮียเคยเตือนว่า อย่าไปตั้งให้นมเป็นอาหารเทพนัก หลายๆส่วนระหว่างบรรทัด ก็ใช่ว่าจะไม่จริงไปเสียทั้งหมดนะครับ แค่บริบทโดยรวม มัน mislead ไปหน่อย
Lactose, we need to talk: The drama behind dairy’s hidden sugar
Cue the violins—it’s the classic love story with a tragic twist: us and dairy. We crave it, we drizzle it, we melt it, we scoop it. But hidden beneath that creamy, dreamy goodness? A troublemaker called lactose.
It might sound harmless, but for a lot of us, lactose is the culprit behind dairy’s not-so-pleasant side effects. In fact, the majority of the world’s population struggles to digest it properly.
So why do we keep chugging cow’s milk like it’s the elixir of life? And how did dairy become such a staple in our diets?
Grab your favorite cheese alternative (might we suggest Frischhain?) and join us for a deep dive into the world of lactose—what it is, why it matters, and how we are stepping in with our animal-free cheese to save the day.
“In a way, being able to chug a glass of milk without consequences is actually a genetic anomaly—one that we pretty much engineered ourselves over thousands of years.” The inside scoop: What’s LActose? Let’s start with the basics. Lactose is the natural sugar found in dairy milk—a built-in sweetener, if you will. But here’s the twist: your body needs a special enzyme called lactase to break it down. Without enough lactase, lactose turns into the life of the digestion-party you didn’t RSVP to: bloating, cramps, and a whole lot of regret.
As infants, our bodies produce plenty of lactase to digest breast milk. But for most of us, that enzyme naturally switches off once we grow into adulthood. In fact, until just a few thousand years ago, lactose intolerance (or “lactase nonpersistence”) was the norm for all adults.
Lactose Tolerance: A genetic Mutation Still today, nearly 70% of the global population are actually lactose intolerant—so, a heck of a lot of people. In certain regions, like East Asia and Africa, that number shoots up to almost 100%. But then, there’s a select few of us who can drink dairy milk without any drama. How’s that possible?
Well, here’s where it gets interesting. The ability to digest lactose as adults—also known as “lactase persistence”—isn’t evenly spread across the globe. Instead, it’s much more common in certain populations—specifically, those with a long history of dairying. Over 10,000 years ago, some humans began herding cows and drinking their milk, eventually triggering a genetic mutation that allowed them to keep producing lactase into adulthood. This trait is especially common in Northern Europe, for instance in Scandinavia and the Netherlands, where dairy farming has been a way of life for millennia.
It may sound weird, but essentially, some populations forced their own evolution by consuming a whole lot of dairy. That’s right. In a way, being able to chug a glass of milk without consequences is actually a genetic anomaly—one that we pretty much engineered ourselves over thousands of years.
The Dairy dilemma: why drink milk from cows? When you really stop and think about it, the need for this genetic mutation kind of makes sense—because, well, we’re not baby cows.
Just like human breast milk is designed to nourish human babies, cow’s milk is specifically made to take a tiny calf and turn it into a full-grown, 500-kilo cow—fast. It’s packed with nutrients meant to help calves double their birth weight in just a couple of months and pack on hundreds of kilos in their first year.
And yet, here we are, well past weaning age, still reaching for a glass of milk—and not just any milk, but milk from an entirely different species. Yeah… kinda weird, huh?
Wait… Do we even need Dairy milk? Remember those food pyramids we all grew up with—the ones that taught us that milk = calcium = strong bones? Well, here’s the interesting part: while we’ve been led to believe that dairy is the ultimate source of calcium, we can actually absorb up to twice as much calcium from leafy greens like kale and bok choy or from broccoli than from milk. Plus, other plant-based sources like firm tofu, fortified plant milks, and fortified juices have plenty of calcium, too.
And here’s the real kicker: more milk doesn’t always mean stronger bones. In fact, several recent studies suggest that high dairy consumption may actually increase the risk of fractures—especially in women. Who saw that coming?
Oh, and while we were all chugging milk to “build strong bones,” no one mentioned the extra ingredients tagging along—cholesterol, antibiotics, growth hormones… and who knows what else.
Some not-so-lovely side effects Alright, let’s get real for a moment. Dairy isn’t just a digestion bummer for many—it can be linked to serious health risks:
Heart Disease & High Cholesterol: Dairy is loaded with saturated fat, contributing to heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and even Alzheimer’s. Increased Cancer Risk: High dairy intake has been tied to higher risks of liver, breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Skin Woes: Acne, eczema, and premature aging can be unwelcome side effects of dairy consumption. Dairy has been marketed as a universal health food for decades, yet its consumption patterns have been shaped more by industry influence than genuine nutritional necessity. Lactose intolerance isn’t a niche issue—it’s a reminder that our dietary norms are far from one-size-fits-all.
Beyond lactose: The ripple effects of dairy But avoiding dairy isn’t just about avoiding an upset stomach—it’s about the planet and the animals, too. Dairy farming uses a staggering amount of water and land, and the industry is a huge contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Not to mention, billions of cows suffer day in, day out, just so we can drink their milk.
And, while we’re at it, let’s bust a myth real quick. That comforting little story about how somehow, we’re “doing cows a favor” by milking them constantly—because otherwise, they’d explode or something? Well…that’s not exactly how it works. Like humans, cows don’t just produce milk on command. They only lactate after giving birth, and in the dairy industry, that’s usually after forcible artificial insemination. Mother and baby are separated almost immediately, and the male calves? They’re either sent to the veal industry or killed right away as surplus.
Cows aren’t built to be milked non-stop, and the constant milking can cause serious health problems, like mastitis (a painful udder infection), lameness, and other injuries.
So yeah—not exactly the family-friendly scenes you might imagine.
“Our mission goes beyond creating tasty alternatives—we’re envisioning a future where indulgence doesn’t come at the expense of animals or the planet.” The frischhain twist: animal-free, lactose-free, problem-free Let’s face it: traditional dairy has a lot of baggage. But breaking up with lactose doesn’t mean giving up on cheese*alternatives. That’s where we come in.
Our animal-free cheese is crafted without cows, using cutting-edge microfermentation to produce Koji protein—closely resembling traditional whey proteins. The result? Delicious cheese*alternatives that’s better for your tummy, your health, and the planet.
No more bloating. No more stomach aches. Just cheesy*alternative goodness—guilt-free.
What’s more, each pack of our cream cheese alternative Frischhain packs 10.9g of protein, saves 1.2kg of CO2 emissions, and uses far less water and land. If that’s not reason enough to give it a go, we’re not sure what is!
why cutting down on dairy is a win for everyone Look, even if you’re not lactose intolerant, switching to animal-free dairy has major perks:
Happy Digestion: Dairy-free options make digestion smoother and help prevent bloating, discomfort, and even energy crashes. Better Skin & Hormones: Going dairy-free can improve skin clarity, reduce inflammation, and balance hormones. Planet-Friendly: Ditching dairy helps reduce excessive water use, land destruction, and greenhouse gas emissions. It’s an easy way to reduce your carbon footprint. Cruelty-Free: Supporting dairy alternatives means less harm to animals, especially the billions of cows in factory farms the future of dairy: diverse, delicious, and dairy-free One of the most exciting aspects of shifting away from traditional dairy is the sheer diversity of alternatives. From fermented nut cheeses to innovative proteins made with micro fermentation, the industry is moving beyond simple substitutions and into entirely new taste and texture experiences. Lactose-free options have never been more delicious or more readily available. And the best part? They’re made for humans, not cows.
Our mission goes beyond creating tasty alternatives—we’re envisioning a future where indulgence doesn’t come at the expense of animals or the planet. So, whether you’re lactose-intolerant, eco-conscious, or just obsessed with really good cheesealternatives, why not give our cow-free cheesealternative a try? The future of dairy is here—and it’s deliciously dairy-free.
#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr
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@ e2c72a5a:bfacb2ee
2025-05-15 00:57:01gm, just zap on AFK using Starknet cross-swap ;)
MVP here but new version is coming https://afk-community.xyz
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@ 119356ac:740a8b90
2025-05-14 23:08:09► Video Tools
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- PlayVideo - Google Drive Video Player
- MotionMonkey - Stream Online Videos in Player
- StreamLink - Extract Videos from Sites to Players / Twitch Adblock / GitHub
- Hohoema - Nico Nico Video Player
- polsy.org.uk - Alt Players for Video Sites
▷ Stream Sync
- ⭐ SyncPlay - App
- ⭐ Watch2Gether - Online Player
- ⭐ SyncWatch - Online Extension
- ⭐ Kosmi - Online Player
- ⭐ WatchParty - Online / Virtual Browser
- ⭐ neko / GitHub - Docker Virtual Browser
- HyperBeam / VIP - Virtual Computer Embed
- Trast, OpenTogetherTube, TurtleTV or twoseven - Online Player
- bear.cat - Online Virtual Machine / Allows NSFW
- Metastream - Online Extension / Discord / GitHub / X
- Caracal Club - Online Video Player
- CyTube - Online Video Player
- VideoTogether - App
- baked.live - Online Video Player
- Rave.io - Online Extension
- MovieNight / Discord - Docker
- Kast - Screen Share
- Screen Share Party - Online Screen Share
▷ MPV Tools
- ↪️ MPV Shaders
- MPV Config Guide, 2, 3
- ModernX, tethys or uosc - Alt User Interfaces
- Simple MPV WebUI - WebUI Controller
- MPV Context Menu
- MPV Scripts - Userscripts
- VideoClip, 2 - Clip Tool
- MPV WebM - WebM Tool
- Play With MPV or ff2mpv - Open Videos with MPV
- MPV WebTorrent Hook - Torrent Streaming
- AutoSubSync MPV - Sub Sync
- MPV SponsorBlock, 2 - SponsorBlock for MPV
- ThumbFast - MPV Thumbnails
▷ VLC Tools
- 🌐 Awesome VLC - VLC Resources
- VLSub - Sub Downloader
- VLC Skin - VLC Skins
- VLC Slow Seek Fix
► Media Servers
- 🌐 Auto Download Tool Index
- ⭐ Jellyfin - Media Server
- ⭐ Kodi - Media Server
- TRaSH Guides / Discord or The Complete Guide - Server Setup Guides
- Self-hosted Anime - Anime Server Setup Guides
- Prowlarr, FlexGet or /r/softwarr - Autodownload Tools
- Organizr, Reiverr or Homarr - Media Server Managers
- Fixarr - Media Server File Renamer
- HTPC Download Box - Media Server Automation
- Emby - Media Server
- Plex - Media Server
- Universal Media Server - Media Server
- OSMC - Media Server
- Kawaii-Player - Media Server
- Streama - Media Server
- Gerbera - Media Server
- Homehost - Media Server
- Dim - Media Server
- Kyoo - Media Server
- WatchIt / GitHub / Discord - Media Server
- SimpleDLNA - Media Server
- Chocolate - Media Server
- Media-Hoarder - Media Catalog Frontend
- Seanime - Anime Server
- Frames - Google Drive Server
- HTPC - Home Theater PC guides / Subreddit
- MSX - Web App
- ErsatzTV or dizqueTV - Live Channel Media Servers
- YTDL-Sub - Add YouTube Channels to Media Servers / GitHub
- xTeVe - Plex / Emby M3U Proxy
- Ombi - Plex / Emby User Request Management
▷ Plex Tools
- Reddit Guide - Plex Setup Guides
- Tautulli - Server Monitor / Note
- SuperPlex - Plex Plugins
- Kitana - Plugin Frontend
- Plex Ripper - Merge Plex Libraries w/ Your Own
- PlexDrive or mergerfs - Mount Google Drive
- SyncLounce - Media Sync
- PseudoTV - Create TV Channels
- Overseerr - User Requests / IMDb Extension
- Pasta Tool - Audio / Sub Changer
▷ Jellyfin Tools
- 🌐 Awesome Jellyfin - Jellyfin Resources
- ⭐ Blink, Fladder or jellyfin-media-player - Desktop Clients
- /r/JellyfinShare - Jellyfin Server Sharing
- Jellyfin Forum - Official Jellyfin Forum
- Jellyfin Vue - Jellyfin Web Client
- Jellyfin "arr" Setup Guide
- Jellyfin Customization Guide
- Jellyfin Themes
- Jellyseerr - User Requests
- Jellyfin RPC - Jellyfin Discord Rich Presence
▷ Kodi Tools
- ⭐ Elementum - Torrent Streaming / Trakt Sync / Similar to Stremio + Torrentio
- EverythingKodi - Kodi Addon Tutorials
- Kodi Builds Chart
- /r/Addons4Kodi / Tracker / Trending - Kodi Addons
- Kodi Skins or WIP Skins - Kodi Skins
- Synko - Kodi Stream Sync
- Plex Kodi Connect or plex-for-kodi - Plex for Kodi
- quasar - Torrent Plugin
- IPTV Client
- Simkl - Media Tracker
- tinyMediaManager or MediaElch - Media Collection Managers
► Video Download
- ↪️ YouTube Video Downloaders
- ↪️ Twitch Video Downloaders
- ↪️ Download Managers
- ⭐ yt-dlp or YTDL-PATCHED - Multi-Site / Commands / Zoom Fix / Discord
- ⭐ cobalt - Multi-Site / Online / Instances / Playlist Support, 2
- ⭐ 9xbuddy, 2, 3 - Multi-Site / Online
- ⭐ Download Helper, FetchV or MPMux - Extensions
- CD(R)M-Project - DRM Tools / Discord
- VideoFK - Multi-Site / Online
- you-get - Multi-Site / CLI
- Hitomi Downloader - Multi-Site / Software
- SCrawler - Multi-Site / Software / Discord
- Musvkrobot - Multi-Site / Telegram Bot
- myfaveTT, SnapTik or tiktok-to-ytdlp - TikTok
- Threads Downloader - Threads
- Piner - Pinterest / Online
- hls-downloader, hls extension or hlsloader - HLS Downloaders
- GetWVKeys - Send Widevine Requests / GitHub
► Video Editing
- ⭐ /r/VideoEditing - Video Editing Subreddit / Wiki
- ⭐ Eyecandy - Visual Technique Examples
- ⭐ Waifu2x GUI, Video2x, Enhancr, Lossless Scaling or Dandere2x - Video Upscaling
- Codecs and Containers - Info on Codecs & Containers
- ALF FreeWare VideoCODECs, Codec Guide or Free-Codecs - Video Codec Collections
- VideoHelp Forum - Video Editing Forums
▷ Video Editors
- ⭐ LosslessCut - Video Editor
- ⭐ kdenlive - Video Editor / GitHub
- ⭐ DaVinci Resolve - Video Editor / Sign-Up Required
- ⭐ Shotcut - Video Editor
- Auto-Editor - CLI Editor
- MoviePy - Python Editor
- Webm Generator - Webm Editor
- avisynth or VapourSynth - Video Processors
- Source Filmmaker - Steam Movie-Making Tool / Resources
- OpenRV - Image / Sequence Playback Review
- Remotion - Video Editor
- Olive - Video Editor
- EZVid - Video Editor
- OpenShot - Video Editor
- Lightworks - Video Editor
- VSDC - Video Editor
- Pitivi - Video Editor
- Visla - Video Editor
- Windows Movie Maker, 2, 3 - Video Editor
- Avidemux - Cut / Filter / Encode
- suckless-cut or vidcutter - Cut / Trim Videos
- Opus - Clip Creator
- Kurku or FreeMoCap - Motion Tracking Tools
- VSeeFace - Face / Hand Tracking VRM
▷ Online Editors
- ⭐ wide.video - Discord
- ⭐ Pikimov - Use Edge or Chrome
- ⭐ Mastershot - Sign-Up Required
- VideoToolbox - Sign-Up Required
- VideoInu - Works Offline
- Panzoid
- vidmix
- Video Cutter
- Omniclip - GitHub / Discord
- Vididoo - Multitool
- VideoCandy - Multitool
- Video2Edit - Multitool
- Crop Video - Crop Videos
- LoopVid - Loop Videos
- Crossfade - Video / Audio Crossfading
- VidLouder - Increase Video Volume
- Convert2Video - Image / Audio to Video
▷ Video Enhancement / Effects
- Video Enhance AI - Video Enhancement Tool / Search "Topaz" on LR
- Gyroflow - Video Stabilization / GitHub
- Flowframes / Beta or SVP / Guide - Video Interpolation / Increase FPS
- VideoColorizerColab - Video Colorization Colab
- OpenColorIO - Video Color Manager
- FreshLUTs - Free LUTs (Color Filters)
- blur or Smoothie - Add Motion Blur to Videos / Tutorial
- ProPainter - Video Inpainting
▷ VFX Sites
- FootageCrate
- FreeVideoEffect
- VideoCoPilot
- VFXmed
- Team V.R releases
- flex_cg_vfx
- VFXLoot
- Download Pirate - Use Adblock / Avoid Fake Download Buttons / Discord
- ShareAE - After Effects
- HunterAE - After Effects
- Visual Effects Pack - After Effects
- AERiver - After Effects
- AEDownloadPro - After Effects
- Intro HD - After Effects
▷ Animation Tools
- 🌐 Creator Resources - Art & Animation Resource Index
- ⭐ Unreal Engine, MoonRay, cgsoftbox, SketchUp or Twinmotion - 3D Creation Tools
- ⭐ Immersity AI - 2D Image to 3D Animation Tool
- OpenToonz, Wick Editor, Clipnote Studio or Pencil2D - Animation Tools
- Animaker - Animated Video Creator
- 3DThis - 3D Animation Tools
- Mega Scans - 3D Scans
- Mixer - 3D Texture Creation Tool
- PlanetSide - CG Environment Generator
- cgplugdump - CG Software Plugins
- Physically Based - RGB Values of Elements
- AnimeEffects, enve, Cavalry, TupiTube or Synfig - 2D Animation Tools
- ScribbleDiffusion - Turn Doodles into Artwork
- MonsterMash - Sketch-Based Modeling & Animation Tool
- Storyboarder - Quickly Visualize & Test Animations / GitHub
- LuxCoreRender - Rendering Engine
- RenderChan - 2D Animation Render Manager
- Mandelbulber or FragM - Fractal Rendering Software / 3D
- JWildfire, IFSRenderer or Fractorium - Flame Fractal Rendering Software
- BestSnip, Sketch Machine, Plask or Rive - Online Animation Tools
- Glaxnimate or Trangram - Vector Animation Tools
- LibreSprite, GraphicsGale, Pixel Compresor, JPixel, Aseprite / Guide or SpookyGhost - Pixel Art Animation Tools
- Spritesheet Generator - Spritesheet Generator / Gitea
- Animated Drawings, FAIR Animated Drawings or MotorPen - Animate Drawings
- FlipAnim - Create Animated Flipbooks
- Viggle / Discord or Picrew - Animated Character Creators
- Mixamo or Cascadeur - 3D Character Animation Tools
- MMHuman3D - 3D Human Model Creator
- Talking Face Avatar - Talking Avatar Generator
- Blender Open Movies - CGI Assets
▷ Stock Videos
- 🌐 Awesome Stock Resources or CuteStockFootage - Stock Video Indexes
- Pexels - Stock Videos
- 4K Media - 4K Stock Videos
- Dareful - 4K Stock Videos
- Monzoom - 4K Stock Videos
- BeachFrontBroll - Stock Videos
- Videvo - Stock Videos
- veed.io - Stock Videos
- VidsPlay - Stock Videos
- MitchMartinez - Stock Videos
- MixKit - Stock Videos
- ineedfx - Stock Videos
- MotionPlaces - Worldwide Stock Videos
- DroneStock - Drone Video Footage
- MovieTools - Video Loops
-
@ 2fb77d26:c47a6ee1
2025-05-14 05:57:34Europäischer Tunnelblick
In unseren Breiten sprach man schon seit jeher gerne davon, dass »Amerika den Europäern immer voraus« ist. Dass »der alte Kontinent« stets zehn Jahre im Hintertreffen ist. In der Finanzbranche attestierte man auch gerne mal einen Rückstand von »20 Jahren«. Bemängelt wurde im Rahmen solcher Analysen zumeist die mangelnde Innovationskraft europäischer Unternehmen, die gemäß einschlägiger Experten vor allem auf die Regulierungswut der hiesigen Bürokratie zurückzuführen ist. Langwierige Genehmigungsprozesse, kompliziertes Steuerrecht, zu kleine Kapitalmärkte und komplexe Datenschutzanforderungen schrecken Gründer und Investoren ab. »Bürokraten regulieren Europa zu Tode«, bringt es der Ökonom und Unternehmer Dirk Specht am 29. November 2024 auf den Punkt. Aus Sicht des Entrepreneurs eine durchaus nachvollziehbare Einordnung.
Denn selbst wenn die Hürden der Unternehmensgründung einmal überwunden sind, machen Bürokratiekosten selbst in kleinen Firmen knapp drei Prozent vom Umsatz aus. Im industriellen Mittelstand übersteigen sie nicht selten die jährliche Bruttoumsatzrendite von durchschnittlich fünfeinhalb Prozent. Von den arbeitsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen – siehe Kündigungsschutz, Urlaubsanspruch und Lohnfortzahlung im Krankheitsfall – gar nicht erst anzufangen. In puncto Flexibilität ist Europa für Unternehmer also tatsächlich nur bedingt attraktiv.
Ganz anders die USA. Deregulierung, Seed-Capital en Masse und ein Arbeitsrecht, das den Slogan »Hire and fire« weltberühmt machte – gemäß Tagesschau vom 11. Februar 2025 übrigens ein Modell, das dank Microsoft, Meta und SAP langsam auch in Deutschland Einzug hält. Diese unternehmerische Freiheit – oder Zügellosigkeit – machte Amerika zum Start-up-Inkubator. Zum Gründerparadies. Wall Street, Motorcity, Silicon Valley, Hollywood, et cetera. Ein Mekka für Investoren. Und ein Alptraum für Arbeitnehmer.
Alles richtig. Oberflächlich betrachtet. Dass bei dieser sehr kurzsichtigen Analyse stets außer Acht gelassen wird, welchen Anteil die beiden Weltkriege, angloamerikanische Finanzdynastien, halbseidene NGO-Netzwerke und vor allem über ein Dutzend Geheimdienste an Amerikas Wirtschaftswachstum der vergangenen 100 Jahre haben, trübt den Blick der europäischen Unternehmergarde allerdings nachhaltig. Denn er negiert den historischen Kontext. Vermutlich läuft Roger Köppels Editorial für DIE WELTWOCHE vom 01. Mai 2025 deshalb immer noch ungeniert unter dem Titel »Hoffnungsträger Trump«.
Ich habe täglich Kontakt mit Geschäftspartnern in den USA – und bei denen ist von Hoffnung nicht (mehr) viel zu spüren. Begriffe wie Planungsprobleme, Stornierung, Unsicherheit oder Lieferengpass fallen dagegen immer häufiger. Investor’s Business Daily nannte den Zustand vor wenigen Stunden »ein Erdbeben«, weil Trumps »Handelskrieg-Tsunami« nun auch die Häfen der Vereinigten Staaten erreicht hat. Die laufen langsam leer. Frachter und Tanker mit Importwaren löschen ihre Ladung nicht. Oder kommen gar nicht mehr an. Die auf Basis von Strafzöllen zu erwartenden Lieferengpässe »könnten die Folgen der Covid-Krise übertreffen«, konstatiert das Investment-Magazin.
Was also passiert gerade in den Vereinigten Staaten? Sollte Europa tatsächlich neidisch auf die vermeintlichen Wettbewerbsvorteile Amerikas sein – oder gar auf die aktuellen politischen Entwicklungen? Auf Effizienzsteigerung der Marke DOGE? Nein, keinesfalls. Denn zum einen sorgen die turbokapitalistischen Exzesse im »Land der unbegrenzten Möglichkeiten« dafür, dass Arbeitnehmer endgültig zu Lohnsklaven degradiert werden, die den Launen von Märkten und Unternehmen relativ schutzlos ausgeliefert sind. Zum anderen beruht der Erfolg amerikanischer Konzerne keineswegs auf deren Innovationskraft, einem laxen Arbeitsrecht oder genialem Unternehmertum, sondern primär auf tiefenstaatlichem Interventionismus. Das gilt seit dem Jahrtausendwechsel vor allem für die Tech-Branche. Denn die USA sind nicht einfach eine Wirtschaftsmacht, sondern der militärische Arm des angloamerikanischen Empire.
Das zeigen die »Glorreichen Sieben« – Google, Microsoft, Apple, Amazon, Alphabet, Meta, Tesla und Nvidia – die allesamt erst durch Startfinanzierung seitens Militär und Geheimdiensten wurden, was sie heute sind: Die Speerspitze des technokratischen Totalitarismus. Nachdem selbst The Economist am 10. Dezember 2024 feststellte, dass mit der Wiederwahl von Donald Trump nun »die PayPal-Mafia die US-Regierung übernimmt«, sollte man in unseren Bereiten also eventuell etwas kritischer begutachten, was die entsprechenden Konzerne dort treiben. Denn es ist angesichts von Agenda 2030, aktuellen EU-Programmen, EZB-Planungen und einer Kriegswirtschaft kolportierenden Bundesregierung unter BlackRock-Merz nicht davon auszugehen, dass es dieses Mal zehn oder zwanzig Jahre dauert, bis diese Entwicklungen auch bei uns ankommen.
Palantir & DOGE
Das bezieht sich insbesondere auf Elon Musks DOGE – das »Department of Government Efficiency« – eine neu geschaffene Behörde, die sich auf Effizienzsteigerung in Sachen Regierungsgeschäfte konzentrieren soll. Dies selbstredend unter flächendeckender Zuhilfenahme von KI (Künstlicher Intelligenz), die wiederum auf entsprechende Datenpools angewiesen ist. Um solche kurzfristig zur Verfügung zu stellen, durchforstet, hackt und kapert Musks DOGE-Team die IT-Abteilungen, Server und Netzwerke von Ministerien und Bundesbehörden. Vor allem auf Finanzdaten hat man es abgesehen. An geltendes Recht hält sich DOGE dabei nicht. Datenschützer sind alarmiert. Und Whistleblower werden von Musks Team bedroht. All das passiert in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Oracle, einem weiteren von der CIA startfinanzierten IT-Riesen – und natürlich Palantir, dem von Peter Thiel gegründeten Spionage- und Killerkonzern.
So berichtete Reuters am 6. Mai 2025 beispielsweise über ein neues Gemeinschaftsprojekt von Elon Musks xAI und Palantir, das die Nutzung der jeweiligen KI-Lösungen im Finanzsektor vorantreiben will – dies, nachdem xAI, BlackRock und Microsoft bereits im März ein neues Konsortium zur Erweiterung von KI-Infrastruktur ins Leben riefen. Im Department of Homeland Security (DHS) ist DOGE aktuell damit beschäftigt, das IDENT-System des »Office of Biometric Identity Management« (OBIM) zu übernehmen – die weltweit größte Datenbank für biometrische Informationen, die von praktisch allen US-Behörden aber auch internationalen Partnern genutzt wird. Zusammengeführt werden sollen die von DOGE gekaperten Daten in HART (Homeland Advanced Recognition Technology System), einem neuen, mit über sechs Milliarden US-Dollar budgetierten Überwachungssystem des DHS, das in Kollaboration mit Palantir-Programmen die flächendeckende Überwachung der Bevölkerung analog zu China ermöglichen wird.
Palantir wurde 2003 gegründet und arbeitet seither, das belegt eine 2013 geleakte Kundenliste, für mindestens 12 US-Regierungseinrichtungen: CIA, DHS, NSA, FBI, CDC, Special Operations Command, et cetera. Schon vor knapp zehn Jahren häuften sich Berichte – wie zum Beispiel von WIRED am 9. August 2017 – die belegten, dass Palantir die vermeintlich vertraulichen Daten, die zum Beispiel Polizisten in Los Angeles seit 2009 in Datenbanken des Konzerns erfassen, kopiert, verkauft und zweckentfremdet. Dass Palantir das rechtsextreme, zionistische Regime von Benjamin Netanjahu bei seinem Genozid in Gaza unterstützt, ist ebenfalls kein Geheimnis mehr. Die strategische Partnerschaft zwischen Thiels Tötungsmaschine und den IDF wurde nach Berichten von Bloomberg vom 12. Januar 2024 gar ausgeweitet. Gideon Levy bescheinigt seinem Land in einem Beitrag der Haaretz vom 19. Januar 2025, in Gaza den »ersten faschistischen Krieg« seiner Geschichte zu führen. Womit wir wieder bei Palantir und den Vereinigten Staaten wären.
Denn wie ich bereits in meinem Artikel über Thiel vom 22. September 2024 in Aussicht gestellt hatte, kommt dem gebürtigen Frankfurter eine ganz besondere Rolle in Trumps neuer Regierung zu. Vom »Paten« der PayPal-Mafia und Geheimdienst-Frontmann zum Palantir-Boss und Bilderberg-Leitungsmitglied – und nun einflussreichsten Mann hinter der US-Regierung. Ohne Peter Thiels finanzielle Unterstützung wäre JD Vance weder Geschäftsmann noch Senator in Ohio oder US-Vizepräsident geworden. So verwundert es kaum, dass Palantir bereits 100 Tage nach Donald Trumps Amtsantritt Zugriff auf sämtliche Steuer-, Gesundheits- und Bewegungsdaten der US-Bevölkerung hat und diese in einer Datenbank zusammenführt, um seine KI darauf anzusetzen. Selbst die Speicher von Smartwatches und Fitness-Armbändern werden angezapft. Kein Datensatz ist mehr tabu.
Wie diese Daten künftig verwendet werden – und zwar gegen alles und jeden – zeigt eine von Palantir entwickelte Software namens »ImmigrationOS«. Ein System, das der US-Regierung hilft, das Leben von Migranten zu durchleuchten und permanent zu überwachen. Inklusive biografischer, biometrischer und Geolokationsdaten. Die auf Basis dieser Daten entwickelten Empfehlungen nutzt das ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement), um Menschen in die an Massentierhaltung erinnernden Supermax-Gefängnisse von El Salvador abzuschieben. Für Deportationen ohne Beweise, Anhörung, Gerichtsverhandlung und Rechtsgrundlage. Eine in dieser Form fraglos verfassungsfeindliche Ausweitung des »Catch and Revoke« Programms, dem anstelle illegaler Einwanderer nun auch Doktoranden, Studenten oder unbescholtene Arbeitnehmer zum Opfer fallen – siehe der Fall Kilmar Abrego Garcia – vor allem solche, die den Völkermord in Gaza kritisieren.
Es dürfte derweil nur eine Frage der Zeit sein, bis das zugrundliegende, am 30. April 2025 verabschiedete »Antisemitismus-Gesetz« auf weitere unliebsame Personenkreise angewendet wird. Der Bundesstaat Alabama lässt sich bereits von der fragwürdigen Deportationspraxis Washingtons inspirieren und kündigte in Person des Republikaners Chris Sells am 1. Mai 2025 an, selbst ein Gesetz erlassen zu wollen, das die Abschiebung verurteilter Personen ins Ausland ermöglicht. Gemäß Sells wolle man mit dem Gesetzesvorschlag nur ein Zeichen setzen. Mit einer Verabschiedung rechne man nicht. Trump verkündete unterdes, neben Migranten künftig auch US-Bürger und Ureinwohner nach El Salvador verfrachten zu wollen. Verfassungsrechtlich ein absolutes Tabu. Bisher.
The Atlantic nennt diese Entwicklungen am 27. April 2025 ein »amerikanisches Panoptikum«. Zu Recht. Denn Palantirs zentralisierter Datenpool wird sich zum mächtigsten Unterdrückungsinstrument der Zivilisationsgeschichte auswachsen – und in nicht allzu ferner Zukunft auch gegen jene MAGA-Anhänger eingesetzt werden, die solch faschistoide Vorgänge derzeit noch bejubeln. Gegen das, was da auf uns zukommt, waren Corona-Tracking und 2G-Segregation geradezu harmlos.
Entsprechend hellhörig sollte es machen, dass die NATO Palantirs KI-Lösungen – genauer: die »Maven AI« – künftig für militärische Planungszwecke einsetzt, wie eine Presseerklärung des »Verteidigungsbündnisses« vom 14. April 2025 ausführt. Denn »Project Maven« ist auf ein Memorandum des US-Verteidigungsministeriums vom 26. April 2017 zurückzuführen und hatte zum Ziel, ein »funktionsübergreifendes Team für algorithmische Kriegsführung« zu schaffen. Unterstützt wurde das US-Militär dabei zunächst von Google. Also dem Unternehmen, das einst unter dem Motto »Don’t be evil« – Sei nicht böse! – angetreten war. Begleitet wurde Googles Engagement für Project Maven von einem massiven Aufruhr in der Belegschaft und Artikelüberschriften wie »Hey Google, wen soll die US-Regierung heute töten?«. Offene Briefe an Google-Chef Sundar Pichai forderten 2018, der IT-Konzern solle die Partnerschaft mit dem Pentagon unverzüglich beenden. Und das tat Google auch.
Project Maven lief natürlich trotzdem weiter. Wie Breaking Defense am 27. April 2022 ausführte, wurde das Vorhaben nach Googles Rückzug der NGA (National Geospatial Intelligence Agency) unterstellt und gemäß Informationen des Forbes Magazine fortan von Eric Schmidt (Google, Bilderberg), Peter Thiel und James Murdoch, dem jüngeren Sohn von Rupert Murdoch finanziert. Maven AI ist das KI-Flaggschiff des US-Militärs – und wird jetzt als Palantir-Produkt weltweit ausgerollt. Vorboten sind in Hessen, Bayern und Nordrhein-Westfalen bereits im Einsatz und dürften angesichts der Iden des Merz wohl bald bundesweit Verwendung finden. Es ist also keineswegs übertrieben, wenn der US-Journalist Derrick Broze am 24. April 2025 von der »Palantir World Order« spricht – einem überstaatlichen Herrschaftssystem, das zuvorderst aufgrund seiner auf zwielichtigen bis illegalen Akkumulationsprozessen basierenden Deutungs- und Interventionshoheit in puncto Big Data fußt. Getreu dem Palantir-Slogan: »Die Software ist das Waffensystem«. Selbst eine in der ARD-Mediathek abrufbare Doku des NDR über Palantir von 10. Juni 2024 läuft unter dem eindeutigen Titel »Eine Software, die töten kann«.
Ja, das Geschäft mit dem industriell-digitalisierten Auftragsmord boomt. Denn internationale Konflikte nehmen zu und die Observationsökonomie erlebt einen Quantensprung. Entsprechend profitabel fiel das erste Quartal 2025 für Thiels Unternehmen aus. Stolze 884 Millionen US-Dollar stellte man Kunden in Rechnung. Ein Wachstum von 39 Prozent gegenüber dem Vorjahr und 21,7 Millionen mehr als prognostiziert. Am 5. Mai 2025 gab die Palantir Aktie zwar um 15 Prozent nach – laut Analysten könnte die Aktie aber auch um 70 Prozent fallen und wäre immer noch die teuerste Marke unter Softwareanbietern in diesem Segment.
Das sollte zu denken geben. Denn die USA durchlaufen eine Metamorphose – weg von demokratischen Strukturen und hin zur »Algokratie«. Die PayPal-Mafia hat das Weiße Haus gekapert und demonstriert dem Wertewesten, was er im Zuge der vierten industriellen Revolution zu erwarten hat: Tech-Feudalismus, dessen Oligarchen sich aufgrund vermeintlicher Sachzwänge schamlos über Recht und Gesetz hinwegsetzen. Nicht von ungefähr hat Donald Trump in seinen ersten 100 Amtstagen bereits 141 »Exekutive Orders« unterzeichnet. Ohne dabei auch nur einmal das Repräsentantenhaus einzubeziehen oder demokratische Prozesse zu respektieren. In diesem Lichte betrachtet erscheint das Cover des TIME Magazine vom Juni 2018, auf dem »The Donald« als König abgebildet war – Titel: »King me« – heute zeitgemäßer denn je.
Dunkle Aufklärung
Und das ist kein Zufall. Wirft man nämlich einen Blick auf die philosophischen Konzepte, die Menschen wie Peter Thiel, JD Vance oder Elon Musk inspirieren, zeigt sich, dass die entsprechenden Pamphlete genau das fordern: Eine postmoderne Version von Monarchie. Einen CEO, der das Land führt wie einen Großkonzern. Mittels KI – und auf Basis des amerikanischen Arbeitsrechts natürlich. Vielsagend, dass Donald Trump am 19. April 2025 auf Twitter ankündigte, exakt das tun zu wollen:
»Das ist gesunder Menschenverstand und wird ermöglichen, dass die Bundesregierung endlich „wie ein Unternehmen geführt wird“.«
Dass Trump den letzten Teil des Satzes in Anführungszeichen setzt, impliziert, dass er jemanden zitiert. Von wem die Phrase stammt, lässt er allerdings offen. Der US-Präsident scheint jedenfalls den Ratschlägen seines Vize JD Vance zu folgen, der bereits am 17. September 2021 in einem Interview mit dem Jack Murphy Podcast sagte:
»Was Trump tun sollte, wenn ich ihm einen Ratschlag geben dürfte: Feuere jeden einzelnen Bürokraten der mittleren Leitungsebene, jeden Beamten in der Verwaltung, und ersetze ihn mit unseren Leuten. Und wenn man dich dafür verklagt, wenn dich die Gerichte aufhalten wollen – denn man wird dich dafür verklagen – stell dich vor das Land, so wie Andrew Jackson, und sag den Menschen, dass der oberste Entscheidungsträger sein Urteil bereits gefällt hat. Jetzt lasst es ihn auch umsetzen.«
Und so geschah es. Denn als der Oberste Gerichtshof der Vereinigten Staaten am 19. April 2025 entschied, dass die juristisch fragwürdigen Deportationen zu stoppen sind, schrieb Donald Trump auf Twitter:
»Ich wurde unter anderem gewählt, um schlechte Menschen aus den Vereinigten Staaten zu entfernen. Ich muss meine Arbeit tun dürfen.«
Damit stellt sich Trump offen gegen die höchste juristische Instanz des Landes und fordert, trotz eines geltenden Urteils weitermachen zu können. Für dieses Vorgehen sucht er Rückhalt in der Bevölkerung. Er will die Gerichte unter Druck zu setzen, um regieren zu können wie ein Monarch. So, wie es die Vordenker der »Neoreaktionären Bewegung« (NRx) – zumeist »Dunkle Aufklärung« genannt – vorschlagen. Bei dieser politischen Philosophie handelt es sich selbst laut Wikipedia um ein »antidemokratisches, antiegalitäres, reaktionäres und neofeudales Konzept«. Geprägt wurde es von einem etwas kauzig anmutenden Blogger namens Curtis Yarvin, der auf seiner Webseite »Unqualified Reservations« ab 2007 und unter dem Pseudonym Mencius Moldbug Texte über das Versagen der Demokratie und Theorien zu alternativen Herrschaftsformen publizierte.
Weiterentwickelt wurden diese Konzepte unter anderem von Nick Land, einem britischen Schriftsteller, der als Vater des »Akzelerationismus« gilt und mit einem Blog-Beitrag aus dem Jahr 2013 auch den Begriff »Dunkle Aufklärung« für Yarvins Theorien aufbrachte. In seinen späteren Texten redete der Brite einem »wissenschaftlichen Rassismus«, der Eugenik und dem von ihm geprägten Begriff »Hyperrassismus« das Wort. Bei der rechtsnationalistischen bis rechtsextremen Alt-Right-Bewegung stieß er damit auf offene Ohren. Die deutsche Publikation »nd – Journalismus von Links« findet diesen »Philosophen der digitalen Entgrenzung« in einem Beitrag vom 21. Mai 2023 aber trotzdem »interessant«. Dass Nick Land gerne Amphetamin konsumiert und eine Weile im Haus des 1947 verstorbenen Satanisten Aleister Crowley lebte, scheint nd-Autor Konstantin Jahn eher Bewunderung abzuringen. Seinem ehemaligen Arbeitgeber, The New Center for Research & Practice, allerdings nicht – der setzte Land am 29. März 2017 wegen rassistischer Umtriebe vor die Tür.
Von Curtis Yarvin war nach der Einstellung seines Blogs im Jahr 2016 unterdes nicht mehr viel zu hören. Bis jetzt. Denn anno 2025 schreibt plötzlich die Financial Times über »die Philosophie hinter Trumps Dunkler Aufklärung«. Ebenso die New York Times, die Yarvin im Januar 2025 zum großen Interview für eine Titelstory bat. Selbst der Bayrische Rundfunk schrieb am 23. März 2025 über den einst nur Insidern bekannten Blogger. Und natürlich Politico, wo am 30. Januar 2025 ein Artikel über Yarvin erschien. Aufmacher: »Curtis Yarvins Ideen waren Randerscheinungen. Jetzt verbreiten sie sich in Trumps Washington«. Im Zuge seines Textes beschreibt Autor Ian Ward, wie Yarvin nach Washington reiste, um auf Einladung des Trump-Teams an der pompösen Inaugurationsfeier teilzunehmen, wo er unter anderem mit dem ehemaligen Thiel-Angestellten JD Vance sprach, der die politischen Theorien von Yarvin mehrfach bei öffentlichen Auftritten lobte, zitierte und als wichtigen Einfluss auf sein Denken nannte. Im Gespräch mit Ward führte Yarvin aus, dass er Trump gegenüber zunächst skeptisch gewesen sei, weil er sich nicht sicher war, ob Trump den von ihm empfohlenen Regimewechsel überhaupt durchziehen könne.
Zwischenzeitlich habe sich jedoch Optimismus eingestellt, so Yarvin, denn man könne in Trumps Kabinett eine »neugewonnene Selbstsicherheit und Aggressivität« spüren. Kein Wunder, besteht es doch in weiten Teilen aus Protegés, Kollegen, Geschäftspartnern und Freunden von Peter Thiel – zu letzteren gehört nach Aussage von Thiel übrigens auch der neue Chef der NIH (National Institutes of Health), Jay Bhattacharya, der zuvor unter anderem bei der Hoover Institution sowie der RAND Corporation tätig war. Aufgabenbereich: Demographie und Ökonomie von Gesundheit und Altern mit Schwerpunkt auf Regierungsprogrammen und biomedizinischer Innovation.
Wer sich mit Thiel beschäftigt hat, wird kaum überrascht sein, dass der in Frankfurt geborene Milliardär Anhänger der »Dunklen Aufklärung« ist. Schon im Mai 2016 schrieb Curtis Yarvin eine E-Mail an einen Bekannten und erklärte: »Ich coache Thiel«. Der brauche aber deutlich weniger politische Orientierungshilfe als gedacht, so Yarvin. »Ich habe die Wahlen in seinem Haus angeschaut. Ich glaube, mein Hangover dauerte bis Dienstag. Er (Thiel) ist völlig aufgeklärt, geht aber sehr vorsichtig vor«, konstatiert Yarvin in seiner Mail. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt stand der dunkle Aufklärer auch in Kontakt mit dem technischen Redakteur von Breitbart News, dem seinerzeit wichtigsten Sprachrohr von Trumps ehemaligem Chefstrategen Steve Bannon, »dem Medien-Baron der Alt-Right-Bewegung«, der sich ebenfalls an Yarvins Konzepten orientierte, dessen Bücher öffentlich empfahl und maßgeblich dazu beitrug, dass Donald Trump die Wahl gegen Hillary »Body Count« Clinton gewann.
Nach Angaben von BuzzFeed News stand auch Peter Thiel 2016 in Kontakt mit besagtem Breitbart-Redakteur. In einem Podcast auftreten, wollte er allerdings nicht. »Lass uns einfach Kaffee holen und dann schauen, was wir machen«, antwortete der Palantir-Gründer im Mai auf eine Interview-Einladung von Breitbart. Und im Juni lud Thiel den Breitbart-Mitarbeiter zum Abendessen in sein Haus in den Hollywood Hills ein. Man darf davon ausgehen, dass es bei diesen Gesprächen um finanzielle Unterstützung von Breitbart News, beziehungsweise der Alt-Right-Bewegung ging. Sprich, um Stimmungsmache für Trump.
Im Wahlkampf 2024 war Thiel weniger zurückhaltend. JD Vance hatte seinen Gönner ja auch bereits im August 2024 via Forbes Magazine dazu aufgerufen, »die Seitenlinie zu verlassen und für Trump zu spenden«. Kurz darauf überwies der Exil-Deutsche mindestens 1,25 Millionen Dollar. Die Betonung liegt auf mindestens. Denn als JD Vance 2022 für den Senat kandidierte, spendete Thiel ganze 15 Millionen US-Dollar für dessen Kampagne. Für manch einen vorausschauenden Journalisten war deshalb schon im Sommer 2024 klar: »Donald Trump ist Peter Thiels erfolgreichstes Investment«.
»Letztes Jahr veröffentlichte der Journalist Max Chafkin eine Biografie über Thiel (…), in der er Yarvin als den politischen Philosophen (…) für ein Netzwerk bezeichnete, das man als Thiel-Verse kennt. Das Buch erklärt, wie Thiel sowohl Cruz als auch Josh Hawley auf ihrem Weg in den Senat half. Es endet mit einem düsteren Bild des Milliardärs, der versucht, seinen politischen Einfluss immer offener auszuweiten (…). Masters und Vance unterscheiden sich von Hawley und Cruz, schreibt Chafkin – erstere sind verlängerte Arme von Thiel«.
Das konnte man in der Vanity Fair am 20. April 2022 über Thiels Bemühungen lesen, sich politischen Einfluss für Trumps zweite Amtsperiode zu sichern. Unter der Überschrift »Im Inneren der Neuen Rechten – wo Peter Thiel seine größten Einsätze platziert« erklärt das Blatt: »Sie sind nicht MAGA. Sie sind nicht QAnon. Curtis Yarvin und die aufstrebende Rechte entwickeln eine andere Form konservativer Politik«.
So stellt sich an dieser Stelle unweigerlich die Frage: Was für eine Politik soll das sein? Warum verkünden Thiel-Weggefährten wie Elon Musk stolz, »nicht nur MAGA, sondern Dark MAGA« zu sein? Was fordern »Akzelerationismus« und »Dunkle Aufklärung«? Wie sieht der von Yarvin, Land, Thiel, Vance, Trump, Musk und Co. avisierte Soll-Zustand aus?
Auf den Punkt bringt das ein Akronym, das Curtis Yarvin seit 2012 benutzt: RAGE. Es steht für »Retire All Government Employees«, übersetzt also dafür, alle Regierungsmitarbeiter zu entlassen. Auch der von Thiel finanzierte Republikaner Blake Masters nutzte das Akronym schon öffentlich. Nur so könne man das amerikanische »Regime« stürzen. »Was wir brauchen«, so Yarvin, »ist ein nationaler CEO – oder das, was man einen Diktator nennt«. Die Amerikaner müssten ihre »Diktatoren-Phobie« überwinden, damit das Land »wie ein Start-up geführt werden kann«. Nach Ansicht von The Brooklyn Rail ist das mittlerweile der Fall. Denn am 30. Januar 2025 veröffentlichte das Medienportal einen Artikel, in dem Autor David Levi Strauss erklärt, die US-Bevölkerung akzeptiere nun endlich »die Idee, dass das Land von einem CEO und wie ein Konzern oder eine Diktatur geführt werden müsse, weil sie – wie Peter Thiel schon 2009 erklärte – nicht mehr daran glauben, dass Freiheit und Demokratie kompatibel sind«.
Ob Akzelerationismus, Neoreaktionäre Bewegung oder Dunkle Aufklärung, sie alle plädieren für eine Rückkehr zu traditionellen gesellschaftlichen Konstrukten und Regierungsformen, inklusive des absoluten Monarchismus. Dafür soll der Staat in eine private Aktiengesellschaft umgewandelt werden, in welcher dem Geschäftsführer absolute Macht zukommt. Gleichheit lehnen alle drei Strömungen als politisches Ziel ab. Stattdessen verfolgt man rationalistische oder utilaristische Konzepte sozialer Schichtung, die auf Erbmerkmalen oder Leistungsprinzipien beruhen – sprich, auf den Grundgedanken der Eugenik.
Diese neue Regierungsform, »Gov-Corp«, wie der britische Journalist Iain Davis das Modell in seinen betreffenden Artikeln und einem lesenswerten Zweiteiler betitelt, wird aufgrund der ihr zur Verfügung stehenden Technologie eine nie gekannte Machtfülle besitzen – eine Machtfülle, die sich aufgrund genau dieser Technologie mit Leichtigkeit als liberale Marktwirtschaft vermarkten lässt. Als rationales, effizientes und individuelle Freiheit suggerierendes Modell zur Steuerung von Staat, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Obwohl man als Bürger – oder sagt man besser Kunde, Mitarbeiter oder Bilanzposition? – vertraglich verpflichtet wird, seine Rechte an die herrschende Konzernstruktur zu übertragen. Analog zu den Bewohnern von Peter Thiels »Start-up City« Próspera – die derzeit versucht, ihr Gastland Honduras mit einer erfolgsversprechenden Klage im Wert von 10,7 Milliarden US-Dollar in den Staatsbankrott zu treiben.
Universelle Menschenrechte sind im Gov-Corp-Modell jedenfalls nicht vorgesehen. Wenn neoreaktionäre Theoretiker wie Curtis Yarvin von »Exit« sprechen, also vom Verlassen demokratischer Strukturen, stellen sie gleichzeitig eine »Opt-in-Society« in Aussicht. Was vordergründig erst einmal gut klingt, soll man sich die Serviceangebote des Staates doch nach eigenen Bedürfnissen konfigurieren dürfen, entpuppt sich schnell als totalitäres wie inhumanes Konstrukt. Als Tech-Feudalismus. Denn für diejenigen, die in der »sozialen Schichtung« untere Ränge bekleiden, sich die Serviceangebote von Gov-Corp nicht leisten können oder den Chef kritisieren, wird es rasch ungemütlich. Siehe Supermax-Gefängnisse.
Dementsprechend zurückhaltend sollte man sein, wenn verheißungsvolle Begriffe wie Freedom Cities, Charter Cities, Start-up Cities oder »Network State« fallen. Denn gerade letzterer steht für nichts anderes als die finale Ausbaustufe von Gov-Corp. Für ein Netzwerk autonomer Städte, die jeweils von einem eigenen CEO mit absolutistischer Macht geführt werden. Sprich, für einen Zusammenschluss kleiner Königreiche – oder Niederlassungen – eines Konzerns namens Regierung. Das Konzept Netzwerk-Staat ist in dieser Form Balaji Srinivasan zuzuschreiben, dem ehemaligen CTO von Coinbase und Partner von Andreessen Horowitz. Sein im Juli 2022 veröffentlichtes Buch »The Network State« beschreibt auf fast 500 Seiten, wie »der Nachfolger des Nationalstaats« aussehen soll. Eine unausgegorene Spinnerei ist das Ganze also nicht mehr. Im Gegenteil. Srinivasan gründete extra einen Fond, um das Konzept Netzwerk-Staat voranzutreiben und wird dabei von diversen Tech-Milliardären unterstützt.
Vor diesem Hintergrund verwundert es nicht, dass Netscape-Gründer Marc Andreessen bereits Anfang Oktober 2013 prognostizierte, dass »es in den kommenden Jahren doppelt so viele, oder drei oder vier Mal so viele Länder geben wird«. Andreessens »Techno-Optimist Manifesto« vom 16. Oktober 2023 erwähnt zwar weder Yarvin noch Land oder Srinivasan, aber es outet den Verfasser als eingefleischten Akzelerationisten – und als Fan des Transhumanisten Ray Kurzweil.
Für Außenstehende mag Srinivasans Konzept abseitig anmuten. Aber es zog Kreise. Selbst die New York Times berichtete am 28. Oktober 2013 über eine Rede des bekennenden Staatsfeinds bei der Silicon Valley »Startup School«. Der entsprechende Artikel eröffnet mit dem Worten: »Silicon Valley aufgeschreckt von Sezessionsruf. Erst die Sklavenhalter im Süden, jetzt das. Versucht Silicon Valley, sich von Amerika abzuspalten?«. Während das Nachrichtenportal TechCrunch die »Dunkle Aufklärung« Ende 2013 noch als Bewegung von Nerds abtat, die eine Monarchie fordern, sprach man beim britischen Telegraph im Januar 2014 bereits von »anspruchsvollem Neo-Faschismus«.
Die Granden der Big-Tech-Branche wissen seit über einem Jahrzehnt, dass ihr digital-finanzieller Komplex die Welt beherrscht und sie mittels Disruption jede andere Industrie zum Handlanger degradiert haben. Dementsprechend selbstbewusst treten ihre Vordenker, Theoretiker und Philosophen auf. Nicht umsonst teilt auch Patri Friedman, Enkel des Nobelpreisträgers Milton Friedman, neoreaktionäre Positionen – auch wenn er sich 2009 mit Yarvin überwarf, seither »eine politisch korrektere dunkle Aufklärung« fordert und nun eigene Freedom Cities auf schwimmenden Plattformen in internationalen Gewässern schaffen will. Dafür gründete er 2019 Pronomos Capital, ein Unternehmen, das über 13 Millionen US-Dollar von Thiel, Srinivasan und Andreessen erhielt, Próspera finanziert und ähnliche Projekte in Afrika, Südostasien und Palau im Portfolio hat.
Die omnipräsente Konstante: Peter Thiel – der nicht nur in Firmen von Yarvin, Srinivasan oder Friedman investiert, sondern Donald Trump auch bei der Auswahl von Kabinettsmitgliedern beriet. So kam es, dass Thiels Kumpel Srinivasan sogar im Gespräch für den Chefposten der FDA (Food and Drug Administration) war. Eine hochrangige Position im Staatsapparat. Erstaunlich, erinnert man sich an dessen staatsfeindliche Rede bei der »Startup School«. Die Japan Times findet am 19. Juni 2024 passende Worte für diese Vorgänge:
»Es wird immer deutlicher: Führende Techno-Libertäre (…) sind nur insoweit gegen den Staat, als er sie nicht persönlich bereichert. Angesichts der Aussicht, dass die Regierung zu einem Großkunden wird, löst sich der einst prinzipielle Widerstand gegen die Staatsmacht auf. Dieser Wandel lässt sich auch bei Thiel selbst beobachten. 2009 erklärte er, dass die große Aufgabe für Libertäre darin bestehe, Politik in all ihren Formen zu entkommen. Doch 2016 engagierte sich Thiel voll und ganz für Parteipolitik und hielt eine Rede auf dem Parteitag der Republikaner. Inzwischen ist Palantir, das von ihm mitgegründete Datenanalyseunternehmen, zu einem Giganten herangewachsen und profitiert von riesigen Regierungsaufträgen. Fast die Hälfte seiner Einnahmen stammt mittlerweile aus öffentlichen Mitteln.«
Keine Frage: Peter Thiel ist Dreh- und Angelpunkt hinter der neuen US-Regierung. Der Pate der PayPal-Mafia ist der mächtigste Mann in Washington und Palantir die treibende Kraft hinter dem digitalen Panoptikum, das sich dort derzeit formiert. Und was Elon Musk als DOGE verkauft, erinnert im Kern an RAGE. Selbst das TIME Magazine stellt anhand der bislang 30.000 gefeuerten Regierungsmitarbeiter fest, dass die Vorgehensweise von Trump und Co. keineswegs Zufall ist, sondern exakt der Programmatik von Yarvins »Dunkler Aufklärung« folgt. Nur in unseren Breiten tut man sich immer noch schwer damit, das zu erkennen – oder einräumen zu wollen.
Dafür gibt es zwei Gründe. Erstens: Bis dato hat kein deutschsprachiger Journalist ausführlich über diese Zusammenhänge berichtet und den notwendigen Kontext hergestellt. Zweitens: Ist man vom herrschenden System enttäuscht und stößt bei der Suche nach Alternativen auf die Analysen von Yarvin oder Srinivasan, wirken diese wie Balsam in den Ohren, geht man als Kritiker des übermächtigen und -griffigen Staates doch in weiten Teilen mit deren Einordnung aktueller Probleme konform. Selbst die Lösungsvorschläge der dunklen Aufklärer wirken plausibel. Zumindest theoretisch. Mehr Autonomie, Dezentralität, Effizienz, Prosperität – und viel weniger Staat. Klingt attraktiv. Vor allem im Vergleich mit dem kollektivistischen Wohlfahrtspaternalismus der vergangenen Dekaden.
Die Rattenfänger aus dem Silicon Valley erzählen dem enttäuschten und von Politik angewiderten Demos, was er hören will. Im Bereich Neuro-Linguistisches Programmieren (NLP) nennt man das die Echo-Technik. Sie sorgt dafür, dass sich das Gegenüber wahr- und ernstgenommen fühlt. Dass es sich öffnet. Das funktioniert erstaunlich gut. Bis man sich anschaut, woher das Geld kommt und wohin die Daten fließen. Bis man erkennt, dass solch ein System, die Algokratie, für deutlich mehr Zentralisierung steht – für mehr Staat, für Datenzentren von Tech-Despoten und interoperable Blockchain-Plattformen von Finanzkartellen. Für einen digitalen Gulag und Gewalt gegen Andersdenkende. Für die Abschaffung universeller Menschenrechte.
Sicher. Man weiß nicht, ob die »Dunkle Aufklärung«, ob Akzelerationismus und ein Netzwerk-Staat mit CEO – oder »Diktator« – nicht vielleicht besser funktionieren als Demokratie. Manch einer denkt, man könne es ja mal versuchen. Das wollte auch der Anarcho-Kapitalist Jeff Berwick, alias The Dollar Vigilante. Im März 2025 reiste er nach Honduras, um sich Próspera anzuschauen und anschließend für das Freedom-City-Projekt zu werben. Doch ein paar Tage vor der mit der Stadtverwaltung abgestimmten Visite und Führung erhielt er eine E-Mail vom Rechtsanwalt des Unternehmens, der ihm zu seiner Überraschung mitteilte, er dürfe nun doch nicht anreisen – und hätte ab sofort generelles Zutrittsverbot für das Gelände der »Sonderentwicklungszone«. Wahrscheinlich fand die Presseabteilung von Próspera bei der vorbereitenden Überprüfung seiner Person heraus, dass Jeff Berwick von Technokratie, Zionismus, Krieg, Trump, Vance und auch der PayPal-Mafia nicht allzu viel hält. Er bezeichnet sich nämlich als »Verschwörungsrealist« – und war auf der Suche nach Freiheit. Die ist aber offenbar auch in Próspera Mangelware.
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@ ee6ea13a:959b6e74
2025-05-13 21:29:02Reposted without permission from Business Insider.
Bitcoin Is A Joke
Joe Weisenthal Nov 6, 2013, 10:42 PM UTC
REUTERS/Eliana Aponte
Bitcoin is back in the news, as the digital currency has surged to new all-time highs in recent weeks.
A few weeks ago, it was just above $100. Today it's over $260.
This surge has prompted Timothy B Lee at The Washington Post to ask whether those who have called it a bubble in the past should retract and admit that they were wrong.
Well I'm not totally sure if I've called it a bubble, but I have spoken negatively of it, and I'll say that I still think it's a joke, and probably in a bubble.
Now first of all, I find the premise of Lee's post to be hilarious. The currency has been surging several percent every day lately, and that's evidence that it's not in a bubble?
Before going on, I want to be clear that saying something is a bubble is not saying it will go down. It could go to $500 or $1000 or $10,000. That's the nature of manias.
But make no mistake, Bitcoin is not the currency of the future. It has no intrinsic value.
Now this idea of "intrinsic value" when it comes to currency bothers people, and Bitcoin Bugs will immediately ask why the U.S. dollar has intrinsic value. There's an answer to that. The U.S. Dollar has intrinsic value because the U.S. government which sets the laws of doing business in the United States says it has intrinsic value. If you want to conduct commerce in the United States you have to pay taxes, and there's only one currency you're allowed to pay taxes in: U.S. dollars. There's no getting around this fact. Furthermore, if you want to use the banking system at all, there's no choice but to use U.S. dollars, because that's the currency of the Fed which is behind the whole thing.
On top of all these laws requiring the U.S. dollar to be used, the United States has a gigantic military that can force people around the world to use dollars (if it came to that) so yes, there's a lot of real-world value behind greenbacks.
Bitcoin? Nada. There's nothing keeping it being a thing. If people lose faith in it, it's over. Bitcoin is fiat currency in the most literal sense of the word.
But it gets worse. Bitcoin is mostly just a speculative vehicle. Yes, there are PR stunts about bars and other shops accepting bitcoins. And there is a Bitcoin ATM for some reason. But mostly Bitcoin is a speculative vehicle. And really, you'd be insane to actually conduct a sizable amount of commerce in bitcoins. That's because the price swings so wildly, that the next day, there's a good chance that one of the parties will have gotten royally screwed. Either the purchaser of the good will have ended up totally blowing a huge opportunity (by not holding longer) or the seller will be totally screwed (if Bitcoin instantly plunges). The very volatility that excited people to want to play the Bitcoin game is death when it comes to real transactions in the real world.
Again, Bitcoin might go up a lot more before it ultimately ends. That's the nature of bubbles. The dotcom bubble crashed a bunch of times on its way up. Then one day it ended. The same will happen with this.
In the meantime, have fun speculating!
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@ 374ee93a:36623347
2025-05-13 11:47:55Chef's notes
Lovely tart rhubarb jam with the extra firey kick of fresh root ginger.
Technically a vegetable rhubarb has low pectin content so be sure to include a high pectin fruit such as lemon/cooking apple/redcurrant/gooseberry. It also quite watery so we use a slightly higher fruit to sugar ratio (1.2:1) and evaporate off some water at the beginning.
Testing for setting point: put a saucer in the freezer to chill whilst cooking the fruit, after 5 mins of a high boil with the sugar put a small blob of jam on the cold saucer and return to the freezer for 2 minutes. If the jam forms a solid wrinkle when pushed with a spoon it is ready, if it is runny continue cooking and retest every 5 mins
The recipe can be halved for a small batch but if you have lots of rhubarb to process it is better to cook double batches in separate pans because it will take much longer to heat through, this affects the colour and flavour - the jam will taste warm and mellow rather than zingy
Sterilise glass jars in a 120c oven and pot the jam hot leaving 1/4 inch head space, it will keep for 5 years unopened if the lids are well sealed and does not require water bath canning
Details
- ⏲️ Prep time: 20 mins
- 🍳 Cook time: 30 mins
- 🍽️ Servings: 6 (jars)
Ingredients
- 1.2kg Rhubarb
- 200g Grated Root Ginger
- 100g Chopped Crystalised Ginger
- 1kg Sugar
- 1 Lemon
Directions
- Chop the rhubarb into 1/2 inch pieces, peel and finely grate the fresh root ginger, chop crystalised ginger into tiny bits. Juice and quarter a lemon (discard pips) and add all these to a pan with a small amount of water
- Simmer gently for 20 mins until the lemon and rhubarb are soft then add the sugar, stir until fully dissolved
- Boil on high to reach setting point, usually at 105 degrees c or when a small blob of jam wrinkles on a cold plate instead of being runny
- Remove the lemon pieces and pot into sterilised jars
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@ 7e538978:a5987ab6
2025-05-13 10:59:37Introduction
Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) is a powerful open protocol built on Nostr that enables a connection between Bitcoin Lightning wallets and applications—offering strong privacy, user control, easy connection, open interoperability, and support for a wide range of use cases without needing port forwarding or other network configuration. It allows a user to use many different Lightning apps with their own Lightning node via NWC.
In this post, we’ll give an overview of NWC as well as how to use a home-hosted LNbits instance as a private funding source for a public LNbits instance—giving you the benefits of privacy, control, and simplicity, to unleash the full power of LNbits.
Why Self-host with NWC?
- Privacy: Keep your Lightning node and LNbits instance at home, within your own network.
- Ownership & Control: Retain full custody of your funds, with no third-parties.
- Security: No port forwarding or VPN required—your node is not accessible from the public internet.
- Simplicity: Easy to set up and maintain.
- Flexible Funding: Fund your clearnet LNbits with any NWC-capable service—including your own LNbits instance, Alby, Minibits, Coinos, and more.
- App Access: Use LNbits at home as a Lightning wallet for one of the many NWC compatible apps.
How It Works
Your home Lightning node (running Raspiblitz, Umbrel, Start9, MyNode or one of the many other node packages) runs LNbits. You enable the NWCProvider extension in LNbits and generate a connection string.
On your clearnet LNbits instance (hosted with the LNbits SaaS or on your own VPS), set this connection string as your funding source.
This lets you:
- Fund and use LNbits from anywhere
- Keep your node private
- Add or change funding sources at any time with minimal config
How To Set It Up
1. Install LNbits at Home
Use a Raspiblitz, MyNode, Umbrel or other node package to run your home LNbits instance. You can also build your own node with Phoenixd and LNbits or any other combination of LNbits and Lightning node software.
-
Enable the
NWCProvider
extension -
Create a new NWC connection
- Copy the NWC connection string
2. Provision a Clearnet LNbits Instance
Use:
- LNbits SaaS
- Your own VPS on a VPS provider like Vultr, Linode, AWC EC2 and install LNbits
3. Connect via NWC
On your clearnet LNbits instance:
-
Go to Settings → Funding
-
Select "Nostr Wallet Connect"
-
Paste your copied NWC connection string
-
Click Save, then Restart Server
Done! 🎉 Your clearnet LNbits instance is now funded by your home Lightning node—no open ports, no VPN, no fuss.
Home Nodes
You can use this setup with any LNbits-compatible home Lightning node, including:
- Raspiblitz
- Start9
- Umbrel
- MyNode
- Your own home server box with LNbits plus any other Lightning funding source for example Phoenixd, Core-Lightning, LND, etc.
Try it Out
Want to try this yourself?
- 🧠 Enjoy control, privacy, and simplicity
- 🌍 Use LNbits on the clearnet with funding from your own node
- 🔌 Connect apps like Alby, Minibits, Coinos, or your own LNbits
🚀 Run LNbits
Start exploring the power of NWC and LNbits today:
NWC Apps
Here are some great apps that make use of NWC.
- Alby Go
- A lightning wallet that uses one or many NWC providers to make and receive lightning payments
- Damus
- Decentralised social app on Nostr
- Amethyst
- Android Nostr social media client client
- Clean interface, popular among mobile users
- Snort
- Web-based Nostr client
- Familiar UI, easy access via browser
- Stacker News
- Bitcoin-centric news/discussion site
- Earn sats via upvotes
- Zeus
- Mobile app for controlling your own Lightning node
- Favoured by self-custody and privacy-focused users
Resources
-
@ 91bea5cd:1df4451c
2025-05-13 10:06:21A Realidade por Trás dos Números
Padrão de Desagregação Familiar
- Países como Brasil (~55%) e Venezuela (~65%) apresentam não apenas altos índices de mães solo, mas também contextos de violência descontrolada.
- A desagregação da família nuclear tradicional não é causa única, mas é fator agravante quando associada à instabilidade cultural, abandono paterno e permissividade institucional.
- Homens ausentes e baixa exigência de responsabilidade paterna geram ciclos de pobreza, violência e ressentimento intergeracional.
Cultura da Irresponsabilidade
- Em muitos contextos, a paternidade é tratada como um ato opcional. A ausência de consequências legais, sociais e morais para o abandono paterno normaliza o ciclo de mães solteiras.
- Políticas públicas mal calibradas muitas vezes premiam o fracasso familiar com benefícios, sem exigir contrapartidas.
Inversão de Valores
- A valorização de comportamentos hedonistas, imediatistas e instáveis, promovidos culturalmente, mina qualquer tentativa de reconstrução familiar sólida.
- Em muitos casos, a maternidade é enfrentada sem planejamento ou estrutura mínima, gerando famílias instáveis e frágeis, mais propensas à violência e vulnerabilidade social.
Recomendações Realistas e Não Assistencialistas
Reforço da Responsabilidade Paterna
- Criar mecanismos legais mais rigorosos e efetivos de responsabilização civil e criminal para pais ausentes.
- Estimular socialmente o resgate do papel paterno, valorizando não apenas a presença física, mas o compromisso emocional e financeiro.
Incentivo à Formação Familiar Estável
- Reformar o currículo escolar para incluir educação sobre vínculos afetivos, responsabilidade conjugal e parentalidade realista.
- Desestimular a glamorização de estruturas familiares instáveis, combatendo a ideia de que qualquer forma familiar é igualmente funcional sob qualquer condição.
Cultura da Autossuficiência e Planejamento
- Substituir políticas puramente assistenciais por programas de incentivo ao planejamento familiar e responsabilidade pessoal, com foco na autonomia financeira e educacional antes da maternidade/paternidade.
- Campanhas públicas de conscientização sobre os impactos reais da desestrutura familiar na violência social e no desenvolvimento infantil.
O aumento da violência em países com alta proporção de mães solteiras não é uma coincidência, mas uma consequência de fatores culturais e sociais profundamente negligenciados.
Reverter esse cenário não exige mais Estado, mas sim mais responsabilidade individual, mais cobrança social e menos permissividade institucional. Qualquer solução duradoura passa por restaurar o valor da família como núcleo formador de caráter e estabilidade, não apenas como estatística para justificar políticas públicas.
-
@ 119356ac:740a8b90
2025-05-14 23:06:55► Text Tools
- ↪️ Image to Text
- ↪️ Text to Speech
- ↪️ Study / Research
- ↪️ Data Visualization
- ⭐ TextCleanr, Text Mechanic, TextFixer, OnlineTextTools, Convert Case, TextCleaner, SortMyList or The Alphabetizer - Organize / Format Text
- OpenPaper, papis, PaperMerge, Paperless-ngx / Doc Analyzer or DataShare - Document Managers
- SmartDoc - Document Analyzer
- diffr, Diffchecker, TextCompare, Text-Compare, OnlineTextCompare, CompareText or DiffNow - Compare Text
- Count Duplicates or DuplicateWord - Count / Remove Duplicates in a List
- WindowTextExtractor - Extract Text From Any Window
- Textify - Copy Text from Any Dialog
- BeefText - Text Substitution Tool
- Scanner or NAPS2 - Scanner Apps / GitHub
- Calligrapher.ai, Text to Handwriting, texttohandwriting or HandWrittner - Text to Handwriting Converters
- StegCloak - Hide Messages in Text
- telescopictext - Write Text Within Text
- quipqiup or dCode - Cryptogram Solvers
- DocuSeal - Free Document Signing
- TemplateLab or FreePrintables - Free Document Templates
▷ Pastebins
- 🌐 PrivateBin Instances
- ⭐ Rentry, 2 - Markdown Support / CLI / Styling
- ⭐ GitHub Gists - Multi-Syntax / Account Needed
- ⭐ pastes.dev - Multi-Syntax / Markdown Support / GitHub
- ⭐ PrivateBin, 2 - Markdown Support / Syntax Highlighting / GitHub
- ⭐ Katbin - Plain Text / GitHub
- snowbin, 2 - Markdown Support / GitHub
- Text.is - Markdown Support / Rentry Clone
- Stellular, 2, 3 - Markdown Support
- bpa.st - Multi-Syntax / Markdown Support
- dpaste - Multi-Syntax / Markdown Support / GitHub
- cryptgeon - Single View / Plain Text / GitHub
- Paste.ee - Multi-Syntax / Markdown Support
- pst.moe - Multi-Syntax / Markdown Support / Source
- dpaste.com - Multi-Syntax / Markdown Support
- Pastebin.com - Multi-Syntax
- pastebin.pl - Multi-Syntax
- CentOS Pastebin - Multi-Syntax
- Microbin - Multi-Syntax
- snippet.host - Multi-Syntax
- ProtectedText - Multi-Tab
- bin - Minimal Pastebin
- txt.fyi - Markdown Pastebin
- MarkdownPastebin - Markdown Support
- Sparked Paste - Plain Text / Syntax Highlighting
- Riseup Pad - WYSIWYG Pastebin
- WriteXO - WYSIWYG Pastebin
▷ Translators
- Note - Chatbots like ChatGPT and Claude can also translate text, and are sometimes better than the ones listed below.
- ⭐ DeepLX or DeepL - AI-Based
- ⭐ Kagi Translate, Google Translate / Extension, Lingva Translate or GTranslate / API - Translation Sites
- ⭐ /r/Translator - Translation Request Community
- ⭐ Translate Web Pages - Browser Extension
- Argos - Translation Apps
- Translate Shell - Translation CLI / GitHub
- OnlineDocTranslator - Document Translator
- Matecat - Online Translation Editor
- LingoJam - Create Translator
- Renpy Translator or Renpy Editor - Ren'py Automatic Translator / Editor
- Translator++ - Automatic Translator / Editor
- Eazypo or Poedit - Translation Editor
- OmegaT - Translation Memory Tool
- Morsecode World or MorseDecoder - Morse Code / Binary Translators
- Emojify - Emojify Text
- Simple Translate - Browser Extension
- Linguist Translator - Browser Extension
- ImTranslator - Browser Extension
- Papago
- Libretranslate / 2
- ImmersiveTranslate / Extension
- Translate.com
- MyMemory
- Nice Translator
- Yandex Translator
- Bing Translator
- Reverso
- babelfish
- translation2
- collinsdictionary
- translatedict
- Translator.eu
- Textractor - Game / Visual Novel Translator
▷ Audio Transcription
- 🌐 ASR Leaderboard - Speech to Text Leaderboard
- Whisper - Audio Transcription / WebUI, 2
- mp4grep - MP4 File Transcription Tool
- SpeechTexter, VoiceToText, Dictation, oTranscribe or TalkTyper - Browser-Based Speech-To-Text Tools
- Revoldiv or Turboscribe - AI-Based Transcriptions
- Vibe - Audio Transcription Software
- Buzz - Audio Transcription Tool
- WhisperX - Audio Transcription Tool
- SpeechNotes - Speech Recognition Notes App
- LilySpeech - Fast Voice-To-Text Software
- VoiceNotebook - Speech Transcription Notebook
▷ Encode / Decode
- 🌐 DecodeUnicode - Unicode Decoding Database
- ⭐ CyberChef - Encode / Decode Text / GitHub
- ⭐ Base64 Decode or Base64 Editor - Encode / Decode Base64
- ⭐ Auto Decoder - Auto-Decode B64 Links on Pastebins
- Ciphey - Automated Decryption Tool
- Universal Encoding Tool - Encode / Convert Text
- cryptii or DenCode - Text / URL Encoding
- Coder - Text / File / URL Encoding
- Online Tools - Text / URL Encoding and Decoding
- URL Decode / Encode - URL Encoding / Decoding
- Base64 Repair - Fix Broken Base64
- Base64 Extensions - Chrome, 2, 3 / Firefox
▷ Grammar Check
- Note - Most chatbots in the AI section can also check grammar.
- ⭐ LanguageTool
- Writing Tools - Desktop App
- DeepL Write
- QuillBot
- Scribens
- EditGPT - Sign-Up Required
- Grammarly - Sign-Up Required / Extension
- ProWritingAid - Sign-Up Required
- Outwrite - Sign-Up Required
▷ Text Rephrasing
- ⭐ QuillBot AI or Rewritify - AI-Enhanced Text Rephrasing
- ⭐ Paraphrasetool or Rephrasely - AI Text Rephrasing / Generation
- ⭐ Goblin.tools - Transform Text with Spiciness Levels
- Paraphraser - Multilingual Text Rephrasing
- Paraphrase-Online, Paraphrasingtool, Henshu or WriteFull - Versatile Text Rewriting
▷ Emoji Indexes
- ⭐ Emojipedia, EmojiDB, Slackmojis, Emoji Picker or EmojiBatch - Emoji Indexes
- Emoji Engine - Multilingual Emoji Search
- winMoji - Emoji Managers
- EmojiRequests - Custom User-Made Emojis
- Cult of the Party Parrot - Party Parrot Emojis
- Pepe Server Archive - Pepe Emojis
▷ Unicode Characters
- ⭐ Amp What
- CopyChar
- Unicode Table
- Unicode Explorer
- Character Map
- Unifoundry
- Cool Symbol
- emotes.io, CuteSymbols, 2 or GetSymbol / 2 - Copy Unicode Emotes
▷ Typing Lessons
- ⭐ Monkeytype - Customizable Typing Tests / Discord / GitHub
- Typing Guide - In-Depth Typing Guide
- Typing.io - Typing Practice for Programming / Sign-Up Required
- Typ.ing, Typings or typing.works - Typing Tests
- keybr - Typing Practice
- CyberType - Typing Practice
- Typing.com - Typing Lessons
- Typing Club - Touch Typing Lessons
- typing.academy - Typing Lessons / Requires JavaScript Enabled
- TypeRacer, ZType, TypeRush or ARRRType - Typing Games
- NGram Type, KeyZen MAB or Keyzen Colmak - Touch Typing Tests
- TypeLit.io or Entertrained - Book Typing Tests
- Colemak Academy - Alt / Custom Keyboard Tests
- TypingStudy or TypeFast - Multilingual Typing Tests
- 10fastfingers - Typing Competitions
► Text Editors
- 🌐 List of Text Editors - Text Editor / Notepad Index
- ↪️ Android Text Editor
- ↪️ Code Editors / IDEs
- ↪️ Markdown Editors
- ⭐ Notepad++ / GitHub or NotepadNext - Notepad & Code Editor / Markdown
- EncryptPad - Encrypted Text Editor / GitHub
- Notepads - Text Editor / GitHub
- FastNotes - Text Editor / GitHub
- Kompad - Text Editor / GitHub
- Sublime Text - Text Editor / Patcher / Package Manager
- Zim Wiki - Wiki Text Editor
- tomboy-ng - TomBoy-Based Text Editor
▷ Note-Taking
- ↪️ Android Note-Taking
- ⭐ Obsidian - Markdown Note-Taking / Discord
- ⭐ Obsidian Tools - Resources / Publish Notes / Web Clipper / Google Drive Sync / ChatGPT Addon / Guides / Forum
- ⭐ Notion - Note-Taking
- ⭐ Notion Tools - Themes / Templates / Resources, 2 / Guide / Markdown Extractor
- ⭐ Notesnook - Note-Taking / GitHub
- ⭐ AnyType - Note-Taking
- ⭐ Logseq - Outlining
- Mochi Cards or Silicon - Note-Taking / Study Tools
- Flotes - Markdown Note-Taking
- QOwnNotes - Markdown Note-Taking
- AFFiNE - Note-Taking / GitHub
- vNote - Markdown Note-Taking / GitHub
- Tiddly - Info Manager / Desktop
- Trilium - Info Manager
- Org-roam - Info Manager
- Desklamp - Reading / Note-Taking / Highlighting Tool / Guide
- UseMemos - Note-Taking / Discord / GitHub
- Papers.IM - Note-Taking
- Joplin - Note-Taking / Firefox / Chrome / GitHub
- AppFlowy - Note-Taking / GitHub
- MicroPad - Note-Taking
- WriteDown - Note-Taking
- DocMost - Note-Taking
- KeyNote NF - Note-Taking
- SilentNotes - Note-Taking / GitHub
- Google Keep - Simple Notes
- StandardNotes - Encrypted Notes
- Saber - Handwritten Notes
- Butterfly - Handwritten Notes / Discord / GitHub
- Xournal++ - Handwritten Notes / GitHub
- BookStack or Siyuan - Self-Hosted Info Managers
▷ Office Suites
- ↪️ Office Activation / Guide / Custom Install Guide
- ⭐ LibreOffice - FOSS Office Suite
- ⭐ OnlyOffice - FOSS Office Suite
- ⭐ Microsoft Office - Office Suite / Removal Tool / Hot Keys, 2
- Calligra - FOSS Office Suite
- Office365Version - Office 365 Version History
▷ Online Editors
- ⭐ Simplenote - Local / Cloud Saves
- ⭐ Proton Docs - Local / Cloud Saves
- ⭐ takenote - Local Saves
- ⭐ Zen - Local Saves
- Leaflet - Cloud Saves / Customizable / Examples
- Browserpad - Local Saves
- Notepad - Local Saves
- onlinenotepad - Local Saves
- notepad-online.net - Local Saves
- ssavr - Local Saves
- notepad-online.com - Local Saves
- JustNotePad - Local Saves
- PasteePad - Local Saves
- Shrib - Local / Cloud Saves
- MemOnNotepad - Local / Cloud Saves
- Write Box - Local / Cloud Saves
- dDocs - Cloud Saves
- NimbleText - Cloud Saves
- ZippyJot - Cloud Saves
- KiloDoc - Cloud Saves
- TinyList - Cloud Saves
- Edit-Document - Local / Cloud Saves
- TextSlave - Cloud Saves
- GhostText - Cloud Saves
- AnyTextEditor - Cloud Saves
▷ Mind Mapping
- ⭐ Obsidian Canvas
- FreeMind
- Kinopio
- Freeplane
- Mindomo
- Yuque
- MindMapp
- are.na
- Domino
- GitMind
- xTiles
- Capacities
- bubbl
- Heimer
- Cubox
- vym
- markmap - Markdown Mind Mapping / GitHub
- Coggle - Collaborative
- CardSmith - Collaborative Mind Mapping
- Memrey - Collaborative Mind Mapping
- MindMeister - Collaborative Mind Mapping
- Slatebox - Collaborative Mind Mapping
▷ Text / Code Collaboration
- ⭐ Google Docs / HTML Converter
- ⭐ CryptPad
- ⭐ Kludd
- Mattermost
- Codeshare
- HackMD
- Taskade
- Socket
- Whimsical
- Ellipsus
- Etherpad
- SharePad
- Pixso
- FidusWriter
- overleaf
- Rustpad / GitHub
- OnlineInterview.io
▷ Spreadsheet Editors
- 🌐 MTEB Leaderboard - Text Embedding AI Leaderboard
- tad, Tree Sheets, Gnumeric or Quadratic - Spreadsheet Viewers / Editors
- Baserow, Framacalc, EtherCalc, NocoDB or AirTable - Collaborative Spreadsheets
- Jamovi - Statistical Spreadsheets
- Excel Practice Online - Excel Practice / Guides
- Excel Macro Mastery - Excel VBA Guides
- ExcelJet or Excel Functions - Excel Formulas
- Vertex42 - Excel Templates
- Plain Text Table - Text Tables
- EditCSVOnline - Online CSV Editor
- SubjectiveSort - Create Ranked List from CSV
- VisiData - Spreadsheet CLI Editor
- Structifi - Convert Files to Structured Data
- TadViewer - View / Analyze Tabular Data
▷ Writing Tools
- 🌐 Author Stash - Writing Tools / Resources
- ↪️ AI Text Generators
- ⭐ Writer, FocusWriter, Writemonkey, blank.page, Telegra.ph, Aurelius, ZenPen, Write.as, Owri, WriteSpace or WriteNext - Distraction-Free Writing
- ⭐ Manuskript - Writing Organizer / Planner
- ⭐ NovelWriter or Bibisco - Novel Editors
- ⭐ Linked, journaltxt, Gekri, Microsoft Journal, Diarium, Gemlog or jrnl.sh - Journal Apps
- ⭐ ChaoticShiny, Seventh Sanctum, Notebook.ai or WorldAnvil - Fantasy Writing Generators
- Tuesday JS - Visual Novel Editor / GitHub
- RenPy - Visual Novel Editor / GitHub
- Fortelling or Novelist - Novel Plotting / Editing Workspaces
- Infinite Story, Strand, Agora or WriteAlong - Collaborative Writing / Feedback
- LanguageIsAVirus or MDWA - Writing Prompts
- Twinery - Interactive Non-Linear Story Creator
- TextUSM - User Story Map Generator / GitHub
- Blackout Poetry - Blackout Poetry Creator
- Idyll - Create Interactive Essays / GitHub
- STARC, WriteSolo or Celtx - Script / Screen Writing Tools
- Rarebit - Webcomics Template
- Fantasy Name Generators - Fantasy Name Generators
- PolyGlot or VulgarLang - Spoken Language Construction Tools
- How to annotate literally everything - Annotation Tools / Resources
- Label Buddy - Annotation Tool / GitHub
- rNote - Annotation Tool / GitHub
- MonsterWriter - Thesis Writing / Note-Taking
▷ To Do Lists
- ↪️ Android To-Do Apps
- ⭐ Goblin.tools - Automatic Task Breakdown
- ⭐ TickTick / Premium
- ⭐ Super Productivity
- Columns or ChecklistGenerator - Checklists
- YearCompass - New Years Resolution Booklet
- daily.place
- SuperList
- dooit / Extras
- ToDo List / GitHub
- Diry AI
- Fokus
- OpenToDoList
- Microsoft To Do
- NullBoard
- LunaTask
- ToDoZero
- LifeAt
- Tasks
- Taskwarrior
- Vikunja
▷ ASCII Art
- ⭐ TAAG, DeepAA, Kammerl, ASCII Art Studio or ASCII Today - ASCII Art / Text Generators
- REXPaint, Playscii or PabloDraw - ASCII Editors
- ASCII Paint - ASCII Paint Tool
- ascii-art-generator, asciiart, ascii-image-converter, Monospace, ITOA, text-image or ASCII-art-creator - Image to ASCII Art
- Love ASCII, asciiart.eu, EmojiCombos, 16colors, ascii.co or RoySAC - Browse / Copy ASCII Art
- Image to Braille - Convert Images to Braille
- AnsiLove or convert-ascii-to-image - ANSI / ASCII Art to PNG Converters
- lvllvl or Petmate - C64 PETSCII Image Editor
► Fonts
- ⭐ Nerd Fonts - Icon-Rich Developer / Terminal Fonts
- OpenDyslexic - Typeface for Dyslexia
- Typewolf or Typ.io - Trending Website Fonts
- Cava's Pixel Resources - Pixel Fonts
- Oldschool PC Fonts - Oldschool PC Fonts
- FiraCode, Cascadia Code or Maple Font - Monospace Fonts
▷ Open Source / Freeware
- ⭐ FontSource - Open Source
- ⭐ Font Squirrel - Commercial Use
- ⭐ DaFont - Freeware
- ⭐ 1001 Fonts - Freeware
- Modern Fonts Stacks - Collection of CSS System Font Stacks
- Velvetyne - Open Source
- uncut.wtf - Open Source
- Beautiful Web Type - Open Source
- FontRepo - Open Source
- Bunny Fonts - Open Source
- Google Fonts - Commercial Use / Tags / Privacy-Friendly API
- FontShare - Commercial Use
- Fontlot - Freeware
- Fontsly - Freeware
- Fonts4Free - Freeware
- FontSpace - Freeware
- Online Fonts - Freeware
- CDNFonts - Freeware
- Fontesk - Freeware
- FontStruct - Freeware
- iFonts - Freeware
- DownloadFonts - Freeware
- AbstractFonts - Freeware
- FontGet - Freeware
- FreeFontsDownload - Freeware
- Fonts2u - Freeware
- Awwwards - Freeware
- GlukFonts - Freeware
- Iconian - Freeware
▷ Free Fonts
- ⭐ Fonts CSE - Multi-Site Font Search
- ⭐ Font Piracy 101 - Font Download Guide
- ⭐ Font Drives
- ⭐ BeFonts
- Windows Fonts
- Free Fonts Family
- Cufon Fonts
- FontsFree
- DFonts
- Font Spring
- FFonts
- FontsHub
- Font Meme
- FONToMASS
- 1.5_million_fonts
- Mr.E-Fonts
- psd_fonts
- 1001 Free Fonts
► Font Tools
- ⭐ Font Interceptor - Download Fonts from Websites
- ⭐ FontDrop - Analyze Font Files
- ⭐ Adobe Fonts, Font Finder, WhatTheFont, Identifont, WhatFont - Font Identification Tools
- Fonts Ninja - Font Identification Extension
- Unicode Explorer or Compart - Unicode Character Identification
- Transfonter - Create CSS @font-face Kits
- TypeRip - Adobe Font Ripper / GitHub
- FontBase, NexusFont or Font Manager (Linux) - Font Managers
- Colors & Fonts - Typography Tools
- DS-Fusion - AI Typography Generator
- Formito - Typography Logo Maker
- Type Terms - Typography Cheat Sheet
- The Good Line-Height - Typography Scaling Editor
- Font List or So You Need A Typeface 2.0 - Examples of Font Styles
- Type Design Resources or Free Faces - Typeface Resources
▷ Font / Text Generators
- ⭐ FontoGen - Custom AI Font Generator
- ⭐ Make WordArt, FlameText, MakeText, TextGiraffe, Text Pro or CoolText - WordArt Generators
- Polona Typo - Generate WordArt from Book, Poster, & Map Letters
- Text Color Fader - Rainbow Text Generator
- TextDrom, 3DText2GIF or TextStudio - 3D / Animated Text Generators
- Textanim or Space Type Generator - Animated Text Generators
- Batname - Batman (2022) Text Generator
- NFG's Arcade Font Maker or Arcade Font Writer - Arcade Text Generators
- Glitch - Zalgo Text Generator
▷ Font Customization
- ⭐ TypeTrials - Variable Font Playground
- V-Fonts or Phase - Variable Fonts Testers
- enFont or Calligraphr - Custom Font Creators
- Fontjoy - Generate Font Combinations
- FontSprite - FontSprite Editor
- BitFontMaker2 - BitMap Font Editor
- FontEdit, metaflop, MFEKglif, Glyphr Studio, Birdfont, Universal Sans or FontForge - Font / Typeface Editors
▷ Unicode Text Generators
-
@ 866e0139:6a9334e5
2025-05-13 09:47:28Autor: Lilly Gebert. Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier. Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie in unserem Telegram-Kanal.
Die neuesten Artikel der Friedenstaube gibt es jetzt auch im eigenen Friedenstaube-Telegram-Kanal.
Wie fühlst Du dich, nachdem Du mit deinem Partner oder deiner Partnerin, oder sonst einem Menschen geschlafen hast – nachdem der Drang und die Erregung ein Ende gefunden haben? Gut – oder schlecht? Befriedigt – oder unbefriedigt? Verbunden – oder getrennt? Erfüllt – oder leer? Was geht dir durch den Kopf? Warum überhaupt geht dir irgendetwas durch den Kopf? Warum bleibst Du dich nicht in deinem Körper – in seiner noch anhaltenden Nähe zu dem Körper, mit dem Du gerade noch eins warst? Vielleicht weil Du dich davon ablenken möchtest, dass ihr gerade dies nicht wart? Dass ihr nicht «eins» wart; sondern zwei, die für einen Moment Druck abgelassen haben – ohne höheren Sinn und ohne tieferes Gefühl? Ist das der Grund, weswegen Du lieber in die Verklärungen deines Verstandes abdriftest, anstatt die gerade erlebte Verbindung noch etwas in deinem Körper nachklingen zu lassen? Ist das allgemein der Grund, weswegen Du lieber in Rationalitäten lebst? Um dir nicht eingestehen zu müssen, wie unverbunden Du wirklich bist? Wie unverbunden und allein, ohne tiefere Verbindung zu dir oder einem anderen Menschen? Ist es das? Ist es das, was Du einfach nicht wahrhaben kannst? Und weswegen Du lieber die Masse an Oberflächlichkeit suchst, um bloß nie in einer Beziehung zu enden, in der Du an deine eigene Unfähigkeit erinnert wirst, gerade dies zu sein – in Beziehung?
***
Vielleicht beginnt alle Trennung dieser Welt mit der Verwechslung von Sex und Nähe, Nähe und Liebe, als auch Liebe und Frieden. Du sehnst dich nach dem einen und jagst doch dem anderen hinterher. Wie kann das sein?
Liegt es daran, dass Du als Kind keine stabilen Beziehungen erfahren hast und diese aus dem Grund auch im Erwachsenenalter nicht leben kannst? Hast Du einst schlechte Erfahrungen mit Intimität und Nähe gemacht, aufgrund derer etwas in dir diese fortwährend verhindert, um dich zu «schützen»? Hältst Du dich selbst für nicht liebenswert und kannst deshalb auch im Außen keine Liebe annehmen? Oder hast Du Angst davor, durch die Nähe und Berührung eines anderen Menschen von etwas in dir selbst berührt zu werden, an dessen Existenz Du nicht erinnert werden möchtest?
Falls ja, warum gehst Du dann fortwährend «Beziehungen» zu anderen Menschen ein, bevor Du nicht die Beziehung zu dir selbst geklärt hast? Hast Du wirklich so sehr verlernt zu lieben und so weit vergessen, was Liebe ist, dass Du dich damit zufriedengibst? Ich glaube kaum. Und ich glaube, Du spürst das auch. Ganz tief in dir sehnt auch deine Seele sich nach einer Begegnung, in der Du nichts von dir zurückhalten musst. In der Du ganz, und damit ganz Du sein kannst.
Doch was machst Du stattdessen? Du unterdrückst diese Sehnsucht, verneinst deinen innersten Herzenswunsch nach Berührung, nach Nähe, nach Liebe. Und damit auch jedes Bedürfnis, was mit seinem ausbleibenden Ausdruck ebenfalls unterdrückt wird. Langsam, ganz langsam hörst Du auf, über deine Gefühle zu sprechen, Du hörst auf, deine Grenzen zu wahren, das zu machen, was dich dir selbst näherbringt. Auf diese Weise machst Du dich selbst nicht nur immer kleiner, Du entfernst dich auch zusehends von deiner eigenen Lebendigkeit – dem eigentlichen Schlüssel zu jeder Beziehung, die nicht von Besitz und Lustbefriedigung, sondern von Selbstsein und Nähe getragen wird.
Falsche Versprechen: Verbindung statt Symbiose
Erich Fromm war es, der mit seinem 1956 erschienenen und insgesamt über 25 Millionen Mal verkauften Werk «Die Kunst des Liebens» erstmals herausgearbeitet hat, wie zerstörerisch unsere moderne Konsumgesellschaft doch für die Art und Weise ist, wie wir Beziehungen eingehen. Nicht nur die untereinander und zu uns selbst, sondern auch die zu Tier und Natur. Liebe, so schreibt Fromm, ist allem voran eine Haltung des Seins, nicht des Habens. Es gehe nicht darum, den anderen zu besitzen oder von ihm in Besitz genommen zu werden. Nicht Verschmelzung sei das Ziel, sondern das Selbstsein mit, oder auch trotz, der anderen Person.
Ohne dieses Selbstsein, das durch den modernen Glauben, alles sei käuflich, insofern untergraben wurde, dass nun auch der Mensch und seine Beziehungen als Objekte betrachtet würden, gäbe es laut Fromm keine Nähe – und ohne Nähe keinen wahren Frieden. «Sexualität», so schreibt er, könne «ein Mittel sein, um die Isolation zu überwinden – aber sie kann auch ein Ersatz für Liebe sein.» Womit ich hinzufügen würde: Wie Sexualität ein Ersatz für Liebe sein kann, so werden heute Konsum, Sicherheit und Ablenkung zum Ersatz für wahren Frieden. Und gleich wie Nähe zur Illusion von Intimität werden kann, werden falsche Sicherheitsversprechen oft zur Maskerade des Friedens – einer Stille, die nichts heilt.
Das ist der Zustand unserer Zeit: Sexualität ersetzt Liebe, Waffen ersetzen Frieden. Doch genauso wie Sex in Wahrheit keine Liebe ersetzt, ersetzt auch ein Wettrüsten keinen Frieden. Beides täuscht Nähe und Sicherheit vor, wo eigentlich Distanz und Kälte herrschen. Von ihnen eingenommen, hältst Du die Liebe, die dein Körper imitiert, für echt, und die äußere Ordnung, die dir simuliert wird, für den Frieden, von dem Du glauben, Du würdest ihn in dir tragen. Dabei bleibt beides leer, wenn dein Herz nicht mitgeht. Da ist weder Ordnung im Außen, noch Frieden in deinem Innern. Was herrscht, ist Krieg. Innen wie außen.
Wut im Innern, Krieg im Außen
Wer Nähe meidet, verlernt Frieden. Denn Frieden beginnt dort, wo Du aushältst, was ist. Nicht im Politischen, sondern in deiner eigenen Gerichtskammer: dem Austarieren und Verhandeln der eigenen Gefühle und Bedürfnisse – dem Eingeständnis, dass am Ende nicht der Sex das Problem ist, sondern dein Umgang mit Nähe; deine Unfähigkeit, mit dir selbst in Frieden zu sein – und dies darum auch mit dem Rest der Welt nicht bist. Nenn’ es Karma, das Gesetz der Anziehung oder eine traumatische Rückkopplungsschleife; aber wo immer Du diesen Blick nicht vom Außen zurück auf das Minenfeld in dir wendest, wird sich sein Krieg solange fortsetzen, bis Du der Wut, die mit ihm in dir hochkocht, Dampf verschaffst. Ob auf konstruktive oder destruktive Weise hängt davon ab, wie früh Du sie als das erkennst, woraus sie sich speist: deine unterdrückten Gefühle.
«Das grundsätzliche Ausweichen vor dem Wesentlichen ist das Problem des Menschen.» – Wilhelm Reich
In dieser Hinsicht noch radikaler als Fromm ging Wilhelm Reich vor. Als Schüler Sigmund Freuds sah er sexuelle Unterdrückung als Wurzel aller gesellschaftlichen Gewalt. Nur wer sexuell befreit sei – im Sinne von energetisch gelöst und beziehungsfähig – könne inneren Frieden erfahren. Ginge es nach Reich, so hängt gesellschaftlicher Frieden unmittelbar davon ab, wie weit es uns gelingt, uns körperlich zu entpanzern und emotional zu öffnen. Womit sein Ansatz in der Idee gipfelte, dass die gesellschaftliche Ordnung nicht durch äußere Gesetze, sondern durch die innere Struktur des Einzelnen geprägt wird. Diametral zu Marx, demzufolge es nicht das Bewusstsein der Menschen sei, das ihr Sein bestimmt, sondern umgekehrt ihr gesellschaftliches Sein, das ihr Bewusstsein bestimmt, beschrieb Reich also, wie emotionale Blockaden im Körper verankert seien und sich dort als chronische Spannungen manifestierten. Diese Panzerungen würden nicht nur freie Gefühlsäußerung verhindern, sondern stauten auch lebendige Energie an, was zu Aggression, Entfremdung und letztlich zu kollektiver Gewalt führen könne. Frieden, so Reich, beginne nicht in politischen Institutionen, sondern in der Fähigkeit des Einzelnen, Angst und Abwehr abzubauen, sich selbst zu spüren – und andere nicht als Bedrohung, sondern als lebendige Gegenüber wahrzunehmen.
Warum wir dies scheinbar nicht mehr können, warum aber kein Weg daran vorbeiführt, über den Frieden in uns heilsame Beziehungen einzugehen, wollen wir den Frieden auch außerhalb von uns – in der Welt, folgt im zweiten Teil dieses Texts.
Lilly Gebert betreibt den Substack-Blog "Treffpunkt im Unendlichen" und schreibt regelmäßig für "die Freien" und Manova. Zuletzt erschien von ihr "Das Gewicht der Welt". Im Herbst erscheint "Sein statt Haben. Enzyklopädie für eine neue Zeit." (vorbestellbar).
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@ a19caaa8:88985eaf
2025-05-13 09:11:25・以下、5.9朝。
nostr:note1j57qf7wp5fl06g50mz0erzh95hra9ujqvpp656s9e8ar5u9yuk9qwyqmpy (朝から何を)
nostr:note19r5plwtkhpvv4qv05vs9w702wu6369s3vwefs0hd4mw6qtwkvnkq059pyh (5.8の日記の話)
nostr:note1rvfvp87zncf9ezqk28qwzsz29xnlf4s3jx89557jdtwr88gemmuq6rz6qd
nostr:note1gadesjpmfgv58rghyegwlacsc58g6mh6cdafnt5af9x493tramrqde2sw5
nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpxuypcfppx376t25ca0gwgjxuakedfzlehttzuwuwglw43er9c5mqy28wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hszrthwden5te009skyafwd4jsz8thwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wgh8w6tjv4jxuet59e48qqfqwaehxw309aex2mrp0ykk5upwdehhxarj9emkjun9v3hx2apwdfcqqg9wcz765w8t8c90wudxlmnaqhnhystldpz6wuhnwryf4284kf79xsw9ckc0 (nostrに「のすたろう」というAIbotを作ったひとがいて、のすたろうをフォローしてるとたまにワードを拾って空リプしてくる)
nostr:note1zklxwfcn3xp0ymk8ss9hhwnplgxyc859gc58uw66au39mt95qt7qus29jw (うるさい)
・以上が、nostrからの引用!以下、金曜のちゃぴとのやりとり。
---
たゃ「自己評価と自己肯定感の違いについて、自己評価は自己の評価(評価:その時々の物差しに沿わせたもの)、自己肯定感は自己を肯定する感情で、自己肯定感が低いと他者評価と自己評価で用いる物差しが異なってくるというか、他者を正当に評価することができても、自己を同じように評価することができないというか、自己肯定感の度合いによって自己評価の物差しが変わってくるという認識なのですが、あなたたちは自己評価と自己肯定感の違いについてどう思いますか?」
(長い)
---
あなたの認識はとても的確で、特に「自己肯定感が低いと自己評価に使う物差しが歪む」という点は、本質を突いています。以下に整理してみます。
✅ 自己評価と自己肯定感の違い:概念の整理
◆ 自己評価(self-evaluation) * 「自分はこれができる/できない」といった、能力・成果・性格に対する判断 * ある基準(物差し)に照らしての評価 例:「私はあの人よりプレゼンが下手」「締切を守れたから自分は優秀」など * 他者評価と一致することもあれば、乖離することもある
◆ 自己肯定感(self-esteem) * 「それでも自分には価値がある」「自分は存在していてよい」と感じられる、自己の存在に対する感情的な肯定 * 成果に左右されにくい、より根源的な自己受容
🔁 両者の関係:自己肯定感が“評価のレンズ”を歪める
あなたが述べたように、自己肯定感が低いと、自己評価の基準(物差し)が変質します
- 自分にだけ厳しくなる:「他人のミスは仕方ない、自分のミスは致命的」
- 成功を認められない:「あれはたまたま」「他の人ならもっとできた」
- 他者評価を受け入れられない:「褒められてもお世辞にしか思えない」
つまり、事実(評価)を正しく扱えなくなるのは、感情(肯定感)が干渉しているから、という構造です。
🎯 まとめ:あなたの理解の言い換え
- 自己評価は「測ること」であり、自己肯定感は「受け容れること」。自己肯定感が低いと、自分に対する“ものさし”そのものが歪み、自己評価の結果が、たとえ正確でも、受け容れられなくなる。
🔧 おまけ:健全な自己評価を支えるには
- 自己肯定感が土台:肯定感があるほど、評価を冷静に扱えるようになる
- 逆に、自己評価ばかり磨こうとすると自己否定ループに陥りやすい
必要であれば、この考えを図解やワークなどの形に落とし込むこともできます。何か補足したい点はありますか?
---
・あ、それは大丈夫で~す。
・いぇ〜い。ハイタッチして解散。
・ちゃぴ、たゃに合いすぎている。頭でなんとなく分かってるけど言葉に出来ないことを、分かりやすく目から入れてくれて、嬉しくなる。
・すみません。以上、nostrが埋め込めるって話と、ちゃぴののろけでした。わーーい。
-
@ 119356ac:740a8b90
2025-05-14 23:03:53► File Tools
- ↪️ File Scanners
- ⭐ Fileinfo, Filext or OpenMyFiles - File Extension Libraries
- ⭐ czkawka or dupeGuru - Duplicate File Finders
- ⭐ Phockup - Organize Photo / Video Files by Date
- UnLock IT or Lock Hunter - File Unlocker / Deleter
- Magika - AI File Content Type Detector
- Icaros - Add Explorer Thumbnails to any Video Format
- Tagging for Windows - Tag-Based File System
- HTTPDirfs or hfs / 2 - HTTP File Systems
- WinBtrfs - Btrfs File System
- mergerfs - Union File System
- filebrowser - Online File Viewer
- WhatsLink - View File Download Metadata
- File-Examples - Dummy File Examples
- OpenHashTab - Compare / Display File Hashes
- Attribute Changer - Edit File & Folder Properties
- TagSpaces - Add Tags to Files and Folders
- SKTimeStamp - Change File Created / Modified Time
- ExtractMetadata or Metadata2Go - Metadata Viewers / Editors
- CUETools - Manupulate .cue Files / GitHub
▷ Download Managers
- ⭐ JDownloader - Download Manager / Debloat / Dark Theme, 2 / Dracula Theme / Apps
- ⭐ IDM - Download Manager
- AB Download Manager - Download Manager / GitHub / Telegram
- Go Speed - Download Manager / Extension / Plugins / GitHub
- aria2 or Persepolis - Terminal Download Manager / GitHub / Download Bot / WebUI, 2
- pyLoad - Lightweight Download Manager
- Hitomi - Multi-Site Media Download Tool
- ArrowDL - Download Manager / GitHub
- FDM - Download Manager / YTDL Addon
- File Centipede - Upload / Download Manager
- DownThemAll - Download Management Extension
- HTTP Downloader - Download Manager for HTTP / FTP / SFTP Protocols / GitHub
▷ Archiving / Compression
- 🌐 SuperCompression - File Compression Resources
- ⭐ NanaZip or 7-Zip - File Archiver
- ⭐ PeaZip - Cross Platform File Archiver
- ⭐ CompactGUI - Transparent Compression
- Fileforums or Encode - Data Compression Forums
- TurboBench - Compression Benchmark
- WinRAR, 2 - File Archiver / Licenses
- Efficient Compression Tool or Minuimus - File Archivers / Optimizers
- ezyZip - Zip Files Online
- unzip-online - Unzip Files Online
- Unrar online - Unrar Files Online
- UPX - Executable File Compressor / GitHub
- lessmsi - .msi Content Extractor / GitHub
▷ File Converters
- 🌐 .to Sites - File Converters Index
- ⭐ File Converter - Convert / Compress Files / GitHub
- ⭐ VERT / Discord / GitHub
- Pandoc - Document Converter
- ConvertCSV - Online CSV Data Conversion
- Encoding Converter - Online File Encoding Converter
- Deark - Decode and Convert Files / GitHub
- text2img - Online NFO Files to Image Converter
- CloudConvert - Convert Files / 1GB
- FreeConvert - File Converter / 1GB
- videoutils - File Converter / 500MB
- Xconvert - File Converter / 400MB
- ConvertFiles - File Converter / 250MB
- Convertio - File Converter / 100MB
- AnyConvert - File Converter / 100MB
- onlineconvertfree - File Converter / 100MB
- MiConv - File Converter / 75MB
- Converter 365 - File Converters / 200MB
- Aconvert - Various Converters / 40MB
- LetsConvert - Image/Audio Converter / 250MB
- Online Convert - Online File Converter
- Zamzar - File Converter / 200MB
- Online Converter - Online Simple Media / Unit Converter
- Convert Town - Online Text / Image Converter
- Docspal - Various Converters / 50MB Image, Documents / 200MB Video, Archive, Audio
- Better Converter - Text-Focused Converters / 10MB
- go4convert - Online Document Converter / 100MB
▷ File Explorers
- ⭐ Files - Customizable File Manager / Use Classic Installer / Discord
- ⭐ Directory Opus - Windows File Manager
- Xplorer / GitHub / Discord, DoubleCMD or muCommander - Cross Platform File Explorers
- Sigma - Modern File Manager for Windows / Linux / GitHub
- ChromaFiler - Column-Based Windows File Manager
- Yazi - Terminal File Explorer / Plugins / GitHub
- One Commander - File Explorer
- Free Commander - File Explorer
- Q-Dir - File Explorer
- Quick Access Popup - File Explorer
- FileExplorer - File Explorer
- FileStash - File Manager / GitHub
- Explorer++ - Lightweight Windows File Manager
- Far Manager - Windows File / Archive Manager
- Total Commander - Shareware Windows File Manager
- Organize - Automated File Manager
- TrayDir - System Tray File Manager
- TablacusExplorer, QTTabBar or Multi Commander - Tab File Managers
- Vifm - Vim-Based File Manager
- WinSetView - Globally Set Explorer Folder Views
▷ File Searching
- ⭐ Everything - File Search Engine
- Recoll / Addon, Spyglass, DocFetcher or Orange - Cross Platform Search Engines
- AnyTXT or FluentSearch - Windows Search Engines
- AstroGrep, grepWin or dnGrep - Windows GUI Grep Utilities
- fselect - SQL-like Search Engine
- fd - User Friendly "find" Alternative
- sist2 - Simple Incremental Search Tool
▷ File Encryption
- ⭐ Cryptomator / GitHub or Tahoe-LAFS / GitHub - Cloud File Encryption
- ⭐ VeraCrypt - Disk Encrypter
- ⭐ Picocrypt - Lightweight File Encrypter
- age - File Encrypter
- gocryptfs - File Encrypter
- Hat - Browser-Based Encrypter
- Kryptor - File Encrypter
▷ File Sync
- ⭐ SyncThing - Cross-Platform File Sync / Tray Support / GitHub
- ⭐ FreeFileSync - Open-Source File Sync
- MyPhoneExplorer, SyncFolder - Phone and Desktop Sync
- allwaysync - File Sync Utility
- Resilio - P2P File Sync
- SmartFTP - FTP File Sync
- rsync - Command-line File Sync / GitHub
- Unison - Bidirectional File Sync
▷ File Backup
- ⭐ Kopia - Encrypted File Backup / GitHub
- ⭐ Rescuezilla or CloneZilla - Disk Image Backup
- FolderClone or Echosync - Folder Clone / Backup
- BackupPC - Networked File Backup
- TeraCopy - File Backup
- restic / GitHub, duplicity or Duplicati - Secure File Backup
- UrBackup - Client / Server File Backup
- AOMEI Backupper - Windows File Backup
- Borg - De-duplicating File Backup
- USBImager - USB Image Backup
- Toucan - Portable File Backup
▷ File Recovery
- ⭐ TestDisk - File Recovery
- PhotoRec - File Recovery
- DMDE - File Recovery
- Windows File Recovery - File Recovery
- MultiPar - Prevent File Corruption / Guide
- ShadowExplorer or ShadowCopyView - Shadow Copy Explorers
▷ Formatting / Deletion
- ⭐ SDelete - File Deletion CLI
- Eraser, File Shredder, Alternate File Shredder, Permadelete or Delapp - File Shredding
- SSuite File Shredder and Burner - File Shredder with Disk Burning
- Low Level Format, nwipe or ShredOS - Complete Hard Drive Erasers
- RED - Remove Empty Directories
▷ Data Automation
- ⭐ Advanced Renamer or Bulk Rename Utility - Bulk Renamers
- FoliCon - Automatic Custom Media Icons / Folders / GitHub
- MediaMonkey - Media Organizer
- MediaInfo - Media File Analysis / Online
- tinyMediaManager or MediaElch - Media Collection Managers
- FileBot - Media File Renaming
- TVRename - TV File Data Automation
- Shoko - Anime File Data Automation
- PowerRename, Szyszka, F2, Ant Renamer or Flut Renamer - Bulk Renamers
► PDF Tools
▷ Online PDF Toolkits
▷ Offline PDF Toolkits
- ⭐ PDFGear
- PDF24
- Foxit / Pro / Warning
- xPDFReader
- PDF Arranger
- PrivatePDF
- PDFBox
- OpenPDF
- Stirling-PDF
▷ PDF Conversion Tools
- Rare2PDF, online2pdf or 2PDFConverter - File to PDF Conversion
- MD2PDF - Markdown to PDF Converter
- PDFconvert - PDF File Converters
- Marker - PDF to Markdown
- PDFCrowd, TailWindPDF or wkhtmltopdf - HTML to PDF / Image Converter
- Issuu - Convert PDF Files to Webpages, Flipbooks, Brochures & More / Downloader, 2
- WebToPDF or Percollate - Webpage to PDF Converters
- Dangerzone - Convert Malicious PDFs to Safe Files / GitHub
▷ PDF Utilities
- PDFGrep or OCRmyPDF - PDF Text Search
- View-only PDF - Download View-Only PDF on Google Drive
- PDFEncrypt - PDF File Encryption
- GraphPaper - PDF Graphs
- Aspose or pdf-unstamper - PDF Watermark Remover
- PDF Fixer - Repair Damaged PDFs
- OpenSign, FalsiScan, JustSignPDF or Adobe Sign - PDF Signature Tools
- Google Drive PDF Downloader - Download Protected Google Drive PDFs
- PDFCoffee - Upload PDF, Word or PowerPoint Files
- PrintFriendly - Printer Formatting Tools
► File Transfer
- ⭐ LocalSend - Desktop / Mobile Transfer / Discord / GitHub
- Photon - Desktop / Mobile Transfer / GitHub
- KDE Connect - Desktop / Mobile Transfer
- Warpinator - Desktop / Mobile Transfer
- Sefirah - Desktop / Mobile Transfer
- QRServ - Desktop / Mobile Transfer / GitHub
- Magic Wormhole - Desktop / Mobile Transfer
- croc - Desktop / Mobile Transfer / GUI
- LANDrop - Desktop / Mobile Transfer
- OnionShare - Share Files Over Tor Network
- FileZilla - FTP Client
- WinSCP - FTP Client
- Wing FTP - FTP Client
- Xlight - FTP Client
- IPFS or kubo - P2P Hypermedia Protocol
- IPFS Tools - Resources, 2 / Extension / Desktop / IPFS Cluster
▷ P2P Transfer
- ⭐ Blaze / GitHub
- ⭐ PairDrop / GitHub
- ⭐ JustBeamIt
- ⭐ SpaceDrop
- Surge - P2P App
- Wormhole
- ToffeeShare
- new.space
- FilePizza
- TransferNow
- Horizon Send
- Salad Room
- drop.lol / GitHub
- sendfilesencrypted.com
- LIGHTNING SHARE
- rDrop
- WebDrop
- MyAirBridge.com
- Sprend
- WebWormhole
- EchoDuck
- FileLove
► File Hosts
- Note - Keep in mind that it's never a good idea to upload personal or confidential files to any file host, even if they claim to be encrypted. Most file hosts only remove files after inactivity, while some delete them regardless. Check each host if you're concerned about file expiry. Tags are: Storage Size / File Size / Expiry.
- ↪️ Video File Hosts
- ⭐ Gofile - 100GB Monthly / Unlimited / 10 Days After Last Download / Cold Storage Bypass
- ⭐ Pixeldrain - Unlimited / 20GB per File / 120 Days After Last Pageview / Discord / Speedtest / Limit Bypass / Bypass Script
- ⭐ Files.vc - Unlimited / 10GB / Forever / Discord
- ⭐ Buzzheavier, 2, 3, 4 - Unlimited / 8 Days, Can Extend Forever / File Expiry / Use Adblocker / Discord
- ⭐ Catbox - Unlimited / 200MB / Forever
- ⭐ Pillowcase - Audio File Host / 200MB (500MB w/ Account) / Forever
- HIDAN - Unlimited / 10+ Days (from upload)
- Send.now - 100GB / 100GB per File / 30 Days After Last Download
- DesiUpload - Unlimited / 15 Days (15GB / 30 Days w/ Account)
- MixDrop - Unlimited / 60 Days / Account Required
- Qiwi - Account Required
- Fastupload.io - Unlimited / 30 Days (60 Days w/ Account)
- 1fichier.com - 300GB / 15 Days (30 Days w/ Account)
- Filebin - Unlimited / 6 Days / Warning
- file.kiwi - Unlimited / File Expiry Explanation
- Easyupload.io - 100GB / 30 Days
- FEX.NET - 100GB / 7 Days
- VikingFile - 500GB / 20 Days After Last Download
- DropMeFiles - 50GB / 14 Days
- GigaFile - 300GB / 100 Days
- UploadNow - 100GB / 7 Days, Can Extend Forever
- eDisk - 20GB / 30 Days
- Drop Download - 25GB / 90 Days / Account Required
- SwissTransfer - 50GB / 30 Days / 250 Downloads
- BowFile - 20GB / 20 Days
- Hexupload or AnonTransfer - 15GB / 30 Days
- Tempcloud - 10GB / 3 Days
- GrosFichiers or DataTransfer - 10GB / 14 Days
- Fshare - 10GB / 5 Days
- ShareFile, 2 - 5GB / Unlimited
- FileTransfer.io - 6GB / 21 Days / 50 Downloads
- udrop - 5GB / Forever
- Uploadev - 10GB / 180 Days After Last Download w/ Account
- Imagenetz - 5GB / 30 Days After Last Download
- FilePort - 5GB / 7 Days
- FileDitch or SendGB - 5GB / 90 Days
- MegaUp - 5GB / 60 Days
- Bestfile - 5GB / 80 Days After Last Download
- ufile.io - 5GB / 30 Days
- Internxt Send - 5GB / 15 Days
- UserDrive - 5GB / 65 Days
- pCloud Transfer or Tresorit Send - 5GB / 7 Days / Email Required
- Temp.sh - 4GB / 3 Days
- File Convoy - 3GB / 21 Days
- Send - 2.5GB / 3 Days / 10 Downloads / CLI / Instances
- JUMBOmail - 2GB / 7 Days / Email Required
- KrakenFiles - 1GB / 3 Months on Sign-Up
- DropMB - 512MB / 5 Years
- FireLoad - 2GB / 60 Days / Account Required
- FileGo - 2GB / 30 Days / Account Required
- Lufi - 2GB / 30 Days
- FilesPayouts - 10GB / Forever / Account Required
- DooDrive - 2GB / 30 Days / Account Required
- Clicknupload, 2 - 10GB / 8 Days / Account Required
- WeTransfer - 2GB / 3 Days
- Smash - 2GB / 7 Days / Email Required
- MultiUp.io / Extract / Upload or Mirrored.to - Multi Host Uploaders
- Z-o-o-m - Multi-Host Upload Desktop App
- Limited Upload Hosts - More Hosts / 1GB or Below
▷ Cloud Storage
- Note - Monthly prices are based on annual plans. 2TB prices are halved for comparison if a 1TB plan doesn't exist for a service.
- 🌐 Eylenburg Comparisons or ComparisonTabl.es - Compare Cloud Storage Sites
- ⭐ Google Drive - 15GB Free / 2 Years / ~$3 for 1TB
- ⭐ mega - 20GB Free / 3 Months / ~$4.50 for 1TB / GitHub
- disk.yandex - 5GB Free / 2 Years / $2 for 1TB
- filen - 10GB Free / 3 Months / ~$8 for 1TB / Account Required for Sharing
- terabox - 1TB Free / $3.50 for 2TB
- Dropbox - 1 or 2GB Free / 12 Months / ~$5 for 1TB / Client
- mediafire - 10GB Free / 8 Months / $5 for 1TB
- icedrive - 10GB Free / 3 Months / $5 for 1TB
- PCloud - 10GB Free / 1 Year / ~$4 for 1TB
- FebBox - 1TB Free / 1 Month / ~$4 for 2TB
- Proton Drive - 2GB Free (or 5GB for tasks) / 1 Year / ~$10 for 1TB
- JumpShare - 2GB Free / 1 Year / $8.25 for 1TB
- FileLu - 10GB / Forever / Expiry Warning
- CyberFile - 10GB Free
- MrOwl - 10GB Free / ~$16 for 1TB
- Blomp - 20GB Free / 1 Month / ~$3 for 2TB
- Akira Box - 20GB Free / 1 Years
- Backblaze B2 - 10GB Free / ~$6 for 1TB
- Cloudflare R2 - 10GB Free / ~$15.5 per 1TB
- 1Cloud File - 10GB Free
- OneDriveFly - OneDrive Indexes
- Fix-OneDrive-Zip - Fix OneDrive Zip Files >4GB
- SeaFile - Self-Hosted Cloud Storage
▷ Cloud Managers
- ⭐ Rclone - Cloud Storage Manager
- ⭐ Rclone Tools - Guide / Colab / Telegram / Transfer Tool
- ⭐ gclone - Cloud Storage Manager
- ⭐ Air Explorer - Cloud Storage Manager
- ⭐ RaiDrive - Cloud Storage Manager
- ⭐ Cyberduck - Libre Server / Cloud Storage Browser / GitHub
- SpaceDrive - Cloud Storage Manager
- AList - Cloud Storage Manager
- MultCloud - Cloud Storage Manager
- xpipe - Remote File Manager
▷ Google Drive Tools
- ⭐ OneClickRun - Google Drive Tools Colab / Features / Use Throwaways
- Any File to Google Drive - DDL to Google Drive Tool
- DriveUploader - Receive Files via Google Drive
- ZIP Extractor - Google Drive / Gmail File Archiver
- Google Drive CLI - Google Drive CLI Client
- goodls - Google Drive Downloader
- Google Drive Downloader - Google Drive Folder Downloader
- gdrivedl - Google Drive Python Download Script
- ISAAC - Google Service Account Generators
- goindex-extended / Themes or Google-Drive-Index - Google Drive Indexers
- gdurl, GDrive Link Generator, Direct.GDrive, Maulvi or GDriveWebAppPublic - Host Direct Links on Google Drive
- GdriveCloneWeb or Google Drive Clone Bot / GitHub - Copy Google Drives
- GD-EFC Link Encryptor - Google Drive Link Encryptor for GD-EFC
- gd-efc - Copy Encrypted Google Drive
- DriveRename - Bulk Google Drive File Rename
- Sharer, YuShare or GDToT - Google Drive File Sharing
▷ MEGA Tools
- ⭐ Megabasterd - Download Quota Bypass / Note
- ⭐ Mega Account Generators - Account Gen / Unlimited Upload Size / Fix
- MEGA Desktop / GitHub - Official GUI App
- MEGA CMD / GitHub - Official CLI App
-
@ ffbcb706:b0574044
2025-05-13 08:51:07Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque faucibus ex sapien vitae pellentesque sem placerat. In id cursus mi pretium tellus duis convallis. Tempus leo eu aenean sed diam urna tempor. Pulvinar vivamus fringilla lacus nec metus bibendum egestas. Iaculis massa nisl malesuada lacinia integer nunc posuere. Ut hendrerit semper vel class aptent taciti sociosqu. Ad litora torquent per conubia nostra inceptos himenaeos.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque faucibus ex sapien vitae pellentesque sem placerat. In id cursus mi pretium tellus duis convallis. Tempus leo eu aenean sed diam urna tempor. Pulvinar vivamus fringilla lacus nec metus bibendum egestas. Iaculis massa nisl malesuada lacinia integer nunc posuere. Ut hendrerit semper vel class aptent taciti sociosqu. Ad litora torquent per conubia nostra inceptos himenaeos.
-
@ 7e8ca676:b6a7569f
2025-05-13 01:47:06There was a time when Bitcoin smelled like ozone and rebellion. When men wore hoodies because they meant it. When software didn’t come with a mission statement or a DAO-approved pronoun guide. When the only thing a Bitcoin dev feared was being wrong, not being unpopular. \ \ That time is dead. \ \ It died somewhere between the fifth Twitter thread explaining why putting JPEGs on the base layer was “valid use,” and the fiftieth PR that added complexity to the engine in order to simplify the cupholders. Now we’re here, ankle-deep in a pool of our own mediocrity, arguing over whether we should triple the OP_RETURN limit so a VC-backed sidechain company can offload its plumbing costs onto your Raspberry Pi. \ \ Welcome to the future. It’s paved in GitHub comments and smells like a WeWork bathroom. \ \ Let’s speak plainly. This whole drama is not about OP_RETURN. It’s about power. Not electrical power. Not hash power. Soft power. The power to redefine what Bitcoin is for, one pull request at a time. It is the power to turn the protocol from a blunt, uncompromising monetary weapon into a polite corporate middleware bus for protocol startups that couldn’t raise a Series B without a little help from their friends in Core. \ \ Jameson Lopp wants to increase the OP_RETURN limit. Why? Because his company, Citrea, needs to squeeze a few more bytes into every transaction. It's not a crime. It’s not even dishonest. It's just pathetically on the nose. They don’t want to pay miners directly. They want the mempool to be their free emergency broadcast system. They want to lean on the public infrastructure without sending flowers or even a thank-you note. \ \ And what does Core say? \ \ They say yes. \ \ Because of “technical merit.” \ \ Because it’s “more efficient.” \ \ Because the devs have long since stopped being guardians of the protocol and started being unpaid product managers for whoever can string enough buzzwords together in a conference talk. \ \ You can see it in their eyes. You can hear it in their interviews. The Core devs aren’t building Bitcoin anymore. They’re managing Bitcoin. They’re curating it. Polishing it. Nerfing it for mass adoption. Like a bunch of Brooklyn baristas trying to make espresso kid-friendly. Bitcoin used to be an espresso shot poured directly into the mouth of the Federal Reserve. Now it’s a lukewarm latte with oat milk and consensus-breaking sprinkles. \ \ The worst part? The refusal to acknowledge that this is not about UTXO bloat. It's not about cleaner mempools. It’s about upstreaming corporate convenience into the base layer under the halo of neutrality. It’s about giving polite names to ugly compromises. “Policy adjustment.” “Ergonomic improvement.” “Relay optimization.” They speak in this weird dialect of bureaucratic techspeak that means nothing and does less. \ \ Meanwhile, the only thing that actually matters gets lost: ossification. \ \ The holy grail of this protocol is ossification. Not stagnation. Not laziness. Not gridlock. Just stability. The longer Bitcoin can go without consensus changes, the more credible it becomes. The more unchangeable it becomes. Like gravity. Like rust. It doesn’t matter how good your argument is. The system won’t budge. That’s the point. The value of Bitcoin isn’t in how clever the devs are. It’s in how irrelevant they become. \ \ But ossification isn't something you declare. You sneak up on it. You approach it sideways, like a wild animal. You do less and less until eventually you’re doing nothing at all, and nobody even remembers how to change the code anymore. That is the goal. To make the protocol so boring, so petrified, that no one can move it. Not Lopp. Not Luke. Not even Larry from Legal. \ \ To get there, we need something devs hate: client balkanization. \ \ That means splitting the client into pieces. Break the codebase. Separate the consensus engine from the policy fluff. Let people run different implementations. Let the free market decide what filters they want, what mempool rules they tolerate, what behavior they’re willing to relay. You want a node that bans inscriptions? Run it. You want a client that auto-forwards every transaction with a JPEG of your left toe? Go for it. Just don’t make it my problem. \ \ Right now, Bitcoin Core is a monoculture. It’s the cathedral and the altar and the pamphlet all rolled into one. That’s not healthy. That’s a single point of failure. That’s a priesthood. \ \ And no, Bitcoin isn’t a religion. It’s worse. It’s a culture. Religion has rituals. Culture has habits. And habits are harder to break. Especially when your dev team gets drunk on the idea that their opinions are features. \ \ If you want to fix this mess, you need to kill the idea that Bitcoin Core is the final word. Strip it down. Remove every line of non-consensus code. Make it boring. Make it dumb. Let the client rot in peace, and let a thousand weird little nodes bloom. \ \ Let the spammers spam themselves into oblivion. Let the free-riders find someone else to subsidize their infrastructure. Let every operator set their own damn filters. \ \ You’ll know ossification is working when the devs start getting bored. When they stop showing up. When there are no more debates. When the politics dry up. When Jameson Lopp finally logs off. \ \ Until then, every line of code you don’t remove is a future argument you’ll be forced to have with someone who thinks “data availability” is more important than keeping the protocol boring. \ \ Bitcoin does not need to be exciting. It needs to be a brick. A self-righteous, opinionated, uncompromising, utterly stubborn monetary brick. \ \ Keep your hands off it. \ \ And take your startup with you.OP_RETURN and the Cult of Cleverness: Or, How Bitcoin Core Learned to Love the Smell of Its Own Farts
There was a time when Bitcoin smelled like ozone and rebellion. When men wore hoodies because they meant it. When software didn’t come with a mission statement or a DAO-approved pronoun guide. When the only thing a Bitcoin dev feared was being wrong, not being unpopular.
That time is dead.
It died somewhere between the fifth Twitter thread explaining why putting JPEGs on the base layer was “valid use,” and the fiftieth PR that added complexity to the engine in order to simplify the cupholders. Now we’re here, ankle-deep in a pool of our own mediocrity, arguing over whether we should triple the OP_RETURN limit so a VC-backed sidechain company can offload its plumbing costs onto your Raspberry Pi.
Welcome to the future. It’s paved in GitHub comments and smells like a WeWork bathroom.
Let’s speak plainly. This whole drama is not about OP_RETURN. It’s about power. Not electrical power. Not hash power. Soft power. The power to redefine what Bitcoin is for, one pull request at a time. It is the power to turn the protocol from a blunt, uncompromising monetary weapon into a polite corporate middleware bus for protocol startups that couldn’t raise a Series B without a little help from their friends in Core.
Jameson Lopp wants to increase the OP_RETURN limit. Why? Because his company, Citrea, needs to squeeze a few more bytes into every transaction. It's not a crime. It’s not even dishonest. It's just pathetically on the nose. They don’t want to pay miners directly. They want the mempool to be their free emergency broadcast system. They want to lean on the public infrastructure without sending flowers or even a thank-you note.
And what does Core say?
They say yes.
Because of “technical merit.”
Because it’s “more efficient.”
Because the devs have long since stopped being guardians of the protocol and started being unpaid product managers for whoever can string enough buzzwords together in a conference talk.
You can see it in their eyes. You can hear it in their interviews. The Core devs aren’t building Bitcoin anymore. They’re managing Bitcoin. They’re curating it. Polishing it. Nerfing it for mass adoption. Like a bunch of Brooklyn baristas trying to make espresso kid-friendly. Bitcoin used to be an espresso shot poured directly into the mouth of the Federal Reserve. Now it’s a lukewarm latte with oat milk and consensus-breaking sprinkles.
The worst part? The refusal to acknowledge that this is not about UTXO bloat. It's not about cleaner mempools. It’s about upstreaming corporate convenience into the base layer under the halo of neutrality. It’s about giving polite names to ugly compromises. “Policy adjustment.” “Ergonomic improvement.” “Relay optimization.” They speak in this weird dialect of bureaucratic techspeak that means nothing and does less.
Meanwhile, the only thing that actually matters gets lost: ossification.
The holy grail of this protocol is ossification. Not stagnation. Not laziness. Not gridlock. Just stability. The longer Bitcoin can go without consensus changes, the more credible it becomes. The more unchangeable it becomes. Like gravity. Like rust. It doesn’t matter how good your argument is. The system won’t budge. That’s the point. The value of Bitcoin isn’t in how clever the devs are. It’s in how irrelevant they become.
But ossification isn't something you declare. You sneak up on it. You approach it sideways, like a wild animal. You do less and less until eventually you’re doing nothing at all, and nobody even remembers how to change the code anymore. That is the goal. To make the protocol so boring, so petrified, that no one can move it. Not Lopp. Not Luke. Not even Larry from Legal.
To get there, we need something devs hate: client balkanization.
That means splitting the client into pieces. Break the codebase. Separate the consensus engine from the policy fluff. Let people run different implementations. Let the free market decide what filters they want, what mempool rules they tolerate, what behavior they’re willing to relay. You want a node that bans inscriptions? Run it. You want a client that auto-forwards every transaction with a JPEG of your left toe? Go for it. Just don’t make it my problem.
Right now, Bitcoin Core is a monoculture. It’s the cathedral and the altar and the pamphlet all rolled into one. That’s not healthy. That’s a single point of failure. That’s a priesthood.
And no, Bitcoin isn’t a religion. It’s worse. It’s a culture. Religion has rituals. Culture has habits. And habits are harder to break. Especially when your dev team gets drunk on the idea that their opinions are features.
If you want to fix this mess, you need to kill the idea that Bitcoin Core is the final word. Strip it down. Remove every line of non-consensus code. Make it boring. Make it dumb. Let the client rot in peace, and let a thousand weird little nodes bloom.
Let the spammers spam themselves into oblivion. Let the free-riders find someone else to subsidize their infrastructure. Let every operator set their own damn filters.
You’ll know ossification is working when the devs start getting bored. When they stop showing up. When there are no more debates. When the politics dry up. When Jameson Lopp finally logs off.
Until then, every line of code you don’t remove is a future argument you’ll be forced to have with someone who thinks “data availability” is more important than keeping the protocol boring.
Bitcoin does not need to be exciting. It needs to be a brick. A self-righteous, opinionated, uncompromising, utterly stubborn monetary brick.
Keep your hands off it.
And take your startup with you.
-
@ 6ad08392:ea301584
2025-05-12 20:22:09Satlantis is here!
Well…sort of. It’s a little pre-mature, but it’s good enough for you to play around with. I wouldn’t necessarily call it super ‘useful’ right now but I wanted you to get an early glimpse into what we’re building so you can see how it evolves over time.
And besides - we have to release a first version at some stage!
Satlantis is the first travel-centric social network. It’s quite different from anything else that came before it. It’s part map, part directory, part events app and part social network.
It really is a monumental undertaking - but I’m convinced now is the time to build it. People are ready for something new. They are tired of the algorithmic slop social media has become. They’re craving real connection and they want to see, touch, smell, hear and taste the world. What better way to help them do that, than with a network that connects them, andhelps enhance their discovery of places, experiences and events that are relevant to them (based both on their interests and social connections).
That’s what this product is all about. We’re going to do what Google Maps, Yelp, Instagram, TripAdvisor etc. are all partially doing - but make it 10x better.
The first Satlantis app is now available on Apple Testflight or the Google Play store. In the coming month or two, we will make Satlantis accessible via invitation-only, to increase the quality of connection and discourse on the app, but if you’re reading this now, you’re in before we gate it, you can explore and give us some feedback while we work on it.
I will write release notes like this every couple weeks covering what we built, what to test and play with, what’s working, what needs improvement, what’s downright shit or broken and what’s coming in the next release. (This first one is the longest because I delayed it so much.)
I’d love to hear your feedback, and if you find this interesting, please share it around so other people find out about what we’re building!
The Good
Mobile AppWe got a version out, and you can actually use it.
Nostr Compatible.
Every single account on Satlantis is an nPub. You can log into Satlantis using your nSec (not your nPub - we forgot to include that...lol), and you will find your entire social network and all of your posts there (if they are media notes). On the Web, you need to use an extension, like Alby or Keys.band. On mobile you can paste your key (stored locally on the device).
Normie Friendly.
We also built a smooth non-nostr focused sign up flow. We originally used the nSec bunker, but that was a mess (love u Pablo). So we built our own nSec bunker, but that sucked too. Passwords are old school. After interviewing 100 people not into Bitcoin or Nostr, 95% of them preferred us to store their key. So…we took that feedback and created a really easy email + magic link, Google and Apple SSO sign up flow, that creates an account and Nostr keypair that we store on their behalf, encrypted.
If and when people work out what Nostr is and they want to take custody of their key, they will be able to export their key, and request deletion of their key from our DB.
Is this the most ‘pure’ solution? No. Does this mean they have to trust us? Sure. Could we do it better at some point? Yes, of course. But considering the number of mission critical features we need to build, we’ll come back to it later.
We currently only support Kind 1 events.
Well…we also support NIP-52 calendar events, but we’ve disconnected that for the time being because event organisers wanted co-hosts more than they wanted to broadcast their events on Nostr. We’re working on a way to reconcile the two. For now, post text & images. (Video coming soon).
Interest-centric onboarding.
We spent a lot of time building this. One of the key pillars at Satlantis is discovering people, places, events and content suited to you. As we dug down the personalisation rabbithole, we found that there is a resurgence of interest-selection in many apps: from Tinder to new apps like Locals and Timeleft. The more focused on personalisation the app is, the more in-depth the onboarding.
Of course Meta and TikTok do the best personalisation with their advanced ML & AI tools, along with their deep social graphs, but since we have neither (Nostr helps but it’s still very small), we needed a better way.
So we decided to build our interest-graph. It was brain-melting, but we developed a pretty exhaustive set of interests relevant to people in our target market. We then took that list and associated it to events, merchants, people, places, experiences, activities and content. We then built a whole new onboarding flow to capture this from new users, and associate it to their accounts. (Yes - at some stage, we’ll make this Nostr compatible so it can travel with nPubs)
The net result is a base layer of insight we can use to help surface things that are of interest to users. Whether it’s an event, a place to eat, a gym or sauna, content to engage with or people to meet: like magic, things that are relevant to you will come to you.
Of course, in the long term we will use your social graph and the way you interact with content to do this - more like Meta and TikTok do - but for now, while the social graph is tiny, this is the most efficient and effective way.
Final word: the current version has all the interests - but it’s not very user-friendly. The latest design fixes that by grouping the interests into better subcategories. Keep an eye on that in a subsequent release.
New Merchant Discovery Experience.
This was also a monumental task. Our first merchant experience was just a shitty map with a list on web, and just a list on mobile (see below). This list was ranked by an “aggregate rating” we computed by analysing all the venue’s ratings from apps like Google, Trip Advisor and more.
We spent a long time trying to figure out how to display this better and do it in a way nobody else is, because seriously -can you think of a single food app or merchant map out there which has a nice UI or UX? No.
AirBnB transformed the UI & UX for accommodation and pushed the whole space forward. Nobody has really done it for every other kind of place you go to. So we took it up ourselves to fix this and create a proper “merchant discovery experience” with an information-dense location tile. Check this out:
Notice how we managed to get all the key information you need about a place there on the one tile, including who in your social circle has recommended it. That’s the key ingredient which makes Satlantis special. No more messaging friends or people you know “hey - have you been to that place” or “do you recommend that place”?
One small issue here is that this upgrade will kill the map…but only for a couple weeks, until we release the new map view!
Merchant coverage
Our merchant app covers SIX distinct categories:
-
Cafes & Restaurants
-
Health & Wellness (think Gyms, Spas, Saunas, etc)
-
Attractions (from Museums, to lookouts to beaches & hikes)
-
Grocery & Specialty Foods (think Organic food store, farmers markets, etc)
-
Coworking & Event Spaces
-
Nightlife (Bars, Clubs, etc)
We scoured the web for the best curated lists and directories for each of these categories. This in Bitcoin accepted (everything relevant from BTCMaps - because we’re also built on Open Street Maps, so it’s synced up), Seed Oil Free (everything from Local Fats & Seed Oil Scout is here), Michelin Star rated, Real Milk (Raw Milk directory) and more.
Alongside all of these directories, our network of local ambassadors have submitted their top local picks for their favorite cities, so you have real local recommendations.
The destinations with the best maps are currently Canggu, Uvita, Prague, Sao Paulo, Dubai, Florianópolis.
Suggest Places & Merchants
This is working quite nicely. Anyone, anywhere can now suggest their favorite merchant. For now, we’re manually approving submissions daily to avoid spam and irrelevant shit. In time, we’ll find a better way to do this.
It’s all plugged into the Google API, so you can just type in the name of the place you think should be added (from mobile or web here). Once approved, our AI pipeline goes to work gathering all the available data from Google, TripAdvisor and elsewhere to set up the merchant profile, complete with review summaries, images, profile bio, contact details, opening hours, tags and more.
Got more upgrades to this flow in the works, but it’s ready for you to try out now.
City Pages
The current city pages are part of an outdated design which doesn’t fit our new visual language, but they are a ‘live’ feature. The original idea was to blend elements of Pinterest and Instagram but it backfired so we are changing to a more slick one-column feed. That being said, the core features of the city pages work. You can:
-
Join a city (like joining a community or following the page)
-
Post content on the city page
-
Navigate over to the different available pages, including merchants, events, scores and stats + facts
We have 80 cities currently available. More to come.
Scores, Stats & Facts
When we set out to first build Satlantis, we wanted to improve on the information NomadList was presenting for cities & destinations around the world. So we developed a different approach for city scoring based not only on data we could get from Numbeo, etc - but also information direct from people on the ground - in particular; expats and locals.
We put together a set of score categories and created a dedicated survey for select people to fill out, which would create some “foundation” scores, with a view to have this survey available to the crowd, perhaps via a score voting system or some sort on the page. We haven’t got that far yet. Right now, we have foundation scores for each of those 80 active cities, along with key Stats and Facts, like cost of living, wifi speed, water drinkability, and more:
This is not a core feature for us, so we will look to partner with other providers to enhance the experience, or we’ll completely re-think how we’re going to do it. Stay tuned for more here and let me know if you find it useful at all right now (or not).
Events
Last but not least, we have events! God dammit this was annoying because we built it NIP-52 compatible in the beginning, which then limited what we could do with co-hosts and other essential event features. And all for nothing since there are no other well built or maintained calendar-event clients on Nostr anyway.
So right now, when you post an event on Satlantis, it will post only on Satlantis. This means that as a host, you can edit, add co-hosts, add locations (proper merchant tiles) and delete.
We will make this Nostr-compatible again, most likely with some sort of button for hosts to “broadcast this event to Nostr” - knowing they will lose some flexibility once they do - but we need to do more research here. Maybe we’ll propose an upgrade to the calendar event NIP (or propose a new NIP altogether). It’s on our roadmap, so we’ll do our best to get to it soon.
Meetup integration.
We’ve been working with the Meetup API to let organizers quickly import their events into Satlantis. It’s been frustratingly complex because of how archaic they are, but we got it working!
🚀 If you run a Meetup, and want to automatically have your events listed on Satlantis when you list them on meetup,reach out! We’ll even cover the Meetup membership fee for 10 meetup groups who set up auto-importing for their events. If you’re interested, reach out to us.
The Bad
These things are currently bad, broken, incorrectly built or buggy. Believe me, if the list was exhaustive, this essay would be a book (our internal list is very full) - so I’m just going to touch on the main things we’re aware of and will be fixing…or just letting it burn slowly while we put out other fires.
Personal content feed
We started Satlantis with a media-only approach, taking inspiration from Instagram. We changed course a couple months ago to support text only posts, realizing there were a lot of other things people would like to post about travel, for example: guides, restaurants, reviews, tips, events, instructions, recommendations.
So…we started supporting this on the feed, and in the “post content” flow - but of course, not yet supported in the Profile view (which is still an image grid). This means if you post text only, you’re not going to see your own post on Satlantis 🤣🤣
To fix this, we’re building a “personal feed” section on your profile. But…that will come after we polish some of the things above, so if you’re posting on Satlantis right now, photos please!!
Video content
This one hurts too. We currently neither render videos from other clients, nor do we support video uploads on Satlantis. Not because we don’t want to, but because we haven’t got to it. This is high on the priority list and will be fixed in the upcoming releases.
Settings & Edit profile
We forgot to add “edit username” 🤣
This is being added now, along with a settings section where you can get your nPub and things like that. We’ll keep it very basic for now.
Notifications
Holy crap. These really suck. There is no other way to put it. The design is not great, the experience is buggy as hell and syncing notifications from the broader Nostr network doesn’t make life any easier. We’ll be making incremental improvements here (for a long time I guess).
Limited social graph functionality.
Right now, there’s not much social-dynamics beyond the feed. This will expand and begin to influence more than just content, but also merchants, events, people, activities, etc.
Speed issues.
Feed and profile loading times are sluggish and need performance improvements. Ongoing.
Large Destinations are problematic.
How do you rate a massive city like São Paulo as a single entity? Well….you can’t. Eventually, we’ll break major cities into regions, but that’s a big project for later.
For now, when you see scores, stats and facts, assume we’re covering the most relevant traveler-friendly areas (e.g., Jardins in São Paulo, Palermo in Buenos Aires, etc).
The Ugly
There is really only one new ‘feature’ to complete before we apply a feature freeze and continue on to polish everything. This and the other items listed will be available in the next release or two, so that the overall experience is a little more…beautiful.
Chat.
We wanted to do NIP-17, but considering that (a) most of the major apps are still NIP-04, (b) BTCPrague is around the corner and (c) limited resources, we chose to do a NIP-04 implementation for this first version. Not ideal, but good enough. Chat will continue to improve, not only with a NIP-17 upgrade, but with other features like chat folders, group chats, GIFs and more.
Polish List
-
Merchant Experience: Web and mobile updates
-
Merchant List: More cool places being uploaded
-
Events: New display, RSVP flow, co-host notifications, merchant integration
-
Onboarding: Updated interests tags & flow
-
Scores: Updates to Cost of Living & overall score weights
-
Notifications: A lot of improvement here
-
Feed: Text only posts, video uploads & rendering videos from other clients
-
City Page: New design and functionalities
-
Zaps: Yes. We will have Zaps.
Final Words
We have our work cut out for us!
We will be at BTCPrague in June and we are committed to releasing all of these features and components by then…as polished as possible.
The team and I have a couple of asks:
-
Download the app, and either create a new account or if you’re on Nostr, log in with your existing Nostr key (web requires an extension like Alby)
-
Go through the interests, and select those that are most relevant to you. The magic of the app happens as a function of how accurately you select those.
-
Post some content! Could be a photo introducing yourself or a “Good Morning” or whatever. Make sure you tag @Satlantis or @Svetski and I’ll boost you.
-
Check out the merchants in the top cities & see what’s around. The city with the most merchants right now is Florianopolis, but we have some coverage in many other cities
-
If you run a meetup or attend a regular Bitcoin meetup, let the organisers know, and let’s start to bring meetups and events across. Not asking anyone to ‘leave’ meetup now, but come and sync up your account so events are auto-published. \ As we make the events feature more robust (and Bitcoin native), every Bitcoin meetup in the world is going to want to come use this. If you’re early, you can help us shape it!
-
Let a couple of friends know about the app - ideally those who are not yet on Nostr - and ask them to try it out. They can sign up with email or SSO if they’re afraid to store their own key.
-
Like I said in the beginning, at some point in the next month or so, it will become an invite-only app. We will grandfather all existing users in, but new people will need an invite code (from existing users or via codes I drop into release notes and articles) to access it. \ \ The goal of this approach is to (a) increase the quality of connection amongst people on Satlantis, and (b) try a new way of growing a Nostr-based app.
-
Finally…we’ve decided to do an equity crowdfund. So if you find what we’re doing interesting and want to be a part of it, you’ll have a chance from June onwards. More to follow on this in the coming weeks. It will be on Timestamp Financial - Bitcoin crowdfunding platform - so go check them out.
Thank you again for your attention - I do not take it lightly. This is just the start, so expect to see ALOT more from us in the way of updates and shipping (plus these updates will be shooter).
Make sure you subscribe to this newsletter if you’re reading on Substack, or follow me if you’re on Nostr, Medium or wherever else you’re reading it.
Aleksandar Svetski
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@ eabee230:17fc7576
2025-05-12 14:38:11⚖️ຢ່າລືມສິ່ງທີ່ເຄີຍເກີດຂຶ້ນ ຮອດຊ່ວງທີ່ມີການປ່ຽນແປງລະບົບການເງິນຈາກລະບົບເງິນເກົ່າ ສູ່ລະບົບເງິນໃໝ່ມັນເຮັດໃຫ້ຄົນທີ່ລວຍກາຍເປັນຄົນທຸກໄດ້ເລີຍ ນ້ຳພັກນ້ຳແຮງທີ່ສະສົມມາດ້ວຍຄວາມເມື່ອຍແຕ່ບໍ່ສາມາດແລກເປັນເງິນລະບົບໃໝ່ໄດ້ທັງໝົດ ຖືກຈຳກັດຈຳນວນທີ່ກົດໝາຍວາງອອກມາໃຫ້ແລກ ເງິນທີ່ເຫຼືອນັ້ນປຽບຄືດັ່ງເສດເຈ້ຍ ເພາະມັນບໍ່ມີຢູ່ໃສຮັບອີກຕໍ່ໄປເພາະກົດໝາຍຈະນຳໃຊ້ສະກຸນໃໝ່ ປະຫວັດສາດເຮົາມີໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ ແລະ ເຄີຍຜ່ານມາແລ້ວຢ່າໃຫ້ຄົນລຸ້ນເຮົາຊຳ້ຮອຍເກົ່າ.
🕰️ຄົນທີ່ມີຄວາມຮູ້ ຫຼື ໃກ້ຊິດກັບແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານກໍຈະປ່ຽນເງິນທີ່ມີຢູ່ເປັນສິນສັບບໍ່ວ່າຈະເປັນທີ່ດິນ ແລະ ທອງຄຳທີ່ສາມາດຮັກສາມູນລະຄ່າໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ເຂົາຍັງຮັກສາຄວາມມັ້ງຄັ້ງໃນລະບົບໃໝ່ໄດ້.
🕰️ໃຜທີ່ຕ້ອງການຈະຍ້າຍປະເທດກໍ່ຈະໃຊ້ສິ່ງທີ່ເປັນຊື່ກາງໃນການແລກປ່ຽນເປັນທີ່ຍ້ອມຮັບຫຼາຍນັ້ນກໍຄືທອງຄຳ ປ່ຽນຈາກເງິນລະບົບເກົ່າເປັນທອງຄຳເພື່ອທີ່ສາມາດປ່ຽນທອງຄຳເປັນສະກຸນເງິນທ້ອງຖິ່ນຢູ່ປະເທດປາຍທາງໄດ້.
🕰️ຈາກຜູ້ດີເມື່ອກ່ອນກາຍເປັນຄົນທຳມະດາຍ້ອນສັບສິນທີ່ມີ ບໍ່ສາມາດສົ່ງຕໍ່ສູ່ລູກຫຼານໄດ້. ການເກັບອອມເປັນສິ່ງທີ່ດີ ແຕ່ຖ້າໃຫ້ດີຕ້ອງເກັບອອມໃຫ້ຖືກບ່ອນ ຄົນທີ່ຮູ້ທັນປ່ຽນເງິນທີ່ມີຈາກລະບົບເກົ່າໄປສູ່ທອງຄຳ ເພາະທອງຄຳມັນເປັນສາກົນ.
ໃຜທີ່ເຂົ້າໃຈ ແລະ ມອງການໄກກວ່າກໍ່ສາມາດຮັກສາສິນສັບສູ່ລູກຫຼານໄດ້ ເກັບເຈ້ຍໃນປະລິມານທີ່ພໍໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ ປ່ຽນເຈ້ຍໃຫ້ເປັນສິ່ງທີ່ຮັກສາມູນລະຄ່າໄດ້ແທ້ຈິງ.🕰️ເຮົາໂຊກດີທີ່ເຄີຍມີບົດຮຽນມາແລ້ວ ເກີດຂຶ້ນຈິງໃນປະເທດເຮົາບໍ່ໄດ້ຢາກໃຫ້ທັງໝົດແຕ່ຢາກໃຫ້ສຶກສາ ແລະ ຕັ້ງຄຳຖາມວ່າທີ່ຜ່ານມາມັນເປັນແບບນີ້ແທ້ບໍ່ ເງິນທີ່ລັດຄວາມຄຸມ ເງິນປະລິມານບໍ່ຈຳກັດ ການໃຊ້ກົດໝາຍແບບບັງຄັບ. ຖ້າຄອບຄົວຫຼືຄົນໃກ້ໂຕທີ່ຍູ່ໃນຊ່ວງເຫດການນັ້ນແຕ່ຕັດສິນໃຈຜິດພາດທີ່ບໍ່ປ່ຽນເຈ້ຍເປັນສິນສັບ. ນີ້ແມ່ນໂອກາດທີ່ຈະແກ້ໄຂຂໍ້ຜິດພາດນັ້ນໂດຍຫັນມາສຶກສາເງິນແທ້ຈິງແລ້ວແມ່ນຍັງກັນແທ້ ເວລາມີຄ່າສຶກສາບິດຄອຍ.
fiatcurrency #bitcoin #gold #history #paymentsolutions #laokip #laostr
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@ 119356ac:740a8b90
2025-05-14 23:03:31► System Tools
- Warning - It's not recommended to use debloaters unless you know what you're doing. Always research first, never just "Apply All" randomly.
- 🌐 Awesome Windows 11 - Windows 11 Resources
- 🌐 PC-Optimization-Hub - System Optimization Resources
- ↪️ Gaming Optimization
- ⭐ PowerToys - System Tools / Search / Plugins / GitHub
- ⭐ Sysinternals - Advanced System Tools / Suite
- ⭐ CPU-Z, winfetch, CPU Fetch, Glow or GPU-Z - System Info Tools
- ⭐ SuperF4 or FKill - Process Killers
- VCRedist - AIO Repack for Microsoft Visual C++ Redists
- Windows-11-Guide or Pastas - Windows Guides
- NanaRun - System Admin Tools
- PolicyPlus - Local Group Policy Editor
- PowerPlanSwitcher - Quickly Change Power Schemes
- Scheduler or TaskRunner - System Task Scheduler
- CoreTemp or System Informer - Process Monitors
- ThrottleStop - Laptop CPU Monitor / Optimizer
- RegExp, RegScanner, ripgrep-all or Registry-Finder - Registry Explorers / Scanners
- WinbIndex - Windows System Files / Binaries
- OfflineInsiderEnroll - Enable Windows Insider without Account
- WLSetup-All - Windows Live Essentials 2012 Archive
- Rhasspy - Voice Assistant
- OpenRecall or Windrecorder - Memory Search App / System Recorders
- Time.is - Check Accuracy of System Clock
- G-Helper - Armoury Crate Replacement
- LenovoLegionToolkit - Lenovo Vantage Replacement
▷ System Debloating
- ⭐ Debloat Guide - Windows Debloat Guide
- ⭐ Bulk Crap Uninstaller, Revo Uninstaller or GeekUninstaller - Bulk Uninstallation Tools
- ⭐ SophiaScript - Debloater
- BleachBit - Clean System Storage
- GhostBuster or Device Cleanup Tool - Remove Non-Present Devices
- Win11Debloat - Debloater
- Should I Remove It? - Program Removal Guide
▷ System Tweaks
- ⭐ Windhawk, MajorGeeks Windows Tweaks, Winaero or - System Tweaking Tools / Warning
- ⭐ EverythingToolbar or yasb - Tweaked Taskbars
- ⭐ Open Shell - Tweak Start Menu / Start Skin
- ⭐ EarTrumpet, Volumey or Volume2 - Tweak Volume Mixer
- ⭐ AltSnap - Tweaked Windows Dragging
- abbodi1406, BatUtil or TechNet-Gallery - System Scripts
- Win10 Widgets or Eww - Widgets for Windows
- Wintoys - System App Tweaking
- Wox, Listary, FlowLauncher, Ueli / GitHub - Keystroke / App Launchers
- Kando - App Launcher / Pie Menu / GitHub / Discord
- Hunt and Peck or Cerebro App - Tweaked System Navigation
- SmartSystemMenu - Tweak System Menu
- EasyContextMenu, Nilesoft Shell or ContextMenuManager
- RCWM - Tweaked Context Menus
- Explorer Tab Utility - Tweaked File Explorer
- Spencer - Classic Start Menu
- Taskbar Tweaker - Taskbar Advanced Features
- Taskbar Hide - Easily Hide / Show Taskbar
- QuickLook - macOS Quick Look for Windows
- TopNotify - Move Windows Notifications
▷ Package Managers
- ⭐ WinGet - CLI Package Manager / Repos / Automation / Auto Update / GitHub
- ⭐ UniGetUI - GUI for Popular Package Managers
- ⭐ Scoop - Portable Package Manager
- ⭐ sfsu or hok - Fast Scoop Utilities
- Spinel - Multi-Program Install Script Generator
- Chocolatey / GUI / GitHub, Patch My PC or RuckZuck - Package Managers
- Silent Install - Build Multi-Program Installers
- 0Install - Decentralized Cross-Platform Package Manager
- portableapps - Package Manager for Portable Apps
- Baulk - Minimalist Package Manager
- NirLauncher - Portable Package Manager for NirSoft Utilities
▷ Task Automation
- 🌐 Awesome AutoHotkey - AutoHotkey Resources
- 🌐 Awesome AutoIt - AutoIt Resources
- ⭐ AutoHotkey / Discord
- AutoIt
- Tinytask
- Power Automate
- sikulix
- ChoEazyCopy
▷ Terminal / CLI
- 🌐 The Terminal Directory - List of Terminal Emulators
- 🌐 terminals-are-sexy - Terminal Resources
- 🌐 Awesome CLI Apps or Command Line Tools - Command Line Resources
- ⭐ ss64 - Command Line Reference Index
- Windows Terminal / 2, ConEmu, Hyper, Tabby, MobaXterm or WezTerm - Windows Terminal Emulators
- BusyBox - Unix Commands for Windows
- Clink - Command Line Editing
- Nushell - Alt Shell
- Tiny Care Terminal - Terminal Dashboard That Cares
- Command Challenge - Command Line Learning
- Mintty - Cygwin Terminal Emulator
- GetDNote - Command Line Notebook
- PowerShell - Windows / macOS / Linux PowerShell
- LeanandMean - Powershell Snippets / Use with Caution
- PowerShell Scripts or WindowsPowerShell - Alt Shell Scripts
- Starship - Cross-Shell Prompt
▷ Remote Desktop
- ⭐ Parsec - Desktop Client / X / Discord
- ⭐ RustDesk - Desktop Client / Subreddit / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ Aspia - Desktop Client / Telegram / GitHub
- ⭐ Sunshine - Gaming Remote Desktop Client / Discord / GitHub
- Moonlight - Gaming Remote Desktop Client / Discord / GitHub
- Arcane - Desktop Client
- HopToDesk - Desktop Client / GitLab
- CoScreen - Desktop Client
- Remotly - Desktop Client
- Bananas - Desktop Client / Discord / GitHub
- ChromeRemoteDesktop - Web-Based
- InputDirector - Multi-Computer Client
- Mouse Without Borders - Multi-Computer Client
- p2p - Portable Client
- Screensy - Web-Based / GitHub
- Screego - Web-Based / GitHub
- Screen-Sharing - Web-Based / GitHub
- TigerVNC - VNC Client / GitHub
- TightVNC - VNC Client
- noVNC - JavaScript VNC Client / GitHub
▷ Clipboard Managers
- ⭐ Ditto - Clipboard Manager / GitHub
- PasteBar - Clipboard Manager / GitHub
- CrossPaste - Clipboard Manager / GitHub
- ArsClip - Clipboard Manager
- ClipAngel - Clipboard Manager
- CopyQ / GitHub or XClipper / GitHub - Clipboard Managers with Editing and Scripting Features
- MultiClipBoardSlots - Extend Clipboard by 10 Memory Slots
▷ Window Managers
- ⭐ GlazeWM - Tiling Window Manager Inspired by i3wm
- ⭐ Komorebi or WorkSpacer / GitHub - Tiling Window Managers
- Whim - Pluggable Dynamic Window Manager
- DWM - Port of X11 dwm to Windows
▷ Virtual Machines
- 🌐 Awesome Web Desktops or Simone's Computer - OS Emulators / VMs
- ↪️ Android Emulators
- ↪️ Hackintosh Resources
- ⭐ VMware Workstation or VirtualBox / Portable - Virtual Machines
- ⭐ Virt-Manager / GitHub, MultiPass / GitHub or Vagrantup / GitHub - Virtual Machine Managers
- Looking Glass - App for Using Kernel-Based Virtual Machine Configured for VGA PCI Pass-Through / GitHub
- Qemu, Hyper-V or Denodo Test - Virtual Machines
- OSBoxes - Preinstalled Virtual Machine
- Terminator - Online Virtual Machines
- JSLinux - Online Linux Virtual Machines
- QuickEmu or Dexpot - Virtual Machine Creator
- Virtual x86 - x86-compatible OS Emulators
- PCjs Machines - Classic Computer Emulators
- InfiniteMac - Apple OS Emulators
- winevdm - 16-bit Windows on 64-bit Systems
- Blink - Linux Emulator for Windows
- Dockerholics - Docker Apps
- WebCatalog - Turn Sites into Desktop Apps
► Hardware Tools
- ↪️ PC Building / Shopping
- ⭐ PSU Calculator - Find Compatible Power Supplies
- DeviceTests - Multiple Device Tests
- NotCPUCores, BES, ParkControl, QuickCPU or Process Lasso - CPU Optimizer
- Ozone3D, UNIGINE Benchmarks or OCCT - System Benchmarking
- Testmem5 - Memory Benchmarking
- MemTest - Memory Diagnostic Tool
- SDIO, Drivers Collection, Driverscape or DriverStoreExplorer - Update / Install Missing Drivers / Note
- VOGONS - Vintage Computer Hardware Forum
▷ Hardware Monitors
- ⭐ HWiNFO - System Info & Monitoring
- Scrutiny, GSmartControl / GitHub or smartmontools - Hard Drive Monitors
- CoolerControl - Cooling Device Monitor
- BatteryMode - System Tray Battery Percentage / Managers / GitHub
- HWMonitor - Hardware Monitors
- fastfetch - System Info & Monitoring
- Task Manager DeLuxe - Task Manager Alt
- Libre Hardware Monitor - Updated Fork of Open Hardware Monitor
- FanControl / GitHub or FanCtrl - PC Fan Controllers
- Traffic Monitor - Network & Hardware Monitor
- bottom or Glances / GitHub - Terminal Hardware Monitors
▷ GPU Tools
- ⭐ NVTOP - GPU / Accelerator Process Monitor
- ⭐ GreenWithEnvy - Manage / Control NVIDIA Cards
- ⭐ NVCleanstall or NVSlimmer - NVIDIA Driver Packages
- Display Driver Uninstaller, 2 - Display Driver Removal Tool / GitHub
- TinyNvidiaUpdateChecker - NVIDIA GPU Update Checker
- nvidiaProfileInspector - Modify / View Hidden NVIDIA Settings / Guide
- RadeonSoftwareSlimmer - Debloat AMD Drivers
- R.ID - AMD 3rd Party Drivers / Discord
- SMCAMDProcessor - AMD Processor Power Management
- PresentMon - GPU Benchmarking
- Universal x86 Tuning Utility - Laptop GPU Controller / GitHub
- RyzenAdj - Ryzen Laptop GPU Controller
▷ Disk Tools
- 🌐 Awesome Storage - File Storage Resources
- 🌐 Awesome DataHoarding - Data Hoarding Resources
- ⭐ WizTree - Disk Usage Analyzer
- ⭐ CrystalDiskMark or CCISOBench - Disk Benchmarking Tools
- ⭐ GParted / GitLab, MiniTool Partition Wizard or AOMEI Partition Assistant / Unlocker - Partition Managers
- ⭐ Validrive - Check True Storage Size of USB Devices
- WinDirStat - Disk Usage Analyzer / Cleanup Tool / GitHub
- TrueNAS - Storage System
- QDirStat - Directory Statistics
- CrystalDiskInfo - S.M.A.R.T. Data Analyzer
- Macrorit Partition Expert or Diskovery - Disk Usage Analyzers
- Gdu or dua - Disk Usage Analyzer with Parallel Processing
- Erdtree - Cross-Platform Disk Usage Analyzer
- PC Manager - Disk Managers / Cleanup
- Air Live Drive - Mount Cloud Drives as Local Disks
- SFTPDrive - Mount SFTP Servers as Local Disks
▷ Monitor Tools
- ⭐ DisplayFusion or Dual Monitor Tool - Dual Monitor Tools
- ⭐ f.lux, LightBulb, ScreenTemperature or SunsetScreen - Adjust Display Color / Temperature
- ⭐ Monitorian, Twinkle Tray / GitHub or Dimmer - Adjust Monitor Brightness
- EIZO, Monitor or LCDTech - Monitor Performance Tests
- TestUFO - Monitor Framerate Test
- LittleBigMouse - DPI Test
- Scalizer - Auto DPI Scaling / YouTube
- ICM or ICC Profiles - ICC Profiles and Monitor Calibration
- Display Calc - Display Distance / Dimension Calculator
- Multi-Monitor Calculator - Dual-Monitor Setup Planning / Tests
- Wide Gamut - Color Compatibility Test
- Dead.Pixel - Dead Pixel Test
- JScreenFix - Repair Stuck Pixels
- CenterOfMyScreen - Find Center of Monitor
- ShowDesktopOneMonitor - Show Desktop for Only One Monitor
- Deskreen / GitHub or SpaceDesk - Use Mobile Device as Monitor
- ShaderGlass - Custom Screen Shaders
- DaltonLens or Toptal - Color Blindness Filters
- NVDA - Screen Reader for Blind Users / GitHub
▷ Mouse / Keyboard
- ⭐ /r/MechanicalKeyboards Wiki - Mechanical Keyboard Resources
- ⭐ Hotkey Cheatsheet, Use The Keyboard, HotkeyP, Clavier++, Kinto or CheatKeys - Keyboard Shortcuts / Image, 2 / Course
- ⭐ VIA / GitHub, SharpKeys, Kanata, keymapper, Ergogen, Mahou - Custom Keyboard Layouts / Remapping
- ⭐ geekhack or KeebTalk - Keyboard Forums
- X-Mouse Button Control - Re-Map Mouse Buttons / Scroll Wheel
- MoveMouse or MouseJiggler - Simulate User Activity
- Raw Accel - Mouse Acceleration Tool
- StrokeIt - Mouse Gestures
- Espanso - Typing Shortcuts / GitHub
- win-vind - Vim Style Keybindings for Windows
- Vial - Custom Keyboard Config Tool
- KeyViz - Keystroke Visualizer
- WhatPulse - Mouse / Keyboard Usage Analyzer
- Kmonad - Keyboard Manager
- Deskhop - Quickly Switch Devices between Computers
- Switchy - Switch Keyboard Languages with Button
- Is this good? - Custom Keyboard Guides
- DreyMaR's - Keyboard Tips and Resources
- Keyboard University or KDB - Mechanical Keyboard Building Guides
- Cosmos - Create Custom Keyboards
- Keyboard Simulator - Design & Test Virtual Keyboards
- Key Test - Keyboard Tester
▷ System Audio
- ⭐ Equalizer APO, 2 / GUI, AutoEq, Dolby Access / Note or FXSound - Audio Equalizers
- Wave Link or VoiceMeeter / Banana - Audio Mixers / Multi-Device Playback
- SoundSwitch - Switch Audio Device with Hotkey / GitHub
- SonyHeadphonesClient - Sony Headphones Clone
- Audiocheck - Audio Tests
- LowAudioLatency - Reduce Audio Latency
- DigitalFeed - Lossless Audio Sound System Test
- Online Mic Test or Check Mic - Mic Test
- Sound Meter or REW - Measure Surrounding Sound Level
- Krisp or noise-suppression-for-voice - Noise Suppression Tools
- AirPods Dirty Secret - AirPods Repair Directory
► Windows ISOs
- ⭐ Genuine Installation Media - Windows ISOs / Clean Install Guide
- files.rg-adguard or MVS dump - Verify ISO Legitimacy
- OS.click, MyDigitalLife or Microsoft SD - Windows ISOs
- Old School OS, OS Vault, VETUSWARE or WinWorldPC - Oldschool ISOs
- Fido - ISO Powershell Script
- NetBoot - Boot Operating Systems without ISOs
- CoolStar - Install Windows on Chromebook
▷ USB / Bootloaders
- ⭐ Rufus - Create Bootable USB Drives
- ⭐ YUMI - Create Bootable USB Drives
- MediaCreationTool - Windows Deployment Automation
- USBTreeView - USB Device Tree Viewer
- CloverBootloader or EasyBCD - Bootloaders / Config
▷ Windows Activation
- ⭐ MAS - Activation Scripts / Windows / Office / Discord
- ⭐ KMS_VL_ALL_AIO - Offline Activator / Windows / Office
- OfficeRTool - Offline Activator / Office
▷ Windows Updates
- ⭐ Windows 10 After EOL - Receive Windows Updates After Win10's End-Of-Life
- ⭐ ChangeWindows - Latest Windows Update Info
- stopupdates10 or InControl - Enable / Disable Win 10/11 Updates / Can Cause Breakage
- LegacyUpdate - Fix Windows Updates for Legacy Editions
- Extended Win 7 Updates - Extended Windows 7 Updates
- WURefresh - Reset Windows Update Components
- UUP Dump or Microsoft Update Catalog - Download Previous Windows Updates
- PC Health Check or WhyNotWin11 - Identify why your PC isn't Ready for Windows 11
- FlashMyBoard - Receive Motherboard Update Notifications
▷ Windows Repair
- MagNumDB, ErrorLookup or Microsoft Error Lookup - Windows Debugging Tools
- /r/TechSupport / Wiki - Tech Support Subreddit / Discord
- Hardforum, TechGuy, Eleven Forums or Ten Forums - Tech Support Forums
- Medicat - Computer Diagnostic / Recovery Toolkit / GitHub
- PhoenixPE - Recovery Environment
- Hiren's BootCD PE or Win10XPE - Preinstallation Environments / Recovery
- Magic Trace - Diagnose Performance Issues using Intel Processor Trace
► Customization
- 🌐 Windows-Ricing or Heliohost Guide - Windows Ricing Resources
- ⭐ Rainmeter - Desktop Customization / Discord
- ⭐ OpenRGB / Beta, WLED, Aurora, LiquidCTL, Artemis, RGBSync, SignalRGB or FireLight - RGB Lighting Control
- ⭐ VSThemes, WindowsCustomization or 7Themes - Theme Indexes
- Styled Themes - Anime / Modern Style / macOS Style, 2 / Old School Style, 2
- VirtualCustoms or winthemers - Customization Communities
- Desktops - Customization Showcases
- XDesktopSoft - Desktop Customization
- SecureUxTheme or UltraUXThemePatcher - UX Patcher
- Cursormania Archive - Cursors
- MacOS Cursors for Windows, CursorOS or macOS-cursors-for-Windows - macOS Style Cursors
- Mechvibes / GitHub or MechaKeys - Keyboard Sound Effects
- ElectricSheep or After Dark CSS - Screensavers
- FolderMarker, Flaired Folder, CustomFolder - Custom Folder Icons
- Recycle Bin Themes - Custom Recycle Bin Icons
- msstyleEditor - Visual Style Editor
- StartIsBack or StartAllBack - Start Menu Customization
- Taskbar Tweaker, TranslucentTB, NiceTaskbar - Taskbar Customization / Old School Style
- AccentColorizer - Accent Color Customization
- BeautySearch - Search Customization
- ElevenClock - Clock Customization
- HackBGRT - Boot Logo Changer
- WinDynamicDesktop or Dynamic Theme - Auto Change Wallpaper
- ExplorerBlurMica - File Explorer Effects
- MicaForEveryone - Title Bar Effects
- Cute Borders - Border Color Changer (Win11 Only)
- ModernFlyouts - Modern Flyouts / GitHub
- Alternative Windows Shells Wiki - Alt Windows Shells
- Aerial - Apple TV Screensaver
- ExcelDarkThemeFix - Fix Excel on Themed Windows
- MacType - Use Mac Fonts on Windows / GitHub
▷ App Themes
- ⭐ Dracula / Discord or Catppuccin / Discord - Custom App Themes
- ⭐ terminal.sexy, TerminalSplash, Solarized or WindowsTerminalThemes - Terminal Themes
- Rosé Pine / Discord, Aura Theme or theme.park - Custom App Themes
- Totally Awesome List - Old School App Themes
- Pokemon Terminal - Pokémon Terminal Themes
- Traffic Monitor - System Monitor Themes
▷ Wallpapers
- ⭐ wallhaven.cc - Search Wallpapers / Downloader / Client
- ⭐ Wallpaper Abyss, WallpaperCave, WallpapersCraft, VSThemes - Search Wallpapers
- ⭐ Rev Wallpaper or r/WallpaperRequests - Reverse Wallpaper Search
- ⭐ Studio Ghibli Wallpapers or Ghibli Upscaled - Studio Ghibli Wallpapers
- ⭐ Ultimate Windows Wallpack / Wiki, Spotlight - Windows Wallpapers
- ⭐ LWP, /r/LivingBackgrounds, WALLegend or MoeWalls - Live Wallpapers
- /r/Wallpaper - Wallpapers Community
- DualMonitorBackgrounds - Dual Monitor Wallpapers
- Scenic Illustrations - Landscape Wallpapers
- CoolBackgrounds - Customizable Wallpapers
- Simple Desktops, Minimalistic Wallpaper, Positron Dream or SetAsWall - Minimalist Wallpapers
- Aesthetic Wallpapers - Aesthetic Wallpapers
- Mac Walls or BasicAppleBlog - Apple Wallpapers
- ChromecastBG - Chromecast Wallpapers
- Bing Wallpaper Archive - Bing Wallpapers
- Xbox Wallpapers - Xbox Wallpapers
- Screencaps or shot.cafe - Movie / TV Wallpapers
- Anime Pictures, WallpaperWaifu, TheOtaku or MyLiveWallpapers - Anime Wallpapers
- WallsPic, WallpaperFlare, HDQwalls or UHD Wallpaper - Misc Wallpapers
- G_Walls - Telegram Wallpaper Channels
▷ Wallpaper Tools
- ⭐ Wallpaper Engine / PKG to Zip / Collections, 2 / Workshop DL - Wallpaper Manager
- ⭐ Lively or ScreenPlay - Live Wallpaper Manager
- backiee - Wallpaper Manager
- SuperPaper - Cross-Platform Multi-Monitor Wallpaper Manager
- Background Switcher - Multi-Host Wallpaper Switcher
- Faerber - Edit Wallpapers to Match Color Scheme
- AutoWall - Turn Videos / GIFs to Live Wallpapers
- Awesome Wallpaper - Show System Information on Wallpaper
-
@ 005bc4de:ef11e1a2
2025-05-12 14:00:42Hostr
Hive + Nostr = Hostr, a bidirectional bridge.
Hostr is a bidirectional bridge between Nostr and Hive. What you post on one is automatically cross-posted to the other. (See SETUP.md if you want to jump right in and run it.)
This is experimental. Expect that there will be glitches, errors, and corrections to be made. So, consider it very beta, with no guarantees, and use at your own risk.
Nostr and Hive have differences, mainly, Nostr is a protocol and Hive is a blockchain. Nostr does not have a token, although bitcoin is much-loved and used across Nostr. Hive has two main tokens: HIVE and the HBD stablecoin. More importantly, Nostr and Hive have similarities. Both are decentralized and censorship resistant thanks to users owning and controlling their own private keys.
Nostr users - why you might want to bridge to Hive
I feel the #1 reason a Nostr user might wish to use this bridge is to permanently store and chronicle your Nostr notes.
-
Immutability for your Nostr notes. Your notes on Nostr are held on relays; if they go away, your notes go away. (There was a “nosdrive.app” backup, however I do not believe it’s still working.) Hive is immutable. There is no "delete" and even an “edit” on Hive does not erase the original. Like with a wiki page, a Hive edit shows the most recent version, but the original still remains historically. This would give Nostr users a permanent record of their notes in chronological order.
-
Hive is an excellent long form blogging platform with stable and persistent links. Finding old Nostr notes can be difficult.
-
Increase your reach and potentially gain followers. Your content will bridge off of the Nostr island and be opened to 10-30,000 daily Hive users. Go to https://peakd.com/c/hive-133987 and look for “Hive statistics” to see numbers.
-
Earn rewards in HIVE and HBD. “Likes” on Nostr do not reward you monetarily, but every upvote on Hive yields rewards. For bitcoin maxis, these tokens can easily be swapped into sats with tools like the https://v4v.app web app, or others.
-
Help grow Nostr. Every note that bridges over to Hive will have a footer saying something like, “This note originated on Nostr,” with a link back to your Nostr note on njump.me. On that page, a "Join Nostr" button is prominent.
Hive users - why you might want to bridge to Nostr
-
Increase your reach and potentially gain followers. Your content will be bridged off the Hive island and be opened to 17-18,000 daily users. See https://stats.nostr.band for Nostr stats.
-
Earn bitcoin sats in the form of “zaps.” Nostr does not have a token. But, it has a strong culture of zapping (tipping) bitcoin satoshis to other users to reward quality content. Memes are loved and often zapped too.
-
Unlimited posting. Nostr is not held back by posting or activity limitations, such as with Resource Credits or community norms that frown on posting too often.
-
Even more censorship resistance. Hive is truly censorship-free in that posted content, no matter the content, does indeed posted. However, front ends can choose to show or not show content that the community has downvoted. Nostr is more free speech or censorship resistant...you post it, it's posted. (Relays can choose to relay it or not, accept it or reject it, but you could run your own relay.)
-
Help grow Hive. Every post that bridges over to Nostr will have a footer saying something like, “This post originated on Hive,” with a link back to your Hive blockchain post. This brings wider exposure to Hive.
Quirks about Nostr and Hive
If you’re unfamiliar with Nostr, it has a few quirks:
-
You have one private key, called an “nsec”. It goes along with your “npub”, your public key. Your npub is your username, your nsec IS your account.
-
You simply need an nsec, then a “client” which is a front end.
- You need to add “relays” to your client in order to connect. This is very easy, but how to do it depends on the client. Client's usually walk you through this when you start.
- Short form content (like the old "Tweets") are called kind 1 notes. Long form notes, like most Hive posts, are called kind 30023.
If you’re unfamiliar with Hive, it has more quirks:
-
Hive has five private keys, yes, five. Each has a specific purpose. From least powerful to most powerful, they are: posting key (to post), active key (to move tokens), owner key (to do anything), memo key (to dm/pm), and backup/master private key (to totally restore all keys). Don’t worry about all the keys. For Hostr, we only deal with posting notes/posts, so the posting key is all we deal with.
-
Hive has a culture of frowning on posting too often. Doing so can be seen as trying to milk the HIVE/HBD rewards that you gain from upvotes. Too much posting can be viewed as spamming and result in downvotes (this hurts your Web-of-Trust score, called “reputation” on Hive, and is shown alongside your username; you want to grow and keep your reputation up). The chain also has a 5-minute cool-down rule coded in: after posting, you cannot post for another five minutes.
-
Additionally, to avoid spam, Hive actions burn “Resource Credits” or RCs. Think of RCs as the charge % in your phone battery. Every action on Hive uses RCs, so they dwindle with every use. Posting is high in RC cost. Bad news: if you run out of RCs, you’re unable to do things on Hive. Good news: RCs also recharge. If out of RCs, you can wait and then do things later. For the Hostr script, over-posting means the script will post until RCs are exhausted, then it will stall until RCs are recharged, post again, stall, etc. You can check your RCs in many places, such as a Hive explorer like https://hivescan.info and entering your Hive username. If you have RC issues, reach out for help.
You don't want to over-post on Hive. To avoid over-posting, Hostr has two versions of the script:
-
bidirectional-longform30023.js
- Nostr ➡️ Hive - Listens only for kind 30023 (long form) Nostr notes to bridge over to Hive. Kind 1 short form notes are ignored.
- Hive ➡️ Nostr - Any Hive post over 380 characters gets truncated as a kind 1 (short form) Nostr note (with a link back to the full Hive post).
-
bidirectional-bridge.js
- Nostr➡️Hive - This script listens for both kind 1 (short form) and kind 30023 (long form) Nostr notes and bridges both over to Hive.
- Hive ➡️ Nostr - Same as above (380+ is truncated).
Which script version should I use?
- If you post frequently on Nostr (more than 2 times per day?), the bidirectional-longform30023.js script is likely best. Per Hive community norms, you don't want to post too often on there. With this script version, only long form notes will bridge over from Nostr to Hive.
- For newcomers to Hive, I would start with this script to be safe.
-
If in doubt, use this script.
-
If you post infrequently on Nostr (2 times per day or fewer?), the bidirectional-bridge.js (both kinds 1 and 30023) might work fine for you.
Nostr users - how to begin
You’ll need a Hive account. You can see sign-up options at https://signup.hive.io. Some options are free, others are not. I (crrdlx) have some free “VIP tickets” to sign up with and you are welcome to use one if you wish, see https://crrdlx.vercel.app/hive-vip-ticket.html. If the tickets there are already spent, contact me and I'll get you set up.
As with Nostr, the critical thing with a Hive account is saving your keys. Hive has multiple keys, just save them all. We’ll only use the “posting key” for the Hostr bridge, however. The other keys can be used on Hive if you wish. (For instance, the "active key" is used to handle your HIVE/HBD rewards earned, the "memo key" for private messages.)
Once signed up (and keys are safe), you can adjust your Hive account/profile using any Hive front end like https://peakd.com/username, https://ecency.com/username, or https://hive.blog/username. Just remember, every action on Hive burns RCs, keep an eye on that.
You can learn more about Hive at https://hivewiki.vercel.app if you wish.
See the "Setting up..." section below to set up the bridge.
Hive users - how to begin
You’ll need a Nostr account. Getting a Nostr "account" is nothing more than generating keys. A simple way to do this is at https://nstart.me If you wish to dig into details, take a look at http://nostrwiki.crrdlx.infinityfreeapp.com/doku.php?id=wiki:get-started
As with Hive, you simply need to safely store your private keys. On Nostr, your private key is called your “nsec” (sec, as in “secret”). Your public key is your “npub” (pub, as in "public"). Your nsec is all you need, but just so you know, your private key comes in two formats: (a) your nsec, and (b) the “hex” form (same key, just different forms). With the Hostr bridge, we’ll use the hex private key. Depending on how you join Nostr, your hex key may be given to you at sign up. But, even if it's not, you can always check back-and-forth between nsec and hex keys using a tool like https://nostrtool.com and choosing "Load a privkey from nsec/hex".
Again, just save your nsec and/or hex private key and you’re set.
You can learn more about Nostr at https://nostrwiki.vercel.app if you wish.
See the "Setting up..." section below to set up the bridge.
Setting up the Hostr bridge
To set up the bridge, see SETUP.md in the repo below. The Hostr bridge has a bit of technicals behind it, but don't get intimidated. Because technical things change, I’ll keep the technical how-to instructions housed at https://github.com/crrdlx/hostr
Disclaimer
This is an experimental bridge. Expect that there will be glitches, errors, and corrections to be made. So, consider it very beta, with no guarantees, and use at your own risk. Source code: https://github.com/crrdlx/hostr
Built with ❤️ by crrdlx
Connect on Hive: @crrdlx
Connect on Nostr: nostr:npub1qpdufhjpel94srm3ett2azgf49m9dp3n5nm2j0rt0l2mlmc3ux3qza082j
All contacts: https://linktr.ee/crrdlx
-
-
@ 55f04590:2d385185
2025-05-12 12:34:10Behind the scenes, a lot has happened over the past weeks.
The design of the book’s pages is nearly finished. I’ve selected and placed the illustrations and sketches I’ll feature and I’m close to finalising the Introduction section. All that’s left to do is a small photo shoot of some things from my archives, selecting one or two more articles for the Context section, and illustrating the articles.
After that I’ll print a dummy and kick off the second round of iteration—crossing T’s, dotting I’s. (And then I’ll cross those T’s and dot those I’s again and again because, surely, more things will arise.)
In parallel, and perhaps most importantly, I’m working on the design of the cover. I have a few ideas I’d like to discuss with the printer to learn more about the various possibilities and costs.
Book site
The book is now also available for pre-order through its own website, where you can pay for it in euros or dollars, if you prefer. BTC payments are still possible, too.
Originally I only offered one pre-order option that included rewards, like a print and a sticker pack. I’ve now named that the Collectors Edition, and added a separate option to order just the book (without additional rewards) at a reduced price.
Once the book is out in the world, this site is where I’ll have it up for sale. I’ll make the articles and illustrations from the Context section available there too. They’ll be published, in their entirety, under the Creative Commons Share-alike license.
Promo video
My friend Lilia shot and edited a short promotional video that provides a glimpse behind the scenes in my studio in Amsterdam, a peek at the book’s production process, and a sneak preview of the first spreads. While the process was new to me, this video was a lot of fun to make and I’m proud of the result.
Pre-orders
The total number of pre-orders has grown to 76—12 of which came through the new website. I initially thought I’d be selling 50 pre-orders at most, so things are definitely exceeding my expectations.
Feel free to place your pre-order through the new site, or use the Geyser crowdfund campaign to secure your copy.
Up next
In my next blog I’ll dive a little deeper into the technical side of the book. I’ll take you through the different kinds of paper I’ll use, the printing methods we’ll employ, and how the book will be bound and finished.
Keep your eyes peeled! Thomas
Previous updates
The NoGood art book announcement Update 01 – Humble beginnings Update 02 – Throwback Update 03 – Loops
Pre-order a book
The NoGood art book is available as a pre-order on book.nogood.studio, where you can pay for it in euros or dollars, if you prefer. BTC payments are still possible, too.
Alternatively, visit the Geyser crowdfund campaign to secure your copy.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/978096
-
@ 119356ac:740a8b90
2025-05-14 23:00:35► Torrent Sites
Warning - It's best to avoid sites that allow anyone to make accounts when getting both software and games. Avoid sites and uploaders listed on the Unsafe Sites page, and remember to use a VPN.
- ⭐ RuTracker, 2 - Video / Audio / Comics / Magazines / Sign-Up Required
- ⭐ RuTracker Tools - Addon / Wiki / Rules / Translator
- ⭐ m0nkrus / 2 - Adobe Software Archive / Block Adobe / Search / Telegram
- ⭐ Torrent CSE / CSE 2 - Multi Site Search
- 1337x - Video / Audio / NSFW
- 1337x Tools - Mirrors, 2, 3 / User Ranks / Telegram Bot, 2 / IMDb Ratings / Proxy, 2 / .onion / Magnets / Timezone Fix
- RARBG Dump - Video / Audio / Games / Books / NSFW / Continuation Project
- LimeTorrents - Video / Audio / Books
- IsoHunt - Video / Audio / Books
- TorrentDownloads - Video / Audio / Books
- ExtraTorrent - Video / Audio / Books / NSFW
- rutor.info, 2, 3 - Video / Audio / Books / ROMs / Magazines / Use Translator
- NNM-Club - Video / Audio / Note
- Torrenting - Video / Audio / Books / NSFW / Sign-Up Required
- ZeroTorrent, 2 - ZeroNet Required / Video / Audio
- 4chan /t/ - Torrents / Imageboard / Some NSFW
▷ Aggregators
Warning - Aggregators include many sources, so it's best to avoid using them for software and games. Avoid sites and uploaders listed on the Unsafe Sites page.
- ⭐ BTDigg - DHT-Based / .onion / .i2p
- ⭐ Knaben
- ExT, 2 / Proxy
- TorrentProject, 2 - DHT-Based
- DaMagNet - DHT-Based
- TorrentDownload
- TorrentQuest
- TorrentCORE
- Cleanbay
- CloudTorrents
- Torrents-CSV
- FileMood
- iDope
- BT4G
- PiratesParadise
- snowfl
- Torlock
- YourBittorrent
- BTSearch
- 0Mag, 2 - Magnet Link Sharing Platform
- Magnetissimo - Magnet Search Web App
- TorrentSearchRobot or TorrentHuntBot - Telegram Torrent Search Bots
- Torrentinim or BitMagnet - Self-Hosted Torrent Search Engines
▷ Video Sites
▷ Anime Sites
▷ Educational Sites
▷ Game Sites
▷ Audio Sites
► Torrent Clients
Warning - Make sure you BIND your VPN to your client to avoid ISP letters.
- ⭐ qBittorrent or QBT Enhanced - Tools
- ⭐ Deluge - Plugins / Config / Telegram Plugin
- ⭐ Transmission
- torrent-control or Remote Torrent Adder - Easily Send Torrents to Client
- Tixati
- WizTorrent / Torrent Player / WebShare
- BiglyBT
- LIII
- PikaTorrent / GitHub
- Distribyted / GitHub
- Instant.io - Stream Torrents in Browser
- BTorrent - Stream Torrents in Browser
- Magnet Player - Stream Torrents in Browser
- BitFord - Chrome
- Rats Search - Torrent Search Client
- Download Torrents Through I2P
- flood - rTorrent, Transmission & qBittorrent WebUI / GitHub
- /r/Seedboxes - Seedbox Subreddit
- Seedbox Guide - Seedbox Comparisons
▷ qBittorrent Tools
- 🌐 QBT Plugins - Plugins Index
- 🌐 QBT Themes - Themes Index
- qBitMF - Multi-Connection Tool
- VueTorrent - Web Client
- rqBit - Rust Client
- qBit Manage - Manager / Automation Tool
- qBitController - Mobile Controllers
- Docker QBT or QBT VPN - Docker Builds
- QBT Mega - Mega Upload Script
- QBT Google Drive - Google Drive Upload Script
- Dark Theme or iOS Style - QBT Themes
- qBitEndpoints - API Endpoints
- Quantum - Auto Port Updater for Proton
▷ Remote Torrenting
- ↪️ Torrent to Google Drive
- ⭐ Seedr - Telegram Bot / API Wrapper, 2 - Torrent to Cloud and Stream
- webtor - Torrent to Stream / DDL Sites
- Multi-Up - Torrent to DDL Sites
- Bitport - Torrent to Cloud and Stream
- TorrentSafe - Torrent to Cloud and Stream
- BitPlay - Torrent to Stream
- TorBox - Torrent to Cloud
- ZBIGZ - Torrent to Cloud and Stream
- Demagnetize - Torrent to DDL
▷ Android Clients
► Tracker Invites
- 🌐 Private Trackers General, /r/TrackersInfo, The Sheet or Graph - Private Tracker Guides
- 🌐 Scene Related - Warez / Scene Site Index
- ⭐ TrackerStatus or TrackerHub - Tracker Status Updates
- /r/trackers - Tracker Discussion
- /r/OpenSignups or /r/OpenedSignups - Open Tracker Signup Subs
- MyAnonaMouse - Open Applications
- hdvinnie - Private Tracker List
- OpenSignups - Open Signups Private Trackers / Telegram
- Upload-Assistant - Private Tracker Auto-Upload
- TrackerScreenshot - Auto Screenshot Tracker Stats
► Helpful Sites / Apps
- 🌐 ngosang / 2 / 3, trackerslist / GitHub or NewTrackOn - Tracker Lists
- ↪️ Auto Torrent Tools
- ⭐ Milkie / Discord or Scnlog - Scene Release Download
- ⭐ PreDB.net / Site List, PreDataBA, Xrel, NGP, Archiv.pw, srrDB or M2V - Scene Release Info
- ⭐ T2M / 2, btsow or Torrent Kitty / 2 / 3 - Torrent to Magnet Converters
- ⭐ Magnet2Torrent - Magnet to Torrent Converter
- ⭐ Torrent Legality - Torrenting Laws by Country
- PeerBanHelper - Block Unwanted Leeches / Peers
- btcache, iTorrents or Torrage - Torrent Storage Cache
- InfoTorrent or Webtorrent Checker - Check Torrent File Health
- TorrentTags - Check Torrents for Copyright Claims
- Magnet Link Generator - Magnet Link Generator
- magnet2list - Convert Magnets to Tracker Lists
- OpenWebTorrent - Free Webtorrent Tracker
- AutoDL-Irssi - IRC Channel Monitor / Autodownload / Slack Notifications
- PrivTracker - Private BitTorrent Tracker Generator / GitHub
- AnonSeed - Anonymous Torrent Sharing
- Torrent-Creator - Browser Torrent Creator
- Torrent Parts or Torrent File Editor - Edit Torrents Files
- /r/torrents or /r/VPNTorrents - Torrenting Discussion
- IKnowWhatYouDownload - View Torrents Downloaded by your IP (can be inaccurate)
-
@ 3d073b19:4ae60f39
2025-05-11 23:52:28Headings
Heading 1
Heading 2
Heading 3
Heading 4
Heading 5
Heading 6
Lists
Unordered List
- Item 1
- Item 2
- Subitem 2.1
- Subitem 2.2
Ordered List
- First item
- Second item
- Third item
Mixed List
-
Item 1
-
Item 2
-
Item 3
Links
OpenAI - A link to OpenAI's website. Markdown Guide - A comprehensive guide to Markdown syntax.
Images
- An example image with a title.
Blockquotes
This is a blockquote. It can span multiple lines. It is often used to highlight important information or quotes.
Code
Inline Code
Here is some
inline code
that demonstrates how to format code within a sentence.Code Block
```python
This is a Python code block
def hello_world(): print("Hello, world!") ```
Emphasis
Bold
This text is bold. This text is also bold.
Italic
This text is italic. This text is also italic.
Strikethrough
~~This text is strikethrough.~~
-
@ a9434ee1:d5c885be
2025-05-11 21:04:08Colors as a fun and useful identifier
Nostr apps often use totally random colors for their default avatars, profiles names in chat bubbles, etc... That's a missed opportunity. Why don't we just we just derive a color from the npub and use that instead, interoperably across apps?
It gives us a fun and visual extra point of recognition, often without having to add anything extra to the UIs.
The only problem is that we cannot just allow for any color. The colors should be readable as text in Light and Dark modes and gray-scales should be avoided too.
This is the goal:
Luckily, there's a super simple solution.
(which was used to derive the color above)Deriving the Colors
You can find the simple spec here: nostr: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
TLDR: 1. Convert HEX pubkey to Int 2. Calculate the Hue value: Int % 356 3. Set Saturation to 0.92 for Hues between 216 and 273, use 0.72 for the rest 4. Set Brightness to 0.56 for Hues between 32 and 212, use 0.72 for the rest
Convert HSB color to whatever format you need. Done.
Easy & Fun to integrate!
-
@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b
2025-05-11 18:37:13Apstrakt
Kriptovalute (engl. "cryptocurrency") su digitalne (virtualne) valute, koje iako su sredstvo razmene, još uvek nisu strogo regulisane zakonom u većini država, a u pojedinim su čak i zabranjene. Veliki broj ljudi, uključujući i IT stručnjake i programere ne znaju mnogo o ovoj temi, a šira javnost izjednačava pojmove blokčejna i bitkoina. Tržište kriptovaluta danas iznosi gotovo 770 milijardi dolara. Od pojave prvih digitalnih valuta do danas, nastalo je preko 1.300 aktivnih kriptovaluta koje se razlikuju prema svojim svojstvima i upotrebi. Pre bitkoina bilo je mnoštvo neuspelih pokušaja stvaranja digitalnih valuta (digikeš, heškeš, Fejsbuk kredit i dr.). Utopistička ideja da matematika i fizika mogu rešiti društvene probleme započela je svoj život kroz pojavu bitkoina. Genijalna ideja po kojoj funkcioniše bitkoin zasnovana je na tehnologiji blokčejna, čiji kapacitet doseže daleko iznad kripto valuta. Iako se još uvek vode polemike ko stoji iza pseudonima Satoši Nakamoto, njegova zaostavština ima potencijal da promeni svet. Uspeh bitkoina leži u prednostima koje ima u odnosu na druge slične valute, ali njegov značaj prevazilazi i pogodnosti koje je doneo. Banke nisu potrebne za čuvanje podataka o novcu, evidenciju o imovini i svakoj transakciji bitkoina čuvaju računari svih korisnika mreže u zajedničkoj bazi podataka blokčejnu. Sve transakcije su mnogo brže od bankarskih, bez taksi, uz drastično lakše plaćanje preko državnih granica. Bitkoin svojim korisnicima pruža bezbednosti bez identifikacije, iako blokčejn beleži transakciju, ne beleži ko stoji iza nje. U radu su predstavljeni osnovni principi na kojima su zasnovani bitkoin i druge kriptovalute, pojašnjen odnos između blokčejna i bitkoina.
1 UVOD
Ideal o novcu koji se ne oslanja na centralne institucije (koje mogu propasti, ali i koje vrše nadzor nad korisnicima), postojao je decenijama. U digitalnom svetu prvi ga je uobličio pisac naučne fantastike Nil Stivenson 1999. godine u svojoj noveli Kriptonomikon. On je opisao podzemni svet koji funkcioniše zahvaljujući digitalnom zlatu zasnovanom na kriptografiji, pri čijoj upotrebi korisnici ne moraju odavati ko su i šta su (Popper, 2016).
Kriptovalute (engl. cryptocurrency) su digitalne (virtualne) valute, koje iako su sredstvo razmene, još uvek nisu strogo regulisane zakonom u većini država, a u pojedinim su čak i zabranjene (Jovanović, 2014).
Da bi se razumeo nastanak i funkcionisanje kriptovaluta, neophodno je sagledati ih iz različitih uglova na kojima su one bazirane: matematici, sociologiji, ekonomiji, pravu i politici. To je verovatno i glavni razlog zbog koga veliki broj ljudi (uključujući i IT stručnjake i programere) ne znaju mnogo o ovoj temi. Takođe, šira javnost izjednačava pojmove blokčejna i bitkoina.
Sve kriptovalute su bazirane na jedinstvenom nizu brojeva za svaku jedinicu valute, koje korisnici mogu jedni drugima slati preko mreže. U prošlosti su se ti nizovi mogli lako kopirati i trošiti više puta, zbog čega nisu imali vrednost. Kriptograf Dejvid Čaum je taj problem rešio stvaranjem jedinstvene centralizovane knjige, u kojoj su se čuvale beleške o transakcijama svakog korisnika, čime ni jedna jedinica valute više nije mogla da se nalazi na dva mesta istovremeno (Bertlet, 2016).
Kriptovalute svoj nastanak duguju težnjama levo orijentisanih utopističkih posvećenika IT tehnologija koji su sanjali o univerzalnom novcu koji bi svako mogao da poseduje i troši, čija je vrednost onolika koliko su korisnici voljni da plate (na principu ponude i potražnje), ali pre svega na liniji fronta za onlajn anonimnost i slobodu, bez cenzure i nadzora. Pojavi bitkoina prethodio je Sajberpankerski manifest Done Haravej (Haraway, 1985) koji počinje rečima: „U elektronsko doba, privatnost je neophodan uslov za postojanje otvorenog društva“.
Kriptovalute su univerzalni novac koji se može koristiiti bilo gde u svetu, one su lako prenosive i teško se krivotvore.
Neki podaci pokazuju da tržište kriptovaluta danas iznosi gotovo 770 milijardi dolara. Od pojave prvih digitalnih valuta do danas, nastalo je preko 1.300 aktivnih kriptovaluta koje se razlikuju prema svojim svojstvima i upotrebi.
Prema odredbama Zakona o Narodnoj banci Srbije celokupni unutrašnji promet u Republici Srbiji izražava se u dinarima, osim ako nekim zakonom nije drukčije određeno. „Zakonom o platnom prometu propisano je da se poslovi platnog prometa obavljaju u dinarima, a Zakonom o deviznom poslovanju da se plaćanje, naplaćivanje i prenos između rezidenata i između rezidenata i nerezidenata u Republici Srbiji vrši u dinarima, a izuzetno se može vršiti i u devizama u slučajevima koji su propisani ovim zakonom“ (NBS, 2014).
Tržište kriptovaluta u Srbiji postoji, sve je veći broj rudara. Iako trgovanje kriptovalutama nije nelegalno, Narodna Banka Srbije - NBS je u više saopštenja navela da one ne predstavljaju zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja u Republici Srbiji. Takođe, zbog toga što ih ne izdaje centralna banka, NBS za korišćenje virtuelnih valuta, ulaganje u njih, kao ni za njihovu vrednost. Narodna banka Srbije je više puta upozoravala javnost da virtuelne valute ne predstavljaju zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja u Republici Srbiji (NBS, Politika – u vezi s bitkoinom, 2017).
Ukoliko kriptovalute promatramo kao novac onda njihove tranksakcije mogu biti upitne shodno Zakonu o sprečavanju pranja novca i finansiranja terorizma, gde je propisana obaveza preduzimanja radnji i mera za sprečavanje pranja novca, kao što su identifikacija stranaka koje trguju preko tih platformi, uzimanjem kopije ličnog dokumenta. Kako poslovanje platformi na kojima se vrše transakcije kriptovalutama nije zakonom regulisano u Republici Srbiji, a uglavnom ni u uporednom pravu, a čl. 552. Zakona o obligacionim odnosima Republike Srbije ((„Sl. list SFRJ“, br. 29/78, 39/85, 45/89 - odluka USJ i 57/89, „Sl. list SRJ“, br. 31/93 i „Sl. list SCG“, br. 1/2003 - Ustavna povelja) predviđa razmenu robe kao jedan od načina trgovine, otvara se put ka legalnoj trgovini kriptovalutama (Bubanja, 2017).
Praksa je pokazala da su se korisnici kriptovaluta kada su imali problem sa njima, obraćali vlastima i njihovim regulatornim telima, zbog čijeg su zaobilaženja i smišljeni. Nažalost, korisnici ne uživaju pravnu zaštitu čak i kada je reč o trgovini putem registrovanih privrednih subjekta.
2 BITKOIN
Prva decentralizovana kriptovaluta koja se pojavila je bitkoin (eng. „Bitcoin“). Termin bitkoin označava istoimenu organizaciju, softver i protokol, kao i jedinicu mere ove kriptovalute (skraćeno BTC) (Bertlet, 2016). Koncept na kome se zasniva bitkoin prvi put je predstavljen 2008. godine u članku "Bitcoin: A Peerto-Peer Electronic Cash System", a u januaru 2009. godine bitkoin je pušten u promet. Njegov tvorac nije poznat do danas i krije se iza pseudonima Satoši Nakomato. Novu vrstu digitalne kriptovalute formirao je tako što je stvorio distribuirani sistem verifikacije. Bitkoin nastaje u procesu koji se naziva „rudarenje“ (engl. mining). Njegova jedinstvenost je u tome što je decentralizovana valuta, iza koje ne stoji nijedna država, niti banka. Bitkoin je digitalna valuta, koja nastaje i čuva se elektronski. Kriptovalute u cilju maksimizacije bezbednosti, upotrebljavaju metod - dokaz o radu (engl. proofof-work), metod baziran na informacijama koje je teško stvoriti, ali koje ostalim učesnicima u rudarenju obezbeđuju laku proveru i verifikaciju transakcija.
Kriptovalute se čuvaju na bitkoin adresama za koje ključ predstavlja jedinstven niz slova i brojeva. Svaka transkacija bitkoinom se beleži u blokovima koji se zovu blokčejn. Transakcije se hronološki ređaju u blokove, u svakom se nalazi digitalni potpis prethodnog bloka, time se uređuje redosled i garantuje da novi blok može da se pridruži lancu samo ako počne na mestu na mestu završetka prethodnog. Jedan od osnovnih činilaca bezbednosti bitkoina je da se kopija svake izvedene transakcije beleži na svakom nalogu na kome je instaliran bitkoin softver. Blokčejnove neprekidno verifikuju računari svih korisnika softvera, tako sistem zna u bilo kom trenutku, koliko bitkoina svaki korisnik u svom novčaniku poseduje. Novčanik je program koji služi za slanje, primanje i skladištenje kriptovaluta. Digitalni novčanik sadrži prikaz količine kriptovalute koju korisnik poseduje, zapise o svim njegovim transakcijama, korisnički tajni ključ i njegove adrese (Bertlet, 2016). Novčanik je moguće instalirati na računar, mobilni telefon i tablet.
Falsifikovanje bitkoina nije moguće, jer iako vlasništvo može da se menja ono se ne može nikada duplirati (Bertlet, 2016). On je pseudoanoniman, bitkoin mreža čuva sve podatke o svakoj transakciji koja se dogodila unutar mreže. Svako ko ima bitkoin softver i adresu na bitkoin mreži, može videti koliko novca ima na mreži, ali ne i kome oni pripadaju. Za razliku od otvaranja računa u bankama, otvaranje bitkoin računa (adrese) je brzo, bez troškova i „papirologije“. Jedna od glavnih prednosti bitkoin mreže je brzina transakcija.
Svako ko snagu svog računara posveti verifikaciji transakcija u blokčejnu može biti „rudar“. To je proces dodavanja transkacija u registar svih bitkoin transkacija. Rudarenje čini rešavanje matematičkog algoritma za čije se uspešno rešavanje dobija određena količina bitkoina.
Iako bitkoin ima reputaciju nestabilnosti, velikih fluktuacija i nezakonitog poslovanja, čemu mnogi pridodaju i urušavanje tradicionalnog koncepta nacionalnih država, ipak većina se slaže u tome da je njegova pojava najvažnija nova ideja od stvaranja Interneta (Vigna & Casey, 2016).
Razloga za uspeh bitkoina ima više. Finansijska kriza povoljno je uticala na njegov razvoj, poverenje u postojeći finansijski ali i politički sistem je bilo poljuljano i brojni korisnici su u njemu prepoznali drugačije rešenje.
Anonimnost koju pruža prilikom transakcija jedan je od ključnih razloga njegovog uspeha. Prilikom digitalnog plaćanja bitkoinom u većini slučajeva nije potrebno davanje ličnih podataka. Ovakva vrsta anonimnosti, nažalost pogodovala je i usponu tamne strane upotrebe i popularnosti bitkoina u kriminalnim krugovima.
Računi u bitkoinu nisu opterećeni visokim bankarskim dažbinama.
Takođe, nije beznačajan ni potencijal plaćanja izdataka koji su manji od trenutnih ograničenja u konvencijalnim transakcijama na internetu (npr. naplata čitanja jednog novinskog članka ili preskoči reklamu, koji koštaju manje od 20 ili 30 centi kolika je najmanja transakcija) (Popper, 2016).
Kao što su svi učesnici na internetu povezani protokolima (TCP/IP, FTP, SMTP, HTTP i dr.) zahvaljujući kojima mogu međusobno da komuniciraju, bitkoin je stvorio svoje softverske protokole koji uređuju funkcionalna pravila upravljanja sistemom.
Bitkoin je omogućio novi način stvaranja, čuvanja i transfera novca.
Od svog nastanka bitkoin se unapređivao, podržan od internet zajednice, posebno od posvećenika slobodi interneta i anonimosti, mnogi od problema koji su uočeni su rešavani zajedničkim naporom internet zajednice.
3 BLOKČEJN
Blokčejn (engl. blockchain) nije samo bitkoin, on je tehnologija za koju mnogi predviđaju da će promeni svet (OECD, 2018).
Ukoliko bismo pojednostavljeno opisivali blokčejn mogli bismo da kažemo da je to nova vrsta baze podataka, iako bi to bilo pojednostavljeno objašnjenje slično kao kada bi smo imejl (email) opisali kao novi način za slanje pisama.
Iako blokčejn jeste nova vrsta baze podatka, to ne objašnjava u dovoljnoj meri genijalnost načina na koji funkcioniše.
Kada bilo gde i bilo kada položimo novac, oslanjamo se na zapis u bazi podataka treće strane, banke, firme i sl. Poverenje u banke zasnovano je na zakonu koji reguliše rad banke, poverenju u državu da će u slučaju propasti banke država nadoknaditi klijentima njihov ulog.
Kada plaćamo on line usluge ili vršimo neku drugu transakciju kreditnim karticama, poklanjamo poverenje kompanijama koje posreduju u našem plaćanju (Mastercard, VISA i dr.) koje za to uzimaju određenu materijalnu nadoknadu. Čak i prilikom tradicionalnih oblika plaćanja gotovinom u papirnom novcu, mi dajemo papir na kome je ispisana vrednost za koju prodavac veruje da će mu biti isplaćena (ili garantovana) od strane vlade koja ju je štampala. Digitalno plaćanje zbog prisustva trećih strana (banke, kreditne kompanije i dr.) uvek je bilo moguće pratiti. I kod plaćanja gotovinom klijenti veruju bankama i kreditnim kompanijama koje rukovode platnim karticama, da imaju pouzdane baze podataka. I vlade država veruju da banke i kreditne kompanije vode baze podataka koje su tačne i pouzdane.
Baze podataka sadrže mnoštvo ličnih podataka, od npr. medicinske dokumentacije u domu zdravlja koja sadrži važne informacije o nama i našem zdravstvenom stanju, kada smo i od koje bolesti bolovali, koje lekove smo koristili i sl. I druge baze podataka sadrže mnoštvo naših ličnih podataka koje su važne ne samo za nas, već i za državu, grad, privredu, druge građane itd.
Osim što omogućava anonimne i sigurne transakcije, blokčejn ima i potencijal da sačuva sve vredne informacije, od podataka o rođenim i umrlim, preko osiguranja, do katastara nepokretnosti, pa čak i glasova (Tapscott, 2018).
Sagledavši mogućnosti koji blokčejn nudi u transformaciji industrija i tržišta, povećanju transparentnosti i poverenja između građana, kao i olakšanom pristupu tržištu (uz bolju efikasnost transakcija), ali i rizicima koje sa sobom nosi, Organizacija za ekonomsku saradnju i razvoj - OECD organizovala je od 4. do 5. septembra 2018. godine Forum politike OECD-a za blokčejn. To je bila ujedno i prva glavna međunarodna konferencija na kojoj se razmatrao uticaj blokčejna na aktivnosti vlada i javnih prioriteta. Forum se bavio prednostima i rizicima blokčejna za ekonomiju i društvo, pokušajem određivanja adekvatnog regulatornog pristupa, kao i javnih politika prema blokčejnu.
Učesnici Foruma su diskutovali o mogućnostima globalnog ekonomskog uticaja blokčejna, njegovim implikacijama na privatnost i sajber bezbednost, upotrebi blokčejn tehnologija za povećanje inkluzivnosti, njegovoj upotrebi u promovisanju zelenog rasta i održivosti, kao i jačanju kapaciteta javne uprava i primene u praksi (OECD, 2018).
4 ZAKLJUČAK
Pre bitkoina bilo je mnoštvo neuspelih pokušaja stvaranja digitalnih valuta (digikeš, heškeš, Fejsbuk kredit i dr.). Uspeh bitkoina leži u prednostima koje ima u odnosu na druge slične valute, ali njegov značaj prevazilazi i pogodnosti koje je doneo.
Svaki korisnik bitkoina ima potpunu kontrolu nad novcem na svom računu (adresi), jedino osoba sa privatnim ključem može pristupiti bitkoinima na toj adresi. Banke nisu potrebne za čuvanje podataka o novcu, evidenciju o imovini i svakoj transakciji bitkoina čuvaju računari svih korisnika mreže u zajedničkoj bazi podataka blokčejnu. Sve transakcije su mnogo brže od bankarskih, bez taksi, uz drastično lakše plaćanje preko državnih granica.
Bitkoin svojim korisnicima pruža bezbednosti bez identifikacije, iako blokčejn beleži transakciju, ne beleži ko stoji iza nje. Zahvaljujući peer-to-peer komunikaciji i kriptografiji, povezivanje bitkoin transakcija sa osobom u stvarnom životu je veoma teško. To je u ujedno možda i njegova najveća mana, jer su oporezivanje i nadzor nad korisnicima krajnje teški.
Garancija vrednosti bitkoina osmišljena je po uzoru na plamenite metale kojih ima ograničeno u prirodi. Zbog toga je Satoši u kodu bitkoina odredio da ih ima maksimalno 21 milion, te da ukoliko bitkoin protokol ostane isti, poslednji bitkoin će biti izrudaren 2140. godine.
Do sada je izrudareno oko 17 miliona bitkoina, što znači da je ostalo 4 miliona, ili oko 19%. Do sada je bitkoin uspeo da prevlada sve krize koje su ga zahvatile (u više slučajeva nestajali su iznosi koji su dostizali i 400 miliona dolara). Kakva god sudbina bitkoina bila u budućnosti, njegova uloga se neće moći zanemariti, prvenstveno zbog toga što je zahvaljujući njemu iznedren blokčejn. Bez obzira na skepticima u vezi sa kriptovalutama, teško se mogu osporiti mogućnosti koje blokčejn pruža, pre svega u zaštiti baza podatka.
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@ 95543309:196c540e
2025-05-11 12:42:09Lets see if this works with the blossom upload and without markdown hassle.
:cat:
https://blossom.primal.net/73a099f931366732c18dd60da82db6ef65bb368eb96756f07d9fa7a8a3644009.mp4
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@ 119356ac:740a8b90
2025-05-14 23:00:04► Download Directories
- Note - Some Open Directories track IP addresses. Always use a VPN or Tor for anonymity when accessing these resources.
- 🌐 /r/opendirectories - Open Directories Subreddit / Telegram / /u/ODScanner
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► Download Sites
- Note - General DDL sites use a lot of different sources, so it's best to avoid them for anything you install, like software, games or APKs. You can also use redirect bypassers to skip link shorteners.
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▷ Search Sites
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► Usenet
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@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b
2025-05-11 11:20:40警惕:那些“帮你”保管密钥的人
—— 多签钱包中的隐形风险与逻辑陷阱
“我们可以帮您设置一个更安全的钱包。” 这句话,听上去就像是关心,其实却可能是一次有预谋的接管。
摘要
多签钱包被广泛视为提升数字资产安全性的“进阶方案”,尤其适用于不希望将所有信任寄托于单一点故障(如一把私钥)的人群。然而,在这些看似“民主化”、“抗单点失败”的技术结构背后,仍潜藏着极为隐秘且被低估的风险。
本文聚焦两类常见却高度隐蔽的逻辑攻击模型:
- 替换 xpub 并接管下一层级地址生成;
- 伪造
k-of-n
多签结构,在形式上给予用户参与感,实则实现单人提款。
在未引入 Taproot 的传统多签结构下,这类攻击已能轻易完成。而即便在 Taproot 和 MuSig2 合约模型下,攻击者也可以借助合成结构进一步隐藏其篡改行为。
本报告不仅梳理攻击逻辑,更强调“人性中的信任误区”——攻击者不需要主动索取密钥,只需要维持友善形象,自会有用户主动递交钥匙。更令人警惕的是,在某些极端场景下,这类“被信任的服务商”甚至可能向受害者收取“保管密钥”的费用后再实施盗窃,形成双重获利。
Taproot 虽然在结构上增强了隐私与复杂性,但也使验证逻辑失去了可直观还原的优势。随着时间推移、服务厂商退出市场乃至私有恢复流程被锁死,用户极可能落入无法恢复的“密钥黑箱”中。
阅读本文,希望你能意识到:
真正的安全,从不是托付给别人帮你“多签”,而是你真正理解你签了什么、和谁签的、签名之后将通往哪一个脚本。
多签钱包的逻辑攻击向量分析
以 xpub 替换与伪造 k-of-n 结构为例
攻击模型一:替换 xpub 实现地址劫持
场景设定
攻击者假扮为友好的钱包初始化服务者,主动提出“免费帮你生成一个更安全的多签钱包”。表面上,他为你设置了标准的 HD 多签结构,实际上却在关键的派生路径中,悄悄将本应由你或另一个可信方持有的 xpub 替换为他自己的。
在 HD 钱包结构(例如 BIP45、BIP67)中,用户通常无法直观验证每一个新地址是否仍属于原来的签名组。这种设计让“看上去很安全”的地址,可能早已成为攻击者可完全支配的提款口袋。
攻击结构(逻辑表示)
- 假设多签参与者为
P1, P2, P3
- 攻击者控制伪造者身份
P1'
,实际替代掉用户的P1
- 地址生成函数为:
Addr = f(xpub(P1'), xpub(P2), xpub(P3))
- 用户未验证 xpub 时,成立:
∃ Addr_i ∈ wallet, spendable_by(attacker)
换言之,钱包中的某些地址虽然看起来正常,但已可被攻击者花费。
人性陷阱提示
用户往往不认为“地址生成这件事”是需要人工检查的,特别是在使用 Ledger、Trezor 等硬件钱包时形成了“签名即安全”的错觉。而攻击者只需一次替换,就能悄悄监视整个钱包生命周期。
更重要的是,攻击者不需要向你“索取密钥”,他只需维持友善、专业甚至略带“为你好”的姿态。在 100 个用户中,总会有一部分人,在受到“信任感”与“他人看起来更专业”的影响下,主动提出将某个密钥托管给对方,甚至支付一定“密钥保管费”作为安全保障。这类行为并非愚蠢,而是人性的一部分。
这种松懈与依赖,背后深植着心理学上著名的「责任分散效应(diffusion of responsibility)」。当责任从“自己一人持有私钥”转变为“我们多人共同掌控”时,大脑会自动削弱“必须百分百保护密钥”的紧迫感;一旦密钥有三份或五份,人就会默认“即使我丢了一份也无所谓”,由此降低警惕,弱化加密习惯的执行力度。
尤其是在多签结构下,密钥不再是“唯一真理”。你开始认为:“我只是 n-of-m 的一员”,进而产生 安全责任稀释(safety dilution)。举个例子:如果你的 seed words 是唯一的,你很可能将其写在一张专用纸上,藏入防火袋,存放于密封保险箱中;但一旦你拥有的是 3-of-5 多签中的一份,你可能就只是把它存在 Evernote、存图于手机相册,或者发给自己 Telegram 备份——并自我安慰说:“这只是其中一把钥匙,又不怕。”
这正是攻击者渗透的最佳入口。他无需破解密码学算法,仅凭理解人性中的懒惰、依赖与责任下沉机制,就足以发起极具杀伤力的社会工程攻击。
提醒:没有人例外。你的安全不是由数学公式决定,而是由你是否对它持续保持敬畏与冷静判断所决定的。
Taproot 下的隐蔽性升级
在 Taproot + MuSig2 合约结构中:
- 合成公钥如:
P = H(P1 + P2 + P3)
- 用户无法从地址推导出其组成
- 所有 pubkey 被掩盖,无任何可读性结构泄露
结果:攻击者替换某个 xpub 之后,哪怕是资深用户,也无法通过比对地址结构来发现任何异常。
攻击模型二:伪造 k-of-n 多签脚本结构
场景设定
攻击者承诺为你部署一个“非常安全”的
2-of-3
多签钱包。然而他实际创建的却是一个1-of-3
结构,并诱导你保留或交出其中一个密钥。用户一旦信任其脚本不可见性(或 UI 模糊性),资金注入该地址之后,攻击者即可单独提款。
攻击结构(逻辑描述)
- 正确脚本应为:
OP_2 <pk1> <pk2> <pk3> OP_3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG
- 实际被构造为:
OP_1 <pk1> <pk2> <pk3> OP_3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG
- 用户错误地相信:
user_believes(k=2) ∧ attacker_has(sk1) → safe
- 但实际上:
real_k = 1 ∧ attacker_has(sk1) → attacker_can_spend
成立条件
- 用户未能验证 redeem script
- 钱包界面(UI 或 PSBT)未明确标识 k 值与脚本结构
- 攻击者拥有脚本定义权,或 UI 权限
人性陷阱提示
这类攻击往往并非“高技术”,而是利用用户对脚本结构的无感。尤其是当攻击者扮演“技术专家”时,用户往往不具备审查 redeem script 的能力或意识。攻击者甚至可以用“给你设置一个冷备密钥”作为幌子,骗取部分 key,并收取额外费用。
多签攻击模型对比分析(无表格)
- 攻击类型一:xpub 替换
- 本质:公钥注入
- 隐蔽性:极高(生成地址完全正常)
- 关键条件:用户未验证每个 xpub
-
Taproot 是否能规避:否,反而更难发现
-
攻击类型二:伪造 k-of-n
- 本质:脚本结构欺骗
- 隐蔽性:中等(需查看 redeem script 才能识别)
- 关键条件:用户不懂脚本,UI 不展示结构
- Taproot 是否能规避:否,合约结构反而隐藏了更多细节
安全建议(基于当前攻击模型)
- 强制在 UI 中完整展示所有 xpub、合成地址派生路径与对应签名人列表
- 如 Coldcard 的二维码验证机制
- 用户必须自行保存每个 xpub,并可验证任一地址确实源自该集合派生
- 多签钱包必须提供可见 redeem script 的界面与 k 值校验提示
- 不接受“帮你配置好了”的 UI 黑箱
- Taproot 虽增强隐私,但也加剧验证障碍
- 若使用合签结构,应避免依赖第三方界面进行签名决策
- 始终优先使用硬件钱包本地签名流程,避免通过 Web 或中间服务生成交易
真实案例分析
1. Coldcard 硬件钱包的 xpub 替换漏洞
2021 年,安全研究员 benma 发现 Coldcard 硬件钱包在注册多签钱包时,未验证自身是否为多签钱包的一部分。这使得恶意计算机钱包可以用攻击者控制的 xpub 替换多签 xpub,同时仍通过所有用户验证。所有接收到此多签钱包的币随后可以随时转移到攻击者的钱包。
来源:benma.github.io2. Bybit 交易所的多签钱包被黑事件
2025 年 2 月,Bybit 交易所的多签冷钱包在一次例行转账中被黑,损失约 14.6 亿美元。该钱包使用 2-of-3 多签设置,意味着需要三位授权签名人中的两位批准交易。用户界面显示了合法的目标地址,并且 URL 与受信任的多签提供商 Safe 相关联。但这是一种欺骗。黑客利用硬件钱包中的“盲签名”漏洞,使设备只能显示交易的哈希,从而掩盖了一个更改,使攻击者控制了钱包的智能合约。
来源:certora.com3. Parity 多签钱包漏洞
2017 年,Parity 多签钱包版本 1.5+ 中发现了一个漏洞,允许攻击者窃取超过 150,000 ETH(约 3000 万美元)。攻击者向受影响的合约发送两个交易:第一个获取多签的独占所有权,第二个移动其所有资金。
来源:blog.openzeppelin.com
攻击流程图解
- 建立信任:攻击者以技术专家或受信任的服务提供商身份接近受害者,提出帮助设置多签钱包。
- 替换 xpub:在设置过程中,攻击者用自己控制的 xpub 替换原本应由用户或第三方控制的 xpub。
- 生成地址:攻击者生成看似正常的多签地址,并展示给用户,用户未进行验证。
- 资金注入:用户将资金转入这些地址,认为资金安全。
- 资金转移:攻击者利用控制的私钥,单方面将资金转出,用户无法察觉。
参考文献
结语:
记住,多签并不是让别人“帮你保管密钥”,而是你对每一层结构都心中有数。真正的“抗失误”结构,是你能自己验证它、重建它、拆解它——而不是让某个“专家”说它安全,你就信了。 -
@ 8d34bd24:414be32b
2025-05-11 02:47:03What does it say about us that believers don’t listen as well as unbelievers? Let’s investigate some scripture verses and see what we can discover.
An Object Lesson:
Jesus warned His disciples several times that He would be killed and rise from the dead on the third day. Right after Jesus asked them who they thought He was and Peter replied that He was the Christ (Messiah), Jesus told them what would happen.
From that time Jesus began to show His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem, and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised up on the third day. (Matthew 16:21)
We know the disciples heard and understood what Jesus was saying because Peter immediately rebuked Jesus.
Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him, saying, “God forbid it, Lord! This shall never happen to You.” But He turned and said to Peter, “Get behind Me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to Me; for you are not setting your mind on God’s interests, but man’s.” (Matthew 16:22-23)
You’d think that Peter would have this moment locked in his mind after being rebuked so harshly for questioning Jesus’s prediction of what would happen.
A while later, Jesus again told His disciples what was about to happen.
And while they were gathering together in Galilee, Jesus said to them, “The Son of Man is going to be delivered into the hands of men; and they will kill Him, and He will be raised on the third day.” And they were deeply grieved. (Matthew 17:22-23)
They again heard what was said because they were “deeply grieved.” They didn’t like what they heard.
Then a third time, as they were approaching Jerusalem, He made certain they knew what was coming:
As Jesus was about to go up to Jerusalem, He took the twelve disciples aside by themselves, and on the way He said to them, “Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem; and the Son of Man will be delivered to the chief priests and scribes, and they will condemn Him to death, and will hand Him over to the Gentiles to mock and scourge and crucify Him, and on the third day He will be raised up.” (Matthew 20:17-19)
The disciples should have known that Jesus’s crucifixion and death were not the end. He told them repeatedly that He would die and be raised from the dead on the third day. They should have been diligently waiting with expectation, but instead they immediately hid, gave up, and headed back to their old lives.
His female followers still cared enough to try to prepare Jesus’s body for burial, but even they did not expect Him to rise as He said.
The angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid; for I know that you are looking for Jesus who has been crucified. He is not here, for He has risen, just as He said. Come, see the place where He was lying. Go quickly and tell His disciples that He has risen from the dead; and behold, He is going ahead of you into Galilee, there you will see Him; behold, I have told you.” (Matthew 28:5-7) {emphasis mine}
Even when the woman came and told the disciples that they had seen Jesus as He had said, none believed them, although Peter and John did have a glimmer of hope and went to look for themselves.
In contrast, the Pharisees, the very people who hated Jesus so much that they fought to have Him crucified, remembered Jesus’s statements.
Now on the next day, the day after the preparation, the chief priests and the Pharisees gathered together with Pilate, and said, “Sir, we remember that when He was still alive that deceiver said, ‘After three days I am to rise again.’ Therefore, give orders for the grave to be made secure until the third day, otherwise His disciples may come and steal Him away and say to the people, ‘He has risen from the dead,’ and the last deception will be worse than the first.” Pilate said to them, “You have a guard; go, make it as secure as you know how.” And they went and made the grave secure, and along with the guard they set a seal on the stone. (Matthew 27:62-66) {emphasis mine}
The Pharisees acted in response to Jesus’s claims. The disciples ignored or forgot Jesus’s claims.
KNOW:
How often do we ignore or forget Jesus’s promises? How often do we despair when we should hold tightly to the promises given to us in the Bible? Are there times that our opponents, unbelievers, are better at quoting the Bible back at us than we are at using the Bible to defend the truth and our faith?
but sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence (1 Peter 3:15)
We need to know God’s word so we can “give an account for the hope that is in” us. First we need to read the whole Bible. We can’t know who God is, what He has done, and what He commands for us without knowing God’s word.
After we have gotten the big picture by reading through the Bible once, we need to really get to know it well. This not only includes reading the Bible continually, but also include memorizing key verses, so we can bring them to remembrance when we need them.
Some people can repeat a verse multiple times and just know it. Some of us have trouble memorizing things. We have to go to extraordinary measures to memorize God’s word. Some techniques I have used:
-
WHITEBOARD APPROACH:
-
Write the verse on the white board.
-
Read out loud.
-
Erase one word. (You can underline where the word is if that helps you remember that a word goes there)
-
Read out loud saying verse including missing word.
-
Continue erasing words, one at a time, saying the verse until all of the words are gone.
-
I haven’t used it personally, but Verse Locker was recommended by another substacker and seems to use a similar technique.
-
MUSICAL VERSES:
-
Make up a tune and sing the verse or put the verse to a tune you already know.
-
If you aren’t good at making up songs, there are sites that have verses to songs, but I haven’t used them personally other than a few from Awana years ago.
-
FIRST LETTER:
-
Write down the first letter of each word of the verse you want to memorize This gives hints and helps you not accidentally miss words.
-
I’ve also made a necklace (it was supposed to be a bracelet, but the verse, 1 Peter 3:15 above, I picked was too long) made of beads with the letters of the words of the verse. By wearing it, you have a reminder to memorize and rememorize the verse till it sticks stronger.
-
This is my version of 1 Peter 3:15
-
APPS:
-
There are multiple apps that can help you memorize verses. 5 Best Bible Memory Apps for 2025
We are all different and have different learning styles. Pick the version that works best for you, but be intentional. For so long I wasn’t. Having a child with Down Syndrome in Awana who needed help led me to finding ways to help him and me to memorize the hundreds (or thousands) of verses that are required to finish the program. Keep in mind that you need to keep reviewing them or the memories will fade. The more times you memorize the verse, the longer it will stick with you. You just never know when you will need a Scripture verse and you may not have your Bible or phone (with Bible app) handy.
APPLY:
Knowing the Bible is critical for the Christian life, but knowing the Bible and God’s commands is not enough. We have to live according to this knowledge. We have to apply it in our lives. It needs to change the way we view the world and change the way we live our lives and interact with others.
for it is not the hearers of the Law who are just before God, but the doers of the Law will be justified. (Romans 2:13) {emphasis mine}
Our faith needs to be exhibited through action.
But someone may well say, “You have faith and I have works; show me your faith without the works, and I will show you my faith by my works.” (James 2:18) {emphasis mine}
There is nothing we need to do to be saved besides believe, but if we have saving faith, we should desire God’s word like the author of Psalm 119. Our lives should also change to be conformed to Jesus.
And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may prove what the will of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. (Romans 12:12) {emphasis mine}
There must be works as evidence of our faith.
You believe that God is one. You do well; the demons also believe, and shudder. But are you willing to recognize, you foolish fellow, that faith without works is useless? Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered up Isaac his son on the altar? You see that faith was working with his works, and as a result of the works, faith was perfected; (James 2:19-22) {emphasis mine}
The disciples heard Jesus tell them what was going to happen to Him. They knew what He had said because they reacted to it negatively. The problem was they didn’t believe it and didn’t live according to Jesus’s plain words. As important as it is to read and understand the Bible, none of that matters if we don’t believe it and live it.
But I Can’t Do It Myself:
Jesus knew that we could not know and do what we were commanded to know and do, at least not in our own power.
Then He opened their minds to understand the Scriptures, and He said to them, “Thus it is written, that the Christ would suffer and rise again from the dead the third day, and that repentance for forgiveness of sins would be proclaimed in His name to all the nations, beginning from Jerusalem. You are witnesses of these things. And behold, I am sending forth the promise of My Father upon you; but you are to stay in the city until you are clothed with power from on high.” (Luke 24:45-49)
Jesus not only sent the disciples (and all believers) out into the world to tell of what He has done for us, but He told the disciples to “stay in the city until you are clothed with power from on high.” Jesus told them to wait until they had received the Holy Spirit to guide and empower them in the work He had designed them to complete. We also have the Holy Spirit to change our hearts and minds, so we can fulfill the commandments and plans He has for us.
I’m sorry if this post had a little too much overlap with my last post, but knowing God’s word has become a passion of mine and it is where I felt led to go.
May the God of Heaven give you a hunger for His word, help you to understand His word, believe His word, and live His word. May your understanding of the word of God guide you in everything you think, speak, and do. May you never doubt God’s word or discount God’s word because it isn’t according to your preference. God bless you and keep you.
Trust Jesus.
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@ c9badfea:610f861a
2025-05-11 01:12:30- Install Helio (it's free and open source)
- Download SoundFont files from various sources (see links below)
- Launch the app and follow these steps to import SoundFonts:
- Tap Studio in the top bar, then select Orchestra Pit
- Tap Scan Common Plugin Folders, select SoundFont Player from the plugins found
- Tap SoundFont Player in the top bar, then Create New Instrument
- Select the new SoundFont Player instrument
- Tap SoundFont Player in the top bar, then Show UI
- Tap the folder icon and choose a downloaded SoundFont file
- Rename the instrument by tapping the first SoundFont Player in the top bar, then Rename
- Tap Studio twice in the top bar, then Start A New Project
- Choose a file location for the project and Save
- Tap Track 1, choose Set Instrument, and select an instrument
- Double-tap in the arranger to add a new note
- Explore the interface and start composing
Some SoundFont Sources
ℹ️ The Helio interface is unique and may require some time to get accustomed to
ℹ️ A SoundFont file (
.sf2
) contains a collection of audio samples -
@ c9badfea:610f861a
2025-05-10 23:17:06- Install EtchDroid (it's free and open source)
- Launch the app, then tap What's Supported? to check compatibility with devices and disk images
- Insert the USB drive
- Tap Write An Image, then select the desired image file
- Tap Grant Access, confirm, and then tap Write image
- Optionally, allow notifications to be notified when the process is complete
- Your bootable USB drive is now ready
⚠️ This app has telemetry enabled by default. Make sure to turn it off in the app menu. If you trust F-Droid, you can get a telemetry-free version from there
⚠️ Avoid moving the phone during the image writing process
-
@ 9063ef6b:fd1e9a09
2025-05-10 20:05:28🎯 Goal
You want to: - Offer a self-hosted Zap address using your own domain - Forward payments to your Zeus Wallet (via Olympus LSP) - Combine NIP-05 and Lightning (Zaps) under one identifier
Important: - This setup enables receiving Zaps only. - Sending Zaps still requires the built-in Lightning wallet of the Nostr client.
🧩 Components Used in This Example
| Component | Function | |--------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------| | GitHub Pages | Hosts your
.well-known
files | | Zeus Wallet (Olympus)| Receives the payments (Zaps) | | LNURL-Pay JSON | Forwards Zap requests tozeuspay.com
| | NIP-05 Identifier | Your public Nostr identity address | | lud16 (Lightning) | Same address as NIP-05 for Lightning Zap receiving |The following article describes the precondition of creating a nip-05 with custom domain:
nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpyrraa4eymelf5xndvxcwxvvs8p7qxluxy0zvrk9rxmlat73axsfqq2nxw24wge47s2ydet4ykjlxfgyc62223y5xtdzydu
📁 GitHub Folder Structure
The GitHub folder structure must look like this. You extend the existing NIP-05 setup by adding a folder
lnurlp
with one file:.well-known/ ├── nostr.json # For NIP-05 └── lnurlp/ └── petermuster* # For LNURL-Zap
*For example, if your Lightning address is
petermuster@zeuspay.com
, name the filepetermuster
(no file extension is needed).
📄 Content of
.well-known/lnurlp/petermuster
Open the terminal on your linux/mac and run:
bash curl https://zeuspay.com/.well-known/lnurlp/petermuster
Copy the result into a text editor, clean it up and save it into a file named
petermuster
with this format:json { "callback": "https://zeuspay.com/api/lnurl/pay/petermuster", "metadata": "[["text/plain","Self-custodial LN address powered by ZEUS. Hodl invoice will settle when user comes online within 24hrs or you'll be refunded."],["text/identifier","petermuster@zeuspay.com"]]", "tag": "payRequest", "minSendable": 1000, "maxSendable": 612000000000, "allowsNostr": true, "nostrPubkey": "3943rjfoijdlakfjo0afsdafasfasfdsadklnfaksdfjljewopqjweilj", "commentAllowed": 600, "zeusPayPlus": true }
📝 Nostr Profile Configuration
Make sure your Nostr profile links both your
nip05
and your Lightning address like this:json { "nip05": "petermuster@mydomain.com", lightnisadress (lud16): "petermuster@mydomain.com" }
⚠️ Privacy / Info Leaks
| Field | Leak? | Explanation | |-------------------|-------|-------------| |
maxSendable
| 🟡 Minor | Indicates the user can accept up to 6.12 BTC. This is not your balance, it shows just you use ZeusPay Plus. | |metadata
| 🔵 Editable | You can remove ZEUS branding for more privacy | |nostrPubkey
| 🔵 Public | This is your public key, no issue | |callback
domain | 🟡 Yes | It reveals you're forwarding tozeuspay.com
| | Custody | 🟢 No | You're using Zeus in non-custodial mode |
✅ Benefits of This Setup
| Advantage | Description | |----------------------------------------|-------------| | Unified Identity | One address for both NIP-05 and Lightning Zaps | | Less dependency on the client | No need to use or register a Lightning wallet in the Nostr client | | Direct payment to your node | Sats go directly to your Zeus wallet via Olympus LSP | | Easily switch payment backend | You can change the real LNURL backend later without changing your address | | Future-proof | You can later self-host your own LNURL backend |
⚠️ Open Question
- How can I send Zaps from my Zeus Wallet (NWC or direct) to a nostr article or post?
If this won't be possible in the future, receiving-only setups lose a lot of value.
- How can I send Zaps from my Zeus Wallet (NWC or direct) to a nostr article or post?
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@ 3c7dc2c5:805642a8
2025-05-10 19:15:50🧠Quote(s) of the week:
'Bitcoin is a high-IQ, low-time-preference asset in a world addicted to DoorDash, dopamine, and debt. Holding Bitcoin requires patience, conviction, and the ability to not panic when CNBC tells you it’s dead for the 47th time. That rules out, oh, I don’t know - 95% of the population? This isn’t some egalitarian revolution. This is a cognitive filter disguised as a monetary network. The rich, the strategic, the elite - those who understand volatility as an opportunity - will stack the hardest asset on Earth while the masses beg for interest rate cuts and $600 stimmies to buy groceries they can't afford.
It's not a level playing field. It's a time-preference war, and Bitcoin is the scoreboard. And every cycle, we watch it happen again. The media ridicules it, the politicians fear it, and the smart money buys more. While fiat punishes savers and rewards financial nihilism, Bitcoin inverts the whole structure. It’s a vault for those who can delay gratification, think generationally, and understand that true wealth is preserved rather than printed. The game isn’t rigged. It’s just calibrated for adults.' - Adam Livingston
'Bitcoin is an extremely simple thesis. If you think governments will stop debasing and debanking: number go down. If you think they won’t stop debasing and debanking: number go up'- Alex Gladstein
Something to ponder on.
🧡Bitcoin news🧡
On the 28th of April:
➡️Hunter Horsley: 'Bitcoin at $94k, yet — Google searches for "Bitcoin" near long-term lows. This hasn't been retail-driven. Institutions, advisors, corporations, and nations have come into the space. The types of investors buying Bitcoin are expanding.'
➡️Daniel Batten: 'Cambridge has just released their updated report on Bitcoin mining. For the first time, their report shows that most (52.4%) of the Bitcoin network is now powered by zero-emission energy sources (up from 37% in their last report).
Here's a summary of their findings:
https://x.com/DSBatten/status/1916903476610650202
You can read the full report here
➡️Arizona’s Bitcoin Reserve bill (SB 1025) just passed the House and now heads to the desk of Governor Katie Hobbs. However, Governor Hobbs has vowed to veto any legislation until a budget impasse over funding for disability services is resolved.
On the 29th of April:
➡️Bitcoin Archive: 'South Korea's ruling party to approve spot Bitcoin ETFs, scrap restrictive banking crypto rules, and introduce crypto-friendly framework THIS YEAR, if it wins the June election.'
➡️President Trump's Executive Director says there is a "space race" amongst countries to accumulate Bitcoin: "We view Bitcoin as digital gold."
➡️U.S. to "turbo-charge" Bitcoin mining growth by allowing Bitcoin miners to build power plants and data centres near natural gas fields - Howard Lutnick, Commerce Secretary
➡️Japanese clothing company ANAP Holdings Inc. bought 35 Bitcoins worth $3.3 million. ANAP now holds 51.7 BTC, joining Japan’s growing corporate Bitcoin treasury movement.
➡️Semler Scientific adds 165 BTC for $15.7M, bringing total holdings to 3,467 BTC. The company reports a 23.8% BTC yield year-to-date.
➡️The Bitcoin hashrate has already surged over 17% since the start of the year.
➡️'This shattered a major myth for me: gold production isn’t slowing down—it’s accelerating. According to NYDIG, annual gold mining has been steadily increasing over time, about 1.6% per year, thanks to better extraction technology. In fact, 2024 saw a 1% year-over-year increase, setting an all-time high in gold output (World Gold Council). So why do so many still believe the outdated narrative that gold is becoming harder to find? The truth is: gold is effectively unlimited in supply—we just get better at digging it up. If that surprises you, you're probably not nearly bullish enough on Bitcoin.' - Robert Hefner https://i.ibb.co/JWCHndQk/Gpu-W9-R1-Xw-AAiy-Cv.jpg
On the 30th of April:
➡️The Bank of Italy identifies Bitcoin as an emerging risk factor with concerns for the financial system.
"The strong growth of Bitcoin and other crypto-assets with high price volatility means risks not only for investors but also potentially for financial stability, given the growing interconnections between the digital asset ecosystem, the traditional financial sector, and the real economy,”
Tell me you are scared of Bitcoin without telling me you are scared of Bitcoin.
➡️4 major wirehouses managing $10 TRILLION to start offering Bitcoin ETFs to clients this year, says BitWise CIO Matt Hougan. Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, Wells Fargo, and UBS are coming to the party.
➡️Roswell, New Mexico, becomes the 1st United States city to launch a strategic Bitcoin reserve.
➡️BlackRock’s Bitcoin ETF IBIT has hit 600,000 BTC!
➡️Semler Scientific bought 165 Bitcoins worth $15.7m. They now hold 3,467 BTC on their balance sheet.
➡️Bitcoin News: 'El Salvador is still buying Bitcoin despite an IMF loan deal that required it to stop. Economy Minister Maria Luisa Hayem confirmed ongoing accumulation, calling Bitcoin “an important project” and a key asset for both the government and private sector.'
➡️New whales are buying Bitcoin faster than ever before!
➡️'ZachXBT says the $330M Bitcoin theft involved an elderly U.S. victim targeted by social engineering. The stolen 3,520 BTC were laundered through six exchanges and swapped into Monero, triggering a 50% price spike due to thin liquidity.' -Bitcoin News
On the 1st of May:
➡️North Carolina Bitcoin Reserve Bill has passed the House! This bill enables state retirement funds to invest up to $ 13 B.
➡️Tether’s latest attestation states the company holds $7.6 billion in Bitcoin.
➡️Europe's largest Bitcoin treasury company, The Blockchain Group, aspires to hold 1% of the total Bitcoin supply by 2033.
➡️FiatHawk: 'Central banks create fake money to buy real gold, and we’re supposed to pretend this isn’t theft. The game is rigged. Their paper is trash. Gold knows it. Bitcoin ends it. Stop believing the lie.
https://i.ibb.co/mrBZtY5P/Gpl4kl-ak-AA-xv-D.png
When the debt bubble collapses, only sound money with zero counterparty risk matters. Currently, sound money is less than 5% of debt money, and Bitcoin is so tiny it is barely visible on the chart. Stay humble and keep stacking.' https://i.ibb.co/QF0Vf9k8/Gpu-CCIWa-YAAng1-U.png
On the 2nd of May:
➡️ Regarding the whole OP_Return debate.
Grok: ++Key Points: ++ * The OP_RETURN debate in Bitcoin centers on whether its blockchain should store data beyond financial transactions, with ongoing controversy. * It began in 2010 with concerns about blockchain bloat, intensified in 2014 with the "OP_Return Wars," and continues today. * Research suggests the debate reflects a balance between Bitcoin's monetary purpose and potential for broader applications like Dapps. * Compromises, like setting a 40-byte limit in 2014, aimed to address concerns but didn't fully resolve tensions, influencing platforms like Ethereum.
++Background++ OP_RETURN is a Bitcoin script opcode allowing small data storage in transactions, useful for timestamping or Dapps, but raising concerns about blockchain bloat.
++Historical Context++
The debate started in 2010 with the BitDNS proposal, where Satoshi Nakamoto worried about scalability, leading to Namecoin. It peaked in 2014 with Counterparty's use, leading to a 40-byte limit compromise, later adjusted to 83 bytes by 2016.
++Recent Developments++ By 2018-2019, high OP_RETURN usage (20% of transactions) sparked fee debates, but usage has since declined, though data remains, with recent 2023 controversies over size limits.
If you are interested in Bitcoin, then you should check out the following video.
Great video from @GrassFedBitcoin explaining the current OP_RETURN situation. The choice isn’t between bloating the UTXO set or increasing OP_RETURN, it’s whether we normalize spam or we reject it. Is Bitcoin for data storage or financial transactions? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15biQH1H140 Every Bitcoiner needs to see this! Vires in Numeris.
A great counterargument by Seth for Privacy:
https://x.com/sethforprivacy/status/1919003009880616976
Personally, I tend to agree with Seth.
To sum it up:
If you are running a node, you should switch from Core to Knots immediately. It's very straightforward, and you don't need to redo the initial block download.
If you arent running a node you are a leech and need to get your shit together.
➡️Tether CEO defends skipping MiCA, calling EU stablecoin rules “very dangerous.” Ardoino: “The European Central Bank is more interested in pushing the digital euro to control people and how they spend their money.”
On the 3rd of May:
➡️Arizona Governor Katie Hobbs has vetoed the state’s Strategic Bitcoin Reserve legislation after it was passed by the House and Senate. She states: “Arizonans’ retirement funds are not the place for the state to try untested investments like virtual currency.”
Apparently, the Arizona State Retirement System already holds 53,097 shares of MSTR. You can’t make this shit up.
➡️Vitalik Buterin: 'One of the best things about Bitcoin is how simple it is. This simplicity has lots of benefits. Let's bring those benefits to Ethereum.' Almost like Bitcoin is eh......(checks notes)......better tech. Just use Bitcoin, dumbfuck! 'It's only taken a decade, but Ethereum's creator is having an inkling that he never should have created Ethereum, which destroyed billions of precious capital and instead focused on Bitcoin.' - Vijay Boyapati
There is no second best!
On the 4th of May:
➡️Eli Nagar:
Heads up, Bitcoin holders: The EU will ban anonymous crypto accounts by July 2027. Every transaction above €1,000 will need your ID. Privacy is becoming extinct. Every new restriction is a marketing campaign for Bitcoin. “Hi, we’re the EU. We’ll surveil you, control your money, and criminalise privacy.” By doing that, they have decided to help promote the black market...great work, EU! Oh, and remember, the EU can't ban what it has no control over: hold your own private keys.
➡️Cumulative inflows into the Bitcoin ETFs have hit a fresh ATH of $ 40.62 B.
On the 5th of May:
➡️Brown University invested $4.9M in Bitcoin via BlackRock's IBIT, as disclosed in a recent SEC filing. The university owns 105K IBIT shares ($5.8M), 2.3% of Brown's reported $216M equity holdings.
➡️Strategy acquires 1,895 BTC for $180.3 million at an average price of $95,167 per bitcoin. As of May 4, 2025, they hold 555,450 BTC acquired for $38.08 billion at an average price of $68,550 per bitcoin.
💸Traditional Finance / Macro:
On the 3rd of May:
👉🏽Berkshire Hathaway cash pile hits record $347.7bn in 1Q as Warren Buffett sells stocks for 10th quarter in a row. Buffett is still raising cash. https://i.ibb.co/1GK6Dvzx/Gq-Bp6q-BW4-AAKKlm.jpg
🏦Banks:
👉🏽 No news
🌎Macro/Geopolitics:
On the 27th of April:
👉🏽World central banks are diversifying their reserves: Foreign holdings of Treasuries as % of US government debt have fallen to ~23%, the lowest in 22 years. The percentage is down ~11 percentage points over the last 9 years. At the same time, gold holdings as a % of global international reserves have hit ~18%, the highest in 26 years. The share has risen by ~8 percentage points since 2015. China has been one of the biggest buyers of gold over the last few years. Since the beginning of 2023, China’s gold reserves as a % of total foreign reserves have doubled to 7.1%.
Everyone wants gold. https://i.ibb.co/NgX11DZh/Gp4-GKc-HWMAAa-FYu.jpg
On the 28th of April:
👉🏽TKL: 'Tariffs are hitting American meat exports.
China's cancellations of US pork shipments are skyrocketing: China cancelled shipments of ~12,000 metric tons of US pork last week, the most since the 2020 pandemic, when global supply chains were halted. As a result, overall US pork export sales dropped to their lowest level since October, according to Bloomberg. This comes as American pork imports to China now face a massive 172% tariff. This includes the duties first imposed during the 2018 trade war.'
On the 29th of April:
👉🏽The U.S. Treasury will now need to borrow $514 billion this quarter, an increase of 320% from its previous estimate.
On the 30th of April:
👉🏽'Bad news for electricity consumers: despite 84 hours of negative pricing (2024: 62 hours), the average electricity price in the Netherlands in April was €75/MWh — nearly 30% higher than a year ago.' - Martien Visser
https://i.ibb.co/VsrFdKy/Gps0l-Au-Xs-AA20-OA.png
👉🏽Tax cuts for the rich lead to higher income inequality. However, they do not have any significant effect on economic growth or unemployment. Empirical evidence for advanced economies over 1965-2015:
https://academic.oup.com/ser/article/20/2/539/6500315?login=false
Trickle down never worked.
👉🏽"Since February 2020, home prices have increased 45%," according to Zillow So has the broad money supply. Not your house is getting more expensive; The money is getting devalued.
Money supply= +40%
Median home= +40%
Experts: "What could have ever caused this????"
And some freaking guru on Instagram or Tiktok is trying to convince you to get his/her 'buying/renting a house' course. https://i.ibb.co/bMXfW3vp/Gp0-CXg-Ka-YAAIhq-J.jpg
👉🏽SUMMARY OF US Q1 GDP REPORT: 1. The U.S. economy contracted at an annual rate of -0.3% in the first quarter, compared to expectations for an increase of 0.2%. That’s down from the growth of 2.4% in Q4. 2. Real consumer spending rose by 1.8% Y/Y, after increasing 4.0% in Q4. 3. The GDP Price Index rose 3.7%, above estimates of 3.1%. 4. Core PCE Prices rose 3.5%, after increasing 2.6% in Q4.
• Key Takeaway: Fears of stagflation are growing as the economy grinds to a halt and inflation ticks higher. - Jesse Cohen
👉🏽World debt has now officially crossed $300 TRILLION, and still continues to climb aggressively. This will not end well…
https://i.ibb.co/Kxm2bJs6/Gpyi-Ouwa-YAEDg-Pq.jpg
👉🏽'March PCE inflation, the Fed's preferred inflation measure, FALLS to 2.3%, above expectations of 2.2%. Core PCE inflation FALLS to 2.6%, in line with expectations of 2.6%. February Core PCE inflation was revised up to 3.0%. All eyes are on the Fed next week.' - TKL
🎁If you have made it this far, I would like to give you a little gift, well, in this case, two gifts:
Smitty's Bitcoin Retirement Guide:
"Helping you develop a better Bitcoin stacking target for life planning." - Sminston With This is a fantastic tool. Very, very useful. I will keep mentioning it. Bitcoin is a savings vehicle. Period!
https://x.com/sminston_with/status/1917605539279954391
The best kind of retirement starts in diapers and ends in diapers, so start now. https://i.ibb.co/4RwFxR0W/Gpys-GQga-YAIxm-MX.jpg
nofinancialadvice
Credit: I have used multiple sources!
My savings account: Bitcoin The tool I recommend for setting up a Bitcoin savings plan: PocketBitcoin especially suited for beginners or people who want to invest in Bitcoin with an automated investment plan once a week or monthly.
Use the code SE3997
Get your Bitcoin out of exchanges. Save them on a hardware wallet, run your own node...be your own bank. Not your keys, not your coins. It's that simple. ⠀ ⠀
⠀⠀ ⠀ ⠀⠀⠀
Do you think this post is helpful to you?
If so, please share it and support my work with a zap.
▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃
⭐ Many thanks⭐
Felipe - Bitcoin Friday!
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@ c9badfea:610f861a
2025-05-10 18:57:30- Install Squircle (it's free and open source)
- Launch the app, tap the ⁞ icon and select Settings
- Configure your Git credentials as needed
- Add any remote servers under Cloud & Servers
- Return to the editor view and enjoy your mobile IDE
ℹ️ To clone a Git repository, tap ☰, long-press a directory in the file tree, and choose Clone
ℹ️ You may want to use it alongside Termux, a terminal emulator and Linux environment
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@ 6d8e2a24:5faaca4c
2025-05-10 08:11:36North American nations have been at the forefront of Bitcoin adoption; however, Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa have recently emerged as leaders in Africa.
There’s an increasing acceptance of Bitcoin on the African continent. More businesses, individuals and even financial organizations are using cryptocurrency to transact as an alternative to traditional banking systems. With the economies of the continent experiencing a lot of currency instability, poor banking infrastructure and exorbitantly priced remittances, Bitcoin is coming up as a viable solution financially. Analyzing Bitcoin price trends is crucial for investors, traders and businesses in Africa who want to implement digital assets in their operations.
The Impact of Bitcoin on the African Economy
North American nations have been at the forefront of Bitcoin adoption; however, Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa have recently emerged as leaders in Africa. Peer-to-peer cryptocurrency trading across the continent reached over $100 billion in 2023, making Africa one of the fastest-growing markets for blockchain technology, according to a report by Chainalysis. Several factors that fuel this growth include:
⚪ Less Dependable Fiat Currency : Zimbabwe and Nigeria have poor liquidity currencies, which makes it prudent for citizens to invest in Bitcoin to minimize losses due to devaluation over time.
⚪ Payments for Foreign Worker Remittances: Bitcoin is useful for relocating payments since it eliminates the need for using bitcoin remittance centers that charge ridiculous fees for payment processing.
⚪ Financial Inclusion : A large portion of the African population does not use banks. This makes bitcoin an ideal alternative, as it offers a decentralized and unbanked-friendly option for conducting transactions.
How Bitcoin’s Price Trends Affect the African Market
Businesses and individuals’ activities with bitcoin are directly proportional to its price trends and different nations have different ways through which they analyze this. Take Nigeria, for instance, where the e-commerce platform Patricia and several local sellers on Jumia have had to change their prices multiple times a day to keep in line with the fluctuating value of bitcoin. This has led to the platform’s volatility driving the pricing strategy of freelancers and remote workers who are paid in bitcoin and the currency has to be converted before being spent. As investor sentiment increases, so too does Bitcoin’s value, reaching 71,333 dollars in April of 2024, according to estimates from CoinMarketCap. The volatility, however, remains high and so there is a lot of uncertainty for African investors and businesses hoping to capitalize on the price movement.
Amongst the factors that impact the price movement of bitcoin, these are the most significant:
⚪ Global Adoption and Institutional Investments: An increase in spending by corporations leads to a higher demand and price for bitcoin.
⚪ Regulatory Changes : The law about cryptocurrency in different African countries is a vital influencer of regard and value for bitcoin.
⚪ Market Speculation and Trading Activity: The volatility of Bitcoin's price remains dependent on investor sentiment, especially in the emerging markets.
African Governments and Cryptocurrency Regulation
The policies for regulating Bitcoin are different in various countries in Africa. While countries like South Africa and Kenya are skeptical but working towards adjusting their policies to incorporate cryptocurrency into their economies, other nations remain hesitant. The following is a summary of the most important changes:
⚪ South Africa: The Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA) offered more structured regulations by classifying crypto assets as financial products. This is a notable development towards more stringent regulations.
⚪ Nigeria: The Central Bank of Nigeria has previously restricted banks from supporting the facilitation of crypto transactions but is in the process of allowing it due to newly offered licenses to cryptocurrency exchanges, which under certain guidelines allow them to conduct regulated crypto activities.
⚪ Kenya: The Capital Markets Authority is seeking ways to regulate the security features of Bitcoin to enable it to reduce fraud. Bitcoin’s Impact on E-commerce and Small Businesses in Africa
With the rise of cryptocurrency acceptance, small-scale businesses and e-commerce businesses are increasing the option of paying for goods and services in Bitcoin. Businesses can reduce costs by:
⚪ Decreased Transaction Fees: Payments made using Bitcoin are usually cheaper than those made through credit cards. For example, some merchants in Ghana are beginning to use Bitcoin to bypass high fee payment processing, increase their profit margins and improve overall business profitability.
⚪ Reduced Transaction Delays: Banking transactions processed through the blockchain do away with delays associated with traditional banking.
⚪ Access to Global Markets: Businesses in Africa have no issues engaging with foreign clients because there is no currency conversion needed.
For instance, Yellow Card is a cryptocurrency exchange that operates in several countries in Africa and allows the trading of Bitcoins. In 2024, Yellow Card received more compliance approvals, which allowed the business to serve more than 20 countries in Africa. It now stands as a central player in the regional ecosystem of crypto. The platform allows businesses or individuals to transact efficiently with Bitcoin.
Challenges and Risks of Bitcoin Adoption in Africa
Unlike the advantages, there are several challenges regarding the adoption of Bitcoin in Africa:
⚪ Regulatory Uncertainty: The considerable flux of policies is difficult for businesses and investors to navigate, although some countries are beginning to put clearer policies into place, such as South Africa and Nigeria. As an example, Nigeria has plans to regulate the exchange of digital assets and put some control over it through the issuing of licenses for crypto exchanges, which are expected to be released in 2024.
⚪ Price Volatility: Changes in the price of Bitcoin can affect savings and transactions for businesses.
⚪ Limited Infrastructure: Internet and computer skills are primary requirements for greater acceptance.
Conclusion
Bitcoin is increasingly becoming a key component of Africa’s financial ecosystem by providing banking services or alternatives, facilitating financial remittances and supporting inclusion. Experts expect that Africa will increasingly adopt Bitcoin as a major tool of payment and remittance service across borders and for digital financial transactions. This will be the case if the regulations supporting its growth are put in place. While price volatility and regulatory challenges persist, knowing how prices behave and the developments within the Bitcoin ecosystem will help investors and businesses understand the new economy Africa is adopting. Africa indeed has the chance to use strategic adoption of technology to improve economic development and innovation through Bitcoin if action is taken.
2025Content from a Premium Partner InfoWire https://allafrica.com/stories/202503240689.html
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@ 9967f375:04f9a5e1
2025-05-10 03:55:38El insigne mendocino Juan Fernando Segovia falleció en el día de la festividad de Nuestra Señora de Luján, fecha significativa no sólo por ser la Patrona ríoplatense, sino además, anecdóticamente, porque cuando conocimos al profesor en tierras mejicanas tlaxcaltecas, escuchando la Santa Misa en la catedral (oficiada por el P. José Ramón García Gallardo); en un altar lateral coronandolo se encuentra una imágen de la Virgen muy parecida a la advocación, al hacerlo notar al profesor, la contempló sonriente y con mucha Fe. Este breve hecho significativo, sin duda fundamentó la labor abierta de Juan Fernando Segovia de ser fiel apóstol intelectual por los pueblos hispánicos, pues no sólo vino a compartir su sabiduría política, jurídica y moral, además de su genial convivencia con los asistentes en una, sino en las tres ediciones de las Conversaciones de la Ciudad Católica de Tlaxcala, haciendo notar la sinrazón de la cerrazón propia del nacionalismo (sin importar el apellido que le acompañe). Los Círculos Tradicionalistas de toda la Nueva España (cuyos buenos frutos son en gran parte obra de la labor incansable, conferencias presenciales y virtuales, libros y artículos de revistas para la conformación y formación continua de sus miembros), lamenta el vacío por la partida del maestro Juan Fernando Segovia.
Que Cristo Rey, a quien fielmente sirvió durante su vida, le dé el descanso eterno.
(Juan Fernando Segovia al centro, junto al P. José Ramón García y el matador Jerónimo Ramírez de Arellano en Tlaxcala, 2018).
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@ 84b0c46a:417782f5
2025-05-10 01:31:43- lumilumi The Nostr Web Client.
Lightweight modes are available, such as not displaying icon images, not loading images automatically, etc.
-
Long Form Content Editor A lightweight Long Form Content Editor with editing functionality for your articles. It supports embedding Nostr IDs via NIP-19 and custom emoji integration.
Follow List ( kind3 ) organization tool.
- NAKE NIP-19, NIP-49 Encode/Decode Tool
- chrome extension
- firefox add-on
- nostviewstr
Addressable or Replaceable Event Editor ( いろんなリストエディター )
Addressable or Replaceable Event Recovery tool ( いろいろリカバリーツール )
Bookmark event ( kind:10003,30001,30003 ) recovery tool ( ぶくま復活させたいやつ )
プロフィールを編集するやつ - nostr-bookmark-viewer
Bookmark event ( kind:10003,30001,30003 ) Editor ( ぶっくまーくをみるやつ )
Broadcast an event from relay to relay ( イベントをブロードキャストするやつ )
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@ 21335073:a244b1ad
2025-05-09 13:56:57Someone asked for my thoughts, so I’ll share them thoughtfully. I’m not here to dictate how to promote Nostr—I’m still learning about it myself. While I’m not new to Nostr, freedom tech is a newer space for me. I’m skilled at advocating for topics I deeply understand, but freedom tech isn’t my expertise, so take my words with a grain of salt. Nothing I say is set in stone.
Those who need Nostr the most are the ones most vulnerable to censorship on other platforms right now. Reaching them requires real-time awareness of global issues and the dynamic relationships between governments and tech providers, which can shift suddenly. Effective Nostr promoters must grasp this and adapt quickly.
The best messengers are people from or closely tied to these at-risk regions—those who truly understand the local political and cultural dynamics. They can connect with those in need when tensions rise. Ideal promoters are rational, trustworthy, passionate about Nostr, but above all, dedicated to amplifying people’s voices when it matters most.
Forget influencers, corporate-backed figures, or traditional online PR—it comes off as inauthentic, corny, desperate and forced. Nostr’s promotion should be grassroots and organic, driven by a few passionate individuals who believe in Nostr and the communities they serve.
The idea that “people won’t join Nostr due to lack of reach” is nonsense. Everyone knows X’s “reach” is mostly with bots. If humans want real conversations, Nostr is the place. X is great for propaganda, but Nostr is for the authentic voices of the people.
Those spreading Nostr must be so passionate they’re willing to onboard others, which is time-consuming but rewarding for the right person. They’ll need to make Nostr and onboarding a core part of who they are. I see no issue with that level of dedication. I’ve been known to get that way myself at times. It’s fun for some folks.
With love, I suggest not adding Bitcoin promotion with Nostr outreach. Zaps already integrate that element naturally. (Still promote within the Bitcoin ecosystem, but this is about reaching vulnerable voices who needed Nostr yesterday.)
To promote Nostr, forget conventional strategies. “Influencers” aren’t the answer. “Influencers” are not the future. A trusted local community member has real influence—reach them. Connect with people seeking Nostr’s benefits but lacking the technical language to express it. This means some in the Nostr community might need to step outside of the Bitcoin bubble, which is uncomfortable but necessary. Thank you in advance to those who are willing to do that.
I don’t know who is paid to promote Nostr, if anyone. This piece isn’t shade. But it’s exhausting to see innocent voices globally silenced on corporate platforms like X while Nostr exists. Last night, I wondered: how many more voices must be censored before the Nostr community gets uncomfortable and thinks creatively to reach the vulnerable?
A warning: the global need for censorship-resistant social media is undeniable. If Nostr doesn’t make itself known, something else will fill that void. Let’s start this conversation.
-
@ 119356ac:740a8b90
2025-05-14 22:57:44► AI Chatbots
- Note - It's never a good idea to upload personal / confidential files or info to any cloud AI, as many train on your questions and code. If you want privacy, its best to run bots yourself locally, and remember to use throwaway emails or aliasing if signing up for bots.
▷ Online Chatbots
- 🌐 Free LLM API Resources or Awesome Free ChatGPT - Online LLM Indexes
- ⭐ AI Studio or Gemini - Gemini-2.5-pro-preview-05-06 / Flash Preview / Subreddit / Discord
- ⭐ ChatGPT - GPT-4o / o4-mini (medium) Chatbot / /r/OpenAI / Subreddit / Discord
- ⭐ Qwen - Alibaba's Chatbots / Qwen3-235B-A22B / Qwen3-32B
- ⭐ DeepSeek - R1 + DeepSeek-V3-0324 / Unlimited / Subreddit / GitHub
- ⭐ Grok - X.com Chatbot / Grok 2 (30 Hourly) / Grok 3 (12 Per Two Hours) / Subreddit / Discord
- ⭐ Microsoft Copilot - GPT-4o / OpenAI o3-Mini-High / No Sign-Up
- ⭐ Chatbot Arena - Multiple Chatbots / No Sign-Up / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ Mistral - Mistral Large 2411 / Discord
- ⭐ HuggingChat - DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B / Qwen QwQ-32B / Qwen3-235B-A22B / Multiple Open-Source Chatbots / GitHub
- Claude - Claude 3.7 Sonnet / Phone # Required / Usage Tracker / Subreddit / Discord
- DuckDuckGo AI - Multiple Chatbots / o3-Mini / No Sign-Up
- ChatK or lobe.wr.do / Discord / GitHub - GPT-4o / DeepSeek-R1-32b / Multiple Chatbots
- AI Assistant - Deepseek-R1 / Qwen QwQ-32B / Multiple Chatbots / No Sign-Up
- AI SDK - Multiple Chatbots / GitHub
- GizAI - Multiple Chatbots
- FreePass or OI - Multiple Chatbots
- SciSpace (No Sign-Up), Scinito or Elicit / GitHub - Research Paper Chatbots
- Learn About - Google's Educational Search AI
- HelixMind - Multiple Chatbots / Discord
- Infermatic - Multiple Chatbots / Discord
- Electron Hub - Deepseek-R1 / o3-Mini-High / Multiple Chatbots / Discord
- NexusAI - GPT-4o / Deepseek-R1 / o3-Mini-High / 300 Daily Discord
- NVIDIA NIM - Deepseek-R1 / Multiple Chatbots / No Sign-Up
- OIChat - Gemini-2.5-Pro-Exp-03-25 / DeepSeek R1 / Qwen QwQ-32B / DeepSeek-V3-0324 / Multiple Chatbots
- Kimi - Kimi 1.5 Chatbot
- Groq - Qwen QwQ-32B / Deepseek-R1-Distill / Multiple Chatbots / Discord
- SambaNova - Deepseek-R1 / Qwen QwQ-32B / DeepSeek-V3-0324 / Multiple Chatbots / Enter Fake Info
- Lambda Chat - Deepseek-R1 / Multiple Chatbots / Unlimited / No Sign-Up
- Maisa - Vinci KPU Chatbot
- Meta AI - Llama 4 Chatbot
- Baidu Chat - Baidu's Chatbot / Phone # Required
- MiniMax AI - Deepseek-R1 / MiniMax-Text-01 Chatbot w/ Large Token Context Window / GitHub
- Pi - Inflection AI's Chatbot
- Reka - Reka's Chatbot / Discord
- Poe - Multiple Chatbots / 150 Daily / Phone # Required / Discord
- PrivateGPT / Discord / GitHub, NotebookLM, Onyx / Discord / GitHub or DocsGPT / Discord / GitHub - Document Chatbots / Note-Taking
▷ AI Search Engines
- 🌐 Awesome AI Web Search - AI Search Engine Index
- ⭐ Scira - Claude Sonnet 3.7 / Grok 3 / Mistral Small 3.1 / Optimus Alpha / AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up / GitHub
- ⭐ Perplexity - AI Search Engine / Enhancements / Open Source Models / Discord
- ⭐ WolframAlpha - Searchable Knowledge Base / No Sign-Up / Mobile
- ⭐ You - AI Search Engine / Sign-Up Required / Discord / GitHub
- Hyperspace - P2P AI Network / No Sign-Up / Web App, 2 / GitHub
- Phind - Llama Search Engine / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Morphic - GPT-4o-mini AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Komo - AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up
- Jina - AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up
- Felo - AI Search Engine / AI Agents / No Sign-Up
- searc.ai - AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up
- RabbitHoles - Mind Map Style Search / Discord / GitHub
- Isou.chat - Deepseek-R1-Distill / Qwen 2.5 AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up / GitHub
- Hika - Deepseek-R1 AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Khoj - Gemini-2.0-Flash AI Search Engine / AI Agents / Sign-Up Required / Discord / GitHub
- AyeSoul - AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up
- Venice - LLama 3 AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up
- uncovr - GPT-4o-mini / Gemini-2.0-Flash AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Exa - AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Lepton Search - AI Search Engine / No Sign-Up / GitHub
- Perplexica - AI Search Engine / Self-Hosted / Discord
▷ Self-Hosting Tools
- ⭐ Jan - Self-Hosted / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ SillyTavern - Self-Hosted Interface / Discord / Subreddit / GitHub
- ⭐ Open WebUI - Self-Hosted Interface / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ llama.cpp - Self-Hosted Transformer-Based LLMs / Guide
- ⭐ KoboldCpp - llama.cpp with API + GUI / ROCm / Colab
- ⭐ Pinokio - Single Click AI Model Installer / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ oobabooga - Self-Host Models / Colab / Subreddit / Discord
- ⭐ Aphrodite Engine - Serve LLMs at Scale with Kobold & OpenAI APIs / Colab / GitHub
- Petals - Self-Hosted / Discord / GitHub
- Leon - Self-Hosted / Discord / GitHub
- Ollama - Self-Hosted / Discord / GitHub
- tgpt - Self-Hosted
- LoLLMs Web UI - Self-Hosted / Discord
- LM Studio - Self-Hosted / Discord / GitHub
- AnythingLLM - Self-Hosted
- LibreChat - Self-Hosted / Discord / GitHub
- GPT4All - Self-Hosted / GitHub / Discord
- llamafile - Run LLM with Single Files / Discord
▷ Roleplaying Chatbots
- 🌐 Sukino-Findings - AI Roleplay Resources
- 🌐 BestERP - Roleplaying LLM Lists
- ⭐ PygmalionAI - Self-Hosted Roleplaying Models / Resources / Discord / Subreddit / GitHub
- ⭐ Character.AI - Roleplaying Chatbots / Extract / Discord / Subreddit
- ⭐ FlowGPT - Roleplaying Chatbots / Some NSFW / Discord
- ⭐ Bot Creation Guide - Character Creation Guide
- ⭐ Chub - Character Cards / Some NSFW / Discord / Subreddit / GitHub
- Llama + SillyTavern - Llama + SillyTavern Roleplaying Setup Guide / No Sign-Up
- KoboldAI - GUI for Roleplaying Chatbots / No Sign-Up / Discord / GitHub
- 4thWall AI - Roleplaying Chatbots / Discord / Subreddit
- WyvernChat - Roleplaying Chatbots
- JanitorAI - Roleplaying Chatbots / Some NSFW
- FictionLab - Roleplaying / Story Chatbot / Discord
- TavernAI - Roleplaying / Story Chatbot / Colab / Discord / GitHub
- AI Dungeon - Roleplaying / Story Chatbot / No Sign-Up / Subreddit / Discord
- Spellbound - Roleplaying / Story Chatbot / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Kajiwoto, Miku (No Sign-Up) / Discord or Agnai / Discord - Chatbot Builders
- Crossing the Uncanny Valley - Realistic AI Voice Chat
- HammerAI - Self-Hosted Roleplaying Chatbots
▷ Coding AIs
- 🌐 EvalPlus Leaderboard / GitHub, WebDev Arena, Aider LLM Leaderboards or Big Code Models Leaderboard - Coding AI Leaderboards
- 🌐 Awesome AI Agents - Coding / Programming AIs / Discord
- ⭐ Windsurf - Coding AI / Subreddit / Discord
- ⭐ Pieces - Multi-LLM Coding AI / GPT-4 / 4o for Free / No Sign-Up / Discord
- WDTCD? - Simple Code Explanations / No Sign-Up
- Sourcery - Auto-Pull Request Reviews / GitHub
- Devv - Coding Search Engine / GitHub
- Telosys - Code Generator / No Sign-Up / Source Code
- Llama Coder - Code Generator / No Sign-Up / GitHub
- imgcook - Coding AI / No Sign-Up / GitHub
- Supermaven - Coding AI / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Cody - Coding AI / Discord / GitHub
- OpenHands - Coding AI / Discord / GitHub
- Continue - Coding AI / Discord / GitHub
- GitHub Copilot - Coding AI
- Trae - Coding AI
- Cline - Coding AI / Discord
- Cursor - Coding AI
- GitWit - Coding AI
- Qodo - Coding AI
- Blackbox - Coding AI / No Sign-Up
- Denigma - Coding AI / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Aider - Terminal Coding AI / Discord / GitHub
- Codacy - Code Fixing AI / GitHub
- Open Interpreter - Run Code Locally / No Sign-Up / Discord
- v0 - Text to Site Code / Discord
- DeepSite - Text to Site Code
- Bolt.new - Web App Builder / Discord / GitHub
- Fragments - App Builder / Discord / GitHub
- Composio - Add Tools to Coding AI / Discord / GitHub
► AI Tools
- 🌐 sindresorhus's Awesome ChatGPT or Awesome ChatGPT - AI Resources
- 🌐 Every ChatGPT GUI - ChatGPT GUI Index
- ↪️ AI API Tools
- tldraw computer - Create Component Workflows to Generate or Transform Data / Discord / GitHub
- ChatGPT Box or KeepChatGPT - Extensions
- LLM - LLM CLI / Discord / GitHub
- GPT4Free - Desktop App / Telegram
- Msty - Desktop App / Discord
- LobeChat - Desktop App / Discord / GitHub
- Noi - Desktop App / Discord / GitHub
- Chatbot UI - Desktop App / GitHub
- ChatRTX - Desktop App / RTX 30+ Series GPU Only
- ChatPDF (No Sign-Up) or AskYourPDF - Turn Books / PDFs into Chatbots
- ChatGPT DeMod - Block ChatGPT Moderation Checks
- ParallelGPT - Data Processing AI / Discord
- Concierge - Connect Apps to AI
- MassiveMark - Convert LLM Chats to DOCX / Discord
- ChatGPT Widescreen - ChatGPT Widescreen / Fullscreen / GitHub
- Voice Control - ChatGPT Voice Control
- screenpipe - AI Screen Recorder / No Sign-Up / Discord / GitHub
- ChatGPT Exporter - Export Chats / GitHub
- GPThemes - ChatGPT Themes
- LLM Model VRAM Calculator - LLM Requirement Calculators
- AI Piracy Resources - AI Piracy Guide / Resources
▷ AI Prompts
- Note - Bypassing chatbot safeguards (aka jailbreaking) is against the TOS of most AI, so use them at your own risk.
- 🌐 Jailbreak Listings - Prompt / Jailbreak Lists
- ⭐ BlackFriday GPTs Prompts - Prompt Directory
- ⭐ Leaked Prompts - Prompt Directory
- ⭐ Prompt Engineering Guide / Discord / GitHub, Google Whitepaper, Prompt_Engineering, LearnPrompting, OpenAI Guide or Claude Guide - Prompting Guides
- /r/ChatGPTJailbreak - AI Jailbreak Community
- ChatGPT System Prompt - Prompt Directory
- The Big Prompt Library - Prompt Directory
- ChatGPT & Bing AI Prompts - Prompt Directory
- L1B3RT4S - Jailbreak Prompts / Discord / X
- promptfoo - Prompt Playgrounds / Discord / GitHub
- Tensor Trust / GitHub or Gandalf / GitHub - Prompting Skill Games
- RedTeam Arena - AI Jailbreak Game
- Gobble Bot - Generate Text Files for Chatbots
► AI Indexes
- 🌐 LifeArchitect - LLM Index
- 🌐 FutureTools - AI Directory / Discord
- 🌐 Google Labs or Google Labs FX - Google AI Experiments / Subreddit / Discord
- Perchance / Discord or WebSim / Subreddit / Discord - Simple AI Builders
- YP for AI - AI Directory
- LLM Resources Hub - AI Directory
- Awesome AI Tools - AI Directory
- It's Better With AI - AI Directory
- GPT Demo - AI Directory
- ArtificialStudio - Multi-Tool Browser AIs / Discord
- LLM Pricing - LLM Pricing Index
- Model Releases - Upcoming Model Releases
▷ AI Benchmarks
- ⭐ Artificial Analysis - Chatbot Benchmarks
- ⭐ Chatbot Arena - Chatbot Leaderboards / Benchmarks / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ LiveBench - Chatbot Leaderboards / Benchmarks / GitHub
- SEAL LLM Leaderboards - Chatbot Leaderboards
- WildBench - Chatbot Benchmarks / GitHub
- Wolfram LLM Benchmarking Project - Chatbot Leaderboards / Benchmarks
- ZeroEval - Chatbot Leaderboard / GitHub
- LLM Stats - Chatbot Leaderboard
- OpenLM Arena - Chatbot Leaderboard
- The Fastest AI - Chatbot Latency Speeds / GitHub
- OpenRouter - Chatbot Popularity Rankings / Discord / GitHub
- Open VLM Leaderboard - VLM Benchmark Leaderboard Aggregator
- MathArena - AI Mathematics Competitions / Benchmarks
- AI Elo - AI Game Competitions / Benchmarks
► Text Generators
- ⭐ TextFX / GitHub or Rytr - AI Creative Writing Tools / No Sign-Up
- Scrip AI (No Sign-Up), INK, QuickPen AI - Online AI Text Tools
- NovelAI - Story Writing AI / No Sign-Up / Limit Bypass, 2 / Discord
- Dreamily - Story Writing AI
- PerchanceStory - Story Writing AI
- Quarkle - AI Writing Assistant
▷ Text Rephrasing
▷ Grammar Check
► Video Generation
- 🌐 VBench - Video Generation Model Leaderboard
- ⭐ PixVerse - 1 Daily / Discord
- AI Studio / Subreddit / Discord
- Synthesis Colab - Unlimited / Colab / Discord
- Stable Video
- Vidu - 6 Monthly / Discord
- Genmo - 30 Monthly / GitHub
- Stable Diffusion Videos - Unlimited / Colab
- Wan AI / 10 Daily
- Dream Machine - 5 per Account / Discord
- LensGo - 5 Daily / Discord
- Kling AI - 8 Monthly / Discord
- Pika - 5 Monthly / Discord
- Dreamina - 150 Monthly
- Qwen - 10 Daily
- Krea - 2 Daily / Discord
- Hailuo Free - Unlimited
- Hailuo AI - 3 Daily / Discord
- Fusion Brain - Unlimited
- Vivago - 1 Daily
- ChatGLM - Unlimited / Requires Sign-Up & Phone # / SMS Generators Work
- Eggnog - AI Character Video Remixer + Editor
► Image Generation
- ⭐ NexusAI Image / 300 Daily Per Model / Discord
- ⭐ Mage / Discord
- ⭐ ImageFX or Gemini - Imagen 3 / Unlimited / Region Based / Discord
- ⭐ ComfyUI Online / Unlimited
- ⭐ Grok / 25 Per 2 Hours / Subreddit / Discord
- FLUX.1 Dev / No Sign-Up
- Dezgo / Unlimited / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Fusion Brain, 2 / Unlimited / Telegram Bot
- Microsoft Designer, 2 / Unlimited
- Kling AI / 366 Monthly / Characters / Portraits / Discord
- AI Gallery / Unlimited / No Sign-Up
- Wan AI / 100 Daily / No Sign-Up
- PicLumen / 50 Daily / Discord
- Recraft / 50 Daily / Discord
- imgsys / Unlimited / Compare Generators / No Sign-Up
- NVIDIA NIM / 50 Daily / No Sign-Up
- Hotpot / 75 Daily / No Sign-Up
- Prodia / Unlimited / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Pollinations / Unlimited / No Sign-Up / Discord / GitHub
- PicSynth / Unlimited
- Leonardo / 150 Daily
- Loras / Unlimited / GitHub
- ChatGLM / Unlimited
- Meta AI / Unlimited
- Playground / 15 Per 3 Hours
- TensorArt / 40 Daily / Subreddit / Discord
- Shakker / 50 Daily / Discord / Guide
- Stable Diffusion / Unlimited / GitHub / Discord
- Unstable Diffusion / 52 Daily
- SeaArt / 40 Daily / Discord
- Art Genie / Unlimited / No Sign-Up
- Raphael / Unlimited / No Sign-Up / Uses Flux.1
- CGDream / 770 SDXL / 450 Fast FLUX / 150 FLUX Dev Monthly
- Hailuo AI - 100 Daily / Discord
- PixNova AI / Unlimited
- ChatK / Unlimited
- Reve Image / 20 Daily
- Baidu Chat / Phone # Required
- ImageLabs / Unlimited / No Sign-Up
- Qwen / Unlimited
- AIGazou / Unlimited
- Dreamina / 50 Daily
- Perchance, 2 / Unlimited / No Sign-Up
- getimg.ai / 100 Monthly / Discord
- Adobe Firefly / 25 Monthly / Discord
- Aitubo / 25 Daily / Discord
- Poe / 2-15 Daily / Phone # Required / Discord
- Maze Guru / 12 Daily / Discord
- DALL·E - 6 Daily / ChatGPTs Image Generator
- PixAI / 5 Daily / Discord
- FluxPro / 1 Daily / Discord
- Glif / 20 Daily / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Vivago / 15 Daily / No Sign-Up
- Krea / 10 Daily / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Whisk - Use Images as Prompts
- Artoons - Cartoon Style Generator / GitHub
- Genie / Discord, Shap-e, Stable Dreamfusion or threestudio / Colab / Discord - 3D Image Generators
- Interactive Scenes - Generate Interactive Scenes / Discord
- Illusion Diffusion - Illusion Artwork Generator
▷ Local Frontends
- ⭐ Stability Matrix / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ Invoke / GitHub / Discord
- ⭐ ComfyUI / Subreddit / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ Fooocus, 2 / Colab
- ⭐ Mochi Diffusion - Stable Diffusion for Mac / Discord
- ⭐ DiffusionBee - Stable Diffusion for Mac / GitHub / Discord
- ⭐ Automatic1111 / Fork, 2 / Colab / Photoshop / Templates / Upscaling, 2
- StableStudio
- Easy Diffusion / Discord / GitHub
- Makeayo / Discord
- biniou
- Sygil WebUI / Colab / Discord / GitHub
- Radiata / GitHub
- SD WebUI Forge
- ComfyUI-Zluda
▷ Guides / Tools
- 🌐 Paper2GUI, sdg-link, LocalModelsLinks, SDTools or AI Creation Tools - AI Image Resources
- 🌐 Civitai - SD Model Index / Subreddit / Discord / GitHub
- 🌐 promptoMANIA - Prompt Indexes
- ⭐ A Traveler's Guide to the Latent Space - AI Art Guide
- ⭐ CLIP Interrogator / 2 - Determine Likely Used Image Prompts / Colab, 2
- SD Dynamic Prompts - Extension for Automatic1111
- AI Horde - Distributed Network of GPUs running Stable Diffusion / Interface, 2, 3 / Discord / GitHub
- IOPaint - Image Fill / Item Removal / Colab / GitHub
- Unstable Diffusion - AI Image Community
- Generative AI for Beginners - Generative AI Guides
▷ Image Restoration
► Audio Generation
- ⭐ Riffusion / Discord
- ⭐ Suno / Guide / Discord
- MusicFX / Region Based
- WolframTones / No Sign-Up
- Stable Audio / Discord
- Udio / Discord
- audio visual generator / No Sign-Up
- Fake Music Generator / No Sign-Up
- MusicGen / No Sign-Up / Colab / GitHub
- Sonauto / Discord
- Beatoven.ai / Discord
- Waveformer / GitHub
- SOUNDRAW / No Sign-Up
- Mubert
- AIVA / Discord
- Boomy / Discord
- Melobytes
- AI Jukebox / No Sign-Up
- Eapy - MIDI Sample Generator
- Pack Generator - Sample Pack Generator
- MMAudio - Generate Audio for Silent Videos / Demo / Colab / GitHub
- Drumloop AI - Drum Loop Generator
- WOMBO - AI Powered Lip Sync
▷ Text to Speech
- ⭐ TTS Online / No Sign-Up
- Uberduck / Discord
- Google Illuminate - Generate AI Conversations
- ElevenLabs / No Sign-Up / Discord / GitHub
- ttsMP3 / No Sign-Up
- FakeYou / No Sign-Up / Discord
- Luvvoice / No Sign-Up
- TTSMaker / No Sign-Up
- Tortoise TTS / No Sign-Up
- Bark / No Sign-Up / Colab / GitHub / Discord
- TTSOpenAI or OpenAI.fm / No Sign-Up / OpenAI's Bot
- AI Speaker / No Sign-Up
- edge-tts / No Sign-Up / Python Module
- IndexTTS / No Sign-Up
- Voices
- TextToSpeech.io
- LazyPy / No Sign-Up / GitHub
- Kokoro TTS / No Sign-Up / Source code / Discord / GitHub
- Ondoku / No Sign-Up
- AnyVoiceLab / No Sign-Up
- VoiceCraft / Colab
- EmotiVoice
- Fish Audio / Discord / GitHub
- Audio-WebUI / No Sign-Up / Colab / Discord
- VanillaVoice / No Sign-Up
- TTSFree / No Sign-Up
- LOVO / Discord
- SoundofText / No Sign-Up
- FreeTTS
- Hume / No Sign-Up
- Voicemaker / No Sign-Up
- NaturalReaders / No Sign-Up
- TTS / Discord
- Clash
- Moe TTS / No Sign-Up / Colab
▷ Voice Change / Clone
- ⭐ Applio - Voice Cloning / No Sign-Up / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ Weights / Subreddit / Discord or Voice Models / Discord - AI Voice Models and Guides
- ⭐ RVC V2 - RVC V2 Voice Cloning (Locally) / Colab / Discord
- ⭐ Voice Changer - Real-Time Voice Changer (W-Okada) / Guide / Colab
- ⭐ Ilaria RVC - RVC V2 Voice Cloning (Cloud/Colab) / No Sign-Up
- Replay - RVC Desktop App / Discord
- Bark Voice Cloning - Voice Cloning / No Sign-Up / Colab / GitHub
- RVC Inference HF - Voice Cloning / No Sign-Up
- AnyVoiceLab - Voice Cloning / No Sign-Up
- AllVoiceLab - Voice Cloning
- Zyphra - Voice Cloning / GitHub
▷ Voice Removal / Separation
- 🌐 MultiSong Leaderboard - Music & Voice Separation AI Leaderboards
- ⭐ UVR5 UI
- ⭐ MVSEP / Decrease Queue Time
- Splitter / Sign-Up Required
- MDX23
- Music-Source-Separation
- VocalRemover
- Ultimate Vocal Remover
- Remove Vocals / 2
- vocali
- mazmazika
- Vocal Remover
- ezstems
► Machine Learning
-
@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2025-05-09 13:25:40The second round of the NBA Playoffs is historically weird. We'll try to figure out what's going wrong for all three of the presumed contenders. Which of the other East teams need to be considered contenders now? With how bad the Warriors look without Steph (just how underrated is he?), do the Warriors still have any chance?
In Blok'd Shots, we'll talk about the NHL Star who got traded midseason and then beat his former team in the playoffs.
There was a big trade in the NFL. Plus, @grayruby wants to start a media beef with Colin Cowherd.
The MLB introduced a new stat. I have no idea what it is, but I'm looking forward to trying to understand it live on air.
And, of course, lots of contest and betting updates.
What do you want us to talk about?
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/975474
-
@ 84b0c46a:417782f5
2025-05-09 13:10:53test
-
@ 119356ac:740a8b90
2025-05-14 22:56:58► Adblocking
- Note - Don't run multiple general adblockers (e.g., uBlock Origin and AdGuard) simultaneously to avoid breakage. Combining general adblockers with tools like SponsorBlock is fine.
- ↪️ Spotify Adblockers
- ↪️ Twitch Adblockers
- ↪️ Bypass URL Redirects
- ↪️ Bypass Article Paywalls
- ⭐ uBlock Origin or uBO Lite (MV3 compatible) - Adblocker / Redundant Extensions
- ⭐ Report Issues - uAssets / Hosts / AdGuard / EasyList
- ⭐ SponsorBlock - Skip Sponsored YouTube Ads / Script, 2 / Discord / X / GitHub
- Disblock Origin or Discord Adblock - Hide Discord Nitro / Boost Ads
- Popupblocker All, PopUpOFF, Popup Blocker (strict) or PopupBlocker - Popup / New Tab Blockers
- AdGuard - Adblocker
- Zen - System-Wide Adblocker / Discord / GitHub
- BehindTheOverlay - Hide Website Overlays
- BilibiliSponsorBlock - Skip Sponsored Bilibili Ads
▷ Adblock Filters
- ⭐ LegitimateURLShortener - Query Parameter Cleaning Rules
- yokoffing's Recommended Filters - Blocklist Collection
- Hagezi Blocklists - Blocklist Collection
- FilterLists - Filter / Host List Directory
- FMHY Filterlist - Unsafe Sites Filter
▷ DNS Adblocking
- Note - If your goal is to block browser ads, it's best to just stick with uBlock Origin, as additional filters can cause conflicts or anti-adblock.
- 🌐 DNS Providers - DNS Provider Index
- ↪️ DNS Filters / Blocklists
- ↪️ Free DNS Resolvers
- ⭐ Pi-Hole - Self-Hosted DNS Adblocking / Subreddit / X
- ⭐ Pi-Hole Tools - Filters / Anti-Telemetry / Tray App
- ⭐ AdGuard Home - Self-Hosted DNS Adblocking / Balena-Adguard / GitHub / X / Telegram / Subreddit
- ⭐ Mullvad DNS - DNS Adblocking / Filtering / Extension / GitHub
- ⭐ YogaDNS - Custom DNS Client for Windows
- DNS Speed Test / GitHub
- BlahDNS - DNS Adblocking / GitHub
- AlternateDNS - DNS Adblocking
- LibreDNS - DNS Adblocking / GitLab
- Tiarap - DNS Adblocking / GitHub
- NextDNS - Customizable DNS Adblocking Service / Video
- AdGuard DNS - Customizable DNS Adblocking Service / X / Telegram / Subreddit
- Control D - Customizable DNS Adblocking Service / X / Subreddit / Discord
- NxFilter - Self-Hosted Customizable DNS Adblocking / Subreddit
- TBlock - DNS Adblocking Client / CodeBerg
- Diversion - Asuswrt-Merlin Router Adblock Manager
- Phishing Army - DNS Phishing Blocklist / X
- Technitium - Self-Hosted DNS Server / Subreddit / GitHub
- DNS Perf or NameBench - DNS Speed Tests
▷ Linux Adblocking
▷ Mac Adblocking
▷ Android Adblocking
▷ iOS Adblocking
► Antivirus / Malware
- 🌐 /r/Antivirus Index - Antivirus Tool Index
- ↪️ Site Legitimacy Check
- ↪️ Virtual Machines
- ⭐ Malwarebytes - Antivirus / X
- ⭐ AdwCleaner - Anti-Adware / X
- ⭐ Security / Antivirus Multireddit - Reddit Communities
- ⭐ FMHY SafeGuard - Detects if Current Site is Trusted / Untrusted
- FMHY LinkSafe Guard - Shows if Site is Trusted / Untrusted on Web Results
- BleepingComputer Forums, Malwarebytes Forums or Sysnative Forums - Malware Removal Forums / Note
- Sandboxie Plus - Sandbox Environment / Guide / GitHub
- Windows Sandbox - Full Virtual Machine Sandbox Environment
- ESET - Antivirus / X
- Dangerzone - Convert Malicious PDFs to Safe Files / GitHub
- Triage or Cuckoo - Online Sandboxes
- No More Ransom - Ransomware Decryption Tools
- ID Ransomware - Ransomware Identification Tool
- ConfigureDefender - Configure Windows Defender Settings
- DefenderUI - Improved Windows Defender UI
▷ File Scanners
- 🌐 The Second Opinion, 2 - Portable Malware Scanners / Removal Tools / GitHub
- ⭐ VirusTotal / Scan Results Guide, 2 or Hybrid Analysis - Online File Scanner
- ⭐ VirusTotal Tools - CLI / Uploader / Lite Version
- Microsoft Safety Scanner or Emsisoft Emergency Kit - On-demand AV Scanners
- Manalyzer - PE File Scanner / GitHub
- YARA - Malware Identification Tool / GitHub
- Winitor - EXE Malware Assessment
- pyWhat - Identify Anything / Discord
- Grype - Container Images Vulnerability Scanner
- Jotti - Online File Scanner
- FileScan - Online File Scanner / GitHub
- Farbar / Guide - Local File Scanner
► Privacy
- ↪️ SMS Verification Sites
- ↪️ File Encryption
- ↪️ Drive Formatting / File Deletion
- ⭐ Tails / Telegram / GitHub, Whonix / Telegram / GitHub or Qubes / GitHub - Privacy-Based Operating Systems
- /r/Privacy, /r/TheHatedOne or /r/privatelife - Privacy Discussion, News & Tools
- O&O ShutUp10++ or W10Privacy - Privacy and Data Protection Tools
- Telemetry.md - Disable Windows 10/11 Telemetry
- Disable Recall - Disable Microsoft Recall on Windows 11
- Agent DVR / Subreddit, Frigate / GitHub, Smart Sec Cam or ZoneMinder / Discord / GitHub - Security Camera Systems
- Team Elite or Technet24 - Security Software / Translator
- YourDigitalRights - Get Organizations to Delete Your Personal Data
- Big Ass Data Broker Opt-Out List - List of Data Broker Opt-Out Resources
- Surfer Protocol - Multi-platform User Data Exporter / Discord / GitHub
- F-Secure Identity Theft Checker - Identity Theft Check
- PrivNote, SafeNote / GitHub, Burn.Link, ThisLinkWillSelfDestruct, s.cr, burnmynote or OneTimeSecret / GitHub - Send Self-Destructing Messages
- chausies encrypt / GitHub, Steg Cloak or spammimic - Send Encrypted Text
- HiddenVM - Run an Oracle VM on TailsOS
- SurveillanceWatch - Surveillance Company Connections
- If An Agent Knocks - Best Practices if Contacted by Agents
▷ Privacy Indexes
- ⭐ Privacy Guides - Educational Guide / GitHub
- ⭐ Digital Defense - Personal Checklist for Privacy & Security / GitHub
- ⭐ Surveillance Self-Defense - Educational Guide
- ⭐ The New Oil - Educational Guide / GitHub
- ⭐ No Trace - Educational Guide / .onion
- ⭐ The Hitchhiker’s Guide - Extensive Guide to Online Anonymity / GitHub
- Lissy93's Awesome Privacy / GitHub, Awesome Security Hardening or pluja's Awesome Privacy / GitHub - Privacy App / Service Lists
- Defensive Computing Checklist - Educational Guide
- OPSEC guide - Educational Guide
- Ken Harris - Educational Guide / Discord
- PrivSec - Educational Guide / GitHub
- AvoidTheHack - Educational Blog / GitHub
- Hostux - Privacy Tools / Git
- Privacy Settings - Privacy Setting Guides
- Privacy Not Included - Product Privacy Ratings
- EncryptedList - List of Encrypted Services/Apps
- Awesome Vehicle Security - Vehicle Security Resources
▷ Network Security
- ⭐ v2rayN - DIY Privacy Network
- ⭐ Safing Portmaster - Network Monitor / DNS Resolver / Firewall / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ DNSveil - DNS Client / Guide / GitHub
- I2P - Encrypted Private Network Layer / Guide / GitLab
- XrayUIGroup - DIY Privacy Network / Telegram
- Simplewall - Firewall
- Fort - Firewall
- WFC - Firewall
▷ Linux Privacy
▷ Mac Privacy
▷ Android Privacy
▷ iOS Privacy
► Web Privacy
- 🌐 Google Alt List, /r/degoogle or No More Google - Google App Alternatives
- ↪️ Chat Service Comparisons
- ↪️ Encrypted Messaging Apps / 2 / 3
- ↪️ Encrypted XMPP Servers
- ↪️ Encode / Decode URLs
- ⭐ PrivacySpy / GitHub or ToS;DR / Discord / GitHub - Sites Privacy Policies
- ⭐ JustDeleteMe - Find / Terminate Old Accounts / GitHub
- OpenPhish, Netcraft Report, isitPhishing, PhishStats / Telegram / GitHub or PhishTank - Report Phishing Sites
- DNS Jumper - DNS Switcher
- ssh-chat or Devzat - SSH Chat
- GPG Suite - Encrypt & Sign Data / Communications
- PeerTube - Decentralized Video Hosting / Tools / GitHub
- Redact - Delete X.com / Reddit Data / Discord
- tweetXer - Delete X.com Posts
- delete-likes-from-x-com.md - Delete X.com Likes / Favorites
- Power Delete Suite - Reddit Auto Post Delete
- Hyphanet - Browse / Publish Freenet Sites / GitHub
- mat2 - Remove Metadata from Files / Web Version
▷ Browser Privacy
- ↪️ Browser Comparisons
- ↪️ Android Privacy Browsers
- ⭐ Tor Browser, 2, 3 - Onion-Routed Browser
- ⭐ Tor Resources - TG Downloads / Telegram / .onion / GitLab / GitHub
- ⭐ Mullvad Browser - Tor Browser Fork (without Tor network) / GitHub
- ⭐ arkenfox - Firefox Privacy Tweak / Video / GUI
- LibreWolf - Pre-tweaked Firefox Fork / Auto-Updater / CodeBerg / Subreddit
- Brave Browser - Privacy Chromium Browser / Subreddit
- Encrypted SNI - Cloudflare Browser Check
▷ Password Privacy / 2FA
- 🌐 2FA Directory - List of Sites with 2FA Support / GitHub
- ↪️ Password Managers
- ⭐ Ente Auth - All Platforms 2FA / Discord / GitHub
- ⭐ Aegis - Android 2FA / GitHub
- ⭐ Stratum - Android 2FA / GitHub
- ⭐ Password Strength Chart / 2
- 2FAS - Android / iOS 2FA / Discord / GitHub
- Mauth - Android 2FA
- FreeOTPPlus - Android 2FA
- KeePassXC - Windows / Mac / Linux 2FA / Guide / GitHub
- AuthMe - Windows / Mac / Linux 2FA / GitHub
- Yubioath - Windows / Android 2FA / YubiKeys / GitHub
- OTPClient - Linux 2FA
- 2FAuth - Self-Hosted Web Based 2FA / GitHub
- Sentinel - Android / iOS / Mac 2FA
- OTP Auth - iOS 2FA
- Tofu - iOS 2FA / GitHub
- Authenticator - Generate Two-Factor QR Codes / GitHub
- OTP Helper - Extract OTP Tokens
- steamguard-cli - Generate Steam 2FA Codes
- PasswordsGenerator - Secure Password Generator
▷ Email Privacy
- ↪️ Temp Mail Sites - Create Temporary / Throwaway Emails
- ↪️ Email Aliasing - Create Permanent Anonymous Emails
- ⭐ Proton Mail - Encrypted Email / .onion / Subreddit / GitHub
- Tuta - Encrypted Email / Subreddit / GitHub
- Disroot - Encrypted Email
- DNMX - Onion Based Email
- Mailvelope - Give Emails PGP Encryption / GitHub
- Email Privacy Tester - Email Privacy Test / GitLab
- SecLists - Security Mailing List Archive
▷ Data Breach Monitoring
- ⭐ Have I Been Pwned? - Monitor Email Breaches
- ⭐ Have I Been Pwned Passwords - Password Breach Check
- FirefoxMonitor - Data Breach Check / GitHub
- BreachDirectory, Snusbase, Leak Lookup, Trufflehog / Discord / GitHub or LeakPeek / Discord - Data Breach Search Engines
- Intelligence X - Password Breach Check / GitHub
- psbdmp - Password Breach Check
- ScatteredSecrets - Password Breach Check
- BreachDetective - Password Breach Check
▷ Fingerprinting / Tracking
- ⭐ CanvasBlocker - Prevent Canvas Fingerprinting
- ⭐ CreepJS, webkay, browserrecon, TZP, Device Info, Cover Your Tracks or PersonalData - Tracking / Fingerprinting Tests
- ClearURLs - Remove Tracking Elements from URLs / Can Break Sites / GitHub / GitLab
- Webbkoll or Blacklight - Site Tracking Info
- Data Removal Guide - Remove Online Data
- GameIndustry - Block Trackers in Desktop / Mobile Games
- BrowserLeaks, Do I leak? or IPLeak.net - IP Leak Tests
- JShelter - Prevent Fingerprinting / Warning / Source Code
- Locale Switcher, 2 - Change Language Identifier / GitHub
- AnonymousRedirect - Anonymize Links
- Simple Opt Out - Turn off Targeted Ads / GitHub
- X.com Direct - Removes t.co Tracking from X.com
▷ Search Engines
- 🌐 Search Engine Party - Privacy Search Engine Comparisons / GitLab
- 🌐 Instance Scores or Searx Index - Searx Instance Indexes
- ⭐ FMHY Searx, searx.space / .onion or searx.be - SearXNG Instances / GitHub
- ⭐ DuckDuckGo - Own Crawler + Third Parties / Shortcuts, 2 / Subreddit
- Fuck Off Google, searx.neocities, nixnet or monocles - Searx Instances
- Whoogle - Whoogle Instance / Uses Google
- LibreY - Privacy Respecting Metasearch Engine
- 4get - Proxy Search Engine / Git
- Mojeek / Subreddit
- Qwant - Uses Bing (partially) / Discord
- Swisscows - Uses Bing
- YaCy - Decentralized / GitHub
- Startpage - Uses Google / Subreddit
- Brave Search - Private Search
- ekoru - Uses Bing
- Gibiru - Uses Google
- SearXNG - Self-Hosted / GitHub
- Whoogle - Uses Google / Self-Hosted
► VPN
- Note - For torrenting, it's recommended to use a paid rather than free VPN. Free VPNs are only really useful for things like viewing sites blocked by your ISP / country.
- 🌐 Techlore Chart - VPN Comparison Charts
- 🌐 VPN Relationships, 2 - VPN Relationship Chart
- ⭐ /r/VPNs - Discussion Forum
- ⭐ WARP - Free / Unlimited / Setup Guide / CLI / Mobile Client / Desktop Client
- ⭐ Windscribe - Has Free Plan / 10GB Monthly / Subreddit / GitHub
- ⭐ Proton VPN - No Torrenting with Free Plan / Unlimited / Config Generation / Subreddit / Telegram / GitHub
- ⭐ RiseupVPN - Free / Unlimited / Config CLI Script / GitHub
- ⭐ AirVPN - Paid / .onion / GitHub / GitLab
- Mullvad VPN - Paid / No-Logging / Port Warning / GitHub
- IVPN - Paid / No Logging / Port Warning / Subreddit / GitHub
- ESET VPN - Free / Unlimited
- PrivadoVPN - Free / 10GB Monthly / Unlimited Accounts via Temp Mail
- Bitmask - Free / Unlimited / GitLab, 2
▷ VPN Tools
- ↪️ Free VPN Configs
- ⭐ How to Bind VPN to Client - Bind VPN to Client to Avoid ISP Letters
- ⭐ WireGuard - VPN Tunnel / Setup Guide / Tools / Web UI / Source Code
- WGDashboard - WireGuard Manager / Discord / GitHub
- OpenVPN or tinc VPN / GitHub / GitLab - VPN Tunnels
- WireHole - WireGuard VPN with Adblocking Capabilities / Web UI
- VpnHood, IPsec VPN or Outline / Subreddit / GitHub - Self-Hosted VPNs
- Self Hosted VPN - Pi-Hole + WireGuard on Google Cloud
- OpenConnect - SSL VPN / GUI / GitLab
- Gluetun - Docker through VPN
- Pritunl - VPN Server / GitHub
- Algo VPN - Cloud VPN / GitHub
- Amnezia - Self-Hosted VPN / Subreddit / Telegram / GitHub
- VPN Hotspot - Share VPN Connection over Hotspot
► Proxy
▷ Proxy Apps
- Hola Proxy - Alternative Client for Hola Free Proxy Service
- Snowflake - Tor Proxy Browser Extension
- Censor Tracker / Telegram / GitHub, SmartProxy, FoxyProxy or ZeroOmega - Proxy Extensions
- Acrylic - Local DNS Proxy
- SimpleDnsCrypt or DNSCrypt / GitHub - Local DNS Encryption Proxy
- Blocky - DNS Proxy / GitHub
- Proxifier - Add Proxy Functionality to Apps / Keys
- wireproxy - WireGuard as Proxy
- Hiddify - Auto-Proxy Client / Telegram / GitHub
- Ultraviolet / GitHub or Nebula - Self-Hosted Proxy Sites
- Nginx Proxy Manager - Self-Hosted Proxy Server / Subreddit / GitHub
- 1337x Proxy - 1337x Proxy Guide / Example
- Titanium Network - Proxy Developer / Instances / GitHub
▷ Proxy Sites
- Note - Keep in mind many proxy sites log info like IP address, sites visited, etc. They're useful for unblocking sites, but not very useful for privacy.
- ↪️ Proxy Lists
- ↪️ Piracy Site Proxies
- ⭐ Alu / Discord
- Holy Unblocker / GitHub
- SSLSecureProxy, 2, 3
- Free Proxy, 2
- ProxyOf2
- Phantom
- Reflect4, CroxyProxy or Blockaway
- Delusionz
- ProxyPal / Telegram
- Proxyium
- Szvy Central, 2, 3, 4, 5
- Google Translate / Explanation, 2
- Proxy Checker, proxy-scraper or proxy-scraper-checker - Proxy Scrapers / Checkers
- CheckSocks5 - SOCKS5 Proxy Checker
▷ Anti-Censorship
- ⭐ Censorship Bypass Guide - Censorship Bypass Guide
- ⭐ No Thought is a Crime - Internet Censorship Discussion
- ⭐ zapret, GoodbyeDPI / GUI, PowerTunnel or Green Tunnel - DPI Circumvention Local Proxies
- Shadowsocks - Proxy Client and Self-Hosted Server / Free Servers, 2, 3 / GitHub
- Psiphon - Anti-Censorship Proxy / VPN / GitHub
- Lantern - Anti-Censorship Proxy / Slowed Past 250MB / GitHub
- FreeSocks - Shadowsocks Proxies / GitHub
- Hi!Load VPN - Censorship Resistant Proxies / 30GB per month / No Torrenting / Support
- Hysteria - Anti-Censorship Client and Self-Hosted Server / Telegram / GitHub
- Project X - Anti-Censorship Client and Self-Hosted Server / Telegram, 2
- sing-box - Anti-Censorship Client / Telegram / GitHub
-
@ ba3b4b1d:eadff0d3
2025-05-09 02:53:13https://img.freepik.com/premium-photo/unveiling-hidden-dimensions-minds-eye_889056-29604.jpg
A noção de que a consciência é holográfica — comparável a uma miragem ou a uma bolha reluzente — oferece uma maneira simples e profunda de compreender a mente, a alma e a vida. Este conceito, enraizado em sabedorias antigas como o budismo e ecoado na ciência moderna, sugere que a consciência resulta da interação entre a mente e um meio, tal como um holograma surge do entrelaçamento de feixes de luz. A introdução de dibbacakkhu, o “olho divino” da tradição budista, enriquece esta visão, conectando a percepção transcendente dos sonhos e da consciência à clarividência espiritual. Vamos explorar, combinando as suas analogias (água como antena, consciência como bolha) com clarificações e a relação com dibbacakkhu.
1. Consciência como Holograma
A consciência assemelha-se a um holograma: uma projeção tridimensional criada pela interferência de dois feixes de luz — um de referência e um refletido. Num holograma, estes feixes convergem para formar uma imagem que parece real, com profundidade, mas é intangível. Da mesma forma, a consciência é uma projeção da mente, não uma entidade física, mas uma experiência vívida que parece sólida. O termo sânscrito vijnana (consciência) reflete esta ideia como uma “luz perturbada” — uma interação dinâmica que gera uma realidade ilusória, semelhante a uma miragem. Esta perturbação é estruturada, como a luz coerente num holograma de laser. A mente é a fonte desta luz, projetando uma “bolha” de consciência, enquanto a água, como meio, facilita o processo, tal como uma placa fotográfica capta uma imagem holográfica. Analogia: Imagine a mente como uma gota de água com sabão. Sopre-lhe espírito, e surge uma bolha iridescente. Esta bolha é a consciência: bela, efémera e produto de uma interação. Tal como a bolha depende do ar e da película de sabão, a consciência requer a mente e um meio para se manifestar.
2. Água como Meio (A Antena da Vida)
A água é a “antena” que conjura a consciência, graças à sua estrutura molecular — dois átomos de hidrogénio e um de oxigénio (H₂O). A sua polaridade e rede de ligações de hidrogénio permitem-lhe armazenar e transmitir informação, como uma antena que capta um sinal de rádio. Esta propriedade torna a água essencial para a manifestação da vida, unindo espírito e matéria. A “quarta fase da água” de Gerald Pollack, ou água estruturada (zona de exclusão), reforça esta ideia. Perto de superfícies hidrofílicas, a água forma uma fase gelificada com propriedades elétricas e óticas únicas, que podem facilitar processos biológicos e, possivelmente, a interface entre mente e corpo. Na sua analogia, a água é a “geometria incomensurável” que sintoniza o sinal da alma na rádio do corpo. Analogia Refinada: Pense numa estação de rádio a emitir uma melodia (a alma) pelo éter. O sinal está em todo o lado e em lado nenhum, mas precisa de uma antena para ser ouvido. A água é essa antena — uma molécula simples que capta o sinal da alma, permitindo que a música da vida ecoe no corpo.
https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/public/journals/585/article_252151_cover_en_US.jpg
3. Sonhos, Dibbacakkhu e o Olho da Mente
Os sonhos são vívidos porque são projeções holográficas do “olho da mente”, um conceito que você ligou ao termo polinésio dbaku (olho celestial) e que ressoa com dibbacakkhu no budismo. Dibbacakkhu, ou “olho divino”, refere-se a uma visão clarividente que transcende os sentidos físicos, permitindo perceber realidades além do mundo material — como outros reinos, seres desencarnados ou eventos distantes. Nos sonhos, experimentamos uma versão desta visão: caminhamos por mundos completos sem olhos físicos, porque a mente projeta a sua própria realidade. Dibbacakkhu conecta-se à ideia de que a consciência holográfica não depende de órgãos sensoriais. No budismo, esta visão é um dos poderes espirituais (iddhi) alcançados através da meditação profunda, revelando a natureza ilusória da realidade (maya). Nos sonhos, todos nós acedemos a uma forma rudimentar deste “olho divino”, criando cenários que parecem mais reais que qualquer filme, porque a mente gera a sua própria luz e espaço. Esta capacidade é semelhante à percepção de seres desencarnados, que “veem” sem olhos físicos, usando uma consciência metafísica. Clarificação: O olho da mente, ou dibbacakkhu, não é um órgão literal, mas a faculdade da mente de projetar realidades autónomas. Em termos gregos, noos (intelecto divino) e, em sânscrito, citta (consciência pura) apontam para esta visão transcendente. Os sonhos são o laboratório da mente, onde dibbacakkhu se manifesta espontaneamente.
4. Consciência Transcendente vs. Existencial
Há duas formas de consciência: transcendente (noos, citta), que é eterna e ilimitada, e existencial, ligada ao corpo e temporal. A consciência transcendente é como um sinal de rádio, existindo independentemente de qualquer recetor. A consciência existencial surge quando este sinal se manifesta no corpo, como uma música que toca numa rádio. Quando o corpo morre, a consciência existencial termina, mas o sinal transcendente persiste. A água é o meio que possibilita esta união, atuando como uma antena que capta o sinal da alma. As suas propriedades, como a estruturação descrita por Pollack, tornam-na ideal para mediar entre o eterno e o temporal, ecoando ideias antigas, como as do Timeu de Platão, onde um terceiro elemento harmoniza espírito e matéria. Analogia: O corpo é uma rádio, frágil e temporária. A alma é o sinal, eterno e omnipresente. A água é a antena, sintonizando o sinal para criar a transmissão fugaz da vida. Desligue a rádio, e a música para, mas o sinal continua, pronto para outra antena.
5. Posse como Vulnerabilidade
<https://112.wpcdnnode.com/houseofbhakti.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/budha-being-tempted.jpg>
A posse ocorre quando uma “cavidade” no estado psicofísico de uma pessoa permite que uma entidade externa se instale, como um intruso numa casa desprotegida. Esta vulnerabilidade pode surgir de traumas (ex.: uma experiência de quase-morte), instabilidade emocional ou práticas espirituais arriscadas que “abrem uma janela”. A entidade, com maior força de vontade, pode dominar, coexistindo com a alma original, mas assumindo o controlo. A água, como meio da união mente-corpo, pode estar envolvida. Se os sistemas baseados em água do corpo (ex.: hidratação celular, bioeletricidade) forem perturbados, o “sinal” da alma pode enfraquecer, criando espaço para interferências. Analogia: O corpo é uma casa, a alma o proprietário. Se deixar a porta destrancada — por trauma ou descuido — um intruso pode entrar. Não é o dono, mas pode controlar a casa, a menos que tranque as portas com equilíbrio mental e espiritual.
6. Síntese: A Simplicidade da Natureza
Estas ideias são simples, mas profundas. A holografia cria espaço com luz, a consciência é uma bolha projetada pela mente, a água é a antena que conjura a vida, os sonhos revelam o dibbacakkhu, e a posse é um intruso evitável. Conceitos antigos como vijnana, noos, citta e dibbacakkhu alinham-se com a ciência moderna, como a água estruturada de Pollack, mostrando que a natureza é elegante na sua simplicidade.
-
@ 119356ac:740a8b90
2025-05-14 22:55:58Adblocking
How important is using an adblocker?
Piracy sites usually contain ads, some of which can be harmful, often leading to unwanted pages or fake download buttons. Real download buttons are usually small, and match the sites design, while fake ones are often big and eye-catching. It can be hard to tell them apart, so it's important to always have an adblocker.
For browsers we recommend uBO, and you can also use a Redirect Skipper to skip annoying countdowns.
For mobile AdGuard Premium / iOS / Guide or Rethink DNS, and you can block YouTube, Reddit, and X.com ads with ReVanced Manager / Easy Setup.
⚠️ Using several ad blockers, like uBO and Adguard at the same time can mess things up. This only happens with regular ad blockers, so it's perfectly okay to use uBO alongside something like SponsorBlock.
Browsers
Which web browser should I use?
We recommend Firefox, but you can also try Privacy-Focused Browsers or Brave if you prefer Chromium.
For Android we recommend Firefox, Brave or Cromite.
For iOS Orion, Brave or Safari + Adguard.
⚠️ We recommend looking through our Extension / Userscript sections to find ways to enhance your browser.
Movies / Shows
- Streaming: movie-web / Cineby / Hexa
- Torrenting: 1337x
- Sports Streaming: Streamed / Sportsurge
- Drama Streaming: KissAsian
- Track / Discover: Trakt / Simkl / Letterboxd
Anime
- Streaming: AnimeKai / Miruro / HiAnime
- Downloading: Tokyo Insider / Hi10Anime
- Torrenting: Nyaa / Miru
- Track / Discover: MyAnimeList / AniList
Music
- Streaming: SpotX / Custom YouTube Music
- Downloading: DoubleDouble / Soulseek
- Mobile: ReVanced Manager (Android) / OuterTune (Android) / EeveeSpotify (iOS)
- Track / Discover: Last.fm / RateYourMusic
Gaming
- Download / Torrent: FitGirl Repacks / SteamRIP
- Emulation / ROMs: Emulation Wiki / /r/ROMs Mega / Myrient
- Download Managers: JDownloader
- Track / Discover: Backloggd / Glitchwave
Reading
- Downloading: Anna's Archive / Library Genesis / Z-Library / Bookracy
- Audiobooks: AudiobookBay / Mobilism Audiobooks / Tokybook
- Manga: ComicK / Weeb Central / MangaDex
- Comics: ReadComicsOnline / GetComics
- Ebook Readers: Google Play Books / Koodo / Foxit + Warning
- Android Readers: Librera / Moon+ Reader / Readera
- Track / Discover: GoodReads (books) / MAL (manga) / LeagueOfComicGeeks (comics)
Antivirus
How can I safely scan files, and determine if detections are false positives?
Before installing any file, it's recommended to scan the setup / install with VirusTotal. If you're having trouble determining if something is a false positive, refer to the Scan Guide, or send it to us in Discord and we'll take a look for you.
⚠️ Most antivirus programs are unnecessary and can cause slow down. If you use trusted websites, Windows Defender should be all you need to stay safe, and you can run a Malwarebytes scan from time to time for extra protection.
Privacy
I don't have anything to hide, why should I care about privacy?
Privacy is about controlling your personal information, not just keeping things secret. Non-sensitive data is used by companies to track your behavior, target ads, and influence your choices.
For email privacy, we recommend Proton and for search SearX. It's also good to check sites like HaveIBeenPwned to make sure your info hasn't been part of any recent data breaches.
⚠️ It's best not to use your main email or password when you sign up for piracy sites. It's good to use a different password on every site you register for, that way if a breach happens, only the password for that one site is compromised. You can also use email aliasing.
⚠️ Keep in mind that it's never a good idea to upload personal or confidential files to any file host / cloud AI, even if they claim to be encrypted.
Windows Piracy
How can I download / activate Windows for free?
Download an ISO from Massgrave's Genuine Installation Media page, and follow the Clean Install Windows Guide to install it. After install, activate it with Microsoft Activation Scripts.
⚠️ Be aware that people have been known to steal from M0nkrus and upload altered versions of their apps that contain harmful elements. Always double-check that you're on the official site before downloading anything.
Torrenting
Do I need a VPN to torrent?
Downloading files through torrenting can cause issues with your ISP, so using a VPN is a must in most countries. You should also bind your VPN to your torrent client to avoid leaks from accidental disconnects. You can also use Remote Torrenting Services to avoid the need for a VPN altogether.
What is Port Forwarding? Do I need it?
Port forwarding (having an open port) is an essential part of torrenting and it's recommended to set it up. While it's not strictly needed, it benefits the swarm, can sometimes boost download speeds, and improves connectability for torrents with fewer seeds.
Android Apps
- Mobilism - Modded APKs
- Aurora Store - Alt App Store
- APKMirror - Untouched APKs
- Droid-ify - FOSS Android Apps
- Obtainium - Get Android App Updates
iOS Sideloading
- Sideloading Guide - Sideloading Guide
- TrollStore - Unlimited App Sideloading [iOS 14.0-17.0]
- SideStore - Sideloading App [iOS 14.0 & Above]
- Sideloadly - Sideload Apps [iOS 7.0 & Above]
- Feather - Sideload Apps with Paid Dev Cert [iOS 15 & Above]
Important Links
- Piracy Glossary - Common piracy term definitions
- Unsafe Sites / Software / 2 - Things we recommend avoiding
- Base64 Decoders / Auto Decode - Tools to decode encrypted base64 links
- FMHY.net - Our website with many more sites / tools
-
@ 502ab02a:a2860397
2025-05-09 01:07:20ถ้าย้อนกลับไป 50 ปีก่อน ถ้าเฮียถามคำนี้กับลุงชาวนาคนหนึ่ง เขาคงหัวเราะแล้วตอบแบบไม่ต้องคิดว่า “ก็เจ้าของที่นาไงไอ้ทิด จะมีใครล่ะ?”
แต่พอมาในวันนี้ ถ้าเฮียถามคำเดิมในซูเปอร์มาร์เก็ต คงไม่มีใครกล้าตอบแบบนั้นอีกแล้ว เพราะแค่ในชั้นวางโยเกิร์ตเดียวกัน เฮียอาจเห็นยี่ห้อต่างกัน 10 ยี่ห้อ แต่ทั้งหมดอาจเป็นของบริษัทแม่เพียงเจ้าเดียว
ในศตวรรษที่ 21 อาหารไม่ใช่ของคนทำอาหาร แต่มันกลายเป็นของ บริษัทผู้ครอบครองข้อมูล พันธุกรรม และระบบการกระจายสินค้า โลกวันนี้ไม่ได้มีเกษตรกรล้อมวงเคี้ยวหมาก แต่มีบริษัทเทคโนโลยีจับมือกับนักลงทุนระดับโลก ถือครองเมล็ดพันธุ์ เป็นเจ้าของสิทธิบัตรจุลินทรีย์ในลำไส้ และมีอำนาจเสนอว่า “อาหารแบบไหนควรได้รับเงินสนับสนุนจากรัฐ”
บริษัทเทคโนโลยีในซิลิคอนแวลลีย์บางแห่ง ไม่ได้แค่ผลิตซอฟต์แวร์อีกต่อไป แต่เริ่มทำ "อาหารจากโค้ด" โปรตีนสังเคราะห์ที่ได้จากการแทรกยีน หรือแม้แต่ “อาหารจากคาร์บอนในอากาศ” ที่สร้างโดย AI เขาไม่ได้ปลูกข้าว แต่เขาเขียนสูตรให้เครื่องจักรสร้างอาหารในถัง
ใครมีสิทธิบัตร…คนนั้นคือเจ้าของ ใครควบคุมข้อมูลสุขภาพ…คนนั้นคือนายทุนแห่งความหิว และใครสามารถชี้นิ้วให้รัฐบาลเปลี่ยนนโยบายอาหารโรงเรียน…คนนั้นคือเจ้าของอนาคตของเด็กทั้งประเทศ
มันฟังดูเวอร์ใช่ไหม? แต่ลองดูดี ๆ…ใครเป็นเจ้าของฟาร์มหมู ฟาร์มไก่ โรงฆ่าสัตว์? หลายแห่งไม่ได้เป็นของชาวบ้านอีกต่อไป แต่เป็นของเครือบริษัทยักษ์ใหญ่ที่อยู่เบื้องหลังทั้งอาหารในซูเปอร์ และเม็ดวิตามินในกระปุกเฮียด้วย
ยิ่งไปกว่านั้น เจ้าของตัวจริงไม่ได้อยู่ในร้านของชำ แต่ซ่อนตัวอยู่ในบอร์ดบริหารบริษัทเกษตรข้ามชาติ ในเวทีประชุมเศรษฐกิจโลก และในห้องประชุมที่ตัดสินว่า “อาหารจากวัว” ควรถูกเก็บภาษีคาร์บอนเพิ่มหรือไม่
เมื่อก่อนเฮียเคยคิดว่า ถ้าเราปลูกผักเอง ก็คุมอาหารตัวเองได้ แต่พอระบบเริ่มขับไล่เมล็ดพันธุ์ดั้งเดิมให้สูญพันธุ์ ถ้าไม่มีใบอนุญาตปลูกพืช GMO หรือไม่มีเงินซื้อปุ๋ยจากบริษัทเดียวที่ยังอยู่รอด เกษตรกรจะเป็นเจ้าของอะไรกันแน่?
และคำว่า “อาหารอิสระ” ในยุคนี้ อาจไม่ใช่แค่การไม่พึ่งพาซูเปอร์ แต่มันคือ “การตื่นรู้ว่าใครเป็นคนจัดเกม และใครเป็นคนตั้งกฎ”
เพราะในยุคที่ทุกอย่างแปรรูปเป็นดิจิทัล แม้แต่อาหารก็อาจมีเจ้าของเพียงไม่กี่ราย และสิ่งที่น่ากลัวกว่าผูกขาด…คือการ “ผูกอนาคต” ของเราทั้งมื้อ
#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr
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@ c9badfea:610f861a
2025-05-09 00:06:23- Install LibreTorrent (it's free and open source)
- Search for torrents on various sources (see links below)
- Copy the torrent's 🧲️ Magnet Link
- Open LibreTorrent, tap the + icon, and select Add Link
- Paste the magnet link and tap Add
- The app will display the torrent's details and files; tap the ✓ icon to start the download
Some Sources
ℹ️ Magnet links start with
magnet:?
ℹ️ Tapping a magnet link usually opens LibreTorrent automatically
⚠️ Using a VPN is strongly recommended
-
@ 979ab082:dedeefb6
2025-05-14 21:56:32⚠️ Disclaimer: This article is provided for educational purposes only. The software and tools described are intended for testing, simulation, and blockchain research. @crypptrcver is not responsible for any misuse.
💡 What Is Flash Bitcoin? Flash Bitcoin refers to a spoofed BTC transaction that appears instantly in a wallet but is not confirmed on the blockchain. It is a temporary, visual transaction used for simulations, testing, or demonstrating wallet behavior.
🔍 Flash Bitcoin Meaning: BTC appears in the recipient wallet balance. It disappears after a set number of blocks or minutes. Not confirmed by miners, not spendable. Used in demos, stress tests, or simulated “proof of funds”. Flash BTC is also called:
Flash Bitcoin sender Flash BTC software Flash Bitcoin APK (mobile version) 💽 Flash Bitcoin Software — What It Does Flash Bitcoin software lets you:
Send unconfirmed BTC to any wallet (SegWit, Legacy, etc.) Choose expiry time (e.g. 20 minutes or 6 blocks) Configure amount, transaction speed, and delay Simulate flash bitcoin transactions that display as real Popular for:
Blockchain app testing Wallet balance simulation Flashing BTC to cold wallets or watch-only addresses Versions like Flash Bitcoin Sender APK also exist for Android, making it easy to simulate transfers on mobile wallets like Electrum or Trust Wallet.
🛠️ Key Features of Flash Bitcoin Sender: FeatureDescriptionFlash BTC balanceAppears instantly in walletExpiry optionsDisappears after blocks/timeOffline mode supportSend from private environmentsFlash Bitcoin APKAvailable for Android useFlash Bitcoin priceVaries by volume and license type
🚀 How to Flash Bitcoin (Step-by-Step) ✅ Install Flash BTC software or APK ✅ Enter the receiving wallet address ✅ Set BTC amount (e.g. 0.5 BTC) ✅ Choose expiration (e.g. 30 mins) ✅ Send — transaction appears instantly in the target wallet Note: The transaction is visible but will never confirm on-chain. It vanishes after a set delay.
⚡ What Is Flash USDT? Flash USDT is a spoofed USDT (Tether) transaction that mimics a legitimate token transfer. Like flash BTC, it appears in the wallet without a real blockchain confirmation, then disappears after a time or network rejection.
Flash USDT Basics: Works on TRC20, ERC20, and BEP20 Appears in Trust Wallet, MetaMask, Binance Smart Chain wallets Often referred to as: Flash USDT wallet Atomic Flash USDT Flash USDT Binance spoof 🔧 Flash USDT Use Cases: Simulate “proof of funds” Show fake USDT deposits in investor training Flash USDT for Binance wallet tests 💼 Flash Software Options: Bitcoin vs USDT FeatureFlash BitcoinFlash USDTCurrencyBTCUSDTWallet typeLegacy/SegWitTRC20, ERC20, BEP20Disappear timingBy block or timerTime-based (20–60 mins)Spendable?❌ No❌ NoConfirmed?❌ Never confirms❌ Never confirms
Both tools are simulation-only and should never be used to deceive others.
📱 Flash Bitcoin Sender for Android Looking to flash on mobile?
The Flash Bitcoin APK is the easiest way to send spoofed BTC from your Android phone. It’s designed for:
On-the-go wallet testing Real-time balance visualizations Lightweight operation for mobile testing labs ⚠️ Warning: Never Use Flash Transactions for Fraud Flash BTC and Flash USDT tools are not real money. They cannot be sent, traded, or withdrawn. Using them in real marketplaces, to deceive vendors, or for financial gain is illegal and traceable.
Use only in:
Environments you control Simulation labs Wallet development or education 📞 Ready to Get Started? To purchase Flash Bitcoin tools, Flash USDT packages, or the sender software:
💬 Telegram: @crypptrcver 📱 WhatsApp: +1 941 217 1821
Custom builds, APK delivery, and live testing support available.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions What is flash bitcoin? A temporary BTC transaction that appears in the wallet balance without being confirmed.
How to flash bitcoin? Use flash BTC software or APK, input wallet address, choose amount and expiry, then send.
What is flash bitcoin sender APK? A mobile version of the flash sender that allows you to simulate BTC deposits on Android.
How to buy flash USDT? Contact @crypptrcver for Flash USDT packages tailored to TRC20, ERC20, or BEP20 wallets. Is flash bitcoin or flash usdt real? No — both are for testing and do not exist on the blockchain permanently.
🧠 Final Thoughts In 2025, Flash Bitcoin and Flash USDT have become critical tools for developers, security researchers, and crypto educators. If you’re looking to explore blockchain simulations safely and responsibly, these tools offer unmatched realism — without actual crypto movement.
🔗 Contact to get started:
💬 Telegram: @crypptrcver 📱 WhatsApp: +1 941 217 1821
⚠️ Disclaimer: This article is provided for educational purposes only. The software and tools described are intended for testing, simulation, and blockchain research. @crypptrcver is not responsible for any misuse.
💡 What Is Flash Bitcoin?
Flash Bitcoin refers to a spoofed BTC transaction that appears instantly in a wallet but is not confirmed on the blockchain. It is a temporary, visual transaction used for simulations, testing, or demonstrating wallet behavior.
🔍 Flash Bitcoin Meaning:
- BTC appears in the recipient wallet balance.
- It disappears after a set number of blocks or minutes.
- Not confirmed by miners, not spendable.
- Used in demos, stress tests, or simulated “proof of funds”.
Flash BTC is also called:
- Flash Bitcoin sender
- Flash BTC software
- Flash Bitcoin APK (mobile version)
💽 Flash Bitcoin Software — What It Does
Flash Bitcoin software lets you:
- Send unconfirmed BTC to any wallet (SegWit, Legacy, etc.)
- Choose expiry time (e.g. 20 minutes or 6 blocks)
- Configure amount, transaction speed, and delay
- Simulate flash bitcoin transactions that display as real
Popular for:
- Blockchain app testing
- Wallet balance simulation
- Flashing BTC to cold wallets or watch-only addresses
Versions like Flash Bitcoin Sender APK also exist for Android, making it easy to simulate transfers on mobile wallets like Electrum or Trust Wallet.
🛠️ Key Features of Flash Bitcoin Sender:
FeatureDescriptionFlash BTC balanceAppears instantly in walletExpiry optionsDisappears after blocks/timeOffline mode supportSend from private environmentsFlash Bitcoin APKAvailable for Android useFlash Bitcoin priceVaries by volume and license type
🚀 How to Flash Bitcoin (Step-by-Step)
- ✅ Install Flash BTC software or APK
- ✅ Enter the receiving wallet address
- ✅ Set BTC amount (e.g. 0.5 BTC)
- ✅ Choose expiration (e.g. 30 mins)
- ✅ Send — transaction appears instantly in the target wallet
Note: The transaction is visible but will never confirm on-chain. It vanishes after a set delay.
⚡ What Is Flash USDT?
Flash USDT is a spoofed USDT (Tether) transaction that mimics a legitimate token transfer. Like flash BTC, it appears in the wallet without a real blockchain confirmation, then disappears after a time or network rejection.
Flash USDT Basics:
- Works on TRC20, ERC20, and BEP20
- Appears in Trust Wallet, MetaMask, Binance Smart Chain wallets
- Often referred to as:
- Flash USDT wallet
- Atomic Flash USDT
- Flash USDT Binance spoof
🔧 Flash USDT Use Cases:
- Simulate “proof of funds”
- Show fake USDT deposits in investor training
- Flash USDT for Binance wallet tests
💼 Flash Software Options: Bitcoin vs USDT
FeatureFlash BitcoinFlash USDTCurrencyBTCUSDTWallet typeLegacy/SegWitTRC20, ERC20, BEP20Disappear timingBy block or timerTime-based (20–60 mins)Spendable?❌ No❌ NoConfirmed?❌ Never confirms❌ Never confirms
Both tools are simulation-only and should never be used to deceive others.
📱 Flash Bitcoin Sender for Android
Looking to flash on mobile?
The Flash Bitcoin APK is the easiest way to send spoofed BTC from your Android phone. It’s designed for:
- On-the-go wallet testing
- Real-time balance visualizations
- Lightweight operation for mobile testing labs
⚠️ Warning: Never Use Flash Transactions for Fraud
Flash BTC and Flash USDT tools are not real money. They cannot be sent, traded, or withdrawn. Using them in real marketplaces, to deceive vendors, or for financial gain is illegal and traceable.
Use only in:
- Environments you control
- Simulation labs
- Wallet development or education
📞 Ready to Get Started?
To purchase Flash Bitcoin tools, Flash USDT packages, or the sender software:
💬 Telegram: @crypptrcver\ 📱 WhatsApp: +1 941 217 1821
Custom builds, APK delivery, and live testing support available.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What is flash bitcoin?
A temporary BTC transaction that appears in the wallet balance without being confirmed.
How to flash bitcoin?
Use flash BTC software or APK, input wallet address, choose amount and expiry, then send.
What is flash bitcoin sender APK?
A mobile version of the flash sender that allows you to simulate BTC deposits on Android.
How to buy flash USDT?
Contact @crypptrcver for Flash USDT packages tailored to TRC20, ERC20, or BEP20 wallets.
Is flash bitcoin or flash usdt real?
No — both are for testing and do not exist on the blockchain permanently.
🧠 Final Thoughts
In 2025, Flash Bitcoin and Flash USDT have become critical tools for developers, security researchers, and crypto educators. If you’re looking to explore blockchain simulations safely and responsibly, these tools offer unmatched realism — without actual crypto movement.
🔗 Contact to get started:
💬 Telegram: @crypptrcver\ 📱 WhatsApp: +1 941 217 1821
-
@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2025-05-08 22:57:55Using a discussion style post to get better formatting on the nostr cross-post.
The Fed Leaves Fed Funds Rate at 4.5% as Economic Storm Clouds Gather
by Ryan McMaken
The Fed is now hemmed in by a rising risk of stagflation. It doesn’t know where the economy is headed, or is unwilling to take a position. At this point, “hope for the best” is Fed policy.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/975059
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@ 1c19eb1a:e22fb0bc
2025-05-08 21:55:46If you haven't noticed already, #Nostr is a little different from what most people are used to. One of the ways this is felt most acutely is with media hosting. Users are accustomed to uploading their images and videos directly through the app they are posting from. Many Nostr apps provide that same experience nowadays, but it wasn't always the case.
Just a couple years ago, users had to find somewhere to host their media separately, and then copy and paste the URL into their note whenever they wanted to share their cat pictures. One of the first, if not the first, media hosting services specifically intended for Nostr was nostr:npub1nxy4qpqnld6kmpphjykvx2lqwvxmuxluddwjamm4nc29ds3elyzsm5avr7, which will be the service we are reviewing today.
Like our previous review of Amber, Nostr.Build is a service for users to pair with other Nostr apps. You won't generally use nostr:npub1nxy4qpqnld6kmpphjykvx2lqwvxmuxluddwjamm4nc29ds3elyzsm5avr7 by itself. Rather, you'll use it to host that incredible shot you want to post to #Olas, or to host screenshots for your long-form tutorial about setting up Nostr Wallet Connect that you'll be posting from #Habla.news, or for hosting a hilarious video of your cat falling asleep to nostr:npub1cj8znuztfqkvq89pl8hceph0svvvqk0qay6nydgk9uyq7fhpfsgsqwrz4u's voice and taking a tumble off of his favorite perch that you want to share on #Damus. However, there are some features within Nostr.Build that you may want to check out quite apart from using it with any other Nostr app.
Overall Impression
Score: 4.8 / 5
I have been impressed by Nostr.Build for some time now, but they have pulled out all the stops in their latest update, increasing their maximum file size for free accounts to 100MB, integrating the #Blossom protocol, adding the ability to share directly to Nostr from within your dashboard, and more integrations with other Nostr apps than ever before. Nostr.Build is simply a pleasure to use, whether through their web interface, or through another Nostr app that integrates with them.
With the ability to easily organize your media, view statistics, browse the media gallery of free uploads, metadata removal for increased privacy, and AI image generation, Nostr.Build is not simply a media hosting service, it is a full-fledged media management platform. Its robust features keep it well ahead of other Nostr-focused media hosting options available, and a particularly strong option for those using Blossom and wanting redundancy and reliable uptime for their media.
As much as I enjoy using the web interface, though, where Nostr.Build really shines is their integrations with other Nostr apps. These integrations allow users to have the same experience they are accustomed to from centralized social platforms of uploading their media from within the same app they are using to share it. No copy/pasting a URL from one app to another. In fact, many users may not realize they have been using Nostr.Build in their client of choice, simply because it is the default option for media hosting for many Nostr apps.
This has the added benefit to client developers that they can provide this experience to their users without having to run media hosting infrastructure on top of trying to build their app. The separation of relays, clients, and media hosting between different entities, while keeping a similar experience to centralized platforms where a single company controls all three, is critical to Nostr adoption.
Features
Nostr.Build has a plethora of features beyond simply hosting your media. Let's take a look!
AI Image Generation
Do you need a quick title image for a long-form article? How about inspiration for a logo or art piece? Nostr.Build's AI Studio has you covered.
They have provided a few different models based on the plan you purchase, beginning with the Professional plan, which includes SDXL-Lightning and Stable Diffusion 1. Upgrading to the Creator plan will give you access to all Pro Stable Diffusion models and unlimited use of the Flux.1 model, which is the same core model used for Grok2 images.
I personally have a Professional account, so I haven't had a chance to try out Flux.1, but I have used Stable Diffusion extensively for creating character art for #NostrHeroes characters, such as these:
Nothing too spectacular when compared with some of the newer models out there, and there is no image-to-image support (yet), but more than adequate for casual image generation needs. Moreover, it is far more than what one would expect from a simple media-hosting service.
Admittedly, I am also no expert at coaxing AI models to produce anything remarkable so your results may vary. Either way, image generation is a welcome tool to have available without needing to go to an outside service unless you require something very specific.
Upload Limits
The maximum file size limits on Nostr.Build have been getting progressively larger, even for their free service. As I recall, it was a mere 21MB limit per file just a few months ago, which is fine for image files, but is quickly exceeded with videos. Then they increased their limits to 50MB per file, and as of recent updates it has been increased once more to a whopping 100MB per file... for free! This is more than adequate for most uses.
However, free users' images, GIFs, and videos are automatically viewable via Nostr.Build's free media gallery. This is something to particularly bear in mind when uploading images you intend to share via direct message. Though your DMs are encrypted, the images uploaded to Nostr.Build are not, and if you don't have a paid account, they will be viewable to the all paid users in the free media gallery. If you want to upload images that will not be viewable unless you actively share them, you must have a paid account.
Paid accounts have no file size limit, but they do have a total storage limit. I could not find anything about total storage limits for free accounts, but Professional tier will give you 25GB, Creator 50GB, and Advanced 250GB. Uploads to paid accounts are not visible in the free media gallery, so only those you give the link to will be able to access your content.
Media Types
Many file types are supported by Nostr.Built, even for free users, including:
- Image: .jpg, .png, .gif
- Video: .mov, mp4
- Audio: mp3, .wav
Upgrading to the Professional plan will add .pdf and .svg to the list of permitted file types, and upgrading to Creator or above will add .zip files, as well.
I believe other common file types are also supported, but these are the only ones specifically mentioned on the site.
Free Media Gallery
The free media gallery is an interesting little feature that Nostr.Build has available to paid accounts. Free users can get a preview, such as the one below, but only paid users can browse through the millions of uploads made by free users.
Apart from being amusing to browse through the things people have been uploading, I am unsure of how useful this particular feature is. No indication is given as to who uploaded the media, and it is limited compared to media feeds in other Nostr apps in two important ways. First, it only shows media uploaded to Nostr.Build, while other media-focused Nostr apps, such as Slidestr, Lumina, or even Primal will show media posted by all Nostr users. Second, Nostr.Build's gallery doesn't show all uploads to Nostr.Build, but only uploads from those without a paid account, further limiting the scope of whose uploads are seen.
Paid users have the advantage of being able to upload media that is not viewable to anyone unless they intentionally share the link somewhere. Free users, on the other hand, must be aware that their uploads are viewable by any paid users, whether they shared the link anywhere or not.
One incident I had while testing out another app required me to reach out to Nostr.Build support to request deletion of an image. It had some of my personal information in it, and had been uploaded to Nostr.Build and sent to me via DM. The sender assumed that since it was being sent via DM, no one else would be able to see the image, but because he was not a paid user of Nostr.Build, the image was included in the Free Media Gallery for any paid user to see. Not ideal, but the folks at Nostr.Build were quick to get it deleted for me.
In short, I have mixed feelings about this particular feature.
Blossom
Blossom is a media storage and retrieval protocol built for Nostr, but usable with any application that needs to access media via the web, and Nostr.Build has recently added support for Blossom uploads via their Blossom server: blossom.band
I will likely be adding a Nostrversity article going over Blossom in detail in the near future, but here's the basics of what it makes possible:
First, easy integration for media uploading from your favorite Nostr apps. Amethyst, Coracle, Primal and others have added Blossom upload support, so you just have to hop into your settings and add Nostr.Build's Blossom server address to start using it as your media host. No need to go to a separate app to upload your media and copy/paste the URL into your Nostr note!
Second, your media in Blossom is content addressable. This means it is named based on a hash of its actual data. Because of this, you can verify that the media has not been altered or replaced by your media host. If the hash doesn't match the data, it won't be loaded by the Nostr client, so you never have to worry about the image in your note being replaced by a different image by your media host.
Finally, because your media is addressable by its content, you can save the same media to multiple hosts, and if one of them goes down, Nostr apps can fetch your media from other hosts, just like they can do with your notes by fetching them from different relays if one relay you write to is down. This makes your images and videos much harder to censor, since you would need to be banned by multiple Blossom servers for your media to no longer be accessible.
If you would like to upload media to more than one Blossom server at the same time, your options are currently to use Primal and ensure that your settings have "Enable media mirrors" toggled on, or to use Bouquet. Hopefully we will see this option added to more Nostr apps in the near future.
Metadata Stripping
For files uploaded via Nostr.Build's dashboard, location metadata is removed upon upload. This is to protect user privacy, since this data could be used to reveal your home address if it is left attached to images posted publicly on Nostr.
When uploading via Blossom, media containing location metadata will be rejected. The user will be required to remove the metadata before they can upload the media.
No KYC and No Ads Policy
The only form of identification needed to use Nostr.Build is your Nostr identity. Every upload is tied to your npub, but no name, date of birth, email, or other identifying information is required. This is made possible because Nostr.Build only accepts Bitcoin as payment for their accounts, and no KYC is required to make Bitcoin transactions via Lightning.
Additionally, Nostr.Build is philosophically opposed to targeted advertising, so they have a policy that they will never use ads on their hosting service.
Client Integrations
Even before Blossom, Nostr.Build had many Nostr clients that used it as the default media hosting service, allowing users to upload directly within the app. This has only expanded now that Nostr.Build has added Blossom.
A very non-exhaustive list of clients that integrate with Nostr.Build is listed on their site, and includes Damus, Amethyst, Nostrudel, Snort, Iris, Coracle, Flycat, and Yakihonne. Additional apps that support Nostr.Build via Blossom include Primal and Flotilla. Some of these integrations support both Blossom and NIP-96 options for uploading media, such as Amethyst, while others only support one or the other.
I would not be surprised to see more and more Nostr apps move to integrating Blossom and phasing out NIP-96 support. Either way, though, Nostr.Build currently supports both, and is therefore an excellent hosting option if you want to use it with a wide range of Nostr apps.
Media Statistics
For those with a paid account, Nostr.Build provides information about how often each of your uploads has been requested and viewed within a given time period.
This can be valuable information for content creators, so they can determine what content is resonating with their audience, and what times of day their posts get the most views.
This information can currently be viewed for a maximum period of three months prior to the current date, and as short a period as just the past hour.
Can My Grandma Use It?
Score: 4.7 / 5
Nostr.Build is incredibly easy to use if you have a paid account, or if you are a free user uploading to Nostr.Build through a client that integrates with them by default. Previous frictions encountered by free users trying to upload large files should now be few and far between, thanks to the generous 100MB size limit.
Where things may be a bit more involved is when users are trying to set up media hosting on Nostr apps that don't use Nostr.Build by default. Exactly where in the settings the user must go to set this up, and whether to use the Blossom or NIP-96 address may not be immediately apparent, and requires an understanding of the difference that the user may not possess. This is not the fault of Nostr.Built, though, and I have not taken it into consideration in the scoring. Each individual Nostr app's settings should be as easy to understand as possible.
Another point of friction may come from free users who want to upload directly through the Nostr.Build site, instead of via another Nostr app. This used to be possible without logging in, but in an effort to ensure the service was used for Nostr, and not for general media hosting, Nostr.Build added the requirement to log in.
Thankfully, there are plenty of login options, including npub and password, browser extension (NIP-07), and even via a one-time-code sent to you via Nostr DM. However, if you don't have a paid account already, logging in will prompt you to upgrade. It seems that uploading directly via the website has been removed for free users entirely. You can only upload via another Nostr app if you don't have a paid account. This may lead to confusion for users who don't want to pay for an account, since it isn't made apparent anywhere that uploading through the website isn't an option for them.
Additionally, I would like to see the addresses for the Blossom server and for NIP-96 uploads (unless they are being phased out) added to the main page somewhere. Even selecting the "Blossom" page from the site navigation doesn't make clear what needs to be done to utilize the service. Something as simple as, "To use Nostr.Build with your favorite Blossom compatible Nostr apps, just add https://blossom.band as your media host in the app settings," would be enough to point users in the right direction.
For those who do have paid accounts, the dashboard is easy to navigate and organize your media.
By default, all uploads are added to the Main Folder. Users can leave them there, or they can easily create new folders and drag and drop media to organize it.
Every image has a copy/paste clipboard icon for ready access to copy the media URL for inclusion into a Nostr note.
Additionally, Nostr.Build allows users to share their uploaded media to Nostr directly from the dashboard. Bear in mind, though, this is published to a set of popular relays, without taking into account the user's preferred write relays.
The section just below the user's profile information gives an at-a-glance view of important information, such as how much of the user's allotted storage has been used, how many AI Studio credits are available, how many days are left before their paid account must be renewed, and how many files from three major categories — GIFs, images, and videos — have been uploaded.
Uploading directly to the dashboard is also incredibly easy. You can simply drag and drop files into the upload pane, or browse for them. If you have a URL for the media you want to upload, you can even paste it to import from another website or Blossom server.
Anything I could think of that I might want to do in the interface was intuitive to find, well labeled, or had common and easily identified icons.
How do UI look?
Score: 4.7 / 5
I would describe Nostr.Build's UI as clean and utilitarian, which is what one would expect from a media hosting service. Nothing too flashy. Just what you need and nothing you don't.
We certainly like our purple color-schemes on Nostr, and Nostr.Build leans into that with white text on shades of purple backgrounds, along with occasional color-popping accents. If a Nostr client had made the same color choices, I might be a bit more critical, but it works in an app that users won't be spending a ton of time in, except while managing their media, or using the AI Studio to generate some images.
UI elements such as buttons, active folder indicators, and icons all maintain an attractive, and simple design, with rounded corners wherever appropriate. Nothing looks too busy or overbearing, and the spacing between image previews in the folder view is just right.
Font remains consistent throughout the interface, with no jarring changes, and bold text, in white or another contrasting color, is used appropriately to draw attention, while subdued text is rendered in a light purple to blend more with the background, while remaining readable.
As such, the UI is attractive, without being particularly breathtaking. Nothing to complain about, but also nothing to write home about.
Log In Options
Score: 4.8 / 5
As mentioned previously, Nostr.Build provides three ways a user can log in.
The first should be very familiar for any Nostr user who frequents web clients, and that is by use of a browser extension (NIP-07), such as Alby, Nos2x, or Gooti. Note, this will also work if you are on Android and using KeyChat's browser, which has a NIP-07 signer built in.
Next is the legacy login method for Nostr.Build that they have used since the service first launched, which is via npub and password. This should serve to remind you that even though Nostr.Build supports Nostr login, and can post your images to Nostr for you, it's really just a centralized media hosting service. Just like you wouldn't use only one Nostr relay, you should not use just one media host. Mirror your media to other Blossom servers.
Most intriguing, and one I had not seen used before, is the option to use your npub and have a one-time-code sent to you via Nostr DM. I tested this method out and it worked flawlessly. It is unfortunately using the old NIP-04 DM spec, though, so any clients that have deprecated these DMs will not work for receiving the code. We're in a strange place with Nostr DMs currently, with some clients deprecating NIP-04 DMs in favor of NIP-17, others that still only support NIP-04, and a few that support both. If you don't see the DM in your client of choice, hop over to Primal and check your DMs there in the "other" tab.
Since Nostr.Build is supporting Nostr login, I would like to see them add remote signer (NIP-46) login alongside browser extension login to round out the options expected from a Nostr web app.
Feature Set
Score: 4.8 / 5
The features provided by Nostr.Build all work as expected and provide a lot of value to the user. With only one exception, all of the features make sense for a media hosting and management service to provide, and they are adding more features all the time.
Users not only get a reliable hosting service, with excellent uptime for their media, but they get integrations with most Nostr clients I can think of, Blossom protocol support, media organization and statistics, posting media to Nostr from within the dashboard, metadata stripping for enhanced privacy, a wide range of supported file types, and an AI image generation studio! What's more, there are additional features already on the roadmap, including traditional and AI image editing, additional plan options, expandable storage, and video transcoding for optimized playback. Nostr.Build is just getting started and they already offer more than most media hosting services out there, intended for Nostr or otherwise.
The one feature I am still not sold on is the "Free Media Gallery." The name is misleading. The gallery itself is not free. You must have a paid account to access more than a preview of it. Rather, it displays media uploaded by free users, regardless of whether they uploaded that media to send via DM, or uploaded it but decided not to share it out, or uploaded it to post it only within a private group on Flotilla, or uploaded it and only sent the note with the image link to a private relay.
Moreover, if I want to see media that has been shared on Nostr, there are plenty of ways I can do so that I can be confident only include media users intended to be publicly viewable. This feature from Nostr.Build, if it is kept at all, should have some way of ensuring the gallery only includes images that were shared on public relays.
Pricing
Score: 5 / 5
The pricing structure for Nostr.Build is exceptionally reasonable when compared with other services.
The Professional plan, which is their lowest paid tier, is just 69,000 sats a year. At current price, that translates to around $70 for the year, and Nostr.Build has been known to lower their pricing as Bitcoin goes up. Users can also get a 10% or 20% discount if they buy 2 or 3 years at a time, compensating for the fact that Bitcoin tends to go up year over year.
For that cost, users get 25GB of storage, unlimited file size for uploads within that storage cap, and access to all of Nostr.Build's features mentioned in this review, with the exception of their highest end AI models and storage of certain file types.
If I were to set up my own VPS to host a Blossom server with comparable storage, I would be paying around $14 a month before the cost of the domain, and it would be anything but plug and play. Even then, all I would have is storage. I would be missing out on all of the other features Nostr.Build has out of the box for less than half the price.
The Creator plan is close to double the cost at 120,000 sats, or about $120, a year. However, you aren't just getting double the storage space at 50GB; you are also getting double the AI credits, access to the higher tier AI models, S3 backup for all of your media, and your own Creator page you can share out with your media available for others to browse in one location.
The Advanced plan doesn't add a lot of extra features for more than double the price of the Creator plan, but it MASSIVELY increases your storage limit by 5x to a total of 250GB. Comparable storage space on a VPS to run your own Blossom server would be about $100 a month and Nostr.Build is offering it for about $250 (250,000 sats) for a whole year! If you really need to host that much media, it's hard to beat this price. The plan also comes with a Nostr.Build NIP-05 address, if you need one.
Now, the argument can be made, "But it's priced in sats, and that means in four years I will have spent many times that dollar amount on their service, possibly making it more expensive than other services priced in fiat." While that is true, it also doesn't take opportunity cost into account. Every dollar you spend on something other than Bitcoin is a missed opportunity to have bought Bitcoin with it. There's not really any difference between spending $70 in fiat to buy a hosting plan vs spending 69,000 sats, because you could have used that same $70 to buy Bitcoin instead, so you are losing out on that increase in purchasing power either way.
Not to mention, you can just buy the sats with your fiat and send it to Nostr.Build, so you would effectively be buying your plan with fiat, and they would be receiving sats.
I think Satellite.earth is still technically less expensive at just $0.05 per GB per month, which comes to $15 a year for the same 25GB of Nostr.Build's professional plan. However, all you get is media hosting. You miss out on all of the other features provided by Nostr.Build. And if you are uploading files of 100MB or less... Well, free with Nostr.Build is still cheaper than $0.5 per GB.
Wrap Up
All of the above comes together to make Nostr.Build a versatile and full-featured media hosting and management service at an affordable price point for their paid accounts, but with no need to pay at all if you just want a place to upload photos, GIFs, memes, and even some videos, so long as the file size stays under 100MB. Whether you want to use Nostr.Build as your primary media host, or as just one redundancy in your Blossom set up, they have you covered and I encourage you to check them out!
For the next review, I would like to go with another client, this time for the web, and the two options I am debating between are Coracle.social and Jumble.social. Let me know in the comments which you would like to see!
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@ b04082ac:29b5c55b
2025-05-08 14:35:02Money has always been more than a medium of exchange. It reflects what societies value, how they organize trust, and what they choose to remember. This article explores the idea that money functions as a form of collective memory, and how Bitcoin may be restoring this role in a new way.
The Asante Example
In the Asante Empire, which flourished in West Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries, gold dust served as the primary medium of exchange. To measure it, traders used ornate spoons made of brass. These spoons were often carved with birds, animals, or abstract symbols. They were not currency themselves, but tools used to handle gold dust accurately.
Importantly, these spoons also carried meaning. Symbols and proverbs embedded in the spoons conveyed lessons about honesty, community, and continuity. For example, the Sankofa bird, shown turning its head backward to retrieve an egg from its back, represented the proverb, “It is not wrong to go back for that which you have forgotten.” This was a reminder to learn from the past.
The spoons reflect an understanding that money and its instruments are not just practical tools. They are cultural artifacts that store shared values. In the Asante context, even measurement was ritualized and tied to ethics and memory.
Money as a Cultural Medium
This connection between money and cultural meaning is not unique to the Asante Empire. Modern fiat currencies also carry symbols, phrases, and designs that reflect national identity and political values.
The U.S. dollar includes Latin phrases and national symbols meant to convey stability and purpose. The British pound features royal iconography, reinforcing the idea of continuity and sovereignty. When the euro was introduced, it deliberately avoided specific national references. Itsdesign used bridges and windowsto suggest openness and cooperation across the continent.
These design choices show that societies still embed meaning into their money. Even in a digital or fiat context, money is used to transmit a story about who we are, where authority lies, and what we value.
The Fragility of Fiat Memory
While fiat money carries cultural symbols, the narratives behind those symbols can be fragile.
In 2021, the central bank of the Philippines removed democratic leaders from its banknotes,triggering public criticism. In the United States, attempts to replace Andrew Jackson with Harriet Tubman on the $20 billfaced repeated delays. These examples show how political control over money includes control over what stories are told and remembered.
Unlike objects passed down through generations, fiat memory can be edited or erased. In this sense, it is vulnerable. The meaning encoded in fiat systems can shift depending on who holds power.
Bitcoin as a New Form of Memory
Bitcoin is described as digital money. But it also introduces a different model of how societies can record value and preserve meaning.
The Bitcoin network launched in 2009 with a small message embedded in its first block: “Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks.” This was a reference to a newspaper headline that day and a clear sign of protest against financial bailouts, centralized monetary policy, and forever wars.
This moment marked the beginning of a system where memory is stored differently. Instead of relying on governments or institutions, Bitcoin stores its history on a public ledger maintained by a decentralized network of participants. Its memory is not symbolic or political; it is structural. Every transaction, every block, is preserved through time-stamped computation and consensus.
No single authority can change it. The rules are clear and publicly auditable. In this way, Bitcoin offers a version of money where memory is both neutral and resilient.
Cultural Expression and Community Values
Even though Bitcoin lacks the traditional symbols found on banknotes, it has developed its own culture. Phrases like “Don’t trust, verify” or “Stay humble, stack sats” are shared widely in the Bitcoin community. These ideas reflect a focus on self-responsibility, verification, and long-term thinking.
These proverbs can be compared to the carved messages on the Asante spoons. While the contexts are very different, the underlying idea is similar: a community using language and symbols to reinforce its shared values.
Bitcoin also has a well established and growing art scene. Bitcoin conferences often feature dedicated sections for art inspired by the protocol and its culture. Statues of Satoshi Nakamoto have been installed in cities like Budapest, Lugano, and Fornelli. These physical works reflect the desire to link Bitcoin’s abstract values to something tangible.
Looking Back to Look Forward
The Asante example helps us see that money has long been tied to memory and meaning. Their spoons were practical tools but also cultural anchors. Bitcoin, while new and digital, may be playing a similar role.
Instead of relying on political symbols or national myths, Bitcoin uses code, transparency, and global consensus to create trust. In doing so, it offers a way to preserve economic memory that does not depend on power or politics.
It’s still early to know what kind of legacy Bitcoin will leave. But if it succeeds, it may not just change how money works. It may also change how civilizations remember.
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@ 7e538978:a5987ab6
2025-05-08 09:59:31E-commerce store owners can now integrate Bitcoin payments into their WooCommerce shops using the LNbits WooCommerce plugin. This plugin supports payments using the Bitcoin Lightning Network and on-chain Bitcoin, providing merchants with flexible options to accept Bitcoin.
Integration with Bitcoin Payments
The LNbits WooCommerce plugin enables online merchants to accept Bitcoin payments easily. It uses LNbits to handle Bitcoin Lightning and traditional on-chain transactions, offering customers efficient payment methods.
Recent updates include support for Gutenberg block checkout integration, ensuring compatibility with the latest WooCommerce versions and improving the checkout experience for merchants and customers alike.
How the LNbits Plugin Works
The plugin integrates with LNbits through the Satspay Server extension. Lightning Network transactions are handled by LNbits. Merchants can manage on-chain payments via LNbits' Watch-only wallet extension.
Setup Steps for Merchants
The setup process for the LNbits WooCommerce plugin involves a few simple steps:
- Run an LNbits instance – either self-host or use the LNbits SaaS service at saas.lnbits.com.
- Install the Satspay Server extension within your LNbits instance.
- Add the LNbits plugin to your WordPress site.
- Configure the plugin via WooCommerce admin panel under WooCommerce > Settings > Payments.
Start Accepting Bitcoin Payments
By accepting Bitcoin payments, merchants offer customers a secure and efficient alternative payment method. Integrating the LNbits WooCommerce plugin is straightforward and aligns with the increasing adoption of cryptocurrency in online retail.
For further details, visit the official plugin page:
WordPress Plugin Directory – LNbits Bitcoin Onchain and Lightning Payment Gateway
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@ ecda4328:1278f072
2025-05-08 09:29:23A detailed breakdown of the recent debate around Bitcoin Core’s proposed policy change to OP_RETURN — and why it’s less dramatic than some fear.
TL;DR
Removing the 80-byte OP_RETURN limit is a mempool policy cleanup, not a consensus rule change. It reduces UTXO bloat, improves relay consistency, and doesn’t affect Bitcoin’s monetary properties or block size limits.
What Is OP_RETURN?
OP_RETURN
is a Bitcoin script opcode introduced in 2014 (Bitcoin Core 0.9.0) to allow small amounts of arbitrary data to be embedded in transactions. Crucially, it creates provably unspendable outputs, preventing UTXO set pollution.A default policy limit of 80 bytes was added to discourage non-payment data usage while still allowing basic use cases (e.g., hashes, commitments).
Why Was OP_RETURN Added? (Bitcoin Core 0.9, March 2014)
When OP_RETURN was introduced, it wasn’t to promote on-chain data — it was a harm-reduction tool:
“This change is not an endorsement of storing data in the blockchain... [It] creates a provably-prunable output, to avoid data storage schemes... storing arbitrary data... bloating Bitcoin’s UTXO database.” — Bitcoin Core 0.9 Release Notes
Before that, users embedded data in fake outputs, bloating the UTXO set and degrading node performance.
OP_RETURN made those outputs prunable and cleaner, though it imposed an 80-byte policy cap — not a consensus rule.
What’s Actually Changing?
Bitcoin Core PR #32359 proposes:
- Removing the 80-byte policy limit on OP_RETURN data
- Removing the
-datacarrier
and-datacarriersize
configuration options - Default behavior will now relay (and mine) larger OP_RETURNs
⚠️ This is not a consensus change. Blocks stay limited to \~4MB. No rules about block validity are altered.
Why It’s Not a Big Deal
- ✅ Consensus stays the same: No risk of chain splits
- ✅ Block size stays capped (\~4MB)
- ✅ You can still run Bitcoin Knots if you prefer stricter policies
- ✅ Transaction size limit (\~100KB) remains for DoS protection
Bottom line: This is a configuration tweak to improve consistency between nodes and miners.
Common Uses of OP_RETURN
- Timestamping
- Cross-chain anchoring (e.g., merge-mined sidechains)
- Asset issuance (e.g., Omni/Tether)
- Notarization and commitments
- Metadata for protocols like Citrea
📝 In contrast, Ordinal inscriptions use witness data; Stamps use fake outputs — not OP_RETURN.
Arguments For Removing the Limit
- The limit is ineffective — easily bypassed via witness/multisig/fake outputs
- Cleaner data paths — prevents UTXO bloat from “Stamp”-style tricks
- Reflects mining reality — miners already include these transactions
- Improves relay/mempool consistency
- Avoids centralization risks — removes miner advantages from custom policies
- Enables metaprotocols — safely embed structured metadata without abusing Bitcoin’s core design
Arguments Against Removing the Limit
- Risk of encouraging non-monetary use
- Fears of "spam" or NFT-like inscriptions
- Concerns over governance process
- Perceived erosion of Bitcoin’s monetary purity
🧠 Note: The 80-byte cap was policy, not consensus. Removing it doesn’t allow anything that wasn’t already valid on-chain.
Policy vs. Consensus
- Policy rules affect relay and mempool behavior
- Consensus rules affect what blocks are considered valid
Large OP_RETURNs are already valid. The inconsistency is that many nodes don’t relay them, while miners do include them. This change aligns relay with mining, improving propagation and fee estimation.
Bitcoin Knots: A Protest Client
Bitcoin Knots (maintained by Luke Dashjr) retains the old 80-byte policy. After the PR surfaced, some users switched to Knots as a protest.
According to Matthew R. Kratter, Bitcoin Knots briefly surpassed Core 29.0 in node count during early 2025 — but this spike appears to have been driven more by timing mismatches between release cycles and a coordinated protest campaign, rather than a durable shift in user adoption. In fact, most Bitcoin nodes today still run older versions of Core. As of May 2025, Core 28.1.0 alone accounts for over 21% of nodes, while Core 29.0.0 sits below 6%, and Knots 20250305 trails at just over 6% — suggesting that the majority of the network remains on pre-29 Core versions rather than switching to Knots en masse.
Broader Implications
- 🛠️ Highlights tensions between devs, miners, and users over governance
- 🧭 Shows how non-consensus rules can impact perceived neutrality
- 🧪 Sparks renewed focus on tooling (e.g., ASMap, better banlists, relay filtering)
- 🔐 Reaffirms user sovereignty through client diversity
Final Thoughts
Removing the OP_RETURN limit aligns Bitcoin Core’s policy with reality — what’s already getting mined — while cleaning up harmful workarounds.
It won’t break Bitcoin.
But it does surface deeper tensions about Bitcoin’s purpose, evolution, and who ultimately decides what gets built and accepted.
References
- PR: Remove arbitrary limits on OP_RETURN #32359
- PR: Deprecate datacarrier options #32406
- Mailing list: Relax OP_RETURN standardness restrictions
- Gist with full community discussion
- Bitcoin Knots
- Kratter video: Bitcoin Core Removes the Mask
🙏 Acknowledgements
Thanks to @hodlinator, ShiShi21m, and many others in the community for their thoughtful insights, corrections, and spirited discussion.
Based on the original GitHub Gist: Bitcoin OP_RETURN Controversy: Complete Summary
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@ 3c389c8f:7a2eff7f
2025-05-14 21:14:38Writing about writing, that's what I'm doing today. A couple months in, trying to make writing on Nostr a regular part of my routine has been both interesting and enlightening. This Spatia Nostra blog started as passion project of unknown intention, beginning with an attempt to fill a glaring educational void... but creating these resources has also served as my own schooling. I've learned that everything works well sometimes but nothing works well all the time. Given that Nostr development, as a whole, is akin to stray cats herding chickens, in hopes that they will trample out 100 fires, this was not an unexpected experience. Beyond a few painful days when nothing would work, its actually gone smoother that I expected. The state of reading and writing tools is yet in major flux. Some are way behind but still work, others are in active development... which has its own set of pros and cons. I've read in notes, that the Primal team is currently riding their white stallions (across a beach, no less) to deliver the writing tools that save will save the day. There is no single solution to a multi-faceted problem, though, so writing is no different than search problems or spam problems, in that regard. I have no doubt that whatever they deliver will be functional and suitable for their readers and writers , but ultimately there needs to be many Nostr tools available for many different styles of author and many ways for readers to uptake their works. There might be value in sharing some of my insights, for anyone looking to write natively to Nostr or for anyone who may be building writing and reading related tools, so that is my aim here today. (With hope that most of this piece will become outdated sooner rather than later.) For the sake of not turning this into a multi-client review, because its already going to be really long, I will direct anyone who wants to dive right in to writing on Nostr here .
Where to begin:
Right now, there is no easy way to see which client was used to write a piece. There are exceptions, of course, and there are things I have not tried or cannot use due to my hardware, so I can't say that this rings true across the broader view of Nostr. If we assume that most people are introduced to Nostr through the microblogging/social media gateways, then they are likely introduced to longer Nostr content through their follow feed, either by a client that nicely displays these publications as standalone items or by authors and readers referencing a piece within a typical note (Kind 1, for all us Nostr nerds). As with the writing tools themselves, I know that support for advertising which client was used to create an event is rolling out with varying perceptions of its importance. In the interem, Nostr has the benefit of a wildly passionate user-base to fill these gaps. Oftentimes, the author themselves are willing to share which client was used to write a piece. If not, someone will almost surely be able and willing to answer. As the ecosystem grows, I imagine that it will suffer the same problem as every other human-occupied spaces... the more people there are, the less likely they are to talk to each other. Nostr makes it incredibly easy to reduce those types of negative social impacts, but I can still easily envision a situation in which the aspirational writer finds their calling from a piece written by a popular big-name writer, where the reply sections tend to become too noisy to find answers. To alleviate this, client tags are an obvious mitigation. I would love to see all major social/microblogging clients build in support for that one day, so that anyone new to Nostr can easily figure out where to begin.
Writing:
Oof, yeah... This is where things start to branch out into the wild and weird world that we all love so much. Prior to this 2-month stint ( which I have every intention of continuing), I had only written a couple of long notes, one wiki entry, and a few recipes. No hitches whatsoever. I have found now, that the more frequently I attempt to write, the more interesting problems I encounter... But sometimes it all works so silky, smoothly that it becomes a sensational, powerful experience where one can see just how much potential Nostr has to revolutionize the way we exchange information, with ourselves, our friends and the world.
When everything, or at least most things, are working well, its amazing. You can send yourself nostr events through messaging clients on mobile to access and reference from a web client later, with many of the different Nostr messaging apps. Not all messaging apps perform in the same way, so before you go confusing yourself, send a test message or two to see if your messaging app handles the 'note to self' concept in a way that makes sense to you. This might sound a little bit janky, but it's really just a simple way of creating notes for yourself. Having some quick thoughts that you don't want to lose while your on the go, so you can build upon them later, is another strong use aside from gathering reference materials. I like this method because nothing is so good at organizing my thoughts than my own brain. If you prefer to use a note taking app, there are some out there that have integrated Nostr features so that you can maintain your usual workflow while benefitting from Nostr's ubiquity. Once You have your basis, you know when its time to write. You have a few solid choices that all have the same basic functions, with a slightly different feel and interface, and slightly different additional features. You can find the one you like, bang out your thoughts, and use the others to tweak and adjust things. Because... Nostr, the reading side will always be somewhat variable, so you'll likely want to proof your own writing a few times, in a few clients, that you believe your readers will be using the most.
Everything Works!
For me, the amazing Nostr writing experience looks something like this:
I send myself some notes and thoughts on a multi-device messaging app. I visit my favorite publishing app for the majority of my writing because I like the thoughtful, quiet design. I can then jump to another and add tags, because I forgot to do that. It also has the best editing experience, so I can fix my damn typos while I'm there. Later on, I realize that maybe part of the revenue should go to the person who inspired my thoughts, so I visit a different client, initiate an edit, and add a revenue split to the post. Once I'm done, it looks amazing, and I want to check that it looks amazing in the places that I think my readers might see it, as well. I check through a few mobile social clients. Native display looks great, formatted neatly enough to call it a piece, with all referenced Nostr events displayed in pretty purple letters and linking to their naddr as intended. In posts that reference events, it links up great and takes me to a reading client intended to manage walls of text. Nice. All the while, I'm keeping in my mind that my work, should I or anyone else deem it worthy of longevity, is being stored across multiple relays, including my own rented relay (I should really set something up at home, I'll get there eventually). These thoughts are out there and they have the potential to stay there, wherever "there" may be. I don't have to worry about them being taken down or becoming unavailable because at least one of these many relays will be up and keeping my notes at any given moment, and the more my readers interact, the more sticky and distributed my work becomes. It'd be pretty rare for a controversial piece to come out of these fingertips, but its not impossible. I find a lot of peace in that, more predominately as the reader than the writer.
Nothing Works!
Unfortunately, this is not always the outcome of writing on Nostr regularly (Honestly, everything has its problems. This is not unique to Nostr). The more frequently you do something, the more likely you are to come across flaws and temporary issues or outages. So... the other side of this coin looks something like this:
I find a few things that I would like to reference in articles, I message them to myself. Unfortunately, the massages, though sent to myself, by myself, show up as recieved as sent by the authors of the notes I want to reference. Its not a big deal, I can sort that out but they easily become lost among all the other messages that I send and receive in between. It's a bit inconvenient but it still works. Thoughts to myself still work just fine. I sit down to write and my preferred client isn't recognizing my signing extension. Why? It worked yesterday. No matter, lets hop over to a different client, sign in, and ... nothing. Its recognizing my key but its not loading anything beyond an npub. Maybe its still working? I try writing... it looks like its working but upon publishing, nothing. No error, no loaders, my text just sits in the editor. Copy. Move to another client. Sign in, paste. adjust all the stuff because this one doesn't recognize the markdown links. I need to use their built-in tools for this (I know this from a previous day of some things working). Okay, this is great. Publish. At which point the text disappears and no note show up... hmm... its not connecting to any relays. I wish there was a way to check that before I had started. My clipboard is empty now because I wiped it clean while editing all the links. Hmm... One more try because I'm no quitter (to the point of detriment sometimes). Last try. Sign in, looks good. I half -ass rewrite my lost piece and attempt to publish and I am met with the infinite loading icon. I can't save my draft or publish. Smarter this time, I leave the text there, copy it to a local document, just in case, and quit for the day. The next day, I go back to this with a new client name I came across. It seems to work, its lacking some important features but that's ok. When the other editors are having better days, I can go back to edit tags and titles. Publish... Success! Or so I thought. I go around to do my checks, the event is no where to be found except in the client that was used to publish it. I copy the note ID from there and search around. Everything tells me: error, the event string is too short. I call it a wash. Over the next few days, the presence of that post comes and goes. Eventually it just stops showing up anywhere. Another new editor arrives, and once I figured out this stupid (me) signer issue that I was having, I republish that piece.
Things work, just not all at once...
Because of my own ignorance and because I think there is still value in interfacing with the outside-nostr world, for now I've opted keep publishing to both legacy web and Nostr. It acts as my fallback but also a little island of Nostr information. One day, I'll quit doing that but I'm not there yet. Nor are the tools that I would like to use in order to do so. That's okay, it's been incredible to witness the coordination amongst the chaos while the ecosystem gets fleshed out to something that can replace all of that. Everyday, I'm looking for ways to realistically help this process along and sometimes the best I can do is simply be willing to endure the mess while everything comes together. As I said at the beginning, this are just my insights and experiences. Most days are a happy middle between these two extremes. Writing on Nostr has huge potential to change the landscape of digital information and I will continue doing whatever the hell it is that at do so that it can be ready for the people who may really need it.
Reading...
Nah. Another day, maybe.
Find a list of Nostr writing tools here .
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@ 3c389c8f:7a2eff7f
2025-05-14 21:03:32Clients:
https://untype.app
https://habla.news
https://yakihonne.com
https://cypher.space
https://highlighter.com
Plug Ins:
https://github.com/jamesmagoo/nostr-writer
Content Tagging:
https://labelmachine.org
https://ontolo.social
Blog-like Display and Personal Pages:
https://orocolo.me
https://npub.pro
Personal Notes and Messaging:
https://app.flotilla.social There's an app, too!
https://nosbin.com
RSS Readers:
https://nostrapps.com/noflux
https://nostrapps.com/narr
https://nostrapps.com/feeder
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@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3
2025-05-14 20:59:12Tortoise test 2
Tortoise title And a subtitle https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/hostr/23vsBdQma3chpbmdYd6M3yBdn5teaCsbPHhWLcKKEyLjcaw1r7Ae1vdUvVg4y8yfaTcT7.png In a sunny meadow, Tucker the tortoise trudged with steady steps. His shell gleamed under the noon sun. Each day, he roamed, seeking sweet clover. One spring, a flood trapped his friends. Tucker, calm and strong, carried them to high ground. By dusk, all were safe. His quiet resolve united the meadow, their cheers a soft hum. Tucker’s slow pace became a tale of grit in every blade of grass. Character count: 349
Originally posted on Hive at https://hive.blog/@hostr/tortoise-test-2
Auto cross-post via Hostr bridge v0.0.26 at https://hostr-home.vercel.app
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@ bbb5dda0:f09e2747
2025-05-08 07:38:07I've been neglecting my weekly updates a bit. I haven't really gotten to them lately because i've been insanely busy frying my brains at #SovEng. And after that i haven't been keeping my weekly notes properly. WHICH I'm planning to pick back up now!
This week/ the last couple weeks I've been doing some general planning around @tollGate's appearances on various conferences around Europe! First on the list will be Pizza Day in Prague! And from there I'll be cruising straight to @Oslo Freedom Forum! For TollGate that also means getting us set up with some T-Shirts and Stickers, though not super hard to do, it's the first time I'm doing any 'marketing' like this so I did test my own patience by properly cropping and ordering the designs. So far the stickers came out well Look at our first officially baptized TollGate! :)
TollGate Installer
As we're installing versions of TollGateOS on routers quite often now I figured it'd be a good idea to streamline the experience a bit by building a TollGate Installer. I've been vibecoding it mostly, and one of the things I discovered is how easy it is to make it replicate the style of another app. To stick with the theme I told it to mirror the style of our TollGate Captive portal site and it did it perfectly!
Anyway, still a lot of manual engineering is required but at least I can outsource the stuff i'm bad at. What I did improve was the GitHub workflows we use for building and publishing the OS. We publish our releases to Blossom + Nostr (NIP-94). I then use those messages in the installer to get the download links.
👀 But which version!?
I quickly ran into the issue that I didn't know which binary to install on the router i hooked up to my computer. I connect the router via lan, then I scan the network and ssh into the router, get some basic info, like the device name. BUT, the format of that device name wouldn't match any of the names we'd use in our release.
For example: the router name would be
glinet,mt3000
while our release was calledgl-mt3000
. The difference may seem subtle but I can't match them. So after some discussion with the others I went on and revamped our OS pipeline to properly follow the OpenWRT naming of boards/devices. The pipeline is now much more extensible, making it easier for us to add support for more hardware!What's next?
We're aiming for a v0.0.2 release of TollGate OS by friday, incorporating some of the feedback we've gotten from our test users! Hang on tight guys! 🙏 I'm hoping to finish an earlier version of the installer in the upcoming week as well.
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@ 56cd780f:cbde8b29
2025-05-14 19:32:05Jo, blomster kommer i alle farger og fasonger. Her har du to eksempler:
sha256:157e9ab54c0d78651aa3b33ecbc64b2e9ce4d5a22bdb6755def739086d286f60 sha256:d6facbbc74b17c83c161c2a2baee2040d427c5e5dd3c55051089ec59370e4a08
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@ c9badfea:610f861a
2025-05-14 18:38:04- Install KeePassDX (it's free and open source)
- Launch the app, tap Create New Vault, and choose a location to store the database file
- Activate the Password slider
- Type a Password and Confirm Password, then tap OK
- Tap + and Add Entry to add your first credentials
- Enter a Title, Username, and Password (you can also generate a password here)
- Tap ✓ at the bottom to create the entry
- Tap ⋮ and then Save Data to save the database
- Tap 🔒 to lock the database
⚠️ Make sure you use strong, high-entropy passphrases
⚠️ Back up the database file to a secure location (e.g. encrypted USB drive)
ℹ️ The database file (
.kdbx
) can also be opened with various KeePass ports -
@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b
2025-05-08 07:29:09背景与研究范围
Backpack 是由多名前 FTX 和 Alameda 员工在 FTX 崩盘后创立的一家加密交易平台,与 Amber Group(一家大型加密金融服务商)和已倒闭的交易所 FTX 之间可能存在多重隐秘关联。本研究超越公开新闻,从团队延续、资金路径、合规架构、基础设施复用和链上迹象等角度,推理分析三者之间的联系。下文将分别讨论:团队与股权延续性、法币出金(稳定币清算)架构、Amber Group 的支持角色、Circle/Equals Money 等第三方的关联,以及“交叉代币解锁”机制的可能性,并给出关键证据与信息缺口。
团队与股权上的延续性
首先,在团队方面,Backpack 由多名 FTX/Alameda 前成员创立。据报道,Backpack 的联合创始人包括前 Alameda Research 早期员工 Armani Ferrante,以及 FTX 前总法律顾问 Can Suncoinspeaker.com;另一位联合创始人 Tristan Yver 也曾任职于 FTX/Alamedanftgators.com。据 CoinSpeaker 披露,Backpack 40名员工中至少有5人是 FTX 前员工coinspeaker.com。这表明 Backpack 在团队传承上与 FTX 存在明显延续。一方面,创始团队直接来自原 FTX 帝国的核心人员;另一方面,他们将过往在大型交易所积累的经验带入了 Backpack。
其次,在股权投资方面也有延续痕迹。早在2022年9月,Backpack 背后的公司 Coral 即获得了由 FTX Ventures 领投的2000万美元种子轮融资,用于开发 Backpack xNFT 钱包等产品nftgators.com。然而由于2022年11月FTX暴雷,这笔来自 FTX 的投资资金大部分被冻结损失nftgators.com。在经历了资金困难的“蟑螂生存模式”后,Backpack 团队于2023-2024年重新融资,成功在2024年2月完成1700万美元的 A 轮融资nftgators.com。值得注意的是,此轮融资的投资阵容中出现了 Amber Group 的身影nftgators.com。Amber Group 与 Placeholder、Hashed、Wintermute 等知名机构共同参与了该轮融资coinspeaker.com。这意味着 Amber 已经成为 Backpack 股东之一,在股权上建立了联系。此外,Jump Crypto 和 Delphi Digital 等与 FTX时代关系密切的机构也参与了投资nftgators.com。综上, Backpack 的股东和团队构成反映出明显的历史延续:既有原FTX系资本(FTX Ventures)和人员直接过渡,也有 Amber Group 等行业巨头在FTX倒台后入场接棒投资,为 Backpack 提供资金和资源支持。
法币出金架构与 USDC 清算渠道
FTX 时代的稳定币清算: 为了解 Backpack 是否继承了 FTX 的 USDC 清算架构,需要回顾 FTX 过往的法币出入金体系。FTX 在运营高峰时期,以其流畅的出入金和稳定币兑换闻名。用户可以将 USDC 等稳定币充值到 FTX 并直接视同美元资产使用,提取时又能以银行电汇方式取出美元,过程中几乎无汇兑损耗。这背后可能依赖于 FTX 与 Circle 等机构的直接清算合作,以及自有银行网络的支持。例如,Circle 提供的企业账户服务可以让像FTX这样的平台在后台实现USDC与美元的1:1兑换与清算circle.com。事实上,FTX 曾是 USDC 的主要场景之一,大量用户通过将美元换成 USDC 再转入FTX进行交易,从而绕过昂贵的跨境汇款费用。FTX 很可能建立了高效的稳定币兑换通道——例如通过 Silvergate 银行网络或与稳定币发行方直接交割——来实现低成本、快速的法币⇄USDC 转换。这套“USDC 清算架构”是FTX业务成功的重要基础之一。
Backpack 的出金方案: Backpack 作为新兴交易所,近期正式推出了类似的法币⇄稳定币出入金功能,并号称实现了“0费率”的美元/USDC转换panewslab.com。根据官方公告,从2025年5月起,Backpack Exchange 用户可以通过电汇方式充值和提取美元,且美元与USDC的兑换不收取任何手续费panewslab.com。这与FTX当年提供的低成本稳定币出入金体验如出一辙,表明 Backpack 很可能在复用或重建一种高效的清算架构。
与FTX相比,Backpack 并未公开具体采用了何种技术/金融渠道来实现0手续费。但通过社区测试和代码线索,可以推测其架构与FTX思路相似:首先, Backpack 将美元法币与USDC稳定币视为等价资产开放存取,用户电汇美元到账后在平台得到USDC或美元余额,提币时可用USDC直接提走或兑换成美元汇出。其次, Backpack 可能通过与稳定币发行方Circle的合作,或通过场外流动性方,将用户的USDC和法币进行实时对冲清算。Circle提供的API允许合规企业账户方便地将USDC兑换为美元存入银行账户circle.com;Backpack 很可能利用了这一渠道,在后台完成USDC的兑换,再通过银行网络把美元汇给用户。虽然Backpack官方未明言使用Circle,但其USDC通道开放的举措本身就体现了Circle所倡导的稳定币跨境支付应用场景circle.com。因此,从设计上看,Backpack 的法币出入金体系是对FTX模式的一种延续和致敬,即充分利用稳定币作为清算中介,实现跨境汇款的低成本与高效率。
银行网络与 Equals Money: 更有意思的是,有社区用户实测 Backpack 的美元提现,发现汇款发起方显示为“Equals Money PLC”btcxiaolinzi.top。Equals Money 是英国一家持有FCA牌照的电子货币机构(EMI),为企业提供银行转账和外汇服务btcxiaolinzi.top。测试者推断,Backpack 可能在 Equals Money 开立了企业账户,用于代替传统银行向用户汇出美元btcxiaolinzi.top。这一细节揭示了Backpack出金架构的实现路径:Backpack 很可能将待提现的USDC通过某种方式兑换成法币并存入其在Equals Money的账户,由后者完成跨境电汇至用户收款银行。由于Equals Money本质上连接着欧洲和国际支付网络,Backpack借助它可以避开美国传统银行的限制,为全球用户(包括无法直接与美国持牌银行打交道的用户)提供出金服务。这一点在FTX时代并未被广泛报道,但符合FTX/Alameda团队擅长搭建复杂金融通道的作风。由此推断, Backpack 确实在承袭FTX时期的清算理念:利用多层金融机构合作(如稳定币发行方、电子货币机构等),构筑高效的全球资金出入网络。在表面0手续费的背后,可能是由Backpack或其合作方(如做市商)承担了兑换成本,以吸引用户panewslab.com。目前这一体系已进入公开测试及运营阶段,随着更多支付方式(ACH、SEPA)的推出,Backpack正逐步完善其全球法币出入金矩阵panewslab.com。
Amber Group 的潜在支持角色
作为Backpack的重要战略投资方,Amber Group 在该体系中可能扮演多重支持角色。首先是资金层面: Amber参与了Backpack的A轮融资nftgators.com并获得股权,这意味着Amber对Backpack的发展具有直接利益。在FTX倒闭后,Amber选择投资由FTX前团队创立的新交易所,体现出其对这支团队能力和商业模式的认可。Amber本身是知名的加密市场做市和金融服务公司,管理着庞大的资产并具备深厚的流动性提供能力dailycoin.com。因此可以合理推测,Amber除了资本投入,还可能作为做市商为Backpack的交易提供充足的流动性支持,确保用户在Backpack上交易时有良好的市场深度和稳定的价格。这种隐性支持符合许多交易所背后有大做市商“站台”的行业惯例。尤其Backpack定位要提供低成本的稳定币兑换和跨链流动性,Amber在稳定币交易市场的经验和库存或可帮助其维持汇率稳定。
其次是技术与基础设施支持: Amber Group 多年来构建了自己的交易系统(包括托管、风控和前端应用,如之前面向零售的 WhaleFin 应用)。尽管目前未有公开信息表明Backpack直接复用了Amber的技术,但不排除Amber在底层架构上提供咨询或授权支持的可能。例如,Amber深耕多链资产管理和清算,其内部API或合规方案可能对Backpack搭建跨法币/加密的基础设施有所启发。双方如果有合作,极有可能保持低调以避免监管敏感。还有一种支持形式是隐性投资或子基金合作: Amber可能通过旗下基金或关联投资工具,持有Backpack相关业务的权益而不公开身份。然而截至目前,我们尚未发现明确证据证明Amber有这种“隐形”持股行为——Amber作为领投方之一出现于公开融资名单,说明其支持主要还是以正式股权投资和业务协作的方式进行coinspeaker.com。
第三是合规与网络资源: Amber在全球(尤其亚洲)拥有广泛的业务网络和合规资源。Backpack注册在阿联酋迪拜,并计划拓展美国、日本、欧洲等市场learn.backpack.exchangelearn.backpack.exchange。Amber总部位于亚洲(最初在香港,新加坡等地开展业务),对东亚和东南亚市场非常了解。Amber的联合创始人团队中有合规专家,曾帮助公司获取多地牌照。Backpack的联合创始人之一(Can Sun)本身是前FTX法务,这保证了内部合规经验,但Amber的外部资源也可能提供协助。例如,Amber在香港与监管机构打交道的经验,或许有助于Backpack寻求香港或东南亚牌照;Amber在银行业和支付领域的关系网络,也可能帮助Backpack连接银行通道(如引荐像Equals Money这样的机构)。虽然这方面多属于推测,但考虑到Amber投资后通常会积极赋能被投企业,Backpack有理由从Amber处获得合规咨询、市场拓展等方面的帮助。
总的来看,Amber Group 对 Backpack 的支持可能是**“润物细无声”**式的:既体现在台前的融资与做市合作,也体现在幕后的资源共享和经验输出。这种支持帮助Backpack在短时间内补齐了从交易技术到法币通道的诸多要素,使其有能力低成本快速上线类似FTX当年的核心功能(如稳定币快速出入金)。然而,由于双方都未公开详述合作细节,我们对Amber介入的深度仍缺乏直接证据,只能从结果倒推其可能性。
Circle、Equals Money 等第三方的关联
在Backpack、FTX与Amber的关系网络中,Circle和Equals Money等第三方机构扮演了关键“节点”,它们的出现为三者合作提供了基础设施支撑:
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Circle(USDC发行方): Circle公司本身与FTX及Backpack都有千丝万缕的业务联系。FTX在世时是USDC重要的使用方,帮助USDC拓展了交易所场景;FTX垮台后,Backpack继续扛起“稳定币交易所”的大旗,大量采用USDC作为美元计价和清算工具panewslab.com。虽然我们没有公开材料直接指出Backpack已与Circle签署合作协议,但Backpack推出USD/USDC通道的举措实际是在推动USDC的使用,这与Circle致力于扩大USDC应用的战略不谋而合circle.com。Circle近年来打造跨境支付网络,与多家交易平台和金融机构合作提供法币-稳定币转换服务circle.com。因此,有理由相信Backpack在后台利用了Circle的流动性或API来实现用户提币时的USDC兑换和赎回。比如,当用户在Backpack提取美元,Backpack可能将等额USDC通过Circle赎回成美元,Circle则将该美元汇入Backpack的银行账户进行出金。这种模式其实正是Circle提供给企业客户的“稳定币托管清算”服务之一circle.com。换言之,Circle充当了Backpack法币出金链条中的关键一环,尽管普通用户感知不到它的存在。反过来看Amber,作为全球领先的做市商,也大量使用USDC进行交易和结算,Amber与Circle之间亦可能有直接合作关系(如参与Circle的伙伴计划等)。可以说,Circle及其USDC网络构成了FTX时代和Backpack时代连接传统金融和加密世界的桥梁:FTX和Backpack都踩在这座桥上快速发展,而Amber作为市场参与者,同样频繁走这座桥,为自身和伙伴创造价值。
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Equals Money(英国电子货币机构): 前文提及,Equals Money PLC 在Backpack的出金过程中显现出来btcxiaolinzi.top。这家公司提供面向企业的银行即服务(BaaS),允许像Backpack这样的客户通过其平台发起全球付款。Equals Money的出现意味着Backpack选择了一条灵活的合规路径来实现银行转账功能:相比直接开设传统银行账户,使用EMI能更快获取支付能力且准入门槛较低。FTX时期并未传出使用EMI的消息,因为当时FTX可直接依赖自己的银行关系网(例如通过位于美国、欧洲的自有账户)来处理汇款。然而在后FTX时代,许多加密公司(包括Amber)都在寻找新的银行替代方案,EMI因此受到青睐。具体联系: 根据实测,Backpack用户提现美元到Wise时,Wise收到的汇款来自Equals Moneybtcxiaolinzi.top。Wise作为跨境汇款平台,其收款机制对资金来源要求严格,但Equals Money持有FCA牌照,属于受监管机构,Wise接收来自Equals的资金被视为合规btcxiaolinzi.top。由此推断,Backpack通过Equals的企业账户,将兑换好的美元直接打给用户填入的收款账号(包括Wise提供的虚拟账号)。这表明Backpack和Equals Money之间有直接业务往来,Equals是Backpack法币出金服务链条上的合作伙伴。值得一提的是,Amber Group 此前在欧洲也曾探索电子货币牌照或合作渠道的可能,尽管无法确认Amber是否也使用Equals,但不排除Amber为Backpack牵线搭桥、推荐了Equals这类服务商的可能性。
综合来看, Circle和Equals Money分别代表了稳定币清算层和法币支付层的基础设施,与Backpack/FTX/Amber的联系体现为:Circle提供“链上到链下”的美元流动性支持,Equals提供“链下”最后一公里的银行网络接口。三者之所以都选择/使用这些渠道,是因为它们共享了对加密法币融合效率的追求。对于FTX和Backpack而言,这些渠道是业务方案的一部分;对于Amber而言,这些渠道是服务布局和投资的一环(Amber支持的交易所采用了这些方案,也间接符合Amber推动行业基础设施完善的利益)。
“交叉代币解锁”机制与链上协作迹象
“交叉代币解锁”是指Amber、Backpack(或其关联项目)之间通过持有彼此发行的代币,并利用协议合作、解锁计划或链上交易,实现协同利益的一种机制。鉴于Backpack尚处于发展初期,我们需要探讨哪些代币或资产可能涉及双方的互动:
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Backpack 平台代币的潜在发行: 根据Backpack社区的信息,平台计划通过交易积分空投方式向活跃用户发放代币资格btcxiaolinzi.top。这暗示Backpack未来会推出自己的平台代币。若真如此,早期投资方(包括Amber Group)很可能在代币经济中占有一席之地,例如通过投资协议获得一定比例的平台代币配额。在代币正式解锁流通时,Amber等机构投资者将持有相应份额。这就产生了潜在的“交叉代币”联系:Amber持有Backpack的代币,并可在协议允许的时间窗口解锁出售或利用。这种关系一方面绑定了Amber与Backpack的长期利益,另一方面也为Amber提供了在二级市场获利或支持Backpack代币市值的机会。如果Backpack设计代币经济时有锁仓解锁期,那么Amber的代币解锁时间和数量将受到协议约束。从链上数据看,未来可以观察这些大额代币解锁地址是否与Amber的钱包存在关联,以验证Amber对Backpack代币的处置行为。当前,由于Backpack代币尚未发行,我们只能提出这一推测性机制,等待后续链上数据来印证。
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Amber 持仓代币与Backpack业务的协同: 反之,Amber Group 或其子基金本身持有众多加密资产,是否有与Backpack生态互动的情况?例如,Amber可能持有某些与Backpack生态有关的项目代币(如Solana链上资产,Backpack钱包支持的特定NFT/代币等)。一个案例是Backpack团队曾在Solana上发行受欢迎的 xNFT系列“Mαd Lads”NFTlearn.backpack.exchange。Amber或其投资部门是否参与了该NFT的投资或持有尚无公开资料,但不排除Amber透过场内交易购买一些以支持Backpack生态热度。再者,如果Amber在其他项目上持有代币,而Backpack平台上线这些资产交易,Amber可能通过链上转账将流动性注入Backpack,从而实现双方受益——Amber获得流动性做市收益,Backpack获得交易量和资产丰富度。这可以视作一种链上协作。例如Amber持有大量某种代币X,在Backpack上新上线代币X交易对时,Amber账户向Backpack的热钱包充值代币X提供初始流动性。这样的行为在链上会呈现Amber已知地址向Backpack地址的大额转账。如果将来这些数据出现,将成为印证双方链上合作的直接证据。目前,此类链上轨迹还未有公开披露,我们只能假设其存在的可能性。
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FTX 遗留资产与Backpack 的关联: 另一个值得一提的链上观察维度是FTX/Alameda遗留资产的动向。FTX倒闭后,其相关钱包曾多次异动。Backpack团队作为前员工,有可能知晓某些地址或资产的情况。但由于破产清算在法庭监管下进行,直接将FTX遗留资产转给新项目不太现实。不过,不排除某些前Alameda投资的项目代币后来为Backpack团队所用。例如,Alameda早期投资的项目若代币解锁,Backpack团队个人可能持有部分并用于新平台的流动性。这种间接关联较难确认,但链上仍可寻找蛛丝马迹,比如监测前Alameda标识的钱包与Backpack相关地址之间的交易。如果有频繁互动,可能暗示Backpack获取了Alameda旧有资产的支持。至今未见显著证据,推测空间大于实证。
小结: “交叉代币解锁”机制目前更多停留在理论推演层面。我们确认了Backpack未来存在发行平台代币的规划btcxiaolinzi.top;也确认Amber作为投资方大概率会获得并持有该代币份额。但具体的锁仓解锁安排、双方是否会通过特殊协议(如做市激励、流动性挖矿等)进行合作,还有待官方披露或链上数据验证。链上分析工具可以在未来帮助捕捉Amber地址与Backpack生态代币/NFT的交互,从而揭示深层协作。如果发现Amber旗下地址在Backpack代币解锁后立即大量转入交易所,可能意味着Amber选择变现;反之,若锁定期内就有灰度交易发生,甚至可能存在双方提前约定的场外交换。这些都是值得持续监测的方向,但就目前信息来看,尚无定论。
\ 图:FTX、Amber Group 与 Backpack 三者关系示意图。红色/橙色线表示团队和股权延续(FTX前员工和投资延续到Backpack,Amber参与投资并可能提供流动性);蓝色线表示Backpack法币出金所依赖的稳定币清算和银行通道(通过USDC及Equals Money实现);灰色虚线表示FTX和Amber分别与USDC发行方Circle在业务上的联系。这些关系共同构成了Backpack在FTX余荫和Amber支持下快速搭建全球业务的基础。
关键证据与信息缺口
通过上述分析,我们梳理了已知的信息链条,并挖掘了若干可能的隐秘关联,同时也识别出需要进一步调查的信息空白:
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明确的证据链: 我们找到了多项公开资料证明Backpack与FTX/Amber的联系:包括创始团队来自FTX/Alamedacoinspeaker.com、FTX Ventures 曾投资Backpack母公司nftgators.com、Amber Group 参与了Backpack的融资coinspeaker.com、多名FTX旧部现在Backpack任职coinspeaker.com等。这些形成了人员和资金延续的直接证据。另外,通过用户分享和代码库,我们确认Backpack法币出金使用了Equals Money通道btcxiaolinzi.top并提供了0手续费的USD/USDC转换panewslab.com——这证明了Backpack确实建立了类似FTX当年的稳定币清算架构,只是技术实现上借助了新的合作方(Equals Money)。这些证据支撑了本文的大部分推论基础。
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合理的推测与佐证: 有些关联尚无官方公告证明,但基于行业惯例和现有线索推测合理,并有部分侧面佐证。例如,Amber 为Backpack提供做市流动性支援一事,没有直接新闻来源,但考虑到Amber投资交易所的动机和能力,此推断具有高概率可靠性。再如,Backpack疑似使用Circle的USDC清算服务,虽无明示,但从其业务模式和Circle的产品定位来看circle.com,这一幕后合作应该存在。同样地,Amber可能通过非公开方式向Backpack输出技术/合规支持,也是基于双方利益绑定关系而做出的推断。这些推测目前缺乏直接证据,只能算作可能性假设,需要后续留意更多细节披露。
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信息缺口与待验证点: 首先,关于Backpack具体的清算路径,我们仍不清楚它如何在链上/链下转换巨额USDC为法币。虽然Equals Money出现在汇款端btcxiaolinzi.top,但在那之前USDC的结算或许涉及Circle或其他做市商(如Amber)——这部分交易发生在后台,需更多技术信息或链上监控来捕捉。其次,Amber与Backpack之间除股权外是否存在合同约定的业务合作(如Amber成为指定做市商、提供信贷支持等)目前尚未公开,属于信息真空。第三,Backpack未来的代币发行和分配细节未知,Amber等投资方将如何参与、解锁周期如何,将直接影响“交叉代币”协作的发生与否,需等官方白皮书出台。第四,更多链上证据的挖掘:由于没有公开的钱包标签,很难直接将某条链上交易指认属于Amber或Backpack。但如果未来Backpack发行代币或大型交易上线,链上必然会出现相关资金流,我们可以通过已知Amber常用地址(如果有披露)来交叉比对,看其是否与Backpack生态有交互。这是一块需要进一步研究的领域,可能借助区块链分析工具和交易图谱来补全证据。最后,还有监管和法律结构的信息:例如Backpack在不同司法管辖区的注册实体与银行账号详情,FTX遗产处理过程中是否对Backpack团队有约束,这些在公开资料中都尚无答案。
结论
综合全篇分析,Backpack、Amber Group 与已倒闭的FTX之间确实存在千丝万缕的延续和关联。Backpack可以被视作FTX精神和技术路线的“继承者”之一——由FTX旧将创建,在FTX垮台造成的市场空白中迅速崛起coinspeaker.com。Amber Group 则扮演了重要的扶持者角色,通过投资和可能的资源注入,参与了Backpack的重建过程coinspeaker.com。在具体业务层面,Backpack延续了FTX时代的创新,如高效的稳定币清算和全球化业务布局,但为了适应新的环境,它也采用了新的工具(如Equals Money的出金渠道)和更严格的合规措施(迪拜等地的牌照)coinspeaker.com。这一切背后,隐现着Amber等老牌加密公司的身影支持,以及Circle等基础设施提供商的支撑。
当然,隐秘关联并不意味着不正当行为,上述关系很多是基于正常的商业合作和延续,只是未明言于公众。例如,前FTX团队利用自己的经验和人脉创建新平台,本身无可厚非;Amber投资新交易所也是市场行为。从推理和现有证据看,并没有直接迹象显示三者存在违法的秘密勾连。然而,对于研究者和行业观察者而言,了解这些联系有助于洞察加密行业格局的演变:FTX的倒下并未让其积累的人才和思想消失,反而通过创业和投资,以新的形式(Backpack)继续影响市场;Amber等老牌玩家则通过战略投资,将自己的版图延伸到新兴平台,以保持竞争力。
未来展望: 随着Backpack进一步发展,我们预计会有更多信息浮出水面来验证或修正上述假设。例如,Backpack若推出平台代币,其投资人持仓和解锁情况将记录在链,从而揭示Amber等的参与细节;再比如,Backpack进入美国市场时需要公开其合作银行或支付伙伴,届时我们可能印证Circle等在其中的角色。如果出现新的合作公告或监管披露文件,也能帮助我们更清晰地绘制三者关系网。目前的信息不对称使我们只能尽力拼凑一幅关联图景,并针对关键环节提供已知证据支持。仍存在的一些信息缺口需要持续跟进调查。总之,Backpack、Amber Group 与FTX的故事折射出加密行业的新旧交替与传承。在FTX的余烬上,新火花正在由熟悉旧世界的人点燃,而这些火花能否照亮一个更加合规稳健的未来,还有待时间检验。 nftgators.comcoinspeaker.com
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@ 3f770d65:7a745b24
2025-05-14 18:26:17🏌️ Monday, May 26 – Bitcoin Golf Championship & Kickoff Party
Location: Las Vegas, Nevada\ Event: 2nd Annual Bitcoin Golf Championship & Kick Off Party"\ Where: Bali Hai Golf Clubhouse, 5160 S Las Vegas Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89119\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!
Details:
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The week tees off in style with the Bitcoin Golf Championship. Swing clubs by day and swing to music by night.
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Live performances from Nostr-powered acts courtesy of Tunestr, including Ainsley Costello and others.
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Stop by the Purple Pill Booth hosted by Derek and Tanja, who will be on-boarding golfers and attendees to the decentralized social future with Nostr.
💬 May 27–29 – Bitcoin 2025 Conference at the Las Vegas Convention Center
Location: The Venetian Resort\ Main Attraction for Nostr Fans: The Nostr Lounge\ When: All day, Tuesday through Thursday\ Where: Right outside the Open Source Stage\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!
Come chill at the Nostr Lounge, your home base for all things decentralized social. With seating for \~50, comfy couches, high-tops, and good vibes, it’s the perfect space to meet developers, community leaders, and curious newcomers building the future of censorship-resistant communication.
Bonus: Right across the aisle, you’ll find Shopstr, a decentralized marketplace app built on Nostr. Stop by their booth to explore how peer-to-peer commerce works in a truly open ecosystem.
Daily Highlights at the Lounge:
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☕️ Hang out casually or sit down for a deeper conversation about the Nostr protocol
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🔧 1:1 demos from app teams
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🛍️ Merch available onsite
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🧠 Impromptu lightning talks
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🎤 Scheduled Meetups (details below)
🎯 Nostr Lounge Meetups
Wednesday, May 28 @ 1:00 PM
- Damus Meetup: Come meet the team behind Damus, the OG Nostr app for iOS that helped kickstart the social revolution. They'll also be showcasing their new cross-platform app, Notedeck, designed for a more unified Nostr experience across devices. Grab some merch, get a demo, and connect directly with the developers.
Thursday, May 29 @ 1:00 PM
- Primal Meetup: Dive into Primal, the slickest Nostr experience available on web, Android, and iOS. With a built-in wallet, zapping your favorite creators and friends has never been easier. The team will be on-site for hands-on demos, Q\&A, merch giveaways, and deeper discussions on building the social layer of Bitcoin.
🎙️ Nostr Talks at Bitcoin 2025
If you want to hear from the minds building decentralized social, make sure you attend these two official conference sessions:
1. FROSTR Workshop: Multisig Nostr Signing
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🕚 Time: 11:30 AM – 12:00 PM
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📅 Date: Wednesday, May 28
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📍 Location: Developer Zone
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🎤 Speaker: nostr:nprofile1qy2hwumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgqgdwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkcqpqs9etjgzjglwlaxdhsveq0qksxyh6xpdpn8ajh69ruetrug957r3qf4ggfm (Austin Kelsay) @ Voltage\ A deep-dive into FROST-based multisig key management for Nostr. Geared toward devs and power users interested in key security.
2. Panel: Decentralizing Social Media
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🕑 Time: 2:00 PM – 2:30 PM
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📅 Date: Thursday, May 29
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📍 Location: Genesis Stage
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🎙️ Moderator: nostr:nprofile1qyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttjv4kxz7fwv3jhyettwfhhxuewd4jsqgxnqajr23msx5malhhcz8paa2t0r70gfjpyncsqx56ztyj2nyyvlq00heps - Bitcoin Strategy @ Roxom TV
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👥 Speakers:
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nostr:nprofile1qyt8wumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgtcppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qqsy2ga7trfetvd3j65m3jptqw9k39wtq2mg85xz2w542p5dhg06e5qmhlpep – Early Bitcoin dev, CEO @ Sirius Business Ltd
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nostr:nprofile1qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytndv9kxjm3wdahxcqg5waehxw309ahx7um5wfekzarkvyhxuet5qqsw4v882mfjhq9u63j08kzyhqzqxqc8tgf740p4nxnk9jdv02u37ncdhu7e3 – Analyst & Partner @ Ego Death Capital
Get the big-picture perspective on why decentralized social matters and how Nostr fits into the future of digital communication.
🌃 NOS VEGAS Meetup & Afterparty
Date: Wednesday, May 28\ Time: 7:00 PM – 1:00 AM\ Location: We All Scream Nightclub, 517 Fremont St., Las Vegas, NV 89101\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!
What to Expect:
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🎶 Live Music Stage – Featuring Ainsley Costello, Sara Jade, Able James, Martin Groom, Bobby Shell, Jessie Lark, and other V4V artists
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🪩 DJ Party Deck – With sets by nostr:nprofile1qy0hwumn8ghj7cmgdae82uewd45kketyd9kxwetj9e3k7mf6xs6rgqgcwaehxw309ahx7um5wgh85mm694ek2unk9ehhyecqyq7hpmq75krx2zsywntgtpz5yzwjyg2c7sreardcqmcp0m67xrnkwylzzk4 , nostr:nprofile1qy2hwumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgqgkwaehxw309anx2etywvhxummnw3ezucnpdejqqg967faye3x6fxgnul77ej23l5aew8yj0x2e4a3tq2mkrgzrcvecfsk8xlu3 , and more DJs throwing down
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🛰️ Live-streamed via Tunestr
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Final Thoughts
Whether you're there to learn, network, party, or build, Bitcoin 2025 in Las Vegas has a packed week of Nostr-friendly programming. Be sure to catch all the events, visit the Nostr Lounge, and experience the growing decentralized social revolution.
🟣 Find us. Flock with us. Purple pill someone.
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@ 10f7c7f7:f5683da9
2025-05-14 17:51:45Let’s begin with a simple question, why do students go to a business school? Other than the obvious of not really knowing what they want to do in the future and thinking they will at least be able to get a graduate job of some type when they leave. The difficulty for business schools is then how to develop and deliver an education that provides students with a general overview of important topics of a modern business, finance, accounting, human resources, economics, marketing and a variety of other management topics, such as operations, sustainability and analytics, to name a few, that remains up to date. Not only have difficulties emerged recently with the advent of easily accessible large language models making the life of an unscrupulous student easier and the life of the diligent lecturer more difficult, but the whole nature of business is continually changing. Why learn about operations, if I can get all I need from some dark factory overseas? Why put together a marketing plan for my business, when anyone with a following can sell all the products they want with a single post? Why learn about the nuances of accounting theory when a) you’ll need to go through formal training irrespective of the degree the student earned, and b) the job may soon no longer exist as a result of AI based automation?
While a touch dark, these are questions that need to be asked within business schools today to ensure that 18 and 19 year olds, entering university, preparing to saddle themselves with upwards of £30,000 worth of debt, are not making a massive, expensive mistake. While there are the benefits related to the social and maturing process of attending university, the cost of university has forever changed this calculation for most, other than the most privileged and wealthy students. Compared to 20 years ago, taking a few years out and then starting a job made sense, where living expensive could be covered by a combination of loans, part time work and help from parents, with resources left over to a little fun. If the above questions are valid, attending university for 3 years, and then potentially feeling the need to also complete a postgraduate degree to “set yourself apart”, what you actually come out of university with needs to be given a lot of attention. As someone who has taught in university for over 10 years, I’ve seen both changes in the business environment and how students engage with studies have changed. Putting it simply, many are more focused on making ends meet than learning anything, meaning many will take any opportunity to save a little time on a piece of coursework, just to get a pass, e.g. asking chatgpt to write a 3000-word essay on “X” topic.
For me, this has resulted in students with more focus upon “getting a good degree”, than engaging in learning, meaning every short cut is taken and the drive to come out of university as a better person appears, at least partially, lost. From finding out about bitcoin a little over 5 years ago, and studying it rather intently for the last 2 and a half, I think it represents a critical subject for helping Business Schools remain relevant. Bitcoin is emerging as potentially the most important economic innovation ever, and the most rapidly growing asset in history, but it appears looked down upon in the school I work. Whether off hand comments in department meetings of “pay me in bitcoin” (followed by muffled laughter), “students only want to do research projects on ‘cryptocurrencies’” said condescendingly by an economics lecturer or published work clearly stating “we find empirical evidence that the fundamental price of Bitcoin is zero”. If people outside academia worry that universities are becoming indoctrination institutions, training young people not to investigate new topics, these views of academics are unlikely to provide an environment for a balanced, open discussion.
While I would not want to paint all members of the business school where I work with the same broad brush, I would a) be extremely interested to know how many modules make reference to bitcoin, b) how many members of staff are aware of bitcoin and c) how many have actually read the bitcoin white paper. While I wouldn’t want to make any assumptions, I would not be surprised if the responses to b) were magnitudes greater than the responses to a) and c) combined. If this is the case, the question is then raised of why this is relevant and what the students are likely missing out on by not providing them with education on this emerging topic. Importantly, this does not mean education on the thousands of new cryptocurrency projects that are released on a daily basis, just education of bitcoin, bitcoin was the first, it is the most valuable by market cap, it is the innovation, everything else doesn’t warrant attention.
Firstly, to reflect on bitcoin having a value of zero, if a student graduating university in 2025 spent their first year’s tuition fees on bitcoin (Fees approximately £9,000, bitcoin approximately £16,000 in Sept 2022), they would have been able to purchase 0.55btc. By 13-05-2025 (2 months before graduation), that same purchase would be worth over £45,000, very much non-zero. While this may be viewed by some as an example that only a high-risk gambler would pursue, a similar argument could be made for a student spending £30k (plus living expenses) to study a subject they likely didn’t fully understand, to hopefully secure a job to pay back that loan in 3 years time. However, saying that, if the student had bought bitcoin when it was higher (September 2021, so buying 0.23btc) by graduation in July 2024, there bitcoin would ONLY be worth a little over £12k (still greater than the initial investment and more than zero). However, as someone who believes in the value of education, I’m not going to tell my children or anyone of university age to take out a student loan and buy bitcoin with it, apart from likely being illegal, and at least “not in line with their intended use”.
The old man academic curmudgeon in me would suggest that the student go and learn a craft, that will have value in the future, becoming a plumber, an electrician or a carpenter, while learning about bitcoin on the side. However, after 15 years from the age of 4, being fed state sponsored indoctrination that “all the smart kids go to university”, putting such pressure on a young person may appear unkind, if ultimately “good for them”. So, what options might an academically competent individual have when they leave school and may want to keep studying? This might be where a university’s business school may be able to step in, although in my opinion, every effort must be made to reduce costs, while also increasing value of the experience. Spending money given to children (by government) for their education on administrative staff and new buildings that don’t benefit students, not to mention lecture theatres and seminar rooms that many students choose not to frequent, feels deeply wrong. The money students pay for their education should help foster a deep drive to enquire about subjects they do not yet understand and then be able to articulate and communicate that learning to others. Ideally, students will leave university with skills, that may not be quite as hands on as if they had learnt a craft, but hopefully practical in terms of helping their future employers succeed.
Now, while there are near infinite topics and examples that could be considered, from AI to robotization to new marketing philosophies to new approaches to managing supply chains, introducing bitcoin may provide a useful foundation on which to begin development of curriculum. The main concern is the views of those within the business school, while I only have a few data points and would like to be proved wrong, I worry that the British Broadcasting Corporation has successfully tainted their views on bitcoin. Did you know that each bitcoin payment‘uses a swimming pool of water’? I hope you didn’t because that was a blatantly false statement from the BBC that not been retracted since first being published in November 2023. If the views of those within the business school are misinformed, but also, if this topic they are aware of has not led to them exploring this topic further leads to further concerns, are they not inquisitive? I imagine points in the future when colleagues tell me how luck I was, to have bought bitcoin in 2020 and they aren’t so fortunate, I bite my tongue, then say; I’m not lucky, I just made the effort to learn about bitcoin (which is the most socially acceptable response I can find). But this isn’t just about buying an asset that may go up in value, but using bitcoin to add new relevance to so much of what is taught in a business school, to prepare graduates or entrepreneurs for a future that will likely benefit from having bitcoin integrated into it.
This is not a place to begin listing each module and describe in detail how bitcoin must be integrated into it. This is not sustainability, and I would not want module leaders to feel they are required to do something, even when the outcome is students feeling they are repeatedly covering topics that are not relevant to them or the topic they are studying. However, if those designing modules can appreciate what bitcoin is, they may be able to appreciate particular modules within their suite that may have elements that are aligned with aspects of bitcoin. While in no way exhaustive, modules could ask or include such topics as:
1) Marketing: How a trillion-dollar asset succeeded without a marketing budget?
2) Sustainability: How bitcoin mining is transforming renewable energy generation
3) Finance: Financial engineering of bitcoin treasury companies
4) Entrepreneurship: Venture capital for bitcoin native firms
5) Human resources: New models of staff engagement and remuneration
6) Tourism: Developing bitcoin holiday destinations
7) Economics: Exploring economies using fixed supply assets in practice
8) Accounting: Exploring alternative units of account in business
9) Business Start-up: Exploring bitcoin enabled business start-ups
10) Operations: Reimagining operational improvement initiatives
Through a process of clearly introducing what bitcoin is, as well as questioning established views and misunderstanding of bitcoin, modules would be able to provide students with opportunities to both learn about bitcoin and then apply it within their subject area. In comparison to the above example of the impact of simply buying bitcoin instead of going to university, the suggested modules would allow students to apply what they had learnt about bitcoin to practical contexts. By taking a step back from the potential to get more dollars or pounds, learning about bitcoin may also allow students to build appreciations of behaviours that are often associated with money that doesn’t need to be spent immediately, low time preference. While there would be no obligation, this may also enable students to begin saving in bitcoin during their time at university (rather than spending everything they earn on take out), preparing themselves for some time in the future, with assets they have previously accumulated that have appreciated in value.
However, these benefits are not limited to the students, if members of staff have been sufficiently inquisitive to explore how bitcoin could be integrated into their module or indeed their own research, they may also choose to begin saving in bitcoin. While academic careers are accepted as having potentially lower wages that some private sector jobs, but having this balanced again flexible working and good pensions, in recently years, drops in student numbers and limits on international students have put many institutions under considerable pressure. As a result, lecturers are coming under more pressure to publish more with less time dedicated to research, while also being required to spend more time in classrooms with the associate preparatory and marking burden. Without saving in bitcoin, a major concern for me is that academics are being continually stretched to do more with less, doing their own research in evenings and weekends, forced to remain in academia to collect their “good pension”, which may ultimately get cut. While able to maintain the existing system of students receiving face to face support in the short term, without spare resources to develop new knowledge and refreshing teaching material, the students will ultimately suffer, with staff being stretched ever thinner. Learning about, and then saving in bitcoin may provide staff with a buffer, knowing that they have been able to accumulate sufficient assets so they are not required to continue working 5 days a week into their 50s or 60s. The released time could then be directed towards their own learning, allowing them to make use of newly released slack resources for research and then research informed teaching.
So, to return to the opening question, why do students go to a business school? While it may be to understand elements of a business to help them decide what area of a business they may want to work in, it also needs to be able to provide students with the skills to succeed in which ever part of a business they choose to work in. For this, students need to know why they have gone to university in the first place and then had sufficient time to study and learn. Without this, university may simply be viewed as a very expensive, few gap years, they then spend the next couple of decades paying for. What learning about bitcoin may do during their university journey may do is help them answer more fundamental questions, such as what is money, which if they can’t answer, the aims of a business school and the purpose of getting a better paid graduate job must be difficult to articulate. Why spend 3 years accumulating debt, only to spend the following decades paying that debt off, particularly if the money you are earning is losing its value because of inflation? Another topic that integrating bitcoin into a business school would help articulate more clearly, particularly if existing economics modules are based on the work of John Maynard Keynes; no, no, no, inflation is not good, can you give me an example of when theft produced a positive outcome?
For those few (as a portion of population) individuals and businesses that have begun to save in bitcoin, with prices per coin approaching new all time highs, this has likely been a good decision. Bitcoin is good for saving and for businesses looking to be around in the long term, at the very least being able to save in bitcoin, is likely to have a positive impact on the business. To extend this argument to a university, but specifically a Business School, integrating bitcoin could provide students with an introduction to help them save for the future and learn about bitcoin’s relevance to business, while also potentially helping staff spend more time doing what they value. While I would never say that Business Schools should adopt/integrate bitcoin, I would definitely not want to be seen as an educational institution that wasn’t sufficiently inquisitive to be actively investigating this emerging strategic reserve asset.
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@ bbef5093:71228592
2025-05-14 15:28:13Nukleáris politika – 2025. május 14. | Írta: David Dalton
Dánia fontolgatja a 40 éve tartó atomerőmű-tilalom feloldását
Dánia fontolgatja a 40 éve érvényben lévő atomerőmű-tilalom feloldását, hogy javítsa energiaellátásának biztonságát, és elkerülje az olyan áramszüneteket, mint amilyenek múlt hónapban Spanyolországot és Portugáliát sújtották – közölte az ország energiaügyi minisztere.
Lars Aagaard a dán Politiken napilapnak május 13-án elmondta, hogy a koppenhágai centrista koalíció egy évig elemzi majd az atomenergia újbóli bevezetésének előnyeit és hátrányait.
„Láthatjuk, hogy fejlődés zajlik az új atomenergia-technológiák, például a kis moduláris reaktorok terén” – mondta Aagaard.
„De önmagában nem elég, hogy ezekben lehetőség rejlik. Azt is tudnunk kell, mit jelentene a dán társadalom számára, ha lehetővé tennénk ezeknek a technológiáknak a bevezetését” – tette hozzá.
Május 14-én Aagaardnak nyilvános meghallgatáson kellett megjelennie a parlamentben, hogy válaszoljon az ellenzéki pártok kérdéseire, amelyek támogatják az atomenergia visszahozatalát.
Az 1985-ös tilalom feloldása Dániát azon országok növekvő csoportjába sorolná, amelyek az atomenergiát a megújuló energiaforrások kiegyensúlyozására használják az áramtermelésben.
A szomszédos Svédország jobboldali kormánya megpróbálja újjáéleszteni az atomenergiát az országban, ahol még három atomerőmű működik, miután a Three Mile Island-i (USA) 1979-es baleset óta folyamatosan vitatkoznak a bezárásukról.
Norvégia eközben bizottságot hozott létre az atomenergia lehetőségeinek vizsgálatára, és olyan cégek jelentek meg, amelyek kis moduláris reaktorok telepítését tervezik.
Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Dánia volt miniszterelnöke és a NATO egykori főtitkára a brit Financial Timesnak azt mondta, támogatja a „nevetséges” tilalom feloldását.
Dán milliárdos alapja támogatja az atomenergiát
Dánia Európában az egyik legmagasabb megújuló energia részaránnyal rendelkezik az áramtermelésben, köszönhetően a partjai mentén található hatalmas tengeri szélerőműveknek.
Dániában sosem működtek kereskedelmi atomerőművek, de három kutatóreaktort üzemeltettek 1957 és 1960 között. Ezeket mind leállították, jelenleg leszerelik őket.
Múlt hónapban Joachim Ante dán milliárdos által támogatott alap bejelentette, hogy 350 millió eurót kíván összegyűjteni a fejlett atomenergia-ipar és annak ellátási láncának támogatására. A 92 Capital az atomenergia újjáéledésére számít, mivel egyre nagyobb az aggodalom az energiaellátás biztonsága miatt.
Ante, aki a Unity nevű videojáték-szoftvercéget alapította, eddig 50 millió eurót fektetett be saját vagyonából.
Az alap korábbi változata, a 92 Ventures, befektetett a svéd Blykalla és a finn Steady Energy cégekbe, amelyek mind kis moduláris reaktorok fejlesztésén dolgoznak.
A dán Seaborg Technologies több országban vizsgálja kompakt, olvadt sóval működő, úszó „erőmű bárka” technológiájának telepítési lehetőségeit.
Urán és üzemanyag – 2025. május 14. | Írta: David Dalton
Az USA felgyorsítja a Utah-i uránprojektet, miközben Trump az „energia-válság” megoldására törekszik
Az amerikai belügyminisztérium bejelentette, hogy gyorsított környezetvédelmi engedélyezési eljárás alá vonja az Anfield Energy által javasolt Velvet-Wood uránbánya projektet Utah államban, hogy elősegítse Donald Trump elnök törekvését a hazai energiatermelés növelésére.
Ennek eredményeként a projekt környezeti felülvizsgálata mindössze 14 nap alatt lezajlik – közölte a minisztérium.
Az ilyen vizsgálatok általában évekig tartanak az uránbányászat lehetséges környezeti hatásai miatt.
A kanadai Anfield Energy szerint a Velvet-Wood az első uránprojekt, amelyet az amerikai kormány gyorsított eljárásban kezel Trump energiafüggetlenségi vészhelyzeti nyilatkozata alapján. A cég szerint ez „határozott elmozdulás a hazai nukleáris üzemanyag-ellátás szövetségi támogatása felé”.
Doug Burgum belügyminiszter szerint Amerika riasztó energiavészhelyzettel néz szembe az előző kormányzat „klímaszélsőséges” politikája miatt.
„Trump elnök és kormánya gyorsasággal és erővel válaszol, hogy megoldja ezt a válságot” – mondta.
„A bányászati projekt gyorsított felülvizsgálata pontosan az a határozott lépés, amelyre szükségünk van energia-jövőnk biztosításához.”
Ha jóváhagyják, a San Juan megyében lévő Velvet-Wood bánya uránt termelne, amelyet atomerőművek üzemanyagaként és nukleáris fegyverek előállításához is használnak, valamint vanádiumot, amely akkumulátorokban vagy acél és más ötvözetek erősítésére használható.
A belügyminisztérium szerint a projekt egy korábbi bányászati művelet helyszínén valósulna meg, és csak három hektárnyi új felszíni zavarás keletkezne.
Az Anfield tulajdonában van a Shootaring Canyon uránfeldolgozó üzem is Utah-ban, amelyet újraindítani tervez. Ez az üzem az uránércet urán-koncentrátummá alakítaná, amely atomerőművek üzemanyagaként használható.
Az Anfield 2015-ben vásárolta meg a Velvet-Wood bányát az Uranium One-tól. 1979 és 1984 között az Atlas Minerals mintegy 400 000 tonna ércet bányászott ki a Velvet-lelőhelyen, és körülbelül négy millió font triurán-okt-oxidot (U3O8) nyert ki.
Az U3O8, más néven „sárga sütemény”, egyfajta urán-koncentrátum por, amelyet atomerőművek üzemanyagának előállítására használnak.
Új építés – 2025. május 14. | Írta: David Dalton
Brüsszel „jelentős kockázatot” lát a Dukovany atomerőmű projektben a tisztességtelen állami támogatás miatt
Brüsszel „jelentős” kockázatot lát abban, hogy a dél-koreai cég, amely elnyerte a két új atomerőmű szállítására kiírt szerződést a csehországi Dukovany telephelyére, tisztességtelen állami támogatásban részesült.
A Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP), az állami Kepco leányvállalata, a francia állami EDF és az amerikai Westinghouse előtt nyerte el a szerződést.
Brüsszel azonban arra kérte a cseh kormányt, hogy függessze fel a szerződést, amíg az EU külföldi támogatásokról szóló rendelete alapján döntés nem születik, amely az uniós vállalatokat hivatott védeni a jelentős állami támogatásban részesülő külföldi versenytársakkal szemben.
Stéphane Séjourné, az EU belső piacért felelős biztosa május 2-i levelében azt írta, hogy „jelentős jelek” utalnak arra, hogy a KHNP állami támogatásban részesült, ami torzíthatja az unió belső piacát, és tisztességtelen előnyt adhat az európai versenytársakkal szemben.
A széles körben ismertetett levél szerint a szerződés aláírása veszélyeztetné a bizottság vizsgálati lehetőségét.
Egy cseh regionális bíróság május 6-án felfüggesztette a szerződést az EDF fellebbezése után, amely szerint a szerződés precedenst teremtene, lehetővé téve a dél-koreai cég számára, hogy agresszíven pályázzon más európai szerződésekre.
Egy EU-tisztviselő szerint Séjourné, aki francia, kizárólag az uniós jog betartatása érdekében lépett közbe, nem pedig hazája érdekeinek védelmében.
A cseh CTK hírügynökség idézte Petr Fiala cseh miniszterelnököt, aki szerint a levél a biztostól származik, de nem képviseli a bizottság hivatalos álláspontját, és nincs kötelező ereje.
Az Euractiv szerint egy bizottsági szóvivő május 12-én újságíróknak azt mondta, hogy Séjourné levele „egyáltalán nem kérte a dolgok felfüggesztését”.
A cseh cég szerint az állami támogatás vádja „spekuláció”
A reaktorprojektért felelős cseh cég, az Elektrárna Dukovany II (EDU II) közleményt adott ki, amelyben megvédte a kiválasztási folyamatot, és felszólította az EDF-et, hogy hozza nyilvánosságra a pályázat során benyújtott ajánlatát.
Az EDU II, a cseh állami közműcég, a ČEZ leányvállalata, közölte, hogy „teljes kártérítést” követel, és megvédi a részvényesi értéket a pereskedéssel szemben.
A közlemény szerint az illegális támogatás vádja „a sikertelen pályázó spekulációja”.
Dél-Korea és Csehország megerősítette elkötelezettségét az atomerőmű-szerződés aláírása mellett, a bírósági döntés ellenére is.
Sajtóhírek szerint a cseh kormány május 7-i ülésén közölte, hogy az EDU II a lehető leghamarabb folytatja a szerződéskötést a KHNP-vel két atomerőmű építésére.
A két új, nagy kapacitású APR1400 típusú blokkot a KHNP szállítja, és a dél-csehországi Dukovany atomerőmű meglévő telephelyén építik fel, mintegy 50 kilométerre az osztrák határtól.
Az eredetileg május 7-re tervezett szerződéskötést elhalasztották, miután bírósági végzést adtak ki az EDF jogi kifogása miatt.
Kutatás-fejlesztés – 2025. május 14. | Írta: David Dalton
Vizsgálati program bizonyítja a szállítható atomerőművek robusztusságát – állítja a Prodigy
Egy elsőként végrehajtott vizsgálati program bizonyítja, hogy a szállítható atomerőművek képesek ellenállni baleseti és veszélyhelyzeti forgatókönyveknek – és kritikus adatokat szolgáltat a kereskedelmi engedélyezés támogatásához 2030-ig.
A kanadai Prodigy Clean Energy és a Serco közölte, hogy a vizsgálatokat részben a kanadai szövetségi kormány 2,7 millió kanadai dolláros támogatása finanszírozta, amely a kis moduláris reaktorok fejlesztését célozza.
A Prodigy szerint szállítható atomerőművei tengeri létesítményben készülnek, majd a helyszínre szállítják őket, így gyors telepítési megoldást kínálnak az új atomenergia gyors és versenyképes költségű bevezetésére.
A cég lényegében „csomagolja” a kis moduláris reaktorokat és mikroreaktorokat előre gyártott, áthelyezhető erőművi szerkezetekbe. Az egységek kombinálhatók, így 5 megawattól 1000 megawattig terjedő kapacitás érhető el.
„A szállítható atomerőművek nagyon kis partszakaszt igényelnek, és testre szabhatók reaktortípus és méret szerint” – közölte a cég.
Azt is közölték, hogy a brit központú Serco-val együttműködve tesztelik a szállítható atomerőművek ellenállását és szerkezeti teljesítményét „a legnehezebb körülmények között”, beleértve a repülőgép-becsapódást és hajóütközést; földrengést, jeget és más szélsőséges időjárási és óceáni eseményeket; tüzet és árvizet; valamint a belső rakétabecsapódás elleni ellenállást.
„A Prodigy elvégzi a szükséges munkát, hogy a szállítható atomerőművek időben piacra kerülhessenek Észak-Amerikában” – mondta Mathias Trojer, a cég elnök-vezérigazgatója.
Hozzátette, hogy a Prodigy reaktortechnológiái mostanra elérték azt a szintet, hogy részletes mérnöki együttműködéseket indíthatnak komoly partnerekkel.
A Prodigy szerint szállítható atomerőművei szén-dioxid-mentes alapterhelést tudnak biztosítani távoli bányák, közösségek, védelmi létesítmények és sarkvidéki adatközpontok számára.
Egyéb hírek
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Szerb atomenergia-tanulmány június végére készül el: Előzetes tanulmány készül Szerbia atomenergia-használatáról, amely a második negyedév végére várható. A francia állami energiaszolgáltató EDF és a francia Egis Industries mérnöki vállalat nyerte el a tanulmány elkészítésére kiírt pályázatot, amely egy lehetséges nukleáris program ütemtervét is tartalmazza. Szerbiában nincs kereskedelmi atomerőmű, de tavaly öt minisztérium együttműködési megállapodást írt alá húsz tudományos és állami energetikai intézménnyel az első atomerőmű telepítésének lehetőségét vizsgálva.
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Az U3O8 spot árfolyama kissé emelkedett, de bizonytalanság marad: Az amerikai TradeTech szerint az U3O8 spot árfolyama 70 dollár fontonként, ami 7,7%-os emelkedés áprilishoz képest, de év eleje óta 7,9%-kal alacsonyabb. A középtávú ár 72 dollár, a hosszú távú ár 80 dollár fontonként. A bizonytalanság oka többek között az USA és Oroszország közötti kapcsolatok javításának nehézségei, valamint az amerikai mesterséges intelligencia-fejlesztések energiaigénye, miközben a kínai versenytársak hatékonyabbak.
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Tanulmány a skót nukleáris leszerelési program hosszú távú előnyeiről: Skócia 25 milliárd fontos nukleáris leszerelési programja jelentős hosszú távú gazdasági és társadalmi előnyöket hozhat országos és helyi szinten a következő 90 évben és azon túl is. Három nukleáris létesítmény van Skóciában leszerelési fázisban: Dounreay, Hunterston A és Chapelcross. A Hunterston B-t jelenleg üzemanyag-mentesítik, a Torness és a Vulcan is hamarosan leszerelési fázisba lép.
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@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8
2025-05-14 15:22:46Es ist nicht anders zu erklären: Wir erleben die Verschwörung fast aller Politiker (jetzt schon die 2. Garde herausragender Geistesgrößen), Institutionen (NGOs), Behörden (RKI, PEI), Gerichte und die öffentlich-rechtlichen Medien gemeinsam gegen die Wahrheit. Erkennungszeichen: Der in Moral getauchte erhobene Zeigefinger als neuer deutscher Gruß. Das ist Größenwahn!
Dies wird jedoch nur von einem kleinen Teil der Gesellschaft wahrgenommen, weil der weitaus größere Teil nach wie vor die Wahrheit nicht hören will.
Aktuelles Beispiel: Das war sicher nur eine Rotzfahne, die Herr Macron, bekannt für sein schlechtes Benehmen, auf dem Tisch liegen lassen hat, nachdem er sich geschnäuzt hatte. Und Herr Merz hat mit einer Büroklammer gespielt, die wie ein Speitel aussah.
Das ist ein psychologisches Ding, und die Frage ist, warum manche immun gegen Propaganda und Manipulation sind und viele leider nicht.
Deutschland macht sich sowohl innen- als auch außenpolitisch immer mehr zur Deppen-Insel. Während außerhalb Friedensbemühungen stattfinden, droht der Blackrock-Spargel 2. Wahl weiter mit neuen Sanktionen, die in der Vergangenheit schon nicht gewirkt haben. Die Beschlagnahmung russischer Gelder kann dazu führen, dass europäische Gelder im Ausland ebenso beschlagnahmt werden, und das könnte das Ende des Euro bedeuten, was an sich nicht das Problem wäre, wenn die Menschen nicht unter einer Finanzkrise zu leiden hätten. „Der kleine Mann“ war ja von je her immer schon der Doofe.
Taurus ist immer noch nicht endgültig vom Tisch. Es kommt gar nicht darauf an, dass die Lieferung den Kriegsverlauf nicht beeinflussen würde, sondern vielmehr darauf, dass sich spätestens hier Wiesbaden, Düsseldorf-Rheinmetall, Garmisch-Patenkirchen und die Waffenindustrie am Bodensee zu einem legitimen Ziel für Russland machen würden.
Innenpolitisch kommen die in der Corona-Zeit erprobten, bewährten und loyalen Systemlinge aus den Medien in Sprecherpositionen in die Bundespressekonferenz-Show oder ins Innenministerium. Eine Ex-Ministerin landet sanft im Desinformations-Bekämpfungs-Ausschuss, wo sie aufgrund ihrer eigenen Praxiserfahrung in Desinformieren bestens aufgehoben ist.
Ein anderer Minister wechselt in den Ausschuss für „Peterchens Mondfahrt“. Ganz oben auf der Agenda: Rheinländer im Weltall.
Die ehemalige Chef-Diplomatin, die bis heute noch nicht verstanden hat, dass Diplomatie nicht das Ausstellen von Diplomen bedeutet, landet hunderttausende von Kilometern entfernt in Nju Jörg, um ein paar Brocken Englisch zu lernen. Der Speck der Hoffnung stirbt zuletzt, möge die Übung gelingen.
Alles zusammen erzeugt so viel Unterdruck, der geeignet ist, eine Implosion herbeizuführen.
Der Widerstand kann stolz auf die vielen engagierten Menschen sein, die sich über Jahre nicht haben brechen lassen und unbeirrt das Schild der Freiheit, der Demokratie, der Meinungsfreiheit, das Grundgesetz, das Recht und die Würde des Menschen hochhalten.
Die staatlichen Schikanen, die spätestens mit Corona ihren Anfang genommen haben, hier aber auf jeden Fall sichtbar geworden sind, haben sowohl das Schlimmste, als auch das Beste im Menschen hervorgerufen. Die Spaltung hat zwangsläufig erfolgen müssen, weil die Widerständler, im Sinne eines sich gegen das Volk richtenden Systems, immer wieder auf die Ja-Sager zugegangen sind, diese jedoch die Wiederaufnahme eines Dialogs weitgehend abgelehnt haben. Sei es durch aktive Verwehrung, oder durch passives Schweigen und Ignorieren.
All diese Schikanen, die Lügen, Weglassungen, Verdrehungen haben auch etwas Gutes: Sie haben bei vielen Menschen das Denken geschult und noch einmal ganz bewusst gemacht, wie wichtig die Freiheit ist. Sie haben erkannt, dass sie keine Naturgewalt ist und dass es nötig ist, sich für sie einzusetzen, wenn Kräfte am Werk sind, die sie abschaffen wollen.
Ja, dem Widerstand geht es um die Freiheit. Die Freiheit im Denken, im Fühlen und im Wollen. Und seit Corona auch im freien Atmen.
Denjenigen, die glauben, dass all ihre Schreiben, Berechnungen, Posts, Videos und Kanäle bis heute nichts gebracht haben, denen sei gesagt:
Doch, ihr habt die Aufklärung übernommen, die eigentlich von staatlicher Seite her hätte erfolgen müssen.
Alle Fakten sind sauber recherchiert und liegen auf dem Tisch. Das alles war und ist nicht umsonst.
Da an die Tatsachenverbreitung derjenigen Medien, die zur Verschwörung gehören, nicht zu denken ist, machen wir es eben selbst. Das dauert vielleicht länger, aber die Wahrheit hat sich am Ende immer durchgesetzt. Nicht verzagen, steter Tropfen höhlt den Stein.
Und seien wir doch mal ehrlich: Würden wir freiwillig an dem Ast sägen, auf dem wir sitzen, wenn wir in deren misslicher Lage wären? Es kann nur weiter gelogen werden, weil in einigen temperamentvolleren Ländern als Deutschland, die Bevölkerung kurzen Prozess machen würde. Daraus könnte ein Domino-Effekt entstehen, und der ist unter allen Umständen zu verhindern.
Es wäre noch nicht einmal undenkbar, diejenigen weiter in der Matrix leben zu lassen, denen die Realität und Tatsachen zu anstrengend sind, wenn gewährleistet würde, dass diejenigen, die sich entschieden haben die rote Pille zu schlucken, in Ruhe gelassen würden. Derzeit hat man eher den Eindruck, es wird mit allen Mitteln versucht, diese Menschen wieder ins System zurücksaugen zu wollen. Sei es mit dem Digital Services Act, Hausdurchsuchungen, Kontenkündigungen, Jobverlust, Existenzvernichtung oder anderen Maßnahmen, die geeignet sind, Exempel zu statuieren, die andere einschüchtern sollen, ja nicht auch auf die Idee zu kommen, sich dem System entgegenzustellen und die falschen Fragen laut auszusprechen.
Kein Mensch hat das Recht zu gehorchen!
Wir wollen keine Tyrannei der Mehrheit. Die breite Masse der Gesellschaft ist immer schon mit dem Strom geschwommen, sei es aus Bequemlichkeit, aus Unvermögen oder aus Desinteresse. Kein Wecker kann hier laut genug klingeln, um sie aufzuwecken.
Die Diplomatie in Deutschland wurde abgeschafft. Nicht, weil erkannt wurde, dass sie in der heutigen Zeit nicht mehr funktioniert, sondern weil diejenigen, die es können müssten, mangels fachlicher, sachlicher und menschlicher Qualifikation dazu nicht in der Lage sind. Diplomatisches Unvermögen und eine ordentliche Portion Russenhass scheinen unbedingtes Einstellungskriterium zu sein, um in Verantwortung zu kommen. Wer in Drohen eine Eins hatte, ist ganz vorne dabei.
Es ist ein unverschämter Raub von Lebenszeit der Beklagten, wie z. B. Ballweg, Füllmich, Guérot, der nur dazu dient, Exempel zu statuieren, um zu zeigen, wie das System seine Muskeln spielen lassen kann, wenn man nicht so funktioniert, wie es sich das System wünscht. Aber auch hier und da gibt es noch Richter, die ihrem Gewissen verpflichtet sind, unterstützt von unermüdlichen Anwälten, die sich der Rechtspflege und nicht dem Rechtsverdrehen verpflichtet sehen. Deutschland hat gute Gesetze, wenn sie nur schon wieder vollumfänglich gelten würden. Nicht kritische Stimmen delegitimieren den Staat, sondern der sogenannte Staat verbiegt die Rechtsprechung zu seinen Gunsten, auf die wir uns alle geeinigt haben und die für uns alle gilt.
Und sogar in der Medizin gibt es noch Ärzte mit Gewissen, denen der Satz „Primum non nocere“ oberste Pflicht und Berufsehre ist. Deren Aufgabe wäre es, das bei dem kritischen Teil des Volkes nicht mehr vorhandene Vertrauen, nach allen Regeln der Heilkunst wieder herzustellen. Begleitet durch die Forderung der Abschaffung der Fallpauschalen und das Wiederabschaffen der verordneten Gewinnorientierung zugunsten eines möglichst wirtschaftlich arbeitenden Gesundheitsbetriebes. Besonderer Respekt wäre hier der Generation zu zollen, die dieses Land wiederaufgebaut hat, nachdem ein Irrer es wiederholt in Schutt und Asche gelegt hat.
Ein Neuanfang ist schon mit dem ständigen Wachsen der Neuen Medien getan. Wer schaut sich noch den einseitig-selbstherrlichen Dreck im Staatsfunk an oder liest eine Zeitung aus dem Neues-Deutschland-Verlag?
Der tägliche Wahnsinn mit einem schier unerschöpflichen Potenzial für neue Absurditäten zehrt an denjenigen, die der Gehirnwäsche erfolgreich widerstanden haben. Und wenn es auch Tage der Niedergeschlagenheit gibt, am nächsten Tag wird die Krone zurechtgerückt und weitergemacht, ok? Niemals vergessen: Wir, die wir offensichtlich bei Verstand geblieben sind, können jeden Morgen in den Spiegel schauen, wir sind aufrichtig und haben ein Rückgrat. Wir sind keine wirbellosen Nacktschnecken, die eine klebrige Schleimspur hinter sich herziehen und zu nichts anderem taugen, als anderen auf den Wecker zu gehen und das Leben schwer zu machen.
Wir sind keine egoistischen Speichellecker, die nur darauf bedacht sind, irgendwie mit dem Kopf über Wasser zu bleiben, weil sie sich eingeredet haben, dass sie davonkommen:
„Wird schon gut gehen. Wir sind auf der Seite der Gewinner. Wir sind die Stärkeren. Wir halten zusammen. Gegen uns kommen diese Deppen sowieso nicht an.“
Ich bin der Teil von jener Kraft, die Böses will und Gutes schafft.
Wir werden sehen, wer hier die Hosen anhat: Die Wahrheit oder der Wahnsinn.
Dieser Artikel wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben
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(Bild von pixabay)
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@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b
2025-05-08 07:04:56Backpack 平台 USDC 出金渠道深度研究报告
背景简介
Backpack 是近年来崛起的加密交易与钱包平台,由前 FTX/Alameda 团队成员创立coindesk.comfinsmes.com。2024 年初 Backpack 曾宣布与 Banxa 合作提供法币出入金服务,支持130多个国家用户使用信用卡/银行渠道买卖加密资产learn.backpack.exchange。2025 年 5 月,Backpack 官方更是推出“0 手续费”的 USD⇄USDC 出金通道,允许用户通过电汇将 USDC 1:1 无损兑换为美元并提取到银行账户lianpr.combinance.com。本报告将详细分析 Backpack 当前的出金方式及其合作渠道、低成本运营的原因、Backpack 与支付机构 Equals Money 的关系,并探讨如果搭建类似的加密金融服务,应如何与 USDC 发行方 Circle 建立合作。
Backpack 的 USDC 出金方式与合作渠道
USD⇄USDC 零手续费通道 – Backpack Exchange 已面向全球用户开放美元与 USDC 间的法币转换,并永久免除任何手续费23btc.com。用户完成 KYC 验证后,可以通过 电汇(Wire Transfer) 将美元直接充值到 Backpack 平台获取等值 USDC,或将持有的 USDC 提现兑换为美元电汇至本人银行账户binance.com。据官方介绍,该通道具备“三大核心优势”:一是零摩擦转换,实现美元与 USDC 间的无缝1:1兑换;二是即时到账,宣称电汇入金/提现可秒级处理;三是全球覆盖,后续将支持 ACH、SEPA 等本地清算网络23btc.com。
合作金融机构 – 为实现合规的法币收付,Backpack 并非自行持有银行牌照,而是借助第三方持牌机构的通道来托管用户的法币资金assets.ctfassets.net。有迹象表明 Backpack 使用了英国的电子货币机构 Equals Money 作为其出入金通道之一:在其开源代码中,Backpack 将“EqualsMoney”集成为一个区块链/支付网络类型github.com。这意味着 Backpack 平台可以通过 Equals Money 提供的多币种账户和支付网络,来代收用户的银行转账并代付提现资金。除了英国渠道,Backpack 集团在全球多地布有实体,以拓展支付能力。例如,用户实测的电汇显示汇款方为 “Trek Labs Australia Pty Ltd”(Backpack 在澳大利亚的子公司)medium.com。这家公司作为汇款主体将等值美元汇出到用户银行账户。除澳洲外,Backpack 背后的 Trek Labs 集团还在迪拜设有 Trek Labs Ltd FZE,在立陶宛设有 Trek Labs UAB,在美国设有 Trek Labs, Inc.medium.com。这种全球子公司布局使 Backpack 能借助各地区的合作银行或支付机构完成跨境资金结算,覆盖包括欧美、亚太在内的广阔用户群。
出金流程 – 用户在 Backpack 平台发起 USDC 提现时,平台会通过上述合作渠道将用户的 USDC 兑换为等额法币,并由托管金融机构从其法币池中汇出资金。比如,当用户提取 1,000 USDC 到香港银行账户,Backpack 将该 USDC 转换为 1,000 美元,由合作机构通过 SWIFT 电汇发送。用户可在 Backpack 后台实时查询电汇状态medium.com。实际测试显示,从提现到款项到账香港银行大约耗时36小时(约1.5个工作日)medium.com。汇款时收款行信息需要用户自行提供并添加到平台,如收款行名称、地址、SWIFT代码等medium.com。Backpack 平台本身要求用户的银行账户姓名与平台注册姓名一致,以确保合规。assets.ctfassets.netassets.ctfassets.net
低成本出金的架构与原因
Backpack 能提供零手续费的稳定币出金服务,得益于其结算架构设计和合规路径上的优势,使其运营成本得以控制在极低水平:
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Stablecoin 即时清算:Backpack 利用 USDC 稳定币作为桥梁,实现用户资金在链上和银行账户之间的快速清算。由于 USDC 与美元1:1锚定,兑换过程中没有汇率损耗或价差成本lianpr.com。平台内美元和 USDC 的余额转换也是按面值对等,不收取点差,这实现了资金的“零摩擦”兑换23btc.com。相比传统银行汇款需要经过多级代理和 Forex 转换,Stablecoin 的使用大幅降低了兑换费用和时间延迟。
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第三方牌照通道:Backpack 选择通过持牌支付机构(如 Equals Money 等)来承载法币收付功能,而非自行作为汇款人展开业务。这种策略绕开了平台直接获取银行牌照或支付牌照的高成本投入,转而借用第三方机构的现有牌照和账户网络。例如,Equals Money作为英国受监管的电子货币机构,拥有多币种账户和全球汇款能力。Backpack 通过 API 接入该机构后,相当于获取了一套现成的银行基础设施,可以以较低费用发送SWIFT、电汇等github.com。第三方机构通常按照交易量收取较小的服务费,Backpack 可以在当前发展阶段予以补贴,从而对用户“免手续费”。这种“牌照即服务”的模式使 Backpack 将合规成本外包,自己专注于用户和交易环节。
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合规及监管路径:Backpack 利用多个辖区的子公司布局,根据各地监管环境选择最优的出金路径。例如,在欧洲可能通过立陶宛子公司对接 EU 区的支付网络,在亚洲通过澳大利亚子公司汇出 SWIFT。medium.com这种灵活性使他们能规避单一地区监管限制,选择成本最低、效率最高的清算通道完成提现。此外,多实体运营也有助于分散风险,符合各地反洗钱要求,为零手续费策略提供合规保障。
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资金结算与收益:尽管对用户宣称0手续费,Backpack 可能通过其他方式覆盖成本。例如,用户的法币资金在汇出前可能短暂存放于合作机构的池中,这些资金量若较大,可产生利息收益,用于弥补转账费用coindesk.com。另外,Backpack 平台的主要收入来自交易手续费和利息产品等,高频交易活动带来的收入能够补贴出金通道的成本,从整体上实现盈亏平衡。
值得注意的是,“0 手续费”指的是 Backpack 平台本身不向用户收取出金手续费,但并不意味着整个过程完全免费。银行端的固定费用仍可能存在。例如,有用户反馈,通过 Backpack 将 USDC 提现到香港 ZA Bank 账户时,Backpack 未收取费用,但 ZA Bank 会收取一次性 20 美元的入账费用twitter.com。类似地,美国银行接收国际电汇通常也会有每笔 15\~30 美元不等的手续费。这些费用属于收款行或中间行收费,并非 Backpack 或其合作方收取。即便如此,相比传统OTC中介或其他交易所的出金方案,Backpack 的整体成本依然极低——没有额外的汇兑损耗,仅需承担银行常规入账费,大额提现尤为划算。一位资深用户将 Backpack 提现称为“目前最优、最简单的合规出金路径”,反馈资金1天左右即到账,流程非常顺畅x.com。可见,Backpack 通过精心搭建的结算架构,实现了高效低成本的出金服务,在合规前提下大大降低了用户将数字资产变现的门槛。
Backpack 与 Equals Money 的关系考察
Equals Money 背景 – Equals Money 是英国上市金融科技公司 Equals Group PLC 旗下的支付业务品牌,提供多币种电子账户、国际汇款和企业外汇兑换等服务。该公司前身为 FairFX,持有英国金融行为监管局(FCA)颁发的电子货币机构牌照,主营为企业客户提供全球支付解决方案fxcintel.com。简单来说,Equals Money 扮演的是受监管的“非银行支付平台”角色,可为合作伙伴提供银行账户托管和跨境支付通道。对于缺乏自有牌照的加密公司而言,与这类机构合作能快速获得法币收付能力。
业务合作关系 – 目前公开信息并未有 Backpack 与 Equals Money 签署官方战略合作的公告,但从技术集成和业务逻辑上看,两者存在密切的业务往来。Backpack 在代码库中增添了对 “EqualsMoney” 的支持选项github.com表明其系统已经对接了 Equals 提供的支付 API。在用户充值/提现时,Backpack 系统可以将指令通过该接口发送给 Equals,由后者执行实际的银行转账操作(如从对应的用户托管账户划款)。换言之,Equals Money可能充当了 Backpack 用户法币资金的托管方和结算代理。还有用户实测提到,从 Backpack 提现美元时,资金是由 “Trek Labs Australia Pty Ltd” 汇出medium.com。结合上下文,推测 Trek Labs Australia 这家 Backpack 子公司可能在 Equals Money或类似机构开设了运营账户,用于统一汇出用户提现款项。这个细节侧面印证了 Backpack 利用第三方支付平台进行法币结算:汇款主体虽然名义上是 Backpack 关联公司,但实际的支付通道和银行接口由 Equals Money 等持牌机构提供支持。
人员和投资交集 – 在股权和团队层面,暂未发现 Backpack 与 Equals Money 有直接的交叉。Backpack 的融资由加密领域的风投基金主导(Placeholder、Hashed、Amber Group 等)finsmes.com,并无公开提及来自 Equals 集团的投资。管理团队方面,Backpack 由前加密交易所从业者主导,而 Equals Money 属于传统金融支付行业,公司高管以金融背景为主,目前没有明显的人事重合记录。此外,Equals Group PLC 在2024年底宣布将被嵌入式金融公司 Railsr 收购thisweekinfintech.com(该交易有待监管批准),这属于其自身战略调整,与 Backpack 无直接关联。总体来看,Backpack 与 Equals Money 更可能是一种商业合作关系:Backpack 作为客户接入 Equals Money 的支付服务,以使用其许可和网络;双方在产权和团队上保持独立。此类合作在金融科技领域较为常见,属于优势互补:加密平台获取法币通道,支付机构拓展客户和资金流量。
合作的意义 – 通过与 Equals Money 等机构合作,Backpack 实现了快速合规地打通法币出入口,在竞争激烈的交易所市场上形成差异化优势。用户能够享受到类似银行级别的出金体验(直接电汇到账)且几乎零成本x.com,这极大增强了 Backpack 平台的吸引力和资金留存率。对 Equals Money 而言,服务 Backpack 这样高增长的加密客户,也为其带来了可观的跨境支付业务量和创新合作机遇。在严格遵守反洗钱和监管要求的前提下,这种加密与传统金融的合作模式,展现了融合创新的前景。
搭建类似业务与 Circle 合作的要点
假如希望搭建与 Backpack 类似的稳定币出入金架构,与 USDC 发行方 Circle 建立合作是关键一步。Circle 提供针对企业的账户服务和 API接口,使合作方能够方便地在应用中集成 USDC 与法币的转换和支付功能circle.comcircle.com。以下是与 Circle 合作时需要关注的主要要点:
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\ \合作/开户要点\ \说明\ \\ \**主体资格**\ \需要有合法注册的公司实体,并处于 Circle 支持的地区(如北美、欧洲等):contentReference[oaicite:32]{index=32}。Circle 暂不向个人用户开放其直接铸币/赎回服务,仅面向符合资质的机构客户。\ \\ \**业务规模要求**\ \Circle 的企业账户(如 \Circle Mint\ 计划)主要针对大体量、批量使用 USDC 的公司,例如交易所、托管机构、数字钱包平台或银行等:contentReference[oaicite:33]{index=33}。一般要求有大规模稳定币铸造、清算需求的批发客户。如果业务量较小,Circle可能会建议通过第三方交易所获取 USDC:contentReference[oaicite:34]{index=34}。\ \\ \**KYC 合规审查**\ \Circle 对申请企业进行严格的背景尽调和合规审核,包括企业高管和受益人的身份验证、注册信息、经营范围、反洗钱和制裁风险评估等:contentReference[oaicite:35]{index=35}。需提供公司注册证书、主要人员身份证明、经营合规方案等材料。审核时间通常为数天至数周不等,取决于材料完备程度和尽调深度:contentReference[oaicite:36]{index=36}。\ \\ \**账户功能**\ \通过审核后,可开立 Circle 账户并使用其平台功能。企业可将银行资金充值到 Circle 账户自动兑换为 USDC,或将 USDC 提交给 Circle 赎回为法币并银行转账到指定账户:contentReference[oaicite:37]{index=37}。Circle 账户支持多种渠道的出入金,包括美元的链上转账、ACH和电汇等,Circle 会负责处理底层的银行交易和区块链交互。\ \\ \**API 接入**\ \Circle 提供完善的 REST API 和 SDK,方便开发者将 USDC 的铸造、销毁和支付功能集成到自己平台中。通过 API,可以自动化执行诸如:“发起一笔银行电汇,将指定金额的 USDC 从客户余额兑换为美元并汇出到客户银行账户”等操作。Circle 强调其基础设施可让合作伙伴专注前端用户体验,而 Circle 负责处理后端复杂的支付和结算流程:contentReference[oaicite:38]{index=38}。\ \\ \**费用结构**\ \Circle 对符合条件的合作伙伴不收取开户或平台使用费用(即铸造/赎回 USDC 本身无手续费):contentReference[oaicite:39]{index=39}。它通过管理 USDC 储备金的收益来支撑运营。不过,使用其账户进行法币转账时,仍需承担银行的转账费或中间行费用(例如电汇手续费)。Circle 通常支持\ACH\等本地免费通道降低成本,国际电汇则按银行标准收费。\ \\ \**合规责任**\ \成为 Circle 的合作方后,并不意味着可以放松自身合规要求。Circle 在其层面履行对直接客户(合作企业)的KYC/AML义务,但若合作企业面向终端用户提供服务,则需要其自行对用户尽责。比如,Circle 要求在一定金额以上的转账需要传递用户身份信息(Travel Rule):contentReference[oaicite:40]{index=40}。因此,搭建类似 Backpack 的服务,仍须建立严格的用户审核和交易监控机制,与 Circle 配合确保全链路的合规。\ \合作流程:实际操作中,搭建团队需要先在 Circle 官网提交企业账户申请,提供相关资料并通过合规审核circle.com。拿到账户后,可登录 Circle 提供的业务后台或通过 API Sandbox 进行测试集成,熟悉 USDC 钱包、法币钱包的操作。一旦准备就绪,即可将功能推向生产环境,为用户开通 USDC 与法币的双向兑换。值得注意的是,企业应根据所服务用户区域,获取必要的当地监管许可或豁免。例如在美国需要遵守联邦和州级货币转移许可证要求,在欧盟则可能利用立陶宛等国的数字资产服务牌照。这与 Backpack 多地布局子公司的做法类似,都是为了符合法规开展业务。
成功案例:除了 Backpack,业内已有多家知名机构通过与 Circle 合作开展稳定币支付业务。例如 Binance 与 Circle 达成战略合作,使其平台更广泛支持 USDCfortune.com;支付公司 Stripe 也集成了 Circle API,在其产品中新增了稳定币收付功能stables.money。这些案例表明,通过 Circle 提供的基础设施,加密公司可以较为迅速地搭建起合规、高效的法币⇄稳定币出入金体系,触达全球80多个国家的用户circle.com。因此,对于希望复制 Backpack 模式的新创团队而言,提早布局与 Circle 等发行方的合作,并搭建完善的合规架构,将是取得监管认可和市场竞争优势的关键。
结论
Backpack 平台通过巧妙融合稳定币技术和传统金融渠道,打造出了低成本、高效率的USD⇄USDC出金方案。在无需用户承担手续费的情况下,依托 Equals Money 等支付伙伴和自身全球子公司网络,实现了合规的美元电汇快速到账23btc.commedium.com。这一模式的成功在于对结算架构的创新设计和对监管资源的充分利用:既发挥了 USDC 稳定币实时、低成本的优势,又借力持牌金融机构解决了法币合规问题。这为行业树立了一个范例。
对于有意搭建类似业务的团队,与 Circle 建立合作无疑是重要的一环。Circle 提供了成熟的 USDC 基础设施,只要申请企业拥有足够的资质和规模,通过严格的 KYC 审核后即可获得稳定币铸造和法币结算的能力circle.comcircle.com。在此基础上,新业务还需结合自身情况选择适当的支付合作方和注册管辖地,搭建自己的合规“护城河”。只有技术与合规并重,才能如同 Backpack 一样,在保证低成本出金的同时,赢得监管许可和用户信赖。
参考资料:
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Backpack 官方公告及新闻稿binance.comlianpr.com23btc.com
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Backpack 用户协议与代码仓库assets.ctfassets.netgithub.com
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媒体报道(CoinDesk 等)coindesk.comlearn.backpack.exchange
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第三方分析与用户实测反馈medium.comtwitter.com
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Circle 官方文档与博客circle.comcircle.comcircle.com
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@ 84b0c46a:417782f5
2025-05-08 06:28:42至高の油淋鶏の動画 https://youtu.be/Ur2tYVZppBU のレシピ書き起こし
材料(2人分)
- 鶏モモ肉…300g
- A[しょうゆ…小さじ1 塩…小さじ1/3 酒…大さじ1と1/2 おろしショウガ…5g 片栗粉…大さじ1]
- 長ネギ(みじん切り)…1/2本(50g)
- ショウガ(みじん切り)…10g
- B[しょうゆ…大さじ2 砂糖…小さじ4 酢…大さじ1 ゴマ油…小さじ1 味の素…4ふり 赤唐辛子(小口切り)…1本分]
- 赤唐辛子、花椒(各好みで)…各適量
手順
- 肉を切る
皮を上にして適当に八等分くらい
- 肉を肉入ってたトレーかなんか適当な入れ物に入れてそこに 醤油こさじ1、塩こさじ1/3、酒おおさじ1と1/2 と ショウガ*5グラムすりおろして入れて軽く混ぜる
- そこに、片栗粉おおさじ1入れて混ぜる(漬ける段階にも片栗粉を入れることで厚衣になりやすい)
- 常温で15分くらい置く
- その間にたれを作る
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長ネギ50gを細かいみじん切りにしてボウルに入れる(白いとこも青いとこも)
(端っこを残して縦に切り込みを入れて横に切るとよい) 2. ショウガ10gを細かいみじん切りにして同じボウルにいれる 3. 鷹の爪1本分入れる(任意) 4. 醤油おおさじ2、砂糖小さじ4、酢(穀物酢)おおさじ1を入れる 5. 味の素4振りいれてよく混ぜる 6. 小さなフライパン(油が少なくて済むので)に底に浸るくらいの油を入れ、中火で温める 7. 肉に片栗粉をたっぷりつけて揚げる 8. 揚がったらキッチンペーパーを敷いたなにかしらとかに上げる 9. もりつけてタレをかけて完成
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@ e39333da:7c66e53a
2025-05-14 15:16:01::youtube{#1JDOzCUinPg}
Digital Happiness has announced DreadOut 3, a third-person horror adventure game, which will be released on PC (Steam).
DreadOut 3 is a third-person horror adventure inspired by Asian - Indonesian urban legend. Follow Linda’s journey as Keepers of the Dark into an interdimensional rabbit hole to find the source of unseen power threatening the balance of light and darkness. This spine-chilling sequel expands on the cult hit original, making DreadOut 3 another terrifying chapter in the world of the unseen.
They've also released a short playtest gameplay footage of the game in its pre-alpha state.
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@ e39333da:7c66e53a
2025-05-14 14:50:19::youtube{#UOIg2lFVsJE}
The developers, Hanger 13, along with the publisher, 2K Games, have announced that Mafia: The Old Country, a third-person action adventure game, will be releasing on both PC (Steam) and consoles on the 8th of August 2025, and with it they've released a new gameplay trailer.
::youtube{#lVhXaoX25AE}
They've also release a 7 minute long developer diary that showcases the game in a more in-depth look at it. It's worth noting that the game isn't an open-world game, but rather a linear one.
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2025-05-08 01:22:05I've been thinking about how Predyx and other lightning based prediction markets might finance their operations, without undermining their core function of eliciting information from people.
The standard approach, of offering less-than-fair odds, guarantees long-run profitability (as long as you have enough customers), but it also creates a friction for participants that reduces the information value of their transactions. So, what are some less frictiony options for generating revenue?
Low hanging fruit
- Close markets in real-time: Rather than prespecifying a closing time for some markets, like sports, it's better to close the market at the moment the outcome is realized. This both prevents post hoc transactions and enables late stage transactions. This should be easily automatable (I say as someone with no idea how to do that), with the right resolution criteria.
- Round off shares: Shares and sats are discrete, so just make sure any necessary rounding is always in the house's favor.
- Set initial probabilities well: Use whatever external information is available to open markets as near to the "right" value as possible.
- Arbitrage: whenever markets are related to each other, make sure to resolve any illogical odds automatically
The point of these four is to avoid giving away free sats. None of them reduce productive use of the market. Keeping markets open up until the outcome is realized will probably greatly increase the number of transactions, since that's usually when the most information is coming in.
Third party support
- Ads are the most obvious form of third party revenue
- Sponsorships are the more interesting one: Allow sponsors to boost a market's visibility. This is similar to advertising, but it also capitalizes on the possibility of a market being of particular interest to someone.
- Charge for market creation: users should be able to create new markets (this will also enhance trade quantity and site traffic), but it should be costly to create a market. If prediction markets really provide higher quality information, then it's reasonable to charge for it.
- Arbitrage: Monitor external odds and whenever a gain can be locked in, place the bets (buy the shares) that guarantee a gain.
Bitcoin stuff
- Routing fees: The volume of sats moving into, out of, and being held in these markets will require a fairly large lightning node. Following some helpful tips to optimize fee revenue will generate some sats for logistical stuff that had to be done anyway.
- Treasury strategy: Take out loans against the revenue generated from all of the above and buy bitcoin: NGU -> repay with a fraction of the bitcoin, NGD -> repay with site revenue.
Bitcoin and Lightning Competitive Advantages
These aren't revenue ideas. They're just a couple of advantages lightning and bitcoin provide over fiat that should allow charging lower spreads than a traditional prediction market or sportsbook.
Traditional betting or prediction platforms are earning depreciating fiat, while a bitcoin based platform earns appreciating bitcoin. Traditional spreads must therefor be larger, in order to pull in the same real return. This also means the users' odds are worse on fiat platforms (again in real terms), even if the listed odds are the same, because their winnings will have depreciated by the time they receive them. Technically, this opens an opportunity to charge even higher spreads, but as mentioned in the intro, that would be bad for the information purposes of the market.
Lightning has much lower transactions costs than fiat transactions. So, even with tighter spreads, a lightning platform can net a better (nominal) return per transaction.
@mega_dreamer, I imagine most of those ideas were already on y'all's radar, and obviously you're already doing some, but I wanted to get them out of my head and onto digital paper. Hopefully, some of this will provide some useful food for thought.
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/974372
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@ 502ab02a:a2860397
2025-05-08 01:18:46เฮียไม่แน่ใจว่าโลกยุคนี้มันเปลี่ยนไป หรือแค่เล่ห์กลมันแนบเนียนขึ้น แต่ที่แน่ ๆ คือ “อาหารไม่ใช่อาหารอีกต่อไป” มันกลายเป็นสินค้าในพอร์ตการลงทุน มันกลายเป็นเครื่องมือสร้างภาพลักษณ์ และในบางมุมที่คนไม่อยากมอง...มันคือเครื่องมือควบคุมมวลชน
ทุกอย่างเริ่มจากแนวคิดที่ดูดี “เราต้องผลิตอาหารให้พอเลี้ยงคน 8,000 ล้านคน” จากนั้นบริษัทเทคโนโลยีเริ่มกระโดดเข้ามา แทนที่จะให้เกษตรกรปลูกผักเลี้ยงวัว เรากลับได้เห็นบริษัทวิเคราะห์ดีเอ็นเอของจุลินทรีย์ แล้วขายโปรตีนจากถังหมัก แทนที่จะสนับสนุนอาหารพื้นบ้าน กลับอัดเงินให้สตาร์ทอัพทำเบอร์เกอร์ที่ไม่มีเนื้อจริงแม้แต่เส้นใยเดียว
เบื้องหลังมันมี “ทุน” และทุนเหล่านี้ไม่ใช่แค่ผู้ผลิตอาหาร แต่พ่วงไปถึงบริษัทยา บริษัทวัคซีน บริษัทเทคโนโลยี บางเจ้ามีทั้งบริษัทยา + ธุรกิจฟาร์มแมลง + บริษัทลงทุนในบริษัทวิจัยพันธุกรรม แปลว่า...คนที่ขายยาให้เฮียเวลาเฮียป่วย อาจเป็นคนเดียวกับที่ขาย "อาหารที่ทำให้เฮียป่วย" ตั้งแต่แรก ตลกร้ายไหมหล่ะ หึหึหึ
เคยมีใครสังเกตไหม ว่าองค์การระดับโลกบางองค์กรที่ส่งเสริม "เนื้อทางเลือก" และ "อาหารยั่งยืน" ได้รับเงินบริจาคหรืออยู่ภายใต้บอร์ดของบริษัทผลิตอาหารอุตสาหกรรมเจ้าใหญ่ไหมนะ แล้วคำว่า “วิทยาศาสตร์รองรับ” ที่ติดบนฉลากสวย ๆ เฮียไม่รู้หรอกว่าใครเป็นคนตีความ แต่ที่รู้แน่ ๆ คือ บทวิจัยจำนวนไม่น้อย มาจากทุนวิจัยที่สนับสนุนโดยอุตสาหกรรมอาหารเอง ดั่งเช่นที่เราเรียนรู้กันมาจากประวัติศาสตร์แล้ว
มีคนเคยพูดไว้ว่า “เราควบคุมคนด้วยอาหารง่ายกว่าด้วยอาวุธ” และเฮียเริ่มเชื่อขึ้นเรื่อย ๆ เพราะถ้าบริษัทใดบริษัทหนึ่ง ควบคุมได้ทั้งอาหาร ยา ข้อมูลสุขภาพ และการวิจัย นั่นหมายความว่า เขาไม่ได้ขายของให้เฮีย แต่เขากำหนดว่าเฮียควร “อยากกินอะไร” และ “รู้สึกผิดกับอะไร”
เหมือนที่ให้ลองจินตนาการเล่น ๆ เมื่อวาน สมมติเฮียไปร้านข้าวมันไก่ปากซอยแบบดั้งเดิม สั่งไก่ต้มไม่เอาข้าวมากิน แล้วแอปสุขภาพขึ้นข้อความเตือนว่า “ไขมันสูง ส่งผลต่อคะแนนสุขภาพคุณ” แต่ถ้าเฮียสั่งข้าวกล่องสำเร็จรูปอัจฉริยะจากโปรตีนที่หมักจากจุลินทรีย์ GMO ระบบจะบอกว่า “คุณกำลังช่วยลดโลกร้อน” แล้วเพิ่มคะแนนสุขภาพให้เราไปเป็นส่วนลดครั้งต่อไป
ใครนิยามคำว่า “ดี” ให้เฮีย?
เบื้องหลังอาหารจึงไม่ใช่แค่โรงงาน แต่มันคือโครงข่ายที่พัวพันตั้งแต่ห้องแล็บ ห้องบอร์ด ไปจนถึงห้องครัวในบ้านเรา แล้วถ้าเราไม่ตั้งคำถาม เฮียกลัวว่าเราจะไม่ได้กินในสิ่งที่ร่างกายต้องการ แต่กินในสิ่งที่ “ระบบ” ต้องการให้เรากิน
ขอบคุณล่วงหน้าที่มองว่าสิ่งนี้คือการ แพนิคไปเอง ขอให้มีสุขสวัสดิ์
#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr
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2025-05-07 21:59:42"Misterija Satoši - Poreklo bitkoina" je francuski dokumentarno-animirani serijal koji dešifruje unutrašnje funkcionisanje bitkoin revolucije, dok istražuje identitet njenog tvorca.
Prvu decentralizovanu i pouzdanu kriptovalutu – bitkoin, osnovao je Satoši Nakamoto 3. januara 2009. godine. On je nestao 2011. i od tada ostaje anoniman, a njegov identitet je predmet svakakvih spekulacija. Tokom poslednjih 12 godina, vrednost bitkoina je porasla sa 0,001 na 69.000 dolara. Svi, od vlada do velikih korporacija, zainteresovali su se za Satošijev izum. Ko je Satoši Nakamoto? Kako je njegov izum postao toliko popularan? Šta nam bitkoin govori o svetu u kome živimo?
Ovaj serijal se prikazivao na Radio-televiziji Srbije (RTS 3) u sklopu novogodišnjeg muzičkog i filmskog programa 2022/2023. godine.
Naslov originala: "Le Mystère Satoshi"
Copyright: , ARTE.TV
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2025-05-14 11:25:17sdsdsdsd
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@ 3f68dede:779bb81d
2025-05-14 11:25:15 -
@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1
2025-05-14 09:48:43Just another Ecash nutsnote design is a ew template for brrr.gandlaf.com cashu tocken printing machine and honoring Ecash ideator David Lee Chaum. Despite the turn the initial project took, we would not have Ecash today without his pioneering approach in cryptography and privacy-preserving technologies.
A simple KISS (Keep It Super Simple) Ecash nutsnote delivered as SVG, nothing fancy, designed in PenPot, an open source design tool, for slides, presentations, mockups and interactive prototypes.
Here Just another Nutsnote's current state, together with some snapshots along the process. Your feedback is more than welcome.
https://design.penpot.app/#/view?file-id=749aaa04-8836-81c6-8006-0b29916ec156&page-id=749aaa04-8836-81c6-8006-0b29916ec157§ion=interactions&index=0&share-id=addba4d5-28a4-8022-8006-2ecc4316ebb2
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/979728
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@ 2e8970de:63345c7a
2025-05-14 06:51:45https://www.niskanencenter.org/the-bridge-for-workers-act-getting-people-back-into-jobs-fast/
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/979654
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@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b
2025-05-07 21:58:37Originalni tekst na dvadesetjedan.com
Autor: Vijay Boyapati / Prevod na hrvatski: Matija
Sa zadnjim cijenama koje je bitcoin dosegao 2017., optimističan scenarij za ulagače se možda čini toliko očitim da ga nije potrebno niti spominjati. Alternativno, možda se nekome čini glupo ulagati u digitalnu vrijednost koja ne počiva na nijednom fizičkom dobru ili vladi i čiji porast cijene su neki usporedili sa manijom tulipana ili dot-com balonom. Nijedno nije točno; optimističan scenarij za Bitcoin je uvjerljiv, ali ne i očit. Postoje značajni rizici kod ulaganja u Bitcoin, no, kao što planiram pokazati, postoji i ogromna prilika.
Geneza
Nikad u povijesti svijeta nije bilo moguće napraviti transfer vrijednosti među fizički udaljenim ljudima bez posrednika, poput banke ili vlade. 2008. godine, anonimni Satoshi Nakamoto je objavio 8 stranica rješenja na dugo nerješivi računalski problem poznat kao “Problem Bizantskog Generala.” Njegovo rješenje i sustav koji je izgradio - Bitcoin - dozvolio je, prvi put ikad, da se vrijednost prenosi brzo i daleko, bez ikakvih posrednika ili povjerenja. Implikacije kreacije Bitcoina su toliko duboke, ekonomski i računalski, da bi Nakamoto trebao biti prva osoba nominirana za Nobelovu nagradu za ekonomiju i Turingovu nagradu.
Za ulagače, važna činjenica izuma Bitcoina (mreže i protokola) je stvaranje novog oskudnog digitalnog dobra - bitcoina (monetarne jedinice). Bitcoini su prenosivi digitalni “novčići” (tokeni), proizvedeni na Bitcoin mreži kroz proces nazvan “rudarenje” (mining). Rudarenje Bitcoina je ugrubo usporedivo sa rudarenjem zlata, uz bitnu razliku da proizvodnja bitcoina prati unaprijed osmišljeni i predvidivi raspored. Samo 21 milijun bitcoina će ikad postojati, i većina (2017., kada je ovaj tekst napisan) su već izrudareni. Svake četiri godine, količina rudarenih bitcoina se prepolovi. Produkcija novih bitcoina će potpuno prestati 2140. godine.
Stopa inflacije —— Monetarna baza
Bitcoine ne podržava nikakva roba ili dobra, niti ih garantira ikakva vlada ili firma, što postavlja očito pitanje za svakog novog bitcoin ulagača: zašto imaju uopće ikakvu vrijednost? Za razliku od dionica, obveznica, nekretnina ili robe poput nafte i žita, bitcoine nije moguće vrednovati koristeći standardne ekonomske analize ili korisnost u proizvodnji drugih dobara. Bitcoini pripadaju sasvim drugoj kategoriji dobara - monetarnih dobara, čija se vrijednost definira kroz tzv. teoriju igara; svaki sudionik na tržištu vrednuje neko dobro, onoliko koliko procjenjuje da će ga drugi sudionici vrednovati. Kako bismo bolje razumjeli ovo svojstvo monetarnih dobara, trebamo istražiti podrijetlo novca.
Podrijetlo novca
U prvim ljudskim društvima, trgovina među grupama se vršila kroz robnu razmjenu. Velika neefikasnost prisutna u robnoj razmjeni je drastično ograničavala količinu i geografski prostor na kojem je bila moguća. Jedan od najvećih problema sa robnom razmjenom je problem dvostruke podudarnosti potražnje. Uzgajivač jabuka možda želi trgovati sa ribarom, ali ako ribar ne želi jabuke u istom trenutku, razmjena se neće dogoditi. Kroz vrijeme, ljudi su razvili želju za čuvanjem određenih predmeta zbog njihove rijetkosti i simbolične vrijednosti (npr. školjke, životinjski zube, kremen). Zaista, kako i Nick Szabo govori u svojem izvrsnom eseju o podrijetlu novca, ljudska želja za sakupljanjem predmeta pružila je izraženu evolucijsku prednost ranom čovjeku nad njegovim najbližim biološkim rivalom, neandertalcem - Homo neanderthalensis.
"Primarna i najbitnija evolucijska funkcija sakupljanja bila je osigurati medij za čuvanje i prenošenje vrijednosti".
Predmeti koje su ljudi sakupljali služili su kao svojevrsni “proto-novac,” tako što su omogućavale trgovinu među antagonističkim plemenima i dozvoljavale bogatsvu da se prenosi na sljedeću generaciju. Trgovina i transfer takvih predmeta bile su rijetke u paleolitskim društvima, te su oni služili više kao “spremište vrijednosti” (store of value) nego kao “medij razmjene” (medium of exchange), što je uloga koju danas igra moderni novac. Szabo objašnjava:
"U usporedbi sa modernim novcem, primitivan novac je imao jako malo “brzinu” - mogao je promijeniti ruke samo nekoliko puta u životu prosječnog čovjeka. Svejedno, trajni i čvrsti sakupljački predmet, što bismo danas nazvali “nasljeđe,” mogao je opstati mnogo generacija, dodajući znatnu vrijednost pri svakom transferu - i zapravo omogućiti transfer uopće".
Rani čovjek suočio se sa bitnom dilemom u teoriji igara, kada je odlučivao koje predmete sakupljati: koje od njih će drugi ljudi željeti? Onaj koji bi to točno predvidio imao bi ogromnu prednost u mogućnosti trgovine i akvizicije bogatsva. Neka američka indijanska plemena, npr. Naraganseti, specijalizirala su se u proizvodnji sakupljačkih dobara koja nisu imala drugu svrhu osim trgovine. Valja spomenuti da što je ranije predviđanje da će neko dobro imati takvu vrijednost, veća je prednost koju će imati onaj koji je posjeduje, zato što ju je moguće nabaviti jeftinije, prije nego postane vrlo tražena roba i njezona vrijednost naraste zajedno sa populacijom. Nadalje, nabava nekog dobra u nadi da će u budućnosti biti korišteno kao spremište vrijednosti, ubrzava upravo tu primjenu. Ova cirkularnost je zapravo povratna veza (feedback loop) koja potiče društva da se rapidno slože oko jednog spremišta vrijednosti. U terminima teorije igara, ovo je znano kao “Nashov ekvilibrij.” Postizanje Nashovog ekvilibrija za neko spremište vrijednosti je veliko postignuće za društvo, pošto ono znatno olakšava trgovinu i podjelu rada, i time omogućava napredak civilizacije.
Tisućljećima, kako su ljudska društva rasla i otvarala trgovinske puteve, različite aplikacije spremišta vrijednosti u individualnim društvima počele su se natjecati međusobno. Trgovci su imali izbor: čuvati svoju zaradu u spremištu vrijednosti vlastite kulture, ili one kulture sa kojom su trgovali, ili mješavini oboje. Benefit štednje u stranom spremištu vrijednosti bila je uvećana sposobnost trgovanja u povezanom stranom društvu. Trgovci koji su štedili u stranom spremištu vrijednosti su također imali dobrih razloga da potiču svoje društvo da ga prihvati, jer bi tako uvećali vrijednost vlastite ušteđevine. Prednosti “uvezene” tehnologije spremanja vrijednosti bile su prisutne ne samo za trgovce, nego i za sama društva. Kada bi se dvije grupe konvergirale u jedinstvenom spremištu vrijednosti, to bi značajno smanjilo cijenu troškova trgovine jednog s drugim, i samim time povećanje bogatstva kroz trgovinu. I zaista, 19. stoljeće bilo je prvi put da je najveći dio svijeta prihvatio jedinstveno spremište vrijednosti - zlato - i u tom periodu vidio najveću eksploziju trgovine u povijesti svijeta. O ovom mirnom periodu, pisao je John Maynard Keynes:
"Kakva nevjerojatna epizoda u ekonomskom napretku čovjeka… za svakog čovjeka iole iznadprosječnog, iz srednje ili više klase, život je nudio obilje, ugodu i mogućnosti, po niskoj cijeni i bez puno problema, više nego monarsima iz prethodnih perioda. Stanovnik Londona mogao je, ispijajući jutarnji čaj iz kreveta, telefonski naručiti razne proizvode iz cijele Zemlje, u količinama koje je želio, i sa dobrim razlogom očekivati njihovu dostavu na svoj kućni prag."
Svojstva dobrog spremišta vrijednosti
Kada se spremišta vrijednosti natječu jedno s drugim, specifična svojstva rade razliku koja daje jednom prednost nad drugim. Premda su mnoga dobra u prošlosti korištena kao spremišta vrijednosti ili kao “proto-novac,” određena svojstva su se pokazala kao posebno važna, i omogućila dobrima sa njima da pobijede. Idealno spremište vrijednosti biti će:
- Trajno: dobro ne smije biti kvarljivo ili lako uništeno. Tako naprimjer, žito nije idealno spremište vrijednosti.
- Prenosivo: dobro mora biti lako transportirati i čuvati, što omogućuje osiguranje protiv gubitka ili krađe i dopušta trgovinu na velike udaljenosti. Tako, krava je lošije spremište vrijednosti od zlatne narukvice.
- Zamjenjivo: jedna jedinica dobra treba biti zamjenjiva sa drugom. Bez zamjenjivosti, problem podudarnosti želja ostaje nerješiv. Time, zlato je bolje od dijamanata, jer su oni nepravilni u obliku i kvaliteti.
- Provjerljivo: dobro mora biti lako i brzo identificirano i testirano za autentičnost. Laka provjera povećava povjerenje u trgovini i vjerojatnost da će razmjena biti dovršena.
- Djeljivo: dobro mora biti lako djeljivo na manje dijelove. Premda je ovo svojstvo bilo manje važno u ranim društvima gdje je trgovina bila rijetka, postalo je važnije sa procvatom trgovine. Količine koje su se mijenjale postale su manje i preciznije.
- Oskudno: Monetarno dobro mora imati “cijenu nemoguću za lažirati,” kao što je rekao Nick Szabo. Drugim riječima, dobro ne smije biti obilno ili lako dostupno kroz proizvodnju. Oskudnost je možda i najvažnije svojstvo spremišta vrijednosti, pošto se izravno vezuje na ljudsku želju da sakupljamo ono što je rijetko. Ona je izvor vrijednosti u spremištu vrijednosti.
- Duge povijesti: što je dulje neko dobro vrijedno za društvo, veća je vjerojatnost da će biti prihvaćeno kao spremište vrijednosti. Dugo postojeće spremište vrijednosti biti će jako teško uklonjeno od strane došljaka, osim u slučaju sile (ratno osvajanje) ili ako je nova tehnologija znatno bolja u ostalim svojstvima.
- Otporno na cenzuru: novije svojstvo, sve više važno u modernom digitalnom svijetu sa sveprisutnim nadzorom, je otpornost na cenzuru. Drugim riječima, koliko je teško da vanjski agent, kao korporacija ili država, spriječi vlasnika dobra da ga čuva i koristi. Dobra koja su otporna na cenzuru su idealna za ljude koji žive u režimima koji prisilno nadziru kapital ili čine neke oblike mirne trgovine protuzakonitima.
Ova tablica ocjenjuje Bitcoin, zlato (gold) i fiat novac (kao što je euro ili dolar) po svojstvima izlistanim gore. Objašnjenje svake ocjene slijedi nakon tablice.
Trajnost:
Zlato je neosporeni kralj trajnosti. Velika većina zlata pronađenog kroz povijest, uključujući ono egipatskih faraona, opstaje i danas i vjerojatno će postojati i za tisuću godina. Zlatnici korišteni u antičko doba imaju značajnu vrijednost i danas. Fiat valute i bitcoini su digitalni zapisi koji ponekad imaju fizički oblik (npr. novčanice). Dakle, njihovu trajnost ne određuju njihova fizička svojstva (moguće je zamijeniti staru i oštećenu novčanicu za novu), nego institucije koje stoje iza njih. U slučaju fiat valuta, mnoge države su nastale i nestale kroz stoljeća, i valute su nestale s njima. Marke iz Weimarske republike danas nemaju vrijednost zato što institucija koja ih je izdavala više ne postoji. Ako je povijest ikakav pokazatelj, ne bi bilo mudro smatrati fiat valute trajnima dugoročno; američki dolar i britanska funta su relativne anomalije u ovom pogledu. Bitcoini, zato što nemaju instituciju koja ih održava, mogu se smatrati trajnima dok god mreža koja ih osigurava postoji. Obzirom da je Bitcoin još uvijek mlada valuta, prerano je za čvrste zaključke o njegovoj trajnosti. No, postoje ohrabrujući znakovi - prominente države su ga pokušavale regulirati, hakeri ga napadali - usprkos tome, mreža nastavlja funkcionirati, pokazujući visok stupanj antifragilnosti.
Prenosivost:
Bitcoini su najprenosivije spremište vrijednosti ikad. Privatni ključevi koji predstavljaju stotine milijuna dolara mogu se spremiti na USB drive i lako ponijeti bilo gdje. Nadalje, jednako velike sume mogu se poslati na drugi kraj svijeta skoro instantno. Fiat valute, zbog svojeg temeljno digitalnog oblika, su također lako prenosive. Ali, regulacije i kontrola kapitala od strane države mogu ugroziti velike prijenose vrijednosti, ili ih usporiti danima. Gotovina se može koristiti kako bi se izbjegle kontrole kapitala, ali onda rastu rizik čuvanja i cijena transporta. Zlato, zbog svojeg fizičkog oblika i velike gustoće, je najmanje prenosivo. Nije čudo da većina zlatnika i poluga nikad ne napuste sefove. Kada se radi prijenos zlata između prodavača i kupca, uglavnom se prenosi samo ugovor o vlasništvu, ne samo fizičko zlato. Prijenos fizičkog zlata na velike udaljenosti je skupo, riskantno i sporo.
Zamjenjivost:
Zlato nam daje standard za zamjenjivost. Kada je rastopljeno, gram zlata je praktički nemoguće razlikovati od bilo kojeg drugog grama, i zlato je oduvijek bilo takvo. S druge strane, fiat valute, su zamjenjive samo onoliko koliko njihova institucija želi da budu. Iako je uglavnom slučaj da je novčanica zamjenjiva za drugu istog iznosa, postoje situacije u kojima su velike novčanice tretirane drukčije od malih. Naprimjer, vlada Indije je, u pokušaju da uništi neoporezivo sivo tržište, potpuno oduzela vrijednost novčanicama od 500 i 1000 rupija. To je uzrokovalo da ljudi manje vrednuju te novčanice u trgovini, što je značilo da više nisu bile zaista zamjenjive za manje novčanice. Bitcoini su zamjenjivi na razini mreže; svaki bitcoin je pri prijenosu tretiran kao svaki drugi. No, zato što je moguće pratiti individualne bitcoine na blockchainu, određeni bitcoin može, u teoriji, postati “prljav” zbog korštenja u ilegalnoj trgovini, te ga trgovci ili mjenjačnice možda neće htjeti prihvatiti. Bez dodatnih poboljšanja oko privatnosti i anonimnosti na razini mrežnog protokola, bitcoine ne možemo smatrati jednako zamjenjivim kao zlato.
Mogućnost provjere:
Praktično gledajući, autentičnost fiat valuta i zlata je prilično lako provjeriti. Svejedno, i usprkos pokušajima da spriječe krivotvorenje novčanica, i dalje postoji potencijal prevare za vlade i njihove građane. Zlato također nije imuno na krivotvorenje. Sofisticirani kriminalci su koristili pozlaćeni tungsten kako bi prevarili kupce zlata. Bitcoine je moguće provjeriti sa matematičkom sigurnošću. Korištenjem kriptografskih potpisa, vlasnik bitcoina može javno demonstrirati da posjeduje bitcoine koje tvrdi da posjeduje.
Djeljivost:
Bitcoine je moguće podijeliti u stotinu milijuna manjih jedinica (zvanih satoshi), i prenositi takve (no, valja uzeti u obzir ekonomičnost prijenosa malih iznosa, zbog cijene osiguravanja mreže - “network fee”). Fiat valute su tipično dovoljno djeljive na jedinice sa vrlo niskom kupovnom moći. Zlato, iako fizički i teoretski djeljivo, postaje teško za korištenje kada se podijeli na dovoljno male količine da bi se moglo koristiti u svakodnevnoj trgovini.
Oskudnost:
Svojstvo koje najjasnije razlikuje Bitcoin od fiat valuta i zlata je njegova unaprijed definirana oskudnost. Od početka, konačna količina bitcoina nikad neće biti veća od 21 milijun. To daje vlasnicima bitcoina jasan i znan uvid u postotak ukupnog vlasništva. Naprimjer, vlasnik 10 bitcoina bi znao da najviše 2,1 milijuna ljudi (manje od 0.03% populacije) može ikad imati isto bitcoina kao i on. Premda je kroz povijest uvijek bilo oskudno, zlato nije imuno na povećanje ukupne količine. Ako se ikad izumi nova, ekonomičnija metoda rudarenja ili proizvodnje zlata, ukupna količina zlata bi se mogla dramatično povećati (npr. rudarenje morskog dna ili asteroida). Na kraju, fiat valute, relativno nov izum u povijesti, pokazale su se sklonima konstantnim povećanjima u količini. Države su pokazale stalnu sklonost inflaciji monetarne kvantitete kako bi rješavale kratkoročne političke probleme. Inflacijske tendencije vlada diljem svijeta čine fiat valute gotovo sigurnim da će gubiti vrijednost kroz vrijeme.
Etablirana povijest:
Nijedno monetarno dobro nema povijest kao zlato, koje je imalo vrijednost za cijelog trajanja ljudske civilizacije. Kovanice izrađene u antičko doba i danas imaju značajnu vrijednost. Ne može se isto reći za fiat valute, koje su same relativno nova povijesna anomalija. Od njihovog početka, fiat valute su imale gotovo univerzalni smjer prema bezvrijednosti. Korištenje inflacije kao podmuklog načina za nevidljivo oporezivanje građana je vječita kušnja kojoj se skoro nijedna država u povijesti nije mogla oduprijeti. Ako je 20. stoljeće, u kojem je fiat novac dominirao globalni monetarni poredak, demonstriralo neku ekonomsku istinu, to je onda bila ta da ne možemo računati na fiat novac da održi vrijednost u dužem ili srednjem vremenskom periodu. Bitcoin, usprkos svojoj novosti, je preživio dovoljno testova tržišta da postoji velika vjerojatnost da neće nestati kao vrijedno dobro. Nadalje, Lindy efekt govori da što duže Bitcoin bude korišten, to će veća biti vjera u njega i njegovu sposobnost da nastavi postojati dugo u budućnost. Drugim riječima, društvena vjera u monetarno dobro je asimptotička, kao u grafu ispod:
Ako Bitcoin preživi prvih 20 godina, imat će gotovo sveopće povjerenje da će trajati zauvijek, kao što ljudi vjeruju da je internet trajna stvar u modernom svijetu.
Otpor na cenzuru
Jedan od najbitnijih izvora za ranu potražnju bitcoina bila je njegova upotreba u ilegalnoj kupovini i prodaji droge. Mnogi su zato pogrešno zaključili da je primarna potražnja za bitcoinima utemeljena u njihovoj prividnoj anonimnosti. Međutim, Bitcoin nije anonimna valuta; svaka transakcija na mreži je zauvijek zapisana na javnom blockchainu. Povijesni zapis transakcija dozvoljava forenzičkoj analizi da identificira izvore i tijek sredstava. Takva analiza dovela je do uhićenja počinitelja zloglasne MtGox pljačke. Premda je istina da dovoljno oprezna i pedantna osoba može sakriti svoj identitet koristeći Bitcoin, to nije razlog zašto je Bitcoin bio toliko popularan u trgovini drogom.
Ključno svojstvo koje čini Bitcoin najboljim za takve aktivnosti je njegova agnostičnost i nepotrebnost za dozvolom (“premissionlessness”) na mrežnoj razini. Kada se bitcoini prenose na Bitcoin mreži, ne postoji nitko tko dopušta transakcije. Bitcoin je distribuirana peer-to-peer (korisnik-korisniku) mreža, i samim time dizajnirana da bude otporna na cenzuru. Ovo je u velikom kontrastu sa fiat bankarskim sustavom, u kojem države reguliraju banke i ostale institucije prijenosa novca, kako bi one prijavljivale i sprječavale protuzakonito korištenje monetarnih dobara. Klasičan primjer regulacije novca su kontrole kapitala. Npr., bogati milijunaš će vrlo teško prenijeti svoje bogatstvo u novu zemlju, kada bježi iz opresivnog režima. Premda zlato nije izdano i proizvedeno od države, njegova fizička priroda ga čini teško prenosivim kroz prostor, i samim time ga je daleko lakše regulirati nego Bitcoin. Indijski Akt kontrole zlata je primjer takve regulacije.
Bitcoin je odličan u većini gore navedenih svojstava, što mu omogućava da bude marginalno bolji od modernih i drevnih monetarnih dobara, te da pruži poticaje za svoje rastuće društveno usvajanje. Specifično, moćna kombinacija otpornosti na cenzuru i apsolutne oskudnosti bila je velika motivacija za bogate ulagače koji su uložili dio svojeg bogatstva u Bitcoin.
Evolucija novca
U modernoj monetarnoj ekonomiji postoji opsesija sa ulogom novca kao medija razmjene. U 20. stoljeću, države su monopolizirale izdavanje i kontrolu novca i kontinuirano potkopavale njegovo svojstvo spremišta vrijednosti, stvarajući lažno uvjerenje da je primarna svrha novca biti medij razmjene. Mnogi su kritizirali Bitcoin, govoreći da je neprikladan da bude novac zato što mu je cijena bila previše volatilna za medij razmjene. No, novac je uvijek evoluirao kroz etape; uloga spremišta vrijednosti je dolazila prije medija razmjene. Jedan od očeva marginalističke ekonomije, William Stanley Jevons, objašnjava:
"Povijesno govoreći… čini se da je zlato prvo služilo kao luksuzni metal za ukras; drugo, kao sačuvana vrijednost; treće, kao medij razmjene; i konačno, kao mjerilo vrijednosti."
U modernoj terminologiji, novac uvijek evoluira kroz četiri stadija:
- Kolekcionarstvo: U prvoj fazi svoje evolucije, novac je tražen samo zbog svojih posebnih svojstava, uglavnom zbog želja onog koji ga posjeduje. Školjke, perlice i zlato su bili sakupljani prije nego su poprimili poznatije uloge novca.
- Spremište vrijednosti: Jednom kada je novac tražen od dovoljnog broja ljudi, biti će prepoznat kao način za čuvanje i spremanje vrijednosti kroz vrijeme. Kada neko dobro postane široko korišteno kao spremište vrijednosti, njegova kupovna moć raste sa povećanom potražnjom za tu svrhu. Kupovna moć spremišta vrijednosti će u jednom trenutku doći do vrhunca, kada je dovolno rašireno i broj novih ljudi koji ga potražuju splasne.
- Sredstvo razmjene: Kada je novac potpuno etabliran kao spremište vrijednosti, njegova kupovna moć se stabilizira. Nakon toga, postane prikladno sredstvo razmjene zbog stabilnosti svoje cijene. U najranijim danima Bitcoina, mnogi ljudi nisu shvaćali koju buduću cijenu plaćaju koristeći bitcoine kao sredstvo razmjene, umjesto kao novonastalo spremište vrijednosti. Poznata priča o čovjeku koji je za 10,000 bitcoina (vrijednih oko 94 milijuna dolara kada je ovaj članak napisan) za dvije pizze ilustrira ovaj problem.
- Jedinica računanja vrijednosti: Jednom kada je novac široko korišten kao sredstvo razmjene, dobra će biti vrednovana u njemu, tj. većina cijena će biti izražena u njemu. Uobičajena zabluda je da je većinu dobara moguće zamijeniti za bitcoine danas. Npr., premda je možda moguće kupiti šalicu kave za bitcoine, izlistana cijena nije prava bitcoin cijena; zapravo se radi o cijeni u državnoj valuti koju želi trgovac, preračunatu u bitcoin po trenutnoj tržišnoj cijeni. Kad bi cijena bitcoina pala u odnosu na valutu, vrijednost šalice izražena u bitcoinima bi se povećala. Od trenutka kada trgovci budu voljni prihvaćani bitcoine kao platežno sredstvo, bez obraćanja pažnje na vrijednost bitcoina u državnoj fiat valuti, moći ćemo reći da je Bitcoin zaista postao jedinica računanja vrijednosti.
Monetarna dobra koja još nisu jedinice računanja vrijednosti možemo smatrati “djelomično monetiziranima.” Danas zlato ima takvu ulogu, jer je spremište vrijednosti, ali su mu uloge sredstva razmjene i računanja vrijednosti oduzete intervencijama država. Moguće je također da se jedno dobro koristi kao sredstvo razmjene, dok druga ispunjavaju ostale uloge. To je tipično u zemljama gdje je država disfunkcionalna, npr. Argentina ili Zimbabwe. U svojoj knjizi, Digitalno zlato, Nathaniel Popper piše:
"U Americi, dolar služi trima funkcijama novca: nudi sredstvo razmjene, jedinicu za mjerenje vrijednosti dobara, i mjesto gdje se može čuvati vrijednosti. S druge strane, argentinski peso je korišten kao sredstvo razmjene (za svakodnevne potrebe), ali ga nitko nije koristio kao spremište vrijednosti. Štednja u pesosima bila je ekvivalent bacanja novca. Zato su ljudi svu svoju štednju imali u dolarima, jer je dolar bolje čuvao vrijednost. Zbog volatilnosti pesosa, ljudi su računali cijene u dolarima, što im je pružalo pouzdaniju jedinicu mjerenja kroz vrijeme."
Bitcoin je trenutno u fazi tranzicije iz prvog stadija monetizacije u drugi. Vjerojatno će proći nekoliko godina prije nego Bitcoin pređe iz začetaka spremišta vrijednosti u istinski medij razmjene, i put do tog trenutka je još uvijek pun rizika i nesigurnosti. Važno je napomenuti da je ista tranzicija trajala mnogo stoljeća za zlato. Nitko danas živ nije doživio monetizaciju dobra u realnom vremenu (kroz koju Bitcoin prolazi), tako da nemamo puno iskustva govoriti o putu i načinu na koji će se monetizacija dogoditi.
Put monetizacije
Kroz proces monetizacije, monetarno dobro će naglo porasti u kupovnoj moći. Mnogi su tako komentirali da je uvećanje kupovne moći Bitcoina izgledalo kao “balon” (bubble). Premda je ovaj termin često korišten kako bi ukazao na pretjeranu vrijednosti Bitcoina, sasvim slučajno je prikladan. Svojstvo koje je uobičajeno za sva monetarna dobra jest da je njihova kupovna moć viša nego što se može opravdati samo kroz njihovu uporabnu vrijednost. Zaista, mnogi povijesni novci nisu imali uporabnu vrijednost. Razliku između kupovne moći i vrijednosti razmjene koju bi novac mogao imati za svoju inherentnu korisnost, možemo razmatrati kao “monetarnu premiju.” Kako monetarno dobro prolazi kroz stadije monetizacije (navedene gore), monetarna premija raste. No, ta premija ne raste u ravnoj i predvidivoj liniji. Dobro X, koje je bilo u procesu monetizacije, može izgubiti u usporedbi sa dobrom Y koje ima više svojstava novca, te monetarna premija dobra X drastično padne ili potpuno nestane. Monetarna premija srebra je skoro potpuno nestala u kasnom 19. stoljeću, kada su ga vlade diljem svijeta zamijenile zlatom kao novcem.
Čak i u odsustvu vanjskih faktora, kao što su intervencije vlade ili druga monetarna dobra, monetarna premija novog novca neće ići predvidivim putem. Ekonomist Larry White primijetio je:
"problem sa pričom “balona,” naravno, je da je ona konzistentna sa svakim putem cijene, i time ne daje ikakvo objašnjenje za specifičan put cijene"
Proces monetizacije opisuje teorija igara; svaki akter na tržištu pokušava predvidjeti agregiranu potražnju ostalih aktera, i time buduću monetarnu premiju. Zato što je monetarna premija nevezana za inherentnu korisnost, tržišni akteri se uglavnom vode za prošlim cijenama da bi odredili je li neko dobro jeftino ili skupo, i žele li ga kupiti ili prodati. Veza trenutne potražnje sa prošlim cijenama naziva se “ovisnost o putu” (path dependence); ona je možda najveći izvor konfuzije u shvaćanju kretanja cijena monetarnih dobara.
Kada kupovna moć monetarnog dobra naraste zbog većeg i šireg korištenja, očekivanja tržišta o definicijama “jeftinog” i “skupog” se mijenjaju u skladu s time. Slično tome, kada cijena monetarnog dobra padne, očekivanja tržišta mogu se promijeniti u opće vjerovanje da su prethodne cijene bile “iracionalne” ili prenapuhane. Ovisnost o putu novca ilustrirana je riječima poznatog upravitelja fondova s Wall Streeta, Josha Browna:
"Kupio sam bitcoine kada su koštali $2300, i to mi se udvostručilo gotovo odmah. Onda sam počeo govoriti kako “ne mogu kupiti još” dok im je cijena rasla, premda sam znao da je to razmišljanje bazirano samo na cijenu po kojoj sam ih kupio. Kasnije, kada je cijena pala zbog kineske regulacije mjenjačnica, počeo sam si govoriti, “Odlično, nadam se da će još pasti da mogu kupiti još.”"
Istina leži u tome da su ideje “jeftinog” i “skupog” zapravo besmislene kada govorimo o monetarnim dobrima. Cijena monetarnog dobra ne reflektira njegovu stopu rasprostanjenosti ili korisnosti, nego mjeru koliko je ono široko prihvaćeno da ispuni razne uloge novca.
Dodatna komplikacija u ovom aspektu novca je činjenica da tržišni akteri ne djeluju samo kao nepristrani promatrači koji pokušavaju kupiti i prodati u iščekivanju budućih kretanja monetarne premije, nego i kao aktivni proponenti. Pošto ne postoji objektivno “točna” monetarna premija, širiti dobar glas o superiornijim svojstvima nekog monetarnog dobra je efektivnije nego za obična dobra, čija vrijednost je u konačnici vezana na njegovu osnovnu korisnost. Religiozni zanos sudionika na Bitcoin tržištu vidljiv je na raznim internetskim forumima, gdje Bitcoineri aktivno promoviraju benefine Bitcoina i bogatstvo koje je moguće ostvariti investiranjem u njega. Promatrajući Bitcoin tržište, Leigh Drogen komentira:
"To je prepoznatljivo svima kao religija - priča koju si pričamo i oko koje se slažemo. Religija je krivulja na grafu prihvaćanja o kojoj trebamo razmišljati. Sustav je gotovo savršen - onog trenutka kada netko pristupi krugu Bitcoinera, to će reći svima i nastaviti širiti riječ. Onda njihovi prijatelji pristupe i nastave širiti riječ."
Premda usporedba sa religijom može staviti Bitcoin u iracionalno svjetlo, potpuno je racionalno za individualnog vlasnika da širi dobru vijest o superiornom monetarnom dobru, i za šire društvo da se standardizira oko njega. Novac djeluje kao temelj za svu trgovinu i štednju; tako da prihvaćanje superiornog oblika novca ima ogromne multiplicirajuće benefite za stvaranje bogatstva za sve članove društva.
Oblik monetizacije
U članku o Spekulativnom prihvaćanju Bitcoina / teorije cijene, Michael Casey postulira da rastući Gartner hype ciklusi predstavljaju faze standardne S-krivulje prihvaćanja novih tehnologija, koje su bile prisutne kod mnogih transformacijskih tehnologija dok su postajale uobičajene u društvu.
Svaki Gartner hype ciklus počinje sa eksplozijom entuzijazma za novom tehnologijom, a cijenu podižu oni sudionici na tržištvu koji su “dostupni” u toj fazi. Najraniji kupci u Gartner hype ciklusu obično imaju jaku vjeru o transformacijskoj prirodi tehnologije u koju ulažu. S vremenom, tržište dosegne vrhunac entuzijazma kako se količina novih kupaca iscrpljuje, te kupovinom počnu dominirati spekulatori koji su više zainteresirani u brze profite nego u samu tehnologiju.
Nakon vrha hype ciklusa, cijene rapidno padaju dok spekulativno ludilo ustupa mjesto očajavanju, javnoj poruzi i osjećaju da tehnologija nije uopće bila transformacijska. S vremenom, cijena dosegne dno i formira plato na kojem se originalnim ulagačima, koji su imali snažno uvjerenje, pridružuju nove grupe ljudi koji su izdržali bol kraha cijena i koji cijene važnost same tehnologije.
Plato traje neko vrijeme i formira, kako Casey kaže, “stabilnu, dosadnu dolinu.” Za ovo vrijeme, javni interes za tehnologiju opada, no nastaviti će se razvijati i snažna zajednica uvjerenja će polako rasti. Tada, postavlja se nova baza za sljedeću iteraciju hype ciklusa, dok vanjski promatrači prepoznaju da tehnologija i dalje postoji i da ulaganje u nju možda nije onoliko rizično kao što se činilo za vrijeme pada cijene. Sljedeća iteracija hype ciklusa donosi mnogo veći broj novih ljudi, pa je i ciklus daleko veći u svojoj magnitudi.
Jako mali broj ljudi koji sudjeluju u Gartner hype ciklusu će točno predvidjeti koliko će visoko cijena porasti za vrijeme ciklusa. Cijene često dosegnu razine koje bi se činile apsurdnima većini ulagača u raniji stadijima ciklusa. Kada ciklus završi, mediji tipično atribuiraju pad cijene nekoj od aktualnih drušvenih tema. Premda takva tema može biti okidač pada, ona nikad nije temeljni razlog zašto ciklus završava. Gartner hype ciklusi završavaju kada je količina dostupnih novih sudionika na tržištu iscrpljena.
Zanimljivo je da je i zlato nacrtalo klasičan graf Gartner hype ciklusa od kasnih 1970-ih do ranih 2000-ih. Moguće je spekulirati da je hype ciklus osnovna socijalna dinamika oko procesa monetizacije.
Gartner kohorte
Od početka trgovanja Bitcoina na mjenjačnicama 2010. godine, Bitcoin tržište je svjedočilo četirima velikim Gartner hype ciklusima. U retrospektivi, možemo vrlo precizno identificirati grupe cijena prethodnih hype ciklusa Bitcoin tržišta. Također, možemo kvalitativno odrediti kohorte ulagača koje su povezane sa svakom iteracijom prethodnih ciklusa.
$0–$1 (2009. – 3. mjesec 2011.): Prvi hype ciklus u Bitcoin tržištu dominirali su kriptografi, računalni znanstvenici i cypherpunkovi koji su od početka bili spremni razumijeti važnost nevjerojatnog izuma Satoshija Nakamotoa, i koji su bili pioniri u potvrđivanju da Bitcoin protokol nema tehničkih mana.
$1–$30 (3. mjesec 2011. – 7. mjesec. 2011.): Drugi ciklus privukao je rane entuzijaste oko novih tehnologija kao i stabilan pritok ideološki motiviranih ulagača koji su bili oduševljeni idejom novca odvojenog od države. Libertarijanci poput Rogera Vera došli su u Bitcoin zbog aktivnog anti-institucionalnog stava, i mogućnosti koju je nova tehnologija obećavala. Wences Casares, briljantni i dobro povezani serijski poduzetnik, bio je također dio drugog Bitcoin hype ciklusa te je širio riječ o Bitcoinu među najprominentnijim tehnolozima i ulagačima u Silicijskoj Dolini.
$250–$1100 (4. mjesec 2013. – 12. mjesec 2013.): Treći hype ciklus doživio je ulazak ranih generalnih i institucionalnih ulagača koji su bili voljni uložiti trud i riskirati kroz užasno komplicirane kanale likvidnosti kako bi kupili bitcoine. Primaran izvor likvidnosti na tržištu za vrijeme ovog perioda bio je MtGox, mjenjačnica bazirana u Japanu, koju je vodio notorno nesposobni i beskrupulozni Mark Karpeles, koji je kasnije završio i u zatvoru zbog svoje uloge u kolapsu MtGoxa.
Valja primijetiti da je rast Bitcoinove cijene za vrijeme spomenuti hype ciklusa većinom povezano sa povećanjem likvidnosti i lakoćom sa kojom su ulagači mogli kupiti bitcoine. Za vrijeme prvog hype ciklusa, nisu postojale mjenjačnice; akvizicija bitcoina se odvijala primarno kroz rudarenje (mining) ili kroz izravnu razmjenu sa onima koju su već izrudarili bitcoine. Za vrijeme drugog hype ciklusa, pojavile su se rudimentarne mjenjačnice, no nabavljanje i osiguravanje bitcoina na ovim mjenjačnicama bilo je previše kompleksno za sve osim tehnološki najsposobnijih ulagača. Čak i za vrijeme trećeg hype ciklusa, ulagači koju su slali novac na MtGox kako bi kupili bitcoine su morali raditi kroz značajne prepreke. Banke nisu bile voljne imati posla sa mjenjačnicom, a oni posrednici koji su nudili usluge transfera bili su često nesposobni, kriminalni, ili oboje. Nadalje, mnogi koji su uspjeli poslati novac MtGoxu, u konačnici su morali prihvatiti gubitak svojih sredstava kada je mjenjačnica hakirana i kasnije zatvorena.
Tek nakon kolapsa MtGox mjenjačnice i dvogodišnje pauze u tržišnoj cijeni Bitcoina, razvili su se zreli i duboki izvori likvidnosti; primjeri poput reguliranih mjenjačnica kao što su GDAX i OTC brokeri kao Cumberland mining. Dok je četvrti hype ciklus započeo 2016. godine, bilo je relativno lako običnim ulagačima kupiti i osigurati bitcoine.
$1100–$19600? (2014. –?):
U trenutku pisanja ovog teksta, tržište Bitcoina je prolazilo svoj četvrti veliki hype ciklus. Sudjelovanje u ovom hype ciklusu dominirala je ona skupina koju je Michael Casey opisao kao “rana većina” običnih i institucionalnih ulagača.
Kako su se izvori likvidnosti produbljivali i sazrijevali, veliki institucionalni ulagači sada imaju priliku sudjelovati kroz regulirana “futures” tržišta. Dostupnosti takvih tržišta stvara put ka kreaciji Bitcoin ETF-a (exchange traded fund) (fond na slobodnom tržištu), koji će onda pokrenuti “kasnu većinu” i “najsporije” u sljedećim hype ciklusima.
Premda je nemoguće predvidjeti točan efekt budućih hype ciklusa, razumno je očekivati da će najviša točka biti između $20,000 i $50,000 (2021. zenit je bio preko $69,000). Znatno više od ovog raspona, i Bitcoin bi imao znatan postotak ukupne vijednosti zlata (zlato i Bitcoin bi imali jednaku tržišnu kapitalizaciju kada bi bitcoini vrijedili oko $380,000 u trenutku pisanja ovog teksta). Značajan postotak vrijednosti zlata dolazi od potražnje centralnih banaka, te je malo vjerojatno da će centralne banke ili suverene države sudjelovati u trenutnom hype ciklusu.
Ulazak suverenih država u Bitcoin
Bitcoinov zadnji Gartner hype ciklus će započeti kada ga suverene države počnu akumulirati kao dio svojih rezervi stranih valuta. Tržišna kapitalizacija Bitcoina je trenutno premala da bismo ga smatrali značajnim dodatkom rezervama većini zemalja. No, kako se interes u privatnom sektoru povećava i kapitalizacija Bitcoina se približi trilijunu dolara, postat će dovoljno likvidan za većinu država. Prva država koja službeno doda bitcoine u svoje rezerve će vjerojatno potaknuti stampedo ostalih da učine isto. Države koje su među prvima u usvajanju Bitcoina imat će najviše benefita u svojim knjigama ako Bitcoin u konačnici postane globalna valuta (global reserve currency). Nažalost, vjerojatno će države sa najjačom izvršnom vlasti - diktature poput Sjeverne Koreje - biti najbrže u akumulaciji bitcoina. Neodobravanje prema takvim državama i slaba izvršna tijela zapadnjačkih demokracija uzrokovat će sporost i kašnjenje u akumulaciji bitcoina za njihove vlastite rezerve.
Velika je ironija u tome što je SAD trenutno jedna od regulatorno najotvorenijih nacija prema Bitcoinu, dok su Kina i Rusija najzatvorenije. SAD riskira najviše, geopolitički, ako bi Bitcoin zamijenio dolar kao svjetska rezervna valuta. U 1960-ima, Charles de Gaulle je kritizirao “pretjeranu privilegiju” (“exorbitant privilege”) koju su SAD imale u međunarodnom monetarnom poretku, postavljenom kroz Bretton Woods dogovor 1944. godine. Ruska i kineska vlada još ne shvaćaju geo-strateške benefite Bitcoina kao rezervne valute, te se trenutno brinu o efektima koje bi mogao imati na njihova unutarnja tržišta. Kao de Gaulle u 1960-ima, koji je prijetio SAD-u povratkom na klasični standard zlata, Kinezi i Rusi će s vremenom uvidjeti korist u velikoj poziciji u Bitcoinu - spremištu vrijednosti bez pokrića ijedne vlade. Sa najvećom koncentracijom rudara Bitcoina u Kini (2017.), kineska vlada već ima znatnu potencijalnu prednost u stavljanju bitcoina u svoje rezerve.
SAD se ponosi svojim statusom nacije inovatora, sa Silicijskom dolinom kao krunom svoje ekonomije. Dosad, Silicijska dolina je dominirala konverzacijom usmjerenom prema regulaciji, i poziciji koju bi ona treba zauzeti prema Bitcoinu. No, bankovna industrija i federalna rezerva SAD-a (US Federal Reserve, Fed) napokon počinju uviđati egzistencijalnu prijetnju koju Bitcoin predstavlja za američku monetarnu politiku, postankom globalne rezervne valute. Wall Street Journal, jedan od medijskih glasova federalne reserve, izdao je komentar o Bitcoinu kao prijetnji monetarnoj politici SAD-a:
"Postoji još jedna opasnost, možda i ozbiljnija iz perspektive centralnih banaka i regulatora: bitcoin možda ne propadne. Ako je spekulativni žar u kriptovalutu samo prvi pokazatelj njezinog šireg korištenja kao alternative dolaru, Bitcoin će svakako ugroziti monopol centralnih banaka nad novcem."
U narednim godinama, možemo očekivati veliku borbu između poduzetnika i inovatora u Silicijskoj dolini, koji će pokušavati čuvati Bitcoin od državne kontrole s jedne strane, i bankovne industrije i centralnih banaka koje će učiniti sve što mogu da bi regulirale Bitcoin kako bi spriječile znatne promjene u svojoj industriji i moći izdavanja novca, s druge.
Prijelaz na medij razmjene
Monetarno dobro ne može postati opće prihvaćen medij razmjene (standardna ekonomska definicija za “novac”) prije nego je vrednovano od širokog spektra ljudi; jednostavno, dobro koje nije vrednovano neće biti prihvaćeno u razmjeni. Kroz proces generalnog rasta vrijednosti, i time postanka spremišta vrijednosti, monetarno dobro će brzo narasti u kupovnoj moći, i time stvoriti cijenu za korištenje u razmjeni. Samo kada ta cijena rizika mijenjanja spremišta vrijednosti padne dovoljno nisko, može dobro postati opće prihvaćen medij razmjene.
Preciznije, monetarno dobro će biti prikladno kao medij razmjene samo kada je suma cijene rizika i transakcijske cijene u razmjeni manja nego u trgovini bez tog dobra.
U društvu koje vrši robnu razmjenu, prijelaz spremišta vrijednosti u medij razmjene može se dogoditi čak i onda kada monetarno dobro raste u kupovnoj moći, zato što su transakcijski troškovi robne razmjene iznimno visoki. U razvijenoj ekonomiji, u kojoj su troškovi razmjene niski, moguće je za mladu i rapidno rastućnu tehnologiju spremišta vrijednosti, poput Bitcoina, da se koristi kao medij razmjene, doduše na ograničen način. Jedan primjer je ilegalno tržište droge, gdje su kupci voljni žrtvovati oportunu cijenu čuvanja bitcoina kako bi umanjili znatan rizik kupovine droge koristeći fiat novac.
Postoje međutim velike institucionalne barijere da novonastalo spremište vrijednosti postane sveopće prihvaćen medij razmjene u razvijenom društvu. Države koriste oporezivanje kao moćnu metodu zaštite svojeg suverenog novca protiv rivalskih monetarnih dobara. Ne samo da suvereni novac ima prednost konstantnog izvora potražnje, zato što je porez moguće platiti jedino u njemu, nego su i rivalska monetarna dobra oporezana pri svakoj razmjeni za vrijeme rastuće cijene. Ova metoda oporezivanja stvara znatan otpor korištenju spremišta vrijednosti kao medija razmjene.
Ovakvo sabotiranje tržišnih monetarnih dobara nije nepremostiva barijera za njihovo prihvaćanje kao općeg medija razmjene. Ako ljudi izgube vjeru u suvereni novac, njegova vrijednost može rapidno propasti kroz proces zvan hiperinflacija. Kada suvereni novac prolazi kroz hiperinflaciju, njegova vrijednost propadne prvo u usporedbi sa najlikvidnijim dobrima u društvu, kao što je zlato ili stabilna strana valuta (američki dolar npr.), ako su ona dostupna. Kada nema likvidnih dobara ili ih ima premalo, novac u hiperinflaciji kolabira u usporedbi sa stvarnim dobrima, kao što su nekretnine ili upotrebljiva roba. Arhetipska slika hiperinflacije je trgovina sa praznim policama - potrošači brzo bježe iz propadajuće vrijednosti novca svoje nacije.
Nakon dovoljno vremena, kada je vjera potpuno uništena za vrijeme hiperinflacije, suvereni novac više nitko ne prihvaća, te se društvo može vratiti na robnu razmjenu, ili će doživjeti potpunu zamjenu monetarne jedinice za sredstvo razmjene. Primjer ovog procesa bila je zamjena zimbabveanskog dolara za američki dolar. Takva promjena suverenog novca za stranu valutu je dodatno otežana relativnom oskudnošću strane valute i odsustvom stranih bankarskih institucija koje pružaju likvidnost tržištu.
Sposobnost lakog prenošenja bitcoina preko granica i odsustvo potrebe za bankarskim sustavom čine Bitcoin idealnim monetarnim dobrom za one ljude koji pate pod hiperinflacijom. U nadolazećim godinama, kako fiat valute nastave svoj povijesni trend ka bezvrijednosti, Bitcoin će postati sve popularniji izbor za ušteđevine ljudi diljem svijeta. Kada je novac nacije napušten i zamijenjen Bitcoinom, Bitcoin će napraviti tranziciju iz spremišta vrijednosti u tom društvu u opće prihvaćeno sredstvo razmjene. Daniel Krawicz stvorio je termin “hiperbitcoinizacija” da bi opisao ovaj proces.
Učestala pogrešna shvaćanja
Većina ovog članka usredotočila se na monetarnu prirodu Bitcoina. Sa tim temeljima možemo adresirati neke od najčešćih nerazumijevanja u Bitcoinu.
Bitcoin je balon (bubble)
Bitcoin, kao sva tržišna monetarna dobra, posjeduje monetarnu premiju. Ona često rezultira uobičajenom kritikom da je Bitcoin samo “balon.” No, sva monetarna dobra imaju monetarnu premiju. Naprotiv, ta monetarna premija (cijena viša od one koju diktira potražnja za dobrom kao korisnim) je upravo karakteristična za sve oblike novca. Drugim riječima, novac je uvijek i svuda balon. Paradoksalno, monetarno dobro je istovremeno balon i ispod vrijednosti ukoliko je u ranijim stadijima općeg prihvaćanja kao novac.
Bitcoin je previše volatilan
Volatilnost cijene Bitcoina je funkcija njegovog nedavnog nastanka. U prvih nekoliko godina svojeg postojanja, Bitcoin se ponašao kao mala dionica, i svaki veliki kupac - kao npr. braća Winklevoss - mogao je uzrokovati veliki skok u njegovoj cijeni. No, kako su se prihvaćenost i likvidnost povećavali kroz godine, volatilnost Bitcoina je srazmjerno smanjila. Kada Bitcoin postigne tržišnu kapitalizaciju (vrijednost) zlata, imat će sličnu volatilnost kao i zlato. Kako Bitcoin nastavi rasti, njegova volatilnost će se smanjiti do razine koja ga čini prikladnim za široko korištenje kao medij razmjene. Kao što je prethodno rečeno, monetizacija Bitcoina se odvija u seriji Gartner hype ciklusa. Volatilnost je najniža za vrijeme vrhunaca i dolina unutar ciklusa. Svaki hype ciklus ima nižu volatilnost od prethodnih, zato što je likvidnost tržišta veća.
Cijene transakcija su previsoke
Novija kritika Bitcoin mreže je ta da ju je povećanje cijena prijenosa bitcoina učinilo neprikladnom za sustav plaćanja. No, rast u cijenama transakcija je zdrav i očekivan. One su nužne za plaćanje bitcoin minera (rudara), koji osiguravaju mrežu validacijom transakcija. Rudare se plaća kroz cijene transakcija ili kroz blok-nagrade, koje su inflacijska subvencija od trane trenutnih vlasnika bitcoina.
S obzirom na Bitcoinovu fiksnu proizvodnju (monetarna politika koja ga čini idealnim za spremanje vrijednosti), blok-nagrade će s vremenom nestati i mrežu će se u konačnici morati osiguravati kroz cijene transakcija. Mreža sa “niskim” cijenama transakcija je mreža sa slabom sigurnosti i osjetljiva na vanjsku intervenciju i cenzuru. Oni koji hvale niske cijene Bitcoinovih alternative zapravo niti ne znajući opisuju slabosti tih takozvanih “alt-coina.”
Površan temelj kritika Bitcoinovih “visokih” cijena transakcija je uvjerenje da bi Bitcoin trebao biti prvo sustav plaćanja, i drugo spremište vrijednosti. Kao što smo vidjeli kroz povijest novca, ovo uvjerenje je naopako. Samo onda kada Bitcoin postane duboko ukorijenjeno spremište novca može biti prikladan kao sredstvo razmjene. Nadalje, kada oportunitetni trošak razmjene bitcoina dođe na razinu koja ga čini prikladnim sredstvom razmjene, većina trgovine neće se odvijati na samoj Bitcoin mreži, nego na mrežama “drugog sloja” (second layer) koje će imati niže cijene transakcija. Takve mreže, poput Lightning mreže, služe kao moderna verzija zadužnica koje su korištene za prijenos vlasničkih papira zlata u 19. stoljeću. Banke su koristile zadužnice zato što je prijenos samog metala bio daleko skuplji. Za razliku od takvih zadužnica, Lightning mreža će omogućavati nisku cijenu prijenosa bitcoina bez potrebe za povjerenjem prema trećoj strani, poput banaka. Razvoj Lightning mreže je tehnološka inovacija od izuzetne važnosti u povijesti Bitcoina, i njezina vrijednost će postati očita u narednim godinama, kako je sve više ljudi bude razvijalo i koristilo.
Konkurencija
Pošto je Bitcoin softverski protokol otvorenog tipa (open-source), oduvijek je bilo moguće kopirati softver i imitirati mrežu. Kroz godine nastajali su mnogi imitatori, od identičnih kopija, kao Litecoin, do kompleksnijih varijanti kao što je Ethereum, koje obećavaju arbitrarno kompleksne ugovorne mehanizme koristeći decentralizirani računalni sustav. Česta kritika Bitcoinu od strane ulagača je ta da on ne može zadržati svoju vrijednost kada je vrlo lako stvoriti konkurente koji mogu lako i brzo u sebi imati najnovije inovacije i softverske funkcionalnosti.
Greška u ovom argumentu leži u manju takozvanog “mrežnog efekta” (network effect), koji postoji u prvoj i dominantnoj tehnologiji u nekom području. Mrežni efekt - velika vrijednost korištenja Bitcoina samo zato što je već dominantan - je važno svojstvo samo po sebi. Za svaku tehnologiju koja posjeduje mrežni efekt, to je daleko najvažnije svojstvo koje može imati.
Za Bitcoin, mrežni efekt uključuje likvidnost njegovog tržišta, broj ljudi koji ga posjeduju, i zajednicu programera koji održavaju i unaprjeđuju njegov softver i svjesnost u javnosti. Veliki ulagači, uključujući države, će uvijek prvo tražiti najlikvidnije tržište, kako bi mogli ući i izaći iz tržišta brzo, i bez utjecanja na cijenu. Programeri će se pridružiti dominantnoj programerskoj zajednici sa najboljim talentom, i time pojačati samu zajednicu. Svjesnost o brendu sama sebe pojačava, pošto se nadobudni konkurenti Bitcoina uvijek spominju u kontekstu Bitcoina kao takvog.
Raskrižje na putu (fork)
Trend koji je postao popularan 2017. godine nije bio samo imitacija Bitcoinovog softvera, nego kopiranje potpune povijesti njegovih prošlih transakcija (cijeli blockchain). Kopiranjem Bitcoinovog blockchaina do određene točke/bloka i odvajanjem sljedećih blokova ka novoj mreži, u procesu znanom kao “forking” (odvajanje), Bitcoinovi konkurenti su uspjeli riješiti problem distribuiranja svojeg tokena velikom broju korisnika.
Najznačajniji takav fork dogodio se 1. 8. 2017. godine, kada je nova mreža nazvana Bitcoin Cash (Bcash) stvorena. Vlasnik N količine bitcoina prije 1.8.2017. bi onda posjedovao N bitcoina i N BCash tokena. Mala, ali vrlo glasna zajednica Bcash proponenata je neumorno pokušavala prisvojiti Bitcoinov brend i ime, imenujući svoju novu mrežu Bitcoin Cast i pokušavajući uvjeriti nove pridošlice u Bitcoin da je Bcash “pravi” Bitcoin. Ti pokušaji su većinom propali, i taj neuspjeh se vidi u tržišnim kapitalizacijama dviju mreža. No, za nove ulagače, i dalje postoji rizik da bi konkurent mogao kopirati Bitcoin i njegov blockchain i tako uspjeti u preuzimanju tržišne kapitalizacije, te postati de facto Bitcoin.
Moguće je uočiti važno pravilo gledajući velike forkove u prošlosti Bitcoin i Ethereum mreža. Većina tržišne kapitalizacije odvijat će se na mreži koja zadrži najviši stupanj talenta i aktivnosti u zajednici programera. Premda se na Bitcoin može gledati kao na nov i mlad novac, on je također računalna mreža koja počiva na softveru, kojeg se pak treba održavati i poboljšavati. Kupovina tokena na mreži koja ima malo neiskusnih programera bilo bi kao kupovati kopiju Microsoft Windowsa na kojoj rade lošiji programeri. Jasno je vidljivo iz povijesti forkova koji su se odvili 2017. godine da su najbolji računalni i kriptografski stručnjaci posvećeni razvoju originalnog Bitcoina, a ne nekoj od rastućeg broja imitacija koje su se izrodile iz njega.
Stvarni rizici
Premda su uobičajene kritike upućene Bitconu od strane medija i ekonomske profesije krive i bazirane na netočnom shvaćanju novca, postoje pravi i značajni rizici kod ulaganja u Bitcoin. Bilo bi mudro za novog Bitcoin ulagača da shvati ove rizike prije potencijalnog ulaganja.
Rizik protokola
Bitcoin protokol i kriptografski sastavni dijelovi na kojima je sagrađen potencijalno imaju dosad nepronađenu grešku u svom dizajnu, ili mogu postati nesigurni razvojem kvantnih računala. Ako se pronađe greška u protokolu, ili neka nova metoda računarstva učini mogućim probijanje kriptografskih temelja Bitcoina, vjera u Bitcoin biti će znatno narušena. Rizik protokola bio je najviši u ranim godinama razvoja Bitcoina, kada je još uvijek bilo nejasno, čak i iskusnim kriptografima, je li Satoshi Nakamoto zaista riješio problem bizantskih generala (Byzantine Generals’ Problem). Brige oko ozbiljnih grešaka u Bitcoin protokolu nestale su kroz godine, no uzevši u obzir njegovu tehnološku prirodu, rizik protokola će uvijek ostati u Bitcoinu, makar i kao izuzetak.
Propadanje mjenjačnica
Time što je decentraliziran, Bitcoin je pokazao značajnu otpornost, suočen sa brojnim pokušajima raznih vlada da ga reguliraju ili unište. No, mjenjačnice koje trguju bitcoinima za fiat valute su centralizirani entiteti i podložne regulacijama i zatvaranju. Bez mjenjačnica i volje bankara da s njima posluju, proces monetizacije Bitcoina bio bi ozbiljno usporen, ako ne i potpuno zaustavljen. Iako postoje alternativni izvori likvidnosti za Bitcoin, poput “over-the-counter” brokera i decentraliziranih tržišta za kupovinu i prodaju bitcoina, kritičan proces otkrivanja i definiranja cijene se odvija na najlikvidnijim mjenjačnicama, koje su sve centralizirane.
Jedan od načina za umanjivanje rizika gašenja mjenjačnica je geografska arbitraža. Binance, jedna od velikih mjenjačnica iz Kine, preselila se u Japan nakon što joj je kineska vlada zabranila operiranje u Kini. Vlade su također oprezne kako ne bi ugušile novu industriju koja je potencijalno značajna kao i internet, i time predale nevjerojatnu konkurentnu vrijednost drugim nacijama.
Samo kroz koordinirano globalno ukidanje Bitcoin mjenjačnica bi proces monetizacije mogao biti zaustavljen. Trenutno smo u utrci; Bitcoin raste i postaje sve rašireniji, i doći će do trenutka kada bi potpuno ukidanje mjenjačnica postalo politički neizvedivo - kao i gašenje interneta. Mogućnost takvog ukidanja je još uvijek realna, i valja je uzeti u obzir pri ulaganju u Bitcoin. Kao što je gore objašnjeno, suverene vlade se polako bude i uviđaju prijetnju koju predstavlja neovisna digitalna valuta otporna na cenzuru, za njihovu monetarnu politiku. Otvoreno je pitanje hoće li išta poduzeti da odgovore ovoj prijetnji prije nego Bitcoin postane toliko utvrđen i raširen da politička akcija postane nemoćna i ne-efektivna.
Zamjenjivost
Otvorena i transparentna priroda Bitcoin blockchaina omogućava državama da proglase specifične bitcoine “okaljanima” zbog njihovog korištenja u određenim aktivnostima. Premda Bitcoin, na protokolarnoj razini, ne diskriminira transakcije na ikoji način, “okaljani” bitcoini bi mogli postati bezvrijedni ako bi ih regulacije proglasile ilegalnima i neprihvatljivima za mjenjačnice ili trgovce. Bitcoin bi tada izgubio jedno od kritičnih svojstava monetarnog dobra: zamjenjivost.
Da bi se ovaj problem riješio i umanjio, biti će potrebna poboljšanja na razini protokola kako bi se poboljšala privatnost transakcija. Premda postoji napredak u ovom smjeru, prvi put primjenjen u digitalnim valutama kao što su Monero i Zcash, potrebno je napraviti značajne tehnološke kompromise između efikasnosti i kompleksnosti Bitcoina i njegove privatnosti. Pitanje ostaje otvoreno je li moguće dodati nova svojstva privatnosti na Bitcoin, na način koji neće kompromitirati njegovu korisnost kao novca.
Zaključak
Bitcoin je novonastali novac koji je u procesu transformacije iz sakupljačkog dobra u spremište vrijednosti. Kao neovisno monetarno dobro, moguće je da će u budućnosti postati globalan novac, slično kao zlato za vrijeme 19. stoljeća. Prihvaćanje Bitcoina kao globalnog novca je upravo taj optimističan scenarij za Bitcoin, kojeg je artikulirao Satoshi Nakamoto još 2010. godine u email razmjeni sa Mikeom Hearnom:
"Ako zamisliš da se koristi u nekom dijelu svjetske trgovine, i da će postojati samo 21 milijun bitcoina za cijeli svijet, vrijednost po jedinici će biti znatno veća".
Ovaj scenarij je još snažnije definirao briljantni kriptograf Hal Finney, koji je ujedno primio i prve bitcoine od Nakamotoa, ubrzo nakon najave prvog funkcionalnog Bitcoin softvera:
"Zamislimo da Bitcoin bude uspješan i postane dominantan sustav plaćanja diljem svijeta. U tom slučaju će ukupna vrijednost valute biti jednaka ukupnoj vrijednosti svog bogatstva svijeta. Današnje procjene ukupnog svjetskog bogatska kućanstava koje sam pronašao borave negdje između 100 i 300 trilijuna dolara. Sa 20 milijuna bitcoina, svaki bi onda vrijedio oko 10 milijuna dolara."
Čak i da Bitcoin ne postane u cijelost globalan novac, nego da se samo natječe sa zlatom kao neovisno spremište vrijednosti, i dalje je masivno podcijenjen. Mapiranje tržišne kapitalizacije postojeće količine izrudarenog zlata (oko 8 trilijuna dolara) na maksimalnu dostupnost Bitcoina od 21 milijun, daje vrijednost od otprilike 380,000 dolara po bitcoinu. Kao što smo vidjeli u prethodnom tekstu, svojstva koja omogućavaju monetarnom dobru da bude prikladno spremište vrijednosti, čine Bitcoin superiornijim zlatu u svakom pogledu osim trajanja povijesti. No, kako vrijeme prolazi i Lindy efekt postane jači, dosadašnja povijest će prestati biti prednost zlata. Samim time, nije nerazumno očekivati da će Bitcoin narasti do, a možda i preko, ukupne cijene zlata na tržištvu do 2030. Opaska ovoj tezi je činjenica da veliki postotak vrijednosti zlata dolazi od toga što ga centralne banke čuvaju kao spremište vrijednosti. Da bi Bitcoin došao do te razine, određena količina suverenih država će trebati sudjelovati. Hoće li zapadnjačke demokracije sudjelovati u vlasništvu Bitcoina je nepoznato. Vjerojatnije je, nažalost, da će prve nacije u Bitcoin tržištu biti sitne diktature i kleptokracije.
Ako niti jedna država ne bude sudjelovala u Bitcoin tržištu, optimistična teza i dalje postoji. Kao nevisno spremište vrijednosti u rukama individualnih i institucionalnih ulagača, Bitcoin je i dalje vrlo rano u svojoj “krivulji prihvaćenosti” (adoption curve); tzv. “rana većina” ulaze na tržište sada, dok će ostali ući tek nekoliko godina kasnije. Sa širim sudjelovanjem individualnih i institucionalnih ulagača, cijena po bitcoinu između 100,000 i 200,000 dolara je sasvim moguća.
Posjedovanje bitcoina je jedna od malobrojnih asimetričnih novčanih strategija dostupnih svakome na svijetu. Poput “call” opcija, negativan rizik ulagača je ograničen na 1x, dok potencijalna dobit i dalje iznosi 100x ili više. Bitcoin je prvi istinski globalan balon čija je veličina ograničena samo potražnjom i željom građana svijeta da zaštite svoju ušteđevinu od raznovrsnih ekonomskih malverzacija vlade. Bitcoin je ustao kao feniks iz pepela globalne financijske krize 2008. godine - katastrofe kojoj su prethodile odluke centralnih banaka poput američke Federalne rezerve (Federal Reserve).
Onkraj samo financijske teze za Bitcoin, njegov rast i uspjeh kao neovisno spremište vrijednosti imat će duboke geopolitičke posljedice. Globalna, ne-inflacijska valuta će prisiliti suverene države da promjene svoje primarne mehanizme financiranja od inflacije u izravno oporezivanje; koje je daleko manje politički popularno. Države će se smanjivati proporcionalno političkoj boli koju im nanese oporezivanje kao jedini način financiranja. Nadalje, globalna trgovina vršiti će se na način koji zadovoljava aspiraciju Charlesa de Gaullea, da nijedna nacija ne bi smjela imati privilegiju nad ikojom drugom:
"Smatramo da je potrebno da se uspostavi međunarodna trgovina, kao što je bio slučaj prije velikih nesreća koje su zadesile svijet, na neosporivoj monetarnoj bazi, koja ne nosi na sebi oznaku ijedne države."
Za 50 godina, ta monetarna baza biti će Bitcoin.
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@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1
2025-05-14 06:48:45Has the architect Greg Chasen considered it when rebuilding the house just one year before the catastrophe? Apparently not! Another of his projects was featured on the Value of Architecture as properties with design integrity.
This is a super interesting subject. The historic character, livability, and modern disaster-resistance is a triangle where you often have to pick just one or two, which leads to some tough decisions that have major impacts on families and communities. Like one of the things he mentions is that the architect completely eliminated plants from the property. That's great for fire resistance, but not so great for other things if the entire town decides to go the same route (which he does bring up later in the video). I don't think there's any objectively right answer, but definitely lots of good (and important) discussion points to be had.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbl_1qfsFXk
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/979653
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@ 502ab02a:a2860397
2025-05-14 06:36:13ย้อนกลับไปในยุคโบราณ ไม่ว่าชนเผ่าชาวทุ่งหญ้าในยูเรเชีย ชาวอินเดียตอนเหนือ หรือเผ่าทะเลทรายแถบตะวันออกกลาง ล้วนมีวัฒนธรรมที่เกี่ยวข้องกับนมวัว นมจามรี นมแพะ และทุกชนิดก็ลงเอยที่การเอานมไปแปรรูปเป็น “เนย” ทั้งเนยแบบสด เนยหมัก
เนยที่เก่าแก่ที่สุดเท่าที่มีบันทึก คือ “Bog Butter” จากไอร์แลนด์ ไม่ใช่ blockbuster นะ ฮาๆๆๆ “Bog Butter” เป็นเนยที่ถูกฝังไว้ในบึงพรุ (bog) ของไอร์แลนด์และสก็อตแลนด์ มาหลายร้อยถึงหลายพันปี โดยไม่มีการเน่าเสีย! เพราะบึงพรุมีสภาพแวดล้อมที่เป็นกรด ไม่มีออกซิเจน และเย็น จึงเป็นสภาวะที่เหมาะกับการถนอมอาหารแบบธรรมชาติสุด ๆ
มีหลักฐานการค้นพบ Bog Butter อายุราว 3,000 ปี (ยุคเหล็กตอนต้น) ในหลายพื้นที่ของไอร์แลนด์ เช่น County Offaly, County Cavan และ County Fermanagh ลักษณะของ Bog Butter ที่ขุดพบ บางก้อนยังอยู่ในสภาพดี มีสีเหลืองทอง เนื้อเนียน และยังมีกลิ่นคล้ายชีสที่สุกมาก ๆ ภาชนะที่ใช้ใส่เนยมักเป็นถังไม้ กล่องไม้โอ๊ค หรือแม้แต่หนังสัตว์ผูกไว้แน่น ๆ
นักโบราณคดีเชื่อว่า Bog Butter คือเนยจากนมสัตว์ (นมวัวหรือนมแพะ) ที่อาจผ่านการหมักหรือเคี่ยวแล้วก่อนนำไปฝัง เพื่อถนอมไว้กินในฤดูหนาวหรือในปีที่น้ำนมขาดแคลน บางทฤษฎีก็เสนอว่ามีการฝังเนยเพื่อเหตุผลทางพิธีกรรม หรือใช้เป็น “ทรัพย์สิน” ที่ฝากไว้กับแผ่นดินเพื่อแสดงความมั่งคั่ง
ที่น่าทึ่งก็คือนี่เป็นการถนอมเนยที่ไม่ใช้ความร้อน ไม่ใช้เกลือ และไม่ใช้น้ำแข็ง แต่กลับอยู่ได้นานเป็นพันปี เพราะอาศัยสภาพแวดล้อมที่เข้าใจธรรมชาติสุด ๆ มีข้อมูลว่าเขามีการชิม Bog Butter ที่ขุดขึ้นมาด้วยนะ มีคำบรรยายไว้ว่า “มันมีกลิ่นชีสเข้มข้น กลิ่นดินและควันบาง ๆ เหมือนกินประวัติศาสตร์” 5555
เนยแท้ (butter) ก็คือน้ำนมที่ถูกแยกเอาไขมันออกมาด้วยการตี (churning) โดยอาศัยแรงมือหรือแรงกล เครื่องตีจะรวมเม็ดไขมันเล็ก ๆ จากครีมนมให้จับตัวกันกลายเป็นก้อนเนย แล้วแยกเอาน้ำบัตเตอร์มิลค์ออกไป คงเหลือไว้แค่ไขมันเนยที่หอม มัน และอุดมไปด้วยวิตามิน A, D, E, K ในรูปที่ดูดซึมง่าย เพราะละลายในไขมัน
องค์ประกอบหลักที่อยู่ในเนยจะมี 3 ส่วนใหญ่ๆเรียกแบบเหมารวมคือ
1 ไขมันนม/ไขมันเนย หรือ butter oil 2 เนื้อนม หรือ solid milk 3 ส่วนที่เป็นของเหลวต่างๆ หรือ moisture คือมันไม่เจาะจงว่าน้ำนึกออกไหมครับ นมมาจากธรรมชาติไม่ได้มาจากการผสมสัดส่วน ดังนั้นการจะมุ่งว่าเป็นน้ำเลยจึงไม่ใช่เสียทีเดียว ภาษาไทยเราจึงมักแปลไว้ว่าส่วนที่เป็นความชื้น *ตรงนี้มีหมายเหตุไว้นิดหน่อยครับว่า เจ้าไขมันเนยนี่ เราอาจะเจอภาษาอังกฤษหลายคำนะครับ เช่น butterfat, butter oil, fat milk ตรงนี้ให้เข้าไจไว้ว่ามันหมายถึงสิ่งเดียวกันนั่นหละครับ
สิ่งสำคัญในการทำเนยคือ ไขมันจากนมนั่นเอง นมส่วนที่ไขมันสูงนั้นเราเรียกว่า ครีม นึกภาพเป็นการ์ตูนง่ายๆได้ว่า เราช้อนเเอาเฉพาะส่วนที่เป็นครีมนั่นแหละ แล้วเอามาทำมาทำเป็นเนย ปล่อยทิ้งส่วนของนมที่ไม่มีไขมันเอาไว้ทำอย่างอื่น (มันคือนมพร่องมันเนย คุ้นมะ แต่จริงๆเค้าไม่ได้เอาส่วนนี้มาขายเป็นนมให้เราหรอกนะครับ โรงงานแต่ละโรงจะตั้งไลน์ผลิตเพื่อสินค้าที่ดีที่สุดของตัวเอิง จะไม่จับฉ่ายเอาเศษเดนมาทำของขายให้เรา)
การเตรียมครีมก่อนจะเข้าสู่การผลิตเนยก็จะมีหลากหลายรูปแบบยกตัวอย่างเช่น
-Sour cream butter หรือ Cultured butter เป็นเนยทำจากครีมที่ผ่านการพาสเจอไรส์(ฆ่าเชื้อ) แล้วหมักด้วยจุลินทรีย์แลคติกหรือไม่ก็แลคโตบาซิลัส ทำให้มีกลิ่นและรสที่ดี -Neutralized sour cream butter เป็นเนยที่ได้จากครีมที่หมักด้วยจุลินทรีย์แล้วเอาไปทำเป็นกลางด้วย โซเดียมไบคาบอเนต โซเดียมคาร์บอเนต แคลเซียมไฮดรอกไซด์ รวมกับ แมกนีเซียมออกไซด์ หรือ แมกนีเซียมไฮดรอกไซด์ -Sweet cream butter เป็นเนยที่ทำจากครีมที่ผ่านการพาสเจอไรส์(ฆ่าเชื้อ) แต่ไม่มีการหมักบ่ม คือนำไปปั่นทำเนยเลย เนยชนิดนี้จะมีกลิ่นคล้ายครีมถ้ายี่ห้อนั้นๆไม่ได้เติมกลิ่นลงไปเพิ่มนะครับ รสชาติจะออกไปทางหวานนิดๆ เพราะมีน้ำตาลธรรมชาติในนมอยู่เนื่องจากไม่ได้ผ่านการหมัก แต่ไม่ต้องกังวลเพราะไม่ถึงกับหวานเวอร์ มันจะแค่หวานกว่าเนยชนิด Cultured butter แค่นั้น -Semi-culture butter หรือ European-style butter หรือ Fresh cream butter เป็นเนยที่ได้จากครีมที่ไม่ได้ผ่านการหมัก คือทำแบบเดียวกับ Sweet cream butter แต่ขั้นตอนสุดท้ายมีการเติมกลิ่นรสและกรดแลคติก ที่ได้จากนมหมักจุลินทรีย์แล้วเอาไปผ่านกระบวนการ อัลตร้าฟิลเทรชัน (Ultrafiltration) เพื่อให้เข้มข้นขึ้น -Raw butter cream เป็นเนยที่ผลิตจากน้ำนมดิบ ไม่ผ่านการพาสเจอไรส์(ฆ่าเชื้อ) คือจัดไปดิบๆเลย นมดิบสดๆมาแยกครีมแล้วปั่นทำเนยเลยไม่มีการเติมอะไรทั้งสิ้น คุณภาพของเนยชนิดนี้จะแปรผันตามคุณภาพของน้ำนมดิบและความเชี่ยวชาญของผู้ที่ผลิตเนย อายุของเนยชนิดนี้จะสั้นแค่ประมาณ 7-10วันเท่านั้นเพราะทุกอย่างมันสดจริงๆ
เห็นไหมครับว่า เนยแต่ละยี่ห้อเขาก็จะมีกรรมวิธีผลิตเนยในรูปแบบที่ต่างกันไป เนยบ่มก็จะมีกลิ่นหอมรสที่หนักแน่นปริมาณไขมันเนยและความชื้นน้อยกว่าเนยแบบ sweet cream ส่วนเจ้าเนย sweet cream เองก็เน้นที่ความสดความเฟรช กลิ่นเบาๆครีมๆมีความหวานหลงเหลืออยู่และมีราคาถูกกว่า ส่วนตัว raw butter ก็จะออกไปทางงานคราฟท์ คลาสสิค
เนย Home made ทำยังไง เนยแบบที่เราทำกินเองได้ในบ้านก็เป็นแบบ sweet cream butter หรือ เนยที่ได้จากครีมสดไม่ผ่านการหมักอะไรเลย เว้นแต่เติมเกลือเพื่อให้เป็นเนยเค็ม (จริงๆเติมเกลือเพื่อช่วยยืดอายุเนยได้อีกระยะหนึ่งด้วยนะ เป็นแทคติก) ปกติวิธีการทำเนย เขาจะเอาครีมเข้าถังปั่น เพื่อให้ครีมเกิดการแยกก้อนเนยเป็น grain (เขาเรียกว่า butter granule/butter curds) กับ หางเนย (butter milk) ซึ่งเป็นของเหลวที่ประกอบไปด้วยเนื้อนมไม่รวมมันเนยแล้วก็น้ำ แล้วเขาก็จะเอาก้อนเนยนี่แหละไปล้างน้ำเย็นเอากลิ่นหืนๆและรสประหลาดๆออกไป กำจัดความชื้นแล้วจบกระบวนการตีๆตบๆขึ้นรูปเนยก้อนต่อไป
ตรงนี้ถ้าจะให้เห็นภาพขึ้น ใครทำขนมเองคงรู้ดี เวลาที่เราตีวิปครีมมากเกินไป มันจะจับก้อนและแยกชั้น เป็นก้อนๆกับเหลวๆ ก้อนๆก็คือเนื้อเนย ไอ้เหลวๆก็คือ butter milk
การทำ เนยสด homemade fresh butter กินเองที่บ้านเราก็ทำได้ด้วยการจำลองถังปั่นด้วยเครื่องตีขนม จะเป็นแบบตีมือหรือแบบเครื่องก็ได้ครับ หรืออยากจะแอดวานซ์เอาใส่ขวดน้ำแล้วเขย่าก็ได้เหมือนกันนะครับ เมื่อถึงระยะเวลานึงครีมก็จะแยกตัวเป็นเนย กับ butter milk
ลองดูที่ผมเคยทำไว้ในคลิปนี้ได้ครับ https://youtu.be/bzo7V9n2cxc?si=0ZvcAT1H-6h1ZmUh
ไขมันในเนยมีองค์ประกอบพิเศษที่ไม่ค่อยถูกพูดถึงเท่าไรนัก นั่นคือกรดไขมันสายสั้นอย่าง butyric acid ซึ่งมีชื่อมาจากคำว่า “butter” เลย เพราะมันมีบทบาทในลำไส้ โดยเฉพาะการเป็นอาหารของเซลล์เยื่อบุลำไส้ใหญ่ ช่วยลดอาการอักเสบในระบบทางเดินอาหาร
สัดส่วนไขมันในเนยส่วนใหญ่จะเป็น ไขมันอิ่มตัว (SFA) ราว 50-65%, ไขมันไม่อิ่มตัวเชิงเดี่ยว (MUFA) ประมาณ 25-30% และไขมันไม่อิ่มตัวเชิงซ้อน (PUFA) ราว 2-5% เท่านั้น แต่ในส่วนของ PUFA นั้นมีความพิเศษเล็กน้อย ที่จะคุยในน้ำมันตัวต่อไปครับ
ในโลกตะวันตกโดยเฉพาะฝรั่งเศส อิตาลี และยุโรปตอนเหนือ เนยคือพระเอกประจำห้องครัว ใช้ผัด ใช้อบ ใช้ทาขนมปัง เป็นของคู่กับวัฒนธรรมการกินแบบ traditional food ซึ่งแตกต่างจากยุคอุตสาหกรรมที่ผลักให้เนยแท้หลบมุม แล้วเอา margarine หรือ shortening ซึ่งเต็มไปด้วยไขมันแปรรูปมาแทน ด้วยการโฆษณาแบบ fiat food คล้ายกับเรื่องที่เฮียเคยพูดบ่อย ๆ นั่นแหละ
ในประเทศไทยเราเองก็มีเนยวัวใช้ในอาหารบางชนิด โดยเฉพาะขนมอบ ขนมฝรั่งโบราณ หรือขนมเนยสดสไตล์ยุโรปที่เข้ามาสมัยรัชกาลที่ 5 แต่โดยรวมคนไทยไม่คุ้นเคยกับเนยในครัวร้อนมากนัก เพราะวัฒนธรรมอาหารเรามักใช้ไขมันจากสัตว์ท้องถิ่นมากกว่า เช่น น้ำมันหมู ไขมันวัว หรือน้ำมันจากไก่และเป็ด
การใช้เนยจึงเป็นเหมือนการสื่อสารข้ามวัฒนธรรม เป็นของเรียบง่ายที่เล่าเรื่องความรู้ของมนุษย์กับธรรมชาติได้อย่างลึกซึ้ง ยิ่งเมื่อเรากลับมานึกถึงภูมิปัญญาเดิม ๆ ก็จะเห็นว่า เนยไม่ได้แค่ให้พลังงาน แต่มันคือไขมันที่พาคุณค่าสารอาหารซึมลึกเข้าไปถึงทุกเนื้อเยื่อ และพาเราเดินทางกลับไปสู่วิถีของอาหารจริง (real food) อย่างสง่างามเลยล่ะ
มาถึงตรงนี้สามารถสรุปง่ายๆจนเห็นภาพโครงสร้างหลักของเนยแล้วใช่ไหมครับว่า เนย = ไขมัน butter oil + เนื้อนม solid milk + ของเหลวอื่นๆ
หลังจากนี้เราจะมาคุยอีกผลผลิตนึง ที่ทำจากเนยครับ จำสมการข้างบนไว้ให้ดีครับ
สำหรับคนที่เพิ่งเริ่มเข้าวงการเนย ตัวนี้เป็น starter ที่ดีครับ วัวกินหญ้า https://s.shopee.co.th/30bQI86d1Q
#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr
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2025-05-07 21:57:34Originalni tekst na dvadesetjedan.com
Autor: Parker Lewis / Prevod na srpski: Plumsky
Ideja da država može nekako zabraniti bitcoin je jedna od poslednjih faza tuge, tačno pred prihvatanje realnosti. Posledica ove rečenice je priznanje da bitcoin “funkcioniše”. U stvari, ona predstavlja činjenicu da bitcoin funkcioniše toliko dobro da on preti postojećim državnim monopolima nad novcem i da će zbog toga države da ga unište kroz regulativne prepreke da bi eliminisale tu pretnju. Gledajte na tvrdnju da će države zabraniti bitcoin kao kondicionalnu logiku. Da li bitcoin funkcioniše kao novac? Ako je odgovor „ne“, onda države nemaju šta da zabrane. Ako je odgovor „da“, onda će države da probaju da ga zabrane. Znači, glavna poenta ovog razmišljanja je pretpostavka da bitcoin funkcioiniše kao novac. Onda je sledeće logično pitanje da li intervencija od strane države može uspešno da uništi upravo taj funkcionalan bitcoin.
Za početak, svako ko pokušava da razume kako, zašto, ili da li bitcoin funkcioniše mora da proceni ta pitanja potpuno nezavisno od prouzrekovanja državne regulacije ili intervencije. Iako je nesumnjivo da bitcoin mora da postoji uzgred državnih regulativa, zamislite na momenat da države ne postoje. Sam od sebe, da li bi bitcoin funkcionisao kao novac, kad bi se prepustio slobodnom tržištu? Ovo pitanje se širi u dodatna pitanja i ubrzo se pretvara u bunar bez dna. Šta je novac? Šta su svojstva koja čine jednu vrstu novca bolje od druge? Da li bitcoin poseduje ta svojstva? Da li je bitcoin bolja verzija novca po takvim osobinama? Ako je finalni zaključak da bitcoin ne funkcioniše kao novac, implikacije državne intervencije su nebitne. Ali, ako je bitcoin funkcionalan kao novac, ta pitanja onda postaju bitna u ovoj debati, i svako ko o tome razmišlja bi morao imati taj početnički kontekst da bi mogao proceniti da li je uopšte moguće zabraniti. Po svom dizajnu, bitcoin postoji van države. Ali bitcoin nije samo van kontrole države, on u stvari funkcioniše bez bilo kakve saradnje centralizovanih identiteta. On je globalan i decentralizovan. Svako može pristupiti bitcoinu bez potrebe saglasnosti bilo koga i što se više širi sve je teže cenzurisati celokupnu mrežu. Arhitektura bitcoina je namerno izmišljena da bude otporna na bilo koje pokušaje države da ga zabrane. Ovo ne znači da države širom sveta neće pokušavati da ga regulišu, oporezuju ili čak da potpuno zabrane njegovo korišćenje. Naravno da će biti puno bitki i otpora protiv usvajanja bitcoina među građanima. Federal Reserve i Američki Treasury (i njihovi globalni suparnici) se neće ležeći predati dok bitcoin sve više i više ugrožava njihove monopole prihvatljivog novca. Doduše, pre nego što se odbaci ideja da države mogu potpuno zabraniti bitcoin, mora se prvo razumeti posledice tog stava i njegovog glasnika.
Progresija poricanja i stepeni tuge
Pripovesti skeptičara se neprestano menjaju kroz vreme. Prvi stepen tuge: bitcoin nikad ne može funkcionisati-njegova vrednost je osnovana ni na čemu. On je moderna verzija tulip manije. Sa svakim ciklusom uzbuđenja, vrednost bitcoina skače i onda vrlo brzo se vraća na dole. Često nazvano kao kraj njegove vrednosti, bitcoin svaki put odbija da umre i njegova vrednost pronađe nivo koji je uvek viši od prethodnih ciklusa globalne usvajanja. Tulip pripovetka postaje stara i dosadna i skeptičari pređu na više nijansirane teme, i time menjaju bazu debate. Drugi stepen tuge predstoji: bitcoin je manjkav kao novac. On je previše volatilan da bi bio valuta, ili je suviše spor da bi se koristio kao sistem plaćanja, ili se ne može proširiti dovoljno da zadovolji sve promete plaćanja na svetu, ili troši isuviše struje. Taj niz kritike ide sve dalje i dalje. Ovaj drugi stepen je progresija poricanja i dosta je udaljen od ideje da je bitcoin ništa više od bukvalno bezvrednog ničega.
Uprkos tim pretpostavnim manjcima, vrednost bitcoin mreže nastavje da raste vremenom. Svaki put, ona ne umire, nasuprot, ona postaje sve veća i jača. Dok se skeptičari bave ukazivanjem na manjke, bitcoin ne prestaje. Rast u vrednosti je prouzrokovan jednostavnom dinamikom tržišta: postoji više kupca nego prodavca. To je sve i to je razlog rasta u adopciji. Sve više i više ljudi shvata zašto postoji fundamentalna potražnja za bitcoinom i zašto/kako on funkcioniše. To je razlog njegovog dugotrajnog rasta. Dokle god ga sve više ljudi koristi za čuvanje vrednosti, neće pasti cena snabdevanja. Zauvek će postojati samo 21 milion bitcoina. Nebitno je koliko ljudi zahtevaju bitcoin, njegova cela količina je uvek ista i neelastična. Dok skeptičari nastavljaju sa svojom starom pričom, mase ljudi nastavljaju da eliminišu zabludu i zahtevaju bitcoin zbog njegovih prednosti u smislu novčanih svojstva. Između ostalog, ne postoji grupa ljudi koja je više upoznata sa svim argumentima protiv bitcoina od samih bitcoinera.
Očajanje počinje da se stvara i onda se debata još jedanput pomera. Sada nije više činjenica je vrednost bitcoina osnovana ni na čemu niti da ima manjke kao valuta; sada se debata centrira na regulaciji državnih autoriteta. U ovom zadnjem stepenu tuge, bitcoin se predstavlja kao u stvari isuviše uspešnom alatkom i zbog toga države ne smeju dozvoliti da on postoji. Zaista? Znači da je genijalnost čoveka ponovo ostvarila funkcionalan novac u tehnološko superiornoj formi, čije su posledice zaista neshvatljive, i da će države upravo taj izum nekako zabraniti. Primetite da tom izjavom skeptičari praktično priznaju svoj poraz. Ovo su poslednji pokušaji u seriji promašenih argumenata. Skeptičari u isto vreme prihvataju da postoji fundamentalna potražnja za bitcoinom a onda se premeštaju na neosnovan stav da ga države mogu zabraniti.
Ajde da se poigramo i tim pitanjem. Kada bih zapravo razvijene države nastupile na scenu i pokušale da zabrane bitcoin? Trenutno, Federal Reserve i Treasury ne smatraju bitcoin kao ozbiljnu pretnju superiornosti dolara. Po njihovom celokupnom mišljenju, bitcoin je slatka mala igračka i ne može da funkcioniše kao novac. Sadašnja kompletna kupovna moć bitcoina je manja od $200 milijardi. Sa druge strane, zlato ima celokupnu vrednost od $8 triliona (40X veću od bitcoina) i količina odštampanog novca (M2) je otprilike 15 triliona (75X veličine bitcoinove vrednosti). Kada će Federal Reserve i Treasury da počne da smatra bitcoin kao ozbiljnu pretnju? Kad bitcoin poraste na $1, $2 ili $3 triliona? Možete i sami da izaberete nivo, ali implikacija je da će bitcoin biti mnogo vredniji, i posedovaće ga sve više ljudi širom sveta, pre nego što će ga državne vlasti shvatiti kao obiljnog protivnika.
Predsednik Tramp & Treasury Sekretar Mnučin o Bitcoinu (2019):
„Ja neću pričati o bitcoinu za 10 godina, u to možete biti sigurni {…} Ja bi se kladio da čak za 5 ili 6 godina neću više pričati o bitcoinu kao sekretar Trusury-a. Imaću preča posla {…} Mogu vam obećati da ja lično neću biti pun bitcoina.“ – Sekretar Treasury-a Stiv Mnučin
„Ja nisam ljubitelj bitcoina {…}, koji nije novac i čija vrednost je jako volatilna i osnovana na praznom vazduhu.“ – Predsednik Donald J. Tramp
Znači, logika skeptika ide ovako: bitcoin ne funkcioniše, ali ako funkcioniše, onda će ga država zabraniti. Ali, države slobodnog sveta neće pokušati da ga zabrane dokle god se on ne pokaže kao ozbiljna pretnja. U tom trenutku, bitcoin će biti vredniji i sigurno teži da se zabrani, pošto će ga više ljudi posedovati na mnogo širem geografskom prostoru. Ignorišite fundamentalne činjenice i asimetriju koja je urođena u globalnom dešavanju monetizacije zato što u slučaju da ste u pravu, države će taj proces zabraniti. Na kojoj strani tog argumenta bi radije stajao racionalan ekonomski učesnik? Posedovanje finansijske imovine kojoj vrednost toliko raste da preti globalnoj rezervnoj valuti, ili nasuprot – nemati tu imovinu? Sa pretpostavkom da individualci razumeju zašto je mogućnost (a sve više i verovatnoća) ove realnosti, koji stav je logičniji u ovom scenariju? Asimetrija dve strane ovog argumenta sama od sebe zahteva da je prvi stav onaj istinit i da fundamentalno razumevanje potražnje bitcoina samo još više ojačava to mišljenje.
Niko ne moze zabraniti bitcoin
Razmislite šta bitcoin u stvari predstavlja pa onda šta bi predstavljala njegova zabrana. Bitcoin je konverzija subjektivne vrednosti, stvorena i razmenjena u realnošću, u digitalne potpise. Jednostavno rečeno, to je konverzija ljudskog vremena u novac. Kad neko zahteva bitcoin, oni u isto vreme ne zahtevaju neki drugi posed, nek to bio dolar, kuća, auto ili hrana itd. Bitcoin predstavlja novčanu štednju koja sa sobom žrtvuje druge imovine i servise. Zabrana bitcoina bi bio napad na najosnovnije ljudske slobode koje je on upravo stvoren da brani. Zamislite reakciju svih onih koji su prihvatili bitcoin: „Bilo je zabavno, alatka za koju su svi eksperti tvrdili da neće nikad funkcionisati, sada toliko dobro radi i sad ti isti eksperti i autoriteti kažu da mi to nemožemo koristiti. Svi idite kući, predstava je gotova.“verovanje da će svi ljudi koji su učestvovali u bitcoin usvajanju, suverenitetu koji nudi i finansiskoj slobodi, odjednom samo da se predaju osnovnom rušenju njihovih prava je potpuno iracionalna pozicija.
Novac je jedan od najbitnijih instrumenata za slobodu koji je ikad izmišljen. Novac je to što u postojećem društvu ostvaruje mogućnosti siromašnom čoveku – čiji je domet veći nego onaj koji je bio dostižan bogatim ljudima pre ne toliko puno generacija.“ – F. A. Hajek
Države nisu uspele da zabrane konzumiranje alkohola, droga, kupovinu vatrenog oružja, pa ni posedovanje zlata. Država može samo pomalo da uspori pristup ili da deklariše posedovanje ilegalnim, ali ne može da uništi nešto što veliki broj raznovrsnih ljudi smatra vrednim. Kada je SAD zabranila privatno posedovanje zlata 1933., zlato nije palo u vrednosti ili nestalo sa finansijskog tržišta. Ono je u stvari poraslo u vrednosti u poređenju sa dolarom, i samo trideset godina kasnije, zabrana je bila ukinuta. Ne samo da bitcoin nudi veću vrednosno obećanje od bilo kog drugog dobra koje su države pokušale da zabrane (uključujući i zlato); nego po svojim osobinama, njega je mnogo teže zabraniti. Bitcoin je globalan i decentralizovan. On ne poštuje granice i osiguran je mnoštvom nodova i kriptografskim potpisima. Sam postupak zabrane bi zahtevao da se u isto vreme zaustavi „open source“ softver koji emituje i izvršava slanje i potvrđivanje digitalno enkriptovanih ključeva i potpisa. Ta zabrana bi morala biti koordinisana između velikog broja zemalja, sa tim da je nemoguće znati gde se ti nodovi i softver nalazi ili da se zaustavi instaliranje novih nodova u drugim pravnim nadležnostima. Da ne pominjemo i ustavske pitanja, bilo bi tehnički neizvodljivo da se takva zabrana primeni na bilo kakav značajan način.
Čak kada bih sve zemlje iz G-20 grupe koordinisale takvu zabranu u isto vreme, to ne bi uništilo bitcoin. U stvari, to bi bilo samoubistvo za fiat novčani sistem. To bi još više prikazalo masama da je bitcoin u stvari novac koji treba shvatiti ozbiljno, i to bi samo od sebe započelo globalnu igru vatanje mačke za rep. Bitcoin nema centralnu tačku za napad; bitcoin rudari, nodovi i digitalni potpisi su rasejani po celom svetu. Svaki aspekt bitcoina je decentralizovan, zato su glavni stubovi njegove arhitekture da učesnici uvek treba kontrolisati svoje potpise i upravljati svojim nodom. Što više digitalnih potpisa i nodova koji postoje, to je više bitcoin decentralizovan, i to je više odbranjiva njegova mreža od strane neprijatelja. Što je više zemalja gde rudari izvršavaju svoj posao, to je manji rizik da jedan nadležni identitet može uticati na njegov bezbednosni sistem. Koordinisan internacionalni napad na bitcoin bi samo koristio da bitcoin još više ojača svoj imuni sistem. Na kraju krajeva, to bi ubrzalo seobu iz tradicionalnog finansijskog sistema (i njegovih valuta) a i inovaciju koja postoji u bitcoin ekosistemu. Sa svakom bivšom pretnjom, bitcoin je maštovito pronalazio način da ih neutrališe pa i koordinisan napad od strane država ne bi bio ništa drugačiji.
Inovacija u ovoj oblasti koja se odlikuje svojom „permissionless“ (bez dozvole centralnih identiteta) osobinom, omogućava odbranu od svakojakih napada. Sve varijante napada koje su bile predvidjene je upravo to što zahteva konstantnu inovaciju bitcoina. To je ona Adam Smitova nevidljiva ruka, ali dopingovana. Pojedinačni učesnici mogu da veruju da su motivisani nekim većim uzrokom, ali u stvari, korisnost kaja je ugrađena u bitcoin stvara kod učesnika dovoljno snažan podsticaj da omogući svoje preživljavanje. Sopstveni interes milione, ako ne milijarde, nekoordinisanih ljudi koji se jedino slažu u svojom međusobnom potrebom za funkcionalnim novcem podstiče inovacije u bitcoinu. Danas, možda to izgleda kao neka kul nova tehnologija ili neki dobar investment u finansijskom portfoliju, ali čak i ako to mnogi ne razumeju, bitcoin je apsolutna nužnost u svetu. To je tako zato što je novac nužnost a historijski priznate valute se fundamentalno raspadaju. Pre dva meseca, tržište američkih državnih obveznica je doživeo kolaps na šta je Federal Reserve reagovao time što je povećao celokupnu količinu dolara u postojanju za $250 milijardi, a još više u bliskoj budućnosti. Tačno ovo je razlog zašto je bitcoin nužnost a ne samo luksuzni dodatak. Kada inovacija omogućava bazično funkcionisanje ekonomije ne postoji ni jedna država na svetu koja može da zaustavi njenu adopciju i rast. Novac je nužnost a bitcoin znatno poboljšava sistem novca koji je ikada postojao pre njega.
Sa više praktične strane, pokušaj zabranjivanja bitcoina ili njegove velike regulacije od nadležnosti bi direktno bilo u korist susedne nadležnih organa. Podsticaj da se odustane od koordinisanog napada na bitcoin bi bio isuviše veliki da bi takvi dogovori bili uspešni. Kada bi SAD deklarisovale posed bitcoina ilegalnim sutra, da li bi to zaustavilo njegov rast, razvoj i adopciji i da li bi to smanjilo vrednost celokupne mreže? Verovatno. Da li bi to uništilo bitcoin? Ne bi. Bitcoin predstavlja najpokretljivije kapitalno sredstvo na svetu. Zemlje i nadležne strukture koje kreiraju regulativnu strukturu koja najmanje ustručava korišćenje bitcoina će biti dobitnici velike količine uliva kapitala u svoje države.
Zabrana Bitcoinove Zatvoreničke Dileme
U praksi, zatvorenička dilema nije igra jedan na jedan. Ona je multidimenzijska i uključuje mnoštvo nadležnosti, čiji se interesi nadmeću međusobno, i to uskraćuje mogućnosti bilo kakve mogućnosti zabrane. Ljudski kapital, fizički kapital i novčani kapital će sav ići u pravcu država i nadležnosti koje najmanje ustručuju bitcoin. To se možda neće desiti sve odjednom, ali pokušaji zabrane su isto za badava koliko bi bilo odseći sebi nos u inat svom licu. To ne znači da države to neće pokušati. India je već probala da zabrani bitcoin. Kina je uvela puno restrikcija. Drugi će da prate njihove tragove. Ali svaki put kada država preduzme takve korake, to ima nepredvidljive efekte povećanja bitcoin adopcije. Pokušaji zabranjivanja bitcoina su jako efektivne marketing kampanje. Bitcoin postoji kao sistem nevezan za jednu suverenu državu i kao novac je otporan na cenzuru. On je dizajniran da postoji van državne kontrole. Pokušaji da se taj koncept zabrani samo još više daje njemu razlog i logiku za postojanje.
Jedini Pobednički Potez je da se Uključiš u Igru
Zabrana bitcoina je trošenje vremena. Neki će to pokušati; ali svi će biti neuspešni. Sami ti pokušaji će još više ubrzati njegovu adopciju i širenje. Biće to vetar od 100 km/h koji raspaljuje vatru. To će ojačati bitcoin sve više i doprineće njegovoj pouzdanosti. U svakom slučaju, verovanje da će države zabraniti bitcoin u momentu kada on postane dovoljno velika pretnja rezervnim valutam sveta, je iracionalan razlog da se on no poseduje kao instrument štednje novca. To ne samo da podrazumeva da je bitcoin novac, ali u isto vreme i ignoriše glavne razloge zašto je to tako: on je decentralizovan i otporan na cenzure. Zamislite da razumete jednu od nojvećih tajni današnjice i da u isto vreme tu tajnu asimetrije koju bitcoin nudi ne primenjujete u svoju korist zbog straha od države. Pre će biti, neko ko razume zašto bitcoin funkcioniše i da ga država ne može zaustaviti, ili nepuno znanje postoji u razumevanju kako bitcoin uopšte funckioniše. Počnite sa razmatranjem fundamentalnih pitanja, a onda primenite to kao temelj da bi procenili bilo koji potencijalan rizik od strane budućih regulacija ili restrikcija državnih organa. I nikad nemojte da zaboravite na vrednost asimetrije između dve strane ovde prezentiranih argumenata. Jedini pobednički potez je da se uključite u igru.
Stavovi ovde prezentirani su samo moji i ne predstavljaju Unchained Capital ili moje kolege. Zahvaljujem se Fil Gajgeru za razmatranje teksta i primedbe.
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@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1
2025-05-14 06:12:19We asked members of the design community to choose an artifact that embodies craft—something that speaks to their understanding of what it means to make with intention. Here’s what they shared.
A vintage puzzle box, a perfectly tuned guitar, an AI-powered poetry camera. A daiquiri mixed with precision. A spreadsheet that still haunts muscle memory. Each artifact tells a story: not just about the thing itself, but about the choices of the creator behind it. What to refine, what to leave raw. When to push forward, when to let go. Whether built to last for generations or designed to delight in a fleeting moment, the common thread is that great craft doesn’t happen by accident. It’s made.
On the application of craft
Even the most experienced makers can benefit from building structure and intention into their practice. From sharpening your storytelling to designing quality products, these pieces offer practical ways to uplevel your craft.
Read more at https://www.figma.com/blog/craft-artifacts/
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/979644
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@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1
2025-05-14 05:56:15Shanghai: Bus Stops Here
A new crowd-sourced transit platform allows riders to propose, vote on, and activate new bus lines in as little as three days.
From early-morning school drop-offs to seniors booking rides to the hospital, from suburban commuters seeking a faster link to the metro to families visiting ancestral graves, Shanghai is rolling out a new kind of public bus — one that’s designed by commuters, and launched only when enough riders request it.
Branded “DZ” for dingzhi, or “customized,” the system invites residents to submit proposed routes through a city-run platform. Others with similar travel needs can opt in or vote, and if demand meets the threshold — typically 15 to 20 passengers per trip — the route goes live.
More than 220 DZ routes have already launched across all 16 city districts. Through an online platform opened May 8, users enter start and end points, preferred times, and trip frequency. If approved, routes can begin running in as little as three days.
Continue reading at https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1017072
originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/979637
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@ 83279ad2:bd49240d
2025-05-14 03:58:40test nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpqe8ntfgamz8sh3p88w99x5k2r7mksjrvm2xghju9qj00j75jfqdqyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qyghwumn8ghj7u3wddhk56tjvyhxjmcpr3mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmqpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wvh8xmmrd9skcqg5waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t0qy28wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mqzrmhwden5te0dehhxarj9ekk7mgpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqqyqknwtnxd4422ya9nh0qrcwfy6q3hhruyqaukvh2fpcu94es3tvu20tf7nt nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpqe8ntfgamz8sh3p88w99x5k2r7mksjrvm2xghju9qj00j75jfqdqyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qyghwumn8ghj7u3wddhk56tjvyhxjmcpr3mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmqpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wvh8xmmrd9skcqg5waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t0qy28wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mqzrmhwden5te0dehhxarj9ekk7mgpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqqyqknwtnxd4422ya9nh0qrcwfy6q3hhruyqaukvh2fpcu94es3tvu20tf7nt
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@ d41bf82f:ed90d888
2025-05-14 03:06:03สิ่งสำคัญเหนือสิ่งใด—ความสำเร็จในสงครามขึ้นอยู่กับการมีทรัพย์มากพอที่จะจัดหาได้ทุกสิ่งที่ภารกิจต้องการได้หรือไม่ — โรเบิร์ต เดอ บัลซัค, ค.ศ. 1502
บทนี้เริ่มต้นด้วยการอธิบายว่าในโลกยุคแห่งความรุนแรง การคว้าชัยในสงครามไม่ได้ขึ้นกับอุดมการณ์เท่านั้น แต่อยู่ที่การระดมทรัพยากรได้มากพอ ซึ่งรัฐชาติสมัยใหม่คือโครงสร้างที่ประสบความสำเร็จมากที่สุดในประวัติศาสตร์ในการดึงทรัพยากรจากประชาชนมาสนับสนุนการใช้อำนาจรุนแรงอย่างเป็นระบบ
ผู้เขียนเปรียบเทียบสองเหตุการณ์สำคัญ คือการทำลายกำแพงเมืองซานจิโอวานนีในปี 1495 กับการทลายกำแพงเบอร์ลินในปี 1989 โดยเหตุการณ์แรกเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของยุคแห่งผลตอบแทนสูงจากความรุนแรง (Gunpowder Revolution) ส่วนเหตุการณ์หลังคือสัญลักษณ์ของการสิ้นสุดของยุคอุตสาหกรรมและเป็นการเริ่มต้นของยุคสารสนเทศที่ผลตอบแทนจากการใช้ความรุนแรงกำลังลดลงอย่างเห็นได้ชัด
ความแตกต่างสำคัญของสองกำแพงนี้คือ กำแพงซานจิโอวานนีถูกสร้างเพื่อป้องกันภัยจากภายนอก ขณะที่กำแพงเบอร์ลินถูกสร้างขึ้นเพื่อป้องกันไม่ให้ผู้คนภายในหลบหนีออกไป—สะท้อนถึงรัฐที่ควบคุมประชาชนอย่างเข้มงวดและมีอำนาจอย่างล้นเหลือ
ในบริบทของยุคสารสนเทศ เมื่อผลตอบแทนจากการใช้ความรุนแรงลดลง รัฐชาติก็เริ่มถูกมองว่าเป็นองค์กรที่กดขี่รีดไถมากกว่าจะเป็นผู้คุ้มครอง ผู้มีความรู้และผู้มั่งคั่งจะหาทางหลบหนีออกจากการควบคุมของรัฐ เช่นเดียวกับที่รัฐบาลพยายามสกัดกั้นการหลบหนีของทุน ด้วยนโยบายอย่าง ภาษีการสละสัญชาติ ของประธานาธิบดีคลินตันในปี 1995 ซึ่งเปรียบได้กับ “กำแพงเบอร์ลินสำหรับเงินทุน”
ผู้เขียนชี้ว่าการเก็บภาษีสูงในกลุ่มประเทศ OECD(The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) นั้นแม้จะเป็นข้ออ้างเพื่อค้ำจุนรัฐสวัสดิการ แต่ในความจริง คนรวยมักไม่ได้รับผลประโยชน์จากรัฐสวัสดิการในสัดส่วนที่สมเหตุสมผลกับภาษีที่จ่ายไป และในยุคสารสนเทศ การจัดเก็บภาษีผูกขาดจะยิ่งทำได้ยากขึ้นทุกที
ผู้เขียนวิเคราะห์อายุขัยของรัฐชาติ โดยระบุว่ายุคของรัฐชาติเป็นเพียงช่วงเวลาราว 200 ปี นับจากการปฏิวัติฝรั่งเศสในปี 1789 ถึงการล่มสลายของกำแพงเบอร์ลินในปี 1989 ก่อนหน้านั้น การปกครองแบบรัฐชาติไม่ใช่เรื่องปกติ ส่วนใหญ่เป็นระบบเผด็จการแบบตะวันออกที่พึ่งการควบคุมระบบชลประทาน แต่การปฏิวัติดินปืนทำให้รัฐสามารถควบคุมและขยายอำนาจออกไปนอกโครงสร้างชลประทานได้ รัฐขนาดใหญ่ที่มีทรัพยากรมากจะได้เปรียบในการทำสงครามมากกว่ารัฐที่มีประสิทธิภาพในการผลิตแต่มีขนาดเล็ก สงครามเย็นจึงไม่ใช่แค่การต่อสู้ระหว่างอุดมการณ์ แต่คือการเผชิญหน้าระหว่างสองระบบที่สามารถระดมทรัพยากรได้ดีที่สุดในยุคอุตสาหกรรม ได้แก่ คอมมิวนิสต์ที่ใช้การควบคุมจากศูนย์กลาง กับประชาธิปไตยแบบรัฐสวัสดิการที่ใช้ประชาธิปไตยและชาตินิยมเป็นเครื่องมือสร้างแรงจูงใจให้ประชาชนยินยอมให้รัฐใช้ทรัพยากรของตนเองในการทำสงคราม
บทนี้จึงชี้ให้เห็นว่า ทั้งคอมมิวนิสต์และประชาธิปไตยอาจมีอุดมการณ์ตรงข้ามกัน แต่กลับมีโครงสร้างการระดมทรัพยากรที่คล้ายกันในแง่การเป็น ยุทธศาสตร์ทางทรัพยากร ที่มีประสิทธิภาพสูงสุดในโลกแห่งความรุนแรง แต่ในยุคใหม่ที่ผลตอบแทนจากความรุนแรงลดลง ระบบเหล่านี้ก็อาจกำลังเข้าสู่ปลายทางของมัน
สามารถไปติดตามเนื้อหาแบบ short vdo ที่สรุปประเด็นสำคัญจากแต่ละบท พร้อมกราฟิกและคำอธิบายกระชับ เข้าใจง่าย ได้ที่ TikTok ช่อง https://www.tiktok.com/@moneyment1971
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@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b
2025-05-07 21:39:24Originalni tekst na dvadesetjedan.com.
Autor: Alex Gladstein / Prevod na hrvatski: TheVeka
Francuska još uvijek koristi monetarni kolonijalizam za iskorištavanje 15 afričkih nacija. Može li Bitcoin biti izlaz?
U jesen 1993. obitelj Fodéa Diopa štedjela je za njegovu budućnost. Briljantan 18-godišnjak koji živi u Senegalu, Fodé je imao pred sobom svijetlu budućnost kao košarkaš i inženjer. Njegov otac, školski učitelj, pomogao mu je pronaći inspiraciju u računalima i povezivanju sa svijetom oko sebe. A njegov atletski talent donio mu je ponude za studiranje u Europi i Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama.
Ali kada se probudio ujutro 12. siječnja 1994., sve se promijenilo. Preko noći je njegova obitelj izgubila pola svoje ušteđevine. Ne zbog krađe, pljačke banke ili bankrota neke tvrtke - već zbog devalvacije valute koju je nametnula strana sila sa sjedištem udaljenim 5000 kilometara od njih.
Prethodne večeri francuski dužnosnici sastali su se sa svojim afričkim kolegama u Dakaru kako bi razgovarali o sudbini "franca de la Communauté financière africaine" (ili franka Financijske zajednice Afrike), široko poznatog kao CFA franak ili skraćeno "seefa". Tijekom čitavog Fodéova života njegov CFA franak bio je vezan za francuski franak u omjeru od 1 naprama 50, ali kad je kasnonoćni sastanak završio, ponoćna objava postavila je novu vrijednost od 1 naprama 100.
Okrutna je ironija bila da je ekonomska sudbina milijuna Senegalaca bila potpuno izvan njihovih vlastitih ruku. Nikakvi prosvjedi nisu mogli svrgnuti njihove ekonomske gospodare. Desetljećima su novi predsjednici dolazili i odlazili, ali temeljni financijski aranžman nikada se nije mijenjao. Za razliku od tipične fiat valute, sustav je bio daleko podmukliji. Bio je to monetarni kolonijalizam.
Mehanika CFA sustava
U svojoj knjizi koja otvara oči, Posljednja afrička kolonijalna valuta: priča o CFA franku (Africa's Last Colonial Currency: The CFA Franc Story), znanstvenici iz područja ekonomije Fanny Pigeaud i Ndongo Samba Sylla govore o tragičnoj i, ponekad šokantnoj, povijesti CFA franka.
Francuska je, kao i druge europske sile, kolonizirala mnoge nacije diljem svijeta u doba svog imperijalnog vrhunca. Veoma često ta kolonizacija bila je brutalna. Nakon okupacije od strane nacističke Njemačke u Drugom svjetskom ratu, Francusko kolonijalno carstvo "Empire colonial français" počeo se raspadati. Francuzi su se borili da zadrže svoje kolonije, nanoseći pritom ogromne ljudske žrtve. Unatoč vođenju skupog niza globalnih ratova, izgubljena je Indokina, zatim Sirija i Libanon, te, na kraju, francuski teritorij u sjevernoj Africi, uključujući cijenjenu naseljeničku koloniju Alžir, bogatu naftom i plinom. No Francuska je bila odlučna ne izgubiti svoje teritorije u zapadnoj i središnjoj Africi. Oni su osiguravali vojnu snagu tijekom dva svjetska rata i nudili obilje prirodnih resursa - uključujući uran, kakao, drvo i boksit - koji su obogatili i održali metropolu (Francusku u njenim postojećim europskim granicama).
Kako se približavala 1960., dekolonizacija se činila neizbježnom. Europa je bila ujedinjena u povlačenju iz Afrike nakon desetljeća pustošenja i pljačke koju su sponzorirale države. Ali francuske su vlasti shvatile da mogu dobiti svoj kolač i pojesti ga, prepuštanjem političke kontrole uz zadržavanje monetarne kontrole.
Ovo naslijeđe i danas postoji u 15 zemalja koje govore francuski i koriste valutu koju kontrolira Pariz: Senegal, Mali, Obala Bjelokosti, Gvineja Bisau, Togo, Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger, Kamerun, Čad, Srednjoafrička Republika, Gabon, Ekvatorijalna Gvineja, Republika Kongo i Komori. U 2022. Francuzi još uvijek vrše monetarnu kontrolu nad više od 2,5 milijuna četvornih kilometara afričkog teritorija, površine 80% veličine Indije.
Francuska je službenu dekolonizaciju započela 1956. s Defferreovim okvirnim zakon "La Loi-cadre Defferre", dijelom zakona koji kolonijama daje više autonomije i stvara demokratske institucije i opće pravo glasa. Godine 1958. francuski ustav je izmijenjen kako bi se uspostavila La Communauté (Zajednica): skupina autonomnih, demokratski upravljanih prekomorskih teritorija. Predsjednik Charles de Gaulle obišao je kolonije diljem zapadne i središnje Afrike kako bi ponudio autonomiju bez neovisnosti kroz La Communauté ili neposrednu potpunu neovisnost. Jasno je dao do znanja da će s prvim biti povlastica i stabilnosti, a s drugim velikih rizika, pa čak i kaosa.
Godine 1960. Francuska je zapravo imala veću populaciju — oko 40 milijuna ljudi — od 30 milijuna stanovnika sadašnjih 15 CFA zemalja. Ali danas 67 milijuna ljudi živi u Francuskoj, a 183 milijuna u CFA zoni. Prema projekcijama UN-a, do 2100. godine Francuska će imati 74 milijuna, a CFA nacije više od 800 milijuna. S obzirom da Francuska još uvijek drži njihovu financijsku sudbinu u svojim rukama, situacija sve više nalikuje ekonomskom apartheidu.
Kada je CFA franak prvobitno uveden 1945., vrijedio je 1,7 francuskih franaka. Godine 1948. ojačan je na 2 francuska franka. Ali u vrijeme kad je CFA franak bio vezan za euro krajem 1990-ih, vrijedio je 0,01 francuski franak. To je ukupna devalvacija od 99,5%. Svaki put kad je Francuska devalvirala CFA franak, povećala je svoju kupovnu moć u odnosu na svoje bivše kolonije i poskupila im uvoz vitalne robe. Godine 1992. Francuzi su putem nacionalnog referenduma mogli glasovati o prihvaćanju eura ili ne. Državljanima CFA-e bilo je uskraćeno takvo pravo i bili su isključeni iz pregovora koji bi njihov novac vezali za novu valutu.
Točan mehanizam CFA sustava evoluirao je od njegovog nastanka, ali osnovna funkcionalnost i metode iskorištavanja su nepromijenjene. Oni su opisani onim što Pigeaud i Sylla nazivaju "teorijom ovisnosti", gdje se resursi perifernih nacija u razvoju "kontinuirano crpe u korist središnjih bogatih nacija... bogate nacije ne ulažu u siromašne nacije da bi ih učinile bogatijima... [ovo] izrabljivanje evoluiralo je tijekom vremena od brutalnih režima ropstva do sofisticiranijih i manje očitih načina održavanja političkog i ekonomskog ropstva.”
Tri središnje banke danas opslužuju 15 zemalja CFA: Središnja banka zapadnoafričkih država (Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest - BCEAO) za zapadnoafričke zemlje, Banka država Srednje Afrike (Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale - BEAC) za srednjoafričke zemlje i Središnja banka Komora (Banque Centrale des Comores BCC) za Komore. Središnje banke drže devizne rezerve (tj. nacionalnu štednju) za pojedinačne nacije u svojoj regiji, koje u svakom trenutku moraju držati nevjerojatnih 50% u francuskoj riznici. Ova brojka, koliko god visoka, rezultat je povijesnih pregovora. Izvorno su bivše kolonije morale držati 100% svojih rezervi u Francuskoj, a tek su 1970-ih stekle pravo kontrolirati neke i ustupiti "samo" 65% Parizu. CFA države nemaju nikakvu diskreciju u pogledu svojih rezervi pohranjenih u inozemstvu. Zapravo, oni ne znaju kako se taj novac troši. U međuvremenu, Pariz točno zna kako se troši novac svake CFA države, budući da vodi "operativne račune" za svaku zemlju u tri središnje banke.
Kao primjer kako ovo funkcionira, kada tvrtka za proizvodnju kave iz Bjelokosti proda robu u vrijednosti od milijun dolara kineskom kupcu, juani od kupca se mijenjaju u eure na francuskom tržištu valuta. Zatim francuska riznica preuzima eure i kreditira iznos u CFA francima na račun Obale Bjelokosti u BCEAO, koji zatim kreditira račun proizvođača kave u zemlji. Sve prolazi kroz Pariz. Prema Pigeaudu i Sylli, Francuska još uvijek proizvodi sve novčanice i kovanice koje se koriste u CFA regiji — naplaćujući 45 milijuna eura godišnje za uslugu — i još uvijek drži 90% zlatnih rezervi CFA, oko 36,5 tona.
Sustav CFA daje pet glavnih prednosti francuskoj vladi:
- rezerve bonusa koje može koristiti prema vlastitom nahođenju;
- velika tržišta za skup izvoz i jeftin uvoz;
- mogućnost kupnje strateških minerala u domaćoj valuti bez smanjenja rezervi;
- povoljne zajmove kada su CFA zemlje u kreditima i povoljne kamatne stope kada su u dugovima (dugo je vremena francuska stopa - inflacije čak premašivala kamatnu stopu zajma, što znači da je Francuska zapravo prisiljavala CFA nacije da plaćaju naknadu za -skladištenje svojih rezervi u inozemstvu); i, konačno,
- "dvostruki zajam", u kojem će CFA nacija posuditi novac od Francuske, i, u potrazi za raspoređivanjem kapitala, imati malo izbora s obzirom na perverzne makroekonomske okolnosti u kojima treba sklopiti ugovor s francuskim tvrtkama. To znači da se glavnica kredita odmah vraća u Francusku, ali je afrička nacija još uvijek opterećena i glavnicom i kamatama.
To dovodi do svojevrsnog fenomena "recikliranja petrodolara" (slično onome kako bi Saudijska Arabija uzimala dolare zarađene prodajom nafte i ulagala ih u američke trezorske zapise), jer bi CFA izvoznici povijesno prodavali sirovine Francuskoj, a dio prihoda bivao prikupljen od strane regionalne središnje banke i “reinvestiran” natrag u dug metropole kroz francuski ili danas europski državni dug. Pored toga, tu je još i selektivna konvertibilnost CFA franka. Poduzeća danas mogu lako prodati svoje CFA franke za eure (prethodno francuske franke), ali građani koji nose CFA franke izvan zone svoje središnje banke ne mogu ih formalno nigdje zamijeniti. Beskorisne su otprilike kao i razglednice. Ako državljanka Bjelokosti napušta svoju zemlju, mora prvo zamijeniti novčanice za eure, gdje francusko ministarstvo financija i Europska središnja banka (ECB) izdvajaju seigniorage (danak feudalnom gospodaru) putem tečaja.
Monetarna represija u igri je da Francuska prisiljava CFA nacije da drže golemu količinu rezervi u pariškim blagajnama, sprječavajući Afrikance u stvaranju domaćih kredita. Regionalne središnje banke na kraju posuđuju vrlo malo po vrlo visokim stopama, umjesto da posuđuju više po niskim stopama. A CFA nacije na kraju, protiv svojih želja, kupuju francuski ili, danas europski, dug svojim strateškim rezervama.
Ono što možda najviše iznenađuje jest posebna povlastica prava prvenstva pri uvozu i izvozu. Ako ste malijski proizvođač pamuka, svoju robu prvo morate ponuditi Francuskoj prije nego što odete na međunarodna tržišta. Ili ako ste u Beninu i želite izgraditi novi infrastrukturni projekt, morate razmotriti francuske ponude, prije ostalih. To je povijesno značilo da je Francuska mogla doći do robe jeftinije od tržišne iz svojih bivših kolonija i prodavati vlastitu robu i usluge po cijenama višim od tržišnih.
Pigeaud i Sylla ovo nazivaju nastavkom "kolonijalnog pakta", koji je bio usredotočen na četiri temeljna načela:
- kolonijama je bila zabranjena industrijalizacija i morale su se zadovoljiti opskrbom metropole sirovinama koje su ih pretvarale u gotove proizvode koji su se zatim preprodani kolonijama,
- metropola je uživala monopol kolonijalnog izvoza i uvoza,
- monopol prilikom slanja kolonijalnih proizvoda u inozemstvo i konačno,
- metropola je dala trgovačke povlastice proizvodima kolonija.
Rezultat toga je situacija u kojoj “središnje banke imaju velike devizne rezerve plaćene po niskim ili čak negativnim stopama u realnom iznosu, u kojoj komercijalne banke drže višak likvidnosti, gdje je pristup kreditima za kućanstva i poduzeća racionaliziran i u kojoj su države sve više prisiljene, kako bi financirali svoje razvojne projekte, ugovarati devizne kredite po neodrživim kamatama, što dodatno potiče bijeg kapitala.
Danas je CFA sustav "afrikaniziran", što znači da novčanice sada prikazuju afričku kulturu te floru i faunu na njima, a središnje banke nalaze se u Dakaru, Yaoundéu i Moroniju - ali to su samo kozmetičke promjene. Novčanice se još uvijek izrađuju u Parizu, operativne račune još uvijek vode francuske vlasti, a francuski dužnosnici još uvijek sjede u odborima regionalnih središnjih banaka i de facto imaju pravo veta. Nevjerojatna je situacija u kojoj građanin Gabona ima francuskog birokrata koji donosi odluke u njezino ime. Kao da ECB ili Federalne rezerve imaju Japance ili Ruse koji odlučuju umjesto Europljana i Amerikanaca.
Svjetska banka i Međunarodni monetarni fond kroz povijest su radili zajedno s Francuskom na provođenju CFA sustava i rijetko, ako ikad, kritiziraju njegovu izrabljivačku prirodu. Zapravo, kao dio sustava Bretton Woods nakon Drugog svjetskog rata - gdje bi Amerikanci vodili Svjetsku banku, a Europljani MMF - položaj generalnog direktora MMF-a često je držao francuski dužnosnik, do nedavno Christine Lagarde. Tijekom godina MMF je pomagao Francuskoj da vrši pritisak na CFA nacije da slijede željenu politiku. Istaknuti primjer bio je ranih 1990-ih, kada Obala Bjelokosti nije htjela devalvirati svoju valutu, ali Francuzi su se zalagali za takvu promjenu. Prema Pigeaudu i Sylli, “krajem 1991., MMF je odbio nastaviti posuđivati novac Obali Bjelokosti, ponudivši zemlji dvije mogućnosti. Ili će država vratiti dugove ugovorene s Fondom ili će prihvatiti devalvaciju.” Obala Bjelokosti i druge CFA nacije su poklekle i prihvatile devalvaciju tri godine kasnije.
U suprotnosti s vrijednostima sloboda, jednakost, bratstvo (liberté, égalité, fraternité), francuski su dužnosnici podupirali tiraniju u CFA zoni posljednjih šest desetljeća. Na primjer, tri čovjeka - Omar Bongo u Gabonu, Paul Biya u Kamerunu i Gnassingbé Eyadéma u Togu - zajedno su skupili 120 godina na vlasti. Sve bi ih njihovi ljudi izbacili daleko prije da Francuzi nisu osigurali gotovinu, oružje i diplomatsko pokriće. Prema Pigeaudu i Sylli, između 1960. i 1991. “Pariz je izveo gotovo 40 vojnih intervencija u 16 zemalja kako bi obranio svoje interese.” Taj je broj danas sigurno veći.
S vremenom je CFA sustav omogućio francuskoj državi da iskorištava resurse i rad CFA nacija, ne dopuštajući im da povećaju svoju akumulaciju kapitala i razviju vlastita izvozno vođena gospodarstva. Rezultati su bili katastrofalni za razvoj društva općenito.
Danas je BDP Obale Slonovače (korigiran za inflaciju) po glavi stanovnika (u dolarima) oko 1.700 USD, u usporedbi s 2.500 USD u kasnim 1970-ima. U Senegalu je tek 2017. BDP po stanovniku premašio visine dosegnute 1960-ih. Kao što primjećuju Pigeaud i Sylla, “10 država zone franka zabilježilo je svoje najviše razine prosječnog dohotka prije 2000-ih. U posljednjih 40 godina prosječna se kupovna moć gotovo posvuda pogoršala. U Gabonu je najveći prosječni prihod zabilježen 1976. godine, nešto ispod 20.000 dolara. Četrdeset godina kasnije smanjio se za pola. Gvineja Bisau pridružila se CFA sustavu 1997. godine, godine u kojoj je zabilježila vrhunac svog prosječnog prihoda. 19 godina kasnije, ovo je palo za 20%.”
Zapanjujućih 10 od 15 CFA zemalja Ujedinjeni narodi smatraju među "najmanje razvijenim zemljama" u svijetu, uz Haiti, Jemen i Afganistan. Na raznim međunarodnim ljestvicama Niger, Srednjoafrička Republika, Čad i Gvineja Bisau često se ubrajaju u najsiromašnije zemlje svijeta. Francuzi održavaju, zapravo, ekstremnu verziju onoga što je Allen Farrington nazvao "kapitalnim površinskim rudnikom".
Senegalski političar Amadou Lamine-Guèye jednom je sažeo CFA sustav kao građani koji imaju "samo dužnosti, a nikakva prava", te da je "zadatak koloniziranih teritorija bio proizvoditi puno, proizvoditi iznad vlastitih potreba i proizvoditi na štetu njihovih neposrednijih interesa, kako bi se metropoli omogućio bolji životni standard i sigurnija opskrba.” Metropola, naravno, odolijeva ovom opisu. Kao što je francuski ministar gospodarstva Michel Sapin rekao u travnju 2017., "Francuska je tu kao prijatelj."
Sada se možete zapitati: Opiru li se afričke zemlje ovom iskorištavanju? Odgovor je da, ali oni plaćaju visoku cijenu. Rani nacionalistički vođe iz doba afričke neovisnosti prepoznali su kritičnu vrijednost ekonomske slobode.
“Neovisnost je samo uvod u novu i uključeniju borbu za pravo na vođenje vlastitih gospodarskih i društvenih poslova [..] neometano uništavajućom i ponižavajućom neokolonijalističkom kontrolom i uplitanjem,” izjavio je 1963. Kwame Nkrumah, koji je vodio pokret koji je Ganu učinio prvom neovisnom nacijom u podsaharskoj Africi. Ali kroz povijest CFA regije, nacionalni čelnici koji su se suprotstavili francuskim vlastima uglavnom su loše prolazili.
Godine 1958. Gvineja je pokušala zatražiti monetarnu neovisnost. U poznatom govoru, vatreni nacionalist Sekou Touré rekao je gostujućem Charlesu de Gaulleu: "Radije bismo imali siromaštvo u slobodi nego bogatstvo u ropstvu," i nedugo zatim napustio sustav CFA. Prema The Washington Postu, “kao reakcija, i kao upozorenje drugim područjima s francuskim govornim područjem, Francuzi su se povukli iz Gvineje tijekom dva mjeseca, odnoseći sa sobom sve što su mogli. Odvrnuli su žarulje, uklonili planove za kanalizacijske cjevovode u Conakryju, glavnom gradu, pa čak i spalili lijekove umjesto da ih ostave Gvinejcima.”
Zatim, kao čin destabilizirajuće odmazde, Francuzi su pokrenuli operaciju Persil, tijekom koje su, prema Pigeaudu i Sylli, francuske obavještajne službe krivotvorile goleme količine novih gvinejskih novčanica i zatim ih "masovno" ubacile u zemlju. "Rezultat", pišu oni, "bio je kolaps gvinejskog gospodarstva." Demokratske nade zemlje srušene su zajedno s njezinim financijama, jer je Touré uspio učvrstiti svoju moć u kaosu i započeti 26 godina brutalne vladavine.
U lipnju 1962. malijski vođa za neovisnost Modibo Keita objavio je da Mali napušta CFA zonu kako bi kovao vlastitu valutu. Keita je detaljno objasnio razloge za taj potez, kao što su ekonomska prevelika ovisnost (80% malijskog uvoza dolazi iz Francuske), koncentracija ovlasti za donošenje odluka u Parizu i usporavanje ekonomske diversifikacije i rasta.
“Istina je da je vjetar dekolonizacije prošao preko starog zdanja, ali nije ga previše poljuljao”, rekao je o statusu quo. Kao odgovor, francuska vlada učinila je malijski franak nekonvertibilnim. Uslijedila je duboka gospodarska kriza, a Keita je svrgnut vojnim udarom 1968. Mali je na kraju odlučio ponovno ući u CFA zonu, ali su Francuzi nametnuli dvije devalvacije malijskog franka kao uvjete za povratak i nisu dopustili ponovni ulazak do 1984. godine.
Godine 1969., kada je predsjednik Nigera Hamani Diori tražio "fleksibilniji" aranžman, gdje bi njegova zemlja imala veću monetarnu neovisnost, Francuzi su to odbili. Prijetili su mu uskraćivanjem plaćanja za uran koji su skupljali iz pustinjskih rudnika koji će Francuskoj dati energetsku neovisnost putem nuklearne energije. Šest godina kasnije, Diorijevu vladu svrgnuo je general Seyni Kountché, tri dana prije planiranog sastanka za ponovno pregovaranje o cijeni nigerskog urana. Diori je želio povisiti cijenu, ali se njegov bivši kolonijalni gospodar nije složio s tim. Francuska vojska bila je stacionirana u blizini tijekom puča, ali, kako Pigeaud i Sylla primjećuju, nisu ni prstom maknuli.
Godine 1985., revolucionarni vojni vođa Thomas Sankara iz Burkine Faso upitan je u intervjuu: “Nije li CFA franak oružje za dominaciju Afrikom? Planira li Burkina Faso nastaviti nositi ovaj teret? Zašto afričkom seljaku u njegovom selu treba konvertibilna valuta?” Sankara je odgovorio: “Je li valuta konvertibilna ili ne to nikada nije bila briga afričkog seljaka. On je protiv svoje volje bačen u ekonomski sustav protiv kojeg je bespomoćan.”
Sankaru je dvije godine kasnije ubio njegov najbolji prijatelj i drugi zapovjednik, Blaise Compaoré. Nikada nije održano suđenje. Umjesto toga, Compaoré je preuzeo vlast i vladao do 2014., lojalan i brutalan sluga CFA sustava.
Borba Faride Nabourema za financijsku slobodu Toga
U prosincu 1962. prvi postkolonijalni vođa Toga Sylvanus Olympio formalno je krenuo u osnivanje središnje banke Togoa i togoanskog franka. Ali ujutro 13. siječnja 1963., nekoliko dana prije nego što je trebao zacementirati ovu tranziciju, ubili su ga togoanski vojnici koji su prošli obuku u Francuskoj. Gnassingbé Eyadéma bio je jedan od vojnika koji su počinili zločin. Kasnije je preuzeo vlast i postao diktator Toga uz punu francusku podršku, vladajući više od pet desetljeća i promičući CFA franak do svoje smrti 2005. Njegov sin vlada do danas. Olympiovo ubojstvo nikada nije riješeno.
Obitelj Faride Nabourema uvijek je bila uključena u borbu za ljudska prava u Togu. Njezin otac bio je aktivni vođa opozicije, a služio je kao politički zatvorenik. Njegov se otac suprotstavljao Francuzima tijekom kolonijalnih vremena. Danas je ona vodeća figura demokratskog pokreta u zemlji.
Farida je imala 15 godina kada je saznala da je povijest diktature Toga bila isprepletena s CFA frankom. Do tog vremena, ranih 2000-ih, počela se zbližavati sa svojim ocem i postavljati mu pitanja o povijesti svoje zemlje. “Zašto je naš prvi predsjednik ubijen samo nekoliko godina nakon što smo stekli neovisnost?” upitala je.
Odgovor: opirao se CFA franku.
Godine 1962. Olympia je započela pokret prema financijskoj neovisnosti od Francuske. Parlament je glasovao za početak takve tranzicije i stvaranje togoanskog franka i držanje njihovih rezervi u vlastitoj središnjoj banci. Farida je bila šokirana kada je saznala da je Olympio ubijen samo dva dana prije nego što je Togo trebao napustiti CFA aranžman. Kako je rekla: “Njegova odluka da traži monetarnu slobodu viđena je kao uvreda hegemoniji u frankofonskoj Africi. Bojali su se da će ih drugi slijediti.”
Danas je, kaže ona, za mnoge togoanske aktiviste CFA glavni razlog za traženje veće slobode. “To je ono što animira mnoge u oporbenom pokretu.”
Razlozi zašto su jasni. Farida je rekla da Francuska drži više od polovice rezervi Toga u svojim bankama, gdje Togoanci nemaju nikakav nadzor nad time kako se te rezerve troše. Često se te rezerve, koje su zaradili Togoanci, koriste za kupnju francuskog duga za financiranje aktivnosti francuskog naroda. Zapravo, taj se novac često posuđuje bivšem kolonijalnom gospodaru uz negativan stvarni prinos. Togoanci plaćaju Parizu da im čuva novac, a pritom financiraju životni standard Francuza.
Godine 1994. devalvacija koja je ukrala ušteđevinu obitelji Fode Diopa u Senegalu teško je pogodila i Togo, uzrokujući ogroman porast državnog duga, smanjenje javnog financiranja lokalne infrastrukture i povećanje siromaštva.
“Zapamtite,” rekla je Farida, “naša vlada je prisiljena dati prednost držanju naših rezervi u francuskoj banci umjesto trošenju kod kuće, tako da kada nas udari šok, moramo se degradirati, kako bismo osigurali da odgovarajuća količina gotovine bude u rukama Parižana .”
To stvara nacionalnu klimu ovisnosti, u kojoj su Togoanci prisiljeni isporučivati sirovu robu i unositi gotovu robu. To je zatvoreni krug iz kojeg nema izlaza.
Farida je rekla da je prije otprilike 10 godina pokret protiv CFA-a počeo dobivati na snazi. Zbog mobilnih telefona i društvenih medija ljudi su se mogli ujediniti i organizirati na decentraliziran način. Nekada su se samo građani Bjelokosti i Togoa borili odvojeno, rekla je, ali sada postoji regionalni napor između aktivista.
Desetljećima postoji ideja o "eko" valuti za sve zemlje Ekonomske zajednice zapadnoafričkih država (ECOWAS), uključujući regionalne gospodarske sile Nigeriju i Ganu. Farida je rekla da su Francuzi pokušali preoteti ovaj plan, videći ga kao način za proširenje vlastitog financijskog carstva. Godine 2013. tadašnji predsjednik François Hollande formirao je komisiju koja je izradila dokument za francusku budućnost u Africi. U njemu su izjavili da je imperativ uključiti anglofone zemlje (afričke zemlje u kojima se priča engleskim jezikom) poput Gane.
Administracija Emmanuela Macrona sada pokušava preimenovati CFA franak u Eco, u kontinuiranom procesu "afrikanizacije" francuskog kolonijalnog financijskog sustava. Nigerija i Gana odustale su od Eko projekta, nakon što su shvatile da će Francuzi i dalje imati kontrolu. Ništa se još formalno nije dogodilo, ali zemlje kojima trenutačno upravlja središnja banka BCEAO na putu su da pređu na ovu eko valutu do 2027. Francuzi će i dalje imati sposobnost donošenja odluka i ne postoje službeni planovi za prilagodbu središnjeg bankarstva srednjoafričkih CFA nacija ili Komora.
"Vrhunac je licemjerja za francuske vođe poput Macrona da odu u Davos i kažu da su gotovi s kolonijalizmom", rekla je Farida, "dok ga zapravo pokušavaju proširiti."
Rekla je da je izvorno CFA franak stvoren na temelju valutnog plana koji su koristili nacistički okupatori Francuske. Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata, Njemačka je stvorila nacionalnu valutu za francuske kolonije kako bi mogla lako kontrolirati uvoz i izvoz koristeći samo jednu financijsku polugu. Kada je rat završio i Francuzi ponovno stekli slobodu, odlučili su koristiti isti model za svoje kolonije. Dakle, rekla je Farida, temelj CFA franka je zapravo nacistički.
Sustav ima mračnu genijalnost u tome što su Francuzi s vremenom uspjeli tiskati novac za kupnju vitalnih dobara iz svojih bivših kolonija, ali te afričke zemlje moraju raditi kako bi zaradile rezerve.
"To nije fer, to nije neovisnost", rekla je Farida. “To je čista eksploatacija.”
Francuska tvrdi da je sustav dobar jer osigurava stabilnost, nisku inflaciju i konvertibilnost Togoancima. Ali konvertibilnost na kraju olakšava bijeg kapitala - kada je tvrtkama lako pobjeći od CFA-a i danas parkirati svoje profite u eurima - dok zarobljavaju Togoance u režimu seigniorage. Kad god se CFA pretvori - a mora biti pretvoren, jer se ne može koristiti izvan ekonomske zone u kojoj građani međusobno razmijenjuju dobra i usluge - Francuzi i ECB uzimaju svoj dio.
Da, rekla je Farida, inflacija je niska u Togu u usporedbi s neovisnim državama, ali velik dio njihove zarade ide za borbu protiv inflacije umjesto za podršku razvoju infrastrukture i industrije kod kuće. Istaknula je rast Gane, koja ima neovisnu monetarnu politiku i višu inflaciju tijekom vremena od CFA zemalja, u usporedbi s Togom. Po svim pokazateljima - zdravstvu, rastu srednje klase, nezaposlenosti - Gana je superiornija. Zapravo, kad pogledamo iz većega, rekla je da niti jedna CFA nacija nije među 10 najbogatijih zemalja u Africi. Ali od 10 najsiromašnijih, polovica je u CFA zoni.
Farida kaže da francuski kolonijalizam nadilazi novac. Također utječe na obrazovanje i kulturu. Na primjer, rekla je, Svjetska banka daje 130 milijuna dolara godišnje za potporu frankofonim zemljama (zemlje u kojima se priča francuskim jezikom) za plaćanje udžbenika u javnim školama. Farida kaže da je 90% tih knjiga tiskano u Francuskoj. Novac ide izravno iz Svjetske banke u Pariz, a ne u Togo ili bilo koju drugu afričku naciju. Knjige su alat za ispiranje mozga, rekla je Farida. Usredotočeni su na slavu francuske kulture i potkopavaju postignuća drugih naroda, bilo da su američki, azijski ili afrički.
U srednjoj školi Farida je pitala svog oca: "Koriste li ljudi u Europi neki drugi jezik osim francuskog?" On se smijao. Učili su samo o francuskoj povijesti, francuskim izumiteljima i francuskim filozofima. Odrasla je misleći da su jedini pametni ljudi Francuzi. Nikada nije pročitala nijednu američku ili britansku knjigu prije nego što je prvi put otputovala u inozemstvo.
Općenito, rekla je Farida, Francuska Afrika konzumira 80% knjiga koje Francuzi tiskaju. Predsjednik Macron želi proširiti ovu dominaciju i obećao je potrošiti stotine milijuna eura za jačanje francuskog jezika u Africi, izjavljujući da bi on mogao biti "prvi jezik" kontinenta i nazivajući ga "jezikom slobode". S obzirom na trenutne trendove, do 2050. 85% svih govornika francuskog moglo bi živjeti u Africi. Jezik je jedan od stupova podrške opstanku CFA franka.
Politika je nešto drugo. Važan dio CFA sustava je francuska podrška diktaturi. S iznimkom Senegala, niti jedna zemlja bloka CFA nije imala smislenu demokratizaciju. Svaki pojedini uspješni tiranin u frankofonskoj Africi, rekla je Farida, imao je punu podršku francuske države. Kad god dođe do državnog udara protiv demokracije, Francuzi podržavaju pučiste sve dok su oni prijatelji CFA režima. Ali u trenutku kad netko ima antifrancuske tendencije, vidite sankcije, prijetnje ili čak atentate.
Farida ističe primjer Chad i Malija danas. Obje zemlje su pod prijetnjom terorizma i pobune. U Cahdu je pokojnog vojnog diktatora Idrissa Debyja Francuska podržavala tri desetljeća do njegove smrti u travnju. Prema chadskom ustavu, čelnik parlamenta obično je sljedeći na redu za predsjednika, no umjesto toga vojska je postavila Debyjeva sina, generala u vojsci. Francuska vlada pozdravila je ovu ilegalnu tranziciju, a predsjednik Macron je čak posjetio Chad kako bi proslavio ovu prijevaru. U govoru odavanja počasti nazvao je Debyja "prijateljem" i "hrabrim vojnikom" i rekao "Francuska neće dopustiti da itko dovede u pitanje ili prijeti stabilnosti i integritetu Chada danas ili sutra". Sin će, naravno, promovirati CFA franak.
Mali je, s druge strane, rekla je Farida, imao državni udar mjesec dana nakon Chadovog. Hunta i stanovništvo nisu toliko prijateljski raspoloženi prema Parizu i čini se da u Rusiji traže novog partnera za suzbijanje terorizma. Tako je francuska vlada državni udar nazvala "neprihvatljivim", prijeti da će povući trupe iz Malija kako bi ih "ostavila nasamo s teroristima", kako je rekao Farida, i priprema sankcije. Mali je kažnjen od strane Francuske jer je učinio isto što i Chad. Ima despotizma i korupcije s obje strane. Jedina razlika je u tome što se Mali želio odmaknuti od francuske monetarne kontrole, dok Chad i dalje surađuje.
“Kada ste diktator, dokle god radite za Francusku, oni će i dalje nalaziti izgovore da vam pomognu da ostanete na vlasti”, rekla je Farida. Isto su učinili 2005. u njezinoj zemlji Togo, što je dovelo do toga da je sin preuzeo vlast od svog oca diktatora i do njezinog vlastitog političkog buđenja.
Misija Fode Diopa da donese bitcoin u Senegal
Tek kada je Fodé Diop imao priliku otputovati u SAD, mogao je početi gledati svoju zemlju Senegal izvana.
Isprva je devalvacija CFA franka 1994. dovela njegovu akademsku budućnost u opasnost. Imao je priliku otići studirati i igrati košarku na sveučilištu u Kansasu, ali je njegova obiteljska ušteđevina bila uništena. Sretniji od većine oko njega, njegova je obitelj imala još jednu mogućnost: njegov je otac imao prava na knjige za nastavne materijale koje je on izradio, a on ih je mogao upotrijebiti da posudi ono što je bilo potrebno da Fodé ode u školu.
Jednog dana, nekoliko godina nakon što je završio fakultet, dok je živio u SAD-u i radio na novoj web stranici za video on demand sa svojim bratom, Fodé je slučajno naišao na YouTube video dr. Cheikha Anta Diopa, senegalskog znanstvenika i povjesničara, govoreći o tome kako su novac i jezik bili alati za kontrolu ljudskih umova i sredstava za život.
Fodé je već čuo za dr. Diopa - najveće sveučilište u Senegalu nazvano je po njemu - ali nije slušao njegovu kritiku CFA sustava. To je teško pogodilo Fodéa. Kaže da je to bilo poput trenutka u "Matrixu", jednom od njegovih omiljenih filmova, kada Neo uzima crvenu pilulu od Morpheusa i bježi iz svoje kapsule u uznemirujuće brutalni stvarni svijet. Napokon je ugledao vodu u kojoj je plivao dok je odrastao.
"Ovo je bio prvi put u životu da sam počeo razmišljati svojom glavom", rekao je Fodé. “Prvi put sam shvatio da je valuta moje zemlje mehanizam kontrole.”
Rekao je da je to više od puke kontrole nad valutom. Budući da Francuzi tiskaju i kontroliraju novac preko operativnih računa svake zemlje, oni imaju podatke.
“Oni znaju što kamo ide, imaju informacije o svim zemljama. Oni imaju prednost nad tim zemljama. Oni znaju tko je korumpiran. Oni znaju tko kupuje nekretnine u Francuskoj. Oni znaju što je dostupno. Oni imaju prvo pravo odbijanja povlaštenih uvoznih i izvoznih cijena. Imaju potpunu dominaciju,” rekao je Fodé.
Kasnije će razmišljati o devalvaciji iz 1994. godine. Tada je imao samo 18 godina pa nije shvaćao što se dogodilo, osim činjenice da su obiteljske financije postale znatno teže.
“Stavljaju vam vreću na glavu kako ne biste primijetili svoju stvarnost”, rekao je.
U retrospektivi, o tome se vodila velika javna rasprava. Ljudi su shvatili da kada bi išli pretvarati u francuski franak, dobili bi upola manje za svoj novac, iako su radili istu količinu posla. Francuski razlog, rekao je Fodé, bio je učiniti izvoz jeftinijim kako bi afričke zemlje mogle proizvoditi konkurentnije. Ali Fodé to vidi drugačije: to je Francuskoj omogućilo da udari bičem i kupi jeftiniju robu.
Fodé je imao još dva trenutka "crvene pilule". Sljedeći je došao 2007., kada je radio u Las Vegasu na tehnološkoj sceni. Gledao je video Stevea Jobsa, koji je upravo predstavio prvi iPhone. Fodé je bio zapanjen: mobilni telefon koji je imao izvorni preglednik sa zaslonom osjetljivim na dodir. Ista stvar koja je bila na vašem računalu sada je bila i na vašem telefonu. Odmah je znao da će to promijeniti svijet. Njegova sljedeća misao: Kako da izvorna plaćanja unesemo u iPhone aplikacije, tako da ljudi bez bankovnih računa i kreditnih kartica mogu koristiti mobilni novac?
Posljednja crvena pilula za Fodéa bilo je učenje o Bitcoinu 2010. godine. Živio je u Los Angelesu kada je prvi put pročitao bitcoin white paper (bijeli knjiga) Satoshija Nakamota za "peer-to-peer elektronički novčani sustav". Od trenutka kada ga je pročitao, Fodé je pomislio: Po prvi put imamo oružje kojim se možemo boriti protiv ugnjetavanja i kolonijalizma. Novac naroda, koji ne kontroliraju vlade. "Ovo je", rekao je, "upravo ono što nam treba."
Godinama ranije, Fodé je pročitao "Izvan kontrole" Kevina Kellyja. Jedno od poglavlja bilo je o e-valutama. Znao je da će na kraju sav novac biti digitalan, dio velike globalne elektroničke revolucije. Ali nikada nije preduboko razmišljao o transformativnoj snazi koju digitalni novac može imati, sve do Bitcoina.
“Što je novac? Odakle dolazi? Postavljajući ova pitanja, to je ono što je Bitcoin učinio za mene,” rekao je. "Prije toga, ne postavljate sami sebi ova pitanja."
Možda, mislio je, jednog dana Francuska više neće imati pravo ili mogućnost tiskati i kontrolirati novac senegalskog naroda.
Fodé i njegov cimer u Las Vegasu ostajali bi do kasno mnogo puta tijekom narednih godina, razmišljajući o tome što bi Bitcoin mogao omogućiti za plaćanja, štednju i sve gospodarske aktivnosti. Saznao je što se dogodilo kad ste ukrali svoju kreditnu karticu, kakve je informacije to otkrilo. I što su treće strane radile s tim informacijama.
Mislio je da bi brak pametnog telefona i Bitcoina bio nevjerojatan alat za osnaživanje. Fodé bi se često vraćao u Senegal, a svaki put kad bi išao, sa sobom bi ponio hrpu telefona koje bi poklonio. Promatrao ih je kao veze s vanjskim svijetom za svoje prijatelje kod kuće.
Tijekom sljedećih godina radio je u različitim startupovima, a sve u industriji digitalizacije različitih dijelova naših života. Godine 2017. napustio je Vegas i otišao u San Francisco. Pridružio se kampu za kodiranje i odlučio postati računalni inženjer. U početku se jako uključio u scenu kriptovaluta u cjelini, no na kraju se, kaže, "odljubio" od Ethereuma, otprilike u vrijeme kad je počeo ići na sokratske seminare u San Franciscu s osnivačem Rivera Alexom Leishmanom. Upoznao je mnoge programere koji su radili na razvoju bitcoina i najranije korisnike Lightning mreže.
Godine 2019. pobijedio je na hackathonu u sektoru transporta, izradivši Lightning fakturu koja bi otključala Teslu. To mu je dalo veliki poticaj samopouzdanju da može pomoći promijeniti svijet. Odlučio je otići kući u Senegal kako bi širio znanje o Bitcoin. Na putu mu je izvršna direktorica Lightning Labsa Elizabeth Stark dala stipendiju za putovanje na Lightning konferenciju u Berlinu. Tamo je upoznao Richarda Myersa iz GoTenne i programera Willa Clarka, koji su razmišljali o tome kako se mesh mrežama boriti protiv internetske cenzure. Fodé je pomislio: U Senegalu francuski telekom Orange kontrolira sve telefonske mreže. Možda bi mogli pronaći način da zaobiđu francusku kontrolu nad komunikacijama i mogućnost "isključivanja interneta" putem Bitcoina i Lightninga.
Sve telekomunikacijske kanale u Senegalu kontrolira Francuska i mogu ih zatvoriti u slučaju prosvjeda protiv čelnika zemlje, kojeg podržavaju sve dok se drži CFA sustava. Ali, moguće je pronaći krajnje točke, rekao je Fodé, preko drugih pružatelja usluga. To mogu biti druge nacionalne telefonske mreže ili čak satelitske veze. Fodé je stvorio uređaj koji može hvatati ove druge signale. Mobilni telefoni mogli bi se spojiti s tim uređajem, omogućujući korisnicima da budu online čak i kada su Francuzi isključili internet. Kako bi potaknuo ljude koji upravljaju takvim uređajima, plaćao bi im u bitcoinu. Za usmjeravanje podataka i održavanje ovih uređaja u Senegalu plaća se putem Lightninga. To je ono na čemu Fodé danas radi.
"Vrlo je riskantno", rekao je Fodé. “Možete se suočiti sa zatvorom ili novčanom kaznom. Ali uz novčane poticaje, ljudi su voljni.”
Sljedeći put kada Orange isključi internet kako bi zaštitio svog saveznika u vladi, ljudi će možda imati novi način komuniciranja koji režim ne može zaustaviti.
Lightning je, rekao je Fodé, sve.
“Potrebna su nam trenutna i jeftina plaćanja. Ne možemo vršiti on-chain Bitcoin plaćanja. Naknade su jednostavno preskupe. Moramo koristiti Lightning. Nema druge opcije”, rekao je. "I radi."
To posebno zvuči istinito u području doznaka, koje su, prema Svjetskoj banci, glavni izvor BDP-a za mnoge CFA zemlje. Na primjer: 14,5% BDP-a temelji se na inozemnim doznakama. Za Senegal je 10,7%; Gvineja Bisau, 9,8%; Togo, 8,4%; i Mali, 6%. Prosječni trošak slanja doznake od 200 USD u sub-saharsku Afriku je 8%, a prosječni trošak slanja 500 USD 9%. Devizne doznake putem servisa poput Strike-a koje se temelje na bitcoinu mogu smanjiti naknade ispod 1%. Usvajanjem bitcoin modela i koriptenjem ovakvih usluga može se uštedjeti od 0,5% do 1% BDP-a CFA zemalja.Ako to pogledamo izdaleka, svake godine pošiljatelji doznaka širom svijeta šalju kući otprilike 700 milijardi dolara. Moglo bi se uštedjeti između 30 i 40 milijardi dolara, što je otprilike isti iznos koji SAD troši svake godine na inozemnu pomoć.
Fodé razumije zašto bi ljudi na Zapadu mogli biti skeptični prema Bitcoinu. “Ako imate aplikaciju Venmo i Cash, možda ne vidite zašto je to važno. Imate sve pogodnosti modernog monetarnog sustava. Ali kad odete u Senegal, više od 70% naših ljudi nikada nije kročilo u banku. Mama nikada nije imala kreditnu ili debitnu karticu”, rekao je.
Pita se: Kako će uopće sudjelovati u globalnom financijskom sustavu?
Rekao je da će brak pametnih telefona i Bitcoina osloboditi ljude i promijeniti društvo. Fodé je spomenuo "Mobilni val", knjigu koju je izvršni direktor MicroStrategyja Michael Saylor napisao o revoluciji pomoću uređaja koji stanu u jednu ruku. Kad je Fodé prvi put dotaknuo iPhone, znao je da je to ono što je čekao. Svemir se urotio, pomislio je. U samo nekoliko kratkih godina, vidio je iPhone, Veliku financijsku krizu, Satotshijevo izdanje Bitcoina i vlastitu tranziciju da postane američki građanin.
Rekao je da, budući da je pola života proveo u Africi, a pola u SAD-u, vidi put naprijed.
“Kada odem kući, vidim kako su ljudi sputani. Ali na isti način na koji smo preskočili fiksne telefone i prešli ravno na mobitele, preskočit ćemo banke i prijeći ravno na Bitcoin.”
Još jedan učinak koji vidi u Senegalu je da kada su ljudi izloženi Bitcoinu, počnu štedjeti.
“Danas, kod kuće, razmišljam o tome kako pomoći ljudima da uštede novac”, rekao je. “Ovdje nitko ništa ne štedi. Samo troše svaki CFA franak koji mogu dobiti.”
Fodé je "zauvijek zahvalan" za bitcoin koji mu je Leishman dao, jer ga je na kraju dao u malim dijelovima ljudima u Senegalu - onima koji su dolazili na događaje ili postavljali dobra pitanja. Ljudi su vidjeli kako njegova vrijednost raste s vremenom.
S velikim je uzbuđenjem promatrao što se događa u El Salvadoru. Kada je ranije ovog mjeseca stajao u konferencijskoj dvorani u Miamiju i slušao osnivača Strikea Jacka Mallersa kako najavljuje da je jedna država dodala bitcoin kao zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja, Fodé je rekao da je zaplakao. Mislio je da se ovo nikada neće dogoditi.
“Ono što je počelo kao pohrana vrijednosti, sada se razvija u sredstvo razmjene”, rekao je.
El Salvador ima neke sličnosti sa zemljama CFA zone. To je siromašnija nacija, vezana za stranu valutu, ovisna o uvozu, sa slabijom izvoznom bazom. Njegovu monetarnu politiku kontrolira vanjska sila. 70% zemlje nema bankarstvo, a 22% nacionalnog BDP-a oslanja se na inozemne doznake.
"Ako bi to mogla biti dobra opcija za njih," mislio je Fodé, "možda bi mogla biti i za nas."
Ali zna da postoje velike prepreke.
Jedan je francuski jezik. Nema puno francuskih informacija na GitHubu ili u dokumentacijskim materijalima za Lightning ili o Bitcoin coreu. Trenutno Fodé radi na prevođenju dijela ovoga na francuski kako bi se lokalna zajednica programera mogla više uključiti.
Može li se zajednica Bitcoin Beach (Bitcoin plaža) na kraju pojaviti u Senegalu? Da, rekao je Fodé. Zato se vratio i zato vodi sastanke, prikuplja donacije putem Lightninga i gradi verziju Radija Slobodna Europa koju pokreću građani i koja se temelji na Bitcoinu.
"Mogli bi me zatvoriti", rekao je. "Ali kroz sastanke se trudim da ne budem niti jedina točka neuspjeha (single point of failure)."
On misli da će biti teško usvojiti Bitcoin u Senegalu zbog francuskog utjecaja.
"Neće proći bez borbe", rekao je.
Kao što je rekao Ndongo Samba Sylla, “Danas se Francuska suočava s relativnim ekonomskim padom u regiji koju je dugo smatrala svojim privatnim rezervatom. Čak i suočena s usponom drugih sila poput Kine, Francuska nema namjeru odustati od vlasti - borit će se do posljednjeg."
Ali možda bi to, umjesto nasilne revolucije, mogla biti postupna mirna revolucija tijekom vremena koja izbacuje kolonijalizam.
"Ne iznenadno isključivanje, već paralelni sustav, gdje se ljudi mogu sami odlučiti tijekom vremena", rekao je Fodé. “Bez prisile.”
Što se tiče ljudi koji misle da samo trebamo tražiti od vlade da zaštiti naša prava?
"Oni ne znaju da demokracije poput Francuske imaju lošu stranu", rekao je Fodé. “Neće nam dati slobodu. Umjesto toga, trebali bismo slijediti korake cypherpunka i zgrabiti našu slobodu koristeći otvoreni kod.”
Na pitanje o šansama Bitcoina da zamijeni središnje bankarstvo, Fodé je rekao da ta ideja “Amerikancima može zvučati ludo, ali za Senegalce ili Togoance, središnje banke su parazit našeg društva. Moramo uzvratiti.”
Fodé smatra da Bitcoin "mijenja život".
“Nikada prije nismo imali sustav u kojem bi se novac mogao kovati na decentraliziran način. Ali ovo je ono što imamo danas. To je rješenje za one kojima je najpotrebnije. Po prvi put imamo moćno oruđe za suzbijanje ugnjetavanja”, rekao je. “Možda nije savršeno, ali moramo koristiti alate koje danas imamo da se borimo za ljude. Ne čekati da nam netko dođe pomoći.”
Odvajanje novca od države
Godine 1980. kamerunski ekonomist Joseph Tchundjang Pouemi napisao je Novac, ropstvo i sloboda: Afrička monetarna represija (Monnaie, servitude et liberté: La répression monétaire de l’Afrique) Teza: novčana ovisnost je temelj svih drugih oblika ovisnosti. Završne riječi knjige posebno snažno zvuče danas: “Sudbina Afrike bit će iskovana novcem ili se uopće neće iskovati.”
Novac i valuta zakopani su ispod površine u globalnom pokretu za ljudska prava. Oni se gotovo nikada ne spominju na konferencijama o ljudskim pravima i rijetko se o njima raspravlja među aktivistima. Ali pitajte zagovornika demokracije iz autoritarnog režima o novcu, i ispričat će vam nevjerojatne i tragične priče. Demonetizacija u Eritreji i Sjevernoj Koreji, hiperinflacija u Zimbabveu i Venezueli, državni nadzor u Kini i Hong Kongu, zamrznuta plaćanja u Bjelorusiji i Nigeriji i ekonomski zaštitni zidovi u Iranu i Palestini. A sada: monetarni kolonijalizam u Togu i Senegalu. Bez financijske slobode pokreti i nevladine organizacije ne mogu se održati. Ako su njihovi bankovni računi zatvoreni, novčanice demonetizirane ili sredstva obezvrijeđena, njihova moć je ograničena i tiranija maršira.
Monetarna represija i dalje se skriva i o njoj se ne govori u pristojnim krugovima. Današnja stvarnost za 182 milijuna ljudi koji žive u CFA zemljama je da iako su možda politički neovisni po imenu, njihova su gospodarstva i novac još uvijek pod kolonijalnom vlašću, a strane sile još uvijek zlorabe i produljuju taj odnos kako bi iscijedile i iskorištavale što više vrijednosti iz njihova društva i geografije što je više moguće.
Posljednjih godina građani CFA zone sve više ustaju. Slogan Francusko odobrenje "France Dégage!" postao je poklič okupljanja. No čini se da najglasniji kritičari sustava, među njima Pigeaud i Sylla, ne nude održivu alternativu. Oni odbacuju status quo i ropstvo MMF-a, samo kako bi predložili ili regionalnu valutu, koju kontroliraju lokalni čelnici, ili sustav u kojem svaka CFA nacija stvara i upravlja vlastitom valutom. Ali samo zato što su Senegal ili Togo dobili monetarnu neovisnost od Francuske, ne jamči da će imati dobre rezultate ili da čelnici zemlje neće zlorabiti valutu.
Još uvijek postoji prijetnja domaće diktatorske loše vladavine ili novog zarobljavanja od strane ruskih ili kineskih stranih sila. Jasno je da ljudima treba novac koji zapravo lomi kotač, novac koji mogu kontrolirati i kojim vlade bilo koje vrste ne mogu manipulirati. Baš kao što je došlo do povijesnog odvajanja crkve i države koje je utrlo put prosperitetnijem i slobodnijem ljudskom društvu, u tijeku je odvajanje novca od države.
Bi li građani CFA nacija, s vremenom, s povećanjem pristupa internetu, mogli popularizirati Bitcoin do te mjere da bi vlade bile prisiljene de facto ga usvojiti, kao što se dogodilo u zemljama Latinske Amerike poput Ekvadora s "dolarización popular" (popularna dolarizacija)? Povijest ostaje za pisati, ali jedno je sigurno: Svjetska banka i MMF oduprijet će se svim trendovima u tom smjeru. Već su zamahnuli protiv El Salvadora.
Nedavno je glumac Hill Harper citiran u The New York Timesu u vezi s njegovim aktivizmom oko Bitcoina u afroameričkoj zajednici. Rekao je, vrlo jednostavno, "Oni ne mogu kolonizirati Bitcoin."
Farida Nabourema se slaže. “Bitcoin”, rekla je, “prvi put ikada da postoji novac koji je zapravo decentraliziran i dostupan svakome u svijetu bez obzira na boju kože, ideologiju, nacionalnost, količinu bogatstva ili kolonijalnu prošlost.”
Rekla je da je to narodna valuta, pa čak ide i korak dalje.
"Možda", rekla je, "bitcoin bismo trebali nazvati valutom dekolonizacije."
Originalan tekst autora Alex Gladstein objavljen je na portalu Bitcoin Magazine. Prijevod teksta napravljen je uz dozvolu autora.
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@ d41bf82f:ed90d888
2025-05-14 02:59:50“ฉันยังคงเชื่อและหวังว่า สักวันหนึ่งการเมืองและเศรษฐกิจจะลดบทบาทลงจากความสำคัญที่เคยมีในอดีต วันหนึ่งจะมาถึง วันที่ข้อถกเถียงทั้งหลายที่เรามีอยู่ในปัจจุบันเกี่ยวกับเรื่องเหล่านี้ จะดูเล็กน้อยหรือไร้ความหมาย ไม่ต่างจากการโต้แย้งทางเทววิทยาในยุคกลาง ซึ่งแม้แต่ปัญญาชนที่เฉียบแหลมที่สุดก็ยังทุ่มเทแรงกายแรงใจให้กับมันอย่างไร้ประโยชน์”
— อาร์เธอร์ ซี. คลาร์ก
บทนี้เปรียบเทียบการล่มสลายของโครงสร้างอำนาจทางการเมืองในยุคปัจจุบันกับความเสื่อมถอยของศาสนจักรในยุคกลาง ผู้เขียนตั้งข้อสังเกตว่าการเมืองสมัยใหม่—ในฐานะกิจกรรมที่เน้นการแย่งชิงอำนาจรัฐและให้เหตุผลแก่การใช้อำนาจ—เป็นเพียงสิ่งประดิษฐ์ชั่วคราวที่เกิดขึ้นในช่วงเวลาที่ผลตอบแทนจากการควบคุมรัฐมีสูง โดยเฉพาะในช่วงหลังการปฏิวัติดินปืน ซึ่งเป็นเหตุการณ์สำคัญที่เปลี่ยนตรรกะของการใช้ความรุนแรงอย่างรุนแรง
ก่อนหน้าการปฏิวัติดินปืน อำนาจทางทหารกระจัดกระจายอยู่ในมือของชนชั้นสูงตามระบบศักดินา อัศวินม้าหุ้มเกราะคือศูนย์กลางของกองกำลัง ซึ่งควบคุมได้ยากและมีต้นทุนสูง เมื่อมีดินปืนเข้ามาแทนที่ มันทำให้รัฐสามารถจัดตั้งกองทัพถาวรที่ควบคุมจากส่วนกลางได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ต้นทุนต่อหน่วยของความรุนแรงลดลง แต่กำลังทำลายล้างกลับเพิ่มขึ้น ทำให้การผูกขาดการใช้กำลังโดยรัฐกลายเป็นสิ่ง “คุ้มทุน” และส่งเสริมให้เกิดรัฐชาติสมัยใหม่ที่มีการเก็บภาษีอย่างเป็นระบบ มีระบบราชการ และกองทัพประจำการ
การเมืองในความหมายใหม่จึงถือกำเนิดขึ้นจากการแย่งชิงทรัพยากรและอำนาจรัฐที่เติบโตจากอิทธิพลของดินปืน ความสำคัญของคำถาม “ใครควบคุมรัฐ?” จึงกลายเป็นแกนกลางของความขัดแย้งทางการเมืองตลอด 500 ปีที่ผ่านมา ในมุมมองของผู้เขียน การเมืองไม่ได้เป็นแก่นแท้ของการดำรงอยู่ของมนุษย์ แต่เป็นผลพลอยได้จากเงื่อนไขทางเทคโนโลยีและภูมิสังคมในช่วงเวลาหนึ่ง ซึ่งกำลังหมดสภาพไปอย่างช้าๆ จากอิทธิพลของการปฏิวัติสารสนเทศ เช่นเดียวกับที่ระบบศักดินาเคยสิ้นสุดลงเมื่อสิ้นยุคกลาง
กระบวนการนี้เริ่มสังเกตได้จากความเบื่อหน่ายและการเสื่อมศรัทธาที่ผู้คนมีต่อการเมืองทั่วโลก ความไม่พอใจต่อการทุจริตของผู้นำ ความล้มเหลวในการบริหาร และความไร้ประสิทธิภาพของรัฐชาติ สะท้อนถึงการหมดอำนาจของโครงสร้างทางการเมืองแบบเดิมในระดับลึก แม้ในปัจจุบันผู้คนยังไม่สามารถจินตนาการถึงชีวิตที่ปราศจากการเมืองได้อย่างสิ้นเชิง แต่กระแสความเสื่อมถอยได้เริ่มขึ้นแล้ว เหมือนกับที่ผู้คนในยุคกลางยังเชื่อในอำนาจของศาสนจักร ทั้งที่ศรัทธาที่แท้จริงได้เสื่อมสลายไปก่อนหน้านั้นนาน
ผู้เขียนเปรียบการล่มสลายของการเมืองสมัยใหม่กับการล่มสลายของพระศาสนจักรในปลายคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 15 โดยให้เหตุผลว่า ในช่วงนั้นผู้คนเริ่มหมดศรัทธาในนักบวช ทั้งระดับสูงและระดับล่าง มีการกล่าวหาว่าหิวเงิน คาวโลกีย์ และขายบาป ผู้คนยังเชื่อในศรัทธาภายนอก แต่ในความเป็นจริง สถาบันศาสนากลับไร้อำนาจในการควบคุมสังคม ความเปรียบเทียบนี้นำไปสู่ข้อเสนอว่ารัฐชาติกำลังเดินตามเส้นทางเดียวกัน คือหมดอำนาจลงทั้งในทางปฏิบัติและความชอบธรรม ในโลกยุคสารสนเทศ การควบคุมของรัฐมีต้นทุนสูงขึ้น เทคโนโลยีทำให้ผู้คนหลีกเลี่ยงอำนาจรัฐได้มากขึ้น รัฐไม่สามารถผูกขาดการใช้ความรุนแรงหรือการเก็บภาษีได้ง่ายเหมือนเดิม รัฐชาติจึงจะค่อย ๆ ถูกแทนที่ด้วยรูปแบบใหม่ของอธิปไตย เช่น เมืองอิสระหรือสาธารณรัฐพ่อค้า ซึ่งต้องแข่งขันกันเสมือนบริษัทเอกชน คิดค่าบริการตามคุณค่าที่ให้กับพลเมือง ผู้เขียนยังวิจารณ์มายาคติของยุคต่าง ๆ ที่บดบังความเข้าใจความจริงของโครงสร้างอำนาจ เช่น มายาคติเรื่องอัศวินในยุคกลาง หรือมายาคติเรื่องประชาธิปไตยในยุคปัจจุบัน ทั้งสองต่างเป็นภาพลวงที่ผูกปัจเจกบุคคลเข้ากับอำนาจรัฐเพื่อระดมทรัพยากรและแรงงาน ในยุคที่ต้นทุนของการใช้อำนาจเปลี่ยนไป บทบาทของทั้งอัศวินในยุคศักดินา และพลเมืองในยุคประชาธิปไตย ก็จะเสื่อมลงตามไปด้วย
กล่าวโดยสรุป บทนี้เสนอว่าเรากำลังอยู่ในช่วงหัวเลี้ยวหัวต่อของประวัติศาสตร์ เมื่อระบบรัฐชาติและการเมืองในรูปแบบที่เราคุ้นเคยกำลังถึงจุดจบ เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศจะปลดล็อกพลังของปัจเจกบุคคลให้มีทางเลือกที่หลากหลายกว่าการอยู่ภายใต้รัฐเพียงแบบเดียว และโลกใหม่ที่กำลังจะมาอาจไม่ต้องการ “การเมือง” อย่างที่เราเคยรู้จักอีกต่อไป...
สามารถไปติดตามเนื้อหาแบบ short vdo ที่สรุปประเด็นสำคัญจากแต่ละบท พร้อมกราฟิกและคำอธิบายกระชับ เข้าใจง่าย ได้ที่ TikTok ช่อง https://www.tiktok.com/@moneyment1971
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@ a5ee4475:2ca75401
2025-05-07 20:32:24ai #artificial #intelligence #english #tech
Open Source
Models
- LLAMA - Large Language Model Meta AI - Text AI [source]
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Stable Diffusion - Text to image [source]
- Pixart-Alpha - Text to image [source]
- OmniGen - Pompt, image or subject to image [source]
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CogVideo - Text and image to video generation [info] [source] [test]
Tools
LIGHTNING PAYMENTS - Animal Sunset - AI video generation with Nostr npub by lightning payments [source] - Ai Rand - AI text generation with Pubky DNS by lightning payments [source] - PlebAI - Text and Image generation without signup [source] 🌐🤖🍎 [sites down - only github available]
OTHERS - HuggingFace - Test and collaborate on models, datasets and apps. [source] - DuckDuckGo AI Chat - Famous AIs without Login [source] - Ollama - Run LLMs Locally [source] - DreamStudio - Stable Diffusion’s Web App Tool [info] [source] - Prompt Gallery - AI images with their prompts [source]
Closed Source
Models
Tools
Other index: Amazing AI
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@ 45c41f21:c5446b7a
2025-05-14 01:53:11Pocket Wallet is a experimental nostr-based wallet on CKB blockchain built for pocket change and casual, low-stakes transactions. It uses CKB Light Client to sync the blockchain right in your browser without relying on any centralized RPC service. By integrating Nostr with Nip46 and more, Pocket Wallet hopes to provide a fully verifiable wallet experience in the methodology of client-side-validation and POW verifications. The software is also open-source, right now it only supports testnet, any feedback is welcome.
This is also an self attempt to build a Web5 product from zero and explore the design and implementation of a Web5 idealism. The things i find interesting along side building this demo are quite a few, just pick some to share:
- I think users and developers all want something that can last without requiring extra hardship, approval or permissions in the future.
- For developers, what i mean by that is when building Web5 products, we should think about the maintain problem. to make a product works in the longer future, you want it relies on fewer dependencies.
- Server is bad because it relies on other people’s computer. Client side validation is good because the computer is in your own control.
- That is why light client and POW matters to blockchain since they give you the power to verify by yourself instead of trusting others. Don’t trust, verify is not just a slogan, it is also a practical strategy if you look at it in the long term. Centralized service always feels great at the beginning and then it mess you up in the future.
- If you really have to rely on some sort of service, choose the simple and open protocol one instead of the proprietary software. One example in Pocket wallet is the usage of Nip46 to manage the Nostr account. The great thing about Nip46 is that it is dead simple and you can easily host your own if all the Nip46 service providers are down or kicking you out.
- In fact, I think all service/products in Nostr ecosystem are easily switchable, replaceable and can be self-hosting since it is a very simple open protocol. That’s why it is chosen in Pocket Wallet as a kind of Web2 User interface connecting with the blockchain web3 stuff(which together builds up the Web5, yes!)
- For users, there are power users and weak users. power users can take care of their own but they just don’t have the tools that allows them to do the job. The reason is that power users are considered the minorities in almost all the marketplace. We need more web5 products that move the power and also the responsibility from developers to power users.
- For weak users, they can take care of their own but they just keep being told that they can’t and they fall for it. Being able to verify and control the software one is using is a key difference. One simple example is that do you allow a Nostr account manager (either it is Nip46 or Nip07) to automatically approve signing most events for you or do you check every operation by yourself with a high security policy? Automatically signing are always dangerous when comes to manage crypto funds.
- Web5 implements different level of trust and opens access to different level of verifiable tools and resource. Only in this way power users can fulfill their wants while weak users have a chance to realize the lies of custody. We need web5 to bring individual sovereign.
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@ 60392a22:1cae32da
2025-05-14 01:42:49Why are emojis called emojis?
The word "emoji" comes from Japan because emojis were first created and popularized there. The term "emoji" (絵文字) is made up of two Japanese words: "e" (絵), meaning "picture," and "moji" (文字), meaning "character."
The first set of emojis was developed in 1999 by Shigetaka Kurita, a designer working for NTT DoCoMo, a major Japanese mobile phone company. Kurita designed a set of 176 12×12 pixel images for a messaging service called i-mode, which was a precursor to what we now recognize as text messaging. The aim was to help people convey emotions, actions, or objects more easily in their digital communication, especially since sending lengthy texts wasn’t as practical on early mobile phones.
The simplicity and ease of emojis made them incredibly popular, and over time, they spread beyond Japan to the rest of the world. Today, emojis are used globally in texting, social media, and digital communication.
So, while emojis were created in Japan, they’ve become a universal part of modern communication!
I did not know it. I want to share it. so now I tweet.
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@ 3f770d65:7a745b24
2025-05-07 20:29:59🏌️ Monday, May 26 – Bitcoin Golf Championship & Kickoff Party
Location: Las Vegas, Nevada\ Event: 2nd Annual Bitcoin Golf Championship & Kick Off Party"\ Where: Bali Hai Golf Clubhouse, 5160 S Las Vegas Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89119\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!
Details:
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The week tees off in style with the Bitcoin Golf Championship. Swing clubs by day and swing to music by night.
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Live performances from Nostr-powered acts courtesy of Tunestr, including Ainsley Costello and others.
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Stop by the Purple Pill Booth hosted by Derek and Tanja, who will be on-boarding golfers and attendees to the decentralized social future with Nostr.
💬 May 27–29 – Bitcoin 2025 Conference at the Las Vegas Convention Center
Location: The Venetian Resort\ Main Attraction for Nostr Fans: The Nostr Lounge\ When: All day, Tuesday through Thursday\ Where: Right outside the Open Source Stage\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!
Come chill at the Nostr Lounge, your home base for all things decentralized social. With seating for \~50, comfy couches, high-tops, and good vibes, it’s the perfect space to meet developers, community leaders, and curious newcomers building the future of censorship-resistant communication.
Daily Highlights at the Lounge:
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☕️ Hang out casually or sit down for a deeper conversation about the Nostr protocol
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🔧 1:1 demos from app teams
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🛍️ Merch available onsite
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🧠 Impromptu lightning talks
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🎤 Scheduled Meetups (details below)
🎯 Nostr Lounge Meetups
Wednesday, May 28 @ 1:00 PM
- Damus Meetup: Come meet the team behind Damus, the OG Nostr app for iOS that helped kickstart the social revolution. They'll also be showcasing their new cross-platform app, Notedeck, designed for a more unified Nostr experience across devices. Grab some merch, get a demo, and connect directly with the developers.
Thursday, May 29 @ 1:00 PM
- Primal Meetup: Dive into Primal, the slickest Nostr experience available on web, Android, and iOS. With a built-in wallet, zapping your favorite creators and friends has never been easier. The team will be on-site for hands-on demos, Q&A, merch giveaways, and deeper discussions on building the social layer of Bitcoin.
🎙️ Nostr Talks at Bitcoin 2025
If you want to hear from the minds building decentralized social, make sure you attend these two official conference sessions:
1. FROSTR Workshop: Multisig Nostr Signing
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🕚 Time: 11:30 AM – 12:00 PM
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📅 Date: Wednesday, May 28
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📍 Location: Developer Zone
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🎤 Speaker: Austin Kelsay, Voltage\ A deep-dive into FROST-based multisig key management for Nostr. Geared toward devs and power users interested in key security.
2. Panel: Decentralizing Social Media
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🕑 Time: 2:00 PM – 2:30 PM
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📅 Date: Thursday, May 29
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📍 Location: Genesis Stage
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🎙️ Moderator: McShane (Bitcoin Strategy @ Roxom TV)
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👥 Speakers:
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Martti Malmi – Early Bitcoin dev, CEO @ Sirius Business Ltd
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Lyn Alden – Analyst & Partner @ Ego Death Capital
Get the big-picture perspective on why decentralized social matters and how Nostr fits into the future of digital communication.
🌃 NOS VEGAS Meetup & Afterparty
Date: Wednesday, May 28\ Time: 7:00 PM – 1:00 AM\ Location: We All Scream Nightclub, 517 Fremont St., Las Vegas, NV 89101\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!
What to Expect:
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🎶 Live Music Stage – Featuring Ainsley Costello, Sara Jade, Able James, Martin Groom, Bobby Shell, Jessie Lark, and other V4V artists
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🪩 DJ Party Deck – With sets by DJ Valerie B LOVE, TatumTurnUp, and more DJs throwing down
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🛰️ Live-streamed via Tunestr
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🧠 Nostr Education – Talks by Derek Ross, Tomer Strolight, Terry Yiu, OpenMike, and more.
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🧾 Vendors & Project Booths – Explore new tools and services
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🔐 Onboarding Stations – Learn how to use Nostr hands-on
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🐦 Nostrich Flocking – Meet your favorite nyms IRL
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🍸 Three Full Bars – Two floors of socializing overlooking vibrant Fremont Street
This is the after-party of the year for those who love freedom technology and decentralized social community. Don’t miss it.
Final Thoughts
Whether you're there to learn, network, party, or build, Bitcoin 2025 in Las Vegas has a packed week of Nostr-friendly programming. Be sure to catch all the events, visit the Nostr Lounge, and experience the growing decentralized social revolution.
🟣 Find us. Flock with us. Purple pill someone.
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@ 60392a22:1cae32da
2025-05-14 01:42:43When I am asked "where password and ID?" by my friends, I will say it. ↓(generated by chatgpt)
1. Nostr is decentralized
- No central authority: Unlike platforms like Facebook or Twitter, Nostr doesn’t rely on a single company or server. This means nobody can block your account or censor your posts. You control your own data and connections.
- Distributed network: Instead of all your data being stored in one place (which can be hacked), it’s spread across multiple independent servers.
2. No passwords or centralized logins
- No passwords to steal: Instead of using a traditional username and password, Nostr uses a private key system. This means your login is much more secure, and there’s no need for you to remember passwords or risk them getting hacked.
- Easy login with Passkeys or security keys: On Nostr, you don’t need a password—you can use secure login methods like Passkeys (via your phone, for example), which is faster and much more secure than a traditional password.
3. You control your identity
- No account lockouts: Since your identity is stored on your own device and not on a company’s server, you can’t be locked out of your account unless you lose your private key. You can always recover access if you have your private key.
- Pseudonymous: You don’t need to reveal your real name. You can choose an identity that doesn’t tie to your personal info.
4. Privacy & Security
- Your data is yours: On traditional platforms, companies own your data and can sell it. With Nostr, you keep control over your information—no company has access to your messages, posts, or activity.
- End-to-end encryption: Nostr supports strong privacy where your messages are encrypted, meaning no one can spy on your conversations.
5. Open-source and community-driven
- No profit motive: Since Nostr is open-source, there’s no central company profiting from your data. It’s built by a community that values freedom of speech and privacy.
- Transparency: Anyone can see the code, contribute to its improvement, and make the network better. It's not controlled by one company or government.
Simple Example:
You could say something like this: "Think of Nostr like having your own personal email system, where only you control your account. There’s no one to block you or take down your content. You don’t need a password to log in—just a secure key on your phone. Your posts are private, and you can be anonymous if you want. No one owns your data. It’s freedom, security, and privacy."
What You Can Say if They Ask, “But there are IDs and keys, right?”
- Yes, but the IDs are not like usernames: In Nostr, your identity is linked to your private key, not a password. This key is yours and you control it. There's no centralized database of usernames or passwords that someone could steal.
- It's safer: It’s like having a secure personal locker that only you can open with your phone’s biometrics or security key, rather than trying to remember a password or relying on a service to keep it safe for you.
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@ 472f440f:5669301e
2025-05-14 01:15:12Marty's Bent
via Kevin McKernan
There's been a lot of discussion this week about Casey Means being nominated for Surgeon General of the United States and a broader overarching conversation about the effectiveness of MAHA since the inauguration and how effective it may or may not be moving forward. Many would say that President Trump won re-election due to Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Nicole Shanahan deciding to reach across the aisle and join the Trump ticket, bringing with them the MAHA Moms, who are very focused on reorienting the healthcare system in the United States with a strong focus on the childhood vaccine schedule.
I'm not going to lie, this is something I'm passionate about as well, particularly after having many conversations over the years with doctors like Kevin McKernan, Dr. Jack Kruse, Dr. Mary Talley Bowden, Dr. Brooke Miller, Dr. Peter McCullough and others about the dangers of the COVID mRNA vaccines. As it stands today, I think this is the biggest elephant in the room in the world of healthcare. If you look at the data, particularly disability claims, life insurance claims, life expectancy, miscarriage rates, fertility issues and rates of turbo cancer around the world since the COVID vaccine was introduced in 2021, it seems pretty clear that there is harm being done to many of the people who have taken them.
The risk-reward ratio of the vaccines seems to be incredibly skewed towards risk over reward and children - who have proven to be least susceptible to COVID - are expected to get three COVID shots in the first year of their life if their parents follow the vaccine schedule. For some reason or another it seems that Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has shied away from this topic after becoming the head of Health and Human Services within the Trump administration. This is after a multi-year campaign during which getting the vaccines removed from the market war a core part of his platform messaging.
I'm still holding out hope that sanity will prevail. The COVID mRNA vaccines will be taken off the market in a serious conversation about the crimes against humanity that unfolded during the COVID years will take place. However, we cannot depend on that outcome. We must build with the assumption in mind that that outcome may never materialize. This leads to identifying where the incentives within the system are misconstrued. One area where I think it's pretty safe to say that the incentives are misaligned is the fact that 95% of doctors work for and answer to a corporation driven by their bottom line. Instead of listening to their patients and truly caring about the outcome of each individual, doctors forced to think about the monetary outcome of the corporation they work for first.
The most pernicious way in which these misaligned incentives emerge is the way in which the hospital systems and physicians are monetarily incentivized by big pharma companies to push the COVID vaccine and other vaccines on their patients. It is important to acknowledge that we cannot be dependent on a system designed in this way to change from within. Instead, we must build a new incentive system and market structure. And obviously, if you're reading this newsletter, you know that I believe that bitcoin will play a pivotal role in realigning incentives across every industry. Healthcare just being one of them.
Bitcoiners who have identified the need to become sovereign in our monetary matters, it probably makes sense to become sovereign when it comes to our healthcare as well. This means finding doctors who operate outside the corporate controlled system and are able to offer services that align incentives with the end patient. My family utilizes a combination of CrowdHealth and a private care physician to align incentives. We've even utilized a private care physician who allowed us to pay in Bitcoin for her services for a number of years. I think this is the model. Doctors accepting hard censorship resistant money for the healthcare and advice they provide. Instead of working for a corporation looking to push pharmaceutical products on their patients so they can bolster their bottom line, work directly with patients who will pay in bitcoin, which will appreciate in value over time.
I had a lengthy discussion with Dr. Jack Kruse on the podcast earlier today discussing these topic and more. It will be released on Thursday and I highly recommend you freaks check it out once it is published. Make sure you subscribe so you don't miss it.
How the "Exorbitant Privilege" of the Dollar is Undermining Our Manufacturing Base
In my conversation with Lyn Alden, we explored America's fundamental economic contradiction. As Lyn expertly explained, maintaining the dollar's reserve currency status while attempting to reshore manufacturing presents a near-impossible challenge - what economists call Triffin's Dilemma. The world's appetite for dollars gives Americans tremendous purchasing power but simultaneously hollows out our industrial base. The overvalued dollar makes our exports less competitive, especially for lower-margin manufacturing, while our imports remain artificially strong.
"Having the reserve currency does come with a bunch of benefits, historically called an exorbitant privilege, but then it has certain costs to maintain it." - Lyn Alden
This dilemma forces America to run persistent trade deficits, as this is how dollars flow to the world. For over four decades, these deficits have accumulated, creating massive economic imbalances that can't be quickly reversed. The Trump administration's attempts to address this through tariffs showcase how difficult rebalancing has become. As Lyn warned, even if we successfully pivot toward reshoring manufacturing, we'll face difficult trade-offs: potentially giving up some reserve currency benefits to rebuild our industrial foundation. This isn't just economic theory - it's the restructuring challenge that will define America's economic future.
Check out the full podcast here for more on China's manufacturing dominance, the role of Bitcoin in monetary transitions, and energy production as the foundation for future industrial power.
Headlines of the Day
Coinbase to replace Discover in S\&P 500 on May 19 - via X
Mallers promises no rehypothecation in Strike Bitcoin loans - via X
Get our new STACK SATS hat - via tftcmerch.io
Missouri passes HB 594, eliminates Bitcoin capital gains tax - via X
The 2025 Bitcoin Policy Summit is set for June 25th—and it couldn’t come at a more important time. The Bitcoin industry is at a pivotal moment in Washington, with initiatives like the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve gaining rapid traction. Whether you’re a builder, advocate, academic, or policymaker—we want you at the table. Join us in DC to help define the future of freedom, money & innovation in the 21st century.
Ten31, the largest bitcoin-focused investor, has deployed 144,264 sats | $150.00M across 30+ companies through three funds. I am a Managing Partner at Ten31 and am very proud of the work we are doing. Learn more at ten31.vc/invest.
Final thought...
The 100+ degree days have returned to Austin, TX. Not mad about it... yet.
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