@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Boy howdy! We're getting some good finals games in the NBA and NHL. I imagine that will occupy most of our discussion.

Do we expect these teams to be contenders next year too or is this their window?

I now need Indy to pull off the win, if I'm going to win our bracket challenge. In the event of an Indy win, @grayruby hilariously shot himself in the foot with his pick for MVP in the points challenge (there's a fun little econ lesson there).

We are starting to transition into offseason mode, though: starting with the Knicks post mortem.

Aaron Judge has a ludicrous 87% chance of winning the AL MVP this year. Also, @Jer is demolishing me in fantasy this week.

Predyx has some exciting new sports markets up. I may have gotten a bargain on some Euro Rules Football outcomes just a few minutes ago.

We'll also recap the ongoing contests and discuss whatever else stackers want to hear about.

https://stacker.news/items/1005467

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The involvement of America’s largest corporations with stablecoins has reached 29%.

According to the latest State of Crypto report published by Coinbase, interest in stablecoins among Fortune 500 executives has seen a significant surge, rising from 8% in 2024 to 29% in 2025.

The study, based on a sample of 100 executives from the 500 highest-revenue U.S. companies, reveals that nearly three in ten said their organization is either planning or seriously considering integrating stablecoins into their business processes.

The growing interest is mainly driven by inefficiencies in traditional payment systems. The executives surveyed identified slow transaction speeds and high fees as the main drawbacks of conventional payment methods.

The survey also found that 7% of Fortune 500 companies are already actively using or holding stablecoins in their corporate wallets.

And it’s not just large corporations getting on board. The study also surveyed 251 financial decision-makers at small and medium-sized businesses with fewer than 500 employees. Among them, 81% expressed interest in using stablecoins — a sharp rise from 61% the previous year. Meanwhile, 46% of these businesses plan to integrate cryptocurrencies into their operations within the next three years.

Transaction volume data confirms this growing interest. Stablecoins have seen significant monthly spikes, with $719 billion in December 2024 and $717 billion in April 2025.

Over the course of 2024, total stablecoin transaction volumes reached $27.6 trillion, surpassing the combined transaction volumes of Visa and Mastercard by 7.7%. At the same time, the number of stablecoin holders surpassed 161 million users as of May 2025, according to Coinbase.

The post Stablecoins: interest from major U.S. companies grows 260% in a year appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

When Richard Scotford moved to Costa Rica in 2018, he had no idea he would become a key figure in a thriving Bitcoin economy.

A longtime Bitcoin holder who initially saw it through the lens of speculation, Scotford’s journey led him to embrace Bitcoin’s deeper purpose and spearhead Bitcoin Jungle — a grassroots movement bringing real-world Bitcoin adoption to Costa Rica.

Bitcoin circular economies create holistic value for Bitcoiners

Bitcoin Jungle is inspired by Bitcoin Beach in El Salvador but uniquely adapted to Costa Rica’s economic landscape. Unlike El Salvador, where Bitcoin was positioned as a tool for financial inclusion, Costa Rica already has a fairly stable banking system.

The real issue? The friction of moving money. Expats, business owners, and tourists struggle with high fees, banking red tape, and slow transactions. Bitcoin helped solve a lot of these problems.

The Birth of Bitcoin Jungle

Scotford and his team launched Bitcoin Jungle in late 2021 with a simple goal: get bitcoin into people’s hands and make it usable. However, there was one challenge — he had no technical background.

Determined to create a circular bitcoin economy, Scotford networked aggressively. He attended the first Adopting Bitcoin conference in El Salvador, approaching strangers with his vision:

“I was just walking around trying to find people who could help me make this economy, going up to random people saying ‘Hey, what can you do? We’re trying to make a circular economy in Costa Rica, can you help us?’ They all thought I was crazy.”

The breakthrough came when he turned to Bitcoin Twitter. Nicolas Burtey from Galoy encouraged him to create a wallet, and developer Lee Salminen forked the Bitcoin Beach wallet for their project. 

“Within two weeks of Adopting Bitcoin, Lee forked the Galoy Bitcoin Beach wallet, which took Galoy by surprise. Even though they made their wallet to be forked if necessary, I don’t think they were expecting people to do it so fast and, I’d like to say, so well. They were like, ‘Okay, cool, who are these guys doing this?’”

Finally Bitcoin Jungle had its own working wallet, surprising even the Galoy team with the speed of execution.

Grassroots Adoption: One Vendor at a Time

How do you build a bitcoin economy from scratch? Scotford’s answer was simple: start at the farmers’ markets.

“We were like, okay, we’re going to get all the bespoke niche market sellers who are in this area. We have all these beautiful farmers markets, and we decided to approach these people first,” Scotford explained.

His team took a strategic approach, targeting market gatekeepers first.

“If you want to talk to every individual person, it’s really difficult. But if you can talk to the person who is the owner of the market, and then they can introduce you to their market stores, you’re already halfway there.”

Going stall by stall, they pitched Bitcoin’s advantages — no bank fees and better payment options. But adoption didn’t happen overnight, so Bitcoin Jungle initially offered a safety net — vendors could cash out at the end of the day.

“We would say to the vendors, ‘Look, accept bitcoin, and at the end of the day, if you don’t want to keep the bitcoin, we’ll buy it off you,’” Scotford recalled.

“When we first started, maybe 30–40% of the vendors were cashing up every day or at the weekends. Lee would be walking around with big fistfuls of money, cashing out vendors.”

But over time, something shifted — they started keeping their bitcoin.

“Eventually, the vendors started to learn themselves that, ‘Oh, actually it’s better to keep it.’ They would then pay for their tables in the markets using bitcoin. They thought, ‘Well, I don’t want to keep this bitcoin, I don’t really know what to do with it, but I can pay for my table.’ So there, the circular economy starts to happen.”

Today, Bitcoin Jungle runs with minimal intervention, and Scotford takes pride in their reliability.

“When you come here to Costa Rica, what we really pride ourselves on is that if someone says they accept bitcoin, 99% of the time, they will. And if they’re part of Bitcoin Jungle, they will 100% accept bitcoin and you will have a fluid experience with it.”

By mid-summer 2024 over 380 locations in Costa Rica accepted bitcoin

The Bitcoin Jungle Wallet and Real Usage

Bitcoin Jungle is an open-source community project built on the Bitcoin Lightning Network.

Acting as a community bank, the project processes a large number of transactions daily. To encourage proper security practices, Scotford’s team alerts their peers, reminding users to move their bitcoin to cold storage.

“If you’ve got too much bitcoin on your wallet, we send you a message telling you to move it to cold storage,” he explained. For larger businesses, they even offer hands-on assistance to secure funds properly.

Unlike the HODL-only philosophy that many Bitcoiners advocate, Bitcoin Jungle encourages spending.

“Michael Saylor says don’t spend your bitcoin. We say the opposite,” Scotford laughed. “We’re the antithesis of that. You need to spend it.”

Bitcoin Jungle’s Unique Approach to Costa Rica

Bitcoin Jungle isn’t just another Bitcoin adoption effort; it’s tailored to Costa Rica’s economy. The wallet operates in Costa Rican colónes, making transactions feel familiar to residents while ensuring tourists and expats can still interact easily.

The team has also introduced low-fee bitcoin ATMs, point-of-sale integrations, and partnerships that allow users to pay in bitcoin while the recipient receives local currency.

A major breakthrough came when Francis Pouliot from Bull Bitcoin joined forces with Bitcoin Jungle, bringing his expertise in banking infrastructure to the project.

This collaboration enabled seamless bitcoin payments that integrate directly with Costa Rica’s financial system, allowing users to pay anyone, even businesses that don’t directly accept bitcoin, while the recipient receives funds in colónes or dollars.

“I can go to a hardware store, order steel for my new basketball court, pay in bitcoin, and the store gets dollars,” Scotford said. “For a non-tech guy like me, it’s magical.”

Why Aren’t There More Bitcoin Jungles?

Scotford sees an opportunity for more localized bitcoin economies.

“There should be a Bitcoin Harbor, a Bitcoin Mountain, a Bitcoin Driveway,” he joked. “But instead of waiting for permission or corporate funding, people need to take action themselves.”

He emphasizes that building a circular bitcoin economy doesn’t require deep pockets. “I probably gave away $600 worth of bitcoin when we started — just $3 here, $4 there — to get people using it.”

The Future of Bitcoin Jungle

Bitcoin Jungle continues to grow, recently hosting events like the Bitcoin Freedom Festival and integrating bitcoin into community projects, including a school where tuition can be paid in bitcoin.

“The institutions have come in, but the grassroots projects haven’t caught up,” Scotford observed. “It’s time for people to stop sitting on their hands and start building.”

Bitcoin is permissionless, no one has to wait for approval to start using it. Bitcoin Jungle proves that with vision and persistence, anyone can build a thriving Bitcoin economy, one market stall at a time.

Get the latest from Bitcoin Jungle: follow them on X

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Maelstrom Announces Its Fourth Bitcoin Developer Grant Recipient

Maelstrom is announcing that Ron, known online as “macgyver13,” is the fourth recipient of the Maelstrom Bitcoin Grant Program, per a press release sent to Bitcoin Magazine. Ron will be working on Silent Payments, as proposed in Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 352. 

“We are excited to be financially supporting Ron, in his mission on integrating Silent Payments into Bitcoin wallets,” said the CFO of Maelstrom Arthur Hayes. “Many merchants and users want to provide/display a single static address that doesn’t change, which is an important, valid and simple use case. With Silent Payments this can still be done, while on-chain address re-use is avoided. Address re-use is a goldmine for the surveillance organisations, and at Maelstrom, we want to help put a stop to it.”

In September 2023, Silent Payments was proposed by Josie Baker and Ruben Somsen. It allows people to create a single, static address to share with friends, use for donations, or post for tips without sacrificing privacy. This eliminates address reuse, a key method used by surveillance firms to track user behavior on the blockchain.

“With many software projects, and perhaps even more so in Bitcoin, taking an idea from a proposal to a fully adopted solution is the hardest part,” Josie said. “In the short amount of time I’ve been working with Ron, I’ve been thrilled at the progress we’ve made and I’m excited to work with him over the next year on Silent Payments adoption with the goal of making an intuitive, seamless user experience while also protecting user’s financial privacy.”

Bitcoin privacy depends on using new addresses, which often requires sender to receiver interaction. Existing static address methods use notifications that increase costs and leak metadata. Silent Payments avoids both interaction and notifications but requires wallets to scan the blockchain. Multi-party input use is not yet proven secure.

Silent Payments aim to implement:

• Zero transaction cost overhead
• No linkability between payments and static addresses
• No need for sender to receiver interaction
• Compatibility with privacy tools and modern wallet features

“My primary focus will be coordinating development and testing efforts within the growing community dedicated to integrating Silent Payments into desktop and mobile Bitcoin wallets,” stated the new grantee of Maelstrom Ron. “By advancing Silent Payments alongside BOLT12 and BIP-353, we aim to enhance privacy and simplify the user experience, paving the way for broader adoption of Bitcoin as a payment solution.”

This post Maelstrom Announces Its Fourth Bitcoin Developer Grant Recipient first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ 2cde0e02:180a96b9

pen & ink; monochromized

tools used

https://stacker.news/items/1005456

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Bitcoin: How To Solve the Student Loan Crisis

Student loans continue to trouble millions of Americans, with a total of $1.77 trillion already owed. This crisis has been a major political issue for a while, especially after former President Biden promised to wipe out all of the student loan debt and ended up only fulfilling half of the promise. These billions of dollars are not just numbers on a spreadsheet; they represent people who repay their debt, every month, year in and year out. While the standard repayment plan spans 10 years, the reality is far more daunting: The average borrower takes 20-30 years to repay their loans. 

There are over two million new undergraduates every year, and, on average, they graduate with $29,400 in debt. Some, like medical students, surpass $250,000 in debt — a mortgage-sized pile. Almost $100 billion in new debt is created every year, piled upon the already unsustainable student debt pile. Similar to how we have (haven’t) dealt with public pensions, instead of dismantling a failed system we keep feeding the machine and crushing people’s lives and dreams underneath its weight. But perhaps there’s a way for future generations to avoid this dreadful fate — by borrowing new ideas from similar fields.

Real Estate: The Store of Value (SoV) Since Nixon

The real estate market is another system that heavily relies on debt to keep functioning, and like student loans, it’s not working too well. 

Real estate is a market where it’s completely normal to go 10x levered long on a single asset while putting all of your savings into it. Talk about idiosyncratic risk. The entire market has been in deep pain worldwide, not necessarily because of the debt, but due to how the fiat system has turned real estate into an investment-and-savings mechanism. In turn, the great investment of one generation becomes the unaffordable housing for the next. But a subset of the population has been divesting from the asset in favor of a better savings vehicle: bitcoin. 

Part of their thesis in divesting from real estate and moving to bitcoin is that they predict that bitcoin’s superior SoV function will drive real estate prices down, wreaking havoc on a fragile and overpriced asset class. This makes quite a bit of sense, especially to those individuals who invested in real estate in search of those SoV properties in the first place; they now have to contend with increasing risk all over the world, putting in peril what was once a “safe SoV” asset class. From wildfires all over the place to floods, expropriations, new taxes, and wars breaking out in places previously unimaginable, some investors are just fed up.

But housing is still necessary, and we still need to build a massive amount of new houses. In almost all major cities in the world, there’s a housing crisis driven in large part by shortages. This is due to lackluster housing buildouts following the 2008 great financial crisis, driven directly by housing debt. Thus, even if all of the real estate owners put all of their stock of housing into the market, we would still have to develop and construct new ones. But it’s hard to convince real estate developers to do so when you also tell them that, in bitcoin terms, the houses they are building will be worth less by the time they sell them.

Bitcoin Replaces Real Estate

That’s where a German Bitcoiner and real estate developer named Leon Wankum steps in and turns the problem into a solution. You may even say he used financial jiu-jitsu because his idea is to bundle new, debt-heavy real estate projects with a bitcoin fund. This way, a $10 million project — of which $9 million is debt-financed — would allocate a small percentage of the financing to bitcoin, in order to hedge the depreciation and devaluation of the main asset and thereby benefit from the appreciation of bitcoin. This way, real estate developers can leverage the debt-heavy nature of the real estate market to cover the demand for housing while also hedging themselves from any SoV risk that bitcoin may pose to that asset.

This seemed like a crazy idea. Bitcoin and real estate: a super conservative mainstream infrastructure investment combined with a hyper-volatile digital savings vehicle — an unlikely marriage. Yet, polar opposites attract, and an idea is only crazy until someone replicates it and makes it work. 

To everyone’s surprise, that’s exactly what happened last year, when Andrew Hohns of Newmarket Capital went on TV to announce they had started applying Wankum’s model to offer a loan to a real estate developer. They had provided financing for a real estate project with a few special conditions: 

• the developer had to use a small proportion to buy bitcoin, which was placed in escrow.
• the bitcoin is inextricably tied with the real estate asset.
• and the bitcoin has to be held for four years minimum.

The experiment was off to the races. If the past serves as a guide, this new investment structure will greatly reduce the burden of the loan.

Bitcoin and Student Debts, Rescuing the Next Generation

At this point, the parallels to student loans should be pretty clear. When 18-year-olds take out a mortgage-sized loan to bet on their education, their future human capital is effectively becoming the real estate (collateral) that backs the debt. Their capacity to make extra income from the knowledge and certificates they acquired by going into debt will help them pay it off (given that all goes well). Investment margins become very sensitive and risk increases immensely when huge amounts of leverage are added to any investment — be it trading stocks, real estate, or your future. Your room for maneuvering decreases, and you get trapped in the path you choose.

Thus, if you yourself become the real estate securing this mortgage-sized student debt, perhaps you could also secure that loan and reduce the burden on the main asset (you) by integrating bitcoin into the mix. This could have great benefits for all parties involved: decreasing the risk for the lender and giving increased peace of mind and opportunities for the borrower (you, the student).

One of the main advantages of adding bitcoin to your student debt structure is that there are now two assets rowing against the financial repayment current: yourself and bitcoin. By going to university, learning new skills and getting certificates, you open up the path to better-paid jobs and higher earning potentials, aka higher salaries. The more intriguing component is the bitcoin tied to your student debts. As a teenager itself, bitcoin has had an incredible CAGR over its lifespan. Even conservative numbers indicate that bitcoin will return about 60% annually for the foreseeable future. When compared with the 10-15% usually provided by the S&P 500, bitcoin looks like a Ferrari competing against horses. 

The other advantage is one that frustrates most students, and it has to do with acquiring bitcoin once they understand it. Unlike most adults, undergrads have barely had any time to build up savings, and are therefore unable to exchange much fiat for hard bitcoin. This can become incredibly frustrating, especially because you know that if you were a decade older, you could have aped into bitcoin and retired your entire bloodline. But now you are stuck being 16, saving up pennies, and sacrificing your younger years for trifling amounts of bitcoin that won’t make a difference in your lifetime. So close, yet so far away.

But what is debt if not a way to bring future purchasing power into the present? Debt is a time-traveling machine that allows people to buy assets by leveraging their future earnings, revenues, or salaries. And thankfully, the current system is created so that the moment you can legally go to jail or go to war, you can also indebt yourself up to your eyeballs with the promise of future wages as a doctor, engineer, lawyer, or another profession.

Funnily enough, bitcoin’s recommended minimum holding time is also the number of years for an average college degree — four years. This means that, as long as you create a similar structure as the one proposed by Newmarket Capital, where the bitcoin has a four-year holding period, you’ll be using financial jiu-jitsu. The four-year holding period, however, does not mean that the student needs to sell at that point. The question of how to manage your finances between repaying the student loans, selling the bitcoin, or acquiring more is a more complex and personal issue. Regardless of what any student does, with this hybrid method, student debts can help young Bitcoiners leap forward instead of taking a step back.

With this new method, students — and their families — now have another thing to celebrate when they walk onto the graduation stage. And if you drop out of school, for any set of reasons that life may hit you with, your student loan now comes with a fail-safe met

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

France’s The Blockchain Group Secures €9.7 Million More For Its Bitcoin Treasury Strategy

Today, The Blockchain Group (ALTBG), listed on Euronext Growth Paris and recognized as Europe’s first Bitcoin Treasury Company, announced it has raised around €9.7 million through a mix of equity and convertible bond issuances. This move is part of their continued push to build out their Bitcoin Treasury Company strategy.

The Blockchain Group announces an equity and convertible bond issuance for a total amount of ~€9.7M to pursue its Bitcoin Treasury Company strategy

Full Press Release (EN): https://t.co/jjGOBswJsd

Full Press Release (FR): https://t.co/0Jwuv2sP7W

BTC Strategy (EN):… pic.twitter.com/mUVLHJduX5

— The Blockchain Group (@_ALTBG) June 12, 2025

The funding comes from multiple sources and was carried out through their wholly-owned Luxembourg subsidiary, “The Blockchain Group Luxembourg SA.” A major portion, about €6 million, was raised through a convertible bond issuance to TOBAM, with bonds priced at €6.24 per share. That price reflects a 30 percent premium over ALTBG’s closing price on June 9, 2025.

Ludovic Chechin-Laurans also came in with around €2.4 million, subscribing in BTC at a conversion price of about €0.7072 per share. This was part of a deal originally set up back in March 2025. If the stock price climbs 30 percent above that level, to around €0.919 over 20 consecutive trading days, he’ll have the option to convert into up to 3.4 million new ALTBG shares.

Adam Back also finalized his conversion of all OCA Tranche 1 bonds into 14.9 million ALTBG shares and subscribed to an additional 2.1 million shares for €1.16 million at €0.544 per share. 

“The Company recalls that Adam Back notified The Blockchain Group of his intention to convert all OCA Tranche 1 he holds, in accordance with the terms of the OCA Issuance Agreement entered into on March 4, 2025, the details of which were disclosed in a press release dated March 6, 2025, and which the Company now confirms has been definitively completed,” stated the press release.

TOBAM did the same, converting 1 million Tranche 1 bonds into 1.84 million shares and subscribing to 262,605 new shares for €0.14 million.

“Given the recent high volatility in the Company’s share price observed since the signing of the OCA Issuance Agreement, the conversion price of €0.544 reflects a discount of 89.52% compared to the closing price on June 12, 2025,” the press release added.

“These operations could allow for the potential acquisition of ~80 BTC, bringing the Company’s total potential holdings to ~1,611 BTC, including the proceeds from the potential completion of remaining operations announced in the press release dated May 26, 2025,” said the press release.

This post France’s The Blockchain Group Secures €9.7 Million More For Its Bitcoin Treasury Strategy first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Here's a video about the Pacers' offensive adjustments to OKC's extraordinary defense:

https://youtu.be/1LF2Sd1jTXQ

This finals matchup probably has the highest level team basketball I remember seeing.

https://stacker.news/items/1005445

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Coinbase Announces Bitcoin Rewards Credit Card, Offering up to 4% BTC Back on Everything

Coinbase is launching its first-ever branded credit card in partnership with American Express, set to roll out this fall. Called the Coinbase One Card, it will be available only to U.S. members of Coinbase One, the platform’s monthly subscription service. The card will offer 2% to 4% back in Bitcoin on everyday purchases, along with access to American Express perks.  

JUST IN: Coinbase launches credit card allowing users to earn up to 4% bitcoin back on every purchase pic.twitter.com/d6pdNZV4pi

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 12, 2025

This is a first-of-its-kind product for Coinbase, which previously only offered a prepaid debit card with Visa in 2020. 

“We see real potential in the combination of Coinbase and crypto with the powerful backing of American Express, and what the card offers is an excellent mix of what customers are looking for right now,” said Will Stredwick, head of American Express global network services, during the Coinbase State of Crypto Summit in New York.

The card is part of a larger push by Coinbase to expand its subscription-based services. Coinbase One costs $29.99/month and includes zero trading fees, higher staking rewards, and customer support perks. The company also announced a cheaper version—Coinbase Basic—for $4.99/month or $49.99/year, which includes fewer features.

Coinbase’s subscription business is growing fast. It brought in $698.1 million in Q1 2025, compared to $1.26 billion in trading revenue. According to William Blair analyst Andrew Jeffrey, this kind of recurring revenue is a big reason why long-term investors are sticking with the stock.

Launched in 2023, Coinbase One now has over a million members. The company has been steadily growing its ecosystem with products like its Base developer platform and a self-custody wallet. 

The company has long positioned Bitcoin at the center of its strategy—offering BTC custody services to institutions, supporting Bitcoin ETFs, integrating Bitcoin rewards into its products, and actively advocating for Bitcoin-friendly regulation in Washington. Coinbase also supports Bitcoin development directly through funding grants and engineering support. As the largest publicly traded crypto exchange in the U.S., Coinbase continues to frame Bitcoin not just as an asset, but as the foundation of its long-term vision.

This post Coinbase Announces Bitcoin Rewards Credit Card, Offering up to 4% BTC Back on Everything first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

Paris, France – June 6, 2025 – Flash, the easiest Bitcoin payment gateway for businesses, just announced a new partnership with the Bitcoin Only Brewery, marking the first-ever beverage company to leverage Flash for seamless Bitcoin payments. 

Bitcoin Buys Beer Thanks to Flash!

As Co-Founder of Flash, it's not every day we get to toast to a truly refreshing milestone.

Okay, jokes aside.

We're super buzzed to see our friends at @Drink_B0B
Bitcoin Only Brewery using Flash to power their online sales!

The first… pic.twitter.com/G7TWhy50pX

— Pierre Corbin (@CierrePorbin) June 3, 2025

Flash enables Bitcoin Only Brewery to offer its “BOB” beer with, no-KYC (Know Your Customer) delivery across Europe, priced at 19,500 sats (~$18) for the 4-pack – shipping included.

The cans feature colorful Bitcoin artwork while the contents promise a hazy pale ale: “Each 33cl can contains a smooth, creamy mouthfeel, hazy appearance and refreshing Pale Ale at 5% ABV,” reads the product description.

Pierre Corbin, Co-Founder of Flash, commented: “Currently, bitcoin is used more as a store of value but usage for payments is picking up. Thanks to new innovation on Lightning, bitcoin is ready to go mainstream for e-commerce sales.”

Flash, launched its 2.0 version in March 2025 with the goal to provide the easiest Bitcoin payment gateway for businesses worldwide. The platform is non-custodial and can enable both digital and physical shops to accept Bitcoin by connecting their own wallets to Flash.

By leveraging the scalability of the Lightning Network, Flash ensures instant, low-cost transactions, addressing on-chain Bitcoin bottlenecks like high fees and long wait times.

Bitcoin payment usage is growing thanks to Lightning

In May, fast-food chain Steak ‘N Shake went viral for integrating bitcoin at their restaurants around the world. In the same month, the bitcoin2025 conference in Las Vegas set a new world record with 4,000 Lightning payments in one day.

According to a report by River Intelligence, public Lightning payment volume surged by 266% from August 2023 to August 2024. This growth is also reflected in the overall accessibility of lighting infrastructure for consumers. According to Lightning Service Provider Breez, over 650 Million users now have access to the Lightning Network through apps like CashApp, Kraken or Strike.

Bitcoin Only Brewery’s adoption of Flash reflects the growing trend of businesses integrating Bitcoin payments to cater to a global, privacy-conscious customer base. By offering no-KYC delivery across Europe, the brewery aligns with the ethos of decentralization and financial sovereignty, appealing to the increasing number of consumers and businesses embracing Bitcoin as a legitimate payment method.

“Flash is committed to driving innovation in the Bitcoin ecosystem,” Corbin added. “We’re building a future where businesses of all sizes can seamlessly integrate Bitcoin payments, unlocking new opportunities in the global market. It’s never been easier to start selling in bitcoin and we invite retailers globally to join us in this revolution.”

For businesses interested in adopting Bitcoin payments, Flash offers a straightforward onboarding process, low fees, and robust support for both digital and physical goods. To learn more, visit paywithflash.com.

About Flash

Flash is the easiest Bitcoin payment gateway for businesses to accept payments. Supporting both digital and physical enterprises, Flash leverages the Lightning Network to enable fast, low-cost Bitcoin transactions. Launched in its 2.0 version in March 2025, Flash is at the forefront of driving Bitcoin adoption in e-commerce.

About Bitcoin Only Brewery

Bitcoin Only Brewery (@Drink_B0B) is a pioneering beverage company dedicated to the Bitcoin ethos, offering high-quality beers payable exclusively in Bitcoin. With a commitment to personal privacy, the brewery delivers across Europe with no-KYC requirements.

Media Contact:

Pierre Corbin
Co-Founder, Flash
Email: press@paywithflash.com
Website: paywithflash.comPhotos paywithflash.com/about/press

How Flash Enables Interoperable, Self-Custodial Bitcoin Commerce

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Bitcoin Will Replace Gold And Go To $1,000,000, Says Galaxy Digital CEO Mike Novogratz

Today, Galaxy Digital CEO Mike Novogratz told CNBC that Bitcoin is on a path to replace gold and could eventually reach a value of $1,000,000.

JUST IN: Galaxy Digital CEO told CNBC that Bitcoin will replace gold and go to $1,000,000 pic.twitter.com/Tf831LBt1h

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 12, 2025

“Bitcoin has become a macro asset,” said Novogratz. “And some of the great things is most people have it on their screens next to gold and silver and the S&P. And you think back ten years ago when people thought we were crazy. And now it’s an institutionalized macro asset… It’s just becoming institutionalized.”

He emphasized that Bitcoin is no longer a fringe investment but part of the mainstream financial landscape. He pointed out that its volatility is now seen as normal compared to traditional assets.

“We are in a dollar bear market. For the last 15 years, American exceptionalism was the story. Europeans were widely overweight and Asians widely overweight the US stock and we have an administration that wants a weaker dollar. They are pretty clear about it,” he said. “Even in the way Trump negotiates. And you can argue if it’s successful or not successful, but by telling Canada they want to be the 51st state, and telling people that they come here to kiss his rear end, it doesn’t engender people to say, ‘Oh, I want to buy more dollars.’”

According to Novogratz, this global shift is pushing investors toward assets outside the dollar, including Bitcoin.

“I think most macro funds are having a great year,” he stated. “They’re short the dollar, they’re long the euro, they’re long the yen, they’re long Aussie, they’re long a basket of currencies. Well, Bitcoin, gold, silver, platinum, they all fall into that same category as something that’s not the dollar.”

He also pointed to Bitcoin’s fixed supply as a key factor behind its growing value.

“There is no more Bitcoin,” he said. “What’s unique about Bitcoin as an asset is it was created with 21 million coins total. Period. End of story. There’ll never be more than that. But not all of those have been mined, is my point. Not most of them. Lots of them have been lost. There have been more Bitcoins lost than will be mined for the rest of eternity.”

Novogratz believes the wave of institutional involvement, including firms like BlackRock, is cementing Bitcoin’s role as a savings asset.

“The bull case becomes that over time… gold slowly gets replaced by Bitcoin. And so if you look at gold’s market cap and Bitcoin market cap, Bitcoin has a long way to go. Right? 10x. And so that [is] $1,000,000 a Bitcoin just to be where gold is.”

This post Bitcoin Will Replace Gold And Go To $1,000,000, Says Galaxy Digital CEO Mike Novogratz first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Where Could Bitcoin Peak This Cycle?

With Bitcoin looking as bullish as ever, the inevitable question arises of how high could BTC realistically go in this market cycle? Here we’ll explore a wide range of on-chain valuation models and cycle timing tools to identify plausible price targets for a Bitcoin peak. Although prediction is never a substitute for disciplined data reaction, this analysis gives us frameworks to better understand where we are and where we might be heading.

Price Forecast Tools

The journey begins with Bitcoin Magazine Pro’s free Price Forecast Tools, which compile several historically accurate valuation models. While it’s always more effective to react to data rather than blindly predict prices, studying these metrics can still provide powerful context for market behavior. If macro, derivative, and on-chain data all start flashing warnings, it’s usually a solid time to take profit, regardless of whether a specific price target has been hit. Still, exploring these valuation tools is informative and can guide strategic decision-making when used alongside broader market analysis.

Figure 1: Applying Price Forecast Tools to calculate potential cycle tops. View Live Chart

Among the key models, the Top Cap multiplies the average cap over time by 35 to project peak valuations. It accurately forecasted 2017’s top, but missed the 2020–2021 cycle, estimating over $200k while Bitcoin peaked around $69k. It now targets over $500k, which feels increasingly unrealistic. A step further is the Delta Top, subtracting the average cap from the realized cap, based on the cost basis of all circulating BTC, to generate a more grounded projection. This model suggested an $80k–$100k top last cycle. The most consistently accurate, however, is the Terminal Price, based on Supply Adjusted Coin Days Destroyed, which has closely aligned with each prior peak, including the $64k top in 2021. Currently projecting around $221k, it could rise to $250k or more, and remains arguably the most credible model for forecasting macro Bitcoin tops. Of course, more information regarding all of these metrics and their calculation logic can be found beneath the charts on the site.

Peak Forecasting

Another powerful metric is the MVRV ratio, which compares market cap to realized cap. It offers a psychological window into investor sentiment, typically peaking near a value of 4 in major cycles. The ratio currently sits at 2.34, suggesting there may still be room for significant upside. Historically, as MVRV nears 3.5 to 4, long-term holders begin to realize substantial gains, often signaling cycle maturity. However, with diminishing returns, we might not reach a full 4 this time around. Instead, using a more conservative estimate of 3.5, we can begin projecting more grounded peak values.

Figure 2: A view of the MVRV ratio predicts further cycle growth to reach historical 4+ and even more conservative 3.5 target values. View Live Chart

Calculating A Target

Timing is as important as valuation. Analysis of BTC Growth Since Cycle Lows illustrates that previous Bitcoin cycles peaked almost exactly 1,060 days from their respective lows. Currently, we are about 930 days into this cycle. If the pattern holds, we can estimate the peak may arrive in roughly 130 days. Historical FOMO-driven price increases often happen late in the cycle, causing Realized Price, a proxy for average investor cost basis, to rise rapidly. For instance, in the final 130 days of the 2017 cycle, realized price grew 260%. In 2021, it increased by 130%. If we assume a further halving of growth due to diminishing returns, a 65% rise from the current $47k realized price brings us to around $78k by October 18.

Figure 3: Based on the peak rate of previous cycles, this cycle is far from over. View Live Chart

With a projected $78k realized price and a conservative MVRV target of 3.5, we arrive at a potential Bitcoin price peak of $273,000. While that may feel ambitious, historical parabolic blowoff tops have shown that such moves can happen in weeks, not months. While it may seem more realistic to expect a peak closer to $150k to $200k, the math and on-chain evidence suggest that a higher valuation is at least within the realm of possibility. It’s also worth noting that these models dynamically adjust, and if late-cycle euphoria kicks in, projections could quickly accelerate further.

Figure 4: Combining projected realized price and a possible MVRV target to predict this cycle’s peak.

Conclusion

Forecasting Bitcoin’s exact peak is inherently uncertain, with too many variables to account for. What we can do is position ourselves with probabilistic frameworks grounded in historical precedent and on-chain data. Tools like the MVRV ratio, Terminal Price, and Delta Top have repeatedly demonstrated their value in anticipating market exhaustion. While a $273,000 target might seem optimistic, it is rooted in past patterns, current network behavior, and cycle-timing logic. Ultimately, the best strategy is to react to data, not rigid price levels. Use these tools to inform your thesis, but stay nimble enough to take profits when the broader ecosystem starts signaling the top.

For more deep-dive research, technical indicators, real-time market alerts, and access to a growing community of analysts, visit BitcoinMagazinePro.com.

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Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Always do your own research before making any investment decisions.

This post Where Could Bitcoin Peak This Cycle? first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Matt Crosby.

@ 99e7936f:d5d2197c

“Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.”

„BORN TUBI FREE“   statt   „VIEL FREE“

Ja, Sie haben richtig gelesen.

Bildung hatte in meinem Elternhaus keinen hohen Stellenwert. Für meine Eltern war es erstrebenswert, ein gutes Heim mit großem Garten, etwas Komfort und gutes Essen zu haben. Sowohl mein Vater als auch meine Mutter hatten starken Bezug zur Landwirtschaft und Nutztierhaltung. Tiere, die keinen Nutzen hatten, waren in den Augen meiner Eltern Luxus. Auch für mich ist es heute wichtig, Zugang zu Grün und zur Natur zu haben. Ich liebe Tiere, die keinen Nutzen haben, und Pflanzen aller Art. Im Sommer stundenlang unter dem Blätterdach eines alten Baumes zu liegen und dem Knacken der Äste zuzuhören, ist für mich Glück.

In meiner Kindheit gab es blökende Schafe und Lämmer statt Klavierunterricht. Wir kletterten bei der Obsternte auf den Baum oder sammelten Fallobst statt im Sportverein zu turnen. Statt Büchern gab es Besuche bei Tante und Onkel, die Geschichten von früher erzählten. Und statt Museumsbesuchen gab es die Werkstatt meines Vaters und das Hobby meiner Mutter, alte Möbel zu sammeln und selbst zu restaurieren. Die Themen des Lebens lernte ich nicht durch Theateraufführungen kennen, sondern durch den Alltag und die Menschen in meiner unmittelbaren Umgebung.

Durch die Schule kam ich erstmals in Kontakt mit der Möglichkeit, dass man Dinge auch abstrakt-theoretisch lernen konnte. Schule war für mich auch ein Ort, an dem ich ganz nebenbei das Sozialverhalten anderer Menschen studieren konnte. Das war für mich als Kind und Teenager ein wichtiges Korrektiv. Aber vor allem habe ich über die Schule gelernt, dass es eine ganze Welt zu entdecken gab, die mir bis dahin unbekannt war. Bildung war für mich nie etwas, mit dem man angibt. Bildung war für mich ein Geschenk, eine Überraschung, eine Freude, ein Anfang von etwas Neuem, eine Hoffnung, manchmal eine Angst, es nicht zu schaffen, aber immer wieder eine Quelle von Verstehen und neuen Fragen. Bildung ist für mich heute eine riesige Landkarte, die ich nach Herzenslust bereisen kann, wenn ich mag. Auf meiner Landkarte gibt es noch so viele weiße Flecken. Ich habe mein Abitur mit 29 Jahren ohne die emotionale Unterstützung meiner Eltern nachgeholt. Meine Eltern ahnten schon, dass sich nach dem Abitur ein „teures“ Studium anschließen würde. Auch das war in ihren Augen Luxus, denn ich hatte ja bereits eine Ausbildung.

Nach dem Krieg hatten viele Menschen gar nicht die Möglichkeit, Schulbildung zu erlangen. Im Vordergrund stand, einen guten Job zu finden, Kinder zu bekommen und etwas aufzubauen, ein Haus zu bauen, sich Urlaub im sonnigen Süden leisten zu können. Frauen, die in den 60er Jahren nicht heirateten und stattdessen studieren wollten, waren in der Welt meiner Eltern nicht sichtbar. Bildung war eine stille Sehnsucht, an die man nicht mal im Traum denken durfte, so kam es mir in meiner Familie als Teenager manchmal vor. Das muss mit dem materiellen Mangel meiner Eltern in ihrer Kindheit zu tun gehabt haben. Ich habe dieses Phänomen auch bei den Eltern von Freunden oder bei Verwandten beobachten können. Materieller Wohlstand schien wichtiger als irgendwelche fernen Ziele und Horizonte. Erst mit fortschreitendem Alter fingen meine Eltern an, sich hobbymäßig und theoretisch zu bilden. Sie besuchten zwar keine Kurse in der Volkshochschule, aber sie kauften sich Sachbücher zu den verschiedensten Themen oder machten Kulturreisen in die neuen Bundesländer. Das war für sie der pure Luxus. Sie besuchten Schlösser und Burgen, mein Vater liebte es, in rustikaler Umgebung oder in historischen Gebäuden an schön gedeckten Tischen zu essen, während meine Mutter die Holzmaserung der Möbel genau betrachtete und befühlte.

Da ich diesen „Bildungsluxus“ aber deutlich vor meinem Rentenalter haben wollte, nahm ich die zähen Diskussionen mit meinen Eltern wegen einer finanziellen Unterstützung meines Studiums in Kauf. Bildung ist ein Grundbedürfnis von Menschen, das von ganz allein entsteht, wenn es nicht aktiv unterdrückt wird. Das hat die Evolution vermutlich so angelegt, damit man ab und zu auch mal das Gewohnte verlässt, um Neues zu entdecken, weil Flexibilität die Überlebenschancen der Spezies erhöht.

Bildung ist ein Grundbedürfnis, und das machen sich natürlich auch die dunklen Kräfte auf dieser Welt zu Nutze.

Das heutige Bild, das ich zum Artikel gewählt habe, habe ich vor ein paar Wochen in dem Viertel, in dem ich wohne, mit der Kamera aufgenommen. Auf einem Plakat konnte ich „VIEL FREE“ in großen Buchstaben lesen und war sprachlos. Ich wusste gar nicht, was mich so bestürzte, als ich das Plakat sah. Aber ich spürte, dass ich dieses Plakat im Bild festhalten musste, weil irgendeine tiefe Botschaft darin lag, die ich mitnehmen sollte. Manchmal verstehe ich Dinge erst intuitiv und anschließend kognitiv.

Dieses Plakat ist eine Werbung für irgendeinen Freizeitpass o.ä., den man in unserer Region erwerben kann. Aber der Anbieter wirbt mit einer bewusst falschen Rechtschreibung (VIEL FREE). Da ich nicht aus einem Bildungshaushalt komme, könnte mir das herzlich egal sein. Aber was mir nicht egal ist, ist das Gefühl, das ich beim Lesen dieses Plakats bekam. Das war ein Gefühl von einem vollen Nachttopf, den man mir über den Kopf schüttet und dabei noch hämisch grinst. Das Plakat hat mich spontan empört.

Ich dachte sofort an die Geflüchteten aus Syrien und Afghanistan, mit denen ich vor ein paar Jahren gearbeitet hatte. Sie hatten dermaßen Stress mit dem Erlernen der deutschen Sprache gehabt. Oft waren die „Lehrer“ in den Sprachkursen keine ausgebildeten Lehrer gewesen. Die Familienväter und die Teenager der Flüchtlingsfamilien fielen teils mehrmals durch die Prüfungen und hatten Angst, deshalb von der Behörde nicht zum regulären Arbeitsmarkt bzw. zum Gymnasium zugelassen zu werden. Die Mütter blieben zum Glück gelassener. Die bestandene Sprachprüfung war die offizielle Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme am ersten Arbeitsmarkt, so hieß es damals zumindest. Wer den Abschluss nicht hatte, erhielt keine Hilfe beim Schreiben einer Bewerbung. Das „Konzept“ der Maßnahme zur Vermittlung in Arbeit, in der ich damals tätig war, sah dies so vor. Ich kann mich noch lebhaft an die Auseinandersetzung mit meinem Kollegen erinnern, die ich deshalb damals hatte. Diese Logik erschloss sich mir nicht, denn man lernt Sprache doch am besten dort, wo man lebt UND arbeitet. Aber zurück zu dem Plakat. Was ich zum Ausdruck bringen möchte, ist, dass es insbesondere in dem Viertel, in dem ich wohne, viele Menschen mit ganz unterschiedlicher Herkunft und mit Kriegserfahrung gibt, die nicht sicher sind in der deutschen Sprache, für die es nicht hilfreich ist, dass Plakate mit einer fehlerhaften Rechtschreibung für etwas werben. Und von der zynischen Qualität dieses „VIEL FREE“ rede ich noch gar nicht.

Wie soll man in einem Land, das man neu kennen lernen möchte und muss, weil man aus einem Krieg geflüchtet ist, die Sprache lernen, wenn man bewusst fehlerhafte Rechtschreibung vorgesetzt bekommt? Und den angeblichen Wortwitz verstehen doch die meisten gar nicht, weil sie, wie gesagt, weder im mündlichen noch im schriftlichen Sprachausdruck sicher sind. Und niemand möchte sich lediglich „frei fühlen“, sondern lieber tatsächlich „frei sein“, oder nicht? Und echte Freiheit hat sicherlich auch nichts mit irgendeiner Plastikkarte zu tun, mit der ich einen Erlebnispark oder ein Spaßbad aufsuchen kann.  

„Frei sein“ bedeutet für mich, dass ich nicht durch psychologische Tricks für etwas interessiert werde, das mich von echter Freiheit ablenken und abhalten soll. Echte Freiheit braucht auch sicherlich keine Plastikkarten mit personenbezogenen Daten. Echte Freiheit bedeutet, dass ich NICHT aus meinem Heimatland durch Krieg vertrieben werde, sondern dass ich mein Leben (und meine Freizeit) nach Lust und Laune so gestalten kann, wie ich das will. Und dazu gehört mehr als ein Besuch im Erlebnispark des Landes, in das ich geflüchtet bin, um zu überleben. Dazu gehört, dass ich die Sprache vor Ort verstehe und selbst sprechen kann, dass ich ein respektierter Teil der Gesellschaft werde, dass ich die gleichen Chancen bekomme wie die anderen, dass ich die finanziellen Mittel habe für Bildung, guten Wohnraum mit Garten und was auch immer, dass ich mobil bin, und dass ich, insbesondere als junger Mensch, meine Familie und eine vertraute Gruppe von Freunden um mich habe. Also „frei sein“ bedeutet, NICHT aus meiner Heimat weggebombt zu werden.

In meiner unmittelbaren Nachbarschaft leben unbegleitete minderjährige Flüchtlinge in einer Wohngemeinschaft zusammen. Das sind höfliche Jungs so um die 16/17 Jahre. Sie lernen die Welt und das Leben gerade erst kennen. Sie haben keinen leichten Start gehabt, sind aber neugierig auf dieses neue Land, in dem sie nun leben. Sie grüßen freundlich und probieren die neu erlernte Sprache aus. Solche Plakate direkt vor ihrer Haustür sind nicht hilfreich. Diese Plakate versuchen, junge Menschen mit ihrem ganz normalen Bedürfnis danach, Neues zu erleben, abzuholen und in eine aktionsreiche Scheinwelt zu entführen, in der es vermeintlich Freiheit und ganz VIEL Spaß gibt. Solche Plakate sind für mich keine unschuldige Werbung für einfache Freizeitgestaltung. Solche Plakate sind einerseits der dezente Wink in Richtung Konsum und andererseits kognitive Platzhalter, mentale Füllstoffe.

VIEL FREE mit Plastikkarten ist in meinen Augen ein aufdringliches Angebot für willkommene Schmerzvermeidung durch Konsum. Es ist Angriff auf Sprache und Denken. Es richtet sich an junge Menschen, die das, was sie in den letzten Jahren hier oder woanders erleben mussten, vergessen möchten. Nach Kriegen oder staatlichen Übergriffen, so wie in der sogenannten Corona-Zeit, geht es immer für fast alle Beteiligten um das Vergessen. An diesem Punkt sind sich die Dynamik von Trauma einerseits und die Täterstruktur andererseits leider immer einig. Deswegen hat es ja auch in der deutschen Vergangenheit funktioniert, Konsum als Schmerzpflaster auf Wunden aller Art zu kleben.

VIEL FREE ist für mich ein trauriges Zeitdokument, das meine Aufmerksamkeit gefunden hat, weil es das Gegenteil von Freiheit, Genießen, Gemeinschaft und vielem mehr darstellt.

VIEL FREE hat mich an meine Eltern in jungen Jahren und ihre Sehnsüchte erinnert, eine traumatisierte Generation, die alles dafür getan hat, materiellen Wohlstand zu generieren, um sich endlich wieder emotional sicher fühlen zu können.

VIEL FREE erreicht nicht die Herzebene, weil es nicht von Herzen kommt.

VIEL FREE ist eine kostengünstige Zucker-LÖSUNG, die den kleinen Hunger und die stille Sehnsucht nach Heimat, Zugehörigkeit, Sicherheit, Frieden, Glück und vielleicht auch nach Bildung stillen soll. Aber sie macht genau das, was Zucker macht. Sie macht nicht satt, sondern weckt den großen Hunger. Man konsumiert dann das Falsche mit all den Folgen, die das hat. Es ist schwer, aus solchen Kreisläufen wieder raus zu kommen.

Wem dienen diese ungesunden Kreisläufe?

Wem dient dieser Konsum, der nicht satt macht?

Wem dient das Vergessen einer traumatischen Jugend?

Was denkt man alles NICHT, während man mit VIEL FREE als mentalem Füllstoff beschäftigt ist?

Was fühlt man alles NICHT, während man Loopings auf der Konsumschiene dreht?

Was macht man alles NICHT, was außerhalb der vorgezeichneten Freizeitzone liegt, aber auch Spaß macht?

Was ist die gesunde Alternative für junge Menschen, egal welcher Herkunft?

Wie können Angebote insbesondere für junge Menschen, die traumatisiert sind, aussehen?

Wo kann man als junger Mensch kostenlos und ohne eine Institution oder ein „Konzept“ im Nacken mit Gleichaltrigen in der Freizeit „abhängen“ und nebenbei Schafe, Obstbäume und andere Menschen aus sicherer Entfernung beobachten?

Wo gibt es solche unschuldigen Oasen?

Wo kann man Trauma „heilen“ oder zumindest die Voraussetzungen für spätere Selbstheilung schaffen?

Wo wird man nicht mit Zucker-LÖSUNG angefixt?

Wo kann man lernen, den eigenen Körper, die eigenen Gefühle nach Trauma wieder zu spüren, zu regulieren und sich dadurch wirklich frei zu fühlen?

Wer vermittelt der nächsten Generation eigentlich, was wir (in den letzten fünf Jahren) gelernt haben?

Vielleicht geht das erstmal über praktische Angebote, über das persönliche Erleben und später dann über theoretische Bildung. Man muss den Wert von Schafen und Bäumen nicht sofort theoretisch erklärt bekommen. Für den Anfang reicht es, wenn man Zugang zu Schafen und Bäumen bekommt und lernt, wie andere mit Schafen und Bäumen umgehen, also Lernen am Modell. Es müssen auch nicht unbedingt Schafe und Bäume sein, das ist, wie Sie bereits gemerkt haben, nur eine Metapher.

Mich haben Schafe und Bäume in gewisser Weise gerettet. Sie haben mir Verbindung angeboten. Ich konnte diese Verbindung am eigenen Leib spüren. Ich konnte spüren, dass ich bin und auch erahnen, wer ich wirklich bin. Sie waren mir ein verlässliches Gegenüber in schwierigen Zeiten, sie haben mich so oft beruhigt, getröstet und gehalten. Die Natur hört zu, wenn keiner mehr zuhört. Sie nimmt Dich an, egal wer Du bist. Sie bewertet Dich nicht. Sie ist unendlich geduldig und ein super Lehrer für alle Fragen, die einem als Kind so einfallen können. Sie weckt Deine Aufmerksamkeit, Deine Neugier, Deinen Wunsch zu Lernen und zu Verstehen. Sie lenkt Dich ab. Die Natur unterrichtet Dich ganz beiläufig. Ihre Sprache ist das kreative Spiel und die Fülle. Diese Anbindung an die Natur hilft mir bis heute, mit Herausforderungen aller Art klarzukommen. Wenn ich nicht weiter weiß oder mich beruhigen möchte und muss, dann gehe ich in die Natur. Danach ist nicht jedes Problem sofort gelöst, aber ich bin wieder zuversichtlich, dass ich auch diese Welle nehmen kann und über Wasser bleibe. Ich spüre mich dann mit all meiner Kraft als einen Teil dieser Welt. Und genau das wünsche ich vor allem den jungen Leuten in meiner Umgebung, die noch so viel vor sich haben.

Du bist geboren, um Dich als einen Teil dieser Welt kraftvoll und frei zu fühlen.

Du bist ein Stück von dieser Natur, die jeden Tag kreativ spielt und immer reichlich von allem hat.

Man sagt: „Schau auf den Horizont, wenn die Wellen hochschlagen.“

Für mich bedeutet das: Wenn Du Dich mit der Natur verbindest, dann hast Du Orientierung, dann fühlst Du Dich selbst. Und wenn Du Dich und Deine angeborene Stärke fühlst, dann bist Du frei. Dann kann Dir kein Problem etwas anhaben. Die Natur heilt sich und Dich jeden Tag auf`s Neue.

BORN TO BE FREE.

BE FREE.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

“Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.”

Sie sind noch nicht auf Nostr and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil! Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf Start. Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im Pareto-Wiki.

\ Newsletter per Mail (Die Friedenstaube)\ hier abonnieren\ \ In Telegram lesen -> hier unsere Kanäle\ https://t.me/pareto_artikel \ https://t.me/friedenstaube_artikel \ \ Als Feed in einem Feed-Reader \ https://pareto.space/atom/feed.xml \ https://pareto.space/atom/de_feed.xml \ https://pareto.space/atom/en_feed.xml

@ e096a89e:59351479

Here’s how to make the perfect soft boiled egg in seven minutes using ice water.

Video: https://v.nostr.build/gODN4ihoJal4EhuA.mp4

1. Grab your eggs.

2. Fill a pot with water, put it on high heat, and bring it to a boil.

3. While waiting, fill a bowl with ice and water. Set it aside.

4. Once the water is boiling, gently add the eggs.

5. Start a timer for 7 minutes.

6. When 7 minutes are up, transfer the eggs into the ice water bowl.

7. Let them sit for a couple of minutes before peeling.

(Optional) Make peeling fun - see how big of shell pieces you can get.

1. After peeling, put the eggs back into the ice water for a few more minutes. *This helps them firm up slightly while keeping the yolk soft but not runny.

2. Sprinkle with sea salt flakes and enjoy with whatever you like.

Give a zap if you enjoy this sort of content, and if this yielded good results for you :)

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

In the heart of a forgotten village, wrapped in fog and silence, lived a girl named Lisa who had never seen her reflection.

There were no mirrors in the village, only old tales whispered by elders that mirrors “stole your spirit” or “showed things best left hidden.” Lisa never questioned it. She believed what she was told: she was plain, timid, and destined for nothing more than blending into shadows.

But she felt something inside a flicker, like a candle trying to burn through thick glass.

One day, while gathering herbs deep in the forest, Lisa stumbled upon the ruins of an ancient house. Inside, beneath sheets of ivy and dust, stood an enormous mirror tall, cracked, and untouched for decades.

She froze.

Curiosity trembled in her chest. Carefully, she wiped away the dust with her sleeve.

At first, she saw only her eyes, wild, curious, and afraid. Then, slowly, the whole reflection emerged. Not plain. Not broken. But alive.

It was her, and yet someone more stronger, prouder, freer.

Tears welled in her eyes. All her life, she had believed others’ words. But here, in silence, she saw the truth for herself.

She began visiting the mirror each day, not to admire beauty, but to remind herself she was real. That her thoughts mattered. That what lived inside her could not be shaped by lies spoken outside.

When she returned to the village, she walked differently.

She spoke.

She led.

And others began to wonder: What did she see that changed her?

Lisa simply smiled and said, “I stopped seeing what they told me I was. And started seeing who I truly am.”

Moral: You are not what others say you are. You are who you choose to see.

@ 0403c86a:66d3a378

Exciting news for FOOTBALL fans ⚽! Global Sports Central 🌐 is teaming up with Predyx, a leading prediction market in the Bitcoin ecosystem, to bring you comprehensive coverage of the very first Club World Cup directly on Nostr. This partnership is all about enhancing your experience with the latest news, insights, and interactive features!

The Club World Cup will showcase the best clubs from around the globe, and with our collaboration, you’ll be fully engaged in the action. Predyx focuses on long-term outcomes, allowing you to make predictions on who will win it all. Plus, if you’re not happy with your predictions, you can sell your shares at any time and switch allegiance—after all, it’s a free market!

What You Can Expect:

• Latest News and Match Reports: Stay updated with the latest news, in-depth match reports, and insights from the tournament, ensuring you never miss a moment.

• Market Odds Tracking: Follow the shifts in market odds in real-time, giving you the edge when making predictions and engaging with the action.

• Player of the Day Card: Celebrate standout performances with our Daily Player of the Day card, highlighting the top players from the tournament.

• Game oN Frontpage: Each day, we’ll feature the frontpage of the day, showcasing the most historical matchups and capturing the feel of the game.

• Best Moments Replays: Relive the excitement with replays of the best moments from the Cup, so you can catch all the highlights and unforgettable plays.

• Long-Term Predictions: Engage with Predyx to forecast who will win the tournament and who will take home the MVP award, allowing you to make strategic predictions as the tournament unfolds.

• Easy Login System: Getting started is a breeze! All you need is a Lightning wallet to log in and participate, making it simple for everyone to join in on the fun.

• Lightning-Fast Bitcoin Payments: With the Lightning Network, placing your bets and making predictions is faster and easier than ever. Enjoy seamless transactions while you cheer for your favorite teams!

"Predyx is excited to be part of this innovative partnership," said Derek. "We’re bringing fans a new way to interact with the game they love, all while using the fast and secure Lightning Network."

Predyx is a Bitcoin-native prediction market platform running on the Lightning Network. We’re building the fastest, most trust-minimized betting engine in the world — no deposits, instant payouts, sats-native, and degen-friendly.

Global Sports Central 🌐 Your daily spin around the sports world 🔄 Stay in the loop with the latest scores, stories, and stats.

GSC360 - Where Every Angle Matters

@ f0fd6902:a2fbaaab

https://stacker.news/items/1005372

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

In a quiet coastal town where summer lingered like a forgotten song, lived an old gardener named Ali. His home sat at the edge of the cliffs, where ocean wind tossed sea spray into the air and the sun kissed everything golden. Ali’s garden was a legend of tulips that sang with color, vines that danced in the breeze, and trees that whispered stories to anyone who would listen.

But Ali had grown frail. His hands, once strong, now trembled. His memory sometimes slipped like sand through a sieve. Yet every day, he tended the plants. Not because he needed them but because they still needed him.

One autumn, a young boy named Ben moved into the neighboring house. Ben had not spoken a word since losing his mother the year before. He would sit for hours at the fence, watching Ali work.

Ali never asked him to speak. Instead, he gave Ben a sunflower seed.

“Plant it,” he said. “And believe in the bloom.”

Ben did.

The next day, Ali gave him a cracked watering can. The next, a rusty trowel. Day by day, silence became action. The boy mimicked Ali’s movements. Dug soil. Watered. Waited.

Then winter came fast. A cruel one.

One morning, Ali was gone.

The town whispered, “The gardener has passed.” Snow dusted the garden. The plants withered. Ben stood before the tiny sunflower shoot and wept silently.

But spring arrived timid and uncertain.

And from the earth, a single sunflower broke through.

Ben spoke his first words in months to the flower.

“You’re not alone.”

And in a voice that cracked but carried, he added, “Neither am I.”

Moral: Even after loss, life finds a way. Sometimes, a single leaf can carry the weight of hope for someone else.

@ ae9dc5ef:77f0ed87

I'm excited to announce that Nostr Game Engine just reached its first development milestone: v0.0.

What is Nostr Game Engine?

Nostr Game Engine is built on top of the modular and proven jMonkeyEngine.

What sets it apart? Its internals are being gradually replaced with Nostr-powered modules, turning it into a reference engine purpose-built for decentralized games.

This first release delivers these key capabilities:

Peer-to-Peer Networking

Forget centralized game servers. Nostr Game Engine gives you real P2P multiplayer, using WebRTC for data streaming and Nostr relays for coordination.

Want to dig deeper? This is a draft NIP that is a revised version of this other draft NIP, that details how the signaling works.

WebRTC is already a solid and reliable peer-to-peer protocol, equipped with a full set of NAT traversal capabilities, but its signaling phase typically relies on specialized central servers.

By coupling WebRTC with Nostr, we take signaling decentralized too by relying on a network of dumb public relays that are oblivious to what encrypted data we send to them and are easily replaceable.

(see the documentation for more info)

Nostr Authentication & Gamertags

NGE has a fully managed Nostr Auth flow, with support for NIP-49 encrypted local nsecs and  NIP-46 remote signers.

It also fully handles metadata, including external identities:  your profile picture, display name, and other details can carry over between games, and even from other Nostr clients and communities.

This release is also introducing Gamertags: persistent gaming handles tied to your Nostr pubkey. They are like Xbox Gamertags or the old Discord handle, but they’re decentralized and follow you across any game that supports them (check this draft nip for more info).

Match Making

While matchmaking is planned for a later milestone on the roadmap, this release ships with an early implementation to help test RTC connections.

This initial implementation has the APIs to create lobbies that are discoverable and optionally password-protected. Players can search and filter for lobbies using both client-side and relay-side filtering, depending on what the relay supports.

Right now, you can’t see how many players are in a lobby, and the feature is still a bit rough around the edges, but it's a solid start, and more improvements are coming as we move further along the roadmap.

The cool part? You don’t even need to know Nostr is running under the hood. The engine exposes simple APIs like createLobby, findLobbies, and connectToLobby, the developer can call them when needed, and the engine handles all the relay querying and data stitching behind the scenes.

(see the documentation for more info)

A new Nostr Client Library

The engine uses a new Nostr client library built from scratch, designed for performance, asynchronicity, and memory efficiency. It’s lean, fast, and built to be the foundation for everything that comes next.

Cross-Platform and language of choice

The entire codebase is written mostly in Java, and it builds natively for Linux, macOS, and Windows.

Support for Android, iOS, and Web Browsers is on the roadmap.

What has been built so far?

• Version 0.0, with the core features mentioned above

• Documentation covering the key components of the engine

• An app template to help bootstrap projects and experiment with the engine

• An high performance and portable nostr client library

• A tech demo (more on that later)

So now, you can get a real feel for the engine, see what it does, play around with it, and maybe even start experimenting with your own ideas.

Roadmap

This is just the beginning. There is a full roadmap on the website.

Upcoming milestones include ads, deeper identity features, and tools that make decentralized game development as smooth as possible.

Sea of Nostriches

This is a demo built for this release. 

You start alone in an open ocean with a boat, nothing much at first. 

But as soon as another player joins (another peer), your boat begins sending data directly to theirs via peer-to-peer communication. You’ll see this visualized as a stream of numbers moving between boats in game.

If you have a profile picture set, it’ll automatically appear on your boat’s sail, and you’ll see others’ profile pictures on theirs.

That’s the core of it. 

It is not a real game, as there is nothing really to do, no lag compensation, no score etc… but it is a decent reference, and an “integration test” for this release.

There’s a lot more going on behind the scenes, like how the ocean is simulated or how rendering is handled, but that’s beyond the scope of this post. You can check out the full source code on GitHub, along with native builds for all supported platforms and a portable JAR.

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That’s all for now! Huge thanks go to nostr:nprofile1qythwumn8ghj7ct5d3shxtnwdaehgu3wd3skuep0qyt8wumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgtcqypu8xwr40lp96ewdj2fef408wy70gd3carf9n6xu7hrnhq6whpgly925h0z for making this possible. Their support allows me to dedicate full-time effort to this project and contribute to the growth of the Nostr ecosystem.

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Check out the website at ngengine.org and browse the docs at ngengine.org/docs if you want to dig deeper.

Feel free to come up with any questions. I’ll do my best to answer.

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

News

• Bitcoin mining centralization in 2025. According to a blog post by b10c, Bitcoin mining was at its most decentralized in May 2017, with another favorable period from 2019 to 2022. However, starting in 2023, mining has become increasingly centralized, particularly due to the influence of large pools like Foundry and the use of proxy pooling by entities such as AntPool.

Source: b10c's blog.

• OpenSats announces the eleventh wave of Nostr grants. The five projects in this wave are the mobile live-streaming app Swae, the Nostr-over-ham-radio project HAMSTR, Vertex—a Web-of-Trust (WOT) service for Nostr developers, Nostr Double Ratchet for end-to-end encrypted messaging, and the Nostr Game Engine for building games and applications integrated with the Nostr ecosystem.
• New Spiral grantee: l0rinc. In February 2024, l0rinc transitioned to full-time work on Bitcoin Core. His efforts focus on performance benchmarking and optimizations, enhancing code quality, conducting code reviews, reducing block download times, optimizing memory usage, and refactoring code.
• Project Eleven offers 1 BTC to break Bitcoin's cryptography with a quantum computer. The quantum computing research organization has introduced the Q-Day Prize, a global challenge that offers 1 BTC to the first team capable of breaking an elliptic curve cryptographic (ECC) key using Shor’s algorithm on a quantum computer. The prize will be awarded to the first team to successfully accomplish this breakthrough by April 5, 2026.
• Unchained has launched the Bitcoin Legacy Project. The initiative seeks to advance the Bitcoin ecosystem through a bitcoin-native donor-advised fund platform (DAF), investments in community hubs, support for education and open-source development, and a commitment to long-term sustainability with transparent annual reporting.
  • In its first year, the program will provide support to Bitcoin hubs in Nashville, Austin, and Denver.
  • Support also includes $50,000 to the Bitcoin Policy Institute, a $150,000 commitment at the University of Austin, and up to $250,000 in research grants through the Bitcoin Scholars program.

"Unchained will match grants 1:1 made to partner organizations who support Bitcoin Core development when made through the Unchained-powered bitcoin DAF, up to 1 BTC," was stated in a blog post.

• Block launched open-source tools for Bitcoin treasury management. These include a dashboard for managing corporate bitcoin holdings and provides a real-time BTC-to-USD price quote API, released as part of the Block Open Source initiative. The company’s own instance of the bitcoin holdings dashboard is available here.

Source: block.xyz

• Bull Bitcoin expands to Mexico, enabling anyone in the country to receive pesos from anywhere in the world straight from a Bitcoin wallet. Additionally, users can now buy Bitcoin with a Mexican bank account.

"Bull Bitcoin strongly believes in Bitcoin’s economic potential in Mexico, not only for international remittances and tourism, but also for Mexican individuals and companies to reclaim their financial sovereignty and protect their wealth from inflation and the fragility of traditional financial markets," said Francis Pouliot, Founder and CEO of Bull Bitcoin.

• Corporate bitcoin holdings hit a record high in Q1 2025. According to Bitwise, public companies' adoption of Bitcoin has hit an all-time high. In Q1 2025, these firms collectively hold over 688,000 BTC, marking a 16.11% increase from the previous quarter. This amount represents 3.28% of Bitcoin's fixed 21 million supply.

Source: Bitwise.

• The Bitcoin Bond Company for institutions has launched with the aim of acquiring $1 trillion in Bitcoin over 21 years. It utilizes secure, transparent, and compliant bond-like products backed by Bitcoin.
• The U.S. Senate confirmed Paul Atkins as Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). At his confirmation hearing, Atkins emphasized the need for a clear framework for digital assets. He aims to collaborate with the CFTC and Congress to address jurisdiction and rulemaking gaps, aligning with the Trump administration's goal to position the U.S. as a leader in Bitcoin and blockchain finance.
• Ethereum developer Virgil Griffith has been released from custody. Griffith, whose sentence was reduced to 56 months, is now seeking a pardon. He was initially sentenced to 63 months for allegedly violating international sanctions laws by providing technical advice on using cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology to evade sanctions during a presentation titled 'Blockchains for Peace' in North Korea.
• No-KYC exchange eXch to close down under money laundering scrutiny. The privacy-focused cryptocurrency trading platform said it will cease operations on May 1. This decision follows allegations that the platform was used by North Korea's Lazarus Group for money laundering. eXch revealed it is the subject of an active "transatlantic operation" aimed at shutting down the platform and prosecuting its team for "money laundering and terrorism."
• Blockstream combats ESP32 FUD concerning Jade signers. The company stated that after reviewing the vulnerability disclosed in early March, Jade was found to be secure. Espressif Systems, the designer of the ESP32, has since clarified that the "undocumented commands" do not constitute a "backdoor."

• Bank of America is lobbying for regulations that favor banks over tech firms in stablecoin issuance. The bank's CEO Brian Moynihan is working with groups such as the American Bankers Association to advance the issuance of a fully reserved, 1:1 backed "Bank of America coin." If successful, this could limit stablecoin efforts by non-banks like Tether, Circle, and others, reports The Block.
• Tether to back OCEAN Pool with its hashrate. "As a company committed to financial freedom and open access, we see supporting decentralization in Bitcoin mining as essential to the network’s long-term integrity," said Tether CEO Paolo Ardoino.
• Bitdeer to expand its self-mining operations to navigate tariffs. The Singapore-based mining company is advancing plans to produce machines in the U.S. while reducing its mining hardware sales. This response is in light of increasing uncertainties related to U.S. trade policy, as reported by Bloomberg.
• Tether acquires $32M in Bitdeer shares. The firm has boosted its investment in Bitdeer during a wider market sell-off, with purchases in early to mid-April amounting to about $32 million, regulatory filings reveal.
• US Bitcoin miner manufacturer Auradine has raised $153 million in a Series C funding round as it expands into AI infrastructure. The round was led by StepStone Group and included participation from Maverick Silicon, Premji Invest, Samsung Catalyst Fund, Qualcomm Ventures, Mayfield, MARA Holdings, GSBackers, and other existing investors. The firm raised to over $300 million since its inception in 2022.
• Voltage has partnered with BitGo to [enable](https://www.voltage.cloud/blog/bitgo-and-voltage-team-up-to-deliver-instant-bitcoin-and-stabl

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

El Salvador – June 3, 2025 — The grassroots Bitcoin community of El Salvador is proud to announce the return of Bitcoin Week, taking place this November with five dynamic events celebrating Bitcoin adoption, education, and community-led innovation.

Join us for a week of inspiration, collaboration, and impact.

Bitcoin Week 2025 calendar

📍 November 12 – Bitcoin Education Celebration Gala: Kick off the week in style with a luxurious and intimate evening at a high-class dinner, celebrating “proof of work” and the achievements of the Bitcoin education movement.
Expect major plans for the year(s) ahead but also a reflection to past proof-of-work—and don’t miss out on the Great Grassroots Giveaway, included with every ticket.

📍 November 13 – Bitcoin Educators Unconference: Hosted for the third time in San Salvador at Cadejo Montaña, this sixth edition of the Educators Unconference embodies our commitment to provide a space for decentralized, community-led conversations.
Join educators and leaders shaping the global Bitcoin conversation!

📍 November 14–15 – Adopting Bitcoin: The Network Effect: Now in its fifth year, Adopting Bitcoin returns with a powerful focus on real-world Bitcoin usage across global communities.
This year’s theme—The Network Effect—explores how interconnected local initiatives can spark exponential growth in adoption.

📍 November 16 – Visit Bitcoin Beach, El Zonte: Make your way to Bitcoin Beach, the heart of El Salvador’s Bitcoin story. Enjoy a day of connection and discovery in this iconic beachside town. Full details coming soon.

📍 November 22–23 – Economía Bitcoin, Berlín: Head to the town of Berlín, El Salvador for the second edition of Economía Bitcoin, a powerful, small-scale conference and festival focused on circular economies and practical Bitcoin use.
Spend sats freely in town and see how local action drives global impact.

With five unique events across three regions in Bitcoin Country, this edition of Bitcoin Week is your chance to experience El Salvador’s Bitcoin journey up close. Whether you’re an educator, builder, Bitcoiner, or simply curious—you’re invited.

Join us this November. Be part of the movement.

@ f0fd6902:a2fbaaab

From my end, it s not one thing but a sentence:

A borderless world in a decentralized economy, where age, sex, race, religion... have not labels in a society where human are sovereigns.

https://stacker.news/items/1005361

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

Paris, France – June 6, 2025 — Bitcoin payment gateway startup Flash, just announced a new partnership with the “Bitcoin Only Brewery”, marking the first-ever beverage company to leverage Lightning payments.

Flash enables Bitcoin Only Brewery to offer its “BOB” beer with, no-KYC (Know Your Customer) delivery across Europe, priced at 19,500 sats (~$18) for the 4-pack, shipping included.

The cans feature colorful Bitcoin artwork while the contents promise a hazy pale ale: “Each 33cl can contains a smooth, creamy mouthfeel, hazy appearance and refreshing Pale Ale at 5% ABV,” reads the product description.

Pierre Corbin, Co-Founder of Flash, commented:

“Currently, bitcoin is used more as a store of value but usage for payments is picking up. Thanks to new innovation on Lightning, bitcoin is ready to go mainstream for e-commerce sales.”

Flash, launched its 2.0 version in March 2025 with the goal to provide the easiest bitcoin payment gateway for businesses worldwide. The platform is non-custodial and can enable both digital and physical shops to accept bitcoin by connecting their own wallets to Flash.

By leveraging the scalability of the Lightning Network, Flash ensures instant, low-cost transactions, addressing on-chain Bitcoin bottlenecks like high fees and long wait times.

For businesses interested in adopting Bitcoin payments, Flash offers a straightforward onboarding process, low fees, and robust support for both digital and physical goods. To learn more, visit paywithflash.com.

Media Contact:
Pierre Corbin
Co-Founder, Flash
Email: press@paywithflash.com
Website: paywithflash.com

About Flash

Flash is the easiest Bitcoin payment gateway for businesses to accept payments. Supporting both digital and physical enterprises, Flash leverages the Lightning Network to enable fast, low-cost Bitcoin transactions. Launched in its 2.0 version in March 2025, Flash is at the forefront of driving Bitcoin adoption in e-commerce.

About Bitcoin Only Brewery

Bitcoin Only Brewery (@Drink_B0B) is a pioneering beverage company dedicated to the Bitcoin ethos, offering high-quality beers payable exclusively in Bitcoin. With a commitment to personal privacy, the brewery delivers across Europe with no-KYC requirements.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Remixpoint Invests ¥887 Million More Into Bitcoin

Remixpoint Inc. (3825.T), a management consulting services company, announced it has purchased ¥887.3 million worth of Bitcoin, acquiring 55.68 BTC at an average price of ¥15.94 million per coin. 

JUST IN: Remixpoint just keeps buying more #bitcoin. Another 55.68 BTC today and they now have a total of 981.39 BTC. pic.twitter.com/mTkZg8mNO4

— NLNico (@btcNLNico) June 12, 2025

Following this purchase, the company now holds a total of 981.39 BTC, with a market value of approximately ¥15.63 billion. The unrealized gain on its Bitcoin holdings stands at ¥2.32 billion, reflecting their confidence in Bitcoin’s long term value. The funds came from the exercise of stock acquisition rights conducted on June 10.

Remixpoint Inc. is a Japanese company that started in the auto and energy sectors but has changed toward digital assets. It’s one of the few public companies in Japan actively holding Bitcoin, seeing it as both a store of value and a hedge against the weakening yen. Their move highlights a growing shift in Japan’s corporate space toward Bitcoin adoption.

Bitcoin has been so strong over the years that even in Japan, more companies are adding it to their balance sheets. It all started with Metaplanet, which was originally a hotel and hospitality company. In 2024, they shifted their strategy entirely and began accumulating Bitcoin as a treasury asset. That move caught the attention of investors and marked a turning point in Japan’s corporate approach to digital assets. Since then, Metaplanet has leaned fully into the Bitcoin thesis, positioning itself as Japan’s version of Strategy.

Recently, Metaplanet also announced its “555 Million Plan,” aiming to acquire 210,000 BTC, which is about 1% of Bitcoin’s total supply, by the end of 2027. This represents a major step up from its original “21 Million Plan,” which aimed for just 21,000 BTC. As of June 2, the company had already secured 8,888 BTC, far ahead of schedule and signaling strong momentum in its accumulation strategy.

Metaplanet has launched Asia’s largest-ever equity raise dedicated to Bitcoin:
¥770.9 billion (~$5.4B) capital raise
555 million shares via moving strike warrants
First in Japan: issued at a premium to market — enabled by Metaplanet’s high volatility and deep liquidity… pic.twitter.com/UlXHneyDzo

— Simon Gerovich (@gerovich) June 6, 2025

To fund this effort, Metaplanet launched Japan’s first moving strike warrant structure, issuing 555 million shares to raise approximately ¥770.9 billion. The plan was approved following a 10-for-1 stock split and a shareholder vote to increase authorized shares. With robust BTC yield performance and growing investor backing, Metaplanet is quickly establishing itself as Japan’s most influential corporate player in the Bitcoin space.

This post Remixpoint Invests ¥887 Million More Into Bitcoin first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ f0fd6902:a2fbaaab

The Pallas cat wasn’t known to live on Mount Everest until a National Geographic Expedition in 2019 made a surprising discovery. The research team, made up of scientists from eight different countries, unexpectedly found Pallas feces in the Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal. “It is phenomenal to discover proof of this rare and remarkable species at the top of the world,” said Dr Tracie Seimon of the Wildlife Conservation Society’s Zoological Health Program.

These irritated-looking kitties live at high elevations throughout Asia and are considered “super predators,” meaning they are extremely successful at catching their prey. Analysis of scat revealed the feline is surving on pika within the mountain region.

https://stacker.news/items/1005336

@ f0fd6902:a2fbaaab

Panpsychism is the view that mentality is fundamental and ubiquitous in the natural world. The view has a long and venerable history in philosophical traditions of both East and West, and has recently enjoyed a revival in analytic philosophy. For its proponents panpsychism offers an attractive middle way between physicalism on the one hand and dualism on the other. The worry with dualism—the view that mind and matter are fundamentally different kinds of thing—is that it leaves us with a radically disunified picture of nature, and the deep difficulty of understanding how mind and brain interact. And whilst physicalism offers a simple and unified vision of the world, this is arguably at the cost of being unable to give a satisfactory account of the emergence of human and animal consciousness. Panpsychism, strange as it may sound on first hearing, promises a satisfying account of the human mind within a unified conception of nature.

For more details: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/panpsychism/

https://stacker.news/items/1005324

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Passport Prime: A New Security Device For a New Generation

Passport Prime, Foundation Devices’ latest retail hardware wallet, is about to hit the market in Q3 of 2025. The device features a full-color touch screen the size of a credit card with a modern industrial aesthetic. It aims to be a developer platform for Bitcoin and crypto software with high security demands.

Besides serving the basic wallet needs of Bitcoin users, the device is designed as an open source platform for app developers to bring a new experience of crypto-native cybersecurity to the public. The Passport Prime is expected to ship with a powerful Bitcoin wallet app, as well as virtual YubiKeys, a 2FA app, a seed vault for imported or low-value crypto wallets, 50 GB of storage, NFC, and encrypted Bluetooth support, among other features.

Frustrated with the public’s lackluster adoption of hardware wallets as the crypto industry enters the mainstream adoption phase, Foundation has been working since 2020 to bring security hardware devices to feature parity with mainstream consumer technology. However, the path is not simple.

The Adoption Problem of Hardware Wallets

Hardware wallets have been a critical security product for Bitcoin users since 2014 when Satoshi Labs created the Trezor. Before that, users had few options, and many of the funds lost in that era were due to user ignorance of how to manage and properly secure private keys in Bitcoin. Armory, funded by Trace Mayer in the early days, was one of the first solutions but it was highly technical and was best used with hardware the user had to modify themselves — like removing antennas from a laptop. This kind of technology became a security foundation for exchanges, who, through many hacks and hard lessons, slowly got better at securing user funds from organized crime and hackers while playing jurisdictional arbitrage to avoid hostile governments.

As the first hardware wallets started to enter the retail market, significant adoption was seen. With the massive growth of Bitcoin since its inception, the best security practices have failed to keep up with the ease of use provided by custodians while also failing to deliver security and feature parity to users in an interface they are familiar with.

In a keynote presentation on the Passport Prime landing page, Zach Herbert, CEO and co-founder of Foundation, explains their analysis of the market and why they believe only 2.5% of the market is using hardware wallets today, despite mainstream adoption of digital assets like Bitcoin — a concern felt across the industry that too many people are getting accustomed to custodial services.

The small screens, iconic to the hardware wallet ecosystem, are often a barrier for users. The shape of the device, often small and with few buttons, can make people nervous, especially when the wrong combination of clicks means an irreversible financial transaction.

In the case of touchscreen devices like the Trezor T, while certainly an improvement from the Trezor One, the buttons are still far smaller than what the public is used to for smartphones, the most prolific computer platform of this era.

The problem with trying to bring hardware wallets to feature parity with mobile phones is the massive complexity introduced by the corresponding software and hardware. Mobile phones, after all, are designed for mass manufacturing and with ease-of-use priorities in mind, rather than securing life-changing amounts of digital currency, which, once sent, cannot be reversed.

The hardware wallet industry has had to build out open source, verifiable, security-optimized hardware and software that addresses top security concerns, while also delivering a familiar and comfortable user experience to the public. In general, the industry recognizes the need for bigger screens and bigger buttons, as seen in new models by Ledger, for example, with their Ledger Stax, and, of course, Coldcard Q’s Blackberry-style hardware wallet.

When asked why not just try to build on top of a standard mobile phone platform, Owen Kemeys, hardware designer at Foundation Devices, told Bitcoin Magazine that “there’s a huge advantage to Passport Prime being a separate security device,” adding that “we need this stuff to work for the normal people. They are not going to be able to understand or have any interest in understanding what makes something safe or unsafe on their phone. Even if they were going so far as to have a dedicated phone for secret stuff or whatever. Everything that we develop, Apple and Google could bake into their phones and tell you it’s safe. But if it’s in a separate device that is built to do that one exact thing, then you know, OK, if it happens on the Passport Prime, it’s safe.”

The Passport Prime Feature Set

Foundation believes they have found an optimal and preferable middle ground between high security and a familiar user experience in a mobile phone-style device, but with very specific hardware and software inside. Kemeys explained that “the Passport Prime runs its own operating system,” adding that “We’re not running a fork of Android or something and then dressing it up differently. We wrote this from the ground up in Rust. It’s called KeyOS. It’s designed for this one purpose of running a smartphone-like experience, but with sandboxed apps.”

The wallet-related cryptography that’s normal to today’s Bitcoin and crypto wallets is also deeply integrated with the operating system. A master seed phrase is set up by the user; the seed’s corresponding master private and public keys are then used to derive secure, isolated keys for other apps on the Passport Prime. “All apps are sandboxed and receive hardened child seeds, meaning that even if an app is malicious, it has no access to the master seed and cannot communicate with other apps,” Herbert explained in his presentation.

This design builds the foundations necessary for secure app development on top of the Passport Prime, unique among hardware wallet manufacturers. While Ledger has made some progress in that direction, Herbert says that the Ledger operating system is very restrictive with such apps — primarily out of security concerns  — making it difficult for developers to contribute to the ecosystem. Foundation believes they have solved the problem, unlocking a new kind of security device that can be used for more than cold storage of Bitcoin and crypto assets. It is a security platform for everyday use in the digital era.

As is generally expected of high-security devices like a hardware wallet, the Passport Prime comes without most of the normal sensors or antennas found in mobile devices. No Wi-Fi, no GPS, and no SIM card, of course. However, NFC, an increasingly popular communications module in hardware wallets and in payments technology in general, is included. NFC has a very short signal range and depends on power from the device sending the signal, making it a fairly secure protocol and bringing Bitcoin closer to the tap-to-pay credit card experience the general public is used to.

“We now have an NFC reader inside,” Kemeys explained, excited about the innovation space unlocked by NFC chips in Bitcoin. “As part of your onboarding setup, in the box, we’re going to ship three NFC cards with the Prime. And as our default onboarding workflow, we’re going to encourage people to make a two-of-three Shamir setup, and back up the shares onto some of those cards.”

Shamir secret sharing is an old and well-known cryptographic algorithm similar to multisignature schemes in Bitcoin but entirely off-chain. It allows users to grab a master private key and split it into shares that can come together later to recreate and recover

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

Autor: Caitlin Johnstone. Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier. Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie in unserem Telegram-Kanal.

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Die neuesten Artikel der Friedenstaube gibt es jetzt auch im eigenen Friedenstaube-Telegram-Kanal.

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Israel hat eine umfangreiche Serie von Luftangriffen auf den Iran gestartet.

Die westlichen Medien übernehmen natürlich unhinterfragt die faktenfreie Behauptung der israelischen Regierung, dass diese Angriffe „präventiv“ waren.

Das Trump-Regime versucht, dies als einen völlig einseitigen israelischen Angriff darzustellen, der nichts mit den Vereinigten Staaten zu tun habe - eine Behauptung, die man durchaus glauben könnte, wenn man gestern geboren wäre.

Hier ist eine Liste von Schlagzeilen, die wir in Zukunft von der New York Times erwarten können:

• Iranische Angriffe erschüttern Israel in einem unprovozierten Angriff.

• Israelische Familien suchen Schutz bei antisemitischem Terroranschlag.

• Israelischer Verteidigungsminister: US-Campus-Demonstranten wussten irgendwie von iranischen Angriffen im Voraus, was auf eine Koordination mit Teheran hindeutet.

• Trump äußert privat seine Frustration mit Netanjahu über den Iran-Konflikt, dem die USA nur passiv und unschuldig beiwohnen.

• Amerikanische Juden fühlen sich inmitten der sich zuspitzenden Kriege im Nahen Osten verunsichert und nicht unterstützt.

• Meine Meinung: Ich habe bei den Luftangriffen auf Tel Aviv um mein Leben gefürchtet. Niemand auf der Welt kann sich vorstellen, wie das ist.

• Meinung: Besteht die Gefahr, dass die USA in einen weiteren Krieg im Nahen Osten hineingezogen werden?

• Meinung: Stolpern die USA in einen weiteren Krieg im Nahen Osten?

• Meinung: Stolpern die USA versehentlich in einen weiteren Krieg im Nahen Osten?

• Meinung: Werden die USA mit Füßen getreten und in einen Krieg im Nahen Osten hineingezogen, den sie seit jeher um jeden Preis zu vermeiden versuchen?

• USA starten Präventivschlag gegen den Iran.

• Ihre Meinung: Werden die USA in einen dritten Weltkrieg hineingezogen?

• Meinung: Taumeln die USA kopfüber in einen nuklearen Schlagabtausch mit Russland und China?

• Meinung: Der Himmel verdunkelt sich, während nukleare Strahlung über unser Land kriecht, deshalb müssen wir alle zusammenkommen und die Hamas verurteilen.

• Meinung: Die Erde ist ein unfruchtbares Ödland. Nichts bleibt übrig. Schauen Sie nach Ihren jüdischen Freunden.

Dieser Text erschien zuerst auf englisch auf dem Substack-Blog der Autorin.

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LASSEN SIE DER FRIEDENSTAUBE FLÜGEL WACHSEN!

Hier können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt.

Schon jetzt können Sie uns unterstützen:

• Für 50 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo der Friedenstaube.
• Für 120 CHF/EURO bekommen Sie ein Jahresabo und ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
• Für 500 CHF/EURO werden Sie Förderer und bekommen ein lebenslanges Abo sowie ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
• Ab 1000 CHF werden Sie Genossenschafter der Friedenstaube mit Stimmrecht (und bekommen lebenslanges Abo, T-Shirt/Hoodie).

Für Einzahlungen in CHF (Betreff: Friedenstaube):

Für Einzahlungen in Euro:

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Betreff: Friedenstaube

Wenn Sie auf anderem Wege beitragen wollen, schreiben Sie die Friedenstaube an: friedenstaube@pareto.space

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Sie sind noch nicht auf Nostr and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil! Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf Start. Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im Pareto-Wiki.

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

The latest AI chips, 8K displays, and neural processing units make your device feel like a pocket supercomputer. So surely, with all this advancement, you can finally mine bitcoin on your phone profitably, right?

The 2025 Hardware Reality: Can You Mine Bitcoin on Your Phone

Despite remarkable advances in smartphone technology, the fundamental physics of bitcoin mining haven’t changed. In 2025, flagship devices with their cutting-edge 2nm processors can achieve approximately 25-40 megahashes per second when you mine bitcoin on your phone—a notable improvement from previous generations, but still laughably inadequate.

Meanwhile, 2025’s top-tier ASIC miners have evolved dramatically. The latest Bitmain Antminer S23 series and Canaan AvalonMiner A15 Pro deliver 200-300 terahashes per second while consuming 4,000-5,500 watts. That’s a performance gap of roughly 1:8,000,000 between when you mine bitcoin on your phone and professional mining equipment.

To put this in perspective that hits home: if you mine bitcoin on your phone and it earned you one penny, professional miners would earn $80,000 in the same time period with the same effort. It’s not just an efficiency problem—it’s a complete category mismatch.

According to Pocket Option’s 2025 analysis, when you mine bitcoin on your phone in 2025, you generate approximately $0.003-0.006 in daily revenue while consuming $0.45-0.85 in electricity through constant charging cycles. Factor in the accelerated device wear (estimated at $0.75-1.20 daily depreciation), and you’re looking at losses of $1.20-2.00 per day just for the privilege of running mining software.

Mining Economic Factor

Precise Value (April 2025)

Direct Impact on Profitability

Smartphone sustained hash rate

20-35 MH/s

0.00000024% contribution to global hashrate

Daily power consumption

3.2-4.8 kWh (4-6 full charges)

$0.38-0.57 at average US electricity rates

Expected daily BTC earnings

0.0000000086 BTC ($0.0035 at $41,200 BTC)

Revenue covers only 0.9% of electricity costs

CPU/GPU wear cost

$0.68-0.92 daily accelerated depreciation

Reduces smartphone lifespan by 60-70%

Annual profit projection

-$386 to -$412 per year

Guaranteed negative return on investment

Source: PocketOption

Bitcoin’s 2025 Network: Harder Than Ever

Bitcoin’s network difficulty in 2025 has reached unprecedented levels. After the April 2024 halving event that reduced block rewards from 6.25 to 3.125 BTC, mining became significantly more competitive. The global hash rate now exceeds 800 exahashes per second—that’s 800 followed by 18 zeros worth of computational power securing the network.

Here’s what this means in practical terms: Bitcoin’s mining difficulty adjusts every 2,016 blocks (roughly every two weeks) to maintain the 10-minute block time. As more efficient miners join the network, difficulty increases proportionally. In 2025, mining difficulty has increased compared to 2024, making small-scale mining even less viable.

The math is unforgiving:

• Global Bitcoin hash rate: 828.96 EH/s
• Your smartphone’s contribution: ~0.000000003%
• Probability of solo mining a block: Virtually zero
• Expected time to mine one Bitcoin: Several million years

Even joining mining pools doesn’t solve the economic problem. Pool fees typically range from 1-3%, and your minuscule contribution would earn proportionally tiny rewards—far below the electricity and device depreciation costs.

The 2025 Scam Evolution: More Sophisticated, More Dangerous

Fraudsters now leverage AI-generated content, fake influencer endorsements, and impressive-looking apps that simulate realistic mining activity to entice you to mine bitcoin on your phone.

New 2025 scam tactics include:

AI-Powered Fake Testimonials: Deepfake videos of supposed successful mobile miners showing fabricated earnings statements and encouraging downloads of malicious apps.

Gamified Mining Interfaces: Apps that look and feel like legitimate games but secretly harvest personal data while simulating mining progress that can never be withdrawn.

Social Media Manipulation: Coordinated campaigns across TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube featuring fake “financial influencers” promoting mobile mining apps to younger audiences.

Subscription Trap Mining: Apps offering “free trials” that automatically charge $19.99-49.99 monthly for “premium mining speeds” while delivering no actual mining capability.

Recent cybersecurity research shows that over 180 fake mining apps were discovered across major app stores in 2025, with some accumulating more than 500,000 downloads before being removed.

Red flags that scream “scam” in 2025:

• Apps claiming “revolutionary mobile mining breakthrough”
• Promises of earning “$10-50 daily” from phone mining
• Requirements to recruit friends or watch ads to unlock withdrawals
• Apps that don’t require connecting to actual mining pools
• Testimonials that seem too polished or use stock photo models
• Apps requesting permissions unrelated to mining (contacts, camera, microphone)

The 2025 Professional Mining Landscape

To understand why, consider what professional bitcoin mining looks like in 2025. Industrial mining operations now resemble high-tech data centers with:

Cutting-edge hardware:

• Bitmain Antminer S23 Pro: 280 TH/s at 4,800W
• MicroBT WhatsMiner M56S++: 250 TH/s at 4,500W
• Canaan AvalonMiner A1566: 185 TH/s at 3,420W

Infrastructure requirements:

• Megawatt-scale power contracts with industrial electricity rates
• Liquid cooling systems maintaining 24/7 optimal temperatures
• Redundant internet connections ensuring zero downtime
• Professional facility management with 24/7 monitoring

For a small operation, you might need at least $10,000 to $20,000 to buy a few ASIC miners, set up cooling systems, and cover electricity costs. These operations employ teams of engineers, maintain relationships with power companies, and operate with margins measured in single-digit percentages.

2025’s Legitimate Mobile Bitcoin Strategies

While it remains impossible to mine bitcoin on your phone profitably, 2025 offers exciting legitimate ways to engage with bitcoin through your smartphone:

Lightning Network Participation: Apps like Phoenix, Breez, and Zeus allow you to run Lightning nodes on mobile devices, earning small routing fees while supporting bitcoin’s payment layer.

Bitcoin DCA Automation: Services enable automated dollar-cost averaging with amounts as small as $1 daily. Historical data shows $10 weekly bitcoin purchases consistently outperform any mobile mining attempt by 1,500-2,000%.

Educational Mining Simulators: Legitimate apps like “Bitcoin Mining Simulator” teach mining concepts without false earning promises. These educational tools help users understand hash rates, difficulty adjustments, and mining economics.

Stacking Sats Rewards: Apps offering bitcoin rewards for shopping, learning, or completing tasks.

Lightning Gaming: Bitcoin-native mobile games where players can earn sats through skilled gameplay, with some players earning $10 monthly.onfirm that even the most optimized mobile mining setups in 2025 lose money consistently and predictably.

The Bottom Line

When you mine bitcoin on your phone fundamental economics remain unchanged: it’s impossible to profit. The laws of physics, network competition, and energy efficiency create insurmountable barriers that no app can overcome.

However, 2025 offers unprecedented opportunities to engage with bitcoin meaningfully through your smartphone. Focus on education, legitimate earning opportunities, and strategic investment rather than chasing the impossible dream of phone-based mining.

The bitcoin community’s greatest strength lies in its commitment to truth over hype. When someone promises profits to mine bitcoin on your phone in 2025, they’re either uninformed or deliberately misleading you. Trust the mathematics, learn from the community, and build your bitcoin knowledge and holdings through proven methods.

The real opportunity in 2025 isn’t to mine bitcoin on your phone—it’s understanding bitcoin deeply enough to participate confidently in the most important monetary revolution of our lifetime. Your smartphone is the perfect tool for that education; it’s just not a mining rig.

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Jason Lowery’s thesis, Softwar: A Novel Theory on Power Projection and the National Strategic Significance of Bitcoin, reframes bitcoin not merely as digital cash but as a transformative security technology with profound implications for investors and nation-states alike.

For centuries, craft brewers understood that true innovation balanced tradition with experimentation—a delicate dance between established techniques and bold new flavors.

Much like the craft beer revolution reshaped a global industry, bitcoin represents a fundamental recalibration of how humans organize value and project power in the digital age.

The Antler in the Digital Forest: Power Projection

Lowery, a U.S. Space Force officer and MIT scholar, anchors his Softwar theory in a biological metaphor: Bitcoin as humanity’s “digital antler.” In nature, antlers allow animals like deer to compete for resources through non-lethal contests—sparring matches where power is demonstrated without fatal consequences. This contrasts sharply with wolves, who must resort to violent, potentially deadly fights to establish hierarchy.

The Human Power Dilemma: Historically, humans projected power and settled resource disputes through physical force—wars, seizures, or coercive control of assets. Even modern financial systems rely on abstract power structures: court orders, bank freezes, or government sanctions enforced by legal threat rather than immediate physical reality.

Lowery argues this creates inherent fragility: abstract systems can collapse when met with superior physical force (e.g., invasions, revolutions). Nature only respects physical power.

Bitcoin’s Physical Power Engine: Bitcoin introduces a novel solution through its proof-of-work consensus mechanism. Miners compete to solve computationally intense cryptographic puzzles, expending real-world energy (megawatts) to validate transactions and secure the network.

This process converts electricity—a tangible, physical resource—into digital security and immutable property rights. Winning a “block” is like winning a sparring match: it consumes significant resources (energy/cost) but is non-destructive.

The miner gains the right to write the next page of the ledger and collect rewards, but no participant is physically harmed, and no external infrastructure is destroyed.

Table: Traditional vs. Bitcoin-Based Power Systems

Power System

Mechanism

Key Vulnerability

Resource Cost

Traditional (Fiat/Banking)

Legal abstraction, threat of state force

Centralized points of failure, corruption, political change

Low immediate cost, high systemic risk

Military/Economic Coercion

Physical force, sanctions

Escalation, collateral damage, moral hazard

Very high (lives, capital, instability)

Bitcoin (Proof-of-Work)

Competition via energy expenditure

High energy cost, concentration risk (mining)

High energy cost, low systemic risk

Softwar Theory National Strategic Imperative: Governments Are Taking Notice

Lowery’s Softwar Theory has moved beyond academia into the corridors of power, shaping U.S. national strategy:

1. The Strategic Bitcoin Reserve: Vice President JD Vance recently framed bitcoin as an instrument projecting American values—”innovation, entrepreneurship, freedom, and lack of censorship”. State legislation is now underway to implement this reserve, preventing easy reversal by future administrations.
2. Regulatory Transformation: The SEC is shifting from an “enforcement-first” stance under previous leadership. New initiatives include:
   • Repealing Staff Accounting Bulletin 121 (SAB 121), which discouraged banks from custodying digital currency by forcing unfavorable balance sheet treatment.
   • Creating the Cyber and Emerging Technologies Unit (CETU) to develop clearer crypto registration/disclosure rules.

The Investor’s Lens: Scarcity, Security, and Asymmetric Opportunity

For investors, understanding “Softwar” validates bitcoin’s unique value proposition beyond price speculation:

• Digital Scarcity as Strategic Depth: Bitcoin’s fixed supply of 21 million makes it the only digital asset with truly inelastic supply, a programmed scarcity immune to political whims or central bank printing.

  This “scarcity imperative” acts as a natural antidote to global fiat debasement. As central banks expanded money supplies aggressively (Global M2), bitcoin’s price has shown strong correlation, acting as a pressure valve for inflation concerns. The quadrennial “halving” (latest: April 2024) mechanically reduces new supply, creating built-in supply shocks as adoption grows. * The Antifragile Security Feedback Loop: Bitcoin’s security isn’t static; it’s antifragile. The network strengthens through demand: * More users → More transactions → Higher fees → More miner revenue → More hashpower (computational security) → Greater network resilience → More user confidence.
  This self-reinforcing cycle contrasts sharply with traditional systems, where security is a cost center (e.g., bank security budgets, military spending). Bitcoin turns security into a profitable, market-driven activity. * Institutionalization Without Centralization: While institutional ownership via ETFs (like BlackRock’s IBIT) and corporate treasuries (MicroStrategy, Metaplanet) has surged, supply remains highly decentralized.

  Individuals still hold the largest share of bitcoin, preventing a dangerous concentration of control. Spot Bitcoin ETFs alone are projected to see over $20 billion in net inflows in 2025, demonstrating robust institutional capital allocation.

The Bitcoin Community: Building the Digital Antler’s Resilience

Lowery’s “Softwar” theory underscores why bitcoin’s decentralized architecture is non-negotiable. Its strength lies in the alignment of incentives across three participant groups:

1. Miners: Provide computational power (hashrate), validating transactions and securing the network. Incentivized by block rewards (newly minted BTC) and transaction fees. Their physical energy expenditure is the “muscle” behind the digital antler.
2. Nodes: Independently verify and enforce the protocol rules, maintaining the blockchain’s integrity. Run by users, businesses, and enthusiasts globally. They ensure decentralized consensus, preventing unilateral protocol changes.
3. Users: Individuals, institutions, and corporations holding, transacting, or building on bitcoin. Their demand drives transaction fees and fuels the security feedback loop.

This structure creates “Mutually Assured Preservation”. Attacking bitcoin requires overwhelming its global, distributed physical infrastructure (miners/nodes), a feat far more complex and costly than seizing a central bank’s gold vault or freezing a bank’s assets. It transforms financial security from a centralized liability into a decentralized, physically-grounded asset.

Risks & Responsibilities

Investors and policymakers must acknowledge persistent challenges:

• Volatility: Bitcoin remains volatile, though this has decreased as markets mature. Dollar-cost averaging (DCA) is widely recommended to mitigate timing risk.
• Regulatory Uncertainty: While U.S. policy is increasingly favorable, global coordination is lacking. The EU’s MiCAR regulation exemplifies divergent approaches.
• Security & Custody: While Bitcoin’s protocol is robust, user errors (lost keys) or exchange hacks remain risks.
• Environmental Debate: Proof-of-Work energy use is scrutinized, though mining increasingly uses stranded energy/renewables. Innovations continue.

Jason Lowery’s “Softwar” theory elevates bitcoin from a financial instrument to a socio-technological innovation on par with the invention of the corporation, the rule of law, or even the antler in evolutionary biology. It provides a coherent framework for understanding why:

• Nations like the U.S. are looking to establish bitcoin reserves and embracing stablecoins—they recognize bitcoin’s role in projecting economic power non-violently in the digital age.
• Institutional Investors are allocating billions via ETFs—they see a scarce, secure, uncorrelated asset with antifragile properties.
• Individuals in hyperinflationary economies or under authoritarian regimes use bitcoin—it offers self-sovereign wealth storage immune to seizure or debasement.

For the investor, bitcoin represents more than potential price appreciation. It offers exposure to a fundamental reorganization of how power and value are secured and exchanged globally, grounded not in abstract promises, but in the unyielding laws of physics and mathematics.

Like the brewers who balanced tradition with innovation to create something enduring and valuable, bitcoin pioneers are building the infrastructure for a more resilient digital future—one computationally secured block at a time. The “Softwar” is here, and it is reshaping the landscape of p

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从“出行规则”看监管逻辑与比特币的制度之道

FATF“出行规则”的治理逻辑与监管者的苦衷

金融行动特别工作组（FATF）在2019年推出“Travel Rule”（出行规则），试图将传统银行体系的反洗钱规制延伸至加密资产领域complyadvantage.com。这一规则要求虚拟资产服务商（VASPs）在转账过程中收集并传递交易双方的身份信息，使这些信息如同“随行护照”般伴随资金流动complyadvantage.com。其背后的治理逻辑不难理解：随着加密货币跨境使用的激增，监管者担心加密交易的匿名性为洗钱、恐怖融资提供了便利通道complyadvantage.com。因此，FATF将传统金融领域的第16号建议（关于跨境电汇信息）更新，明确要求加密交易同样附带发送人和接收人的姓名、地址等识别数据complyadvantage.comcomplyadvantage.com。这一举措体现了监管机构的苦衷：在犯罪分子利用技术躲避监管的现实下，他们感到有责任“补上漏洞”，即便这意味着套用旧有的银行规则到全新的区块链技术上。

然而，落实出行规则绝非易事。首先，不同司法管辖区行动步调不一，FATF多次批评各国实施进度缓慢，许多国家尚未将该规则转化为国内法complyadvantage.com。即使在已经执行的地区，监管部门也面临两难：既要防止非法资金流动，又担心过严管制扼杀金融创新。监管者的“苦衷”在于，他们既害怕被视作纵容犯罪，又担心被指责扼杀技术进步。出行规则要求VASPs收集详尽的客户身份信息，并在交易时与对方机构共享，这在实践中遇到技术和隐私保护方面的阻碍trisa.io。一些国家（如瑞士、新加坡）甚至在无最低金额门槛的情况下要求对所有交易执行该规则，欧盟更规定即使收款方是私人自管钱包也必须提交信息trisa.io。这种高标准加重了行业合规负担，使守法企业叫苦不迭，而不法分子则可能转入地下或转向无监管区域继续活动。可以说，监管机构陷入“猫抓老鼠”的困境：不推行吧，担心放任犯罪；推行过严吧，又恐打击面过广。正因如此，FATF在其2024年报告中承认出行规则的全球落实“严重滞后”complyadvantage.com，这既反映各国执法能力的差异，也凸显了此规则本身在新技术环境下的水土不服。

全球跨境资金与信息的系统性压制

出行规则的推行，从宏观上看是在全球金融体系施加新的“信息围墙”。一方面，它将原本开放的价值互联网重新划分为受监管的透明区和未监管的黑箱区。凡是跨过一定金额门槛（FATF建议为1000美元/欧元）的交易，都必须在链上绑定用户的实名信息complyadvantage.com。这意味着个人的资金流动和身份信息被深度绑定并广泛共享，一举打破了加密货币原有的准匿名特性。这种做法固然提升了追踪非法交易的可能性，但也埋下了系统性压制的隐患。正如业界联盟TRISA所警告的那样，将出行规则机械地套用于公开区块链，实则打造了一个集中存储个人隐私与财富信息的“数据金库”，极易成为黑客、犯罪组织甚至敌对政府垂涎的目标trisa.iotrisa.io。因为在传统银行体系下，账户账本是私密的，第三方难以直接获取交易明细；而在区块链上，一旦将姓名、地址等个人识别数据与公开的钱包地址关联，任何人都能通过链上记录分析出个人的财富状况和社交图谱trisa.io。这种对跨境资金和信息流动的全面记录与监控，实质上构成了对个人金融自由的系统性压制：人们在国际转账时不得不暴露隐私，否则交易将被拒之门外。更有甚者，一些国家已将这一逻辑无限延伸，例如中国公安机关提示即便一笔1000 USDT（泰达币）的转账都有可能被列入重点监控名单binance.com。当连如此小额的个人跨境交易都被严密审查时，金融交易所承载的信息自由流动已大打折扣。

从制度批判的视角看，这种全球范围的信息管制源自某些法律传统下对国家主权和税收控制的执念。在大陆法系传统中，国家往往通过成文法律对经济活动实施自上而下的强力规范，历史上形成了构筑信息壁垒以巩固主权和财政的路径依赖。例如许多大陆法系国家长期实行外汇管制和资本流动限制，以防范资金外逃、维护本国税基。这种做法虽出于主权自主的考虑，却与自由贸易要求的要素自由流动天然矛盾。研究表明，不同法律体系的国家在经贸合作模式上偏好迥异，法律传统差异往往成为国际经济一体化的无形藩篱，甚至导致经济关系的割裂cogitatiopress.com。典型案例如中国，对加密资产和稳定币采取高压监管，正是延续了其在资本项目下的信息管控传统。2024年链上数据显示，中国境内USDT跨境流动规模同比激增400%，日均交易额超过50亿美元binance.com。大量民间资金试图借助稳定币绕开官方的外汇管制，形成了一条隐蔽的“数字资金高速公路”binance.com。对此当局迅速祭出国家安全大旗，不仅将无证出入境资金视为重大风险隐患，甚至明确指出USDT等稳定币已成资本无序外逃的工具，必须强力封堵binance.combinance.com。在这一背景下，FATF出行规则等于为各国提供了一个合法理由，在全球范围内实施对跨境资金与信息的联合围堵：以打击洗钱之名，行资本管制之实。这套机制所产生的结构性效果，是在国际金融体系中嵌入了一种“默认不信任”的基调——跨境资金流动被一律视为潜在不法，必须层层验证、记录在案。其结果不仅压抑了资金与信息的自由流通，也为公民个人头上加装了“数字镣铐”，让人们在国际经贸往来中丧失匿名行动的选择权。

隐私协议的滥用：区块链匿名性的两面

在区块链世界中，隐私与匿名性原本被视作一项珍贵的技术特性，代表着去中心化金融对个人隐私权的尊重。然而，当缺乏法理自洽性和契约中立性的支撑，这种匿名性工具却易被犯罪集团所劫持，成为逃避监管的温床。以太坊上的“Tornado Cash”混币协议就是前车之鉴。作为一个去中心化的匿名交易服务，Tornado Cash初衷在于增强用户隐私，但由于缺少必要的合法约束和内部控制，一再被不法之徒利用：自2019年成立以来，该协议已被用于清洗超过70亿美元的犯罪收益，其中包括朝鲜黑客组织“拉撒路集团”在攻击Axie Infinity游戏桥后盗取的4.55亿美元secrss.com。2022年美国财政部更指出，尽管开发者声称Tornado Cash只是中立工具，但其并未采取哪怕基本的措施来阻止服务被反复用于恶意洗钱secrss.com。最终，美国OFAC直接将Tornado Cash列入制裁清单，以此警示加密行业：缺乏法理支撑的匿名协议，终将因为被滥用于洗钱而招致严厉监管惩罚secrss.com。

类似的情况也发生在波场（Tron）等链上。一些基于Tron的混币机制号称提供端到端加密、零知识证明等技术手段来隐匿交易来源sites.google.com。表面上看，这些系统满足了用户追求隐私的需求，但在现实中却成为电信诈骗、网络赌盘等犯罪链条的最爱。联合国毒品和犯罪办公室2024年的报告披露：Tron区块链上的泰达币（USDT）已成为网络诈骗、洗钱、非法赌博的首选工具int-comp.org。犯罪分子之所以偏爱Tron上的USDT，正因为它具备价格稳定、跨境转账手续费低、速度快等优势，可以在不引人注目的情况下快速大额转移资金int-comp.org。链上分析亦显示，高风险USDT转账有高达83%无法追溯最终去向，犯罪团伙通过混币器、地址拆分等技术手段把资金搞得支离破碎，以至于监管部门难以跟踪binance.com。这背后反映出一个发人深省的现象：当一套隐私工具本身没有内置中立的契约约束（如合法用途的限定或责任追踪机制），那么它的匿名性越强，越可能被不法势力挟持利用。波场USDT的大规模滥用已经引起各方警觉，Tron项目方甚至与稳定币发行商和区块链分析公司合作，成立“T3打击犯罪特别小组”，截止2024年底已冻结逾1亿美元涉嫌犯罪的USDTtrmlabs.comcointelegraph.com。可见，当匿名性的武器落入犯罪网络之手，技术提供者也不得不被动介入“事后补救”，这恰恰说明当初设计时若缺乏法理上的自我约束，最终仍要以行政手段清理残局。

隐私协议被滥用的另一面，还体现在某些区块链应用与既有法律文化格格不入。以太坊上的去中心化预测市场「Polymarket」提供了一种赌博式合约交易平台，用户可以下注现实事件的结果。然而从伊斯兰教法视角看，这类“预测市场”无异于赤裸裸的**赌博（Maysir）**行为——参与者纯粹为了不确定事件的结果赌上一把财富，得利者以他人损失为代价，没有创造任何实际价值blog.zoya.financeblog.zoya.finance。根据伊斯兰金融原则，任何脱离实体经济、以纯粹机会为基础获取收益的交易都被视为不道德且明令禁止blog.zoya.finance。因此，Polymarket之类的平台与伊斯兰法对契约合法性的根本要求完全不兼容。这提醒我们：区块链技术的创新若缺乏契约中立性（即契约不偏离基本的公平与道义原则），就容易触犯某些法律或宗教的底线，从而被视作无效甚至有害的合约。无论是Tornado Cash这样的匿名洗钱温床，Tron链上被诈骗集团操控的资金暗道，还是Polymarket式的“去中心化赌场”，这些系统都凸显出当技术试图凌驾法律和伦理时所面临的巨大风险。它们要么被政府如临大敌般封杀（正如Tornado Cash遭制裁），要么被正义力量反制清理（如Tether冻结波场诈骗资金reuters.com），要么在道义上遭到主流文化的排斥（如伊斯兰世界视预测赌博为禁忌）。这一系列教训昭示：区块链生态中的隐私与创新，必须建立在法理自洽和契约中立的基础上，否则技术越前卫，反噬也越猛烈。

比特币的保守式创新：技术中立与合约合法性的统一

在区块链的众多创新中，比特币无疑是一个特殊的存在。它被称为“保守派的创新”，乃因其在开创数字货币新时代的同时，恪守了一些朴素但持久的原则。首先，比特币的设计追求技术中立。中立并不意味着纵容匿名滥用，而是指比特币网络对任何参与者一视同仁，仅仅按照既定算法规则处理交易，无内置偏见或特殊权限。比特币交易记录公开透明，所有交易在全球共享的账本上广播确认，其匿名性是“假名制”（pseudonymous）而非无法穿透的黑箱。事实上，正是由于比特币交易记录可被区块链分析工具去匿名化，在过去几年中我们看到犯罪团伙对比特币的兴趣有所降低，反而转向了Monero等完全匿名币或Tron-USDT等更隐匿便捷的手段int-comp.orgint-comp.org。Chainalysis的最新报告显示，2024年稳定币已经取代比特币成为犯罪分子使用的主要加密货币，占非法交易量的63%，而比特币在非法用途中的占比显著下降int-comp.orgint-comp.org。这个趋势从反面印证了比特币系统“公开且中立”的特性天然抑制了部分洗钱和犯罪滥用：任何人在比特币区块链上大额频繁作恶，都更容易被全球监管机构捕捉线索，留下破案的蛛丝马迹。

其次，比特币体现了交易确定性和契约精神的统一。在法律体系（尤其是英美普通法和伊斯兰教法）中，一份契约要具有合法性，核心在于当事各方自愿、条款清晰且不违背基本道德。比特币网络上的交易契约以代码方式自动执行，一旦双方签名广播，交易即被不可篡改地记录，一切权利义务随即完结。这种**“交割即结算”的机制提供了绝对的确定性，杜绝了传统金融中常见的赖账、拒付、无限制 chargeback（退款）等不确定因素。比特币不需要中央中介担保信用，依靠分布式共识来保证交易的最终性，这种确定性契合了普通法系对契约履行的重视：契约一旦成立即应严格履行，不得任意毁约。更值得注意的是，比特币没有利息（riba）和债务膨胀的设计**，2100万枚的恒定供应和逐步减半的发行机制，使其更接近一种数字商品而非通过债务衍生的货币nasdaq.com。在伊斯兰金融原则下，收取或支付利息被视为不公正，属明令禁止的行为，而比特币的货币体系天生规避了“利息”的概念nasdaq.com。同时，比特币交易公开透明，每一笔转账都记录在链上且需双方同意才能发生，这与伊斯兰教法要求交易双方充分知情、协商一致的原则不谋而合nasdaq.comnasdaq.com。尽管有人担忧加密货币的投机性带来不确定性（Gharar），但那更多是市场行为层面的波动，而比特币协议本身的运作是清晰明确、不含欺瞒的nasdaq.com。在穆斯林学者看来，如果加密货币被用于合法且善意的目的，它并不必然违反伊斯兰金融核心原则nasdaq.com。例如，中东一些创新项目已尝试将区块链用于公益和慈善，对每笔币交易提取天课（宗教捐献）用于慈善基金，以确保技术符合伊斯兰伦理nasdaq.comnasdaq.com。这种做法其实与比特币“协议中立、用途开放”的精神一致——技术本身不预设善恶关键，在于使用者是否将其用于合乎道义的契约。

换言之，比特币之“保守”，保守在它选择做“数字黄金”而非肆意重塑社会契约。它遵循价值储藏和交换媒介的基本定位，没有内置复杂的金融衍生功能，也不鼓励凭空创造信用泡沫。这种克制让比特币能够较自然地融入现行法治框架：作为一种私人财产和交换工具，比特币交易遵循“你情我愿，金额确定”的简明契约模型，各法域只需按财产或货物的属性去规范它即可。在英美法下，比特币已逐渐被法院视为可执行财产权益，盗窃比特币等同于盗窃有形财物来惩处。伊斯兰世界中，越来越多学者承认比特币具有财产价值，可以作为货币或商品使用，只要不用于赌博等不法用途，即可被视为“清洁”的财富。在迪拜等地，监管机构也探索制定符合沙里亚原则的加密货币监管指南，承认比特币等作为投资和支付工具的地位。这一切说明，比特币的核心设计没有违背人类社会关于契约正当性的根本要求——公平、自愿、透明，以及不伤害无辜第三方的利益。相比之下，许多后来的加密项目试图在隐私、金融工程上“开历史倒车”，结果反而凸显出比特币朴素设计的高明之处：它为维护基本道义预留了空间，通过公开透明防范了极端滥用，用技术手段恢复了契约的确定性和中立性。

历史视角：数字黄金如何推动正和博弈

历史的眼光往往能够校准当下的纷争。在货币演进的长河中，每当权力过度介入导致“恶币驱逐良币”时，人类总会试图寻回更公正稳健的交换媒介。16世纪格雷欣法则（劣币驱逐良币）揭示出，当政府滥铸货币、削减贵金属含量时，真正有价值的硬币（良币）便会被人们藏匿起来，劣币充斥市面yilinhut.netyilinhut.net。但值得深思的是，格雷欣现象并非不可逆的自然规律，而是统治者操控货币所致的扭曲。正如有学者指出的：“劣币驱逐良币并非市场自发，而是‘政府用劣币驱逐良币’的缩影；一旦能够摆脱政府的控制，这一定律就会失效，比特币恰恰旨在让货币摆脱政府控制，让良币重归市场”yilinhut.net。比特币作为现代数字黄金，其出现为全球经济提供了一种从新回归良币的可能。它不隶属于任何单一国家，其价值不依赖特定主权信用背书，而源于全球共识和算力保障的稀缺性。从国际贸易角度看，比特币类似于跨境结算中的黄金或白银——当两个国家缺乏互信或不愿接受对方货币时，完全可以通过比特币这种“中性资产”进行价值锚定交换，从而避开法币汇率波动和政治干预的风险。近年来，一些案例显示，比特币在地缘冲突或关税战背景下扮演了避险工具的角色：有分析指出，由于比特币不受制于特定国家的贸易政策，投资者把它视为对冲关税风险的手段，当贸易争端导致股市下跌时，比特币反倒逆势上涨，展现出独立于国际贸易格局的价值定位nai500.com。这印证了比特币作为“数字黄金”的一个要义：在国家壁垒与货币战争横生的世界里，它提供了一种超脱政治藩篱的价值载体，使得资金能够在更大程度的自由中逐利避险。

更深一层看，比特币蕴含着推动全球从零和博弈走向正和博弈的制度潜能。传统的法币体系常常被国家间博弈所挟持：各国竞相贬值本币以刺激出口、通过货币超发转嫁债务，这种你输我赢的零和心态导致国际金融秩序暗流汹涌。而比特币的兴起为“货币互信”提供了新范式。设想一个场景：若若干主要经济体将比特币纳入储备或结算体系，它们之间反而可能降低竞争性贬值的冲动，因为谁也无法单方面增发比特币来占便宜，大家只有共同维护其价值稳定才有利可图。这种在公开透明规则下的竞争，更接近“正和游戏”，即各方通过合作都能获益，而非此消彼长。有人将比特币视为一种“人类道义契约”，意指它不是某强权逼迫他国接受的货币（如历史上的殖民通货），而是全球无数个体自愿选择的价值共识。它的运行不依赖枪炮和法律强制，而靠的是对规则的信任与技术的确保。可以说，比特币构筑了一个前所未有的“自愿制度”：人人遵守21万块区块的发行上限和去中心化共识，这本身就是人类史上少见的跨文化、跨政治的合作现象。当这种制度逐步深入国际贸易和金融关系，我们有理由期待一个更公平的格局：劣币不再轻易驱逐良币，反而诚实守信的货币会赢得更广泛的使用；国家壁垒不会彻底消弭，但各国将更难通过封锁金融信息来要挟他国或剥夺公民，因为人们手中握有主权无法轻易触及的价值锚。

当然，比特币并非万能良药，它也会经历价格周期波动、面临技术升级挑战。然而，从历史视角出发，它承载的意义堪比现代版的黄金/白银——一种超越民族国家、服务于全球贸易和人类福祉的价值尺度。当年金本位体系在19世纪促进了世界贸易的繁荣，那是因为金银天然具有防范滥发的属性，使各国币值维持相对稳定。而比特币有望在21世纪承担类似的角色：在数字时代为世界提供一个防止无序贬值和信用滥用的“价值中轴”。这不仅是经济议题，更是道义命题。正如卢梭等思想家描述的社会契约，只有当制度建立在自愿与道义基础上，才能实现持久的正和博弈。比特币所体现的，就是这样一种自下而上凝聚的制度工具：它让个人与个人之间、国家与国家之间有机会基于共同利益而非强制权力来协作。一旦“良币”不再总是被逐出市场，人类就可能跳出过去那种劣币横行、以鄙胜良的怪圈，迎来金融领域的道义复归。

结语：拥抱创新契约，重塑监管范式

当下，FATF的出行规则所代表的监管思路与比特币所代表的技术革新，正站在历史的对立面上交锋。一方以安全与主权之名筑墙设限，另一方以中立与自由之实开辟新径。本文从制度批判的角度剖析了出行规则背后的治理逻辑与局限，揭示了过度管制对全球资金与信息流动的系统性压制，也反思了隐私技术在缺乏法理支撑时被滥用的教训。与此形成鲜明对照的是，比特币作为“保守式创新”的范例，展现出通过技术中立与契约确定性来天然抑制犯罪、兼容多元法统的独特优势。历史的回声告诉我们：真正良好的制度应当是使善者获益、恶者难存，其出发点是信任合作而非恐惧防范。

面对这一新旧范式的碰撞，立法者和监管者理应有所醒悟。与其穷尽手段构筑高墙、不惜牺牲公民自由来堵截风险，不如顺应技术发展的大势，拥抱那些内生具有道义契约性质的创新。在反洗钱和金融稳定目标下，监管可以也应该与技术“正和博弈”：鼓励像比特币这样透明中立的系统发挥正面效应，同时针对真正的黑箱匿名工具精确打击；在国际合作中，以开放心态探索新的全球货币协议，避免陷入零和的管制竞赛。只有这样，我们才能既防范“劣币”作乱，又让“良币”留在市井，形成一个既有秩序又有自由的金融生态。比特币之所以令无数持有者怀抱信念，不仅因为其经济价值，更因为其背后蕴含着对更公正更自由的制度可能性的期待。这份期待正在转化为现实的政治倡议，推动立法和监管的变革。在不久的将来，当我们回望今日，或许会发现：正是这一场关于“出行规则”与“数字黄金”的争论，催生出金融治理范式的转折点——让人类第一次有机会以合作共赢的契约，去取代那延续千年的强权博弈。

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@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

A third of the bitcoins in circulation is now under the control of centralized entities, valued at $668 billion according to an analysis by Gemini.

A study conducted by Gemini in collaboration with Glassnode revealed that centralized actors currently hold 30.9% of bitcoin’s entire circulating supply.

These entities include national governments, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and publicly listed companies. Collectively, these players control 6.1 million BTC, equivalent to approximately $668 billion at current market prices. BlackRock alone holds around 665,635 BTC through its iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT) ETF, representing over 3% of bitcoin’s total supply, with a value close to $73 billion.

Source: Gemini

The accumulation of bitcoin by such entities has grown by 924% over the past decade. This increase coincides with bitcoin’s price evolution, which has surged from under $1,000 to over $100,000 during the same period.

Analysts interpret this trend as further confirmation that institutions increasingly view bitcoin as a strategic store-of-value asset. According to the report, the correlation between the rise in institutional holdings and bitcoin’s price appreciation reinforces the case for the cryptocurrency’s mainstream adoption.

One key takeaway from the research concerns the predominant role of centralized exchanges within Bitcoin treasury holdings. These platforms hold about half of the total, although a significant portion of those funds actually belongs to retail clients and individual investors.

Government bitcoin treasuries display distinctive characteristics compared to other institutional holders. According to the study, sovereign wallets show infrequent movements and limited correlation with Bitcoin’s price cycles.

However, the amount of bitcoins held by these governments remains large enough to significantly influence the markets whenever sales or transfers occur, the report states. The governments of the United States, China, and the United Kingdom have acquired most of their bitcoins through legal actions (seizures) rather than direct market purchases. In contrast, El Salvador and Bhutan accumulate bitcoin through intentional and ongoing purchases. According to analysts, while the volumes involved are smaller, these strategic allocations signal a long-term commitment and bolster investor confidence, encouraging broader institutional participation and contributing to market stability.

The research concludes that with nearly a third of bitcoin’s circulating supply now held by centralized entities, the market has undergone a structural transformation toward institutional maturity. According to the authors of the report, this evolution has made price action more predictable and less vulnerable to the speculative extremes that characterized Bitcoin’s early years.

The post Report: centralized entities control 31% of bitcoin’s total supply appeared first on Atlas21.

@ fe820c8e:d2d76f04

Course Main Title

This is your course initialization stub.

Please see the Docs to find out what is possible in LiaScript.

If you want to use instant help in your Atom IDE, please type lia to see all available shortcuts.

Markdown

You can use common Markdown syntax to create your course, such as:

1. Lists

2. ordered or

3. unordered

4. ones ...

| Header 1 | Header 2 | | :--------- | :--------- | | Item 1 | Item 2 |

Images:

Extensions

 --{{0}}--

But you can also include other features such as spoken text.

  --{{1}}--

Insert any kind of audio file:

   {{1}}

?audio

 --{{2}}--

Even videos or change the language completely.

   {{2-3}}

!?video

  --{{3 Russian Female}}--

Первоначально создан в 2004 году Джоном Грубером (англ. John Gruber) и Аароном Шварцем. Многие идеи языка были позаимствованы из существующих соглашений по разметке текста в электронных письмах...

{{3}}

Type "voice" to see a list of all available languages.

Styling

The whole text-block should appear in purple color and with a wobbling effect. Which is a bad example, please use it with caution ... ~~ only this is red ;-) ~~

Charts

Use ASCII-Art to draw diagrams:

                                Multiline
1.9 |    DOTS
    |                 ***
  y |               *     *
  - | r r r r r r r*r r r r*r r r r r r r
  a |             *         *
  x |            *           *
  i | B B B B B * B B B B B B * B B B B B
  s |         *                 *
    | *  * *                       * *  *
 -1 +------------------------------------
    0              x-axis               1

Quizzes

A Textquiz

What did the fish say when he hit a concrete wall?

[[dam]]

Multiple Choice

Just add as many points as you wish:

[[X]] Only the **X** marks the correct point.
[[ ]] Empty ones are wrong.
[[X]] ...

Single Choice

Just add as many points as you wish:

[( )] ...
[(X)] <-- Only the **X** is allowed.
[( )] ...

Executable Code

A drawing example, for demonstrating that any JavaScript library can be used, also for drawing.

```javascript // Initialize a Line chart in the container with the ID chart1 new Chartist.Line('#chart1', { labels: [1, 2, 3, 4], series: [[100, 120, 180, 200]] });

// Initialize a Line chart in the container with the ID chart2 new Chartist.Bar('#chart2', { labels: [1, 2, 3, 4], series: [[5, 2, 8, 3]] }); ```

Projects

You can make your code executable and define projects:

``` js -EvalScript.js let who = data.first_name + " " + data.last_name;

if(data.online) { who + " is online"; } else { who + " is NOT online"; } json +Data.json { "first_name" : "Sammy", "last_name" : "Shark", "online" : true } ```

More

Find out what you can even do more with quizzes:

https://liascript.github.io/course/?https://raw.githubusercontent.com/liaScript/docs/master/README.md

@ b4fade0e:a4d2b56a

Find essential details about the operating hours of the after school program in Anaheim Hills offered by Hillsborough Private Preschool. This structured program runs weekdays and is designed to accommodate working parents while offering children a secure, enriching environment. With flexible scheduling and attentive care, the program aligns with local school dismissal times. Learn about pick-up procedures, supervision quality, and how the program supports academic and social development through structured routines and engaging activities tailored to your child’s needs.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

People forget Bear Stearns failed March 2008 - months of denial followed before the public realized how bad the situation was under the surface.

Similar happening now but much larger scale. They did not fix fundamental issues after 2008 - everything is more fragile.

The Fed preemptively bailed out every bank with their BTFP program and First Republic Bank still failed. The second largest bank failure in history.

There will be more failures. There will be more bailouts. Depositors will be "protected" by socializing losses across everyone.

Our President and mainstream financial pundits are currently pretending the banking crisis is over while most banks remain insolvent. There are going to be many more bank failures as this ponzi system unravels.

Unlike 2008, we have the ability to opt out of these broken and corrupt institutions by using bitcoin. Bitcoin held in self custody is unique in its lack of counterparty risk - you do not have to trust a bank or other centralized entity to hold it for you. Bitcoin is also incredibly difficult to change by design since it is not controlled by an individual, company, or government - the supply of dollars will inevitably be inflated to bailout these failing banks but bitcoin supply will remain unchanged. I do not need to convince you that bitcoin provides value - these next few years will convince millions.

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 8bad92c3:ca714aa5

Marty's Bent

J.P. Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon has long been an outspoken skeptic and critic of bitcoin. He has called Bitcoin a speculative asset, a fraud, a pet rock, and has opined that it will inevitably blow up. A couple of years ago, he was on Capitol Hill saying that if he were the government, he would "close it down". Just within the last month, he was on Fox Business News talking with Maria Bartiromo, proclaiming that the U.S. should be stockpiling bullets and rare earth metals instead of bitcoin. It's pretty clear that Jamie Dimon, who is at the helm of the most powerful and largest bank in the world, does not like bitcoin one bit.

Evidence below:

via Bitcoin Magazine

via me

via CNBC

via Trending Politics

Despite Dimon's distinguished disdain for Bitcoin, J.P. Morgan cannot deny reality. The CEO of the largest bank in the world is certainly a powerful man, but no one individual, even in the position that Jamie Dimon is in, is more powerful than the market. And the market has spoken very clearly, it is demanding bitcoin. The Bitcoin ETFs have been the most successful ETFs in terms of pace of growth since their launch. They've accumulated tens of billions of dollars in AUM in a very short period of time. Outpacing the previous record set by the gold ETF, GLD.

Whether or not Jamie Dimon himself likes Bitcoin doesn't matter. J.P. Morgan, as the largest bank in the world and a publicly traded company, has a duty to shareholders. And that duty is to increase shareholder value by any ethical and legal means necessary. Earlier today, J.P. Morgan announced plans to offer clients financing against their Bitcoin ETFs, as well as some other benefits, including having their bitcoin holdings recognized in their overall net worth and liquid assets, similar to stocks, cars, and art, which will be massive for bitcoiners looking to get mortgages and other types of loans.

via Bloomberg

I've talked about this recently, but trying to buy a house when most of your liquid net worth is held in bitcoin is a massive pain in the ass. Up until this point, if you wanted to have your bitcoin recognized as part of your net worth and count towards your overall credit profile, you would need to sell some bitcoin, move it to a bank account, and have it sit there for a certain period of time before it was recognized toward your net worth. This is not ideal for bitcoiners who have sufficient cash flows and don't want to sell their bitcoin, pay the capital gains tax, and risk not being able to buy back the amount of sats they were forced to sell just to get a mortgage.

It's not yet clear to me whether or not J.P. Morgan will recognize bitcoin in cold storage toward their clients' net worth and credit profile, or if this is simply for bitcoin ETFs only. However, regardless, this is a step in the right direction and a validation of something that many bitcoiners have been saying for years. Inevitably, everyone will have to bend the knee to bitcoin. Today, it just happened to be the largest bank in the world. I expect more of this to come in the coming months, years, and decades.

Lyn Alden likes to say it in the context of the U.S. national debt and the fiscal crisis, but it also applies to bitcoin adoption and the need for incumbents to orient themselves around the demands of individual bitcoiners; nothing stops this train.

Real Estate Correction Coming

Real estate expert Leon Wankum shared his perspective on why property prices need to find a new equilibrium by 2026. He pointed to the 18-year property cycle theory, noting we're at the end of the current cycle with a massive imbalance - 34% more sellers than buyers, the highest gap since records began in 2013. Leon explained that sellers still have unrealistic expectations based on 2021-2022 peaks, while buyers face a fundamentally different reality with higher borrowing costs.

"We need a price equilibrium. We need demand and supply prices to match. It's going to take a long time, I think." - Leon Wankum

Leon doesn't expect a catastrophic crash, however. He emphasized that the financial system depends too heavily on real estate as collateral for authorities to allow a complete collapse. With interest rates likely staying above 3% to combat inflation, he sees a healthy correction rather than devastation - a necessary adjustment that creates opportunities for patient buyers who understand the new market dynamics.

Check out the full podcast here for more on Bitcoin treasury strategies, dual collateralization, and corporate BTC adoption

---

Headlines of the Day

California May Seize Idle Bitcoin After 3 Years - via X

Semler Scientific Buys $20M More Bitcoin, Holds $467M - via X

US Home Sellers Surge as Buyers Hit 4-Year Low - via X

Get our new STACK SATS hat - via tftcmerch.io

---

Take the First Step Off the Exchange

Bitkey is an easy, secure way to move your Bitcoin into self-custody. With simple setup and built-in recovery, it’s the perfect starting point for getting your coins off centralized platforms and into cold storage—no complexity, no middlemen.

Take control. Start with Bitkey.

Use the promo code *“TFTC20”* during checkout for 20% off

---

Ten31, the largest bitcoin-focused investor, has deployed $150.00M across 30+ companies through three funds. I am a Managing Partner at Ten31 and am very proud of the work we are doing. Learn more at ten31.vc/invest.

---

Final thought...

I feel old.

---

Get this newsletter sent to your inbox daily: https://www.tftc.io/bitcoin-brief/

Subscribe to our YouTube channels and follow us on Nostr and X:

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@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

Why are Stripe Alternatives are growing like mushrooms? When it comes to online payment processing, Stripe has long dominated the conversation.

However, with its complex pricing structure, strict policies and first-world focus, many entrepreneurs and companies are actively seeking viable Stripe alternatives.

Whether you’re a SaaS startup, e-commerce store, or global enterprise, choosing the right payment processor can significantly impact your bottom line and customer experience.

Table of Contents

• Why Consider Stripe Alternatives?
• The Complete List of Stripe Alternatives
• Additional Notable Mentions
• How to Choose the Right Stripe Alternative
• Conclusion

Why Consider Stripe Alternatives?

Before diving into our comprehensive list, it’s worth understanding why businesses are exploring alternatives to Stripe. While Stripe offers robust features and excellent developer tools, some businesses face challenges with pricing transparency, limited global coverage, or specific industry requirements that Stripe doesn’t fully address.

The Complete List of Stripe Alternatives

Based on extensive research and analysis of the payment processing landscape, here are 27 proven Stripe alternatives that could be the perfect fit for your business:

1. Flash – Easiest Bitcoin Payment Solution

Flash is the easiest Bitcoin payment gateway for businesses to accept payments. Supporting both digital and physical enterprises, Flash leverages the Lightning Network to enable fast, low-cost Bitcoin transactions. Launched in its 2.0 version in March 2025, Flash is at the forefront of driving Bitcoin adoption in e-commerce.

2. Lemon Squeezy – The SaaS-Focused Alternative

Dubbed as “acq’d by Stripe,” Lemon Squeezy offers a comprehensive solution specifically designed for digital product sales and SaaS businesses. It provides strong customer support, built-in analytics, and handles payments, subscriptions, global tax compliance, and fraud prevention in one platform.

3. Gumroad – Creator Economy Champion

Gumroad has carved out a niche serving creators and small businesses by providing tools for selling digital products, physical goods, and subscriptions. It’s particularly popular among content creators, artists, and independent entrepreneurs who want to experiment with various ideas and formats. They also open-sourced their code which is quite the ‘chad-move’.

4. Paddle – All-in-One SaaS Commerce

Paddle caters to SaaS and software companies by offering a comprehensive platform with billing, licensing, and global tax handling capabilities. It’s designed to be a complete solution for subscription-based businesses, handling payments, tax, and subscription management in one platform.

5. FastSpring – Global E-commerce Specialist

FastSpring specializes in e-commerce solutions for software and SaaS companies, with a focus on global payments and subscription management. According to TechnologyAdvice, it’s particularly strong for international transactions and helps companies sell more, stay lean, and compete big.

6. 2Checkout – Versatile Payment Solutions

2Checkout (now part of Verifone) offers versatile payment solutions excelling in global payments, subscription billing, and digital commerce. One of the best stripe alternatives as it’s an all-in-one monetization platform that maximizes revenues and makes global online sales easier, supporting over 200 countries and territories.

7. Payoneer – Cross-Border Payment Expert

Payoneer simplifies cross-border payment solutions, offering local payment ease globally with a focus on market expansion and multi-currency support. It’s trusted by small to medium-sized businesses for global payment solutions and international money transfers.

8. Chargebee – Subscription Management Leader

Chargebee is a subscription management platform perfect for SaaS and SMBs, with robust billing and revenue management features. If you were looking for stripe alternatives to setup subscriptions, Chargebee might be right for you. It streamlines revenue operations and helps businesses grow efficiently with comprehensive subscription billing capabilities.

9. Maxio (formerly Chargify) – B2B SaaS Billing

Maxio offers a robust platform for B2B SaaS billing and financial operations, focusing on growth and efficiency for subscription businesses. It’s the most complete financial operations platform for B2B SaaS, bringing core financial operations into one platform.

10. Recurly – Dynamic Subscription Management

Recurly offers dynamic subscription management platform, excelling in churn management and data insights for subscription growth. It’s the only proven platform that expands and protects your recurring revenue with subscription management, recurring billing, and payments orchestration.

11. Braintree – PayPal’s Enterprise Solution

Braintree (by PayPal) provides a versatile global payments platform, integrating multiple payment methods with a focus on conversion and security. It delivers end-to-end checkout experiences for businesses, offering single-touch payments and mobile optimization.

12. PayKickstart – Modern Commerce Platform

PayKickstart offers a modern commerce platform for online billing and affiliates, focusing on revenue maximization and churn minimization. It’s the most complete checkout, recurring billing, affiliate management, and retention solution with global capabilities.

13. PayPro Global – Full-Service E-commerce

PayPro Global offers a full-service eCommerce solution for selling software and SaaS, focusing on global payments, tax compliance, and customer support. It provides flexible solutions with over 70 payment methods and great support for software companies.

14. Shopify Payments – E-commerce Integration

Integrated with Shopify, this service is ideal for SMBs in eCommerce, offering a seamless shopping cart and payment experience. It’s the simplest way to accept online payments, automatically set up for major methods with no fees for some payment types.

15. Square – Versatile POS and Payment Solutions

Square provides versatile POS and payment solutions for small businesses with a strong focus on retail and mobile payments. Forbes Advisor notes it as one of the top alternatives for businesses needing both online and offline payment capabilities.

16. Zoho Billing – Integrated Business Solution

Zoho Billing is an online recurring billing and subscription management solution, ideal for small and medium-sized businesses seeking professional invoice creation, time and expense tracking, and improved cash flow management. Zoho isn’t just competing for stripe alternatives, they offer a ton of other products and services.

17. WePay – Chase Company Integration

WePay, a Chase company, provides integrated payment solutions for ISVs and SaaS companies with customizable payment solutions. It’s designed for platforms like marketplaces and small business tools, offering seamless user experience and fraud protection.

18. QuickBooks Payments – SMB Accounting Integration

This service provides seamless accounting and payment solutions for SMBs and SaaS businesses, featuring real-time tracking and automated bookkeeping. It lets small businesses accept payments online from anywhere with easy integration into QuickBooks accounting.

19. Mangopay – Marketplace Payment Infrastructure

Mangopay offers a modular payment infrastructure for marketplaces and platforms, emphasizing flexibility, global payouts, and AI-powered anti-fraud. It uses flexible wallets built to orchestrate fund flows and monetize payment experiences.

20. Coinbase Commerce – Cryptocurrency Payments

Coinbase Commerce enables businesses to accept payments from around the world using cryptocurrency. It offers instant settlement, low fees, and broad asset support, making it easy for merchants to accept digital currency payments globally.

21. BTCPay Server – Open-Source Bitcoin Processor

BTCPay Server is a self-hosted, open-source cryptocurrency payment processor with 0% fees and no third-party involvement. It’s secure, private, censorship-resistant, and completely free for businesses wanting full control over their Bitcoin payments.

22. Lago – Open-Source Billing Alternative

Lago is an open-source alternative to Stripe Billing and Chargebee, specializing in billing and metering in one place for usage-b

@ d5ca7093:549ad1ec

I recently decided to create my own personal brand website—something simple with a clean landing page, contact info, links to my work, and a blog. The idea was straightforward: when you meet people in real life or connect online, you need a reliable, consistent place they can go to learn more about you. Social media platforms aren’t built for that—they’re noisy, crowded, and ultimately not under your control.

As we shift into a decentralized digital future, owning your own website is one of the easiest and most powerful moves you can make. Social media pages are just websites owned by someone else. TikTok, Instagram, YouTube—they all serve specific functions, but there’s nothing stopping you from creating your own platform. If you make videos, host a video gallery. If you write, post your own blog. You don’t need to depend on Twitter or Medium to get your thoughts out. Open-source tools and modern frameworks make it easier than ever to replicate what these big platforms do—on your terms.

This shift is already visible with platforms like Nostr and Mastodon, which promote the idea of identity and communication without central ownership. Your website can be a central node in that ecosystem. Unlike a profile on a platform that can vanish overnight, your domain name is portable and permanent. You can point it anywhere—your own server, a decentralized network, or a new platform that respects user autonomy. That kind of control is only possible when you own your digital real estate.

In fact, I believe domain names are the next evolution of usernames. They’re already being used that way on services like BlueSky and Mastodon. A domain name isn’t just a web address—it’s a digital identity. It can be your contact card, your blog, your portfolio, and even your inbox. In a decentralized world, owning a domain is like planting a flag. It says: this is mine.

The deeper truth is that these centralized platforms are incentivized to keep you inside their ecosystem. They harvest your data, limit your reach unless you pay, and can suspend or ban your account without warning. When you build on their land, you play by their rules. When you build on your own land—your website—you make the rules. You decide what gets seen, what gets featured, and what data gets collected.

And let’s talk discoverability. While social media relies on algorithms and trends to push your content, your website can be indexed and searched globally on your terms. SEO tools, schema markup, and open metadata standards let you control how your content appears across the web. Add analytics, email capture, or even push notifications, and you’ve created a full digital marketing system that doesn’t depend on anyone else’s infrastructure.

For developers and technical creators, building a personal site also becomes a live demo of your skillset. It’s an interactive resume, a sandbox for new technologies, and a launchpad for projects. Whether you’re using React, Astro, Hugo, or GhostCMS, the tools you choose say as much about you as the content you publish. And because it’s all yours, you’re free to experiment without limitation.

Ultimately, your website is an investment in future-proofing your digital identity. As decentralized protocols evolve, your personal site can plug into that infrastructure—whether it’s connecting wallets, supporting decentralized comments, or syndicating content to multiple platforms. Owning your site today means you’ll be ready for the web of tomorrow.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

Nostr is an open communication protocol that can be used to send messages across a distributed set of relays in a censorship resistant and robust way.

---

If you missed my nostr introduction post you can find it here. My nostr account can be found here.

---

We are nearly at the point that if something interesting is posted on a centralized social platform it will usually be posted by someone to nostr.

We are nearly at the point that if something interesting is posted exclusively to nostr it is cross posted by someone to various centralized social platforms.

We are nearly at the point that you can recommend a cross platform app that users can install and easily onboard without additional guides or resources.

As companies continue to build walls around their centralized platforms nostr posts will be the easiest to cross reference and verify - as companies continue to censor their users nostr is the best censorship resistant alternative - gradually then suddenly nostr will become the standard. 🫡

Current Nostr Stats

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

I'm solo parenting for a couple of days, so I got lots of activity and not a lot of sleep. I stuck to my fasting window, but didn't stick to OMAD, and mostly ate healthy stuff.

How'd you do on your ~HealthAndFitness goals stackers?

https://stacker.news/items/1005114

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

I know more of the talk is around the Bucks and Giannis, but the Knicks have actually made a huge move already, plus we have some Knicks fans in our midst.

Despite having their best season of the 21st century, the Knicks fired their highly respected coach for not making it to the NBA Finals (which no one expected them to do).

Is this just standard Knicks malpractice? If so, what further malpractice might they commit?

Or, is it part of a legit plan (as unlikely as that seems)? And, if so, what else is in that plan?

The obvious starting place is KAT. I thought KAT had a great season, but he definitely did some dumb KAT stuff in the playoffs. Will the Knicks trade KAT (and whatever else) to land either KD or Giannis? Should they?

If they trade for Giannis, does he play center? If not, they also need a stretch-5, because Giannis can't play next to a traditional big.

KD would be a little cleaner, plus the Suns need a center and supposedly Booker and KAT are buds. KD could slot in at the 4 and give them a starting 5 of - Robinson - KD - OG - Bridges - Brunson

With Hart coming off the bench, that's an awesome 6-man rotation. It's basically what they had, but with KD in place of KAT.

Is KD enough better than KAT for this to be a title team?

What else might be going on with the Knicks?

https://stacker.news/items/1005038

@ 43820409:694a54a4

This is a brief summary.

This is the best article ever created.

You may be wondering why?

Why

Because we made it.

How

• It just is
• Everyone agrees

---

Thank you for your attention.

End.

@ 3c389c8f:7a2eff7f

Most of my time on Nostr, relays served content simply based on what was requested. Clients mostly requested follow list based content, and often only if the user requested to 'read' from a particular relay. Very simple, though not ideal. Clients that attempted to offer some 'global' or 'universal' feed made it possible to discover some new things but also served spam, redundant bot posts, and even some malicious things that managed to make it through a relay's filters. Paid relays began to gain some ground, with better filters to reduce spam and malicious content, which has helped a lot to clean up these broader feeds that expand beyond the follow-based timeline. Many of the relays hosted redundant content, too, which is important but it's not the only thing that is. The system still left a lot to be desired, particularly for anyone who has understood the potential behind the client-relay set up. Other concerns, like relay centralization through user concentration, still needed to be discussed and addressed.

Despite the voicing of relay diversity advocates, this system seemed to provide most of what people were looking for to replace their typical social media experience. Still, though, reply spam attacks found their way through, as they do. Web-of-Trust relays began to pop up to help mitigate the problem. Using contact lists and extended contact lists as a method of reducing the prevalence of spam has worked really well, but does have it limitations as to how new users can enter into these social graphs, without already knowing someone who is using Nostr. Also not ideal, but it has been a step forward for Nostr's social media use case. Hosted relay services that offered more diverse policy for a relay to operate under finally began to take some hold for those that wanted more choice and control. Still though, potential had barely been breeched.

It might have been before the WoT relay movement, but of nowhere (not really but it kind of seemed like it), a cat relay appeared within the ecosystem. This silly, fun, cute, clever relay collected notes with the #catstr hashtag and used some fancy image analysis stuff (that I can't explain) to collect notes and images of nothing but cats. Such a simple thing, but that was a catalyst (🥁) moment for Nostr. A relay could do more than just collect notes from following lists?? A couple more iterations of the curated content relay model came to be, driving home the idea that this wasn't some silly pie-in-the-sky concept. It was an aha moment for some, sheer joy for the relay advocates, and a turning point for expanding Nostr beyond the basic social media replacement. Very few client options for simply browsing one relay existed at the time, and while it was novel to see, the rest of the framework to support it was not strong nor very easy to use. Even with this dilemma, the catstr relay set off what has become some of the most interesting and useful innovation that has happened within the Nostr ecosystem since I arrived.

Since then, I have spent a lot of my time on Nostr exploring some of what has been developed on the relay front, experimenting where I have found the opportunity and thinking a lot about where this all could lead. Innovation on both the relay and client sides of Nostr have been expanding, not quite in lockstep, but closely enough that someone like myself can now easily jump onto a client like Jumble.social and get a glimpse into what is happening and get an idea of the potential of what is yet to come. For those working in the relay field, I am sure this feels like one slow moving train. For a client developer, it probably feels a little overwhelming to shift an entire model away from what has worked for something that will work better. As a less-than-technical user who is mostly disconnected from any major development, it's exciting. Relay diversity brings actual utility to Nostr. It also brings the assurances that Nostr offers, which whether we have been subjugated to these problems before or not, it is the main reason why Nostr exists and why we are here using it now.

For most anyone reading this, it probably sounds like some weird, unnecessary history lesson. This is actually one long introduction into a little mini-series of relay recaps though.... I was wondering what I would write about next, and this is it. I may just be a user but I'm an adventurous one and I pay attention, so I'm excited to share some of my thoughts, experiences, and observations over the coming weeks... because exciting isn't a strong enough word for the what I see as possible. :)

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

In a move that diverges from many other U.S. states, Connecticut has passed a new law that bars state and local governments from investing in bitcoin or any other digital currency.

The bill, HB7082, passed unanimously in both the House and Senate with zero opposing votes.

The law, officially titled “An Act Concerning the Regulation of Virtual Currency and State Investments,” was signed into law recently and is causing a stir in the Bitcoin and financial communities.

HB7082 prohibits the state of Connecticut and its political subdivisions from accepting, holding or investing in digital currencies. This includes bitcoin, ethereum and other digital assets. It also bars the state from creating a bitcoin reserve, a concept being explored by other states.

The law goes further by imposing strict rules on digital asset businesses operating in the state. These rules enforce anti-money laundering (AML) compliance and parental consent verification for digital asset users under 18.

It also requires 1:1 reserve requirements for bitcoin custodians.

Businesses that handle Bitcoin transactions must now provide users with clear information about risks and fees and provide receipts with full transaction details.

No business can let a minor use a money-sharing app without first getting proof of consent from a parent or guardian.

Lawmakers in Connecticut say it’s about protecting public funds and minimizing financial risk. They say Connecticut’s new law bars state investments in bitcoin to protect its financial assets from market risk.

Supporters argue that the high volatility of bitcoin makes it a risky investment for public money like pension funds and state reserves.

The law also looks to bring bitcoin businesses under tighter control, to make them follow the same rules as the traditional financial system.

While Connecticut is cracking down on digital assets, other states are going the other way.

States like Texas, New Hampshire and Arizona have already passed laws or proposed bills to create a bitcoin reserve, which allows public funds to be invested in bitcoin.

Texas has even described bitcoin as a “forward-thinking investment opportunity” and a long-term store of value.

The new law has caused mixed reactions in the financial world. Some think it’s too cautious, others think it’s part of a bigger plan.

Matt Hougan, CIO of Bitwise, responded with sarcasm, “The hedge fund managers got so upset they couldn’t beat Bitcoin…”

Matt Hougan on X

Some states like Florida, South Dakota and Oklahoma have either killed or vetoed Bitcoin bills this year. Others like Louisiana are still exploring the tech. Louisiana just announced it would create a special committee to study AI, blockchain and digital assets.

@ 3c389c8f:7a2eff7f

Most of my time on Nostr, relays served content simply based on what was requested. Clients mostly requested follow list based content, and often only if the user requested to 'read' from a particular relay. Very simple, though not ideal. Clients that attempted to offer some 'global' or 'universal' feed made it possible to discover some new things but also served spam, redundant bot posts, and even some malicious things that managed to make it through a relay's filters. Paid relays began to gain some ground, with better filters to reduce spam and malicious content, which has helped a lot to clean up these broader feeds that expand beyond the follow-based timeline. Many of the relays hosted redundant content, too, which is important but it's not the only thing that is. The system still left a lot to be desired, particularly for anyone who has understood the potential behind the client-relay set up. Other concerns, like relay centralization through user concentration, still needed to be discussed and addressed.

Despite the voicing of relay diversity advocates, this system seemed to provide most of what people were looking for to replace their typical social media experience. Still, though, reply spam attacks found their way through, as they do. Web-of-Trust relays began to pop up to help mitigate the problem. Using contact lists and extended contact lists as a method of reducing the prevalence of spam has worked really well, but does have it limitations as to how new users can enter into these social graphs, without already knowing someone who is using Nostr. Also not ideal, but it has been a step forward for Nostr's social media use case. Hosted relay services that offered more diverse policy for a relay to operate under finally began to take some hold for those that wanted more choice and control. Still though, potential had barely been breeched.

It might have been before the WoT relay movement, but of nowhere (not really but it kind of seemed like it), a cat relay appeared within the ecosystem. This silly, fun, cute, clever relay collected notes with the #catstr hashtag and used some fancy image analysis stuff (that I can't explain) to collect notes and images of nothing but cats. Such a simple thing, but that was a catalyst (🥁) moment for Nostr. A relay could do more than just collect notes from following lists?? A couple more iterations of the curated content relay model came to be, driving home the idea that this wasn't some silly pie-in-the-sky concept. It was an aha moment for some, sheer joy for the relay advocates, and a turning point for expanding Nostr beyond the basic social media replacement. Very few client options for simply browsing one relay existed at the time, and while it was novel to see, the rest of the framework to support it was not strong nor very easy to use. Even with this dilemma, the catstr relay set off what has become some of the most interesting and useful innovation that has happened within the Nostr ecosystem since I arrived.

Since then, I have spent a lot of my time on Nostr exploring some of what has been developed on the relay front, experimenting where I have found the opportunity and thinking a lot about where this all could lead. Innovation on both the relay and client sides of Nostr have been expanding, not quite in lockstep, but closely enough that someone like myself can now easily jump onto a client like Jumble.social and get a glimpse into what is happening and get an idea of the potential of what is yet to come. For those working in the relay field, I am sure this feels like one slow moving train. For a client developer, it probably feels a little overwhelming to shift an entire model away from what has worked for something that will work better. As a less-than-technical user who is mostly disconnected from any major development, it's exciting. Relay diversity brings actual utility to Nostr. It also brings the assurances that Nostr offers, which whether we have been subjugated to these problems before or not, it is the main reason why Nostr exists and why we are here using it now.

For most anyone reading this, it probably sounds like some weird, unnecessary history lesson. This is actually one long introduction into a little mini-series of relay recaps though.... I was wondering what I would write about next, and this is it. I may just be a user but I'm an adventurous one and I pay attention, so I'm excited to share some of my thoughts, experiences, and observations over the coming weeks... because exciting isn't a strong enough word for the what I see as possible. :)

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

F Street Announced Goal Of Accumulating $10 Million In Bitcoin

Today, F Street, an alternative investment and private lending firm, announced it has begun adding Bitcoin to its corporate treasury, with a goal of accumulating $10 million in BTC.

JUST IN: Investment firm F Street announced it's buying Bitcoin daily using business proceeds for its treasury reserves

They plan to buy $10 million Bitcoin pic.twitter.com/NMLOteyUYU

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 11, 2025

The company began daily BTC purchases on June 9, using business proceeds and treasury funds. This move is part of a broader strategy to strengthen F Street’s capital base and support its real estate lending and investment operations.

“Bitcoin offers a compelling hedge against inflation and dollar debasement,” said the Chief Operating Officer of F Street Mike Doney. “Incorporating it into our treasury is a strategic step to preserve and grow value for our investors and our business interests.”

In line with its commitment to transparency, F Street also plans to establish a public proof of reserves so that stakeholders can independently verify the custody of its Bitcoin assets. The firm aims to build a meaningful BTC position that supports its long term vision of a capital framework.

F Street’s move comes at a time when institutional interest in Bitcoin is experiencing a notable surge, and many prominent voices in the financial world are starting to support it. Billionaire investor Paul Tudor Jones, speaking today in an interview with Bloomberg, named Bitcoin as a critical part of what he considers the ideal portfolio against inflation.

“What would an ideal portfolio be… But it would be some kind of combination of probably gold, vol adjusted, Bitcoin, gold, stocks,” Jones said. “That’s probably your best portfolio to fight inflation. Vol adjusted because the vol of Bitcoin obviously is five times that of gold, so you’re going to do it in different ways.”

Adding to the momentum, the Head of Digital Assets of BlackRock Robert Mitchnick explained two days ago what’s really driving the surge in demand for Bitcoin ETFs.

“It’s a lot of things coming together. Out of the gate was retail and investor demand…” said Mitchnick. “Now, more recently, we’ve seen just steady progress of more wealth advisor adoption, more institutional adoption. It’s been a mix of people who it’s the first time that they’ve invested in anything in the crypto space. And then on the other hand, you have lots of people who’ve been invested in Bitcoin for a long time and they’re taking advantage of the ETP wrapper.”

This post F Street Announced Goal Of Accumulating $10 Million In Bitcoin first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

• AlternativeUnlockXposed - Unlock your Android phone with an alternative PIN (Xposed)
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@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

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@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT) has become the fastest exchange-traded fund (ETF) to ever reach $70 billion in assets under management (AUM).

The fund, which launched in January 2024, hit this milestone in just 341 trading days—five times faster than the previous record-holder, the SPDR Gold Shares ETF (GLD), which took 1,691 days to reach the same mark.

IBIT now holds over 662,000 BTC — iShares

Bloomberg ETF analyst Eric Balchunas tweeted on June 9, “IBIT just blew through $70 billion and is now the fastest ETF to ever hit that mark in only 341 days.” This is a big deal and shows bitcoin is going mainstream.

IBIT has beaten fastest growing ETFs in history — Eric Balchunas on X

The fund’s rapid growth means institutional investors are embracing bitcoin at scale.

The fund has $71.9 billion in AUM and holds over 662,000 bitcoin. This makes BlackRock the largest institutional bitcoin holder in the world. To put that in perspective, the fund holds more bitcoin than Binance or Michael Saylor’s Strategy.

“IBIT’s growth is unprecedented,” said Bloomberg analyst James Seyffart. “It’s the fastest ETF to reach most milestones, faster than any other ETF in any asset class.”

BlackRock’s bitcoin ETF isn’t just big. It’s also greatly outperforming other spot bitcoin ETFs launched at the same time. BlackRock’s brand and global client base gave the fund instant credibility.

Many institutional investors want a regulated and convenient way to get into bitcoin without holding the asset directly, and this fund has made it easy for them to invest.

Robert Mitchnick, BlackRock’s head of digital assets, told Yahoo Finance that bitcoin’s rising status as an inflation hedge and alternative store of value is driving IBIT’s popularity.

He explained bitcoin is becoming an inflation hedge and alternative store of value and that’s what’s driving the growth.

Eric Balchunas also noted that when BlackRock filed for IBIT, bitcoin was at $30,000 and there was still skepticism after the FTX blowup. Now that bitcoin is at $110,000, it is “seen as legitimate for other big investors.”

Institutional demand for bitcoin has never been stronger, with IBIT making up nearly 20% of all bitcoin held by public companies, private firms, governments, exchanges and decentralized finance platforms.

That dominance may soon be challenged as public companies prepare to buy more bitcoin and shake up the current supply distribution.

Matthew Sigel, VanEck’s head of digital assets research, shared data that six public companies plan to raise, or have raised, up to $76 billion to buy bitcoin. That’s more than half of the spot Bitcoin ETF industry’s current AUM, so there’s clearly interest beyond ETFs.

On the broader market, IBIT’s rise coincided with bitcoin’s price surge to new highs above $110,000. The inflows reflect investors’ confidence in Bitcoin’s future and desire for regulated exposure through traditional products.

It’s worth mentioning that IBIT also had over $1 billion in volume on its first day of trading. It’s now the largest ETF in BlackRock’s lineup, even bigger than gold funds and other popular ETFs tracking international equities.

@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

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• Pomodoro - a very simple and tiny pomodoro timer app for Android 2.3 and later
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@ a88f35c7:7b121d83

El stone balancing.

La práctica de apilar piedras en equilibrio se conoce comúnmente como "stone balancing". Algunos lo consideran una forma de arte y meditación, en la que las piedras se colocan de manera que se mantienen en equilibrio, a menudo en configuraciones visualmente impresionantes, sin el uso de adhesivos u otros materiales de sujeción. Por lo que he descubierto haciendo este artículo, el "stone balancing" es muy antiguo y tiene orígenes diversos por lo que no se puede atribuir a una sola cultura o región geográfica.

Personalmente, he de reconocer que soy un poco "hater" respecto a esta práctica de apilar piedras, ya que considero que la mayoría de las personas que construyen estos montículos hoy en día lo hacen durante sus vacaciones, simplemente para mostrar al mundo que estuvieron allí (la foto en Instagram suele estar incluida en la experiencia). Sin embargo, no son conscientes de que, como resultado, el paisaje queda plagado de miles de montículos creados por "stone balancers" como ellos.

Sinceramente, creo que solo una pequeña parte de la población practica esta actividad con fines meditativos o funcionales, y debo admitir que, cada vez que me encuentro con una acumulación de piedras en formato vertical, siento una fuerte tentación de derribarlas, pero mi mujer suele impedírmelo.

La analogía.

Llegados a este punto, espero que tengáis claro que no os he querido hacer leer un artículo entero sobre el "stone balancing", por muy respetable que sea esta práctica, así que obviamente lo estoy utilizando como analogía. Os prometo que, a partir de ahora, iré al grano:

La cuestión es que considero que la analogía del “stone balancing” encaja perfectamente con el proceso de creación de Bitcoin. Más aún, creo que refleja fielmente el proceso creativo que hubo detrás de muchos inventos que han cambiado el mundo. Por ello, aunque este artículo se centre en Bitcoin y su reloj probabilístico, la analogía en sí puede aplicarse a una amplia variedad de ámbitos.

Vamos que la analogía del "stone balancing" podría considerarse como la navaja suiza de las analogías en cuanto a procesos creativos! Mis argumentos a favor a continuación:

• La invención de Satoshi se basó en la selección de elementos tecnológicos y protocolos preexistentes, combinándolos de manera innovadora para lograr un equilibrio funcional y robusto. De manera similar, en el “stone balancing”, se eligen cuidadosamente las piedras disponibles en el entorno considerando su forma, peso y estabilidad.

Es fundamental comprender que el verdadero mérito de Satoshi radicó - como bien señala Nick Szabo en "Bitcoin, what took ye so long?" - en la “gran cantidad de pensamiento poco convencional que se requirió” para ensamblar piezas ya existentes de forma totalmente novedosa.

• En el "stone balancing", si todas las piedras han sido seleccionadas y colocadas correctamente, el equilibrio puede permanecer inalterado durante años, resistiendo incluso las inclemencias del tiempo. De manera similar, Bitcoin ha mantenido su estabilidad operativa durante más de 16 años. Desde su creación en 2009, la red de Bitcoin ha demostrado una notable resistencia, funcionando de manera continua sin interrupciones significativas en todo este tiempo.

• Finalmente, si las piedras se han apilado en el momento y lugar adecuados, es esperable que más personas quieran intentar crear algo similar cerca (esto es precisamente lo que sucede en paisajes llenos de montículos al finalizar la temporada de verano). De manera análoga, la creación de Bitcoin ha generado una proliferación de miles de intentos similares—comúnmente denominados shitcoins—que han terminado saturando el entorno.

De hecho, las burbujas especulativas (y el mercado Crypto lo es) pueden entenderse como señales de neón que, pese al ruido generado, sugieren la posibilidad de que haya algo verdaderamente valioso detrás (Bitcoin).

Creo que si nos ponemos a pensar en otras invenciones, veremos como la analogía puede encajar bastante bien.

Las piedras que seleccionó Satoshi.

Según el propio whitepaper "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” el objetivo final de Satoshi Nakamoto era crear un sistema de efectivo electrónico descentralizado. Sin embargo, es importante resaltar que Bitcoin no fue el primero de su especie ya que existieron varios intentos antes que él. Los más relevantes se listan a continuación:

• B-Money de Wei Dai.

• Hashcash de Adam Back.

• eCash de David Chaum.

Pues bien, estos intentos previos ya hicieron uso de las mismas “piedras” que años más tarde apilaría Satoshi Nakamoto para crear Bitcoin. Las “piedras” que llevaban ya tiempo disponibles eran, entre otras, las siguientes:

• La Prueba de trabajo (PoW): Ya utilizada por B-Money y eCash

• La criptografía de clave pública: Ya utilizada B-Money y eCash

• Las funciones Hash: Ya utilizadas por B-Money, Hashcash y eCash

• Blockchain: Incluso el concepto de blockchain ya fue conceptualizado en 1991 por Stuart Haber y W. Scott Stornetta como un sistema criptográficamente seguro para el sellado de tiempo de documentos digitales. (How to time-stamp a digital document)

Entonces, si las piedras que apilaron Wei Dai, Adam Back y David Chaum son básicamente las mismas que las que apiló más tarde Satoshi Nakamoto, ¿porque estos sistemas previos de dinero electrónico no acabaron funcionando y Bitcoin sí?

Pues bien, a diferencia de los intentos previos, Satoshi Nakamoto logró alinear de manera casi perfecta los incentivos de todos los participantes de una red descentralizada, diseñando un sistema económico que, a través de la teoría de juegos, garantizase que el comportamiento honesto resultase más beneficioso que cualquier intento de actuar de forma maliciosa, con el objetivo de lograr un consenso entre todos los participantes sobre el estado del sistema (o libro contable) en un momento determinado y es justo aquí donde hay que hacerse las preguntas clave:

• ¿Cómo sabes la hora si no puedes confiar en un tercero que te diga qué hora es?

• ¿Quién debería estar a cargo del tiempo si poner a alguien a cargo no está permitido?

Creo que tal vez fuese la respuesta a estas preguntas la que requirió esa gran cantidad de pensamiento poco convencional del que hablaba Nick Szabo. Creo que tal vez solucionar el problema de generar un reloj descentralizado es lo que convierte a Satoshi Nakamoto en un genio. Si lo paras a pensar, generar tu propia unidad de tiempo (el tiempo de bloque) no es trivial.

El equilibrio de Satoshi.

Para entender porqué es este uno de los factores más importantes de Bitcoin me he basado, casi de forma exclusiva, en el siguiente artículo de Gigi: Bitcoin is time.

En este artículo, Gigi explora por qué el problema de medir el tiempo está estrechamente relacionado con la necesidad de mantener registros, por qué no existe un tiempo absoluto en un sistema descentralizado y cómo Bitcoin utiliza la causalidady la impredictibilidad para construir su propio sentido del “ahora”:

• El tiempo es una cadena causal: Sin la causalidad, distinguir entre lo que ocurrió antes y lo que sucedió después sería imposible. La línea de tiempo establece la relación causal entre los eventos, proporcionando el contexto necesario para su secuenciación.

Determinar con precisión el orden de los eventos es fundamental para mantener un libro contable coherente y evitar el problema del doble gasto. Bitcoin logra esto encadenando los bloques mediante funciones criptográficas de hash, que garantizan la inmutabilidad y secuencialidad de las transacciones. Cada bloque contiene un hash del bloque anterior, lo que crea una estructura encadenada que dificulta la alteración de registros sin invalidar la cadena completa.

• La impredictibilidad es necesaria: Sin impredictibilidad, la causalidad carece de sentido ya que para establecer que algo ocurrió en un momento dado, es necesario reportar eventos que no podrían haberse predicho antes de que ocurrieran o dicho de otra forma, si la secuencia de eventos fuera predecible, sería posible saltar hacia adelante. Por tanto, la impredictibilidad asegura que ningún participante pueda predecir o manipular el orden de las transacciones.

Bitcoin se apoya en dos grandes fuentes de impredictibilidad: las propias transacciones y la prueba-de-trabajo (PoW):

• Las transacciones: De antemano es imposible saber quien ganará la prueba de trabajo y por tanto qué transacciones decidirá incluir en el nuevo bloque.

• La prueba-de-trabajo (PoW): De antemano es imposible saber la solución de la prueba de trabajo por lo que cualquier minero deberá gastar cierta energía y tiempo en resolverla.

Todo lo anterior asegura poder disponer de un reloj probabilístico cuyo tiempo de referencia es el tiempo de bloque. Sin embargo, este tiempo de bloque se encontraría totalmente desconectado de la realidad “humana” sin el ajuste de dificultad.

La genialidad del ajuste de dificultad mantiene el nexo de unión entre el tiempo en el mundo Bitcoin (el tiempo de bloque) y el tiempo en el mundo "humano". Este mecanismo es esencial porque, sin él, el reloj interno de Bitcoin tendería a acelerarse progresivamente a medida que más mineros se unieran a la red o que mejorara la eficiencia de los dispositivos de minería. Gracias al ajuste de dificultad, se preserva la relación aproximada de 1 bloque cada 10 minutos, asegurando así la estabilidad temporal entre el mundo de Bitcoin y “nuestro mundo”.

Por tanto, y tal y como sugiere Gigi; "la nueva idea -lo que descubrió Satoshi- es cómo estar de acuerdo de forma independiente sobre una historia de eventos sin una coordinación central. Él halló la forma de implementar un esquema de marcado de hora descentralizado"

La guinda del pastel.

Como guinda del pastel, he reservado un punto que bien podría haber incluido en el apartado de la analogía, pero que considero encaja mejor aquí como conclusión final y es que al igual que en el arte del “stone balancing”, donde el creador de la estructura se retira poco después de haberla construido, dejando que el equilibrio se mantenga por sí solo, Satoshi Nakamoto que siempre se mantuvo en el anonimato, llegado a cierto punto se hizo a un lado y desapareció.

Satoshi Nakamoto probablemente comprendía que permanecer al frente de su invención podría convertirlo en una vulnerabilidad para el sistema. Es posible que tomara nota de los problemas legales enfrentados por Bernard von NotHaus, creador de Liberty Dollar, una moneda respaldada por metales preciosos como el oro y la plata, diseñada como una alternativa al dólar estadounidense a la que, en 2007, poco antes de la invención de Bitcoin, las autoridades federales le incautaron grandes cantidades de monedas de plata y oro, así como otros activos relacionados con el Liberty Dollar.

Y es que cuando apilas piedras en la propiedad de un Estado, es probable que este intente derribarlas… sino que se lo digan a Keonne Rodríguez y William Lonergan Hill, cofundadores de Samourai Wallet.

@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b

比特币如何通过协议机制实现隐私而不违反反洗钱法

1. 引言

“保守派的创新”理念指的是在不破坏既有社会制度的前提下推进技术革新。在金融领域，隐私与合规常被视为此消彼长的关系，但比特币生态展示出一种渐进式的平衡路径：既探索交易隐私保护，又避免公然违背反洗钱法规要求。这种平衡并非异想天开；传统金融本就提供一定程度的隐私，例如银行账簿并非对公众透明，个人消费细节通常不为外人所知en.bitcoin.it。比特币的目标之一是以去中心化方式复制这种隐私保护，但同时它并未试图动摇反洗钱法律的基石。相反，比特币社区秉持“保守式创新”，通过协议层的改进逐步增强用户隐私，同时尊重监管红线。例如，美国政府近年提出“负责任创新”原则，要求在保障国家安全和金融稳定的前提下鼓励区块链技术有序发展siis.org.cn。比特币的发展恰体现了这一点：它采用公开区块链，但通过巧妙的机制设计和增量升级，为合法用户提供类似现金的隐私空间，而不公然为洗钱者大开方便之门。

2. UTXO 模型与账户制的本质区别

比特币采用 UTXO（未花费交易输出）模型记录账本，这与传统银行或以太坊的账户模型截然不同。简单类比来说，UTXO 模型类似于现金交易，账户模型则类似于银行账簿nervos.org。在 UTXO 模型下，每笔交易消耗之前的输出并创造新的输出，币值被划分成离散的“硬币”单元；就如同用一枚金币付款找零，找零过程会销毁原金币并造出面额不同的新币docs.glassnode.comdocs.glassnode.com。每个 UTXO 都隶属于某个地址，而地址通常由用户一次性使用，这使得难以直接将所有交易关联到同一身份nervos.org。换言之，比特币系统并不追踪“账户余额”，而是追踪散落在各地址下的一笔笔未花费输出nervos.org。用户的钱包余额只是所有这些 UTXO 金额的总和。

与之相比，账户模型则维护全球状态，每个账户有持续的余额记录，很容易基于固定的账户识别用户身份cexplorer.io。账户体系下，多笔交易进出同一账户，会在账本中清晰显示某人所有的资产变动情况。这种透明度对监管有利，但也意味着隐私的天然缺失——资金流向可以直接与账户持有人绑定。UTXO 模型天生提供了更大的隐私空间，因为每笔交易可以使用新的地址，外部观察者难以确定多个交易是否属于同一主体nervos.org。正如贵金属或现金交易中，实物的流转不记名，UTXO 的分散性赋予了用户类似实物货币的隐私保护。而账户体系更像实名登记的银行账户，所有交易活动都集中在同一名下，隐私隔离性较弱。

需要强调的是，UTXO 模型提供的是**“笔名制”隐私而非完全匿名。区块链上的地址并不直接揭示身份，但如果有人能将地址与现实身份对应起来（例如通过交易所KYC记录），那么UTXO交易历史的透明特征仍可被利用。因此，比特币底层设计选择在匿名性与可追溯之间折中：通过UTXO提供尽可能的去身份化交易记录，同时保留全网公开可审计的交易流动性。这种设计一方面满足了反洗钱(AML)**对可追溯性的最低要求（所有交易公开上链），另一方面也为合法交易提供了一定程度的隐私遮蔽（地址不直接对应实名）。这种隐私“空隙”是比特币协议保守创新的起点。它类似于现金的特性——现金交易不记录买卖双方身份，但大额可疑现钞交易仍可通过其他线索引起执法注意。同理，UTXO 模型下小额日常交易可保持去身份化，而异常模式的资金流动仍可能触发监管机构的区块链分析关注。

3. CoinJoin 的实现方式与监管意义

为进一步拓展隐私，比特币社区发展出多种链上混合机制，其中最典型的是 CoinJoin。CoinJoin 是一种无须信任中介的协作交易方法：将多个付款人的转账合并在一笔交易中，从而混淆外部观察者对“谁在向谁付款”的判断en.bitcoin.it。其核心思想由 Gregory Maxwell 于2013年提出，利用比特币交易可以有多个输入和输出的特性，组织多个参与者共同构造一笔交易，每个参与者提供若干输入并得到自己预期的输出。由于区块链上只记录了一笔合成交易，外界难以确定哪笔输入对应哪笔输出，实现交易参与者之间的匿名性集。典型的 CoinJoin 实现会让所有参与者约定使用相同面额的输出（例如每人都拆分成若干个0.1 BTC的输出），这样链上看到多个等额输出时，无法分辨这些输出原先属于哪个参与者en.bitcoin.it。同时，每个参与者通常还会得到找零输出，从而保持总额不变。通过这种方式，一次 CoinJoin 交易实质上打乱了资金的对应关系，达到了“混币”的效果。

CoinJoin 的技术细节体现出比特币协议层面的巧妙设计：比特币交易的输入签名彼此独立，因此完全可以由不同用户分别签署再合并，只要所有必要签名齐备，交易便有效en.bitcoin.it。这意味着多个彼此不信任的用户可以在不交出控制权的情况下共同生成一笔交易——整个过程无需更改比特币协议，一切遵循既有规则即可完成en.bitcoin.it。这种协作混合交易在链上结构特征通常为：多个来源地址（输入）对应多个去向地址（输出），且输出面额往往存在重复值，使传统“通过金额和地址关联交易”的分析方法失效。由于 CoinJoin 交易并不标注参与者身份，它在区块链数据上与普通交易不可区分，尤其当其输出面额设计得不像刻意等值时，更增添了辨识难度。

然而，正是这种加强隐私的技术，引起了监管机构对潜在滥用的关注。反洗钱机构将此类混合服务归类为“增加匿名性风险的活动”。FATF（金 融 行 动 特 别 工 作 组）的报告将使用混币器视为一项重要风险指标，指出“不少犯罪分子利用混币/Tumbling服务来遮蔽资金来源或去向”fatf-gafi.org。从监管角度看，CoinJoin 等机制本身具有中立性，但其用途可能涉及掩盖非法所得流转，从而引发执法部门警惕。在现实案例中，确有不法分子尝试利用 CoinJoin 逃避监管：例如 2016 年 Bitfinex 交易所黑客窃得巨额比特币后，多年间反复采用Wasabi钱包的 CoinJoin 功能清洗资金，被称为“当时最先进的洗钱手法”time.com。又如2021年美国司法部破获的臭名昭著案件中，一对夫妻涉嫌协助清洗 Bitfinex 被盗比特币，调查发现他们使用了 CoinJoin 来试图匿名化交易，但最终仍因区块链的永久记录和执法部门的链上分析技术而落网time.comcointelegraph.com。这说明混合交易并非万能护身符：对于有能力的执法机构而言，大额异常的链上混合行为依然可能被捕捉和溯源，只是增加了分析难度和取证成本。

监管机构对于混币工具的法律立场逐渐明晰。在美国，FinCEN（金融犯罪执法网络）早在2013年指导意见中即表明，经营虚拟货币兑换或传输业务需遵守《银行保密法》(BSA)规定。2019年FinCEN进一步明确：提供混币/搅币服务的机构属于货币服务业务（MSB），必须登记注册并履行反洗钱义务fincen.gov。简言之，运行CoinJoin服务即视同资金汇兑业务，需要实行KYC、报告可疑交易等合规措施，否则即属非法经营。在2020年，美国首次对比特币混币服务施加严厉制裁：运营 “Helix”混币器的 Larry Harmon 被指控未经许可经营MSB并协助洗钱，被FinCEN处罚6000万美元，后又被法院判处入狱三年fincen.gov。执法调查显示，Harmon经营的混币服务三年内处理比特币逾350,000枚，且主动宣传可匿名购买毒品等非法商品，这些行为严重违反了反洗钱法fincen.govfincen.gov。这一里程碑案例表明，美国司法实践已将第三方混币服务视作违法，运营者须承担刑事及民事后果。

与此对应的是，如果仅提供去中心化的软件工具而非代客操作，则法律定位有所不同。FinCEN在2019年声明中也承认，提供匿名化软件本身不构成货币传输服务cliffordchance.com。这为比特币协议层面的创新留下了空间：开发者可以创造CoinJoin钱包或协议，让用户自行对等完成混合交易，而不涉及中介经手资金。在这种架构下，软件提供方不直接“控制”客户资金流，因而不被视为MSB。然而，监管的灰度在于，如果软件提供方设立了协调服务器并从中收取服务费，是否变相成为了混币业务经营者？对此，不同司法辖区可能有不同解读。一些CoinJoin实现（如Wasabi钱包的协调器）选择主动限制自身角色，以避免落入监管“经营服务”的范畴。同时，也有业内主体为了降低监管冲击而做出让步。例如，隐私钱包 Wasabi 的开发公司（注册于英国）在2022年宣布，其CoinJoin协调服务器将拒绝可疑的非法来源资金参与混币cointelegraph.com。该公司通过黑名单过滤特定的UTXO来防止明显带有犯罪特征的币混入池内，此举被视为向执法机构妥协的“自律”措施cointelegraph.comcointelegraph.com。虽然此举在隐私社区引发争议，但从监管角度看，这是行业努力寻求平衡的体现：即允许合法用户继续享有隐私工具，同时遏制不法分子滥用。类似地，FATF和各国监管者也在加强对混币器的监控合作，包括将臭名昭著的混币平台列入制裁清单（如2022年美国OFAC先后制裁了比特币混币服务Blender.io和以太坊混币器Tornado Cash，因其被朝鲜黑客用于清洗盗窃资金）cliffordchance.com。

综合来看，CoinJoin技术本身并不违反法律——正如现金本身不违法，但用于洗钱即涉罪。关键在于使用目的和主体。比特币协议通过CoinJoin提供了增强隐私的可能性，这是对抗链上数据监控、维护币值可替代性（fungibility）的“保守式创新”举措en.bitcoin.it。它在技术上避免了对底层协议的破坏，也没有阻断执法取证的所有途径（大额交易所的进出仍需KYC，链上记录依然永久留存）。监管机构目前的态度是在不取缔技术本身的前提下，加强对相关服务商和可疑行为的监管。对于商业银行运营者而言，这意味着应当了解CoinJoin交易的链上特征及合理用途：并非凡是CoinJoin输出即等同非法，必须结合上下文判断真实风险。同时，银行也需遵循监管指引，对来自明显混币路径的资金提高尽调级别，必要时提交可疑交易报告。但反过来说，在合规框架下，合理使用CoinJoin提升客户隐私并不直接违法。例如，一些合规的比特币托管机构会允许用户提币时自行使用CoinJoin，以保护客户交易历史不被外界窥探——前提是资金本身来源清白、去向明确记录。这样的做法体现了隐私与反洗钱并非绝对对立：通过适当的程序设计，可以在不违背法规的情况下给用户更多隐私保障。

4. Lightning Network 的中介态地位

*闪电网络（Lightning Network）*是比特币之上的第二层协议，它通过链下通道实现高速小额支付，被视为比特币在隐私和扩容上的一大创新。闪电网络的运作机制，是两方在链上创建一个支付通道（开设一笔特殊的多签交易作为锚定），然后在通道内部通过数字签名即时交换比特币所有权。这些频繁发生的链下交易并不记录在区块链上，只有当双方最终关闭通道时，链上才结算通道的最终余额状态。由于大部分交易被转移到链下，闪电网络具有先天的隐私中介性质：外界只能看到通道开启和关闭的两笔链上交易，而通道内部可能发生了上千笔支付却无从获知细节。这使得闪电网络的交易不可被区块浏览器直接追踪，从而大大减少了链上分析能够获取的信息cointelegraph.comcointelegraph.com。对于普通用户而言，这种“离链”处理提升了交易私密性和即时性；对于商业银行合规部门而言，闪电网络则带来了全新的挑战和机遇。

从合规角度看，闪电网络的位置有些类似于**“灰盒”：介于传统金融和完全公开区块链之间。一方面，闪电节点间的转账采用类似于Tor洋葱路由的加密跳转，每一跳节点只知道前一站和后一站，路径中继信息被隐藏，这为交易双方提供了接近匿名的路径隐私。另一方面，闪电通道的资金最终还是要通过链上比特币进出，这些开关通道的动作依然在公共账本上透明可见。因此，监管可以将注意力聚焦在出入口**：当资金从交易所等受监管机构流入闪电通道，或从闪电通道流回受监管机构时，对相关主体进行KYC和流向监控。这类似于对银行资金流出进入现金流通领域的监管思路——现金在社会中如何流转难以监控，但银行对大额取现和存现可以执行申报和审查。同理，闪电网络内部的细小支付难以逐笔监视，但大型入口/出口操作（如大量资金通过闪电通道转移）可以被标记关注。

闪电网络的挑战在于匿名性和跨境性。由于节点运行不需要许可，任何人在全球范围内都可架设闪电节点并参与路由，中间节点既看不见支付金额（只有通道余额变化）也不知交易来源和目的地。这种设计初衷是在技术上保护用户隐私和抗审查，但也意味着传统“旅伴规则”（Travel Rule）的信息传递机制难以直接应用于闪电支付。根据FATF的“VASPs旅行规则”，虚拟资产服务商之间转账需在金额阈值以上共享客户身份信息。然而闪电网络的交易路径通常不经过中心化服务商：大多是用户自行操作钱包直连，对等网络中路线随机。即便有部分交易通过托管型闪电服务（如托管钱包）发起，目前也缺乏成熟方案让节点在支付时附带KYC信息。因此，闪电网络被视为现行AML框架下的“监管空白地带”之一：合法的小额支付在其中获得极大便利，但不法分子也可能尝试利用其快速转移资金、不留痕迹的特性来层层拆分洗钱。

监管机构正逐步关注这一动向。一方面，他们强调同样的法规原则适用于闪电网络：凡是以营利为目的替他人传输资金者，无论通过链上或链下，都应履行反洗钱义务。比如，FinCEN在2023年提出的预防性规则中，将“虚拟货币混合作为特定受关注领域”，虽未明指闪电网络，但也释放出对任何有意提高匿名性的交易技术加强监管的信号cliffordchance.comcliffordchance.com。对于提供托管式闪电服务的机构，情况类似于交易所或托管钱包，需要注册MSB并执行KYC/AML流程。例如，一些提供闪电充值提现的公司在美国选择直接停止服务，以规避未能及时合规的风险——2023年11月，知名闪电钱包“Wallet of Satoshi”团队宣布将应用从美国区店下架，并停止为美国用户提供服务，称这是一个“艰难的决定”cointelegraph.com。虽然官方未明言原因，但业内推测此举与美国严格的合规环境有关：Wallet of Satoshi 属于全托管闪电钱包，依据美国法律应当取得货币传输牌照并遵循诸如Travel Rule等要求。在监管不确定性和合规成本高企的情况下，其选择退出美国市场，凸显了闪电业务在强监管司法管辖区所面临的压力。

另一方面，监管者也看到闪电网络的机遇：它有潜力降低链上交易拥堵、提升小额支付经济性，这对正规金融机构也是有利的创新。例如，银行可以利用闪电网络为客户提供秒级跨境小额汇款服务，在合法场景中比特币闪电通道可作为支付轨道，满足实时结算需求，同时因金额小、风险低可以适当简化手续。在香港等地，监管机构鼓励金融创新与风控并进。香港金管局在2023年修订的AML指引中提及，要采取风险为本方法看待新技术应用，并避免一刀切地拒绝虚拟资产相关业务，提倡审慎前瞻的态度来对待这类创新支付方式kwm.comkwm.com。英国FCA也提出**“不妨碍创新”的监管理念**，在确保核心AML要求落实的同时，为新支付技术留出试验空间。在这种氛围下，如果商业银行运营总监能够深入理解闪电网络的运行原理，就有机会将其优势用于合规的业务模式中。例如，银行可充当闪电通道的受信任节点，为客户提供经KYC的闪电支付渠道：银行对接入的客户身份尽职调查，并监控异常大额流动，而对客户小额高频交易则通过闪电网络实现即时低费率完成。这种模式下，银行相当于在闪电网络和传统体系之间架设合规桥梁，既不牺牲客户隐私（因为具体小额交易不公开），又满足反洗钱“看得见、管得了”的要求。

概言之，闪电网络作为中介态层，为比特币交易的隐私与效率提供了极大提升，但也要求金融机构调整传统AML手段：由链上监控转向节点端口监控。运营总监需要关注闪电通道的资金进出量、识别可疑的频繁开关通道行为，以及配合跨境情报分享以防范有人利用闪电网络在不同司法区之间快速转移赃款。在风险可控的前提下，闪电网络完全可以成为合规金融工具箱的一部分，而不是监管的对立面。

5. PayJoin（BIP-78）的机制与合规设计

PayJoin（又称P2EP，Pay to Endpoint）是一种由两方协作完成的特殊比特币交易结构，可视作CoinJoin的简化版和升级版。它由比特币改进提案BIP-78标准化，于2019年由开发者 Nicolas Dorier 提出bips.devbips.dev。PayJoin 的典型场景是付款人与收款人在一次支付过程中联手构造交易：收款人提供一个比特币收款地址和一个临时服务器端点，付款人发起交易时，不仅花费自己的UTXO，还从收款人处获取一个UTXO一同作为输入加入交易bitcoinops.org。换言之，交易的输入来自付款人和收款人双方，而输出则包括正常的付款金额给收款人（可能与常规付款金额不同，因为收款人也贡献了输入）以及付款人的找零。这种设计使链上观察者难以分辨哪些输入属于谁、哪个输出是真正的支付款，进而打破链上常用的“共同输入属于同一实体”推断bitcoinops.org。PayJoin 交易在区块链上看起来与普通交易无异：它不像传统CoinJoin那样有许多相等面额的输出，不具有明显的混币特征en.bitcoin.iten.bitcoin.it。因此，区块链分析公司难以再用简单启发式判断支付关系，从而极大增强了支付双方的隐私。

PayJoin 的技术流程可以概括如下：bips.dev首先，收款人在生成比特币收款二维码（BIP-21 URI）时，附带一个pj=端点，表示自己支持PayJoin并提供了协商接口。付款人扫描发票后，钱包客户端先构造一笔常规交易（只含付款人的输入和相应输出），然后将该未签名交易通过HTTP发送到收款人的pj端点。收款人服务器收到后，在交易中加入自己预先选定的一枚UTXO作为额外输入，并相应地增大将付给自己的输出金额（因为收款人也贡献了一部分资金，需要“找零”返还），形成一个新的交易方案。收款人签署自己那部分输入后，将半签名交易返回给付款人。付款人验证交易未被篡改（如支付目标金额正确等），再签署自己部分的输入。最终，这笔包含双方输入的完整交易被广播到比特币网络并记入区块链bips.devbips.dev。

举例来说，Alice 要向 Bob 支付1 BTC货款。传统做法是Alice用她的一枚≥1 BTC的UTXO付款，找零归还自己；Bob收到1 BTC。但在PayJoin中，假设Alice有一枚0.6 BTC和一枚0.5 BTC的UTXO，Bob手上有一枚0.4 BTC的UTXO未花费。那么Alice可先构造一笔用0.6+0.5两枚UTXO支付1 BTC的交易（找零0.1给自己）。Bob看到后，可以加入自己的0.4 BTC作为输入，并将支付给自己的输出从1 BTC增加到1.4 BTC，同时让Alice的找零相应减少为0.1-0.4=-0.3 BTC（负数意味着Alice其实付出了0.3 BTC + 原本的0.1找零共0.4 BTC给Bob，正好匹配Bob贡献的输入）。经过这种调整，最终交易输入包括Alice的0.6和0.5、Bob的0.4，总计1.5 BTC；输出包括Bob收到的1.4 BTC（其中Bob净得+1 BTC，含回自己的0.4）和Alice的找零0.1 BTC。链上观察者只看到Alice和Bob的若干输入共同支付了1.4 BTC给Bob的地址，以及0.1 BTC给Alice的找零地址。从表面上看，这可以被解释为Alice支付了1.4 BTC给Bob并收到0.1找零，也可以解释为Bob支付了一部分钱给自己（看似无意义）而Alice支付剩余部分给Bob，没有任何方法从区块数据确定真实的1 BTC支付额en.bitcoin.it。如此一来，支付本身的隐私性大幅提升，但交易合规性并未受损：Alice和Bob各自知道自己的出资与所得，交易双方的信息完整，可在需要时向监管说明实际资金流。只不过对于无知情权的第三方而言，这笔交易等同于谜题，大大降低了链上监控的可行性。

PayJoin 体现了比特币协议层治理的一种思路：通过开放标准增强隐私而不违反共识规则。作为BIP-78标准，PayJoin获得了社区认可并被多款钱包和支付处理工具采纳。例如，开源支付网关BTCPay Server自2020年以来支持商户端默认启用PayJoin收款bitcoinops.org；隐私钱包Wasabi和Samourai等也相继实现了对BIP-78的支持，让用户在日常支付中方便使用此功能bitcoinops.org。这些采用者本身都属于守法经营的实体（BTCPay服务的商户需遵守当地法规，Wasabi等钱包开发团队在合规压力下甚至实行过黑名单机制如前述），因此PayJoin的推广更多是为了保护良性用户的隐私，而非为洗钱提供新工具。相较于CoinJoin混合许多陌生资金，PayJoin每次仅涉及一名付款人和一名收款人，没有第三方参与资金池，故不存在“大规模匿名化”效果，只有针对该笔支付的信息隐藏。这使其很难被犯罪分子用于清洗巨额资金：因为两两配对支付的效率和匿名集规模都远不及混币池。而在合法场景下，PayJoin倒是十分实用——例如商户可以在不增加负担的情况下自动参与客户的支付交易，从而保护商户与客户双方的财务隐私不被区块链分析公司过度窥探。正如Bitcoin Optech对其评价的那样，PayJoin增强了支付双方以及整个比特币用户群的隐私bitcoinops.org，“通过让交易难以被拆解归属，有利于全网的隐私性”。

从合规设计上看，PayJoin 非常“克制”。首先，它不改变交易总额的去向：收款人仍收到应得的款项，只是多走了一步“先支付给自己再找零”的形式；付款人也仅花费了自己该付的钱（只是混杂在更大金额输出中）。因此，从资金流合法性来说，PayJoin 没有引入额外的模糊地带，每一笔输出都有明确的实际归属方。其次，PayJoin 不依赖任何中心化第三方来撮合，多在客户端与商户服务器间通过一次HTTP通讯完成。这意味着没有一个专门的“PayJoin服务提供商”需要承担MSB责任，整个流程更像是点对点协议的一部分。再次，由于收款人参与其中，通常收款人本身是提供商品或服务的商家，其身份在交易关系中是已知的。比如某客户通过PayJoin向商家付款，商家在自己后台记录中可以注明该笔订单已通过PayJoin支付，对应链上交易哈希等。如果日后监管调查，需要了解这笔混淆过的交易情况，商家完全能够提供证据证明谁是付款人、金额多少，只不过这些信息未写入区块链而已。这跟传统现金交易后的记录有异曲同工之处：账本上可能只显示商家收款入账，但商家收据上会注明付款人是谁。同样，PayJoin 实现了链上隐私但保留了链下记录的可能性。

当然，PayJoin 的兴起也让链上分析公司感到头疼：因为一旦这种交易普及，过去依据“共同输入推断同一所有者”的分析方法将失效en.bitcoin.it。这实际上提升了比特币整体的抗审查能力，却也令执法部门的链上自动监测工具需要升级。不过，从监管角度来看，PayJoin 并未妨碍司法调查：由于它没有像大型混币那样引入不特定多方，执法者可以通过传统调查手段（如向已知商家调取交易记录）来还原真相。可以说，PayJoin把隐私权和合规需求巧妙地划出了界限——公开账本不再暴露一切细节，但真正有合法权利需要知道的人（交易相对方、执法部门）依然有途径获取所需信息。这正是比特币“保守式创新”的精髓体现：在不破坏既有法律框架的前提下，通过协议改进最大程度保护用户正当隐私。

6. 对比“合用账户”与 PayJoin 的区别及法律可识别性

传统金融中，两个或以上主体共同使用资金，通常采用联名账户（Joint Account）的形式。例如，商业合作伙伴或夫妻可以开设联名银行账户，账户内资金由各持有人共同所有和支配。法律对这类账户的身份和权益归属有清晰界定：银行会对每位账户持有人进行尽职调查（KYC），账户资金的法定所有人就是账户登记的所有持有人。账户交易的责任也由持有人按合同分担。即使账户资金混合来源不一，法律上可以通过约定或推定原则划分各自的受益权益（例如按照存入金额或签署协议比例）birketts.co.ukbirketts.co.uk。重要的是，无论账户内资金如何流动，监管和执法都知道关联到该账户的自然人/法人是谁。因此，联名账户实现了多人合用资金的便利，但透明度依然存在于金融机构与监管视野内：多名持有人均是可识别、可问责的主体。

相比之下，PayJoin 在链上呈现出的“共同支付”情形并没有建立任何持久的联合账户或法律实体关系。一次PayJoin交易虽然包含了两方的输入，看起来是“两个人一起付了一笔钱”，但区块链并未记录这两个人各自的身份或份额。这就引出一个问题：法律上能识别PayJoin参与者吗？ 链上数据本身无法直接识别，需要结合链下信息。比如在前述客户与商家通过PayJoin交易的例子中，区块链只显示一笔来自多个地址的交易。如果不借助商家提供的订单记录，外部第三方很可能误以为这些输入都属于同一人控制（传统heuristic的误判）en.bitcoin.it。因此，从纯链上证据看，PayJoin让法律主体识别变得困难：执法人员若仅依据区块数据，很难断定这笔交易涉及两个独立当事人。然而，并不意味着法律就无法识别—关键在于索取链下佐证。正如上节所述，每笔PayJoin交易的当事双方自己清楚出资和收款情况。如果其中一方如商家是受监管实体（有KYC义务），那其记录就能将链上地址对应回实名。即便双方皆为个人，在调查情况下，也可通过钱包日志、通信记录等证明彼此在对应时间协作构建了该交易。因此，从法律证明角度，PayJoin的参与者身份是可还原的，只是需要额外的信息链路，比常规转账要绕一点。

值得注意的是，英美法系对类似“共同出资支付”并非没有概念可循。在英国法下，若两人共同出资购买资产但无明文协议，法院可能探寻双方的共同意图和出资比例来确定各自权益（如适用衡平法上的推定信托原则）birketts.co.ukbirketts.co.uk。PayJoin交易本质上是双方共同“出资”完成了一次支付，因此在极端情况下（比如交易发生纠纷，双方就其中款项归属产生争议），法院或仲裁机构也可参考类似思路：审查双方对支付金额的约定，以及各自贡献和收益，从而确认真正的资金流向。不过，与联名账户不同的是，PayJoin不涉及长期共同持有资金，它只是一个瞬时的合伙支付行为。交易完成后，资金立即分别归属该去向的单一主体（收款人得到款项、付款人拿回找零）。不存在一个持续的“共同账户”载体来容纳双方资金。因此，法律上无需也无法对PayJoin建立类似联名账户的架构。每一方仍然只对各自收到或支出的部分负责，没有形成新的共同财产。

对于监管机构而言，联名账户容易监控——银行定期报告账户活动，所有相关个人信息齐全；而PayJoin交易如果不借助外部信息，单凭链上模式就难以分辨出来。这既是其隐私优势也是监管难点。但反过来看，PayJoin也没有引入无法克服的匿名性：它没有混杂无关联的第三方资金，交易双方实际彼此熟知，是一对一有联系的。这与完全匿名的暗网混币有本质区别。可以说，PayJoin更像两人私下结伴去银行各取一部分现金，然后合在一起交给第三人——银行账上只看到第三人存入一笔总额，但两人的个人取款银行各自有记录。因此如果第三人涉嫌违法受款，调查人员可以从银行调取那笔存款来源的拆分记录，发现实际上来自两人分别的账户。同理，PayJoin的合规思路是在需要的时候，将链上模糊的交易“解压”回两条清晰的资金线。这种设计确保了它在法律可解释性上比起传统CoinJoin混币更强：CoinJoin有时会出现N进N出，每个输出来源于N个输入的混合，法律上很难逐一对应归属，而PayJoin始终是一进一出（一方净支付，另一方净收款），只是混在一起过账。因此，一旦揭示两方身份，各自金额清楚明了，不存在无法区分谁的钱的问题。

具体到普通法体系的英美港三地，对于PayJoin交易目前尚无明文法规或判例直接评述。但可以推测，如果司法或监管机关发现有人采用PayJoin方式来掩饰交易关系，他们会采用实质重于形式的原则看待：关注交易背后的真实当事人和资金用途，而不会被表面上的“单笔交易”假象所困扰。例如，美国FinCEN和司法部在认定洗钱时，核心是看资金是否经过分层、混淆意图隐匿非法来源fatf-gafi.org。PayJoin如果被用于非法用途，那么执法也许需要对相关的钱包服务商、通信记录等进行取证才能还原过程。这增加了调查难度，但并非无法可依。在香港，新的VASP法规下，持牌机构需要对涉及的不寻常交易模式提高警觉。如果客户提现比特币后马上与别人做了一次PayJoin再存回，这种不寻常链路可能会引发问询，要求说明交易目的。英国FCA亦强调，加密资产交易所应监控客户是否使用了高度混淆技术并进行风险评估。在这些框架下，PayJoin如果被理解并检测到，可能会被归类为一种需要额外尽职调查的交易行为。但只要能够解释清楚其合法用途（例如商家为了客户隐私而采用PayJoin收款），法律并不禁止这种交易结构。

最后，从用户角度看，PayJoin其实更接近正常商业行为而非刻意洗钱安排。例如，两家公司合作支付一笔款项给供应商，传统方法可能是成立一个合资实体或开共同账户来出资再付款，而通过比特币PayJoin，两家公司可各自直接拿出一部分比特币，在一次交易中共同支付给供应商，无需建立长期联名账户关系。这种做法在法律上依然体现为各公司分别支付了各自的那部分货款，只是合并成一笔链上交易。因此法律能够识别并追踪每家公司支付的金额（通过公司内部记录），不存在损失审计线索的隐患。可以说，联名账户依赖金融机构去记录和划分共同资金，PayJoin则依赖参与各方自行记录默契合作。前者信息透明在机构，后者信息私密但参与人自知。因此，只要参与方守法经营并做好内部财务纪录，PayJoin并不会削弱法律对资金流的追查能力，它只是让公开账本不再直接泄露交易细节。这对遵纪守法者是利好，对企图躲避监管的大额洗钱者来说反而不是首选工具（因为两两串联洗钱的效率和隐蔽性远逊于大型混币池和离岸账户）。综合而言，在英美港法理下，PayJoin交易应被视为一种正当且可解释的隐私增强支付，通过适当的信息披露即可澄清其性质，并不构成无法识别的法律难题。

7. 应用设想：无需公司设立的合伙支付

展望未来，比特币协议提供的这些机制有望催生新的合规创新应用。例如，利用PayJoin或CoinJoin思想，可以实现“无需公司实体的合伙支付”。设想两个跨境贸易伙伴临时合作采购一批货物，各自承担一半货款。他们不必设立合资公司或开联名账户来筹措资金，而是可以各自准备好比特币，通过一次多输入交易直接将货款支付给供应商。链上只记录供应商收到总货款，至于资金来自两家伙伴公司这一事实则隐匿在交易结构中。这种操作相当于一种即时合伙：双方在支付瞬间形成合作，在支付完成后合作关系即告终结，无需持续的法律实体。这对于一次性项目或临时联盟尤其方便，节省了大量传统金融流程（开设账户、签署联名协议等）。同时，由于比特币交易天然跨境，这笔合伙支付可以绕开繁琐的国际汇款手续，在分钟级别完成结算。

当然，要使此应用合规落地，需要满足若干前提：首先，双方合作伙伴彼此必须信任并有清晰的合同约定，否则仅靠技术协作支付无法确保权益。例如，他们应签署一份协议注明各自出资比例和采购份额，以防日后纠纷。其次，在财务上，每一方仍应登记自己支付了多少款项给供应商，以便审计和税务申报。这一点通过比特币钱包记录和双方对账单据可以解决。再次，供应商若受到监管（如大宗贸易需要申报资金来源），则需在合同中注明货款由两家共同支付，比特币交易哈希作为支付凭证，辅以两家公司声明各自支付了多少。这样，监管方即使在链上看不出细节，也能通过合同资料了解实情。最后，参与各方应确保符合反洗钱要求：如交易金额巨大，需要提前告知银行/监管（因为法定货币转换为比特币的过程可能涉及银行），并确保合作伙伴和供应商都不是制裁或黑名单对象。

在上述框架内，这种无需公司载体的合伙支付完全可以合法合规地运作。它带来的创新性在于降低了商务协作的门槛和提高资金周转效率。例如，中小企业联盟可以临时抱团采购获得批发折扣，用联合支付的方式完成结算，然后各自获得自己的货物份额，无需成立繁杂的联营公司。又比如，多位国际投资人可通过CoinJoin把资金汇聚支付给一个项目发起人，以换取相应代币或股权份额，过程中保护了各自的隐私（外界只能看到项目方收到总款项）——前提是项目合法且投资人信息项目方已经KYC掌握。在香港等金融中心，这类合伙支付概念若能成熟，或许会出现在沙盒测试中：监管机构可以指定一些低风险场景，让持牌机构尝试使用比特币的PayJoin技术为客户提供多人支付服务，观察其运作和风险点。在英国，开放式银行业务的推进下，不排除未来有传统银行与比特币技术公司合作，开发出“Consortium Pay”产品，允许多个企业客户共同发起一个链上支付给供应商，银行在后台负责协调并确保AML合规。而美国作为最大的资本市场，也有可能在明确监管框架后，允许受监管的金融科技公司提供此类合伙支付解决方案，服务于例如私募基金多LP联合出资投资等场景。

需要强调的是，此类应用设想应避免过度理想化。在现实推进中，监管者会审慎评估风险，不会因技术便利而放松对洗钱等的警惕。因此，上述创新更可能一步步渐进实现：先在小额、低风险场景测试，再扩展到更广泛用途。同时，行业需要建立配套的透明机制（如自愿的交易附言备注或链下报告）以令监管安心。例如，几个公司通过合伙支付完成交易后，可以向监管机构备案相关交易哈希和各自出资比例，以取得信任豁免监控的待遇。这类似于今天银行报告大额交易，但具体用途保留商业机密。总之，比特币协议赋予了支付组织形式的灵活性，如何将其用于合规且创造价值的领域，将取决于监管开放态度和从业者的创造力。

8. 结语

综上所述，比特币通过协议机制实现隐私的探索，体现出鲜明的“保守派的创新”特征：它尊重金融领域反洗钱等制度的底线，在此范围内巧妙地寻求隐私与合规的平衡。从UTXO模型的选择，到后来发展的CoinJoin、闪电网络、PayJoin等技术，比特币生态并未一味追求匿名至上的乌托邦，而是尝试在现行法律框架内改善用户隐私体验。UTXO让比特币天然具备类似现金的去名属性，但公开链上记录又确保了交易透明度的基本盘，不至于成为无法监管的黑箱en.bitcoin.it。CoinJoin进一步为自愿的用户群提供了混合匿名环境，同时行业自律和执法打击并行，防止其成为洗钱温床cointelegraph.comfincen.gov。闪电网络则以链下通道降低了小额交易的可追踪性，却仍需通过进出节点受控来维护法规所需的监测点cointelegraph.com。PayJoin更是在日常支付场景中证明，提升隐私不一定以损害合规为代价——两方协作即可隐藏交易图谱，同时交易实质一目了然，无损任何一方的审计责任bitcoinops.orgen.bitcoin.it。这些创新无不遵循渐进改良的路径：它们没有推倒重来地另起一套隐匿系统，而是构建在比特币原有规则之上，通过开放社区的BIP提案机制取得共识，再由市场自发采用。这种稳健的演进保证了社会制度与技术创新的同步适应：当新隐私工具出现时，监管社区也在学习调整，从而在动态博弈中找到了新的平衡点。

对于香港、英国、美国等奉行普通法和重视金融监管的司法区而言，比特币的这一发展路径提供了宝贵的参考。一方面，各国监管者日益认识到，加密技术带来的金融创新并非洪水猛兽，其间蕴含着优化效率和用户权益的新机会。正如FATF提出的，要在鼓励负责任创新的同时管控风险siis.org.cn。比特币的隐私机制若被正确运用，能够保护公民金融隐私权、增强货币可替代性、减少不必要的集中过问，这是与民主法治社会价值相契合的目标。另一方面，实践也证明，通过强有力的监管措施，完全可以将不法分子的滥用遏制在可控范围。链上数据的公开性加上新的分析工具，使执法部门即便在出现混淆技术时，仍能抽丝剥茧地追查重大神秘案件time.com。据Chainalysis等机构统计，近年来加密货币交易中涉非法用途的比例已降至不足0.2%这样的历史低位cointelegraph.com。这表明隐私增强技术的出现并未导致洗钱犯罪失控，相反，隐私与合规正逐步实现良性共存：守法大众享有更安全的个人金融空间，犯罪分子依然难逃法网。商业银行运营总监作为合规体系的重要一环，应当拥抱这种变化，深入理解比特币协议层隐私机制的原理和合规要点。在确保自身机构严格遵守KYC/AML要求的前提下，也可以考虑利用比特币的这些特性开发新业务、服务客户需求。毕竟，隐私保护和反洗钱并非零和博弈——正如比特币生态所展示的，技术创新完全可以服务于保护个人合法权益与维护金融秩序这两大目标的平衡统一。比特币协议层面“保守而创新”的实践，正在为新金融时代如何兼顾自由与安全提供启发，其经验值得我们持续关注和借鉴。

参考资料：

1. Nervos, “UTXO 模型 vs. 账户模型” (2023)nervos.orgnervos.org

2. Bitcoin Optech, “Payjoin”bitcoinops.org

3. Bitcoin Wiki, “PayJoin”en.bitcoin.it

4. Bitcoin Wiki, “CoinJoin”en.bitcoin.iten.bitcoin.it

5. Cointelegraph, “No crypto for criminals: CoinJoin BTC mixing tool to block illicit transactions” (2022)cointelegraph.comcointelegraph.com

6. FinCEN, “第一起比特币混币服务违反反洗钱法遭处罚”新闻稿 (2020)fincen.govfincen.gov

7. Clifford Chance, “FinCEN拟将混币交易列为主要洗钱顾虑” (2023)cliffordchance.com

8. TIME, “如何追踪Bitfinex被盗比特币” (2022)time.com

9. Cointelegraph, “Wallet of Satoshi 美国区下架” (2023)cointelegraph.com

10. 上海国研院, “美国区块链治理策略” (2023)siis.org.cn

11. FATF, “Virtual Assets Red Flag Indicators” (2020)fatf-gafi.org

12. Chainalysis, “2021年加密犯罪报告”cointelegraph.com

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• ServerBox - A server status & toolbox app using Flutter
• SherpaTTS - Text-to-Speech engine based on Next-gen Kaldi
• Shizuku - using system APIs like root with adb/root privileges from normal apps
• ShockAlarm - Material3 app for controlling OpenShock shockers
• Smart AutoClicker - Automating clicks based on what is displayed
• Smartspacer - Customizable widget that enhances the built-in At a Glance feature on Pixels, all without requiring root access.
• Termux:API - Access Android functions from Termux
• Text Tools - Useful text related functions that can be done on the selected text
• Touch Torch - Control your device's flashlight with the tip of your finger
• Traditional T9 - A T9 keyboard for Android devices with a hardware keypad.
• USB Device Info - List USB Devices
• WhatsApp Cleaner - Cleaner for WhatsApp - Clean Redundant Media and Files from Storage
• Winlator - Run Windows apps on Android
• Zimly S3 Backup - Synchronise your media to any S3 compatible storage

@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

• AddictoLogs - Activity tracker for your bad habits
• Barlog - Load your barbell by sliding to a target weight
• BetterCounter - A simple, multi-purpose counter app
• Blood Pressure Monitor - Save and analyze blood pressure values
• Calorimeter - Track your calories!
• Daily Diary - A diary that starts with a blank page every day
• Dog Sports Diary - A diary to keep track of your traings in dog sports.
• ExHale - Track the time since you last smoked and see the progress you've made.
• FastTrack - Track what your body is doing while fasting
• Fitness Calendar - A private and fully offline activity tracker.
• Fivethreeone Log - Track your workouts and progress with the 5/3/1 method.
• Flexify - Track gym progress, visualize graphs, enjoy offline support & timers
• Food You - Track your calories and create a food Diary
• Fortuna - A free and open-source application based on the philosophy of Evaluative Hedonism.
• FW-Wettkampf Funk-Trainer - Here you can train radio messages for the hessian Feuerwehr-Leistungsübung!
• Glucodatahandler - receives Glucodata broadcast from Juggluco app
• Grocy: Self-hosted Grocery Management - ERP beyond your fridge, now on your phone – An awesome companion app for grocy
• Habit-Maker - A reward-based habit tracker for android.
• Habitica - habit building app which treats your life like a Role Playing Game
• Hate It Or Rate It - Track and decide: Love it or leave it with every purchase.
• Healthlog - log health tests, incl. Cholesterol/Sugar/BP/RFT
• Home Medkit - Application with medicines storing and intakes reminders
• Igatha - SOS Signaling & Recovery
• J-K Bike - App that helps build positive bike maintenance behaviours, for rides quick, big
• KitchenOwl - KitchenOwl helps you organize your grocery life.
• Loop Habit Tracker - Track your habits and long-term goals
• LunaTracker - LunaTracker is a newborn baby tracking app.
• MediNote - tracking blood pressure measurements offline
• MedTimer - Med reminders and history with full offline privacy
• Migraine Log - A simple headache diary that respects your privacy
• Mindful - Control your digital habits, improve focus, and boost productivity
• MotionEaseTune - A simple application that can prevent you from motion sickness via 100Hz sound.
• Nextcloud Cookbook - View all your recipes stored in your Nextcloud instance.
• Nov Open Reader - Simple application to read content of Novopen insulin pens using NFC
• OpenFoodFacts - Look up food ingredients, allergens, nutrition facts
• OpenHIIT - OpenHIIT - Open Source Workout Interval Timer
• OpenTracks - A sport tracker buddy that respects your privacy.
• OSM Dashboard for OpenTracks - OpenStreetMap dashboard for OpenTracks
• OSM Dashboard Offline for OpenTracks - Offline variant of the OpenStreetMap dashboard for OpenTracks
• Pedometer (PFA) - (SECUSO) Counts your steps in the background. Customize daily goals.
• Perceived Stress Scale - Are you stressed? Take the test to find out how stressed you are.
• Petals - Take control of your weed consumption
• Plees Tracker - Plees Tracker is a simple sleep tracker for your Android phone.
• Polar Alert - High / low heart rate sound alert
• Portio - Optimize batch cooking! Weigh meals and split portions based on each participant
• Simple Calorie Tracker - Simple calorie tracker mobile app written in React Native
• Simple Gym Logger - React Native app that let you track your progress in the gym
• Simple. : Fitness Simplified. - An easy to use fitness app that lets you create, schedule and track your workout
• Soothing Noise Player - Play soothing sound effects to help you relax and drown out background noise.
• Stepsy: Step Counter - Your lightweight step counting buddy
• Sunrise Signal - Morning wood tracker app for men's health
• Table Habit - Boost your own habit growth with charts.
• trale - trale – a beautiful body weight diary app respecting your privacy
• Track & Graph - Track personal data and create custom graphs to gain personal insight!
• Urn - A mobile, offline urn for majority judgment polls
• Waistline - Libre calorie counter and weight tracker
• Wger Workout Manager - Fitness/workout, nutrition and weight tracker

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

หลังเสียงระเบิดลูกสุดท้ายของสงครามโลกครั้งที่สองเงียบลง สิ่งที่ยังดังต่อไปในบ้านอเมริกันทุกเช้าคือเสียงโฆษณาจากวิทยุที่เตือนว่า “อย่าลืมกินมื้อเช้านะ เพราะมันคือมื้อที่สำคัญที่สุดของวัน” วาทกรรมนี้ไม่ได้หล่นมาจากปากหมอ หรือคำสอนพระ แต่มันลอยออกมาจากกล่องซีเรียลแบรนด์หนึ่งที่ชื่อว่า Grape-Nuts ซึ่งผลิตโดยบริษัท General Foods ที่ตอนนั้นกำลังครองพื้นที่โต๊ะอาหารเช้าทั่วประเทศ

Grape-Nuts เกิดขึ้นมาตั้งแต่ปี 1897 โดยชายชื่อ Charles William Post หรือ C.W. Post ชายหนุ่มที่เคยเข้ารับการรักษาตัวที่ Battle Creek Sanitarium ของหมอ John Harvey Kellogg ผู้คลั่งไคล้ในสุขภาพและการละราคะด้วยการกินคลีนแบบไม่กินเนื้อสัตว์ ที่นั่นเองที่ Post ได้แรงบันดาลใจจากอาหารสำหรับผู้ป่วยที่หมอ Kellogg คิดค้นขึ้น และพอกลับบ้าน เขาก็ลุกขึ้นมาสร้างแบรนด์ซีเรียลของตัวเองในชื่อ Grape-Nuts โดยเน้นเรื่องไฟเบอร์ การย่อย และสุขภาพล้วนๆ

ชื่อ “Grape-Nuts” ฟังแล้วงงใช่มั้ย เฮียจะเล่าให้ฟัง คือเจ้านี่มันไม่มีองุ่น ไม่มีถั่ว แต่ Post บอกว่าซีเรียลของเขาหวานธรรมชาติเหมือนองุ่น และเวลาย่อยจะเกิดสารที่เขาเรียกว่า grape sugar ก็เลยตั้งชื่อว่าประมาณ “ถั่วแห่งองุ่น” ฟังดูเฮลตี้แบบมีความรู้แต่จริงๆ คือชื่อทางการตลาดล้วนๆ ที่หวังจะสร้างจินตภาพใหม่ให้อาหารเช้าแบบแห้งๆ

หลังจากนั้นธุรกิจของเขาก็โตเอาโตเอา กลายเป็น Postum Cereal Company และค่อยๆ เข้าซื้อกิจการของบริษัทอาหารอื่นๆ จนปี 1929 เปลี่ยนชื่อเป็น General Foods Corporation กลายเป็นบริษัทยักษ์ใหญ่ที่ถือครองแบรนด์ดังมากมาย ไม่ว่าจะเป็น Jell-O, Maxwell House, Birds Eye, Log Cabin เรียกว่าครอบคลุมทั้งอาหารแห้ง อาหารสด ของหวาน และเครื่องดื่ม

พอเข้าสู่ยุคสงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง ประเทศสหรัฐฯ ต้องการทุกแรงงาน ทุกมือ และทุกสมองมาช่วยกันเดินหน้าเครื่องจักรสงคราม รัฐบาลประกาศให้การผลิตกลายเป็นภารกิจแห่งชาติ บริษัทใหญ่ๆ ก็เลยรีบเสนอหน้ามาเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของความรักชาติ General Foods ก็ไม่พลาด พวกเขาเปิดแคมเปญผ่านแบรนด์ Grape-Nuts ว่า “Eat a Good Breakfast – Do a Better Job” หรือ “กินมื้อเช้าให้ดี ทำงานให้เยี่ยม” พร้อมประโยคที่กลายเป็นคำขวัญติดหัวคนทั้งประเทศว่า “Breakfast is the most important meal of the day”

พวกเขาไม่ได้บอกว่า “กินของเราแล้วดี” แต่ใช้เทคนิคย้อนศร บอกว่า “ไม่กินมื้อเช้า...ระวังสุขภาพแย่นะ” แล้วค่อยสอดแทรกว่าอาหารเช้าที่เหมาะสม ควรจะเป็นสิ่งที่เทนมใส่แล้วกินได้ใน 2 นาที—นั่นแหละ Grape-Nuts เอง

วาทกรรมนี้ถูกส่งผ่านรายการวิทยุ หนังสือพิมพ์ และโฆษณาทุกแบบที่มีในตอนนั้น โดยอ้างว่า “ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านโภชนาการกล่าวไว้” ซึ่งตอนนั้นยังไม่มีแหล่งอ้างอิงแน่นอนว่าใครคือผู้เชี่ยวชาญคนนั้น แต่ก็ไม่มีใครกล้าค้าน เพราะมันฟังดูถูกต้องและน่าเชื่ออย่างประหลาด

ผลที่ตามมาคืออะไร? คนเริ่มเปลี่ยนวิธีคิดเรื่องอาหารเช้า จากเมื่อก่อนที่มื้อแรกของวันอาจเป็นแค่ขนมปังจิ้มไข่ลวก กากหมูกับข้าว หรือแม้แต่มันต้มจิ้มน้ำปลา กลายเป็นการเทซีเรียลใส่นมเย็น หวานกรุบกรอบทุกคำ และรู้สึกดีเหมือนได้ทำหน้าที่พลเมืองที่ดีไปในตัว เพราะได้รีบออกไปทำงาน

เบื้องหลังของวาทกรรมนี้จริงๆ แล้วคือการต่อยอดกำไรอย่างชาญฉลาดของบริษัทอาหารที่ต้องการเปลี่ยนพฤติกรรมการกินของทั้งประเทศให้หมุนรอบสินค้าในมือของตัวเอง โดยเฉพาะ Grape-Nuts ซึ่งเป็นผลิตภัณฑ์แห้ง เก็บได้นาน ผลิตได้เร็ว และใช้ทรัพยากรน้อยกว่าการปรุงอาหารสดๆ ที่เคยนิยมกันมาแต่ก่อน

กลยุทธ์แบบนี้ฉลาดมาก เพราะมันไม่ได้ขายของโดยตรง แต่มันขาย “แนวคิด” ก่อน แล้วค่อยผูกของเข้ากับแนวคิดนั้นทีหลัง และคนก็เชื่อง่าย เพราะยุคนั้นกำลังหิวหาความมั่นคงทั้งกายและใจหลังเพิ่งผ่านความโกลาหลของสงครามมาหมาด ๆ

แน่นอนว่า General Foods ไม่ได้ทำเรื่องนี้คนเดียว แต่พวกเขาคือเจ้าที่ “เริ่มต้นก่อน” และใช้พลังของสงครามเป็นแรงส่งทางวัฒนธรรม จากจุดเล็กๆ บนกล่องซีเรียล กลายเป็นคำขวัญที่ครูสอนในโรงเรียน พ่อแม่พูดกับลูก และโฆษณาพูดกับคนทั้งประเทศ

แคมเปญประสบความสำเร็จมากถึงขั้นที่บริษัทโฆษณานำไปรีไซเคิลซ้ำให้แบรนด์อื่น เช่น Kellogg’s, Post และ Quaker จนทุกกล่องซีเรียลในซูเปอร์มาร์เก็ตพูดประโยคเดียวกันโดยไม่ต้องนัดหมาย มันกลายเป็นวาทกรรมฝังหัวคนไปแบบเนียน ๆ ว่า ถ้าไม่กินมื้อเช้า จะโฟกัสงานไม่ได้ จะเรียนไม่รู้เรื่อง จะหงุดหงิดง่าย แล้วก็...จะดูเหมือนไม่รักตัวเอง

สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นในยุคนั้นไม่ใช่แค่การตลาด แต่มันคือ “การสร้างความหมายใหม่ให้มื้อเช้า” จากเดิมที่แต่ละบ้านมีวิธีของตัวเอง ก็กลายเป็นการกำหนดสูตรสำเร็จที่มาพร้อมภาพเด็กยิ้ม คนสุขภาพดี และคุณแม่ที่เตรียมโต๊ะให้พร้อมก่อนลูกจะตื่น

นักข่าวจาก The Guardian เคยเขียนไว้อย่างแสบ ๆ ว่า นี่ไม่ใช่แค่แผนการขายของ แต่มันคือ “moralizing through breakfast” หรือการใส่ศีลธรรมลงไปในอาหารเช้า ถ้าไม่กิน ก็เหมือนคนไม่มีวินัย ถ้ากิน ก็เหมือนได้รับการยอมรับ เป็นผู้ใหญ่ที่ดี ดูแลตัวเองได้

ตรงนี้แหละที่น่าสนใจ เพราะมันย้อนกลับไปถึงรากความคิดของหมอ John Harvey Kellogg เมื่อหลายสิบปีก่อน ที่มองว่าอาหารควรถูกออกแบบเพื่อควบคุมจิตใจมนุษย์ให้อยู่ในกรอบศีลธรรม เขาอาจไม่ได้อยากทำการตลาด แต่สุดท้ายบรรษัทใหญ่กลับนำอุดมการณ์นั้นมารีแพ็คในเวอร์ชันที่ขายได้จริง

หลังจากนั้น วัฒนธรรมมื้อเช้าแบบอุตสาหกรรมก็ฝังรากแน่นยิ่งขึ้นในสังคมตะวันตก โดยเฉพาะเมื่อตลาดเริ่มเจาะไปที่เด็ก ๆ ด้วยการ์ตูนมาสคอต ของเล่นในกล่อง และสีสันสดใสที่ล่อตาล่อใจ ในขณะที่เนื้อในกล่องก็เต็มไปด้วยน้ำตาล แป้ง และบางครั้งก็สารเติมแต่งที่ไม่ต่างจากขนมหวาน

น่าสนใจว่าตลอดยุคหลังจากนั้น จนถึงปัจจุบัน คำว่า “Breakfast is the most important meal of the day” ยังถูกใช้ซ้ำโดยแบรนด์อาหารเช้าหลายเจ้าทั่วโลก ทั้งที่ความจริงในทางวิทยาศาสตร์ใหม่ๆ เริ่มตั้งคำถามกับคำกล่าวนี้แล้วว่า จริงหรือ? หรือแค่ “ขายของเก่ง” กันแน่

นักโภชนาการอิสระเริ่มออกมาเปิดโปงว่า คำกล่าวที่ว่า “อาหารเช้าสำคัญที่สุดของวัน” ไม่มีงานวิจัยที่รองรับอย่างชัดเจน มันเป็นเพียงคำที่ถูกทำซ้ำโดยบริษัทที่มีผลประโยชน์เต็มเปา รายงานจาก Livestrong, Reddit Skeptics และหลายแหล่งสรุปตรงกันว่า ประโยคนั้นไม่ได้มาจากแพทย์ แต่มาจากห้องประชุมโฆษณา

แต่ถึงจะรู้แล้วว่าถูกหลอก คนจำนวนมากก็ยังเชื่ออยู่ดี เพราะมันไม่ใช่แค่ข้อมูล แต่มันกลายเป็น ความทรงจำร่วมของทั้งสังคม ไปแล้ว ทุกวันนี้แม้จะมีการศึกษามากมายในเรื่องของมื้ออาหาร แต่อาหารมื้อเช้าก็ยังคงเป็นสิ่งที่ "แตะต้องไม่ได้" ยังคงถูกมองว่าใครไม่กินอาหารเช้าจะโง่

เฮียว่าการตลาดที่แนบเนียนที่สุด ไม่ใช่การเปลี่ยนความคิดคน แต่คือการทำให้คน “จำไม่ได้ว่าความคิดนั้นมาจากไหน” แล้วเผลอเชื่อไปเองว่ามันคือความจริงแต่กำเนิด

เมื่อเฮียมองย้อนกลับไป ก็เห็นชัดเลยว่าอาหารเช้าของเราถูกนิยามใหม่โดยกล่องกระดาษที่ข้างในกรอบแต่ข้างนอกหวานลวง เป็นทั้งของกิน และของหลอกในเวลาเดียวกัน

ทุกวันนี้ เราอาจยังเห็นโฆษณาที่บอกว่า “อาหารเช้าคือเชื้อเพลิงของวัน” หรือ “อย่าออกจากบ้านโดยไม่กินอะไรเลย” แล้วยังเห็นบางโฆษณาบอกว่า "การตากแดดคือการก่อโรคมะเร็งผิวหนัง"

ทั้งที่ความจริงบางทีมื้อเช้าที่ดีที่สุด ก็อาจไม่ต้องอยู่ในกล่องซีเรียล หรือจานขนมปังปิ้ง แต่มันอาจเป็นช่วงเช้าที่เรารู้สึกว่า...วันนี้เราควบคุมชีวิตตัวเองได้อีกวัน ไม่ต้องถูกควบคุมด้วยอำนาจที่มองไม่เห็นใดๆต่างหาก #pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ a2bcfaeb:2b1f789d

Privileged to be in the Bitcoin village for two days conference courtesy of BitBiashara. I wouldn't get such a chance without Bitcoin Making meaningful connections and sharing ideas with the best minds in Bitcoin. My take home is, Bitcoin education is really needed. I will be carrying the message back to my village. God bless Bitcoin. Support our circular economy.

@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

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• Dumpsys Packages Copycat - Provides a detailed summary of all installed packages
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• Mullvad VPN - Protect your online privacy with a fast, trustworthy, and easy-to-use VPN.
• MyPassPlus - Secure password manager for Android that helps you store and organize your passwords.
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@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

• AlgoSorts - understand how sorting algorithms work using the example of animations
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• JMdict droid - A Japanese to English dictionary, based on JMdict.
• Journal - Keep track of substance usage to gain insights on consumption patterns
• JRBP Survey - Jasper Ridge ant survey navigation and data entry
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• lanis - display the substitution plan of a school in the Lanis system
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• LMd - Le Monde diplomatique DE - reader for the german version of "Le Monde diplomatique".
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@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b

联名银行账户的历史、挑战与现代替代方案 —— 兼论 PayJoin 的跨法域教法友好新实践

1. 联名账户的起源与制度逻辑（英美法系）

联名账户的定义与起源。 联名银行账户是指由两个或以上个人共同持有、均有权操作的银行账户birketts.co.uk。这一制度起源于英美普通法下对于共同财产持有的需求，可追溯到不动产共有 (如共有租赁 joint tenancy) 概念在金融存款领域的引入birketts.co.uk。19世纪末到20世纪中叶，欧美银行开始允许多人在同一账户上拥有签字权，方便夫妻或家人联合管理财务，并在账户持有人死亡时避免遗产认证（probate）流程——因此联名账户常被称为“穷人的遗嘱”，作为一种规避遗嘱认证的工具nelsonmullins.comnelsonmullins.com。

共同租赁与生存者权利。 在英国普通法传统中，不动产的 joint tenancy 具有“生存者享有权”（Right of Survivorship），即一名共有人去世后，其份额自动归属存活的共有人。这一理念被移植到银行账户：大多数联名账户在开立时即默认附带生存者权利（JTWROS），存款人之一死亡时，账户资金无须经过遗产程序直接归属于存活者birketts.co.uknelsonmullins.com。英美各州法律以及《统一遗嘱认证法》（UPC）普遍承认这一默认规则，除非开户时有相反约定nelsonmullins.comnelsonmullins.com。这体现了联名账户在制度设计上的核心逻辑：账户法律权属共同且具有延续性，银行只关注账户的法律所有人而不深究每位持有人对资金的实益份额birketts.co.uk。

意图推定与权益归属争议。 尽管法律上联名账户具共同所有与生存者权利，但在实益归属（Beneficial Ownership）上常引发争议birketts.co.uk。英美法院历史上发展出不同理论来推定联名账户资金归属的意图：一是合同理论，认为签署的开户协议本身构成合同，确立各持有人对账户的平等权利（包括死亡后全额归属权）；二是信托/赠与理论，视添加共有人为对其利益的赠与或信托安排birketts.co.ukbirketts.co.uk。英国法院传统上采用推定信托原则：若账户资金完全由一方存入，则推定这笔钱由该方信托持有，除非账户持有人有夫妻、父母子女等特殊关系，此时反推定为赠与（advancement）birketts.co.uk。例如，父母将子女加入账户通常被视为对子女的财产赠与，逝世后余额归子女所有birketts.co.uk；而无亲属关系的人加入账户则多被视为管理方便的安排，资金实益仍属原出资人birketts.co.uk。美国法亦有类似原则，不少州要求若实际意图只是“便利账户”（Convenience Account），需在开户时或遗嘱中明确声明，否则默认视为赠与，账户余额按生存者权利归共同持有人nelsonmullins.comnelsonmullins.com。这种法律推定的复杂性，使联名账户长期存在“制度混乱”局面nelsonmullins.com，历史上大量诉讼围绕共同持有人之间以及继承人之间对账户资金归属的争夺展开nelsonmullins.comnelsonmullins.com。

账户签署模式：“和”与“或”。 另一个制度要点是账户的操作权限。传统英美银行账户协议中，可以指定联名账户为“双方签字”（“A 和 B”账户）或“任一方签字”（“A 或 B”账户）模式investopedia.com。“双方签字”要求所有共有人同意才能支取，保障了共同行使控制权，但使用不便，主要用于企业账户或信托账户；“任一方签字”则允许任一持有人单独操作账户，是夫妻/家庭联名账户的常见形式investopedia.com。印度、英国等地银行常用“Either or Survivor”（任一或生存者）来指明此类账户默认具有生存者继承权mikecoady.com。这一设计体现了联名账户的灵活性：要么强调共同控制，要么强调独立便利。然而正如下文所述，这种便利也带来了诸多法律与实务风险。

2. 美国联名账户的典型法律问题及银行应对

遗产继承与意图冲突。 在美国，联名账户最常见的问题是与遗产规划意图不一致，引发继承纠纷。例如老年父母出于支付账单方便，将成年子女之一加入账户，但并不打算在去世后将全部余额都赠与该子女nelsonmullins.comnelsonmullins.com。如果父母过世前未书面声明账户不作为遗赠，那么按照许多州法律，该账户会绕开遗嘱直接归存活的子女所有nelsonmullins.comnelsonmullins.com。这可能与父母原本打算公平分配遗产给其他继承人的意愿相违背nelsonmullins.com。例如在南卡罗来纳的案例 Abernathy v. Latham 中，母亲生前联名账户本意是方便支付其医疗开销，遗嘱却意图将财产分予另两位非联名子女，但因未在开户时或遗嘱中明确说明，法院仍判定账户余额由共有人（联名女儿）全额继承nelsonmullins.comnelsonmullins.com。为避免此类情况，《统一多方账户法》（已被部分州采纳）要求账户持有人如欲排除生存者权利，须在开户表或遗嘱中有明确书面说明，否则默认视为意图赠与生存者nelsonmullins.comnelsonmullins.com。银行方面也逐渐提供选项，允许客户指定联名账户为“无生存者权利”（类似于按份共有），但这在实践中不常使用，需要客户有明确法律意识。

账户冻结与债权纠纷。 联名账户的另一风险在于，当其中一位持有人遇到法律麻烦（债务、诉讼、税务等），整个账户可能被冻结或强制执行。美国的多数司法辖区视联名账户内资金为各持有人_推定_平等拥有，因此债权人可以申请冻结或扣押债务人姓名下的联名账户，即便另一共有人对债务不知情也可能失去账户资金nolo.comnolo.com。各州对此规定不同：有些州限定债权人仅能扣押账户的一半资金（假定另一半属无债务方）nolo.com；但在另一些州，债权人可申请扣押全部余额，然后由无责共有人举证证明其中有自己出资的部分才能取回nolo.comnolo.com。例如一对兄妹联名账户，如兄弟欠债遭判决，债权人可能要求银行冻结整个账户，妹妹必须提供存款记录等证明哪些钱是自己存入（traceable contributions）才能抗辩解除nolo.comnolo.com。这一过程繁琐且充满不确定性，给无辜共有人带来资金风险。对此风险，银行没有义务主动区分资金归属，只依据账户合同行事nolo.com。为减轻客户顾虑，一些州允许在开户时将账户明确标为“便利账户”（仅供代理操作，不算共同财产），或夫妻开设“Entireties账户”（夫妻整体所有，仅可共同处分，个人债权人不得强制执行），以提供一定保护alperlaw.comnolo.com。但这些选项依赖特殊法规且在不同管辖区差异很大nolo.comnolo.com。因此美国银行通常会在开户协议中提醒联名账户的连带责任（如信用卡联名账户双方对欠款负共同责任investopedia.com）和可能的债权风险，并建议客户慎重选择共有人。

误操作与内部欺诈。 联名账户给予每位持有人几乎不受限制的提款权，因此另一大隐患是账户内部的误用或欺诈。如果一位持有人缺乏理财自律或存在恶意，他/她可单方面提取或转移全部资金，另一持有人事后才发现损失investopedia.comkitces.com。由于银行视所有共有人为合法所有者之一，无法仅凭一方投诉而阻止另一方的提款——银行有合同义务执行任何持有人合法发起的指令kitces.com。这意味着联名账户几乎没有内部制衡：即使银行察觉可疑，也“束手无策”，因为指令来自账户合法共有人kitces.com。受害一方只能通过法院诉讼，主张账户只是“代理/便利”性质、对方违反受托责任 (fiduciary duty) 而挪用资金，尝试追回款项kitces.com。然而举证过程漫长且结果不确定，需要证明当初加名仅为代理方便而非真正赠与kitces.com。正因如此，美国理财顾问常警示客户：不要轻易通过联名账户授权他人理财，否则不仅资金可能被滥用，而且一旦对方出事，您的钱也可能受牵连kitces.comkitces.com。相比之下，更安全的做法是使用有限授权（Power of Attorney）或生前信托来给予代理人有限权限，而非直接共享所有权kitces.comkitces.com。银行业也逐步接受和配合这些替代方案，如核验授权书、副署人等，以平衡便利性和安全性。

3. 海湾国家联名账户的实践与挑战

跨境劳工汇款与联名账户。 海湾阿拉伯国家聚集了大量外籍劳工（尤其来自南亚、东南亚），他们经常需要将收入汇款回家。许多外籍人士选择开立联名账户作为家庭财务工具，例如在本国银行开设自己与配偶或父母的联名账户，以便家人在其海外工作期间共同管理资金或从账户中提取生活费icicibank.comicicibank.com。部分在海湾地区的银行也允许外籍客户与家人开联名账户，方便他们将工资存入并由在家乡的配偶使用附属银行卡取款reddit.com。这种安排在技术上降低了频繁国际汇款的成本和难度。然而，它也带来了法律和文化层面的挑战：一方面，不同国籍/居住地的联名人涉及跨境法规（如外汇管制、税务申报）的复杂性；另一方面，在一些文化中男女或代际间共享账户可能与传统观念不符，需要遵循伊斯兰教法或当地习俗。比如有的穆斯林丈夫可能按照教法允许妻子保有自己财产、不干涉之原则，不倾向于共用账户，而选择直接汇款给妻子个人账户reddit.com。因此，跨境家庭常在便利与合规之间权衡，在联名账户和单独账户+授权取款等模式中做出选择。

家族资产共管需求。 海湾本地富裕家族内部也存在共同管理资产的需求。例如父子共同经营生意、兄弟姐妹联合投资物业等情况，希望有一个共管的账户池。传统上，在海湾阿拉伯社会，大家族通过掌门人代持或设立家族办事处（Family Office）集中管理资产，但现代银行服务也提供了一些新工具。例如阿联酋的 Emirates Islamic 推出了**“家庭储蓄账户”模式，允许多达10位直系亲属各有独立子账户，但共享一个合并余额来获得较高的整体收益率，同时保持每个人账户的私密性和独立使用emiratesislamic.aeemiratesislamic.ae。这被视为传统联名账户的改良：资金并不真正混同，但在银行系统内被视为“虚拟共同体”，以激励家庭存款emiratesislamic.aeemiratesislamic.ae。该方案也明确遵循伊斯兰教法**（如采用 Wakala 投资代理协议分享利润，而非利息）emiratesislamic.aeemiratesislamic.ae。由此可见，海湾银行业在满足家族共同理财需求时，更倾向于结构化解决方案，以避免直接共有人制度带来的法律障碍。

教法继承与账户冻结。 最严峻的挑战是伊斯兰教法的强制继承规则。在海湾阿拉伯国家（如海合会各国），伊斯兰教法（Sharia）通常适用于穆斯林公民的资产继承。根据教法，当账户持有人去世，其资产必须按照固定的继承份额分配给法定继承人（配偶、子女、父母等），个人意愿影响有限。这与普通法系下联名账户“生存者自动继承全部”原则直接冲突gulfnews.comgulfnews.com。因此在如阿联酋等地，无论账户是个人还是联名，只要持有人去世，银行立即冻结账户，直到宗教法院或民事法院完成继承认证gulfnews.comgulfnews.com。联名并不能豁免冻结：即使另一共有人健在且资金主要由其贡献，也不得动用账户，直至法院指令gulfnews.comgulfnews.com。例如一位印度外籍人士在迪拜与妻子共有多个账户，妻子骤然去世后，他发现所有联名账户被法院冻结，无法提款支付日常生活费mikecoady.commikecoady.com。因为按照程序，继承人在申请继承证书时需申报所有死者名下账户，法院即通知各银行冻结资金mikecoady.commikecoady.com。数月后法院根据教法规将款项在丈夫和子女间按教法份额分配（例如丈夫25%、儿子50%、女儿25%mikecoady.com），而不像普通法那样全部归存活配偶mikecoady.com。这一事件突显了联名账户在教法环境下的“危险”：存活共有人不仅无法直接继承，短期内甚至无法动用共同财产gulfnews.comgulfnews.com。为此，当地专业人士建议外籍人士避免在无遗嘱情况下使用联名账户，或至少保证每人有独立账户以备不时之需mikecoady.com。更稳妥的做法是在当地立下符合教法的正式遗嘱，或采用公司/信托架构持有资产，以绕开个人账户直接继承的障碍gulfnews.com。总之，在海湾国家，联名账户因为法域文化差异面临特殊挑战，必须提前规划以防范账户冻结与继承冲突的问题。

4. 联名账户的现代替代方案及局限性

面对上述各种问题，金融和技术领域已经发展出若干替代方案来实现多人共同管理资金的目标，每种方案各有其法律、治理和技术局限。下表对主要替代机制进行比较：

| 替代方案 | 实现方式 | 优点 | 局限性 | | ------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 对公账户/公司账户 | 设立法人实体（公司、合伙企业），以公司名义开银行账户，由多名股东/高管共同控制fdic.gov。 | 法律结构清晰，有公司法保护；可设定多签批准流程；个人债务不直接牵连公司资金。 | 设置和维护成本高（注册、税务、合规）；非家庭场景不便；跨国开户困难。 | | 信托账户 | 设立信托或基金，受托人开设账户代持财产，受益人包括相关个人kitces.com。 | 可定制受托人义务，保障弱势方利益；避开遗产认证，按信托契约分配；在普通法下有成熟法理。 | 在民法或教法地区法律地位不明；设立需专业知识和费用；受托人可能滥用职责（需信任或监管）。 | | 授权与代理 | 不改变账户所有权，通过签署财务授权书或银行授权，让代理人能操作账户kitces.com。 | 手续简单成本低；不转移所有权、不影响继承；授权范围可限定（仅查看、限额支付等）。 | 授权人在法律上无所有权，遇代理破产/去世授权失效；部分机构对授权认受度有限（可能拒绝执行）。 | | 多重签名钱包 | 在加密货币领域使用多签名技术（如2/3签名）管理资金，各方持有私钥，需达成门槛签名才能支出blog.upay.bestmilkroad.com。 | 技术上去中心化，无单点控制；规则灵活（M-of-N签名可定制）；无银行介入、无国界限制；防范单方欺诈或遗失（可设应急密钥）。 | 仅适用于数字资产，不适用法币账户；用户需一定技术能力；法律上不承认“共同签名”财产分配，纠纷解决缺乏司法支持；一旦签名门槛达不到（如一方失联），资金可能冻结在链上。 | | 权限分级系统 | 由银行或金融平台提供，多用户共享同一账户或钱包但权限不同（如主账户人设置子账户/支付限额）。 | 可实现精细控制：如一方全权，另一方仅查询或限额交易；方便家庭理财、企业财务控制；平台往往提供日志追踪增强透明度。 | 核心账户仍属单一法律主体，其他人为被授权人而非真正共有人；授权关系依赖平台规则，法律保障弱；跨机构不可通用，缺乏行业标准。 |

对公账户/公司架构： 通过成立法人实体（如注册有限责任公司或合伙企业）共同持有资金，是许多情况下替代联名账户的方案absolutetrustcounsel.com。例如夫妻可成立一家有限责任公司共同持有投资资产，再以公司名义开银行账户。这将资金从个人名下移至公司名下，从而隔离个人法律风险：一方的个人债权人无法直接针对公司账户执行alperlaw.com。公司章程还能规定账户需多方签字支出，提高内部监督。然而其局限是显而易见的：成立和维护公司需支付注册、审计、报税等成本，对于单纯家庭资金共管显得繁琐；跨境开设公司账户涉及各国法律和合规要求，操作门槛高。因此公司账户更多用于正式商业合伙场景，在普通家庭财务中接受度有限。

信托结构： 信托源于普通法，可作为联名账户的法律替代——尤其在涉及遗产和未成年人利益时更为优越。家长可设立生前信托，把资金转入信托账户，由受托银行按信托契约管理并允许指定受益人共同使用，从而避免形式上的联名kitces.comkitces.com。信托能够细致规定各方的权益份额和职责（受托人对受益人的诚信义务 Amanah），并可跨越死亡事件自动过渡产权，无需冻结账户或经过繁琐继承程序。然而信托在许多民法或伊斯兰法系国家并无完善的法律框架（例如一些海湾国家对家族信托的承认有限），设立信托往往需要借助离岸法域（如开曼群岛、新加坡的信托法律）coinshares.com。此外，信托涉及专业法律文件起草和持续监管成本，对一般用户门槛较高。若受托人滥用职权，受益人必须诉诸法院救济，也存在道德风险。因此信托虽在英美被视为解决联名财产问题的黄金标准，但在跨法域环境下其可行性取决于当地法律制度支持程度。

授权代理： 这是不改变资金所有权又能实现共同管理的简单途径。很多美国老人不愿直接加子女为联名人，改为签署广泛的持久财务授权书 (Durable Power of Attorney)，授权子女在自己失能时管理账户kitces.com。银行也提供第三方授权形式，比如在账户中登记一位“代理签字人”。授权的优点是保留资产独立性：资金仍属原主，无需担心代理人个人债务牵连；同时授权可随时撤销或修改。不过授权并非万能：若授权人去世，授权自动失效，代理人无法再动用账户（此时资产转由遗产程序处理）nelsonmullins.comnelsonmullins.com。此外，不是所有国家/银行都乐于承认外国授权文件，实际操作中代理人可能仍遇阻力（一些银行出于合规会对代理指令多加审查）。因此授权适合作为短中期的账户共管方案，但不能完全解决死亡继承和跨境问题。

多重签名数字钱包： 在区块链和加密货币领域，多重签名 (multi-sig) 技术成为实现“多人共管资金”的创新方案blog.upay.bestmilkroad.com。例如，两位商业伙伴可以创建一个比特币2-of-2多签钱包，任何转出交易需要双方的数字签名，类似银行账户要求两把钥匙同时拧开保险箱。这种技术不依赖中心机构：资金由去中心化网络维护，任何一方单独无法挪用，使内部欺诈风险降至最低。同时，它突破了国界，在不同法域的人都可共同控制同一钱包。然而，当前多签钱包主要限于加密资产，对于法币存款并不可用。即便在加密领域，也存在治理难题：法律层面不承认密码学上的“共有”概念，如果多签持有人发生纠纷或死亡，传统法院很难介入分配私钥或代为执行交易river.comriver.com。例如一方去世未留下其私钥，除非智能合约预设了应急方案（如超时解锁给存活方或预留第三方密钥），否则资金将永久锁定链上。又如一方恶意拒绝签名，另一方只能尝试技术或社工手段获取签名，无正规法律途径解决。总的来说，多签提供了技术上的安全与中立，但牺牲了一定的便捷性和法律可追索性，目前更适合高信任度团队或对安全性要求极高的场景（如加密货币交易所的资产托管）。

权限分级的账户系统： 随着金融科技的发展，一些银行和支付平台推出了多用户权限功能，试图兼顾多人使用的便利与风险控制。例如某些数字银行允许一个主账户下开设子账户，各账户持有人拥有独立登录、卡片，但资金在后台链接，实现类似家庭钱包的效果。主账户持有人可以设定每个副账户的额度和权限（只能消费不可转出等），既给家人财务自由又保留总体控制。这类方案实质上还是一个人拥有账户，其余是被授权用户，只不过科技手段让用户体验上接近联名账户。这种权限分级系统可以灵活定制规则（比如双重确认大额支出、实时通知等），非常适合企业财务（类似传统网银的“双人复核”）或家庭预算（如给孩子的零用卡）。局限在于：法律关系上账户只属于主用户，其余人没有法律所有权，因此如果主用户出事，账户仍会被冻结，其他人权益无保障。此外，不同银行平台各自为政，缺乏统一标准，一旦跨行或跨境，此类授权无法延伸。在监管层面，这种模式也引发KYC疑问：银行需要对所有实际使用者尽职调查，否则可能出现非账户持有人匿名使用资金的情况。

综上，各种替代方案各自解决了传统联名账户的一部分问题，却也引入新的限制。没有一种方案能完美覆盖法律、治理、技术各方面：对公账户和信托提供法律清晰度但成本高、地域受限；授权和权限分级提升便利但不改变根本权属；多签钱包实现了跨境共同控制但游离于现行法律框架之外。正是在这样的背景下，新兴的PayJoin技术引人注目——它并非传统意义上的“账户”或“契约”，而是一种交易机制，可能在跨法域和教法环境下提供一种创新的资金共管思路。

5. PayJoin 技术机制与联名账户的比较

PayJoin 的原理简介。 PayJoin（又称 P2EP，Pay-to-Endpoint）是一种比特币交易的隐私增强技术，其核心思想是：让交易的接收方也贡献一部分输入river.com。在传统的单方支付中，一笔交易的所有输入通常都来自付款人，这泄露了一个隐私信息：这些输入地址很可能属于同一人（区块链分析中的“共同输入归属假设”）river.com。PayJoin 则打破这一假设：收款人预先与付款人沟通，同意在收到款项时由自己提供一个UTXO作为交易输入之一，然后双方构建一个包含多笔输入、输出的联合交易payjoin.orgpayjoin.org。例如，Alice 向 Bob 支付 1 BTC，传统做法是 Alice 提供1 BTC输入-> Bob 的地址。PayJoin 下，可能变成：Alice 提供0.6 BTC输入，Bob 提供0.5 BTC输入，两人签署一笔交易，其中 Bob 的输出得到1.1 BTC（相当于 Bob 原有0.5+Alice支付1.0，减去找零给Alice和手续费），Alice 拿回找零0.4 BTCpayjoin.org。从区块链上看，这笔交易有两个输入（分别来自Alice和Bob的钱包）和若干输出，但观察者无法断定究竟是哪部分是支付、哪部分是找零，因为它看起来跟“一人用多个输入付款”并无二致payjoin.orgpayjoin.org。PayJoin 使交易的资金归属变得难以推导：外人不再确切知道Alice给了Bob多少钱。

“共同控制”与权限对比。 虽然 PayJoin 不是账户，但它体现了一种交易层面的共同控制：交易的生成和签名需要双方参与river.com。付款人和收款人通过点对点加密通信（通常经Tor或类似渠道）协商交易细节，各自选择愿意投入的UTXO，然后协同构建PSBT（部分签名比特币交易）并分别签章river.comriver.com。只有双方都签名，交易才能广播成功。这一点类似联名账户的“双签”模式（“和账户”），需要双方同意才能完成一笔“资金移动”。不同之处在于：联名账户的双签是在账户维度的持续权限控制，而 PayJoin 的“双签”是逐笔交易的合作行为，一旦交易完成，双方各自拿回属于自己的输出，并不产生一个长期共管的地址或账户。这意味着 PayJoin 不涉及资金托管：Alice和Bob各自仍控制自己钱包里的币，只是在支付发生的一刻进行了协作。相较之下，传统联名账户（尤其“或账户”）往往允许单方独立操作而缺乏约束investopedia.cominvestopedia.com；而 PayJoin 则需要双方在线同意才能促成，这在一定程度上提供了共同见证/确认。不过，PayJoin 并不能防止任一方事后随意支配自己收到的输出（类似于联名账户的任一持有人可自行提取自己的款项比例）。因此在控制模型上，PayJoin更像是瞬时的“合伙记账”：双方都参与记账过程，但结算后各拿各的钱。如果有需要，可以反复通过PayJoin进行资金往来，从而达到一种“经常性共同操作”的效果，但它本身不会锁定资金需要长期共同签署。相比之下，多重签名钱包会真正把资金锁定在需要多方签名才能解锁的地址上，这是不同的。

不可推导的资金归属。 对于联名账户，外部人（包括银行或法院）通常也无法直接区分账户内资金最初由谁存入，因为账户作为一个整体记录余额birketts.co.uk。只有通过内部账或存款记录才能分析贡献比例。同样地，PayJoin 交易在区块链上造成了资金来源的混淆：链上观察者无法确定哪一方贡献了多少输入、哪个输出归谁payjoin.org。这从隐私角度是优点：它打破了比特币网络上对于资金流向的常规分析规则payjoin.org。而从“共有”角度来看，这种资金归属不透明性与联名账户有相似之处——在一个联名账户中，如果没有充分证据，第三方或债权人常默认账户资金各半归属双方nolo.com；在一次PayJoin交易中，除非双方公开细节，否则无人能确知哪个输出是支付哪个是找零，即交易对手间的具体资金划分仅他们自己清楚payjoin.org。值得注意的是，这种隐私并非完全的匿名，而是针对特定交易的归属不可判定。联名账户的不可归属性是长期的（整个账户余额如此），而PayJoin是针对单笔转移，但如果双方持续采用PayJoin模式进行交互，那么整个资金流的图谱对外部来说将变得支离破碎，难以拼凑双方各自持有多少。对于希望财务共管但又不想被外界清晰审计出权属的人来说，这提供了一种新颖的工具。

与多方混币区别。 需要指出，PayJoin 不同于传统的CoinJoin（多人混币）。CoinJoin通常是数个不相干的人把若干UTXO放一起构造一笔交易，打乱关联，从而实现隐私增强river.com。而 PayJoin 仅两方参与且具有实际支付含义：付款人最终少了钱，收款人净得钱。这更贴近真实的一对一资金往来场景，只是包装成让外界看不出。而CoinJoin往往输出每人拿回和输入等量的钱，只是换了碎片顺序，没有实现真正资金转移。PayJoin的效率更高（两人即可，不需撮合众人），也更节省手续费，因其输出数量可与普通交易无异，不增加链上容量payjoin.orgpayjoin.org。

综上，PayJoin 在共同控制和资金归属模糊两方面都与联名账户有相似之处，却又有本质区别：联名账户是法律与账户层面的共管关系，持续存在；PayJoin是技术与交易层面的合作行为，瞬时完成。正是这种差异，使 PayJoin 可以避开许多联名账户的制度性问题，从而具备一些独特优势，如下节所述。

6. PayJoin：跨法域中立且教法友好的潜力

跨法域的中立性。 PayJoin 基于比特币网络运作，其参与各方只需遵循比特币协议，与任何特定国家法律或金融机构无直接关联。这意味着，无论交易双方身处何地、何种法系，都可以采用PayJoin来完成一笔支付或价值转移，而不受当地银行政策差异的影响。例如，一位美国的用户可以与一位海湾国家的用户通过各自的比特币钱包执行PayJoin，资金即时划转，无需经过银行清算或外汇管制。这种去中心化特性使 PayJoin 天然具有跨法域中立性：它不需要在某国开设账户、符合某地金融牌照，也无须考虑两地对联名账户截然不同的法律定义。对于跨境家庭或团队而言，PayJoin 提供了共同参与财务活动的新方式——不再以账户形式存在，而是在链上合作完成交易。由于没有共同持有的账户实体，便不存在账户被冻结或被单方面没收的风险（前提是双方各自保管好自己的私钥）。尤其在一些司法管辖冲突的场景下（如非穆斯林丈夫与穆斯林妻子想共享财富，但各自国家法律对联名财产认定不同），PayJoin可以作为双方私下的财务协议来使用，而避免落入法域冲突的真空地带。需要强调，PayJoin 本身不违反任何国家的明文法律——它只是标准的比特币交易形式之一payjoin.orgpayjoin.org。法律上各国通常将比特币交易视为个人资产处分行为，只要不用于非法目的，并无禁止交易双方协商其交易结构的法规。因此，从合法性角度看，PayJoin 相当于两人商定了一种转账方式，在Common Law看来符合契约自由原则，在各法域都找不出明显抵触的条文。

伊斯兰教法的友好性。 从伊斯兰金融原则审视，PayJoin 具有许多契合点，使其有望被视为“教法友好”的实践：

• 无利息（Riba）：PayJoin 只是资金转移工具，不涉及贷款或利息计付。比特币本身不支付利息，交易过程中也没有任何一方无风险获利的要素scitcentral.com。相比传统银行账户可能涉及利息或利率变动（伊斯兰金融需通过盈利率协议Wakala等实现类似功能），PayJoin 完全规避了利息禁忌。

• 控制与所有权明确（Amanah信托原则）：在联名账户中，各方资金混同，实际归属成谜，可能引发Amanah上的疑虑——一方实为代管他人财产却可以随意取用。而PayJoin每笔交易双方知情并同意，且结算后各自掌控自己的余额，没有长期代管他人财物的情况。可以认为，双方在PayJoin合作中互为受托人：各自承诺只签署符合约定金额的交易，不多签或少签。这种短暂的互信很容易履行且范围有限，符合 Amanah 强调的受托义务（诚信、准时履约）。双方都不把资金长久交给对方或第三方，减少了信托滥用的可能。

• 避免过度不确定性（Gharar）：Gharar 指交易中不确定性或信息不对称过高，从而带有投机欺诈成分。PayJoin 交易结构虽然对外人不透明，但对交易双方本身是完全清晰的——他们事先约定了支付额，每人贡献多少UTXO、将得到多少找零输出，都是明确计算的payjoin.org。交易未完成前，任何一方都可以中止（不签名则交易无效），不存在押注未知结果的情况，也没有复杂衍生品或概率元素，因而不违反“避免Gharar”的原则changelly.com。与之相比，传统联名账户在教法环境下的最大不确定性反而是继承处理：共有人无法确定死后谁能得到多少份额（取决于教法和法院），这对各方而言是一种Gharar。而PayJoin每次交易完结，资金归属当下尘埃落定，没有悬而未决的权益。

• 非赌博性质（Maysir）：Maysir意为赌博或投机。PayJoin 并非博弈，而是有实际用途的支付工具，没有随机输赢，也不以对赌为目的changelly.com。两人合作进行PayJoin，不会出现一方赢钱一方输钱的零和结果——本质还是执行支付，只是改变信息披露，并无博彩成分。因此，用PayJoin进行正常经济活动，应不触犯禁赌教规。

更进一步，有学者和教法顾问已经在讨论比特币本身的可容许性：许多观点认为只要比特币用于合法贸易、避免利息和欺诈，它可以被视作财产和交换媒介，从教法上是Halal（可允）plasbit.comchangelly.com。一些中东地区的交易所和机构也在寻求Fatwa（教令）承认加密货币交易的合规性。PayJoin 作为其上的一种交易方式，如能被正确理解，其Sharia合规障碍应较小。因为相比之下，更具争议的是匿名性和洗钱风险，但那属于世俗法律范畴，下节会谈到。

避免强制继承冲突。 前文提及，在海湾国家按Sharia会冻结联名账户并强制按法定比例分配。这主要因为账户在法律上视为死者遗产的一部分。而若两人采用PayJoin等去中心化方式管理财富，则每人始终持有自己那部分私钥控制的币，不形成法律上的“联名遗产”。当一方过世，其私钥所控币是其遗产，另一方所控币不属于遗产范围，因此不会被教法程序冻结。当然，亡者的比特币仍需按其遗嘱或教法分配，但起码存活者立即可支配自己持有的部分，现金流不中断。这与联名账户情形截然不同。在实践中，夫妻可各自持有数字钱包，定期用PayJoin互相汇款、结算共同开支。万一一方不幸去世，另一方钱包里的余额就是属于Ta自己的，不经遗产处理即可继续使用；而逝者钱包若未留访问方式则资产可能锁死，反而避免了与法定继承人的纠纷（当然，从保护家人利益角度，应有妥善的密钥遗嘱安排，但可通过多签或托管来实现，而不需要传统联名账户）。总之，PayJoin提供了一种不经银行、绕开法域限制的合作模式，使双方的财产在法律上保持独立，却能在经济上实现协同。这对于跨国夫妇或团队，尤其处在不同财产制度（教法 vs 世俗法）下的组合，极具吸引力。

7. 合规性分析：伊斯兰金融原则与普通法要求的平衡

引入任何新实践方式，都必须评估其在各法域的合规性。针对 PayJoin，需要分别从伊斯兰金融教义和普通法/现代监管角度来审视，确保其同时满足双方关切，真正成为“跨法域中立、教法友好”的方案。

符合伊斯兰金融原则： 根据上述分析，PayJoin 本身没有违反 Riba、Gharar、Maysir 等禁忌，可被设计为符合 Shariah 的工具。然而，为进一步确保教法合规，可以考虑以下细节：

• 合同形式与意图明确（Niyyah）：伊斯兰交易强调各方意图正当、合同清晰。虽然 PayJoin 不需要书面合同，但双方可在私下有书面或口头协议，说明这是一种共同协作支付，不是借贷或投资关系，以免日后产生歧义。这类似于 Amanah 原则下的承诺：双方约定各自仅为支付目的贡献资金，不据此主张对方财产权。

• 避免不义之财（Dhulm）：教法禁止不公正的占有。如果 PayJoin 被恶意用来隐匿资助不法活动或侵占他人财产，显然不合规。这需要道德约束：FinTech开发者在推广PayJoin方案时，应嵌入使用指引，强调其用于正当目的（如家庭财务协作、隐私保护），不鼓励用于欺诈或洗钱。这与伊斯兰金融注重的社会责任原则吻合nasdaq.com。

• 审慎与透明（Itqan & disclosure）：在穆斯林社群中推广时，可以让受过教法培训的专业人士参与审查PayJoin流程，甚至发布教法意见书（Fatwa）声明其可接受性，并教育用户如何将其融入Halal理财生活。例如建议穆斯林家庭在使用PayJoin前，明确约定彼此的财产份额和用途，记录每笔协作交易的原因，以保持家庭内部的透明和信任（这有点类似于定期对账，在宗教上也是鼓励诚实对待财产往来的一部分）。

符合普通法和监管要求： 虽然 PayJoin 技术本身不违反合同和财产基本法理，但现实应用中还有一些合规问题需要考虑：

• 反洗钱（AML）与身份识别（KYC）：西方普通法体系下的金融监管要求对资金来源和交易对手尽职调查。PayJoin提高了链上匿名性，可能引起监管机构对其用于洗钱的担忧cointelegraph.comriver.com。为此，FinTech企业在实现PayJoin功能时，可加入自愿的透明机制：例如双方如果在受监管平台（交易所、支付处理器）进行PayJoin，可以在链下向平台报告交易对手的身份哈希，以满足监管审计需要（前提是双方同意，并且平台在受司法令时才揭示）。这样既不破坏链上隐私，又保留合规的选项。此外，开发者也应提示用户遵守所在地法规：如一次性大额PayJoin转账在某些国家可能需要申报，用户需自觉履行。

• 合同与救济：Common Law 强调合同自由，但也要求有违约或欺诈时能提供司法救济。PayJoin 没有标准合同，如果一方未履行承诺（例如收款方承诺一起做PayJoin但反悔要求普通转账，或者付款方声称已付但实际未广播交易），法律上如何处理？对此建议是：当 PayJoin 用于商业场景时，仍应有基本合同约定。如果发生纠纷，一方可以提交协商的PSBT记录、通信记录等作为证据。由于Bitcoin交易有不可篡改的链上记录，反而容易举证实际支付了多少钱给谁。法律可能将其视为一种合伙或代理协议的履行：双方合意做一件事并完成了。如果一方中途毁约导致对方损失，可按普通契约法求偿。不过需要法院对这一技术有所了解。因此合规上，或许需要通过行业协会向监管和司法解释PayJoin的机制，使其被当作正当交易手段看待，而非神秘的洗钱工具。

• 税务与报告：各国税法对加密交易的申报要求不同。PayJoin并未改变交易实质，只是隐私增强，但从税务上说，若涉及资产转移，同样要记录成本基础和收益。合规方案可以是：提供给用户一个工具，将自己参加的PayJoin交易标记并保存原始支付细节（付款额、找零额），以便报税时证明实际支出收入情况。这一点对企业采用PayJoin尤为重要，确保账务透明避免日后审计问题。

公平与共识： 普通法原则重视交易的公平合理和各方真实同意。PayJoin是双方自愿合作的结果，表面上满足共识原则。但我们也要考虑弱势保护：比如一方技术精通，一方小白用户，会否出现不公平？为了防范这一点，可以在用户界面上做警示：当有人请求与你进行PayJoin，你应该明白这对你意味着什么——一般来说收款人不会吃亏，因为多收一个找零输出，并不会损失价值；付款人也不应吃亏，只是多花一点手续费。但要防止有人利用不明真相的用户，让其参与PayJoin却在输出分配上作弊（理论上如果收款人恶意构造交易让付款人多付了钱且付款人未察觉签了名）。因此技术实现上也需做到公平：钱包软件在构建PayJoin时应自动检查付款金额正确、找零正确，防止篡改。这种保护符合普通法对公平的要求，也体现了伊斯兰金融中**避免Dhulm（不义）**的精神。

综上，PayJoin 作为一种新实践，要成功立足，需要双重合规：一方面在宗教伦理上证明其正当性，一方面在世俗法律上确保透明与守法。幸运的是，这两方面并不矛盾：PayJoin追求的是一种技术手段的优化，与伊斯兰和普通法原则并无本质冲突。通过适当的措施和教育，完全可以做到兼容。例如，在一个试点应用中（假设由一家兼具Sharia顾问和合规官的FinTech公司运营），穆斯林家庭用经Fatwa认可的比特币钱包进行PayJoin理财，同时该应用满足KYC/AML标准并提供报表工具。那么这一模式将真正体现“跨法域中立、教法友好”。它既让用户不受限于传统制度，又确保了道德与法律底线，为金融科技开发者打开一条服务全球用户的新道路。

结语

联名银行账户作为百年来方便多人共管财富的制度，一路发展伴随着各类法律和实践难题。在普通法系，其灵活性与风险并存，引发继承、债务、滥用等诸多纠纷；在伊斯兰法环境下，更面临继承冻结等制度性冲击。在全球化时代的跨境场景中，传统联名账户愈发显出局限，各种替代方案各擅胜场却难有万能药。PayJoin 技术的出现，为我们提供了一个全新的视角：也许不再需要“联名账户”这个法律产物，通过区块链的协作交易，完全可以实现类似目标且避开许多固有问题。本报告深入比较了联名账户制度与PayJoin在“共同控制”和“不可推导归属”上的异同，探讨了PayJoin 如何满足伊斯兰金融和普通法的合规要求。对于金融科技开发者而言，这意味着巨大的创新空间：未来的应用可以让两个人“各自持币，共同支付”，既保障各自权属，又实现合作效率。在设计此类系统时，我们应牢记历史教训，融合法律与教义的智慧，确保技术既推进了便利，也巩固了公平与信任——这正是联名账户理念在21世纪的重生。

参考文献：

• Birketts法律简报，“联名银行账户：谁拥有这些钱？”，2023年4月4日birketts.co.ukbirketts.co.uk。

• Nelson Mullins律师事务所博客，“理解联名账户的生存者权利”，2024年1月17日nelsonmullins.comnelsonmullins.com。

• Nolo法律百科，“对联名账户的强制执行”，更新于2023年10月30日nolo.comnolo.com。

• Mike Coady财富管理博客，“阿联酋外籍人士：联名账户的危险”，2021年7月29日mikecoady.commikecoady.com。

• _Gulf News_报道，“在你之后，你在阿联酋的银行余额会自动给家人吗？”，2025年5月16日gulfnews.comgulfnews.com。

• Emirates Islamic 银行官网，“Emarati家庭储蓄账户”产品页emiratesislamic.aeemiratesislamic.ae。

• Kitces金融规划文章，“便利账户的风险与备选方案”，2019年kitces.comkitces.com。

• Investopedia词条，“Joint Account联名账户：定义、运作、利弊”，更新于2025年5月9日investopedia.cominvestopedia.com。

• Payjoin官方文档，“为什么使用PayJoin - 隐私”，2025年payjoin.orgpayjoin.org。

• River Financial百科，“PayJoin (P2EP)”，2025年river.comriver.com。

• 其他参考资料包含 PlasBit、Changelly 等对于比特币与伊斯兰金融兼容性的讨论changelly.comscitcentral.com。

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• Spiral welcomes Ben Carman. The developer will work on the LDK server and a new SDK designed to simplify the onboarding process for new self-custodial Bitcoin users.
• Spiral renews support for Dan Gould and Joschisan. The organization has renewed support for Dan Gould, who is developing the Payjoin Dev Kit (PDK), and Joschisan, a Fedimint developer focused on simplifying federations.
• The Bitcoin Dev Kit Foundation announced new corporate members for 2025, including AnchorWatch, CleanSpark, and Proton Foundation. The annual dues from these corporate members fund the small team of open-source developers responsible for maintaining the core BDK libraries and related free and open-source software (FOSS) projects.
• The European Central Bank is pushing for amendments to the European Union's Markets in Crypto Assets legislation (MiCA), just months after its implementation. According to Politico's report on Tuesday, the ECB is concerned that U.S. support for cryptocurrency, particularly stablecoins, could cause economic harm to the 27-nation bloc.
• Slovenia is considering a 25% capital gains tax on Bitcoin profits for individuals. The Ministry of Finance has proposed legislation to impose this tax on gains from cryptocurrency transactions, though exchanging one cryptocurrency for another would remain exempt. At present, individual 'crypto' traders in Slovenia are not taxed.
• The Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASP) Bill 2025 introduced in Kenya. The new legislation aims to establish a comprehensive legal framework for licensing, regulating, and supervising virtual asset service providers (VASPs), with strict penalties for non-compliant entities.
• Circle, BitGo, Coinbase, and Paxos plan to apply for U.S. bank charters or licenses. According to a report in The Wall Street Journal, major crypto companies are planning to apply for U.S. bank charters or licenses. These firms are pursuing limited licenses that would permit them to issue stablecoins, as the U.S. Congress deliberates on legislation mandating licensing for stablecoin issuers.

"Established banks, like Bank of America, are hoping to amend the current drafts of [stablecoin] legislation in such a way that nonbanks are more heavily restricted from issuing stablecoins," people familiar with the matter told The Block.

• Paul Atkins has officially assumed the role of the 34th Chairman of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This is a return to the agency for Atkins, who previously served as an SEC Commissioner from 2002 to 2008 under the George W. Bush administration. He has committed to advancing the SEC’s mission of fostering capital formation, safeguarding investors, and ensuring fair and efficient markets.
• Federal Reserve retracts guidance discouraging banks from engaging in 'crypto.' The U.S. Federal Reserve withdrew guidance that discouraged banks from crypto and stablecoin activities, as announced by its Board of Governors on Thursday. This includes rescinding a 2022 supervisory letter requiring prior notification of crypto activities and 2023 stablecoin requirements.

"As a result, the Board will no longer expect banks to provide notification and will instead monitor banks' crypto-asset activities through the normal supervisory process," reads the FED statement.

• Russian government to launch a cryptocurrency exchange. The country's Ministry of Finance and Central Bank announced plans to establish a trading platform for "highly qualified investors" that "will legalize crypto assets and bring crypto operations out of the shadows."
• Twenty One Capital is set to launch with over 42,000 BTC in its treasury. This new Bitcoin-native firm, backed by Tether and SoftBank, is planned to go public via a SPAC merger with Cantor Equity Partners and will be led by Jack Mallers, co-founder and CEO of Strike. According to a report by the Financial Times, the company aims to replicate the model of Michael Saylor with his company, MicroStrategy.
• Strategy increases Bitcoin holdings to 538,200 BTC. In the latest purchase, the company has spent more than $555M to buy 6,556 coins through proceeds of two at-the-market stock offering programs.
• Metaplanet buys another 145 BTC. The Tokyo-listed company has purchased an additional 145 BTC for $13.6 million. Their total bitcoin holdings now stand at 5,000 coins, worth around $428.1 million.
• Semler Scientific has increased its bitcoin holdings to 3,303 BTC. The company acquired an additional 111 BTC at an average price of $90,124. The purchase was funded through proceeds from an at-the-market offering and cash reserves, as stated in a press release.
• Tesla still holds nearly $1 billion in bitcoin. According to the automaker's latest earnings report, the firm reported digital asset holdings worth $951 million as of March 31.
• Spar supermarket experiments with Bitcoin payments in Zug, Switzerland. The store has introduced a new payment method powered by the Lightning Network. The implementation was facilitated by DFX Swiss, a service that supports seamless conversions between bitcoin and legacy currencies.

• Charles Schwab to launch spot Bitcoin trading by 2026. The financial investment firm, managing over $10 trillion in assets, has revealed plans to introduce spot Bitcoin trading for its clients within the next year.
• Arch Labs has secured $13 million to develop "ArchVM" and integrate smart-contract functionality with Bitcoin. The funding round, valuing the company at $200 million, was led by Pantera Capital, as announced on Tuesday.
• Citrea deployed its Clementine Bridge on the Bitcoin testnet. The bridge utilizes the BitVM2 programming language to inherit validity from Bitcoin, allegedly providing "the safest and most trust-minimized way to use BTC in decentralized finance."
• UAE-based Islamic bank ruya launches Shari’ah-compliant bitcoin investing. The bank has become the world’s first Islamic bank to provide direct access to virtual asset investments, including Bitcoin, via its mobile app, per Bitcoin Magazine.
• Solosatoshi.com has sold over 10,000 open-source miners, adding more than 10 PH of hashpower to the Bitcoin network.

"Thank you, Bitaxe community. OSMU developers, your brilliance built this. Supporters, your belief drives us. Customers, your trust powers 10,000+ miners and 10PH globally. Together, we’re decentralizing Bitcoin’s future. Last but certainly not least, thank you@skot9000 for not only creating a freedom tool, but instilling the idea into thousands of people, that Bitcoin mining can be for everyone again," said the firm on X.

• OCEAN's DATUM has found 100 blocks. "Over 65% of OCEAN’s miners are using DATUM, and that number is growing every day. This means block template construction is making its way back into the hands of the miners, which is not only the most profitable

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

In a massive vote of confidence for a new bitcoin-focused company, Tether and Bitfinex have moved over 37,000 BTC—worth $3.9 billion—to digital treasury firm Twenty One Capital. This is one of the largest Bitcoin transactions in recent history.

The announcement came from Paolo Ardoino, CEO of Tether and CTO of Bitfinex, through multiple posts on X. According to Ardoino, the transfers were part of a pre-funding round for the launch of Twenty One Capital, a new company that will lead the bitcoin treasury space.

Ardoino announced several transfers on X — Sources 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

“Tether Group is moving 10,500 BTC to address bc1qpzt4m58zzqgp84ktyuj5tz8g8k8ssg2g2d5eeerwhx4gxulqq5mqjzm5gc as part of the pre-funding of SoftBank’s investment in Twenty One Capital (XXI)” Ardoino said.

Twenty One Capital is a new bitcoin treasury firm led by Jack Mallers, CEO of Strike and founder of Zap. The company is backed by Tether, Bitfinex, SoftBank and Cantor Fitzgerald.

The company will go public via a SPAC merger with Cantor Equity Partners (CEP) and will trade under the ticker XXI on Nasdaq. After the merger was announced CEP’s stock price skyrocketed from $11 to $59.75.

Cantor Equity Partners’ stock price jumped on news of the merger — TradingView

Mallers says the company’s mission is bold and clear: accumulate bitcoin and provide full transparency through public wallet disclosures, also known as providing “proof-of-reserves“.

Total bitcoin moved to Twenty One Capital so far include:

• 10,500 BTC from Tether on behalf of SoftBank (worth about $1.1 billion)
• 19,729.69 BTC from Tether (worth around $2 billion)
• 7,000 BTC from Bitfinex (valued at roughly $740 million)

The amounts sum up to 37,229.69 BTC, worth around $3.9 billion at current prices. These were verified on public blockchain explorers.

The Twenty One Capital wallets now show large balances. They have already confirmed they have 31,500 BTC. That makes them the 3rd largest corporate bitcoin holder behind Strategy and Marathon Digital Holdings.

Once these new transfers are confirmed, the company will take over Marathon to become the second-largest corporate holder of the scarce digital asset globally.

Related: Twenty One Capital Becomes 3rd-Largest Corporate Holder of Bitcoin

Unlike companies that add bitcoin to their balance sheet, Twenty One Capital exists solely to accumulate and manage bitcoin. It follows a model similar to Strategy but is more transparent.

Mallers introduced new financial metrics like Bitcoin Per Share (BPS) and Bitcoin Return Rate (BRR) to value the company in bitcoin terms, not fiat.

He thinks economic value in the future will not be measured in dollars but in satoshis—the smallest unit of bitcoin. The company is not just about guarding against fiat collapse, but about completely opting out of the system.

A key part of the firm’s strategy is proof of reserves. Unlike some other big bitcoin holders, Twenty One Capital has already published its public wallet addresses so anyone can verify its holdings in real time.

Ardoino called this approach “Bitcoin Treasury Transparency (BTT)” and said it’s a response to recent industry scandals that showed the dangers of financial opacity in digital assets.

Mallers added openness is the only way to build long-term trust in a bitcoin-native financial system.

Twenty One Capital wants to reshape financial infrastructure, build native bitcoin lending models and promote global Bitcoin adoption.

@ fa5ea00f:1075fbfe

“Don’t trust, verify”

하루에도 몇번씩 이 문장은 나를 괴롭힌다.

코드를 뜯어보는 데서 출발해, 현대 사회를 주도하는 문화의 의미를 해체하고 살펴보는 것으로 확장할 수 있다고 생각한다. 이것이 이 아티클의 기본 전제다. 비트코이너들은 포스트모더니즘처럼 무작정 해체(deconstruct)하는 것이 아니라, 합리적 회의주의로 접근한다. 그것은 crypto-anarchism과 libertarian futurism의 기반이 됐고, 이제는 비트코인의 핵심 정신으로 자리 잡고 있다. 나도 조금씩 공부하고 있지만, 왜 anarcho-capitalism이 비트코이너들에게 매력적인지 쉽게 알 수 있다. 비트코인은 돈과 정치를 재정의하고 있으며, 가치를 창출하는 개인의 정체성과 행동마저도 다시 정의하고 있기에, 국가의 해체까지 이어지는 것은 어찌 보면 필연적으로 보인다.

그런데 나는 아직도 이해가 안되는 부분이 있다. 바로 종교와 비트코인의 관계다. 평화, 사랑, 정의, 희망 같은 종교의 사상과 비트코인을 연결하려는 시도는 빈번하다. 그만큼 이 기술은 인간에게 단순한 도구를 넘어선 철학적, 존재론적 충격으로 다가온다. 그러나 내가 정말 이해하지 못하는 부분은 스스로를 “don’t trust, verify”의 철학에 따라 사는 사람이라 자부하면서도, 종교만큼은 끝내 검증해보려 하지 않는 태도다. 종교는 믿음의 영역이라지만 검증하려는 시도조차 하지 않는 태도는 비트코이너의 정신과 상당한 괴리가 있다고 생각한다.

나는 종교를 해체해 보고도 똑같은 믿음을 유지하는 사람을 본 적이 없다. 복음주의 개신교에 깊이 몸담았던 입장에서 보면, 예컨대 모세오경과 복음서가 실제 사건들을 단순히 기록한 것이 아니라 여러 저자들과 편집자들의 해석과 목적이 얽힌 서사적 구성물이라는 사실조차 받아들이기 어려워한다. 실제 역사와 문학적으로 파고들어야 할 부분인데 대부분은 자신이 배운 교리를 전제로 성경을 해석하려고 한다. 가장 성스럽게 여기는 성서가 왜 '하나님의 말씀'인지 물으면 “성서에 그렇게 쓰여 있다”거나 “믿음의 영역이다”라고만 답한다. 그 구절이 현대의 성경책을 지칭하는 것도 아닌데 말이다.

이런 식으로 파도 파도 끝없는 의문점들을 맹목적 믿음으로 덮어버리려는 것이 현대 복음주의 개신교다. 아직도 그런 사고방식을 지닌 비트코이너가 있다면, 종교—특히 제도화된 종교—에 대해서 불신의 씨앗을 품어 봤으면 좋겠다. 타락에서 구속과 영생으로 이어지는 서사를 통해 성경을 읽는다면 너무 많은걸 놓치게 된다는걸 깨달을 수 있다.

결코 쉬운 길이 아니다. 나 역시 태어나기 전부터 교회를 다녔을 만큼, 기독교는 내 존재의 근원이자 정체성의 전부였다. 종교를 해체하는건 나 자신을 해체하는 일이었다. “감히 신을 해체해? 저런 인간주의적인 죄를 품은 사상을 봤나!” 이런 시선들이 제도 내부에서는 해체를 현실적으로, 도덕적으로 불가능하게 만든다. 그것은 나의 공동체—많은 경우 가족까지—에게서 낙인찍히고 소외되는 일을 의미한다. 국가주의와 비교해 보자면, 종교를 떠나는 것은 마치 애국보수 집안에서 “나는 중국 공산당을 지지한다”고 말하는 것보다 더 어렵다고 생각한다. 적어도 애국보수 집안은 당신이 공산당을 지지한다고 해서 죽은 뒤 영원히 지옥에 고통받을 거라 믿지는 않는다. 사회적 자살을 쉽게 생각하는 사람은 없다.

나는 비트코인을 알기 전에 이미 종교를 떠났고, 가족과도 멀어졌다. 연락을 끊거나 만나지 않는 건 아니지만, 정서적으로 예전과 같은 관계가 아니다. 목사님인 아버지는 나에게 호통을 치며 크게 싸웠고, 어머니는 믿기지 않다는 듯 실망을 감추지 않으셨다. 10년도 지난 일이지만 내 인생에서 가장 고통스러운 전환점이었다. 나이도 어렸고 나도 내가 무슨 일을 겪고 있었는지 몰랐기 때문에 더더욱 힘들었다.

모두가 나와 같은 길을 걸어야 하는건 아니다. 기독교의 거대 서사가 정서의 깊은 곳에 뿌리 박힌 이상, 신을 부정하는 일은 거의 불가능에 가깝다는걸 몸소 체감했기 때문이다. 자유는 기독교에서도 중요한 의미를 가진다—율법에서의 자유, 죄에서의 자유, 결국 하나님 안에서의 자유. 모순처럼 보일 수도 있겠지만, 합리적 회의주의인 나는 역설적으로 여전히 신이라는 존재를 믿는다. 다만, 신은 특정 종교에 국한되어 있지 않으며 우리의 지성으로는 결코 완전히 이해할 수 없는 존재라고 믿는다. 그렇기에 기독교의 하나님 안에서의 자유보다, 더 큰 의미에서의 ‘신 안에서의 자유’ 혹은 '자유 안에서의 자유'가 존재한다고 믿는다.

인간의 자유와 사랑에 대한 이해를 아득히 초월하는 존재, 그 앞에 겸손해질 때 나는 자유를 조금이나마 맛볼 수 있었다. 이 패러독스 속에서 나는 매일 자유를 느끼고 있다. 국가주의와 종교는 누군가가 믿으라고 외치고 교리를 정립해야 유지되지만, 자유와 사랑은 인간의 원초적인 갈망이다. ‘무엇으로부터의 자유’가 아니라 자유 그 자체에의 의지다. 장폴 사르트르의 말처럼 "자유라는 유죄 선고를 받은 존재", 그것이 우리 인간이다. 비트코인은 자유의 한 조각의 불과하고 진짜 자유는 우리 머릿속에서 시작된다. 이 내면의 자유를 널리 일깨우는 것, 그것이야말로 비트코이너들의 숙명이지 않을까?

나는 비트코이너들이 자신의 자유를 더 이상 인간이 만든 사상 체제나 제도에 위탁(custody)하지 않길 바란다. 그러나 동시에, 종교를 떠나는 일이 얼마나 고통스러운지도 알기에 내가 그들에게 뭐라고 말할 입장은 아니라는 것도 안다. 그래서 내가 현실적으로 할 수 있는 말은 오직 하나뿐이다:

"Don’t just trust, keep on verifying."

@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

• Alkaa - Manage your tasks quickly and easily. Add tasks, break into categories and remember important appointments.
• Calculator - simple Material Calculator and Unit Converter
• Cat Printer - support to some Bluetooth "Cat Printer" models
• Connect You - Modern contacts app using Material Design 3 (You) and Jetpack Compose
• CuteCalc - a simple, lightweight and open-source calculator
• Hot Stuff - Protect your belongings with Hot Stuff, a free and offline home inventory app
• Karui ToDo - a privacy focussed todo list app to quickly jot down things to do
• Lock Screen Notes - Create notes that are automatically displayed in the device’s lock screen
• LockQR - Effortless QR Code Generation, Free and Shareable
• Logger - view and export call logs in CSV format
• Lumolight - Simple, modern & easy-to-use flashlight app that comes with a ton of feature
• Nibras Reader 3 - take bookmarked records on Nibras PKM with you on the go
• nocodb - a prototype client for NocoDB
• ObsidianTodoWidget - Widget to display todo list from markdown file
• OpenTodoList - simple Todo and task management
• OpenToday - planner & organizer - notes, todo, reminders, lists everything is customizable
• OrgNote - Note taking app based on the popular Emacs package - Org Roam
• OSS Card Wallet - All your cards secured and without ad!
• OSS Dict - Offline Dictionaries
• OSS Document Scanner - scan all your documents
• Paperless Mobile - An (almost) fully fledged mobile Paperless client.
• Parcel - Track all your parcels with ease.
• PDF Doc Scan - PDF document scanner
• PDF to Images - simple app to convert a PDFs pages to image files
• RemotePointer - Digital Laser Pointer and Mouse Control for Presentations
• Scheduler - View your todo list/events from your lockscreen
• Simple QR - Scan, create and store QR codes with a simple UI and experience
• Simplenote - keep notes, lists, ideas and more
• TagSpaces - organize, tag and browse your files, photos and documents
• zCalc - Simple and beautiful calculator for Android

@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

• Adresilo - Search for places
• AltLocationServices - Connects to BeaconDB geolocation service to provide network location services
• Baba - Discover Baba: The app that revolutionizes contributing to Panoramax
• Bahn-Vorhersage - Ranking for train journeys according to their reliability. (German only)
• Beans - A virtual scratchmap of the world
• Blue Square Speedometer - Simple speedometer & GPS viewer
• BusTO - Turin (Italy) public transport
• c:geo - powerful geocaching app
• Cartes IGN - Discover France another way and witness the land's evolution
• CClauncher - Clauncher, rewritten using Compose
• CLauncher - Yet Another Olauncher Fork, But With All Apps Hidden
• Compass - Simple and beautiful compass
• Compass Tile - An easily accessible compass tile for the quick settings panel
• E6B Flight Computer - E6B Flight Computer
• EVMap - EV chargers - Find electric vehicle charging stations
• FakeTraveler - Fake your location
• Find Family - Find Family is an end-to-end encrypted location sharing app
• Gadgetbridge - Use your smart watch and other bluetooth devices and keep your data private!
• Geo Share - Turn a Google Maps URL into a geo: URL
• Geohash Droid - App for Randall Munroe’s Geohashing activity
• Geotag video camera - Camera with a map and coordinates overlay
• GMaps WV - Google Maps WebView Wrapper
• GPS Locker - Keep the GPS locked at all times on an Android device
• GPS Logger - A lightweight GPS logger, battery efficient, GPX/KML, add notes, share, upload
• GPS Setter - A GPS setter based on the Xposed framework
• GPSTest - An app for testing GPS and GNSS capabilities of a device
• JRBP Survey - Jasper Ridge ant survey navigation and data entry
• Kwik EFIS - Glass Cockpit / Electronic Flight Information System
• Ladefuchs - Shows the cheapest charging card - with only one swipe at the charging point
• MBCompass - Simple and efficient compass
• MetaGer Maps - Map app based on Openstreetmap. Route planner - Navigation
• Mobile Tile Server - HTTP Server for your local Map Tiles
• NextGIS Mobile - GIS that lets you create, edit and export geodata, both online and offline
• Offi - King of public transit planning!
• OpenLynx - Public transport companion providing real-time data
• OpenStop - The app for collecting barrier data in local public transport
• OpenStreetMap wiki - Access the OpenStreetMap wiki
• Organic Maps - Offline Hike, Bike, GPS Navigation for travelers, tourists, cyclists & hikers
• OSM Dashboard for OpenTracks - OpenStreetMap dashboard for OpenTracks
• OSM Dashboard Offline for OpenTracks - Offline variant of the OpenStreetMap dashboard for OpenTracks
• OsmAnd - Global Mobile Map Viewing & Navigation for Offline and Online OSM Maps
• Panoramax - Panoramax mobile is an app to capture and upload photo sequences to Panoramax
• PasseGares - Travel through the train stations to stamp your visa!
• PeakOrama - PeakOrama shows mountains around a location
• Phantasialand Wait Times - Live wait times for Phantasialand rides
• SCEE - OpenStreetMap surveyor app for experienced OSM contributors
• Sky Map - Sky Map to explore the skies
• SmsLoc - SMS based location query
• Stateful Speedometer - Stateful speedometer & GPS viewer
• Street­Complete - Easy to use OpenStreetMap editor for Android
• Tehran Metro - An app to facilitate using tehran metro
• ToS;DR - Short summaries on Terms of Conditions
• Traccar Client - Track your location
• Traccar Manager - GPS tracker reporting to your own host
• Trail Sense - Use your phone's sensors to assist with wilderness treks
• Transito - Public transit app to download GTFS data & calculate routes offline
• Vespucci - Edit geodata and contribute to OpenStreetMap project on-the-go
• Zood Location - Securely share your location with your loved ones

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• Wasabi Wallet v2.6.0 "Prometheus" is a major update for the project, focused on resilience and independence from centralized systems.
• Key features include support for BIP 158 block filters for direct node synchronization, a revamped full node integration for easier setup without third-party reliance, SLIP 39 share backups for flexible wallet recovery (sponsored by Trezor), and a Nostr-based update manager for censorship-resistant updates.
• Additional improvements include UI bug fixes, a new fallback for transaction broadcasting, updated code signing, stricter JSON serialization, and options to avoid third-party rate providers, alongside various under-the-hood enhancements.

This new version brings us closer to our ultimate goal: ensuring Wasabi is future-proof," said the developers, while also highlighting the following key areas of focus for the project:

• Ensuring users can always fully and securely use their client.
• Making contribution and forks easy through a codebase of the highest quality possible: understandable, maintainable, and improvable.

"As we achieve our survival goals, expect more cutting-edge improvements in Bitcoin privacy and self-custody. Thank you for the trust you place in us by using Wasabi," was stated in the release notes.

What's new

• Support for Standard BIP 158 Block Filters. Wasabi now syncs using BIP 158 filters without a backend/indexer, connecting directly to a user's node. This boosts sync speed, resilience, and allows full sovereignty without specific server dependency.
• Full Node Integration Rework. The old integration has been replaced with a simpler, more adaptable system. It’s not tied to a specific Bitcoin node fork, doesn’t need the node on the same machine as Wasabi, and requires no changes to the node’s setup.
  • "Simply enable the RPC server on your node and point Wasabi to it," said the developers. This ensures all Bitcoin network activities—like retrieving blocks, fee estimations, block filters, and transaction broadcasting—go through your own node, avoiding reliance on third parties.
• Create & Recover SLIP 39 Shares. Users now create and recover wallets with multiple share backups using SLIP 39 standard.

"Special thanks to Trezor (SatoshiLabs) for sponsoring this amazing feature."

• Nostr Update Manager. This version implements a pioneering system with the Nostr protocol for update information and downloads, replacing reliance on GitHub. This enhances the project's resilience, ensuring updates even if GitHub is unavailable, while still verifying updates with the project's secure certificate.
• Updated Avalonia to v11.2.7, fixes for UI bugs (including restoring Minimize on macOS Sequoia).
• Added a configurable third-party fallback for broadcasting transactions if other methods fail.
• Replaced Windows Code Signing Certificate with Azure Trusted Signing.
• Many bug fixes, improved codebase, and enhanced CI pipeline.
• Added the option to avoid using any third-party Exchange Rate and Fee Rate providers (Wasabi can work without them).
• Rebuilt all JSON Serialization mechanisms avoiding default .NET converters. Serialization is now stricter.

Full Changelog: v2.5.1...v2.6.0

Announcement / Archive
GitHub Repo

@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

• Alligator Bytes - Record musical loops, play them back, and change the sound with movement.
• Animetail - Unofficial fork of Aniyomi
• ANeko - ANeko Reborn for Android, interactive cat animation that runs on your Android screen
• APM - Third-party Bilibili music player
• Assempix - A coded OFDM update to SSTV to receive digital images over SSB, AM and FM radio
• Audiobookshelf - Audiobook and podcast player for your self-hosted Audiobookshelf server
• Audile - Music recognition app
• Aves Libre - Gallery and metadata explorer
• BoomingMusic - Local music player built for smooth offline listening
• Calibre-Web-Companion - Unofficial companion app for calibre web (automated)
• camsung - Silence camera on Samsung phones
• Choona - Guitar tuner with support for custom tunings.
• ClassiPod - A local music player app designed to capture the essence of the iPod Classic.
• Com-Phone Story Maker - Create, tell, share and enjoy multimedia digital stories
• CuteMusic - a simple and lightweight offline music player
• Diatronome - A tuner, a visual metronome and a synthesizer
• DSub2000 - Android client for Subsonic servers.
• e1547 - e621 browser - browser for the e621 and e926 imageboards
• Fossify Voice Recorder - Record anything with this Open-source and Ad-free recorder
• Gizz Tapes - Stream King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard shows right to your phone!
• Harmony Music - Music streaming app with radio and background feature
• InnerTune - A material design YouTube Music client
• Jellyfin - your media in your hands! - Mobile client for Jellyfin, the free software media system
• Kahon - A fork of Mihon with some annoying restrictions removed
• Kazumi - An anime collection app based on custom rules.
• Kotatsu - Kotatsu is a free and open source manga reader for Android.
• Kreate - A multilingual YouTube Music frontend for Android, prioritize performance
• LibreTube - Alternative YouTube frontend for Android built with Piped
• Lissen: Audiobookshelf client - Clean Audiobookshelf Player
• litube - a feature-rich Android WebView wrapper for YouTube
• Materialious - Modern material design for Invidious
• Movies - Movies - easy way to discover popular movies.
• mpv-android - Listen to music and watch videos
• MSM - All in one manager for your media server
• Musify - Music Streaming and Downloading app
• MusicSearch - MusicSearch is an app for browsing songs, artists, and anything related to them
• Neon - Scrolling text on fullscreen like boarding
• NewPipe - Lightweight app that lets you watch and listen to media from various platforms.
• OpenTune - YouTube Music client for Android with Material 3 design
• OuterTune - Material 3 Music Player with YouTube Music support
• Panoramax - Panoramax mobile is an app to capture and upload photo sequences to Panoramax.
• Phocid - A modern offline music player with familiar designs
• PicGuard - Your pictures, your signature.
• Pilipala - A third-party Bilibili client developed in Flutter
• PipePipe - An alternative Android streaming front-end of Bilibili, NicoNico, Youtube & more
• Pixiv-MultiPlatform - Third-party Pixiv client
• Pocket Casts - Podcast Player for Android with advanced listening, search, and discovery features.
• RadioUpnp - Clean designed internet radio player with integrated UPnP/DLNA function
• RadioWave - internet radio player with more than 50,000 stations
• RiMusic - Stream music from YouTube Music
• Screen Stream - Screen streaming over HTTP
• Sentinel Lens - Facial recognition surveillance with alerts
• Seqular - Seqular, A Social Network without Place or Nation.
• Shredpix - A coded OFDM update to SSTV to send images digitally over SSB, AM and FM radio
• SimpMusic - A music app using YouTube Music for backend
• SkyTube - An open source YouTube client
• SkyTube Extra - An open source YouTube client
• SmartScan - Image organisation & search app
• Soothing Noise Player - Play soothing sound effects to help you relax and drown out background noise.
• Spotube - Lightweight & resource friendly Spotify client without requiring Spotify Premium
• SuperX - Video downloader with browser for downloading videos from everywhere
• Tsacdop-Fork - Podcast Player - Enjoy podcasts with Tsacdop-Fork! A clean, simply beautiful, and friendly app.
• Vaani - Beautiful, Fast and Functional Audiobook Player for your Audiobookshelf server.
• VLC - The best video and music player. Fast and “just works”, plays any file
• Voice Audiobook Player - Simple audiobook player
• Weather (PFA) - (SECUSO) Lets you watch the weather for cities and locations of your choice
• Xtra - a Twitch player and browser
• YouAMP - Player for Subsonic servers with modern Material You interface

@ 73868430:0ec4fe27

皇居 Imperial Palace

巽櫓（桜田二重櫓) Sakurada Tatsumi Yagura

二重橋 Nijubashi Bridge

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靖國神社 Yasukuni Jinja

遊就館 Yushukan

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上野動物園 Ueno Zoological Garden

上野動物園不忍池 Ueno Zoological Garden Shinobazuno Pond

上野東照宮五重塔 Ueno Toshogu Shrine Five Story Pagoda

築地活鮮市場,御徒町店 Tsukiji Kassen Ichiba, Okachimachi

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鉄道博物館 The Railway Museum

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TOHAKU茶館 (応挙館) Tohaku Chakan

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新大久保駅 Shin-Ōkubo

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シンボルプロムナード公園 Symbol Promenade Park

セントラル広場 Central Square

日本科学未来館 The National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation Japan (Miraikan)

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箱根町 Hakone

芦ノ湖 Lake Ashi

元箱根 Motohakone

彫刻の森駅 Chokokunomori

三の鳥居,箱根神社 The Third Torii of Hakone Shrine

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小田原城 Odawara Castle

@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

• Aisleron Shopping List - Aisleron: Fly through the shops!
• Arru - track and analyze your expenses
• BasicCashFlow - The easiest way to track your cash: no fuss, just money tracking.
• BitBanana - Manage your Bitcoin Lightning node from anywhere.
• Bitcoin Wallet - Store digital currency
• Bitcoin Wallet [signet] - Your own Bitcoins, in your own pocket!
• Bold Bitcoin Wallet - Seedless, secure Bitcoin wallet using Threshold Signatures.
• Brume Wallet - The private Ethereum wallet
• BTC Map - See where you can spend your bitcoins
• Cardabase - Cardabase is an app that lets you save EAN-13 club cards on your phone.
• CashCompass - Master Your Money: Effortless Tracking and Smarter Spending
• Cashew - An app created to help users manage a budget and purchases
• Catima — Loyalty Card Wallet - For your barcodes, memberships, loyalty programs, coupons and tickets.
• Coin Collection - Coin Collection helps people organize their U.S. coin collections
• CryptoTracker - Track cryptocurrency prices in real-time with CryptoTracker
• Currencies: Exchange Rate Calculator - An exchange rates currency converter for Android
• Electrum Bitcoin Wallet - Fast and self-custodial wallet for Bitcoin and the Lightning Network
• FDTracker - easily add, view, update, and track your fixed deposits
• Firefly III Shortcuts - Application simplifies transactions of FireflyIII
• flow - A personal finance tracker app built with love, and Flutter
• GNU Taler Point-of-Sale - Process orders and take in Taler payments
• Green - Blockstream Green Bitcoin wallet
• GreenStash - Simple app to help you plan and manage your savings goals easily.
• Inflation Calculator - Inflation calculator for USA, UK and France
• Invoice Ninja - Create invoices, accept payments, track expenses & time-tasks
• Keepass Fidelity - Fidelity (Membership/Loyalty) Card plugin for Keepass2Android
• KitchenOwl - KitchenOwl helps you organize your grocery life.
• Ladefuchs - Shows the cheapest charging card - with only one swipe at the charging point.
• MarketMonk - Watch the movements of your favorite stocks using free and open source software.
• Mat-O-Id - Pay beverages with RFID-Tag
• Mempal - A Bitcoin mempool monitoring and notification app for Android.
• Money Manager Ex - Manage your income and expenses on a mobile device, sync via your own cloud
• Moneytopia - track your personal expenses
• MRT Buddy - Check your Dhaka MRT / Rapid Pass balances and trips instantly
• My Expenses - Easy to use personal finance manager: rich functionality and Open Source
• NanoLedger - Data entry app for plain text accounting
• NumberHub - The only calculator / currency converter / time zones / ... - app you need!
• Oinkoin - Oinkoin Money Manager makes managing personal finances easy and secure.
• Oxen Wallet - Oxen lite wallet for Android
• P.CASH - Bitcoin, Ethereum, DeFi, PirateCash, Cosanta, zCash, Dogecoin
• Reckoner - Privacy respecting personal financial tracker
• Recurring Expense Tracker - Keep track of your monthly spending
• RoboSats - Simple and private app to exchange bitcoin for national currencies.
• Simple Crypto Widget - A simple widget to display prices for lots of cryptocurrencies.
• Status Wallet - Cryptocurrency wallet, Private messenger, and Ethereum DApp Browser all in one
• Swiss Bitcoin Pay - 1 minute to accept Bitcoin in your business.
• Taler Cashier - Take cash and give out electronic cash
• Taler Wallet - Makes privacy-friendly online transactions fast and easy
• Unstoppable Wallet - Bitcoin, Ethereum, DeFi
• Valet - The Bitcoin Lightning Wallet with Extra Features
• VAT Calculator - Calculate VAT for any country in the world
• Veil - Privacy focused wallet - Privacy focused VEIL coin crypto wallet
• Wallet - store card information locally on the device
• Waterfly III - personal finance manager
• Working Time Account - Record working hours, generate and send reports (PDF, CSV and ICS)
• Zashi: Zcash Wallet - Zashi is a Zcash wallet that keeps your transaction and message history private

@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

• ArcaneChat - Encrypted chat over e-mail (Delta Chat client)
• Dhaaga (Lite) - An Opinionated Fediverse Microblogging App
• Evergram - Scroll through all your Telegram channels in one timeline
• firefly nightly - Firefly Mastodon Client (nightly pre-releases)
• Graysky - Graysky is a Bluesky client written in React Native
• Igatha - SOS Signaling & Recovery
• Interstellar - An open source Mbin & Lemmy client, connecting you to the fediverse.
• Lemmy Redirect - Deep linking proxy for Lemmy, to launch your selected client automatically
• Mandarin IM - ICQ Client
• Mastify - A beautiful, feature-rich Mastodon client
• Mastodon Redirect - Deep linking proxy for Mastodon, to launch your selected client automatically
• Megalodon - Mastodon for Android but it's pink and has more features
• Mint - a lightweight Misskey Android client
• Moshidon - Mastodon for Android but it's Material You and has more features
• Moxxy - Moxxy is an experimental XMPP client that aims to be modern and easy to use.
• Nullgram - 3rd party client of Telegram
• NowiChat - NowiChat is a chat app with bluetooth networking and end-to-end security.
• Nozzle - lightweight nostr client
• Primal - Primal's Android app for Nostr
• Raccoon for Friendica - Mobile client for Friendica, Mastodon and compatible federated social networks.
• Rattlegram - SMS via audio! - Transmit short text messages over COFDMTV encoded audio signals
• Reply Radar - Reply Radar helps you keep track of the people you still need to reply to. No more forgotten messages — stay organized and in control.
• S2MSP - SMS communication for apps restricted on phone numbers
• Session - Send messages, not metadata. No ads or trackers — only private messaging
• Sideband - Decentralized peer-to-peer secure messaging LXMF client
• Signal - Signal is a messaging app focused on privacy
• Smither - Lightweight Mastodon client
• swob - Communicate with online services using SMS messaging
• Telewatch - Telegram for watch
• Tool Telegram - Send messages on telegram as a bot, easily
• Voyage - Voyage is a lightweight nostr client for Android with a Reddit-like UI.

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Good morning (good night?)! The No Bullshit Bitcoin news feed is now available on Moody's Dashboard! A huge shoutout to sir Clark Moody for integrating our feed.

Headlines

• Spiral welcomes Ben Carman. The developer will work on the LDK server and a new SDK designed to simplify the onboarding process for new self-custodial Bitcoin users.

• The Bitcoin Dev Kit Foundation announced new corporate members for 2025, including AnchorWatch, CleanSpark, and Proton Foundation. The annual dues from these corporate members fund the small team of open-source developers responsible for maintaining the core BDK libraries and related free and open-source software (FOSS) projects.
• Strategy increases Bitcoin holdings to 538,200 BTC. In the latest purchase, the company has spent more than $555M to buy 6,556 coins through proceeds of two at-the-market stock offering programs.
• Spar supermarket experiments with Bitcoin payments in Zug, Switzerland. The store has introduced a new payment method powered by the Lightning Network. The implementation was facilitated by DFX Swiss, a service that supports seamless conversions between bitcoin and legacy currencies.

• The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) wants to contain 'crypto' risks. A report titled "Cryptocurrencies and Decentralised Finance: Functions and Financial Stability Implications" calls for expanding research into "how new forms of central bank money, capital controls, and taxation policies can counter the risks of widespread crypto adoption while still fostering technological innovation."
• "Global Implications of Scam Centres, Underground Banking, and Illicit Online Marketplaces in Southeast Asia." According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report, criminal organizations from East and Southeast Asia are swiftly extending their global reach. These groups are moving beyond traditional scams and trafficking, creating sophisticated online networks that include unlicensed cryptocurrency exchanges, encrypted communication platforms, and stablecoins, fueling a massive fraud economy on an industrial scale.
• Slovenia is considering a 25% capital gains tax on Bitcoin profits for individuals. The Ministry of Finance has proposed legislation to impose this tax on gains from cryptocurrency transactions, though exchanging one cryptocurrency for another would remain exempt. At present, individual 'crypto' traders in Slovenia are not taxed.
• Circle, BitGo, Coinbase, and Paxos plan to apply for U.S. bank charters or licenses. According to a report in The Wall Street Journal, major crypto companies are planning to apply for U.S. bank charters or licenses. These firms are pursuing limited licenses that would permit them to issue stablecoins, as the U.S. Congress deliberates on legislation mandating licensing for stablecoin issuers.

"Established banks, like Bank of America, are hoping to amend the current drafts of [stablecoin] legislation in such a way that nonbanks are more heavily restricted from issuing stablecoins," people familiar with the matter told The Block.

• Charles Schwab to launch spot Bitcoin trading by 2026. The financial investment firm, managing over $10 trillion in assets, has revealed plans to introduce spot Bitcoin trading for its clients within the next year.

Use the tools

• Bitcoin Safe v1.2.3 expands QR SignMessage compatibility for all QR-UR-compatible hardware signers (SpecterDIY, KeyStone, Passport, Jade; already supported COLDCARD Q). It also adds the ability to import wallets via QR, ensuring compatibility with Keystone's latest firmware (2.0.6), alongside other improvements.
• Minibits v0.2.2-beta, an ecash wallet for Android devices, packages many changes to align the project with the planned iOS app release. New features and improvements include the ability to lock ecash to a receiver's pubkey, faster confirmations of ecash minting and payments thanks to WebSockets, UI-related fixes, and more.
• Zeus v0.11.0-alpha1 introduces Cashu wallets tied to embedded LND wallets. Navigate to Settings > Ecash to enable it. Other wallet types can still sweep funds from Cashu tokens. Zeus Pay now supports Cashu address types in Zaplocker, Cashu, and NWC modes.
• LNDg v1.10.0, an advanced web interface designed for analyzing Lightning Network Daemon (LND) data and automating node management tasks, introduces performance improvements, adds a new metrics page for unprofitable and stuck channels, and displays warnings for batch openings. The Profit and Loss Chart has been updated to include on-chain costs. Advanced settings have been added for users who would like their channel database size to be read remotely (the default remains local). Additionally, the AutoFees tool now uses aggregated pubkey metrics for multiple channels with the same peer.
• Nunchuk Desktop v1.9.45 release brings the latest bug fixes and improvements.
• Blockstream Green iOS v4.1.8 has renamed L-BTC to LBTC, and improves translations of notifications, login time, and background payments.
• Blockstream Green Android v4.1.8 has added language preference in App Settings and enables an Android data backup option for disaster recovery. Additionally, it fixes issues with Jade entry point PIN timeout and Trezor passphrase input.
• Torq v2.2.2, an advanced Lightning node management software designed to handle large nodes with over 1000 channels, fixes bugs that caused channel balance to not be updated in some cases and channel "peer total local balance" not getting updated.
• Stack Wallet v2.1.12, a multicoin wallet by Cypher Stack, fixes an issue with Xelis introduced in the latest release for Windows.
• ESP-Miner-NerdQAxePlus v1.0.29.1, a forked version from the NerdAxe miner that was modified for use on the NerdQAxe+, is now available.
• Zark enables sending sats to an npub using Bark.

• Erk is a novel variation of the Ark protocol that completely removes the need for user interactivity in rounds, addressing one of Ark's key limitations: the requirement for users to come online before their VTXOs expire.
• Aegis v0.1.1 is now available. It is a Nostr event signer app for iOS devices.
• Nostash is a NIP-07 Nostr signing extension for Safari. It is a fork of Nostore and is maintained by Terry Yiu. Available on iOS TestFlight.
• Amber v3.2.8, a Nostr event signer for Android, delivers the latest fixes and improvements.
• Nostur v1.20.0, a Nostr client for iOS, adds

@ ecd302a3:557f92cf

• Amnezia - VPN client that enables you to deploy your own VPN server on your server
• AnimePipe (PipePipe) - An alternative Android streaming front-end of Bilibili, NicoNico, Youtube & more
• ArcaneChat - Encrypted chat over e-mail (Delta Chat client)
• Audile - Music recognition app
• baresip - VoIP User Agent app for Android based on baresip SIP library
• Better Stundenplan - A (hopefully) not-so-bad client for virtueller-stundenplan.org
• Bluesky - Bluesky is the ultimate social network for tech-savvy folks who stay connected and in the loop.
• Breezy Weather - A lightweight, powerful, open-source Material Design weather app.
• ByeDPI - Bypass censorship on Android
• ClashMetaForAndroid - A rule-based tunnel
• Clippy - Copy links from the sharing menu with automatic removal of shorteners and trackers
• DAVx⁵ - CalDAV/CardDAV Synchronization and Client
• DuckDuckGo Privacy Browser - Privacy, simplified open source web browser
• EinkBro - lightweight, fast, but powerful browser designed for Eink devices.
• Element - Secure Messenger - Group messenger - encrypted messaging, group chat and video calls
• Element X - Secure messenger - Fastest ever Matrix client
• evcc - solar charging - charge your EV when the sun is shining or electricity is cheap and clean
• Exclave - Proxy client
• FairEmail - Fully featured email client. Neat, intuitive user interface. Privacy friendly
• Fennec - Browse the web
• flabr - client for habr.com
• geteduroam - Configure eduroam by using your institution profile
• getgovroam - Configure the govroam Wi-Fi network securely and correctly
• husi - Husi is a proxy configurations manager.
• Iceraven Browser - Iceraven Browser is a web browser for Android, based on Mozilla's Fenix version of Firefox
• InviZible Pro - increase your security, protect your privacy
• IPerf3Client - iPerf3 is a tool for active measurements of the max bandwidth on IP networks.
• IronFox - Web browser with privacy and security features for Android
• K-9 Mail - Full-featured email client
• Kahon - A fork of Mihon with some annoying restrictions removed
• LabNex - Android app for GitLab
• LibreTube - Alternative YouTube frontend for Android built with Piped
• LinkGuardian - Android client for Linkwarden built with Jetpack Compose
• litube - a feature-rich Android WebView wrapper for YouTube
• Materialious - Modern material design for Invidious
• Mint - a lightweight Misskey Android client
• Mull Browser - Privacy oriented web browser based on Mozilla Fennec
• nekobox - sing-box / universal proxy toolchain for Android
• NewPipe - Lightweight app that lets you watch and listen to media from various platforms.
• Nitterify - open Twitter links in Nitter
• OpenStore - Libre client for RuStore
• Panoramax - Panoramax mobile is an app to capture and upload photo sequences to Panoramax.
• Parcel - Track all your parcels with ease.
• PixEz - A third-party Pixiv flutter client that supports viewing ugoira
• Pixiv-MultiPlatform - Third-party Pixiv client
• ProtonVPN - Secure and Free VPN - Free Swiss VPN with advanced security and privacy features.
• Quad9 Connect - Android application for Quad9 recursive DNS cybersecurity and privacy services
• QuickWeather - Weather at a glance for anywhere in the world!
• Quotes.app - A minimalistic quotes app
• Readeck App - manage saved articles and bookmarks
• Rocket.Chat - Team Communication Tool
• Seqular - Seqular, A Social Network without Place or Nation.
• ServerBox - A server status & toolbox app using Flutter
• SkyTube - An open source YouTube client
• Spotube - Lightweight & resource friendly Spotify client without requiring Spotify Premium
• ThreatScoopOnionChat - A Forked Version focused on privacy from SESSION
• ToS;DR - Short summaries on Terms of Conditions
• TorrServe - Download torrent files
• Traintime PDA - Another personal data assistant for XDU undergraduate.
• Weread - Read it later for web content
• Weather (PFA) - (SECUSO) Lets you watch the weather for cities and locations of your choice
• WhatsDown - ⚡ Fast encrypted chats for the family 🎉
• Wiki Fronted - Wikipedia app with domain fronting
• WikWok - Learn something new with every swipe!
• Wikipedia - Official feature-rich viewer of the free online encyclopedia
• Xray - Xray GUI Client For Android
• YTDLnis - Android Video/Audio Downloader app using yt-dlp