@ 75528885:78eb1c7e

So currently I am testing this obsidian plug in so I can start creating articles on NOSTR. I will definitely try to test this to the max and I will also start making a blog for my journey through Bitcoin mining.

@ d5b257e3:30a2b7bd

SPEC.md

Project: Prime Number CLI Calculator

Overview

A command-line interface (CLI) calculator built using Bun, which only accepts prime numbers as input. The calculator will perform basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) on prime numbers.

Features

1. Prime Number Validation: The calculator will validate all input numbers to ensure they are prime.
2. Arithmetic Operations:
3. Addition (+)
4. Subtraction (-)
5. Multiplication (*)
6. Division (/)
7. Error Handling: Informative error messages for invalid inputs (non-prime numbers, invalid operations, etc.).
8. Help Command: Display usage instructions and examples.

Technical Stack

• Runtime: Bun
• Language: TypeScript
• Testing: Bun's built-in test runner

Usage Example

```bash bun run calculator add 5 7

Output: 12

```

Project Structure

/prime-calculator /src index.ts # Main entry point utils.ts # Helper functions (e.g., prime validation) /tests index.test.ts # Test cases package.json # Project configuration SPEC.md # This document

Requirements

1. Prime Validation: Implement a function to check if a number is prime.
2. CLI Interface: Parse command-line arguments and execute the requested operation.
3. Testing: Write unit tests for all functions.

Next Steps

1. Set up the Bun project.
2. Implement the prime validation logic.
3. Build the CLI interface.

@ 6a6be47b:3e74e3e1

Hi frens! 🌝

🎨Today I painted a full moon, and it got me thinking about how special June’s full moon is. You might have heard it called the “Strawberry Moon” —but that’s not because of its color! According to the Old Farmer’s Almanac, it’s called like that because it's “when the strawberry harvest took place.” 🍓

Fun fact:

“A Moon usually appears reddish when it’s close to the horizon because the light rays must pass through the densest layers of the atmosphere.”


From almanac.com

In Europe, June’s full moon has also been called the “Rose Moon” or even the “Honey Moon,” since it’s the time of the first honey harvest.

According to UK archaeologist and historian Jennifer Wexler in Sky At Night Magazine this year’s Strawberry Moon is extra special because it’s part of a “major lunar standstill,” or lunistice—a rare event that only happens every 18.6 years! During this period, the moon’s path across the sky reaches its most extreme points, making moonrises and moonsets appear unusually far apart. After 2025, we won’t see a standstill like this again until 2043, so this is a once-in-a-generation chance to catch the lowest full moon.

But what is a full moon, anyway?

“A full moon rises around sunset and sets around sunrise. The Moon will appear full for a couple of days.”


From science.nasa.gov

Here’s my watercolor painting of the full moon. I love how magical it looks—there’s something mysterious and humbling about it, and it’s just mesmerizing to catch it (almost) every night in the sky.

💭 Were you able to see the Strawberry Moon this year? I’d love to hear about it!

See you soon, frens.

Godspeed! 🌕

https://stacker.news/items/1004621

@ 4c96d763:80c3ee30

Changes

Daniel D’Aquino (1):

• nostrdb: Fix heap buffer overflow

William Casarin (17):

• win: fix build on windows
• ndb: add note-relays command
• note: always write relay index
• relay-index: fix a few bugs
• debug: add a print for debugging rust integration
• relay: fix race condition bug
• relay: fix potential relay index corruption
• Relay queries
• query: implement author_kind query plan
• fix build on macos
• query: implement profile search query plans
• filter: add initial custom filtering logic
• test: fix custom filter test
• ndb: add --id queries
• eq: fix fallthrough bug
• change <=10 author search queries to ==1
• cleanup previous patch

pushed to nostrdb:refs/heads/master

@ 433e1568:76df16e4

{ "id": "id-1749742303915-wvxk26r", "name": "Neues Board", "description": "", "authors": [ "User" ], "summary": "", "backgroundColor": "#f5f7fa", "customStyle": "", "columns": [ { "id": "id-1749742303915-shl9l6i", "name": "To Do", "color": "color-gradient-1", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749742324261-rg0tla6", "heading": "Karte 1 (Kopie)", "content": "", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "", "url": "", "labels": "", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749742312185-tfw8pib", "heading": "Karte 1", "content": "", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "", "url": "", "labels": "", "inactive": false } ] }, { "id": "id-1749742303915-q9qjhnu", "name": "In Progress", "color": "color-gradient-2", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749742330380-as246pq", "heading": "Karte 1 (Kopie) (Kopie)", "content": "", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "", "url": "", "labels": "", "inactive": false } ] }, { "id": "id-1749742303915-51t3c01", "name": "Done", "color": "color-gradient-3", "cards": [] } ], "aiConfig": { "provider": "", "apiKey": "", "model": "", "baseUrl": "" }, "exportDate": "2025-06-12T16:30:06.121Z", "nostrEvent": true }

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

início

"Vocês vêem? Vêem a história? Vêem alguma coisa? Me parece que estou tentando lhes contar um sonho -- fazendo uma tentativa inútil, porque nenhum relato de sonho pode transmitir a sensação de sonho, aquela mistura de absurdo, surpresa e espanto numa excitação de revolta tentando se impôr, aquela noção de ser tomado pelo incompreensível que é da própria essência dos sonhos..."

Ele ficou em silêncio por alguns instantes.

"... Não, é impossível; é impossível transmitir a sensação viva de qualquer época determinada de nossa existência -- aquela que constitui a sua verdade, o seu significado, a sua essência sutil e contundente. É impossível. Vivemos, como sonhamos -- sozinhos..."

• Livros mencionados por Olavo de Carvalho
• Antiga homepage Olavo de Carvalho
• Bitcoin explicado de um jeito correto e inteligível
• Reclamações

---

• Nostr
• Bitcoin
• How IPFS is broken
• Programming quibbles
• Economics
• Open-source software

---

Nostr GitHub Telegram code

@ df478568:2a951e67

Marty Bent Vibe coded the opportunity cost app. I have not tried it yet, but love the concept. I have been into bitcoin since 2014, but I spent more generational wealth than I would care to admit back then. I've heard stories of fortunes blown on cocaine in the 1980's. I could write a story about spending a fortune on Diet Mt. Dew. I don't drink Diet Mt. Dew anymore. This one time, I spent about a million sats for a light beer at a baseball game. I wouldn't say I had a drinking problem, a million sats was only five bucks at the time. I didn't know that much bitcoin would be worth over a thousand bucks eleven years later.

I don't drink beer anymore. Bitcoin tends to do that to you.

We can afford chairs now. To be honest, we need a couch. The last couch I bought was in 2017 and it cost about a whole bitcoin. That couch is buried in a landfill today. My wife loves furniture, but even she's hesitant to spend sats on a couch now. We know we need a couch, but we don't want to spend sats on something we will need to replace before the next halving.

Many of us who have been in bitcoin for more than a decade have some regrets. I know I do, but we need to live our lives. I would never say you should sit on the floor, but I encourage to you to think about time. How long will this thing I need to buy last? If you think you can give a 3 million sat couch to your grandchildren, spend three million sats on the couch. If your five year plan for the couch is to help fill a landfill, maybe you only need to buy a used couch at a thrift store. This is not investment advice of course. How can it be? I don't know what kind of couch hazards you have in your house. I have trouble finding a couch of my own, but it's how I think about making bigger purchases. How many years of your retirement will that watch, car, house or whatever cost you from your stack? You can only determine that for yourself. I think the opportunity cost app will help you keep track of your decision.

This app was made by someone who once spent a whole bitcoin on a heater. I can't speak for Marty, but I believe the opportunity cost app will help you learn from my mistakes.

For more information, check out:

https://www.opportunitycost.app/

Check out the code on GitHub.

Using The Opportunity Cost App

The app is pretty straight forward. It is only available on Chrome for now so I installed it on the Chromium browser. I looked at the settings, but kept them default.

Then I searched for a Rolex in Duck Duck Go.

The default is bitcoin, but there is a sat calculator in the corner too, I have always wanted a Rolex Milgauss with a green sapphire so I looked it up on eBay. It's about 8 million sats. That's too rich for my blood, but I might be willing to part with a million sats for that watch. I'll definitely pick it up for 500,000 sats. I can wait. Bitcoin is the best clock in the world. I wouldn't go so far as to call this Rolex a shitcoin, but bitcoin is a better clock than any watch in my opinion--Even when compared to my favorite watch.

Video From Opportunity Cost Website

How will you use the Opportunity Cost browser extension?

☮️ npub1marc26z8nh3xkj5rcx7ufkatvx6ueqhp5vfw9v5teq26z254renshtf3g0

https://zapthisblog.com/calculate-your-opportunity-cost-while-shopping/

900,678

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Anglicismos estúpidos no português contemporâneo

Palavras e expressões que ninguém deveria usar porque não têm o sentido que as pessoas acham que têm, são apenas aportuguesamentos de palavras inglesas que por nuances da história têm um sentido ligeiramente diferente em inglês.

Cada erro é acompanhado também de uma sugestão de como corrigi-lo.

Palavras que existem em português com sentido diferente

• submissão (de trabalhos): envio, apresentação
• disrupção: perturbação
• assumir: considerar, pressupor, presumir
• realizar: perceber
• endereçar: tratar de
• suporte (ao cliente): atendimento
• suportar (uma idéia, um projeto): apoiar, financiar
• suportar (uma função, recurso, característica): oferecer, ser compatível com
• literacia: instrução, alfabetização
• convoluto: complicado.
• acurácia: precisão.
• resiliência: resistência.

Aportuguesamentos desnecessários

• estartar: iniciar, começar
• treidar: negociar, especular

Expressões

• "não é sobre...": "não se trata de..."

---

Ver também

• Algumas expressões e ditados excelentes da língua portuguesa, e outras não tão excelentes assim

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

How to do curation and businesses on Nostr

Suppose you want to start a Nostr business.

You might be tempted to make a closed platform that reuses Nostr identities and grabs (some) content from the external Nostr network, only to imprison it inside your thing -- and then you're going to run an amazing AI-powered algorithm on that content and "surface" only the best stuff and people will flock to your app.

This will be specially good if you're going after one of the many unexplored niches of Nostr in which reading immediately from people you know doesn't work as you generally want to discover new things from the outer world, such as:

• food recipe sharing;
• sharing of long articles about varying topics;
• markets for used goods;
• freelancer work and job offers;
• specific in-game lobbies and matchmaking;
• directories of accredited professionals;
• sharing of original music, drawings and other artistic creations;
• restaurant recommendations
• and so on.

But that is not the correct approach and damages the freedom and interoperability of Nostr, posing a centralization threat to the protocol. Even if it "works" and your business is incredibly successful it will just enshrine you as the head of a platform that controls users and thus is prone to all the bad things that happen to all these platforms. Your company will start to display ads and shape the public discourse, you'll need a big legal team, the FBI will talk to you, advertisers will play a big role and so on.

If you are interested in Nostr today that must be because you appreciate the fact that it is not owned by any companies, so it's safe to assume you don't want to be that company that owns it. So what should you do instead? Here's an idea in two steps:

1. Write a Nostr client tailored to the niche you want to cover

If it's a music sharing thing, then the client will have a way to play the audio and so on; if it's a restaurant sharing it will have maps with the locations of the restaurants or whatever, you get the idea. Hopefully there will be a NIP or a NUD specifying how to create and interact with events relating to this niche, or you will write or contribute with the creation of one, because without interoperability this can't be Nostr.

The client should work independently of any special backend requirements and ideally be open-source. It should have a way for users to configure to which relays they want to connect to see "global" content -- i.e., they might want to connect to wss://nostr.chrysalisrecords.com/ to see only the latest music releases accredited by that label or to wss://nostr.indiemusic.com/ to get music from independent producers from that community.

1. Run a relay that does all the magic

This is where your value-adding capabilities come into play: if you have that magic sauce you should be able to apply it here. Your service -- let's call it wss://magicsaucemusic.com/ -- will charge people or do some KYM (know your music) validation or use some very advanced AI sorcery to filter out the spam and the garbage and display the best content to your users who will request the global feed from it (["REQ", "_", {}]), and this will cause people to want to publish to your relay while others will want to read from it.

You set your relay as the default option in the client and let things happen. Your relay is like your "website" and people are free to connect to it or not. You don't own the network, you're just competing against other websites on a leveled playing field, so you're not responsible for it. Users get seamless browsing across multiple websites, unified identities, a unified interface (that could be different in a different client) and social interaction capabilities that work in the same way for all, and they do not depend on you, therefore they're more likely to trust you.

---

Does this centralize the network still? But this a simple and easy way to go about the matter and scales well in all aspects.

Besides allowing users to connect to specific relays for getting a feed of curated content, such clients should also do all kinds of "social" (i.e. following, commenting etc) activities (if they choose to do that) using the outbox model -- i.e. if I find a musician I like under wss://magicsaucemusic.com and I decide to follow them I should keep getting updates from them even if they get banned from that relay and start publishing on wss://nos.lol or wss://relay.damus.io or whatever relay that doesn't even know anything about music.

The hardcoded defaults and manual typing of relay URLs can be annoying. But I think it works well at the current stage of Nostr development. Soon, though, we can create events that recommend other relays or share relay lists specific to each kind of activity so users can get in-app suggestions of relays their friends are using to get their music from and so on. That kind of stuff can go a long way.

@ 79c79f2d:7dbd8c3f

HVAC services in Tucson cover everything from air conditioning repairs to furnace installations, designed specifically for the region’s unique desert climate. With temperatures ranging from freezing winters to blazing summers, efficient heating and cooling systems are vital. Tucson HVAC contractors offer expert installation, maintenance, and emergency repairs to keep your system running smoothly. They provide energy-saving solutions and work with top brands to ensure comfort and reliability. Whether it’s residential or commercial service, Tucson HVAC professionals are known for their fast response, honest pricing, and technical expertise.

@ 8bad92c3:ca714aa5

Another week of conversations with sharp minds thinking about Bitcoin's future and the broader economic landscape. Here are the three most compelling predictions from recent episodes.

Bitcoin Core Will Face a Major Governance Crisis Over Covenant Proposals in 2025 - James O'Beirne

James made a prediction that sent chills through the Bitcoin development community - he believes Bitcoin Core's current governance structure will reach a breaking point this year over covenant proposals like CTV. After working as a Core developer for nearly a decade, he's convinced that the organization's inability to make progress on scaling solutions will force alternative implementations.

His timeline is specific and urgent. James believes that if Core doesn't show "substantive review discussion about how we get this stuff in" within six months, credible developers will start building alternate activation clients. The technical argument is compelling: covenants like CheckTemplateVerify have been thoroughly reviewed for seven years, with a 5 BTC bounty (worth over $500,000) still unclaimed for finding material bugs.

The stakes couldn't be higher for Bitcoin's future. James noted that currently "just over two and a half percent of Americans would be able to, on a monthly basis, buy Bitcoin on an exchange, withdraw it to self-custody, and then maybe make a spend." Without scaling solutions, this number won't improve meaningfully. His prediction reflects growing frustration with Core's de facto monopoly over protocol development. "You simply can't ignore that there is a social reality to being in that world," he said, referring to the concentrated funding and decision-making power that has created what he sees as an unsustainable bottleneck for Bitcoin's evolution.

The U.S. Will See Widespread Energy Blackouts as AI Data Centers Strain the Grid - Anas Alhajji

Dr. Anas delivered a sobering prediction about America's energy infrastructure failing to keep pace with exploding AI demand. He expects we'll see significant blackouts in major cities within the next few years, with a particularly concerning scenario where AI facilities maintain power while residential areas go dark. "I will not be surprised if we end up with a situation like this in some states and some cities," he warned.

The mathematics behind his prediction are stark. Energy consumption is skyrocketing due to multiple factors: urbanization, AI data centers, and simple population growth. When migrants move from rural areas to U.S. cities, their energy consumption increases by 30-70 times. Meanwhile, AI facilities require massive baseload power that renewable sources simply cannot provide reliably.

The infrastructure problems run deeper than just generation capacity. Anas explained that America's electrical grid is aging and wasn't designed for this level of demand. Even worse, we lack the manufacturing capacity to produce enough natural gas turbines - the only realistic solution for reliable baseload power at scale. He predicts this will create a dangerous political dynamic where tech companies with guaranteed power contracts maintain operations during blackouts while regular citizens lose electricity. "We might see a backlash from the population, and we will see politicians basically being forced to fight them because of that."

AI Will Force Millennials Into Career Reinvention Within the Next Decade - Bram Kanstein

Bram made a stark prediction about the collision between artificial intelligence and millennial career paths. He believes that traditional knowledge-based jobs will become obsolete much faster than people expect, forcing an entire generation to completely rethink their working lives. "If you think you're going to work for the next 30 years of your life, think again," he warned during our conversation.

His argument centers on the rapid advancement of AI capabilities that he's witnessed firsthand. After spending just 12 hours working with AI tools, Bram claims he developed what could be "a top 10 cybersecurity invention" - despite having no cybersecurity background. This experience convinced him that jobs requiring strict knowledge and logic are already dead. The implications are massive for millennials who built their careers around expertise that AI can now replicate instantly.

The timing couldn't be worse, as Bram notes that this technological disruption is happening precisely when millennials need stable income to support families and prepare for retirement. His solution? Use Bitcoin to create the time and space needed to figure out how to function in an AI-dominated world. "You need to be aware of that. This is where it's going. So how do you protect yourself in an age of AI? Bitcoin is the perfect way to do that."

---

Blockspace conducts cutting-edge proprietary research for investors.

New Bitcoin Mining Pool Flips Industry Model: "Plebs Eat First" Could Threaten Corporate Dominance

Parasite Pool's radical zero-fee structure challenges mining giants by guaranteeing payouts to small miners while rewarding block finders with instant Bitcoin. It disrupts traditional mining with a hybrid payout model that gives block discoverers 1 BTC immediately, while distributing remaining rewards (~2.125 BTC plus fees) among all pool participants. This "plebs eat first" approach targets the 22% discount miners typically accept in exchange for guaranteed income.

Key innovations that matter:

• Lightning Network integration bypasses Bitcoin's 100-block maturity rule, delivering instant payouts to Lightning wallets
• 10-sat minimum withdrawal eliminates traditional barriers for small miners
• Block withholding protection through substantial honest-miner rewards reduces pool attacks

The pool currently commands just 5 PH/s (0.000006% of Bitcoin's network), meaning an expected 3+ years before hitting a block. But this represents a growing counterculture against Full Pay Per Share (FPPS) pools that dominate corporate mining.

Industry impact: If successful, Parasite Pool could attract commercial miners seeking downside protection while maintaining the lottery appeal that drives pleb participation. The model challenges the structural advantages of corporate mining pools.

What's next: ZK Shark plans to open-source components over time, with the current beta suggesting this is just "V1" of a broader disruption strategy.

Link to Full Article

Subscribe to them here (seriously, you should): https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com/

---

Ten31, the largest bitcoin-focused investor, has deployed $150M across 30+ companies through three funds. I am a Managing Partner at Ten31 and am very proud of the work we are doing. Learn more at ten31.vc/invest.

---

Get this newsletter sent to your inbox daily: https://www.tftc.io/bitcoin-brief/

STACK SATS hat: https://tftcmerch.io/

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@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Bitdeer Mined 196 Bitcoin Worth Over $21 Million In May

Bitdeer Technologies Group, a global leader in Bitcoin mining and infrastructure, has released its unaudited operational update for May 2025, highlighting robust expansion in hashrate capacity, ongoing infrastructure development, and an entrance into AI services. 

$BTDR May 2025 Production & Operations Highlights:

Increased self-mining hashrate to 13.6 EH/s with #SEALMINER deployments.
9 EH/s SEALMINER A2s have been manufactured, with 2.9 EH/s shipped to external customers, including 1.6 EH/s sold and shipped in May.
SEALMINER… pic.twitter.com/wX66hahd2F

— Bitdeer (@BitdeerOfficial) June 11, 2025

“In May 2025, we continued to deploy our SEALMINER mining rigs to our sites in Texas, U.S., Norway, and Bhutan, bringing Bitdeer’s self-mining hashrate to 13.6 EH/s at the end of the month of May,” said Matt Kong, Chief Business Officer at Bitdeer. “Looking forward, we remain on track to deliver over 40 EH/s of self-mining capacity by October 2025. Further, in May, we sold and shipped approximately 1.6 EH/s of our SEALMINER A2s to external customers. Our A3 Series will also be released and available for pre-order very soon”

Bitdeer self-mined 196 BTC in May—an 18.1% increase from April—due to the expanded deployment of SEALMINER A1 and A2 units. A total of 9 EH/s in SEALMINER A2s have been manufactured, with 2.9 EH/s shipped to customers and 1.6 EH/s sold in May alone. 

SEALMINER A3s, which are currently undergoing machine-level testing with positive results, will become available for pre-order in June. Additionally, development of the next-generation A4 SEALMINER chip is progressing, targeting an efficiency of 5 J/TH by Q4 2025.

Bitdeer also announced the launch of its AI Cloud service, powered by over 10 advanced large language models (LLMs), including LLaMA, DeepSeek, and Qwen variants. The infrastructure is designed for strong inference demand, representing a key move into the HPC/AI sector. 

Infrastructure developments include the ongoing energization of the 175 MW Tydal, Norway site—expected to be fully energized by June—and continued progress at the 221 MW Massillon, Ohio site, targeting completion in the second half of 2025. The company also energized 132 MW at its Jigmeling, Bhutan site, with another 368 MW coming online by Q3.

Financially, Bitdeer secured $50 million in cash proceeds during May after Tether exercised warrants from a 2024 private placement. 

With a global capacity of 2,690 MW and expanding operations across North America, Europe, and Asia, Bitdeer continues to assert its role as both a top-tier Bitcoin mining operator and a high-performance computing pioneer. 

This post Bitdeer Mined 196 Bitcoin Worth Over $21 Million In May first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ f1989a96:bcaaf2c1

Good morning, readers!

This week, we begin in Kenya, where police detained Rose Njeri, a software developer and mother of two, for building a website that enables Kenyans to flag causes and email parliament concerning an unpopular tax bill that threatens to raise the cost of living in an already inflation-sticky economy. Due to the holiday court calendar, Njeri remains behind bars awaiting criminal prosecution for what officials claim interfered with government systems, but was really a peaceful resistance to unfavorable economic policy.\ \ To a similar tune, in Venezuela, law enforcement stormed the home of Guillermo Goncalves, co-founder of El Dorado, a peer-to-peer trading app used by Venezuelans to exchange rapidly depreciating bolivares for stablecoins (digital tokens pegged to fiat currency like the US dollar). The El Dorado app filled a gap in Venezuela’s collapsing economy: offering a market-based exchange rate for bolivars and access to more stable currencies.\ \ In freedom tech news, Breez, a company building on the Lightning Network, added support for BOLT 12 and BIP 353 to its Nodeless Software Development Kit (SDK). This will enable wallets powered by the Breez Nodeless SDK to implement these features. BIP 353 makes it easier for activists and NGOs with an Internet domain to receive Bitcoin donations. And BOLT 12 brings greater privacy and efficiency to Bitcoin’s Lightning Network.\ \ We end with an interview with Hong Kong dissident Nathan Law, who turned to Bitcoin to stay active in his push for freedom and democracy in the wake of China’s authoritarian crackdown.

Now, let’s take a closer look.

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GLOBAL NEWS

Kenya | Criminal Prosecution of Software Developer

In Nairobi, Kenya, law enforcement raided the home of software developer Rose Njeri and took her into custody. Her alleged crime: building a platform that lets Kenyans review and email their elected representatives concerning an unpopular tax bill threatening to raise their cost of living. On May 30, 15 officers stormed her home without a warrant, seized her devices, and detained her incommunicado for more than 88 hours. Officials claim her web tool, which auto-generated feedback emails to Kenyan parliament, illegally interfered with government systems. Outside the police station, many Kenyans gathered in protest, demanding her immediate release. Last year, a similar finance bill triggered mass demonstrations and a brutal crackdown that left dozens dead. Njeri’s arrest shows the growing risks civic technologists face and depicts the growing trend of using state power to suppress peaceful pushback to unfavorable economic policy.

Venezuela | National Police Raid Home of El Dorado Founder

Venezuela’s National Police stormed the home of Guillermo Goncalves, co-founder of El Dorado, a peer-to-peer trading app used by Venezuelans to exchange rapidly depreciating bolivares for stablecoins like Tether (USDT) and Circle (USDC). The platform filled a critical gap: offering market-based pricing for bolivares and access to more stable currency. Nonetheless, the regime accuses Goncalves of fueling currency speculation, pointing to past comments where Goncalves highlighted the disconnect between the “official” exchange rate of the bolivar, as set by the Central Bank of Venezuela, and the parallel market rate. The arrests of those publishing truthful economic data and providing alternatives to 162% inflation under the guise of “stability” are hallmarks of a dictatorship that destroyed its currency and is now hunting down those trying to survive outside its system.

Tanzania | Blocks Access to X and Telegram Amid Financial, Political, and Media Repression

Tanzania restricted access to X and Telegram across major Internet providers following a hack of the Tanzanian police force’s official account. The platforms remain offline more than three weeks later in the lead-up to October’s presidential and parliamentary elections. The timing of the shutdown also coincides with the kidnapping of Ugandan journalist, lawyer, and Oslo Freedom Forum speaker Agather Atuhaire, who says she was tortured and sexually assaulted while in Tanzanian custody before being left at the border between Tanzania and Uganda. Recently, the government also banned the use of foreign currency in daily transactions, forcing citizens to rely on the weakening Tanzanian shilling. And in April, the opposition CHADEMA party was disqualified from participating in the October elections under the pretense of treason against party leader Tundu Lissu. The censorship of online platforms, suppression of opposition and dissidents, and laws banning foreign currency all signal a coordinated strategy to silence criticism and strip Tanzanians of both their political voice and financial autonomy.

Russia | Proposes Relocating Bitcoin Miners

Russia’s energy ministry is considering relocating Bitcoin miners to northern regions, where old energy infrastructure sits idle and the state can keep a closer eye. The plan comes months after the Kremlin banned mining across ten southern regions (including Dagestan and Chechnya), citing fears over energy shortages. But the ban has chiefly targeted individual and small-scale miners, not state-aligned corporations. Many independent miners, especially in poorer regions, used Bitcoin to escape financial isolation. Now, they’re being squeezed out in favor of top-down regulations. As the Kremlin tightens its grip on domestic energy and economic activity, it’s clear that the regime sees Bitcoin not as a tool for freedom but as something to be contained, regulated, and surveilled.

Israel | Freezes Bank Account of NGO Providing Aid in Palestine

Physicians for Human Rights Israel, a nonprofit providing medical aid in the West Bank and Gaza, has revealed that its bank accounts were frozen at the beginning of the year. The nonprofit, which previously ran regular medical missions in Palestine, says it was first blocked from making transactions, then warned by its bank, and finally notified in January that its account would be closed. These banking restrictions are not isolated. According to Lee Caspie, the deputy director of physicians for Human Rights Israel, other Israeli nonprofits providing aid to Palestinians receive similar financial treatment. Caspie shared that a new bill advancing would also impose an 80% tax on foreign grants to Israeli charities, with an exemption for those deemed acceptable by the government. These measures threaten to worsen a humanitarian crisis by leaving civil society organizations providing crucial support and services in Palestine financially cut off.

Hungary | Postpones Law That Would Ban Foreign-Funded Organizations

In a small win for civil society in Hungary, Viktor Orbán’s ruling Fidesz party postponed a vote on a sweeping bill that would grant the Orbán regime power to monitor, penalize, and potentially shut down any organization receiving foreign funds. Framed as protecting “sovereignty,” the proposal closely mirrors Russia’s foreign agent law and has been widely condemned as a death blow to Hungary’s independent institutions, media, and dissidents. While officials now say they need more time to “debate the means,” critics warn the delay is a tactical move, not a change of heart. The bill casts an intentionally wide net, branding foreign-backed efforts to defend press freedom and LGBTQ+ rights as threats to national identity and political discourse. “Its aim is to silence all critical voices and eliminate what remains of Hungarian democracy once and for all,” according to a joint statement signed by more than 300 civil society and media organizations.

BITCOIN AND FREEDOM TECH NEWS

Breez | Adds BOLT 12 and BIP 353 Support to Nodeless SDK

Breez, a company helping build out the Bitcoin Lightning economy, released support for BOLT 12 and BIP 353, enabling wallets using the Breez Nodeless SDK (such as Misty Breez and Klever) to implement these features. BOLT 12 is a critical update to the Lightning Network that brings increased privacy and greater censorship resistance to Bitcoin transactions for those facing financial repression. It also introduces reusable payment requests for recurring payments (such as tips and donations to human rights defenders). BIP 353 enables individuals and organizations with access to a domain the ability to create static, human-readable payment addresses (such as user@domain) for Bitcoin payments. With this integration, NGOs or activists with an internet domain and wallet using the Breez SDK can receive uncensorable donations through their domain in an accessible way. Implementing these new Bitcoin features will provide users with greater financial freedom and autonomy under authoritarian regimes.

BTCNutServer | Accept Ecash Payments with BTCPay Server

A new experimental plugin called BTCNutServer is attempting to bring ecash payments to BTCPay Server. The idea is to allow users to accept Cashu ecash tokens alongside Bitcoin using BTCPay Server’s self-custodial and self-hosted infrastructure. Ecash specifically is a digital money system backed by Bitcoin and designed to offer instant, low-cost, and very private transactions. For activists and dissidents, ecash enables bitcoin payments without compromising financial privacy. But users must trust mints (entities that manage and issue ecash tokens) to custody their funds. Though still in early development, BTCNutServer could enable charities, nonprofits, and merchants in repressive countries to accept ecash through BTCPay Server and, in doing so, keep their financial activity hidden from state surveillance.

Private Pond | New Experimental Payjoin System

Private Pond is a new experimental project that builds upon the Payjoin protocol to improve both the privacy and efficiency of Bitcoin transactions. Payjoin works by mixing inputs of a bitcoin payment with inputs from the recipient, making it harder for outside observers to trace who paid whom. Private Pond takes this concept further: it is an application designed to optimize Bitcoin transaction rails (such as a platform’s deposits and withdrawals). It uses transaction batching to bundle many deposits and withdrawals into a single transaction, using incoming deposits to fund outgoing withdrawals. While it’s not production-ready, if Private Pond were implemented in other applications, it could lower fees, create stronger privacy, and expose fewer funds. Innovations like this help strengthen Bitcoin’s original purpose: a financial network that resists censorship and surveillance while staying efficient and scalable.

Chorus.Community | New Social App for Activists

Chorus.Community is a new social app introduced at the 2025 Oslo Freedom Forum that is designed for people who operate under surveillance or censorship. Developed on permissionless technologies like Bitcoin and Nostr, Chorus allows users to share updates, send voice notes, organize groups, and raise funds, all without needing an email, phone number, or approval from any central authority. Unlike traditional platforms, Chorus cannot easily be blocked or shut down. Future updates will include encrypted messaging and group features, further enhancing security. For activists, journalists, and organizers working in closed societies, Chorus offers a new way to stay connected, coordinate, and support one another. Human rights defenders can try it here.

Bitcoin Policy Institute | Upcoming Bitcoin Policy Summit

The Bitcoin Policy Institute will be hosting its third annual Bitcoin Policy Summit from June 25-26 in Washington, DC, bringing together lawmakers, academics, and advocates to help shape and understand the future of Bitcoin policy in the US. A highlight of the event will be HRF’s chief strategy officer, Alex Gladstein’s keynote, “Bitcoin is the Most Powerful Human Rights Tool of the 21st Century,” which will explain Bitcoin’s growing role in resisting authoritarianism and protecting civil liberties worldwide. Learn more about the event here.

HRF | Gifts 800 Million Satoshis to 22 Freedom Projects Worldwide

HRF gifted 800 million satoshis in its Q2 2025 round of Bitcoin Development Fund (BDF) grants, supporting 22 open-source freedom projects worldwide. These projects advance Bitcoin education, open-source software, mining decentralization, and privacy tools for activists contending with authoritarian regimes and dictatorships across Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Supporting censorship-resistant financial tools and permissionless technologies like Bitcoin, Nostr, ecash, Tor, VPNs, and more empowers dissidents, journalists, and civil society to organize, transact, communicate, and speak without state suppression, interference, or manipulation. Learn more about the grantees and their work here. This round of grants also marks the 5-year anniversary of the Bitcoin Development Fund! Watch our anniversary announcement video to celebrate this milestone with us.

OpenSats | Announces 11th Wave of Bitcoin Grants

OpenSats, a public nonprofit funding free and open-source software, announced its 11th wave of grants advancing the Bitcoin protocol as a tool for financial freedom. Among the projects, Mostro and Payjoin stand out for their importance to dissidents and anyone seeking greater financial sovereignty. Mostro is a peer-to-peer Bitcoin exchange protocol built on nostr, allowing users to trade Bitcoin directly without relying on centralized intermediaries that can be surveilled, censored, or shut down. Meanwhile, Payjoin enhances Bitcoin transaction privacy by breaking common heuristics used to trace payments, making it harder for authoritarian surveillance tools to identify payees and the amount transacted. Together, these tools give people living under repressive regimes more private, resilient ways to save and transact.

RECOMMENDED CONTENT

Nathan Law on Hong Kong’s Fight for Freedom, Bitcoin, and Lessons for the West with Ben Perrin

In this interview with Bitcoin educator Ben Perrin (BTC Sessions), exiled Hong Kong activist Nathan Law reveals how Bitcoin became a critical tool for resisting financial blacklisting under China’s authoritarian crackdown. With a $140,000 bounty on his head and no access to traditional banking, Law turned to Bitcoin to stay active in his push for freedom and democracy. Watch the full conversation here.

If this article was forwarded to you and you enjoyed reading it, please consider subscribing to the Financial Freedom Report here.

Support the newsletter by donating bitcoin to HRF’s Financial Freedom program via BTCPay.\ Want to contribute to the newsletter? Submit tips, stories, news, and ideas by emailing us at ffreport @ hrf.org

The Bitcoin Development Fund (BDF) is accepting grant proposals on an ongoing basis. The Bitcoin Development Fund is looking to support Bitcoin developers, community builders, and educators. Submit proposals here.

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@ 69eea734:4ae31ae6

Vor ein paar Tagen stieß ich auf einen faszinierenden Artikel von Michel Bauwens, Mitbegründer der P2PFoundation, mit Links zu weiteren Texten – zum Beispiel über den Puls der Commons –, die ich ebenfalls äußerst interessant fand.

Der Artikel zeigt unter anderem gut, wie unterschiedlich Commons aussehen können, so dass ich ihn heute als Ausgangspunkt nehmen möchte, um ein paar Puzzle-Steine in mein entstehendes Bild der Commons einzufügen.

Das Grundmuster menschlichen Zusammenlebens?

Bauwens betrachtet die Commons aus historischer Sicht, wie sie sich in verschiedenen Zeiten unterschiedlich manifestieren, manchmal gar nahezu verschwinden und heute in wiederum veränderter Form neu entstehen – und plädiert dafür, dass sie noch weit stärker werden sollten.

Er legt zunächst dar, was die Commons sind und was nicht. (zum Beispiel nichts, was vom Staat verwaltet wird, wie ein öffentlicher Park.) Ausschlaggebend ist, dass eine Ressource von ihren Herstellern oder Benutzern selbst betreut wird. Commons entstehen dabei durch Beziehungen. Sie sind etwas spezifisch Menschliches und eine Wahl, die „fast immer“ zur Verfügung steht, so Bauwens. Eine die Geschichte überdauernde menschliche Praxis.

Er nennt drei verschiedene geschichtlichen Entwicklungen:

• Eine lineare - Wie präsentiert sich der Commons über verschiedene, komplexer werdende, Phasen der Menschheitsgeschichte hinweg?
• Eine hin und her schwingendende: In der Geschichte einer Zivilisation werden die Commons in Zeiten von Überfluss -- und daraus resultierender Verschwendung uns steigender Ressourcen-Extraktion -- unterdrückt, konstitutieren sich aber dann als Gegenbewegung wieder neu.
• Eine stufenweise: Die heutigen, mit neuen Möglichkeiten ausgestatteten Formen der Commons könnten in der nächsten Phase unserer Zivilisation (oder nach unserer Zivilisation) eine entscheidende Rolle spielen.

Wenn man verschiedene Arten des Austausches betrachtet (Bauwens beruft sich hierbei auf Alan Fiske), kann man geschichtlich analysieren, welche zu verschiedenen Zeiten vorrangig waren (dies tat Kojin Karatani in The Structure of World History von 2014).

Die vier Muster sind:

• Gemeinschaftliche Beteiligung, Commons (die Gemeinschaft baut mir ein Haus, und ich helfe später bei einem anderen Hausbau mit; ein Beispiel aus neuerer Zeit ist die Entwicklung von Linux)
• Wechselseitiger Austausch (Geschenkökonomie – es wird eine etwa gleichwertige Leistung zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt erwartet)
• Hierarchisch bedingte Verteilung, wie im Feudalismus
• Marktwirtschaft (es gibt ein allgemeines Zahlungsmittel mit einem bestimmten Wert)

Bauwens: „Entscheidend ist jedoch, dass die Menschheit ständig bestrebt ist, Modus A wiederherzustellen, denn die Menschen haben eine kulturelle und wahrscheinlich auch allgemeine Vorliebe für ein geselliges Leben in kleinen, vertrauten Gruppen. Aber menschliche Gruppen versuchen, dies auch auf höheren Komplexitätsebenen zu tun, in einem ständigen Versuch, die extraktive Logik der Zivilisation zu mäßigen.“ (Katarani bezeichnet eine Verbindung von Commoning und Geschenkökonomie in stammesorientierten Kulturen als Modus A)

Commons durch die Zeiten - ein kurzer Abriss

In der ursprünglichsten Form der Commons in Jäger- und Sammler-Gemeinschaften, werden Nahrung und sonstige Ressourcen mit der ganzen Gemeinschaft geteilt - dies ist zumindest die vorherrschende Form des Austauschs.

Im Zuge der Agrar-Revolution geht es um das gemeinsame Bewirtschaften von Flächen.

Im Mittelalter entwickelt sich in Europa das Feudalsystem. Auch hier werden manche Felder aber noch von den Dorfbewohnern gemeinsam verwaltet.

Ab dem 16. Jahrhundert fanden, am stärksten in England, die Enclosures (auf deutsch Einhegungen) statt. Das heißt, dass Felder zur effizienteren Bewirtschaftung von den Besitzern zusammengelegt und umzäunt wurden.

Besonders im 19. Jahrhundert, mit dem Aufkommen der Industrialisierung, nahm diese Entwicklung immer stärker zu. Die landwirtschaftlichen Commons wurden dadurch weitgehend zerstört.

Im industriellen Kapitalismus, als die Arbeiter kaum Rechte hatten, und es auch um das bloße Überleben ging, entwickelte sich ein sozialer Commons Dieser bestand darin, dass sich die Arbeiter gegenseitig halfen und sich gegenseitig versicherten. Aus dieser Bewegung entstand dann der Sozialstaat. Der Staat übernahm also Aufgaben, die die Menschen zuvor füreinander geleistet hatten.

Man könnte daher sagen, dass im Kapitalismus die natürlichen Commons-Ressourcen privatisiert und die sozialen Commons verstaatlicht wurden.

In der Moderne waren sich viele Menschen der Bedeutung von Commons gar nicht mehr bewusst.

Mit dem Internet, dem World Wide Web und weiteren digitalen Techniken erschlossen sich dann neue Möglichkeiten. Mit Peer Production, Open Source Software, sowie den Creative Commons Lizenzen, enstand eine neue Inkarnation der Commons. Und damit ist die Entwicklung noch nicht abgeschlossen...

Warum Commons nicht in ein Links-Rechts-Schema passen

Mit seinem Streifzug durch die Geschichte zeigt Bauwens, wie vielfältig die Commons sein können, und warum ihnen in der heutigen Zeit eine starke Rolle zukommen sollte. Nebenbei ergibt sich für mich auch, dass sie jenseits von linker oder rechter Ideologie liegen. Hierzu eine kurze Zwischenbetrachtung von mir:

Weil es um kollektives Handeln geht, und auch wegen des Namens („hört sich an wie Kommunismus“, meinte meine Mutter), entsteht leicht der Eindruck, es handele sich um ein besonders linksgerichtetes Phänomen.

Eine gut eingespielte Fußballmannschaft agiert auch als Kollektiv. Der Verein verwaltet vielleicht ein Clubhaus. Wohl kaum jemand würde deswegen den Verein als links bezeichnen.

Freilich sind die Mitglieder heutiger Commons-Bewegungen vorwiegend „progressiv“, zuweilen auf eine rigide Weise. Bauwens hat damit schon eine leidvolle Erfahrung gemacht. Aber Commons als soziales System sind es nicht. Dafür spricht allein schon die Tatsache, dass es sie viel länger gibt als die politische Links-Rechts-Einteilung.

Eine starke Rolle für die Commons

Wie steht es um die Commons heute? Das werde ich in weiteren Artikeln noch versuchen zu beleuchten.

Mir kommt gerade der Gedanke in den Sinn: Sie wachsen überall.

Wie oben erwähnt, enstand mit zunehmenden digitalen Möglichkeiten eine neue Form der Commons. Leider gab es hier auch moderne Formen der Einhegungen. Github wurde von Microsoft übernommen, der Sardex (alternatives lokales Wirtschaftsnetzwerk) anscheinend von einer Investment-Firma. AWS (Amazon Web Services) verleibt sich gerne woanders entwickelte Projekte ein und bietet sie als zahlungspflichtige Services an. Krypto wurde -- weitgehend -- "gekapert".

Aber zum einen gibt es nicht nur den digital basierten Commons, es entsteht schon viel auf anderer Ebene, und zum anderen sind Commoners erfinderische Menschen...

Michel Bauwens hat in seinen Artikeln im Übrigen noch mehr zu den heutigen Commons zu sagen. Inbesondere beführwortet er das Kosmo-Lokale (Cosmo-Local). Was leicht ist (Wissen) wird geteilt, was Gewicht hat (etwa landwirtschaftliche und andere Produktion), wird an lokale Gegebenheiten angepasst und vor Ort bewerkstelligt.

Und das Zusammenspiel von Digitalem und Materiellem verspricht weitere Möglichkeiten.

In jedem Fall haben die Commons eine ausgleichende, regenerierende Kraft, die wir aufgrund der heutigen vielen Kriesen gar nicht ungenützt lassen können, ganz unabhängig von unserer sozialer Ebene - das gilt auch für die Superreichen.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Nostr: a quick introduction, attempt #2

Nostr doesn't subscribe to any ideals of "free speech" as these belong to the realm of politics and assume a big powerful government that enforces a common ruleupon everybody else.

Nostr instead is much simpler, it simply says that servers are private property and establishes a generalized framework for people to connect to all these servers, creating a true free market in the process. In other words, Nostr is the public road that each market participant can use to build their own store or visit others and use their services.

(Of course a road is never truly public, in normal cases it's ran by the government, in this case it relies upon the previous existence of the internet with all its quirks and chaos plus a hand of government control, but none of that matters for this explanation).

More concretely speaking, Nostr is just a set of definitions of the formats of the data that can be passed between participants and their expected order, i.e. messages between clients (i.e. the program that runs on a user computer) and relays (i.e. the program that runs on a publicly accessible computer, a "server", generally with a domain-name associated) over a type of TCP connection (WebSocket) with cryptographic signatures. This is what is called a "protocol" in this context, and upon that simple base multiple kinds of sub-protocols can be added, like a protocol for "public-square style microblogging", "semi-closed group chat" or, I don't know, "recipe sharing and feedback".

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Bitwise Debuts First Ever GameStop Covered Call ETF

Today, Bitwise Asset Management announced the launch of the Bitwise GME Option Income Strategy ETF (IGME), the first-ever covered call ETF centered around GameStop (GME). The fund arrives at a moment where GameStop recently made headlines for its $500 million Bitcoin treasury strategy.

GameStop is embracing bitcoin; we built an income-generating ETF designed to capture that hype and turn it into yield.

Introducing $IGME: The first option income ETF capitalizing on investor interest in @gamestop and their adoption of bitcoin as a treasury asset.

As the fourth… pic.twitter.com/EHaXX9PK7X

— Bitwise (@BitwiseInvest) June 10, 2025

Led by Bitwise’s Head of Alpha Strategies Jeff Park, IGME is the latest addition to Bitwise’s rapidly expanding suite of option income ETFs. The actively managed fund is designed to generate income through a covered call strategy while offering investors exposure to GameStop, a company that has transformed from mall retailer to a key player in the digital asset conversation. 

“IGME is the first covered call strategy built around GameStop, a stock whose historic volatility and growth potential make it a strong fit for this approach,” said Park. “With IGME, investors now have access to an option income ETF based on an equity that sits at the intersection of retail investor popularity, a traditional revenue-generating business, and digital asset adoption.”

GameStop recently disclosed that it holds 4,710 Bitcoin, worth over $500 million at the time of purchase, positioning it among the growing list of public companies making Bitcoin a core treasury component. As of March 31, 2025, over 79 public companies hold a collective $57 billion in Bitcoin—a 159% increase from the previous year, according to Bitcoin Asset Management.

IGME follows the launch of Bitwise’s other option income ETFs, including IMST (Strategy), ICOI (Coinbase), and IMRA (Marathon Digital Holdings). These ETFs aim to deliver monthly income through synthetic covered call strategies that leverage options rather than direct equity holdings. 

“At Bitwise, our mission is to help investors gain access to the full range of opportunities emerging in crypto,” said Bitwise CEO Hunter Horsley. “We’re excited to add IGME to our suite of option income ETFs to help investors capitalize on the volatility of companies in the space.”

IGME plans to announce its first monthly distribution on July 24 and carries an expense ratio of 0.98%.  

This post Bitwise Debuts First Ever GameStop Covered Call ETF first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Estórias

• O caso da Grêmio TV
• Jofer
• Lagoa Santa: como chegar -- partindo da rodoviária de Belo Horizonte
• O Planetinha

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Stripe Acquires Startup Privy To Expand Bitcoin Strategy

Today, Stripe Inc. announced that it has acquired Bitcoin and crypto wallet infrastructure provider Privy, marking its second major digital asset focused acquisition following its $1.1 billion purchase of stablecoin firm Bridge earlier this year.

1/ Today, we're proud to announce that Stripe is acquiring Privy.

We couldn’t be more excited.

Privy will continue as an independent product – but now we’ll move faster, ship more, and serve you even better, so you can stay focused on your users. pic.twitter.com/8CHJqhqYy7

— Privy (@privy_io) June 11, 2025

Privy specializes in helping companies embed Bitcoin and crypto wallets directly into their apps and websites. For example, NFT marketplace OpenSea uses Privy to streamline purchases by automatically generating wallets for users. This removes the need for external wallet setups through services like MetaMask or Coinbase.

“When we started, wallets were powerful but inaccessible for all but the most technical,” said the Co-founder and CEO of Privy Henri Stern in a statement. “Developers had to send users off-platform to get started, breaking flows and killing user conversion. That friction fundamentally constrained what could be built in crypto.”

Privy, based in New York, was founded by Henri Stern and Asta Li in 2021. Li was previously a founding engineer at Aurora, while Stern worked as a research scientist at web3 firm Protocol Labs. The startup has raised just over $40 million from investors including Ribbit Capital, Definition, and Coinbase Ventures, and was last valued at $230 million in March, according to PitchBook.

“We started Privy a little over three years ago to make it easy for any developer to build better products on crypto rails,” stated their announcement. “Whether crypto is core to your app or simply a new layer of functionality, a good crypto product should just feel like a good product, period. By making crypto usable, we help make it useful for everyone.”

The acquisition follows Stripe’s earlier purchase of Bridge which helped accelerate interest in digital assets. Earlier this year, Stripe introduced stablecoin funded accounts designed to help merchants store funds and make international payments using Circle’s USDC and Bridge’s USDB. Similar to Bridge, Privy will continue operating as a standalone product.

Privy will power over 75 million accounts and support more than 1,000 developer teams, enabling billions in transaction volume, according to the announcement. Clients include Hyperliquid, Blackbird, Toku, and Farcaster, all using Bitcoin and crypto infrastructure to build real-world products in areas like trading, payments, payroll, and social applications.

“With a unified platform, connecting Privy’s wallets to the money movement capabilities in Stripe and Bridge, we’re enormously excited to enable a new generation of global, Internet-native financial services,” stated the co-founder and CEO of Stripe Patrick Collison.

This post Stripe Acquires Startup Privy To Expand Bitcoin Strategy first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ 69eea734:4ae31ae6

Vor ein paar Tagen stieß ich auf einen faszinierenden Artikel von Michel Bauwens, Mitbegründer der P2PFoundation, mit Links zu weiteren Texten – zum Beispiel über den Puls der Commons –, die ich ebenfalls äußerst interessant fand.

Der Artikel zeigt unter anderem gut, wie unterschiedlich Commons aussehen können, so dass ich ihn heute als Ausgangspunkt nehmen möchte, um ein paar Puzzle-Steine in mein entstehendes Bild der Commons einzufügen.

Das Grundmuster menschlichen Zusammenlebens?

Bauwens betrachtet die Commons aus historischer Sicht, wie sie sich in verschiedenen Zeiten unterschiedlich manifestieren, manchmal gar nahezu verschwinden und heute in wiederum veränderter Form neu entstehen – und warum sie noch weit stärker werden sollten.

Er legt zunächst dar, was die Commons sind und was nicht. (zum Beispiel nichts, was vom Staat verwaltet wird, wie ein öffentlicher Park) Ausschlaggebend ist, dass eine Ressource von ihren Herstellern oder Benutzern selbst betreut wird. Commons entstehen dabei durch Beziehungen. Sie sind etwas spezifisch Menschliches und eine Wahl, die „fast immer“ zur Verfügung steht, so Bauwens. Eine die Geschichte überdauernde menschliche Praxis.

Er nennt drei verschiedene geschichtlichen Entwicklungen:

• Eine lineare - Wie präsentiert sich der Commons über verschiedene, komplexer werdende, Phasen der Menschheitsgeschichte hinweg?
• Eine hin und her schwingendende: In der Geschichte einer Zivilisation werden die Commons in Zeiten von Überfluss -- und daraus resultierender Verschwendung uns steigender Ressourcen-Extraktion -- unterdrückt, konstitutieren sich aber dann als Gegenbewegung wieder neu.
• Eine stufenweise: Die heutigen, mit neuen Möglichkeiten ausgestatteten Formen der Commons könnten in der nächsten Phase unserer Zivilisation (oder nach unserer Zivilisation) eine entscheidende Rolle spielen.

Wenn man verschiedene Arten des Austausches betrachtet (Bauwens beruft sich hier auf Alan Fiske), kann man geschichtlich analysieren, welche dieser Muster zu verschiedenen Zeiten vorrangig waren (dies tat Kojin Karatani in The Structure of World History von 2014).

Die vier Muster sind:

• Gemeinschaftliche Beteiligung, Commons (die Gemeinschaft baut mir ein Haus, und ich helfe später bei einem anderen Hausbau mit; ein Beispiel aus neuerer Zeit ist die Entwicklung von Linux)
• Wechselseitiger Austausch (Geschenkökonomie – es wird eine etwa gleichwertige Leistung zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt erwartet)
• Hierarchisch bedingte Verteilung, wie im Feudalismus
• Marktwirtschaft: Es gibt ein allgemeines Zahlungsmittel mit einem bestimmten Wert.

Bauwens: „Entscheidend ist jedoch, dass die Menschheit ständig bestrebt ist, Modus A wiederherzustellen, denn die Menschen haben eine kulturelle und wahrscheinlich auch allgemeine Vorliebe für ein geselliges Leben in kleinen, vertrauten Gruppen. Aber menschliche Gruppen versuchen, dies auf jeweils höheren Komplexitätsebenen zu tun, in einem ständigen Versuch, die extraktive Logik der Zivilisation zu mäßigen.“ (Katarani bezeichnet eine Verbindung von Commoning und Geschenkökonomie in stammesorientierten Kulturen als Modus A)

Commons durch die Zeiten - ein kurzer Abriss

In der ursprünglichsten Form der Commons in Jäger- und Sammler-Gemeinschaften, werden Nahrung und sonstige Ressourcen mit der ganzen Gemeinschaft geteilt - dies ist zumindest die vorherrschende Form des Austauschs.

Im Zuge der Agrar-Revolution geht es um das gemeinsame Bewirtschaften von Flächen.

Im Mittelalter entwickelt sich in Europa das Feudalsystem. Auch hier werden manche Felder aber noch von den Dorfbewohnern gemeinsam verwaltet.

Ab dem 16. Jahrhundert fanden, am stärksten in England, die Enclosures (auf deutsch Einhegungen) statt. Das heißt, dass Felder zur effizienteren Bewirtschaftung von den Besitzern zusammengelegt und mit Zäunen versehen wurden.

Besonders im 19. Jahrhundert, mit dem Aufkommen der Industrialisierung, nahm diese Entwicklung immer stärker zu. Die landwirtschaftlichen Commons wurden dadurch weitgehend zerstört.

Im industriellen Kapitalismus, als die Arbeiter kaum Rechte hatten, und es auch um das bloße Überleben ging, entwickelte sich ein sozialer Commons Dieser bestand darin, dass sich die Arbeiter gegenseitig halfen und sich gegenseitig versicherten. Aus dieser Bewegung entstand dann der Sozialstaat. Der Staat übernahm also Aufgaben, die die Menschen zuvor füreinander geleistet hatten.

Man könnte daher sagen, dass im Kapitalismus die natürlichen Commons-Ressourcen privatisiert und die sozialen Commons verstaatlicht wurden.

In der Moderne waren sich viele Menschen der Bedeutung von Commons gar nicht mehr bewusst.

Mit dem Internet, dem World Wide Web und weiteren digitalen Techniken erschlossen sich dann neue Möglichkeiten. Mit Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) und Peer Production, sowie den Creative Commons Lizenzen, enstand eine neue Inkarnation der Commons. Und damit ist die Entwicklung noch nicht abgeschlossen...

Warum Commons nicht in ein Links-Rechts-Schema passen

Mit seinem Streifzug durch die Geschichte zeigt Bauwens, wie vielfältig die Commons sein können, und warum ihnen in der heutigen Zeit eine starke Rolle zukommen sollte. Nebenbei ergibt sich für mich auch, dass sie jenseits von linker oder rechter Ideologie liegen. Hierzu eine kurze Zwischenbetrachtung von mir:

Weil es um kollektives Handeln geht, und auch wegen des Namens („hört sich an wie Kommunismus“, meinte meine Mutter), entsteht leicht der Eindruck, es handele sich um ein besonders linksgerichtetes Phänomen.

Eine gut eingespielte Fußballmannschaft agiert auch als Kollektiv. Der Verein verwaltet vielleicht ein Clubhaus. Wohl kaum jemand würde deswegen den Verein als links bezeichnen.

Freilich sind die Mitglieder heutiger Commons-Bewegungen vorwiegend „progressiv“, zuweilen auf eine rigide Weise. Bauwens hat damit schon eine leidvolle Erfahrung gemacht. Aber Commons als soziales System sind es nicht. Dafür spricht allein schon die Tatsache, dass es sie viel länger gibt als die politische Links-Rechts-Einteilung.

Eine starke Rolle für die Commons

Wie steht es um die Commons heute? Das werde ich in weiteren Artikeln noch versuchen zu beleuchten.

Mir kommt gerade der Gedanke in den Sinn: Sie wachsen überall.

Wie oben erwähnt, enstand mit zunehmenden digitalen Möglichkeiten eine neue Form der Commons. Leider gab es hier auch moderne Formen der Einhegungen. Github wurde von Microsoft übernommen, der Sardex (alternatives lokales Wirtschaftsnetzwerk) anscheinend von einer Investment-Firma. AWS (Amazon Web Services) verleibt sich gerne woanders entwickelte Projekte ein und bietet sie als zahlungspflichtige Services an. Krypto wurde -- weitgehend -- "gekapert".

Aber zum einen gibt es nicht nur den digital basierten Commons, es entsteht schon viel auf anderer Ebene, und zum anderen sind Commoners erfinderische Menschen...

Michel Bauwens hat in seinen Artikeln im Übrigen noch mehr zu den heutigen Commons zu sagen. Inbesondere beführwortet er das Kosmo-Lokale (Cosmo-Local). Was leicht ist (Wissen) wird geteilt, was Gewicht hat (etwa landwirtschaftliche und andere Produktion), wird an lokale Gegebenheiten angepasst und vor Ort bewerkstelligt.

Und das Zusammenspiel von Digitalem und Materiellem verspricht weitere Möglichkeiten.

In jedem Fall haben die Commons eine ausgleichende, regenerierende Kraft, die wir aufgrund der heutigen vielen Kriesen gar nicht ungenützt lassen können, ganz unabhängig von unserer sozialer Ebene - das gilt auch für die Superreichen.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Why relay hints are important

Recently Coracle has removed support for following relay hints in Nostr event references.

Supposedly Coracle is now relying only on public key hints and kind:10002 events to determine where to fetch events from a user. That is a catastrophic idea that destroys much of Nostr's flexibility for no gain at all.

• Someone makes a post inside a community (either a NIP-29 community or a NIP-87 community) and others want to refer to that post in discussions in the external Nostr world of kind:1s -- now that cannot work because the person who created the post doesn't have the relays specific to those communities in their outbox list;
• There is a discussion happening in a niche relay, for example, a relay that can only be accessed by the participants of a conference for the duration of that conference -- since that relay is not in anyone's public outbox list, it's impossible for anyone outside of the conference to ever refer to these events;
• Some big public relays, say, relay.damus.io, decide to nuke their databases or periodically delete old events, a user keeps using that big relay as their outbox because it is fast and reliable, but chooses to archive their old events in a dedicated archival relay, say, cellar.nostr.wine, while prudently not including that in their outbox list because that would make no sense -- now it is impossible for anyone to refer to old notes from this user even though they are publicly accessible in cellar.nostr.wine;
• There are topical relays that curate content relating to niche (non-microblogging) topics, say, cooking recipes, and users choose to publish their recipes to these relays only -- but now they can't refer to these relays in the external Nostr world of kind:1s because these topical relays are not in their outbox lists.
• Suppose a user wants to maintain two different identities under the same keypair, say, one identity only talks about soccer in English, while the other only talks about art history in French, and the user very prudently keeps two different kind:10002 events in two different sets of "indexer" relays (or does it in some better way of announcing different relay sets) -- now one of this user's audiences cannot ever see notes created by him with their other persona, one half of the content of this user will be inacessible to the other half and vice-versa.
• If for any reason a relay does not want to accept events of a certain kind a user may publish to other relays, and it would all work fine if the user referenced that externally-published event from a normal event, but now that externally-published event is not reachable because the external relay is not in the user's outbox list.
• If someone, say, Alex Jones, is hard-banned everywhere and cannot event broadcast kind:10002 events to any of the commonly used index relays, that person will now appear as banned in most clients: in an ideal world in which clients followed nprofile and other relay hints Alex Jones could still live a normal Nostr life: he would print business cards with his nprofile instead of an npub and clients would immediately know from what relay to fetch his posts. When other users shared his posts or replied to it, they would include a relay hint to his personal relay and others would be able to see and then start following him on that relay directly -- now Alex Jones's events cannot be read by anyone that doesn't already know his relay.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

About Nostr, email and subscriptions

I check my emails like once or twice a week, always when I am looking for something specific in there.

Then I go there and I see a bunch of other stuff I had no idea I was missing. Even many things I wish I had seen before actually. And sometimes people just expect and assume I would have checked emails instantly as they arrived.

It's so weird because I'm not making a point, I just don't remember to open the damn "gmail.com" URL.

---

I remember some people were making some a Nostr service a while ago that sent a DM to people with Nostr articles inside -- or some other forms of "subscription services on Nostr". It makes no sense at all.

Pulling in DMs from relays is exactly the same process (actually slightly more convoluted) than pulling normal public events, so why would a service assume that "sending a DM" was more likely to reach the target subscriber when the target had explicitly subscribed to that topic or writer?

Maybe due to how some specific clients work that is true, but fundamentally it is a very broken assumption that comes from some fantastic past era in which emails were 100% always seen and there was no way for anyone to subscribe to someone else's posts.

Building around such broken assumptions is the wrong approach. Instead we should be building new flows for subscribing to specific content from specific Nostr-native sources (creators directly or manual or automated curation providers, communities, relays etc), which is essentially what most clients are already doing anyway, but specifically Coracle's new custom feeds come to mind now.

---

This also reminds me of the interviewer asking the Farcaster creator if Farcaster made "email addresses available to content creators" completely ignoring all the cryptography and nature of the protocol (Farcaster is shit, but at least they tried, and in this example you could imagine the interviewer asking the same thing about Nostr).

I imagine that if the interviewer had asked these people who were working (or suggesting) the Nostr DM subscription flow they would have answered: "no, you don't get their email addresses, but you can send them uncensorable DMs!" -- and that, again, is getting everything backwards.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Bitcoin transactions explained

A transaction is a piece of data that takes inputs and produces outputs. Forget about the blockchain thing, Bitcoin is actually just a big tree of transactions. The blockchain is just a way to keep transactions ordered.

Imagine you have 10 satoshis. That means you have them in an unspent transaction output (UTXO). You want to spend them, so you create a transaction. The transaction should reference unspent outputs as its inputs. Every transaction has an immutable id, so you use that id plus the index of the output (because transactions can have multiple outputs). Then you specify a script that unlocks that transaction and related signatures, then you specify outputs along with a script that locks these outputs.

As you can see, there's this lock/unlocking thing and there are inputs and outputs. Inputs must be unlocked by fulfilling the conditions specified by the person who created the transaction they're in. And outputs must be locked so anyone wanting to spend those outputs will need to unlock them.

For most of the cases locking and unlocking means specifying a public key whose controller (the person who has the corresponding private key) will be able to spend. Other fancy things are possible too, but we can ignore them for now.

Back to the 10 satoshis you want to spend. Since you've successfully referenced 10 satoshis and unlocked them, now you can specify the outputs (this is all done in a single step). You can specify one output of 10 satoshis, two of 5, one of 3 and one of 7, three of 3 and so on. The sum of outputs can't be more than 10. And if the sum of outputs is less than 10 the difference goes to fees. In the first days of Bitcoin you didn't need any fees, but now you do, otherwise your transaction won't be included in any block.

If you're still interested in transactions maybe you could take a look at this small chapter of that Andreas Antonopoulos book.

If you hate Andreas Antonopoulos because he is a communist shitcoiner or don't want to read more than half a page, go here: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Coin_analogy

@ 005bc4de:ef11e1a2

After dropping off a relative at the airport, my wife and I found ourselves in an area that was rather new to us and we had the whole afternoon open. So, what to do? We stopped by the local Visitor Center for ideas. The usual shopping and dining routine isn't a big interest to us (though I like to eat!). No, it was time to get outdoors.

So, some local trail maps gave some ideas and off we went. Hiking is nice, and, even though you're huffing it out when you hike, it's relaxing to be outdoors. An aimless amble in nature is the reward itself. But, it's also sometimes nice to have a destination in mind, a goal to reach. The trails we chose had a few waterfalls and three were within our range. Waterfalls are great as destinations: you usually have to hike rugged trails to get to them, but when you do, there's a big payoff. Here's a teaser:

Along the walk to waterfall number one, an interesting shadow caught my eye on the trail. The shadow looked like a wreath on the ground in a nearly perfect circle. With the other leaves, the shadow looked like a large blooming flower. Overhead, the maple branch was filtering out the light just right to make the shadow. I thought it was neat.

Just below that shadow, we came to the stream and saw the falls through the trees.

Here's a closer view of the falls. From where I took the pic, there was a steady roar of water, of course, and, you could feel the cool mist and breeze like natural air conditioning...a multi-sensory experience and yet another payoff for the hike. The young man in the image decided to do a hand stand, because, that's what you do at the base of a waterfall, right?

A second falls was called Triple Falls. I bet you can guess why...

We went to a third falls which was low and wide, but really more of a swimming hole because the pool at the bottom was also wide and deep. It being a warm and sunny day, it was rather crowded with people cooling off. No photo because I didn't want to be the weird person pulling out a camera and taking pictures of people in their swimsuits!

The hike back was a nice, relaxing trail walk that looked like this:

Returning home, my wife agreed we made a good choice for the day.

.hostr

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Nostr is not decentralized nor censorship-resistant

Peter Todd has been saying this for a long time and all the time I've been thinking he is misunderstanding everything, but I guess a more charitable interpretation is that he is right.

Nostr today is indeed centralized.

Yesterday I published two harmless notes with the exact same content at the same time. In two minutes the notes had a noticeable difference in responses:

The top one was published to wss://nostr.wine, wss://nos.lol, wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com. The second was published to the relay where I generally publish all my notes to, wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com, and that is announced on my NIP-05 file and on my NIP-65 relay list.

A few minutes later I published that screenshot again in two identical notes to the same sets of relays, asking if people understood the implications. The difference in quantity of responses can still be seen today:

These results are skewed now by the fact that the two notes got rebroadcasted to multiple relays after some time, but the fundamental point remains.

What happened was that a huge lot more of people saw the first note compared to the second, and if Nostr was really censorship-resistant that shouldn't have happened at all.

Some people implied in the comments, with an air of obviousness, that publishing the note to "more relays" should have predictably resulted in more replies, which, again, shouldn't be the case if Nostr is really censorship-resistant.

What happens is that most people who engaged with the note are following me, in the sense that they have instructed their clients to fetch my notes on their behalf and present them in the UI, and clients are failing to do that despite me making it clear in multiple ways that my notes are to be found on wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com.

If we were talking not about me, but about some public figure that was being censored by the State and got banned (or shadowbanned) by the 3 biggest public relays, the sad reality would be that the person would immediately get his reach reduced to ~10% of what they had before. This is not at all unlike what happened to dozens of personalities that were banned from the corporate social media platforms and then moved to other platforms -- how many of their original followers switched to these other platforms? Probably some small percentage close to 10%. In that sense Nostr today is similar to what we had before.

Peter Todd is right that if the way Nostr works is that you just subscribe to a small set of relays and expect to get everything from them then it tends to get very centralized very fast, and this is the reality today.

Peter Todd is wrong that Nostr is inherently centralized or that it needs a protocol change to become what it has always purported to be. He is in fact wrong today, because what is written above is not valid for all clients of today, and if we drive in the right direction we can successfully make Peter Todd be more and more wrong as time passes, instead of the contrary.

---

See also:

• Censorship-resistant relay discovery in Nostr
• A vision for content discovery and relay usage for basic social-networking in Nostr

@ 2cde0e02:180a96b9

墨 sumi ink & hanko red paste;

https://stacker.news/items/1004461

@ 58537364:705b4b85

ในร่างกายที่มันมีสิ่งที่เรียกว่า… ระบบประสาท ทีนี้มีอะไรเข้ามากระทบร่างกาย คือกระทบระบบประสาท ปฏิกิริยามันก็เกิดขึ้น เป็นเหตุการณ์ อย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งขึ้น

เหตุการณ์นั้นแหละสำคัญ ถ้าให้เกิดความรู้สึกที่ถูกใจมันจะเป็นบวก เหตุการณ์นั้นไม่รู้สึกถูกใจแก่จิต มันก็จะเป็นลบ #ตัวกูเพิ่งเกิดเมื่อมีการกระทบแล้ว

ถ้าเหตุการณ์ที่เป็นบวกเกิดขึ้น ตัวกูบวกก็เกิดขึ้น เหตุการณ์ที่เป็นลบเกิดขึ้น ตัวกูที่เป็นลบเกิดขึ้น #ตัวกูนี้เกิดหลังเหตุการณ์ ขอให้เข้าใจดีๆ ไม่ใช่เกิดอยู่ก่อน

ตัวกูคลอดออกมาจาก situation ที่มากระทบระบบประสาท เช่นว่า… ไม่ได้กินอาหาร ขาดอาหาร มันหิว ความหิวเกิดขึ้นแก่ระบบประสาท ต่อมาจึงเกิด concept ว่า กูหิว, มีการกินแล้วจึงเกิด concept ว่า กูกิน

ถ้ามีอาการอร่อยแก่ลิ้น มันจึงเกิด concept ว่า… กูอร่อย หรือ มาทีหลังเหตุการณ์เสมอ จะถือว่าเป็น product ของเหตุการณ์นั้น ๆ ก็ได้

นี่คือความที่ไม่มีตัวจริง มิใช่ของจริง ของสิ่งที่เรียกว่าตัวกู #ขอให้รู้จักว่าตัวกูนี้มันเป็นมายาถึงขนาดนี้

ฟังดูการพูดอย่างนี้ มันเป็น logic แต่ความจริงของธรรมชาติมันเป็นอย่างนั้น ถือตามกฎ logic ธรรมดาสามัญ ที่พูดกันอยู่นี้ไม่ได้ ต้องถือตามความเป็นจริงที่ว่า มันเป็นอยู่อย่างไร

จิตก็เป็นธาตุชนิดหนึ่ง สิ่งแวดล้อมต่างๆ ที่เป็นธาตุชนิดหนึ่ง พอมาถึงกันเข้า ก็เกิดปฏิกิริยาออกมาอย่างนั้นอย่างนี้ ความรู้สึกที่เรียกว่า… #จิตคิดนึกได้นี้_ก็เป็นปฏิกิริยาที่เกิดขึ้นเท่านั้น แล้วความรู้สึกว่าตัวกู ตัวนี้ก็เป็นเพียงปฏิกิริยาที่เกิดขึ้นเท่านั้น.

มันฟังยากสำหรับท่านทั้งหลายที่ว่า ผู้กระทำนั้นเกิดทีหลังการกระทำ มันผิด logic อย่างนี้

แต่ความจริงเป็นอย่างนั้น self หรือ ego ผู้กระทำจะเกิดทีหลังการกระทำ เป็นปฏิกิริยาของการกระทำ

ความคิดอย่าง ตรรกะ หรืออย่างปรัชญา เอามาใช้กับสิ่งนี้ไม่ได้ ขอยืนยันไว้อย่างนี้

ถ้าท่านยังไม่เชื่อ ท่านก็ไปคิดดูเรื่อย ๆ ไปเถอะ ท่านจะพบว่ามันไม่เป็นอย่างกฎเกณฑ์ทางตรรกะหรือทางปรัชญา ที่เรามีๆ กันอยู่

ผู้กระทำเป็นเพียง concept ไม่ใช่ตัวจริง ส่วนการกระทำมันเป็นเหตุการณ์ของธรรมชาติ พอเข้ามาถึงจิตแล้ว ก็เกิดความคิด ความเชื่อ ความยึดว่าตัวกู

ตัวกูซึ่งเป็นเพียง concept ไม่ใช่ของจริง

พุทธทาสภิกขุ

อตัมมยตาประทีป

ชีวิตใหม่และหนทางเข้าถึงชีวิตใหม่

หน้า_๒๙๕-๒๙๖

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Censorship-resistant relay discovery in Nostr

In Nostr is not decentralized nor censorship-resistant I said Nostr is centralized. Peter Todd thinks it is centralized by design, but I disagree.

Nostr wasn't designed to be centralized. The idea was always that clients would follow people in the relays they decided to publish to, even if it was a single-user relay hosted in an island in the middle of the Pacific ocean.

But the Nostr explanations never had any guidance about how to do this, and the protocol itself never had any enforcement mechanisms for any of this (because it would be impossible).

My original idea was that clients would use some undefined combination of relay hints in reply tags and the (now defunct) kind:2 relay-recommendation events plus some form of manual action ("it looks like Bob is publishing on relay X, do you want to follow him there?") to accomplish this. With the expectation that we would have a better idea of how to properly implement all this with more experience, Branle, my first working client didn't have any of that implemented, instead it used a stupid static list of relays with read/write toggle -- although it did publish relay hints and kept track of those internally and supported kind:2 events, these things were not really useful.

Gossip was the first client to implement a truly censorship-resistant relay discovery mechanism that used NIP-05 hints (originally proposed by Mike Dilger) relay hints and kind:3 relay lists, and then with the simple insight of NIP-65 that got much better. After seeing it in more concrete terms, it became simpler to reason about it and the approach got popularized as the "gossip model", then implemented in clients like Coracle and Snort.

Today when people mention the "gossip model" (or "outbox model") they simply think about NIP-65 though. Which I think is ok, but too restrictive. I still think there is a place for the NIP-05 hints, nprofile and nevent relay hints and specially relay hints in event tags. All these mechanisms are used together in ZBD Social, for example, but I believe also in the clients listed above.

I don't think we should stop here, though. I think there are other ways, perhaps drastically different ways, to approach content propagation and relay discovery. I think manual action by users is underrated and could go a long way if presented in a nice UX (not conceived by people that think users are dumb animals), and who knows what. Reliance on third-parties, hardcoded values, social graph, and specially a mix of multiple approaches, is what Nostr needs to be censorship-resistant and what I hope to see in the future.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Nostr: a quick introduction, attempt #1

Nostr doesn't have a material existence, it is not a website or an app. Nostr is just a description what kind of messages each computer can send to the others and vice-versa. It's a very simple thing, but the fact that such description exists allows different apps to connect to different servers automatically, without people having to talk behind the scenes or sign contracts or anything like that.

When you use a Nostr client that is what happens, your client will connect to a bunch of servers, called relays, and all these relays will speak the same "language" so your client will be able to publish notes to them all and also download notes from other people.

That's basically what Nostr is: this communication layer between the client you run on your phone or desktop computer and the relay that someone else is running on some server somewhere. There is no central authority dictating who can connect to whom or even anyone who knows for sure where each note is stored.

If you think about it, Nostr is very much like the internet itself: there are millions of websites out there, and basically anyone can run a new one, and there are websites that allow you to store and publish your stuff on them.

The added benefit of Nostr is that this unified "language" that all Nostr clients speak allow them to switch very easily and cleanly between relays. So if one relay decides to ban someone that person can switch to publishing to others relays and their audience will quickly follow them there. Likewise, it becomes much easier for relays to impose any restrictions they want on their users: no relay has to uphold a moral ground of "absolute free speech": each relay can decide to delete notes or ban users for no reason, or even only store notes from a preselected set of people and no one will be entitled to complain about that.

There are some bad things about this design: on Nostr there are no guarantees that relays will have the notes you want to read or that they will store the notes you're sending to them. We can't just assume all relays will have everything — much to the contrary, as Nostr grows more relays will exist and people will tend to publishing to a small set of all the relays, so depending on the decisions each client takes when publishing and when fetching notes, users may see a different set of replies to a note, for example, and be confused.

Another problem with the idea of publishing to multiple servers is that they may be run by all sorts of malicious people that may edit your notes. Since no one wants to see garbage published under their name, Nostr fixes that by requiring notes to have a cryptographic signature. This signature is attached to the note and verified by everybody at all times, which ensures the notes weren't tampered (if any part of the note is changed even by a single character that would cause the signature to become invalid and then the note would be dropped). The fix is perfect, except for the fact that it introduces the requirement that each user must now hold this 63-character code that starts with "nsec1", which they must not reveal to anyone. Although annoying, this requirement brings another benefit: that users can automatically have the same identity in many different contexts and even use their Nostr identity to login to non-Nostr websites easily without having to rely on any third-party.

To conclude: Nostr is like the internet (or the internet of some decades ago): a little chaotic, but very open. It is better than the internet because it is structured and actions can be automated, but, like in the internet itself, nothing is guaranteed to work at all times and users many have to do some manual work from time to time to fix things. Plus, there is the cryptographic key stuff, which is painful, but cool.

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

Autor: Anna Nagel. (Bild: Lukas Karl). Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier. Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie auch in unserem Telegram-Kanal.

---

Die neuesten Artikel der Friedenstaube gibt es jetzt auch im eigenen Friedenstaube-Telegram-Kanal.

---

Teil 3 ist der letzte Teil des Essays. Hier geht es zu Teil 1 und Teil 2.

«Der große Jammer mit den Menschen ist, dass sie so genau wissen, was man ihnen schuldet, und so wenig Empfindungen dafür haben, was sie anderen schulden.»

– Franz von Sales

In den ersten beiden Teilen der Reihe «Mitgefühl und Vergebung» ging es darum, Wege zu finden, mit unserem Gegenüber, unserem «Widersacher» oder sogar der Menschheit an sich, weich zu werden, Verständnis zu finden, uns selbst vom Groll zu befreien und Frieden zu schließen. Doch wie ist das eigentlich andersherum?

Denn was bei all den Gedanken über das Verzeihen und Mitfühlen nicht fehlen darf, ist, sich selbst zu vergeben und auch, sich selbst zu entschuldigen. Häufig wissen wir zwar schnell, auf wen wir noch wütend sind, welchen Schmerz wir noch nicht loslassen konnten, – obwohl natürlich auch einige Wunden tiefer verschüttet sind – gleichwohl kann es noch etwas undurchsichtiger werden, wenn wir uns selbst einmal ehrlich fragen, wen wir verletzt haben, wem wir etwas schuldig geblieben sind. Denn das ist die Kehrseite der Medaille: Ich glaube, dass niemand von uns komplett ohne Schuld ist.

Zwar ist es einfacher, im Außen Verantwortliche für alles Mögliche zu finden, wie zum Beispiel das Unrecht in der Welt oder unsere eigenen verletzten Gefühle, da es häufig auch offensichtlicher ist, es lenkt uns aber auch gerne von den eigenen Schattenanteilen ab. Häufig werden wir sogar leider erst mit unseren eigenen Schuldgefühlen konfrontiert, wenn es zu spät ist; beispielsweise wenn es um Trennungen geht – oder wenn jemand Geliebtes stirbt. Erst dann zeigen sich bei den meisten Momente und Gefühle des Bereuens, des Bedauerns, des Wieder-gut-machen-Wollens.

Sehr viele Menschen, die eine Nahtoderfahrung erlebt haben, berichten, dass, als ihnen ihr eigenes Leben im Panoramablick gezeigt wurde, sie alle Situationen aus Sicht der Menschen fühlten, mit denen sie interagiert hatten. Also dass sie spätestens da merkten, in welchen Situationen ihre Worte und ihr Verhalten andere verletzten.

Andererseits gibt es auch Menschen, die von Schuldgefühlen förmlich zerfressen werden. Sie nagen an ihnen und ihrem Gewissen und manche werten sich selbst zutiefst ab, bis hin zum Selbsthass. Hier stellt sich die Frage, wie wir uns selbst helfen können, uns selbst ent-schuldigen können. Oder kann das nur derjenige, demgegenüber wir Schuld empfinden?

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Es tut mir leid

\ Wo wir können, sollten wir uns selbstverständlich entschuldigen und um Vergebung bitten. Nicht nur für uns selbst, sondern auch für den anderen. Wer das schon einmal ehrlich getan hat, weiß, wie schwer das sein kann und wem wiederum schon einmal eine wirklich ernstgemeinte Entschuldigung entgegen gebracht wurde, weiß, wie heilsam und tief berührend sie sein kann.

Viel zu häufig werden Entschuldigungen nämlich nicht ganz so ernst gemeint; wir werfen mit Wortschnipseln um uns, ein kurzes «Sorry» nuscheln wir in den Hemdkragen, drehen uns vielleicht noch dabei weg oder nutzen sie als Floskel, weil es sich «so gehört». Ebenso alltäglich finden wir das berühmte: «Tut mir ja leid, aaaber…» plus Rechtfertigung und möglicherweise sogar Gegenvorwürfen.

Das meine ich nicht, ich meine das ehrliche Entschuldigen. Das reine Schuldeingeständnis, die hundertprozentige Verantwortungsübernahme für das eigene Verhalten – wie oft erlebst du diese? Von anderen sowie von dir selbst. Es gehört nämlich schon eine ganze Portion Mut und innere Größe dazu, sich seiner Fehltritte bewusst zu sein, diese zuzugeben – und zwar vor sich selbst und zudem vor demjenigen, dem man auf den Fuß getreten ist –, ihm tief in die Augen zu schauen und zu sagen: «Es tut mir leid.» Ohne Erwartung, ohne Rechtfertigung. Im tiefen Einverständnis mit allen Konsequenzen.

Es braucht deshalb so viel Mut, weil es schmerzhaft und beängstigend sein kann. Weil wir uns dem anderen hingeben und unsere «Waffen» niederlegen. Es kann sein, dass die andere Person die Entschuldigung nicht annimmt, oder unser Eingeständnis sogar gegen uns verwendet, aber Größe zu haben, bedeutet auch, dies zu akzeptieren und sich dem ungewissen Ausgang zu stellen, die Machtkämpfe sein zu lassen und dem anderen das Zepter in die Hand zu geben.

Eine ehrliche Entschuldigung kommt von Herzen, nämlich, wenn wir gespürt haben, was wir dem anderen angetan oder zugemutet haben. Sie braucht wahres Mitfühlen und Erkennen sowie die Bereitschaft, das eigene Ego beiseite zu schieben. Dies kann zu Frieden führen – je nachdem, was jeder der Beteiligten für sich daraus macht und was vorgefallen war selbstverständlich –, aber derjenige, der sich entwaffnet, wird das Schlachtfeld auch verlassen und sich sich selbst und seinem Verhalten widmen, um in Zukunft von vornherein mitfühlender und achtsamer sein zu können.

Denn wenn ich lerne, mein Gegenüber zu spüren und mit ihm in Verbindung zu gehen, spüre ich am eigenen Leib die Verletzungen und wenn ich bereit bin, die Verantwortung zu übernehmen, gelange ich zu dem Gefühl des Bedauerns, beispielsweise, wenn ich die Konsequenz einer Trennung, tragen muss. Dadurch entsteht in mir ein intrinsisches Bedürfnis, in Zukunft liebevoller und achtsamer mit meinen Mitmenschen umzugehen.

„Es scheint wirklich den Menschen nur eine Hoffnung zu geben: Zwar nicht die Welt und die anderen, aber wenigstens sich selbst einigermaßen ändern und bessern zu können; und auf denen, die das tun, beruht im geheimen das Heil der Welt.“

―Hermann Hesse

Eine wahre Entschuldigung impliziert also die empathische Verbindung mit dem anderen und führt somit zu Selbsterkenntnis, wodurch in der Regel eine persönliche Aufarbeitung und Veränderung des eigenen Verhaltens folgt, während Vorwürfe nach außen hin üblicherweise darauf abzielen, den oder die anderen ändern zu wollen.

Sich selbst vergeben

Was aber passiert, wenn der andere uns nicht vergeben möchte, oder wir denjenigen, demgegenüber wir uns schuldig fühlen nicht erreichen können oder auch, wenn wir nicht einmal wissen, weswegen oder ob, wir uns schuldig fühlen, weil die Gefühle oder Erinnerungen zu weit im Unterbewusstsein vergraben wurden? 

In einer sehr fragilen Phase während meines Heilungsprozesses wandte ich mich an «Gott», an das Universum, und fragte verzweifelt: «Vergibst du mir?», und die Antwort war: «Vergibst du dir denn selbst?».

Was für eine Antwort. Was für eine Frage ja viel mehr - und doch auch gleichzeitig so viel Antwort. Warum braucht es einen anderen, um mir meine Schuldgefühle zu nehmen und vor allem, wie kann das gehen? Es sind meine Gefühle, mein Körper, meine Seele, mein Gewissen und wenn ein Anteil in mir sich plagt, ist es vielleicht doch einzig auch meine Aufgabe, ihn zu heilen und zu befreien? Aber kann ich das? Habe ich denn diese Macht? Darf ich das? Oder muss ich es vielleicht sogar? Was wäre, wenn das Universum «Ja» gesagt hätte? Hätte es vielleicht gar nichts an meinen Gefühlen geändert, weil das, was ich selbst glaube und das, was ich selbst von mir halte, vielleicht schwerer wiegt, als das, was ein anderer sagt? Hätte ich ihm überhaupt geglaubt? Letztlich war es ja «nur» meine eigene innere Stimme, die ich vernahm. 

Aber ja, ich erkannte, dass, wenn ich die Macht habe, mich zu verurteilen und zu strafen, wohl auch nur ich die Macht habe, gnädig und versöhnlich mit mir zu sein. Und so machte ich mich auf den Weg, herauszufinden, wie ich selbst meine Schuldgefühle auflösen konnte und werde versuchen, im Folgenden die Essenzen daraus zu vermitteln, in der Hoffnung, dass vielleicht jemand etwas daraus für sich mitnehmen kann.

Mir ging es fast mein Leben lang so, dass mir bei jeder kleinsten Kleinigkeit Adrenalin samt Wut auf mich selbst durch den Körper schossen. Nahezu permanent war mein innerer Kritiker parat, mich innerlich niederzumachen für: Einfach alles. 

Eines Tages saß ich mit mir da und forschte nach den Ursachen. Ich fragte mich, woher all dieser Selbsthass kam und ich dachte, dass es doch eigentlich nur Sinn ergibt, sich selbst so sehr zu verabscheuen, wenn man der absolut böseste Mensch der Welt sei. Wie viel Schuld und Missetaten müsste ein anderer begehen, um ihm gegenüber auch nur annähernd so unversöhnlich zu sein, wie mir selbst gegenüber? Und mir wurde klar, dass es unter der Wut auf mich selbst unter anderem um Schuld ging.

Ich wusste nicht recht, womit ich mich so unsagbar schuldig gemacht hatte, aber eine vorsichtige Stimme in mir schlug vor, dass ich es doch eventuell im Laufe all der Jahre abgebüßt haben könnte, dass ich mich doch genug gegeißelt haben könnte, – oder? Eigentlich empfand ich sogar ein kleines bisschen Mitgefühl mit mir selbst, mit meinem inneren Kind, meiner kleinen Anna. Was habe ich ihr, was habe ich mir eigentlich damit angetan? Das tat mir dann schon irgendwie leid. Und ich bat sie – und mich – um Verzeihung.

Intuitiv sprach ich die Worte: «Es tut mir leid!» mehrfach hintereinander laut aus, und mit jedem Mal tat es zunächst mehr weh. Erstaunlicherweise zeigten sich mit der Zeit von ganz allein innere Bilder und Situationen aus der Vergangenheit, die mir leid taten – sowohl mich selbst betreffend, als auch andere Situationen und Personen –, was zu Mitgefühl, Bedauern und auch Scham- und Schuldgefühlen führte. Wieder einige Zeit später verschwanden nach und nach die belastenden Emotionen und Bilder und ich wiederholte meine Worte so lange, bis es nicht mehr weh tat.

Daraufhin sprach ich laut aus: «Es ist ok, ich verzeihe dir», und auch das so oft, bis keine Bilder mehr kamen und bis es nicht mehr weh tat.

Diese Perspektivwechsel, also sowohl der Empfänger als auch der Sender zu sein, lernte ich zuvor in einer anderen Situation, die ich in diesem Video näher beschreibe.

Als nächstes sagte ich laut: «Mir wird vergeben», ebenfalls mehrmals und bis alle Tränen des Unglaubens, der Dankbarkeit und Erleichterung, getrocknet waren, und ich etwas Sonderbares empfand: es war warm und weich in mir, irgendwie entspannt. Ich fühlte mich wohl. Und mit einem kurzen Schreck identifizierte ich dieses Gefühl als (Selbst-)Liebe. Huch! Ich !? Ja, das war ich. Da war also dieser Frieden, diese Liebe in mir, für mich. Und auch für die Welt und die Menschheit, bei der ich mich ebenfalls entschuldigte – und ihnen verzieh, weil zumindest ein Anteil in mir schon immer damit haderte, Mensch zu sein. Aber seit dem Tag freunde ich mich zunehmend damit an und ich entdecke immer schönere Seiten am Leben –  und auch an mir selbst.

Es macht einen unbeschreiblichen Unterschied, wie sich die Welt im eigenen Körper anfühlt und wie ich sie durch meine eigenen Augen sehe – je nachdem, wie meine Einstellung zu ihr und vor allem auch zu mir selbst ist. 

Gibt es Schuld denn überhaupt? 

Einige Leute sagen, Schuld gibt es überhaupt nicht. Und auch, wenn ich hier so ausführlich darüber schreibe, denke ich das ebenfalls. Wie passt das zusammen und wie kann diese Perspektive helfen? 

Genauer gesagt, ist meine Antwort auf die Schuldfrage: Ja und Nein. Denn auf der einen Seite gibt es Schuld definitiv, in diesem Gefühl kenne ich mich ja sehr gut aus und auch unser Rechtssystem arbeitet mit Schuld. Andererseits, wenn ich mir die Natur ansehe – und die Menschheit und ihre Gedankenkonstrukte, Vereinbarungen und Gefühle ausblende –, komme ich persönlich zu dem Ergebnis, dass es keine natürliche Schuld gibt. Sondern, dass Schuld ein menschliches Konzept ist und außerhalb dessen, das heißt, wie gesagt in der Natur, aber möglicherweise auch auf Seelenebene oder erst recht einem bedingungslos liebenden «Gott» oder Universum gegenüber, irrelevant wird. 

Diese Grundlage ist bedeutend für die folgende Situation, denn der eine Teil des Heilungsprozesses besteht darin, die alten Gefühle zu durchfühlen, um sie loszulassen, der andere beschäftigt sich mit den dahinterstehenden Glaubenssätzen.

Eingangs erwähnte ich die Situation, dass einem im Trauerprozess um eine geliebte Person Schuldgefühle begegnen können – so auch mir. Die Gefühle und Gedanken dazu waren derart quälend, dass es sich höchstwahrscheinlich nur jemand ausmalen kann, der bereits ähnliches durchleben musste. Denn das Gefühl, Schuld am Tod der geliebten Person zu sein, zerreißt einen innerlich in Stücke. Und obwohl ich mir auf anderer Ebene bewusst war, dass ich in Wirklichkeit natürlich nicht Schuld daran war, da ich ja keinen Mord begangen und auch nicht seine Krankheit verursacht habe, kamen mir immer wieder Bilder vor Augen, die mir Momente zeigten, in denen ich vielleicht doch noch etwas mehr oder weniger hätte sagen oder tun können, um den Krankheitsverlauf möglicherweise doch noch irgendwie zu beeinflussen. 

Auch mein Glaube daran, dass eine Seele geht, wenn sie bereit dafür ist und nur sie selbst weiß, wann ihre Zeit gekommen ist und warum, konnte mir die Bilder und Gefühle nicht nehmen. Es fühlte sich an, als wäre etwas Zerstörerisches in mir, das an mir zerrte, das mich von innen her auffraß und möglicherweise kein Teil meiner selbst zu sein schien, bis ich mich eines Tages schluchzend vor den Spiegel stellte, mich zwang, mir in die Augen zu sehen und laut zu mir zu sagen: «Ich glaube nicht an Schuld! Schuld ist ein Konzept der Menschen. In der Natur gibt es keine Schuld. Ich glaube nicht an Schuld. Schuld ist ein Konzept der Menschen, …» und so weiter.

Es kostete wahnsinnig viel Kraft, diese Sätze auszusprechen, weil die Energie der Schuld, in der mein Körper feststeckte, genau gegenteilig schwang und der größte Teil in mir in dem Moment davon eingenommen war. Ich musste also enorme Kraft aufbringen, diese Worte auszusprechen, um diesen kleinen Funken der Liebe in mir durchzusetzen und es war, als würde ich gegen einen Orkan angehen. Aber auch hier wurde mit jeder Wiederholung der Schmerz der Schuld und des Widerspruches zwischen diesen beiden Anteilen zunächst erträglicher und dann immer weniger, bis ich irgendwann ruhig dort stehen und die Sätze aussprechen konnte. 

Dies ist sicherlich eine besondere Situation in Bezug auf «Mitgefühl und Vergebung». Vielleicht findet sich aber dennoch jemand in dieser oder einer ähnlichen Situation wieder, in der die alten Glaubenssätze im Gegensatz zur Entwicklung im Heilungsprozess stehen oder jemand ist sogar ähnlich strukturiert – und daher anfällig für Schuldgefühle – wie ich. Daher entschied ich mich dafür, den Absatz doch noch mit aufzunehmen.

Lieben heißt Lernen – Fazit

«Das Leben eines jeden Menschen ist ein Weg zum eigenen Ich, der Versuch eines Weges, der Entwurf eines Weges.» – Hermann Hesse

In gleicher Weise, wie ich lerne, mich zu fühlen und mir selbst zu vergeben, erfahre ich, dass ich auch aufhöre, andere für meine Gefühle verantwortlich zu machen und, dass es mir auch automatisch sehr viel leichter fällt, mich in andere hineinzuversetzen, ihnen versöhnlich zu begegnen und ihnen ihr Leben, ihr Verhalten und ihre Lernaufgaben zuzugestehen.

Interessanterweise entdeckte ich auch, dass, in den meisten Fällen, in denen sich noch Ärger auf andere Personen offenbarte, ich, bei näherem Hinsehen, eigentlich mir selbst noch nicht vergeben hatte. Wenn Gedanken kamen, wie: «Wie konntest du dich mir gegenüber so ungerecht und respektlos verhalten? Wie konntest du mich so verletzen?», sah ich, dass ich diejenige war, die sich so hat behandeln lassen. Dass ich diejenige war, die mich nicht beschützt hat, die mich verletzt und im Stich gelassen hat.

Es ist ein tiefer, innerer Prozess, sich kennen- und verstehen zu lernen. Sich selbst zu vergeben, bedeutet auf der einen Seite, sich Vergangenes zu vergegenwärtigen, mitfühlend auf unser jüngeres Ich zu schauen und zu verstehen, dass wir, aus unserem damaligen Wissen und Verständnis heraus, so gut gehandelt haben, wie wir konnten. Im Nachhinein wissen wir oft mehr und wir bereuen und ärgern uns, doch in dem Zauber dieses Prozesses erkennen wir, dass wir stetig dazulernen und wachsen und in der Vergangenheit noch nicht sehen konnten, was wir jetzt sehen. Im Hier und Jetzt haben wir die Möglichkeit, uns neu zu entscheiden, immer wieder.

Zudem geht der Weg zum inneren Frieden darüber hinaus, als «nur» mit vergangenen Situationen und Versionen von uns Frieden zu schließen; er bedeutet in jedem Moment, mit dem, was sich in uns zeigt, mit allen Gedanken und Gefühlen, versöhnlich und liebevoll umzugehen, weich mit ihnen – mit uns selbst – zu werden und Mitgefühl auch in die verschleiertsten und ungeliebtesten Bereiche unseres Selbst zu bringen.

Im ersten Teil von «Mitgefühl und Vergebung» zitierte ich C.G Jung, der fragte: «Was aber, wenn ich nun entdecken sollte, daß der armselige Bettler und der unverschämteste Beleidiger alle in mir selber sind und ich bedürftig bin, Empfänger meiner eigenen Wohltaten zu sein? Daß ich der Feind bin, den ich lieben muß - was dann?». Und ich glaube, eine Antwort darauf könnte sein, dass wir uns genau dann auf dem Weg heimwärts befinden. Dass wir, wenn wir uns unseren eigenen Anteilen stellen und lernen, die Perspektiven zu wechseln, erkennen, dass wir einander mehr ähneln, als wir glaubten.

Auf dem Weg zu sein, bedeutet auch, dass wir weiterhin «Fehler» machen werden, die uns dann unser zukünftiges Ich liebevoll vergeben wird.

«Die Welt selbst aber, das Seiende um uns her und in uns innen, ist nie einseitig. Nie ist ein Mensch, oder eine Tat, ganz Sansara oder ganz Nirvana, nie ist ein Mensch ganz heilig oder ganz sündig. Es scheint ja so, weil wir der Täuschung unterworfen sind, dass Zeit etwas Wirkliches sei. Zeit ist nicht wirklich, Govinda, ich habe dies oft und oft erfahren. Und wenn Zeit nicht wirklich ist, so ist die Spanne, die zwischen Welt und Ewigkeit, zwischen Leid und Seligkeit, zwischen Böse und Gut zu liegen scheint, auch eine Täuschung.

…Nein, in dem Sünder ist, ist jetzt und heute schon der künftige Buddha, seine Zukunft ist alle schon da, du hast in ihm, in dir, in jedem den werdenden, den möglichen, den verborgenen Buddha zu verehren. Die Welt, Freund Govinda, ist nicht unvollkommen, oder auf einem langsamen Wege zur Vollkommenheit begriffen: nein, sie ist in jedem Augenblick vollkommen, alle Sünde trägt schon die Gnade in sich, alle kleinen Kinder haben schon den Greis in sich, alle Säuglinge den Tod, alle Sterbenden das ewige Leben.

…Mögen die Dinge Schein sein oder nicht, auch ich bin alsdann ja Schein, und so sind sie stets meinesgleichen.  Das ist es, was sie mir so lieb und verehrenswert macht: sie sind meinesgleichen. Darum kann ich sie lieben. Und dies ist nun eine Lehre, über welche du lachen wirst: die Liebe, o Govinda, scheint mir von allem die Hauptsache zu sein.

Die Welt zu durchschauen, sie zu erklären, sie zu verachten, mag großer Denker Sache sein. Mir aber liegt einzig daran, die Welt lieben zu können, sie nicht zu verachten, sie und mich nicht zu hassen, sie und mich und alle Wesen mit Liebe und Bewunderung und Ehrfurcht betrachten zu können.»

– Hermann Hesse, Siddartha*

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@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8

Europa sitzt in einem Demokratie-Simulator. Auf die Scheiben im Cockpit werden Bilder projiziert, die nicht der Realität entsprechen, und es gibt immer noch zu viele Menschen, die diese Simulation nicht erkannt haben.

Nichts wäre erstrebenswerter, als über eine positive Entwicklung, hin zur Vernunft und realitätsbezogenen, auf Tatsachen beruhenden Entscheidungen, berichten zu können. Die Frage ist, ob nicht zuerst unentwegt auf Missstände hingewiesen werden muss, um weitere Menschen dazu zu bewegen, sich denjenigen anzuschließen, die offensichtlich an Indoktrinationsintoleranz leiden.

Wer sich vor Hofberichterstattung und die tägliche Fahrt durch die Gehirnwaschanlage schützen will, der meidet den öffentlich-rechtlichen Unfug und die einschlägigen Käseblätter, die vielleicht noch halbwegs dazu geeignet sind, den Fisch auf dem Markt einzuschlagen, um ihn nach Hause zu tragen, vorausgesetzt, man kann ihn sich noch leisten.

Die Neuen Medien liefern die Informationen, die man sonst im „Qualitäts-Mainstream“ nicht finden kann, was nicht verwundert, denn infiltriert von willigen Erfüllungsgehilfen, die Angst um ihr Prestige und ihre Stellung haben, kann man hier keine freie Berichterstattung erwarten.

Beste Unterhaltung bietet auch die Bundespressekonferenz-Show, auf die schon näher eingegangen wurde. Offizieller Regierungssprech in höchster Perfektion. Ob man dort wirklich davon überzeugt ist, dass es irgendjemanden gibt, der diesen Verlautbarungen Glauben schenkt? Was hat Tante Käthe immer gesagt: G E L D   L O C K T   I M M E R !

Was also tun? Die Neuen Medien auch noch meiden, und sich vor dem blanken Wahnsinn schützen, in dem man ihn ignoriert, was jedoch nicht bewirkt, dass er nicht mehr da wäre.

Temporäre Abstinenz tut auch hier gut, allerdings ist der Wiedereinstieg so ähnlich, wie der erste Arbeitstag nach einem zweimonatigen Urlaub, falls man nicht in seinem Lieblings-Job gelandet ist.

Und was, wenn die Irren vollends durchdrehen, und man bekommt es nicht mit? Schön, ändern kann man vielleicht wenig, aber man kann sich vielleicht noch eine richtig gute, edle Flasche Rotwein kaufen, und die am Vorabend des Untergangs genießen, oder noch schnell einen Baum pflanzen.

Hier ein Beispiel für jemanden, dessen besonderer Blick sehr an den Universal-Gesundheits-Klima-Hysteriker erinnert:

https\://rumble.com/v6umjdj-respekt-und-anerkennung-deutscher-general-lobt-ukrainische-angriffe-in-russ.html

Wie sieht der Alltag aus, wenn man sich einmal nicht mit den Informationen über Dauer- Bekloppte beschäftigt?

Wenn sich ein Besuch in der nächst größeren Stadt nicht vermeiden lässt, sieht man vor allem gehetzte Menschen, viele mit einem finsteren Blick, anders, als früher.

Viele zahlen mit Karte oder ihrem Handy, Kleckerbeträge. „Zahlen Sie noch bar, oder schon mit Überwachung?“, wünschte man sich, dass die Verkäuferinnen den Kunden fragen würden. Tun sie aber nicht.

Die Menschen scheinen keine Ahnung zu haben, was auf sie zukommt. Im Oktober soll der digitale Euro eingeführt werden, natürlich zuerst nur freiwillig. Was das bedeutet, kennt man ja schon. Freiwilligkeit durch das Schaffen eines Raumes, in dem der Zwang in der Luft hängt, wie damals der Kohlenstaub im Ruhrgebiet. Es wird die persönliche ID vorangetrieben, mit einem Wallet, das die Anonymität und die persönliche Freiheit immer mehr aushöhlen will.

Europa soll unter einen Demokratie-Schutzschirm gestellt werden, der zu nichts anderem dient, als dass diejenigen, die derzeit glauben zu wissen, was gut für die Menschen ist, ihre kruden Vorstellungen auch durchsetzen können. Zweifelhaft, was in den USA vorgeht, was da gerade mit Palantir, natürlich nur zur Sicherheit der Amerikaner, so im Hintergrund schon anläuft. Hierzu gibt es interessante Informationen von Regenauer und Tögel. Einziger Hoffnungsschimmer, besonders für Deutschland: Das klappt sowieso nicht. In den hintersten Bergdörfern in den italienischen Alpen gibt es Glasfaseranschluss, und fährt man in Deutschland auf’s Land, reiht sich Funkloch an Funkloch.

Die wirklich wichtige und große Frage ist, wie können sich Gemeinschaften, die diesen Irrsinn nicht mitmachen wollen, weitgehend aus dem System ausklinken? Bitcoin ist ein erster Schritt zur finanziellen Unabhängigkeit. Eine regionale Lebensmittelversorgung, mit nicht verseuchten, genunmanipulierten, mit Schadstoffen weitgehend unbelasteten Produkten entwickelt sich ebenfalls schon sehr gut. Was, wenn der Zugang zu Informationen über das Internet von einer Anmeldung mit persönlicher ID abhängt und man will und hat keine? Was ist mit Dokumenten, wenn man verreisen oder das Land verlassen will? Was ist, wenn man krank wird und auf das noch vorhandene Rest-Gesundheitssystem angewiesen ist? Was, wenn das Unternehmen seine Mitarbeiter auf staatliche Anweisung zu etwas zwingen muss, was der Mitarbeiter vielleicht gar nicht will, er aber auf das Einkommen angewiesen ist?

Das alles sind Fragen, zu denen es schwer ist, auch in den Neuen Medien, passende Antworten zu finden. Die würden in der Tat Hoffnung machen, dass es ein Schlupfloch gibt, sich, wenn vielleicht auch mit Einschränkungen, den „demokratischen“ Verhältnissen, auf denen nur noch Demokratie draufsteht, aber sehr wenig bis keine Demokratie mehr drin ist, so weit es geht zu entziehen. Sachdienliche Hinweise gerne in der Kommentarfunktion.

Oder ist es „gesünder“, sich zurückzuziehen, die Klappe zu halten und dafür zu sorgen, dass man unter dem Radar bleibt? Diese Gabe ist leider nicht jedem gegeben. Besonders nicht denen, die einen ausgeprägten Wahrheitssinn und ein starkes Gerechtigkeitsgefühl haben.

Menschen die andere belügen, die werden geliebt. Menschen, die anderen sagen, dass sie belogen werden, die werden gehasst.

„Die Wahrheit ist dem Menschen zumutbar.“ (Ingeborg Bachmann)

„Kein Mensch hat das Recht zu gehorchen.“ (Hannah Ahrendt)

“Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.”

* *

(Bild von pixabay)

@ f0fd6902:a2fbaaab

Barreleye fish are named for their unique, barrel-shaped eyes. These eyes can rotate, allowing the fish to look both upward and straight ahead. Their eyes also have bright green lenses protected behind a transparent forehead, which gives the fish a futuristic appearance, almost like a sci-fi submarine.

Barreleye fish grow to about 6 inches long and are found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, living at depths of 2,000 to 2,600 feet below the surface. The yellow pigment in their eyes helps them distinguish between the faint bioluminescent light produced by living organisms and sunlight. This makes it easier to spot the siphonophores and zooplankton that they eat.

https://stacker.news/items/1004367

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Pequenos problemas que o Estado cria para a sociedade e que não são sempre lembrados

- **vale-transporte**: transferir o custo com o transporte do funcionário para um terceiro o estimula a morar longe de onde trabalha, já que morar perto é normalmente mais caro e a economia com transporte é inexistente.
- **atestado médico**: o direito a faltar o trabalho com atestado médico cria a exigência desse atestado para todas as situações, substituindo o livre acordo entre patrão e empregado e sobrecarregando os médicos e postos de saúde com visitas desnecessárias de assalariados resfriados.
- **prisões**: com dinheiro mal-administrado, burocracia e péssima alocação de recursos -- problemas que empresas privadas em competição (ou mesmo sem qualquer competição) saberiam resolver muito melhor -- o Estado fica sem presídios, com os poucos existentes entupidos, muito acima de sua alocação máxima, e com isto, segundo a bizarra corrente de responsabilidades que culpa o juiz que condenou o criminoso por sua morte na cadeia, juízes deixam de condenar à prisão os bandidos, soltando-os na rua.
- **justiça**: entrar com processos é grátis e isto faz proliferar a atividade dos advogados que se dedicam a criar problemas judiciais onde não seria necessário e a entupir os tribunais, impedindo-os de fazer o que mais deveriam fazer.
- **justiça**: como a justiça só obedece às leis e ignora acordos pessoais, escritos ou não, as pessoas não fazem acordos, recorrem sempre à justiça estatal, e entopem-na de assuntos que seriam muito melhor resolvidos entre vizinhos.
- **leis civis**: as leis criadas pelos parlamentares ignoram os costumes da sociedade e são um incentivo a que as pessoas não respeitem nem criem normas sociais -- que seriam maneiras mais rápidas, baratas e satisfatórias de resolver problemas.
- **leis de trãnsito**: quanto mais leis de trânsito, mais serviço de fiscalização são delegados aos policiais, que deixam de combater crimes por isto (afinal de contas, eles não querem de fato arriscar suas vidas combatendo o crime, a fiscalização é uma excelente desculpa para se esquivarem a esta responsabilidade).
- **financiamento educacional**: é uma espécie de subsídio às faculdades privadas que faz com que se criem cursos e mais cursos que são cada vez menos recheados de algum conhecimento ou técnica útil e cada vez mais inúteis.
- **leis de tombamento**: são um incentivo a que o dono de qualquer área ou construção "histórica" destrua todo e qualquer vestígio de história que houver nele antes que as autoridades descubram, o que poderia não acontecer se ele pudesse, por exemplo, usar, mostrar e se beneficiar da história daquele local sem correr o risco de perder, de fato, a sua propriedade.
- **zoneamento urbano**: torna as cidades mais espalhadas, criando uma necessidade gigantesca de carros, ônibus e outros meios de transporte para as pessoas se locomoverem das zonas de moradia para as zonas de trabalho.
- **zoneamento urbano**: faz com que as pessoas percam horas no trânsito todos os dias, o que é, além de um desperdício, um atentado contra a sua saúde, que estaria muito melhor servida numa caminhada diária entre a casa e o trabalho.
- **zoneamento urbano**: torna ruas e as casas menos seguras criando zonas enormes, tanto de residências quanto de indústrias, onde não há movimento de gente alguma.
- **escola obrigatória + currículo escolar nacional**: emburrece todas as crianças.
- **leis contra trabalho infantil**: tira das crianças a oportunidade de aprender ofícios úteis e levar um dinheiro para ajudar a família.
- **licitações**: como não existem os critérios do mercado para decidir qual é o melhor prestador de serviço, criam-se comissões de pessoas que vão decidir coisas. isto incentiva os prestadores de serviço que estão concorrendo na licitação a tentar comprar os membros dessas comissões. isto, fora a corrupção, gera problemas reais: __(i)__ a escolha dos serviços acaba sendo a pior possível, já que a empresa prestadora que vence está claramente mais dedicada a comprar comissões do que a fazer um bom trabalho (este problema afeta tantas áreas, desde a construção de estradas até a qualidade da merenda escolar, que é impossível listar aqui); __(ii)__ o processo corruptor acaba, no longo prazo, eliminando as empresas que prestavam e deixando para competir apenas as corruptas, e a qualidade tende a piorar progressivamente.
- **cartéis**: o Estado em geral cria e depois fica refém de vários grupos de interesse. o caso dos taxistas contra o Uber é o que está na moda hoje (e o que mostra como os Estados se comportam da mesma forma no mundo todo).
- **multas**: quando algum indivíduo ou empresa comete uma fraude financeira, ou causa algum dano material involuntário, as vítimas do caso são as pessoas que sofreram o dano ou perderam dinheiro, mas o Estado tem sempre leis que prevêem multas para os responsáveis. A justiça estatal é sempre muito rígida e rápida na aplicação dessas multas, mas relapsa e vaga no que diz respeito à indenização das vítimas. O que em geral acontece é que o Estado aplica uma enorme multa ao responsável pelo mal, retirando deste os recursos que dispunha para indenizar as vítimas, e se retira do caso, deixando estas desamparadas.
- **desapropriação**: o Estado pode pegar qualquer propriedade de qualquer pessoa mediante uma indenização que é necessariamente inferior ao valor da propriedade para o seu presente dono (caso contrário ele a teria vendido voluntariamente).
- **seguro-desemprego**: se há, por exemplo, um prazo mínimo de 1 ano para o sujeito ter direito a receber seguro-desemprego, isto o incentiva a planejar ficar apenas 1 ano em cada emprego (ano este que será sucedido por um período de desemprego remunerado), matando todas as possibilidades de aprendizado ou aquisição de experiência naquela empresa específica ou ascensão hierárquica.
- **previdência**: a previdência social tem todos os defeitos de cálculo do mundo, e não importa muito ela ser uma forma horrível de poupar dinheiro, porque ela tem garantias bizarras de longevidade fornecidas pelo Estado, além de ser compulsória. Isso serve para criar no imaginário geral a idéia da __aposentadoria__, uma época mágica em que todos os dias serão finais de semana. A idéia da aposentadoria influencia o sujeito a não se preocupar em ter um emprego que faça sentido, mas sim em ter um trabalho qualquer, que o permita se aposentar.
- **regulamentação impossível**: milhares de coisas são proibidas, há regulamentações sobre os aspectos mais mínimos de cada empreendimento ou construção ou espaço. se todas essas regulamentações fossem exigidas não haveria condições de produção e todos morreriam. portanto, elas não são exigidas. porém, o Estado, ou um agente individual imbuído do poder estatal pode, se desejar, exigi-las todas de um cidadão inimigo seu. qualquer pessoa pode viver a vida inteira sem cumprir nem 10% das regulamentações estatais, mas viverá também todo esse tempo com medo de se tornar um alvo de sua exigência, num estado de terror psicológico.
- **perversão de critérios**: para muitas coisas sobre as quais a sociedade normalmente chegaria a um valor ou comportamento "razoável" espontaneamente, o Estado dita regras. estas regras muitas vezes não são obrigatórias, são mais "sugestões" ou limites, como o salário mínimo, ou as 44 horas semanais de trabalho. a sociedade, porém, passa a usar esses valores como se fossem o normal. são raras, por exemplo, as ofertas de emprego que fogem à regra das 44h semanais.
- **inflação**: subir os preços é difícil e constrangedor para as empresas, pedir aumento de salário é difícil e constrangedor para o funcionário. a inflação força as pessoas a fazer isso, mas o aumento não é automático, como alguns economistas podem pensar (enquanto alguns outros ficam muito satisfeitos de que esse processo seja demorado e difícil).
- **inflação**: a inflação destrói a capacidade das pessoas de julgar preços entre concorrentes usando a própria memória.
- **inflação**: a inflação destrói os cálculos de lucro/prejuízo das empresas e prejudica enormemente as decisões empresariais que seriam baseadas neles.
- **inflação**: a inflação redistribui a riqueza dos mais pobres e mais afastados do sistema financeiro para os mais ricos, os bancos e as megaempresas.
- **inflação**: a inflação estimula o endividamento e o consumismo.
- **lixo:** ao prover coleta e armazenamento de lixo "grátis para todos" o Estado incentiva a criação de lixo. se tivessem que pagar para que recolhessem o seu lixo, as pessoas (e conseqüentemente as empresas) se empenhariam mais em produzir coisas usando menos plástico, menos embalagens, menos sacolas.
- **leis contra crimes financeiros:** ao criar legislação para dificultar acesso ao sistema financeiro por parte de criminosos a dificuldade e os custos para acesso a esse mesmo sistema pelas pessoas de bem cresce absurdamente, levando a um percentual enorme de gente incapaz de usá-lo, para detrimento de todos -- e no final das contas os grandes criminosos ainda conseguem burlar tudo.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

bitcoind decentralization

It is better to have multiple curator teams, with different vetting processes and release schedules for bitcoind than a single one.

"More eyes on code", "Contribute to Core", "Everybody should audit the code".

All these points repeated again and again fell to Earth on the day it was discovered that Bitcoin Core developers merged a variable name change from "blacklist" to "blocklist" without even discussing or acknowledging the fact that that innocent pull request opened by a sybil account was a social attack.

After a big lot of people manifested their dissatisfaction with that event on Twitter and on GitHub, most Core developers simply ignored everybody's concerns or even personally attacked people who were complaining.

The event has shown that:

1) Bitcoin Core ultimately rests on the hands of a couple maintainers and they decide what goes on the GitHub repository[^pr-merged-very-quickly] and the binary releases that will be downloaded by thousands; 2) Bitcoin Core is susceptible to social attacks; 2) "More eyes on code" don't matter, as these extra eyes can be ignored and dismissed.

Solution: bitcoind decentralization

If usage was spread across 10 different bitcoind flavors, the network would be much more resistant to social attacks to a single team.

This has nothing to do with the question on if it is better to have multiple different Bitcoin node implementations or not, because here we're basically talking about the same software.

Multiple teams, each with their own release process, their own logo, some subtle changes, or perhaps no changes at all, just a different name for their bitcoind flavor, and that's it.

Every day or week or month or year, each flavor merges all changes from Bitcoin Core on their own fork. If there's anything suspicious or too leftist (or perhaps too rightist, in case there's a leftist bitcoind flavor), maybe they will spot it and not merge.

This way we keep the best of both worlds: all software development, bugfixes, improvements goes on Bitcoin Core, other flavors just copy. If there's some non-consensus change whose efficacy is debatable, one of the flavors will merge on their fork and test, and later others -- including Core -- can copy that too. Plus, we get resistant to attacks: in case there is an attack on Bitcoin Core, only 10% of the network would be compromised. the other flavors would be safe.

Run Bitcoin Knots

The first example of a bitcoind software that follows Bitcoin Core closely, adds some small changes, but has an independent vetting and release process is Bitcoin Knots, maintained by the incorruptible Luke DashJr.

Next time you decide to run bitcoind, run Bitcoin Knots instead and contribute to bitcoind decentralization!

---

See also:

• How to attack Bitcoin, Anthony Towns' take

[^pr-merged-very-quickly]: See PR 20624, for example, a very complicated change that could be introducing bugs or be a deliberate attack, merged in 3 days without time for discussion.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

The former seems to have found solid product market fit. Expect significant volume, adoption, and usage going forward.

The latter's future remains to be seen. Dependence on Tor, which has had massive reliability issues, and lack of strong privacy guarantees put it at risk.

— ODELL (@ODELL) October 27, 2022

The Basics

• Lightning is a protocol that enables cheap and fast native bitcoin transactions.
• At the core of the protocol is the ability for bitcoin users to create a payment channel with another user.
• These payment channels enable users to make many bitcoin transactions between each other with only two on-chain bitcoin transactions: the channel open transaction and the channel close transaction.
• Essentially lightning is a protocol for interoperable batched bitcoin transactions.
• It is expected that on chain bitcoin transaction fees will increase with adoption and the ability to easily batch transactions will save users significant money.
• As these lightning transactions are processed, liquidity flows from one side of a channel to the other side, on chain transactions are signed by both parties but not broadcasted to update this balance.
• Lightning is designed to be trust minimized, either party in a payment channel can close the channel at any time and their bitcoin will be settled on chain without trusting the other party.

There is no 'Lightning Network'

• Many people refer to the aggregate of all lightning channels as 'The Lightning Network' but this is a false premise.
• There are many lightning channels between many different users and funds can flow across interconnected channels as long as there is a route through peers.
• If a lightning transaction requires multiple hops it will flow through multiple interconnected channels, adjusting the balance of all channels along the route, and paying lightning transaction fees that are set by each node on the route.

Example: You have a channel with Bob. Bob has a channel with Charlie. You can pay Charlie through your channel with Bob and Bob's channel with User C.

• As a result, it is not guaranteed that every lightning user can pay every other lightning user, they must have a route of interconnected channels between sender and receiver.

Lightning in Practice

• Lightning has already found product market fit and usage as an interconnected payment protocol between large professional custodians.
• They are able to easily manage channels and liquidity between each other without trust using this interoperable protocol.
• Lightning payments between large custodians are fast and easy. End users do not have to run their own node or manage their channels and liquidity. These payments rarely fail due to professional management of custodial nodes.
• The tradeoff is one inherent to custodians and other trusted third parties. Custodial wallets can steal funds and compromise user privacy.

Sovereign Lightning

• Trusted third parties are security holes.
• Users must run their own node and manage their own channels in order to use lightning without trusting a third party. This remains the single largest friction point for sovereign lightning usage: the mental burden of actively running a lightning node and associated liquidity management.
• Bitcoin development prioritizes node accessibility so cost to self host your own node is low but if a node is run at home or office, Tor or a VPN is recommended to mask your IP address: otherwise it is visible to the entire network and represents a privacy risk.
• This privacy risk is heightened due to the potential for certain governments to go after sovereign lightning users and compel them to shutdown their nodes. If their IP Address is exposed they are easier to target.
• Fortunately the tools to run and manage nodes continue to get easier but it is important to understand that this will always be a friction point when compared to custodial services.

The Potential Fracture of Lightning

• Any lightning user can choose which users are allowed to open channels with them.
• One potential is that professional custodians only peer with other professional custodians.
• We already see nodes like those run by CashApp only have channels open with other regulated counterparties. This could be due to performance goals, liability reduction, or regulatory pressure.

• Fortunately some of their peers are connected to non-regulated parties so payments to and from sovereign lightning users are still successfully processed by CashApp but this may not always be the case going forward.

Summary

• Many people refer to the aggregate of all lightning channels as 'The Lightning Network' but this is a false premise. There is no singular 'Lightning Network' but rather many payment channels between distinct peers, some connected with each other and some not.
• Lightning as an interoperable payment protocol between professional custodians seems to have found solid product market fit. Expect significant volume, adoption, and usage going forward.
• Lightning as a robust sovereign payment protocol has yet to be battle tested. Heavy reliance on Tor, which has had massive reliability issues, the friction of active liquidity management, significant on chain fee burden for small amounts, interactivity constraints on mobile, and lack of strong privacy guarantees put it at risk.

---

If you have never used lightning before, use this guide to get started on your phone.

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ f0fd6902:a2fbaaab

https://stacker.news/items/1004357

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Drivechain

Understanding Drivechain requires a shift from the paradigm most bitcoiners are used to. It is not about "trustlessness" or "mathematical certainty", but game theory and incentives. (Well, Bitcoin in general is also that, but people prefer to ignore it and focus on some illusion of trustlessness provided by mathematics.)

Here we will describe the basic mechanism (simple) and incentives (complex) of "hashrate escrow" and how it enables a 2-way peg between the mainchain (Bitcoin) and various sidechains.

The full concept of "Drivechain" also involves blind merged mining (i.e., the sidechains mine themselves by publishing their block hashes to the mainchain without the miners having to run the sidechain software), but this is much easier to understand and can be accomplished either by the BIP-301 mechanism or by the Spacechains mechanism.

How does hashrate escrow work from the point of view of Bitcoin?

A new address type is created. Anything that goes in that is locked and can only be spent if all miners agree on the Withdrawal Transaction (WT^) that will spend it for 6 months. There is one of these special addresses for each sidechain.

To gather miners' agreement bitcoind keeps track of the "score" of all transactions that could possibly spend from that address. On every block mined, for each sidechain, the miner can use a portion of their coinbase to either increase the score of one WT^ by 1 while decreasing the score of all others by 1; or they can decrease the score of all WT^s by 1; or they can do nothing.

Once a transaction has gotten a score high enough, it is published and funds are effectively transferred from the sidechain to the withdrawing users.

If a timeout of 6 months passes and the score doesn't meet the threshold, that WT^ is discarded.

What does the above procedure mean?

It means that people can transfer coins from the mainchain to a sidechain by depositing to the special address. Then they can withdraw from the sidechain by making a special withdraw transaction in the sidechain.

The special transaction somehow freezes funds in the sidechain while a transaction that aggregates all withdrawals into a single mainchain WT^, which is then submitted to the mainchain miners so they can start voting on it and finally after some months it is published.

Now the crucial part: the validity of the WT^ is not verified by the Bitcoin mainchain rules, i.e., if Bob has requested a withdraw from the sidechain to his mainchain address, but someone publishes a wrong WT^ that instead takes Bob's funds and sends them to Alice's main address there is no way the mainchain will know that. What determines the "validity" of the WT^ is the miner vote score and only that. It is the job of miners to vote correctly -- and for that they may want to run the sidechain node in SPV mode so they can attest for the existence of a reference to the WT^ transaction in the sidechain blockchain (which then ensures it is ok) or do these checks by some other means.

What? 6 months to get my money back?

Yes. But no, in practice anyone who wants their money back will be able to use an atomic swap, submarine swap or other similar service to transfer funds from the sidechain to the mainchain and vice-versa. The long delayed withdraw costs would be incurred by few liquidity providers that would gain some small profit from it.

Why bother with this at all?

Drivechains solve many different problems:

It enables experimentation and new use cases for Bitcoin

Issued assets, fully private transactions, stateful blockchain contracts, turing-completeness, decentralized games, some "DeFi" aspects, prediction markets, futarchy, decentralized and yet meaningful human-readable names, big blocks with a ton of normal transactions on them, a chain optimized only for Lighting-style networks to be built on top of it.

These are some ideas that may have merit to them, but were never actually tried because they couldn't be tried with real Bitcoin or inferfacing with real bitcoins. They were either relegated to the shitcoin territory or to custodial solutions like Liquid or RSK that may have failed to gain network effect because of that.

It solves conflicts and infighting

Some people want fully private transactions in a UTXO model, others want "accounts" they can tie to their name and build reputation on top; some people want simple multisig solutions, others want complex code that reads a ton of variables; some people want to put all the transactions on a global chain in batches every 10 minutes, others want off-chain instant transactions backed by funds previously locked in channels; some want to spend, others want to just hold; some want to use blockchain technology to solve all the problems in the world, others just want to solve money.

With Drivechain-based sidechains all these groups can be happy simultaneously and don't fight. Meanwhile they will all be using the same money and contributing to each other's ecosystem even unwillingly, it's also easy and free for them to change their group affiliation later, which reduces cognitive dissonance.

It solves "scaling"

Multiple chains like the ones described above would certainly do a lot to accomodate many more transactions that the current Bitcoin chain can. One could have special Lightning Network chains, but even just big block chains or big-block-mimblewimble chains or whatnot could probably do a good job. Or even something less cool like 200 independent chains just like Bitcoin is today, no extra features (and you can call it "sharding"), just that would already multiply the current total capacity by 200.

Use your imagination.

It solves the blockchain security budget issue

The calculation is simple: you imagine what security budget is reasonable for each block in a world without block subsidy and divide that for the amount of bytes you can fit in a single block: that is the price to be paid in satoshis per byte. In reasonable estimative, the price necessary for every Bitcoin transaction goes to very large amounts, such that not only any day-to-day transaction has insanely prohibitive costs, but also Lightning channel opens and closes are impracticable.

So without a solution like Drivechain you'll be left with only one alternative: pushing Bitcoin usage to trusted services like Liquid and RSK or custodial Lightning wallets. With Drivechain, though, there could be thousands of transactions happening in sidechains and being all aggregated into a sidechain block that would then pay a very large fee to be published (via blind merged mining) to the mainchain. Bitcoin security guaranteed.

It keeps Bitcoin decentralized

Once we have sidechains to accomodate the normal transactions, the mainchain functionality can be reduced to be only a "hub" for the sidechains' comings and goings, and then the maximum block size for the mainchain can be reduced to, say, 100kb, which would make running a full node very very easy.

Can miners steal?

Yes. If a group of coordinated miners are able to secure the majority of the hashpower and keep their coordination for 6 months, they can publish a WT^ that takes the money from the sidechains and pays to themselves.

Will miners steal?

No, because the incentives are such that they won't.

Although it may look at first that stealing is an obvious strategy for miners as it is free money, there are many costs involved:

1. The cost of ceasing blind-merged mining returns -- as stealing will kill a sidechain, all the fees from it that miners would be expected to earn for the next years are gone;
2. The cost of Bitcoin price going down: If a steal is successful that will mean Drivechains are not safe, therefore Bitcoin is less useful, and miner credibility will also be hurt, which are likely to cause the Bitcoin price to go down, which in turn may kill the miners' businesses and savings;
3. The cost of coordination -- assuming miners are just normal businesses, they just want to do their work and get paid, but stealing from a Drivechain will require coordination with other miners to conduct an immoral act in a way that has many pitfalls and is likely to be broken over the months;
4. The cost of miners leaving your mining pool: when we talked about "miners" above we were actually talking about mining pools operators, so they must also consider the risk of miners migrating from their mining pool to others as they begin the process of stealing;
5. The cost of community goodwill -- when participating in a steal operation, a miner will suffer a ton of backlash from the community. Even if the attempt fails at the end, the fact that it was attempted will contribute to growing concerns over exaggerated miners power over the Bitcoin ecosystem, which may end up causing the community to agree on a hard-fork to change the mining algorithm in the future, or to do something to increase participation of more entities in the mining process (such as development or cheapment of new ASICs), which have a chance of decreasing the profits of current miners.

Another point to take in consideration is that one may be inclined to think a newly-created sidechain or a sidechain with relatively low usage may be more easily stolen from, since the blind merged mining returns from it (point 1 above) are going to be small -- but the fact is also that a sidechain with small usage will also have less money to be stolen from, and since the other costs besides 1 are less elastic at the end it will not be worth stealing from these too.

All of the above consideration are valid only if miners are stealing from good sidechains. If there is a sidechain that is doing things wrong, scamming people, not being used at all, or is full of bugs, for example, that will be perceived as a bad sidechain, and then miners can and will safely steal from it and kill it, which will be perceived as a good thing by everybody.

What do we do if miners steal?

Paul Sztorc has suggested in the past that a user-activated soft-fork could prevent miners from stealing, i.e., most Bitcoin users and nodes issue a rule similar to this one to invalidate the inclusion of a faulty WT^ and thus cause any miner that includes it in a block to be relegated to their own Bitcoin fork that other nodes won't accept.

This suggestion has made people think Drivechain is a sidechain solution backed by user-actived soft-forks for safety, which is very far from the truth. Drivechains must not and will not rely on this kind of soft-fork, although they are possible, as the coordination costs are too high and no one should ever expect these things to happen.

If even with all the incentives against them (see above) miners do still steal from a good sidechain that will mean the failure of the Drivechain experiment. It will very likely also mean the failure of the Bitcoin experiment too, as it will be proven that miners can coordinate to act maliciously over a prolonged period of time regardless of economic and social incentives, meaning they are probably in it just for attacking Bitcoin, backed by nation-states or something else, and therefore no Bitcoin transaction in the mainchain is to be expected to be safe ever again.

Why use this and not a full-blown trustless and open sidechain technology?

Because it is impossible.

If you ever heard someone saying "just use a sidechain", "do this in a sidechain" or anything like that, be aware that these people are either talking about "federated" sidechains (i.e., funds are kept in custody by a group of entities) or they are talking about Drivechain, or they are disillusioned and think it is possible to do sidechains in any other manner.

No, I mean a trustless 2-way peg with correctness of the withdrawals verified by the Bitcoin protocol!

That is not possible unless Bitcoin verifies all transactions that happen in all the sidechains, which would be akin to drastically increasing the blocksize and expanding the Bitcoin rules in tons of ways, i.e., a terrible idea that no one wants.

What about the Blockstream sidechains whitepaper?

Yes, that was a way to do it. The Drivechain hashrate escrow is a conceptually simpler way to achieve the same thing with improved incentives, less junk in the chain, more safety.

Isn't the hashrate escrow a very complex soft-fork?

Yes, but it is much simpler than SegWit. And, unlike SegWit, it doesn't force anything on users, i.e., it isn't a mandatory blocksize increase.

Why should we expect miners to care enough to participate in the voting mechanism?

Because it's in their own self-interest to do it, and it costs very little. Today over half of the miners mine RSK. It's not blind merged mining, it's a very convoluted process that requires them to run a RSK full node. For the Drivechain sidechains, an SPV node would be enough, or maybe just getting data from a block explorer API, so much much simpler.

What if I still don't like Drivechain even after reading this?

That is the entire point! You don't have to like it or use it as long as you're fine with other people using it. The hashrate escrow special addresses will not impact you at all, validation cost is minimal, and you get the benefit of people who want to use Drivechain migrating to their own sidechains and freeing up space for you in the mainchain. See also the point above about infighting.

See also

• Podcast episode with Ruben Somsen and Aaron van Wirdum explaining Drivechain
• Alternatives to Drivechain
• Drivechain comparison with Ethereum

@ 523a8281:fc94329a

In the dynamic and rapidly evolving blockchain industry over the past decade, Gerald Check has become one of the most influential investors in the Web3 space, thanks to his visionary foresight and a series of successful strategic moves. From his role as an executive at global leading exchanges like Binance and MEXC, he transitioned into becoming the founder of the top investment firm, GC Capital. Gerald Check's career trajectory is essentially the evolution of Web3 capital power.

From Platform Executive to Industry Evangelist

Gerald Check previously served as the Strategic Vice President at Binance and Global Market Director at MEXC. During his time at these platforms, he witnessed and participated in the entire process of crypto assets, from early speculative hype to their gradual shift toward real-world industrial applications. Starting in 2020, he began to focus more on Web3 infrastructure development and early-stage project incubation, believing that the next trillion-dollar opportunity would emerge at the intersection of "deep value and real-world application scenarios."

"I don’t want to be just a decision-maker on the platform, I want to be the force that drives the industry forward," Gerald Check said in an interview. Driven by this philosophy, GC Capital was born. Unlike traditional investment banks, GC Capital positions itself as a "strategically-driven partnership capital" firm: it not only provides funding but also participates in projects with its team, ecosystem resources, and operational capabilities, becoming a long-term co-builder. "Capital should not just focus on returns, it should empower the team," emphasized Gerald Check. In its two years of existence, GC Capital has invested in and incubated dozens of early-stage Web3 projects across sectors such as DeFi, GameFi, AI, and RWA, all of which have achieved impressive results. Driving Hit Projects: The "Talent Scout’s Eye" Behind the Scenes

Perhaps the most representative project is MetaMars. This metaverse ecosystem project, co-incubated by GC Capital and M3 DAO, has seen its token MARS increase by more than 35 times since its launch, with a monthly surge of up to 400%, making it a classic example of combining Web3 community operation and product. "We started getting involved before the concept was fully formed, not just investing money but working alongside the team to refine the economic model and optimize the launch rhythm," Gerald mentioned. Additionally, GC Capital invested in the decentralized AI cloud gaming platform DeepLink. The project integrates AI, blockchain, and streaming, and has been dubbed "Steam+Teamviewer of the Web3 Era." M3 DAO then formed a strategic partnership to co-build a Web3 gaming experience ecosystem. Projects like Voopay, LoserChick, and Rocket have also seen explosive growth with GC Capital's support, validating the team's ability to identify and accelerate early-stage projects. Co-building with M3 DAO: From Investor to Core Ecosystem Member Among all the collaborations, the deep partnership between GC Capital and M3 DAO stands out. Gerald himself entered the M3 DAO core team as a co-CEO, driving the upgrades of infrastructures like MarsVerse and MarsChain. The two parties also jointly promoted the $200 million Phuket RWA Resort Project, marking the first realization of the "Web3+Gaming+Tourism" industry fusion model, injecting digital vitality into physical assets. "We aim not only to invest in the future on-chain but also to reconstruct off-chain economic models," said Gerald Check. Gerald Check’s Future Vision: Long-Termism and Global Layout

Gerald is working to expand GC Capital’s international presence. In the next three years, GC will establish regional incubation centers in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Europe and launch the "Web3 Global Investors Academy" to create a support system that integrates technology, capital, and community. At the same time, he is also looking for the next generation of Web3 entrepreneurs who are persistent, understand users, and are willing to co-build. "Web3 is not a speculative game, but an opportunity to reconstruct the order. We are willing to go through the cycles with great teams," this is one of Gerald Check’s most frequently quoted phrases. In this era of accelerating change, Gerald Check and GC Capital are gradually becoming an important bridge connecting capital with industry, imagination with reality. GC Capital official website: https://gc.capital/

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

A violência é uma forma de comunicação

A violência é uma forma de comunicação: um serial killer, um pai que bate no filho, uma briga de torcidas, uma sessão de tortura, uma guerra, um assassinato passional, uma briga de bar. Em todos esses se pode enxergar uma mensagem que está tentando ser transmitida, que não foi compreendida pelo outro lado, que não pôde ser expressa, e, quando o transmissor da mensagem sentiu que não podia ser totalmente compreendido em palavras, usou essa outra forma de comunicação.

Quando uma ofensa em um bar descamba para uma briga, por exemplo, o que há é claramente uma tentativa de uma ofensa maior ainda pelo lado do que iniciou a primeira, a briga não teria acontecido se ele a tivesse conseguido expressar em palavras tão claras que toda a audiência de bêbados compreendesse, o que estaria além dos limites da linguagem, naquele caso, o soco com o mão direita foi mais eficiente. Poderia ser também a defesa argumentativa: "eu não sou um covarde como você está dizendo" -- mas o bar não acreditaria nessa frase solta, a comunicação não teria obtido o sucesso desejado.

A explicação para o fato da redução da violência à medida em que houve progresso da civilização está na melhora da eficiência da comunicação humana: a escrita, o refinamento da expressão lingüística, o aumento do alcance da palavra falada com rádio, a televisão e a internet.

Se essa eficiência diminuir, porque não há mais acordo quanto ao significado das palavras, porque as pessoas não estão nem aí para se o que escrevem é bom ou não, ou porque são incapazes de compreender qualquer coisa, deve aumentar proporcionalmente a violência.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Problemas com Russell Kirk

A idéia central da “política da prudência[^1]” de Russell Kirk me parece muito correta, embora tenha sido melhor formulada pior no seu enorme livro do que em uma pequena frase do joanadarquista Lucas Souza: “o conservadorismo é importante, porque tem muita gente com idéia errada por aí, e nós podemos não saber distingüi-las”.

Porém, há alguns problemas que precisam ser esclarecidos, ou melhor explicados, e que me impedem de enxergar os seus argumentos como refutação final do meu já tão humilde (embora feroz) anarquismo. São eles:

I Percebo alguma coisa errada, não sei bem onde, entre a afirmação de que toda ideologia é ruim, ou “todas as ideologias causam confusão[^2]”, e a proposta conservadora de “conservar o mundo da ordem que herdamos, ainda que em estado imperfeito, de nossos ancestrais[^3]”. Ora, sem precisar cair em exemplos como o do partido conservador inglês -- que conservava a política inglesa sempre onde estava, e se alternava no governo com o partido trabalhista, que a levava cada vez mais um pouco à esquerda --, está embutida nessa frase, talvez, a idéia, que ao mesmo tempo é clara e ferrenhamente combatida pelos próprios conservadores, de que a história é da humanidade é uma história de progresso linear rumo a uma situação melhor.

Querer conservar o mundo da ordem que herdamos significa conservar também os vários erros que podem ter sido cometidos pelos nossos ancestrais mais recentes, e conservá-los mesmo assim, acusando toda e qualquer tentativa de propôr soluções a esses erros de ideologia? Ou será que conservar o mundo da ordem é escolher um período determinado que seja tido como o auge da história humana e tentar restaurá-lo em nosso próprio tempo? Não seria isto ideologia?

Ou, ainda, será que conservar o mundo da ordem é selecionar, entre vários períodos do passado, alguns pedaços que o conservador considerar ótimos em cada sociedade, fazer dali uma mistura de sociedade ideal baseada no passado e então tentar implementá-la? Quem saberia dizer quais são as partes certas?

II Sobre a questão do que mantém a sociedade civil coesa, Russell Kirk, opondo-a à posição libertária de que o nexo da sociedade é o autointeresse, declara que a posição conservadora é a de que “a sociedade é uma comunidade de almas, que une os mortos, os vivos e os ainda não nascidos, e que se harmoniza por aquilo que Aristóteles chamou de amizade e os cristãos chamam de caridade ou amor ao próximo”.

Esta é uma posição muito correta, mas me parece estar em contradição com a defesa do Estado que ele faz na mesma página e na seguinte. O que me parece errado é que a sociedade não pode ser, ao mesmo tempo, uma “comunidade baseada no amor ao próximo” e uma comunidade que “requer não somente que as paixões dos indivíduos sejam subjugadas, mas que, mesmo no povo e no corpo social, bem como nos indivíduos, as inclinações dos homens, amiúde, devam ser frustradas, a vontade controlada e as paixões subjugadas” e, pior, que “isso somente pode ser feito por um poder exterior”.

Disto aí podemos tirar que, da mesma forma que Kirk define a posição libertária como sendo a de que o autointeresse é que mantém a sociedade civil coesa, a posição conservadora seria então a de que essa coesão vem apenas do Estado, e não de qualquer ligação entre vivos e mortos, ou do amor ao próximo. Já que, sem o Estado, diz, ele, citando Thomas Hobbes, a condição do homem é “solitária, pobre, sórdida, embrutecida e curta”?

[^1]: este é o nome do livro e também um outro nome que ele dá para o próprio conservadorismo (p.99). [^2]: p. 101 [^3]: p. 102

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

A command line utility to create and manage personal graphs, then write them to dot and make images with graphviz.

It manages a bunch of YAML files, one for each entity in the graph. Each file lists the incoming and outgoing links it has (could have listen only the outgoing, now that I'm tihnking about it).

Each run of the tool lets you select from existing nodes or add new ones to generate a single link type from one to one, one to many, many to one or many to many -- then updates the YAML files accordingly.

It also includes a command that generates graphs with graphviz, and it can accept a template file that lets you customize the dot that is generated and thus the graphviz graph.

rel

• https://github.com/fiatjaf/rel

@ 523a8281:fc94329a

MetaMars has rapidly established itself as a standout project in the 2025 cryptocurrency market, with its $MARS token soaring over 3000%, driven by a visionary Mars-themed metaverse narrative, sophisticated tokenomics, a strong community, and strategic KOL partnerships led by M3 DAO. This momentum has now expanded into the Japanese market following successes in India, Russia, Vietnam, Turkey, and Germany, where top influencers with million-strong followings in cryptocurrency, technology, and finance have joined MetaMars’ “Builders Alliance.” Their expert insights and dynamic multi-platform promotional efforts have injected unparalleled energy into the MetaMars ecosystem, fueling explosive growth and deep community engagement. Celebrated as “The Web3 Metaverse of the Future,” this campaign has already surpassed 200,000 views, underscoring its powerful resonance and expanding influence.

The Strategic Decision to Enter Japan: A Market Analysis Japan’s cryptocurrency and metaverse landscape presents a unique opportunity. Crypto adoption has surged to 34% of the population in 2025, with over 15 million active users, making Japan a top-five global market by daily trading volume. Major exchanges like Bitflyer and Coincheck handle over $1.2 billion weekly, supported by clear regulations such as the Payment Services Act and FSA-approved frameworks that ensure stability for users and investors.

The metaverse sector is equally promising, projected to reach ¥16 trillion ($110 billion) by 2026. According to a 2025 Dentsu Research report, 62% of Japanese crypto holders are interested in metaverse projects, especially virtual land, NFTs, and blockchain gaming. This cultural affinity, combined with a tech-savvy population, creates an ideal environment for MetaMars’ Mars-themed universe.

From Grassroots to Grand Scale: The Catalyst for Mass Promotion While MetaMars began community building in Japan in 2024, the current phase marks a strategic pivot toward large-scale promotion designed to empower the local ecosystem—an effort undertaken closely with M3 DAO. This collaboration focuses on deepening community engagement through multifaceted support: educational programs, mentorship from local thought leaders, localized learning resources, and KOL-led offline events. M3 DAO’s expertise in DAO governance and community operations complements MetaMars’ metaverse infrastructure, creating synergy that fuels sustained growth.

This approach prioritizes organic development over mere expansion. Weekly Web3 education sessions in Japanese, hosted by M3 DAO’s regional ambassadors, guide users through blockchain fundamentals and $MARS token utilities. Local leaders—curated from early adopters and industry veterans—offer one-on-one mentorship, while a comprehensive library of video tutorials, infographics, and case studies (translated by native speakers) ensures accessible knowledge. KOLs play the role of "ecological architects" here, participating in the planning of local Tokyo metaverse workshops, NFT creation challenges and other activities, with their influence covering content creation, community operation and even the formulation of ecological development roadmaps.

Conclusion: Embracing the Japanese Cultural Metaverse Revolution As MetaMars deepens its roots in Japan, the project embarks on a transformative journey that fuses cultural heritage with cutting-edge metaverse technology. In collaboration with M3 DAO, the initiative focuses on crafting immersive experiences that resonate locally—from anime-inspired NFT collections co-created with Japanese gaming studios to digital renditions of cultural landmarks, where KOLs and community members serve as digital guides and content architects. These collaborations extend beyond aesthetics: Japanese KOLs involved in the MetaMars DAO lead beta testing for new features, ensuring technological advancements—from blockchain governance tools to payment integrations—align with user needs.

In the coming months, KOLs will spearhead "metaverse labs," inviting fans to co-design virtual festivals, traditional art exhibitions, and interactive storytelling experiences within the Mars ecosystem. Leveraging M3 DAO’s community-building expertise and local KOLs’ cultural translation capabilities, MetaMars aims not only to expand its user base but to nurture a metaverse ecosystem where Japanese digital culture thrives. This serves as a pivot to pave the way for similar initiatives in markets like South Korea and Taiwan. The Martian landscape is evolving into a vibrant canvas for cultural innovation, inviting every user, KOL, and creator to become both planners and builders of this new digital frontier.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

GraphQL vs REST

Today I saw this: https://github.com/stickfigure/blog/wiki/How-to-(and-how-not-to)-design-REST-APIs

And it reminded me why GraphQL is so much better.

It has also reminded me why HTTP is so confusing and awful as a protocol, especially as a protocol for structured data APIs, with all its status codes and headers and bodies and querystrings and content-types -- but let's not talk about that for now.

People complain about GraphQL being great for frontend developers and bad for backend developers, but I don't know who are these people that apparently love reading guides like the one above of how to properly construct ad-hoc path routers, decide how to properly build the JSON, what to include and in which circumstance, what status codes and headers to use, all without having any idea of what the frontend or the API consumer will want to do with their data.

It is a much less stressful environment that one in which we can just actually perform the task and fit the data in a preexistent schema with types and a structure that we don't have to decide again and again while anticipating with very incomplete knowledge the usage of an extraneous person -- i.e., an environment with GraphQL, or something like GraphQL.

By the way, I know there are some people that say that these HTTP JSON APIs are not the real REST, but that is irrelevant for now.

@ 8bf578f4:b6303c41

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has long been a subject of fascination and debate among researchers and enthusiasts alike. One of the most intriguing aspects of AI is its potential to surpass human capabilities in specific tasks. When an AI system's output for a given task becomes better than that of a comparable human specialist, it marks a significant milestone known as the accelerative growth starting point. This threshold signifies more than just a technological achievement; it represents a fundamental shift in how we perceive and utilize intelligence. At this juncture, the AI's ability to outperform humans in specific domains triggers an exponential growth phase. This is because AI systems can process vast amounts of data and identify patterns that humans might miss, leading to continuous improvement. For those using local AI models and open-source tools on Linux environments, this means leveraging frameworks like TensorFlow or PyTorch to train and deploy models that can achieve state-of-the-art performance in various tasks.

The concept of exponential growth in AI can be illustrated through mathematical models. For instance, consider a simple model where the performance improvement of an AI system follows a power law: P(t) = t^k, where P(t) is the performance at time t, and k is a constant that determines the rate of improvement. As t increases, the growth in performance accelerates rapidly. This exponential growth is particularly relevant for decentralized technologies and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, such as those enabled by protocols like Nostr. In these environments, AI models can be distributed across multiple nodes, allowing for collaborative training and inference. This decentralization not only enhances robustness but also enables scalable and efficient use of computational resources.

One of the key drivers of this exponential growth is the AI's ability to design new systems faster and better than humans. This self-improvement loop is often referred to as recursive self-improvement (RSI). In RSI, an AI system not only performs tasks but also optimizes its own algorithms and architectures. This iterative process allows the AI to continually enhance its capabilities, leading to a feedback loop where each iteration results in more significant improvements than the last. For users of local AI models, this means continuously updating and refining models to take advantage of the latest advancements in machine learning techniques. Tools like Docker can be used to containerize AI applications, ensuring consistency across different environments and facilitating easy deployment on decentralized networks.

The implications of this exponential growth are profound, particularly for those working with open-source tools and local AI models. As AI systems become increasingly capable, they will likely outpace human intelligence in an ever-expanding range of domains. This raises important technical challenges, such as ensuring that AI systems can handle the complexity and scale of decentralized data. For instance, federated learning allows multiple nodes to train a model collaboratively without exchanging raw data, preserving privacy while leveraging distributed computational power. Implementing federated learning in P2P networks can enhance the security and efficiency of AI applications.

Moreover, the exponential growth of AI has significant technical implications for industries that can leverage AI to enhance productivity and innovation. For example, in fields like natural language processing (NLP), AI models can be trained on decentralized datasets using tools like Hugging Face's Transformers library. This allows for the development of advanced language models that can understand and generate human-like text. Similarly, in computer vision, distributed training frameworks can be used to develop models that can analyze and interpret visual data more accurately than ever before.

Another critical aspect is the potential for AI to augment human capabilities rather than replace them entirely. In many fields, AI can serve as a powerful tool that enhances human decision-making and creativity. For example, in healthcare, AI algorithms can assist doctors in diagnosing diseases more accurately by analyzing medical images and patient data. This collaborative approach leverages the strengths of both humans and machines. For users of local AI models, this means integrating AI tools into existing workflows to enhance productivity and innovation.

However, achieving this harmonious integration requires addressing several technical challenges. One such challenge is ensuring that AI systems are transparent and interpretable. Black-box models, while often highly accurate, can be difficult to understand and trust. Developing explainable AI (XAI) techniques that provide insights into how these models make decisions is crucial for building trust and acceptance. For those using open-source tools, libraries like LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) can be invaluable in making AI models more interpretable.

Additionally, the technical considerations surrounding AI's exponential growth are vast. As AI systems become more autonomous and capable, they will increasingly make decisions that affect various aspects of technology and society. Ensuring that these decisions are fair, unbiased, and aligned with technological goals is a complex but essential task. This involves not only technical solutions but also robust frameworks for deploying and managing AI models in decentralized environments.

In conclusion, the accelerative growth starting point in AI marks a pivotal moment in technological evolution. From this point onwards, the exponential growth of intelligence will reshape industries, economies, and societies. Machine learning experts must be at the forefront of navigating these changes, ensuring that AI's potential is harnessed responsibly and effectively. The future of AI holds immense promise, but it also demands vigilance and foresight to address the challenges that lie ahead. For those using local AI models, open-source tools, and Linux environments, this means staying at the cutting edge of technological advancements and leveraging decentralized technologies like Nostr to build robust and scalable AI applications.

By Alex TechSmith, Machine Learning Engineer

@ 4fe14ef2:f51992ec

Howdy Stackers,

Leave a comment below to share your hustles and wins. Let us know what you've sold this week. Have you sold it for bitcoin, sats or zaps? It doesn't matter how big or small your item is, solid or digital, product or service.

Just share below what you’ve listed, swapped, and sold. Let everyone rave on your latest deals!

Like and repost ^1:

https://stacker.news/items/1004320

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

nostr - Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays

The simplest open protocol that is able to create a censorship-resistant global "social" network once and for all.

It doesn't rely on any trusted central server, hence it is resilient; it is based on cryptographic keys and signatures, so it is tamperproof; it does not rely on P2P techniques, therefore it works.

Very short summary of how it works, if you don't plan to read anything else:

Everybody runs a client. It can be a native client, a web client, etc. To publish something, you write a post, sign it with your key and send it to multiple relays (servers hosted by someone else, or yourself). To get updates from other people, you ask multiple relays if they know anything about these other people. Anyone can run a relay. A relay is very simple and dumb. It does nothing besides accepting posts from some people and forwarding to others. Relays don't have to be trusted. Signatures are verified on the client side.

This is needed because other solutions are broken:

The problem with Twitter

• Twitter has ads;
• Twitter uses bizarre techniques to keep you addicted;
• Twitter doesn't show an actual historical feed from people you follow;
• Twitter bans people;
• Twitter shadowbans people.
• Twitter has a lot of spam.

The problem with Mastodon and similar programs

• User identities are attached to domain names controlled by third-parties;
• Server owners can ban you, just like Twitter; Server owners can also block other servers;
• Migration between servers is an afterthought and can only be accomplished if servers cooperate. It doesn't work in an adversarial environment (all followers are lost);
• There are no clear incentives to run servers, therefore they tend to be run by enthusiasts and people who want to have their name attached to a cool domain. Then, users are subject to the despotism of a single person, which is often worse than that of a big company like Twitter, and they can't migrate out;
• Since servers tend to be run amateurishly, they are often abandoned after a while — which is effectively the same as banning everybody;
• It doesn't make sense to have a ton of servers if updates from every server will have to be painfully pushed (and saved!) to a ton of other servers. This point is exacerbated by the fact that servers tend to exist in huge numbers, therefore more data has to be passed to more places more often;
• For the specific example of video sharing, ActivityPub enthusiasts realized it would be completely impossible to transmit video from server to server the way text notes are, so they decided to keep the video hosted only from the single instance where it was posted to, which is similar to the Nostr approach.

The problem with SSB (Secure Scuttlebutt)

• It doesn't have many problems. I think it's great. In fact, I was going to use it as a basis for this, but
• its protocol is too complicated because it wasn't thought about being an open protocol at all. It was just written in JavaScript in probably a quick way to solve a specific problem and grew from that, therefore it has weird and unnecessary quirks like signing a JSON string which must strictly follow the rules of ECMA-262 6th Edition;
• It insists on having a chain of updates from a single user, which feels unnecessary to me and something that adds bloat and rigidity to the thing — each server/user needs to store all the chain of posts to be sure the new one is valid. Why? (Maybe they have a good reason);
• It is not as simple as Nostr, as it was primarily made for P2P syncing, with "pubs" being an afterthought;
• Still, it may be worth considering using SSB instead of this custom protocol and just adapting it to the client-relay server model, because reusing a standard is always better than trying to get people in a new one.

The problem with other solutions that require everybody to run their own server

• They require everybody to run their own server;
• Sometimes people can still be censored in these because domain names can be censored.

How does Nostr work?

• There are two components: clients and relays. Each user runs a client. Anyone can run a relay.
• Every user is identified by a public key. Every post is signed. Every client validates these signatures.
• Clients fetch data from relays of their choice and publish data to other relays of their choice. A relay doesn't talk to another relay, only directly to users.
• For example, to "follow" someone a user just instructs their client to query the relays it knows for posts from that public key.
• On startup, a client queries data from all relays it knows for all users it follows (for example, all updates from the last day), then displays that data to the user chronologically.
• A "post" can contain any kind of structured data, but the most used ones are going to find their way into the standard so all clients and relays can handle them seamlessly.

How does it solve the problems the networks above can't?

• Users getting banned and servers being closed
• A relay can block a user from publishing anything there, but that has no effect on them as they can still publish to other relays. Since users are identified by a public key, they don't lose their identities and their follower base when they get banned.
• Instead of requiring users to manually type new relay addresses (although this should also be supported), whenever someone you're following posts a server recommendation, the client should automatically add that to the list of relays it will query.
• If someone is using a relay to publish their data but wants to migrate to another one, they can publish a server recommendation to that previous relay and go;
• If someone gets banned from many relays such that they can't get their server recommendations broadcasted, they may still let some close friends know through other means with which relay they are publishing now. Then, these close friends can publish server recommendations to that new server, and slowly, the old follower base of the banned user will begin finding their posts again from the new relay.

• All of the above is valid too for when a relay ceases its operations.

• Censorship-resistance

• Each user can publish their updates to any number of relays.

• A relay can charge a fee (the negotiation of that fee is outside of the protocol for now) from users to publish there, which ensures censorship-resistance (there will always be some Russian server willing to take your money in exchange for serving your posts).

• Spam

• If spam is a concern for a relay, it can require payment for publication or some other form of authentication, such as an email address or phone, and associate these internally with a pubkey that then gets to publish to that relay — or other anti-spam techniques, like hashcash or captchas. If a relay is being used as a spam vector, it can easily be unlisted by clients, which can continue to fetch updates from other relays.

• Data storage

• For the network to stay healthy, there is no need for hundreds of active relays. In fact, it can work just fine with just a handful, given the fact that new relays can be created and spread through the network easily in case the existing relays start misbehaving. Therefore, the amount of data storage required, in general, is relatively less than Mastodon or similar software.

• Or considering a different outcome: one in which there exist hundreds of niche relays run by amateurs, each relaying updates from a small group of users. The architecture scales just as well: data is sent from users to a single server, and from that server directly to the users who will consume that. It doesn't have to be stored by anyone else. In this situation, it is not a big burden for any single server to process updates from others, and having amateur servers is not a problem.

• Video and other heavy content

• It's easy for a relay to reject large content, or to charge for accepting and hosting large content. When information and incentives are clear, it's easy for the market forces to solve the problem.

• Techniques to trick the user

• Each client can decide how to best show posts to users, so there is always the option of just consuming what you want in the manner you want — from using an AI to decide the order of the updates you'll see to just reading them in chronological order.

FAQ

• This is very simple. Why hasn't anyone done it before?

I don't know, but I imagine it has to do with the fact that people making social networks are either companies wanting to make money or P2P activists who want to make a thing completely without servers. They both fail to see the specific mix of both worlds that Nostr uses.

• How do I find people to follow?

First, you must know them and get their public key somehow, either by asking or by seeing it referenced somewhere. Once you're inside a Nostr social network you'll be able to see them interacting with other people and then you can also start following and interacting with these others.

• How do I find relays? What happens if I'm not connected to the same relays someone else is?

You won't be able to communicate with that person. But there are hints on events that can be used so that your client software (or you, manually) knows how to connect to the other person's relay and interact with them. There are other ideas on how to solve this too in the future but we can't ever promise perfect reachability, no protocol can.

• Can I know how many people are following me?

No, but you can get some estimates if relays cooperate in an extra-protocol way.

• What incentive is there for people to run relays?

The question is misleading. It assumes that relays are free dumb pipes that exist such that people can move data around through them. In this case yes, the incentives would not exist. This in fact could be said of DHT nodes in all other p2p network stacks: what incentive is there for people to run DHT nodes?

• Nostr enables you to move between server relays or use multiple relays but if these relays are just on AWS or Azure what’s the difference?

There are literally thousands of VPS providers scattered all around the globe today, there is not only AWS or Azure. AWS or Azure are exactly the providers used by single centralized service providers that need a lot of scale, and even then not just these two. For smaller relay servers any VPS will do the job very well.

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Highlights Day 2 - Lexus Trestles Pro Presented by Outerknown 2025:

https://yewtu.be/watch?v=b7qhWvPpMCY

Full Day 2 - Lexus Trestles Pro Presented by Outerknown 2025:

https://yewtu.be/watch?v=uxwWJTCWW1Y

Results Women (Round 16 & Quarter Final) and Men (Round 16)

Source: https://www.worldsurfleague.com/posts/538099/its-on-finals-day-of-the-trestles-pro?roundId=24857&statEventId=4784

https://stacker.news/items/1004308

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Wir können davon ausgehen, dass die allermeisten Personen, die das hier lesen, die realen Funktionen der Mainstream-Medien schon länger erkannt haben. Diese bestehen vor allem darin, der Bevölkerung das von den herrschenden Kräften gewünschte Bild der Wirklichkeit zu vermitteln oder überhaupt zu erzeugen. Der Altmeister der Propaganda, Edward Bernays, hat dies bereits 1928 beschrieben, als die Massenmedien nur aus Tageszeitungen bestanden:

«Die bewusste und intelligente Manipulation der organisierten Gewohnheiten und Meinungen der Massen ist ein wichtiges Element einer demokratischen Gesellschaft.»

Und an anderer Stelle: «Diejenigen, die diesen unsichtbaren Mechanismus der Gesellschaft manipulieren, bilden eine unsichtbare Regierung, die die wahre herrschende Macht unseres Landes ist.» Oder Noam Chomsky, einer der gelehrtesten Kritiker staatlicher Machtausübung:

«Indoktrination ist keineswegs inkompatibel mit der Demokratie. Vielmehr ihre Essenz. Ohne Knüppel, ohne Kontrolle durch Gewalt muss man das Denken kontrollieren. Dazu greift man zu dem, was in ehrlicheren Zeiten Propaganda genannt wurde.»

Man könnte noch eine ganze Reihe weiterer höchst aussagekräftiger Zitate anführen, von Walter Lippman («Die öffentliche Meinung»), Gustave Le Bon («Psychologie der Massen») bis hin zu John F. Kennedy oder ganz aktuell Mattias Desmet («Massenbildung»). Nichts davon ist neu, alles wurde seit Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts ausführlich und sehr konkret beschrieben.

Und doch kennt die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung keine einzige dieser Aussagen.

Jeder, der selbst seinen ureigenen Erkenntnisprozess durchgemacht hat, kommt unweigerlich zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Welt, wie sie uns durch Politik und Medien vorgespielt wird, zumeist nichts anderes ist als ein großes Schauspiel. Stets werden die wahren Absichten und Ziele verborgen, nie wird die ganze Wahrheit enthüllt, höchstens ein paar Stücke davon, wenn es sich gar nicht mehr verhindern lässt.

«Macht hat derjenige, der große Ereignisse herbeiführen kann. Doch noch größere Macht haben diejenigen, die bestimmen können, was die Menschen über die Ereignisse denken» (aus: «Hinter der Zukunft»).

Diese Erkenntnis hat bei vielen zu dem Entschluss geführt, die «Unwissenden» über diese Tatsachen zu informieren. Denn es kann ja nicht sein, dass sich Familie, Freunde, Bekannte weiterhin so täuschen lassen. Die große Ent-Täuschung war das Ziel. Doch das Ergebnis war die eigentliche Enttäuschung: hitzige Diskussionen, Streitereien am Familientisch, Abbruch von Freundschaften. Selbst das Vorführen des Einsturzes von WTC 7, dem dritten Gebäude, das am 11. September 2001 in Fallgeschwindigkeit vollkommen symmetrisch eingestürzt war, konnte nicht überzeugen.

Verschwörungstheorien?

Alles Verschwörungstheorien. Seit der Ermordung John F. Kennedys hat dieser Begriff – ursprünglich von der CIA eingeführt — ein immer größeres Minenfeld wachsen lassen, um Themen von offener Diskussion abzuschirmen. In diesem Minenfeld sind unzählige Freundschaften explodiert, Karrieren abgestürzt und Menschen in die innere Isolation getrieben worden. Deshalb muss es hier erwähnt werden. Denn das ist die Gefahr, in die sich jeder begibt, der versucht, über seine Erkenntnisse zu sprechen oder zu schreiben. Die Gefahr des sozialen Ausschlusses. Ein schauerliches Beispiel lieferte Anfang Mai in menschenverachtender Weise ein gewisser Böhmermann ab. Sein Ziel war es, den Betreiber des youtube-Kanals Clownswelt, der die Machenschaften des medialen und politischen Personals satirisch zum Vorschein bringt, gesellschaftlich zu vernichten. Denn das ist das Damoklesschwert, das über denjenigen hängt, die das Minenfeld betreten, Tabus antasten und das Overton-window verlassen. Diffamierung, sozialer Ausschluss, Job-Verlust. Reicht auch das nicht, so droht die Kündigung des Bankkontos oder gar eine Hausdurchsuchung. Alles hundertfach geschehen. Und der Normalbürger hat absolut keine Idee, dass so etwas überhaupt in unserem Staat geschieht. Denn es kommt nicht in der Tagesschau, im Spiegel oder der SZ.

Ratlosigkeit, Verzweiflung bis hin zu Aggression sind oft die Folge dieser weltanschaulichen Zweiteilung. Wie ist es möglich, dass Menschen das Offensichtliche nicht sehen, selbst wenn es im Video vor ihnen abläuft? Wenn man sich die Lügenkonstrukte um Klima, Corona oder Ukraine ansieht, dann könnte man daran verzweifeln, dass es die «Anderen» nicht begreifen. Wenn die Dinge derart klar zu sehen sind, wieso gelingt es dann nicht, andere davon zu überzeugen? Nicht wenige zogen sich zurück, recherchierten noch ausführlicher, fanden einen Hinweis nach dem anderen, dass die Welt und ihre Systeme ganz anders beschaffen sind, als es dem Normalbürger vorgegaukelt wird. Dabei musste jeder – wirklich jeder – für sich immer neu die Grenze dessen finden, was noch glaubhaft war und was nicht.

Wie viele Stunden, Tage, Monate verbrachte (und verbringt) ein durch diesen Prozess gegangener Mensch mit seinen Recherchen? Wie oft ist er in die Falle einer Theorie geraten, die sich im Nachhinein als erfunden herausgestellt hat? Wie viele Texte zu historischen Vorgängen, zu verborgenen Organisationen, zu Kindesmissbrauch, satanischen Riten oder Blutlinien wollen noch erforscht werden? Wann ist man zufrieden mit den teils radikalen Anpassungen seines eigenen Weltbildes? Wann darf man sich als «aufgewacht» bezeichnen?

Wie gelingt Verständigung?

Wenn ein Elektrotechnik Ingenieur einem Laien die Regelungstechnik erklärt, so wird er kaum auf großes Verständnis stoßen. Wenn ein «Master in Conspiracy Theory» einem Tagesschauseher die Welt erklärt, wie wahrscheinlich ist es, dass hier Verständnis entsteht? Wenn jemand, der in 30 telegram Kanälen ca. 500 Artikel zu Covid-Ursprung, mRNA, Lipidnanopartikel und Ct-Wert beim PCR Test gelesen hat, der Verkäuferin bei REWE klarmachen will, dass Masken keinen Nutzen haben: wie hoch ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass er Erfolg hat? Diese Beispiele sollen eines verdeutlichen: die Informationshintergründe sind inzwischen derart fundamental verschieden, dass kaum noch Verständigung gelingt. Der entscheidende Unterschied besteht darin, dass die Informationskompetenten beide Seiten der Medaille kennen, während der andere Teil der Bevölkerung nur die eine, die «offizielle» Seite kennt.

Was aber bewegt Menschen überhaupt dazu, immer tiefer zu recherchieren, um dabei das eigene Weltbild gezielt zu erweitern und anzupassen? Es ist – neben dem Wunsch nach mehr Gerechtigkeit – das Bedürfnis nach Sinnfindung in dieser Welt. Ein elementares Bedürfnis, das in der Rangliste unserer Motive sehr weit oben steht. Hierbei geht es nicht um den Lebenssinn – dazu kommen wir gleich – sondern um das Verständnis dessen, was uns als die «äußere Welt» präsentiert wird. Mit all ihren Verwerfungen, Ungerechtigkeiten, politischen Ideologien und so weiter. Denn es ist schließlich diese Welt, in der wir leben, in der wir uns zurechtfinden, in der wir unseren Lebensunterhalt verdienen müssen. Die spannende Frage ist also eher: Weshalb geben sich so viele mit der Oberfläche zufrieden?

Die Antwort ist erstaunlich einfach: aus Angst. Angst davor, das bisher als sicher geglaubte in Frage stellen zu müssen, den sicheren Boden des eigenen Weltbildes unter den Füßen zu verlieren. Deshalb stieg in den dunklen Covid-Jahren das Vertrauen in Politik und staatsnahe Medien massiv an. Denn wer mit einer – scheinbar – tödlichen Gefahr konfrontiert wird, der sucht in diesem Moment nicht nach neuen Informationsquellen, sondern bleibt bei dem, was man schon immer kannte – vor allem, wenn das auch die Mehrheit macht!

Das zweite Erwachen

Bei allem Bemühen, die Zusammenhänge dieser Welt zu verstehen, kommen viele an einen Punkt, an dem sie realisieren, dass sie erstens: Nie alles verstehen werden. Und zweitens: Dass es Wichtigeres gibt. Das mag überraschend klingen, aber genauso ist es. Das Leben selbst offenbart sich uns nicht am Bildschirm, nicht in Recherchen oder in immer weiterführenden Artikeln. Das Leben im Hier und Jetzt kann nur erfahren und gelebt werden. Das größte Hindernis dabei ist – unser Verstand. Also genau das «Organ», das uns immer weiter in die Tiefen der scheinbaren Realitätserkenntnis treibt ist zugleich verantwortlich dafür, dass wir uns vom Leben selbst entfernen. Welch merkwürdige Erkenntnis. Ist es überhaupt eine Erkenntnis oder nicht viel eher eine Behauptung? Genau an diesem Punkt geht es um ein zweites Erwachen! Nicht aus der polit-medialen Illusionsmatrix, sondern aus der Matrix unserer scheinbar rein materiellen Welt.

Ist dies eine Zwangsläufigkeit? Wohl kaum. Ist es notwendig? In gewisser Weise: ja. Denn nur der Abstand von dieser als ungerecht, grausam oder hoffnungslos empfundenen Welt befreit von Wut, Ohnmacht und Empörung. Im Artikel «Wachstum nach Innen» auf manova wird dieser Prozess ausführlicher beschrieben. Zitat:

«Heute leben wir zum ersten Mal in der Menschheitsgeschichte (!) in einer Epoche, in der es dem Einzelnen frei steht, seinen ganz eigenen Zugang zur Spiritualität zu suchen und zu finden. Es ist dies vielleicht die größte Herausforderung, der sich ein Mensch stellen kann!»

An diesem Punkt ist jeder auf sich selbst zurückgeworfen. Hier geht es nicht um Religionszugehörigkeit oder kirchliche Traditionen, sondern um authentische Erfahrungen.

Die Möglichkeit dieses zweiten «Erwachens», bringt ein Versprechen mit sich: wahrhafte Befreiung. Zum Beispiel von dem Wunsch, immer noch tiefer graben zu wollen. Oder stets andere überzeugen zu wollen. Oder sich überlegen zu fühlen. Es führt unweigerlich zu einer Relativierung: wem oder was gebe ich Bedeutung? Denn diese Freiheit kommt garantiert mit: die Freiheit, selbst Bedeutung verleihen zu können! Nicht mehr getrieben zu sein, viel öfter ein Wahl zu haben.

Sollte das wie ein Ausweichen oder gar Rückzug aus der Welt klingen, so wäre das ein Missverständnis. Es ist eine Veränderung des Standpunktes, des Fokus. Tatsächlich bringt es auch einen gewissen Abstand mit sich, zu dem was «da draußen» geschieht. Denn welche Erfahrungen der Einzelne auch selbst gemacht haben mag, wie auch immer er sie interpretiert: die Welt ist nicht mehr dieselbe.

Damit einher geht eine Veränderung der Gefühlswelt. Wo vorher vielfach Empörung, Ärger oder Wut vorherrschten kann mit dieser inneren Distanz vieles weniger emotional betrachtet werden. In der Dauerempörung liegt zwar einerseits Energie, um sich zu engagieren, zugleich liegt darin aber die große Gefahr, auszubrennen. Daniele Ganser, einer der ganz wichtigen Aufklärer unserer Zeit, bietet nicht umsonst seit Jahren Seminare zum Thema «Achtsamkeit» an. Dabei geht es vor allem um unsere innere Wahrnehmung, um einen Abstand zwischen «Ich» und meinem Gefühl oder Bedürfnis. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung, um aus der Spirale der Negativität zu entkommen. Denn diese Gefahr ist allgegenwärtig. Während Tagesschau & Co permanent Angst erzeugen vor Klima, Viren oder Putin, so wird in den «alternativen Medien» ähnliches geboten, nur mit anderem Vorzeichen. Die Bedrohung der mächtigen Organisationen WEF, UN, WHO, Nato, EU u. a., die Planung der Bargeldabschaffung, der digitalen ID, des persönlichen CO2-Budgets… Dies sind reale Vorhaben, keine Frage. Ob und wie sie jemals Realität werden kann aus heutiger Sicht jedoch niemand beantworten. Die Welt verändert sich derzeit schneller als seit Jahrzehnten. Und manche Sorgen bewahrheiten sich zum Glück nicht.

Der eigene Wirkungsbereich

Die ständige Beschäftigung mit diesen Bedrohungen bedroht vor allem eines: die eigene Lebensqualität. Wie kann man das Wahre, Schöne, Gute erkennen, wenn man sich tagein, tagaus mit Lüge, Verbrechern, Komplotten beschäftigt? Schwierig bis unmöglich.

«Ändere, was du ändern kannst, bleibe gelassen, bei allem was du nicht ändern kannst und lerne zeitlebens, das eine vom anderen zu unterscheiden».

Es ist eine der ältesten Lebensweisheiten, und doch ist sie so gültig wie eh und je. Die Herausforderung besteht gerade im Unterscheiden. Es geht um den eigenen Wirkungsbereich, denn dies ist der einzige Ort, wo tatsächlich etwas bewirkt werden kann. Wie groß der jeweils ist, das unterscheidet sich tatsächlich massiv. Zudem ist er nicht statisch. Es kann ein berechtigtes Ziel sein, diesen Bereich auszudehnen. Über Social Media, eigene Artikel, Diskussionsrunden, Demos, Events, Videos, was auch immer.

Natürlich geschieht das seit Jahren vielfach, einige Websites und Kanäle haben weit über 100.000 Leser oder Follower. Doch auch wenn die Reichweite größer wird, so steigt die Zufriedenheit nicht unbedingt in gleichem Maß. Denn stets muss man erkennen, dass die mit Milliarden finanzierten staatsnahen Medien beliebigen Schrott produzieren können und damit mehr Menschen erreichen, als die mit viel Herzblut erstellten eigenen Arbeiten. Und irgendwann stellt sich dann die Frage: «Was bringt das alles?» Oder, wie Gunnar Kaiser am Ende seiner bewundernswerten Tätigkeit: «Habe ich genug getan»?

Habe ich genug getan

Dies ist die Frage, auf die es keine Antwort gibt. Was wäre denn genug? Einen Menschen davor bewahrt zu haben, sich eine experimentelle Substanz injizieren zu lassen und damit mögliche Gesundheitsschäden zu erleiden? Wieso nicht. Hunderte Menschen zum Nachdenken gebracht, Tausenden Lesern ein Gefühl von «Ich-bin-nicht-allein» gegeben zu haben? Absolut! Hunderttausende Kommentare geben ein lebendiges Feedback, eine Bestätigung, dass man wertvolle Arbeit leistet. Es sind heute Millionen mehr, als zu Beginn der dunklen Pandemie-Jahre. Das ist der Wirkungskreis, den man sich erarbeitet hat, in dem ein Teil der Menschheitsfamilie eine geistige Heimat findet, fernab der permanenten Indoktrinationsversuche. Das ist es wert.

Und es gibt noch eine weitere positive Seite: man lernt Gleichgesinnte kennen und kann endlich über all das diskutieren, was man schon längst mit jemandem teilen wollte! Dies ist in keiner Weise sarkastisch gemeint, denn es ist elementar für jeden von uns, frei und offen sprechen zu können, ohne den Zensor im Kopf. Man lernt höchst interessante Menschen kennen - überall auf der Welt. Die man ohne Covid & Co niemals kennengelernt hätte. Vielleicht ergibt sich daraus das eine oder andere Projekt, das in die Zukunft weist? Auch das ist es wert.

Kläre die Menschen auf\ und Tyrannei und Unterdrückung \ von Körper und Geist werden verschwinden.\ Gerade so wie die bösen Geister\ wenn die Morgensonne ihre Strahlen sendet.

Thomas Jefferson

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Parallel Chains

We want merged-mined blockchains. We want them because it is possible to do things in them that aren't doable in the normal Bitcoin blockchain because it is rightfully too expensive, but there are other things beside the world money that could benefit from a "distributed ledger" -- just like people believed in 2013 --, like issued assets and domain names (just the most obvious examples).

On the other hand we can't have -- like people believed in 2013 -- a copy of Bitcoin for every little idea with its own native token that is mined by proof-of-work and must get off the ground from being completely valueless into having some value by way of a miracle that operated only once with Bitcoin.

It's also not a good idea to have blockchains with custom merged-mining protocol (like Namecoin and Rootstock) that require Bitcoin miners to run their software and be an active participant and miner for that other network besides Bitcoin, because it's too cumbersome for everybody.

Luckily Ruben Somsen invented this protocol for blind merged-mining that solves the issue above. Although it doesn't solve the fact that each parallel chain still needs some form of "native" token to pay miners -- or it must use another method that doesn't use a native token, such as trusted payments outside the chain.

How does it work

With the SIGHASH_NOINPUT/SIGHASH_ANYPREVOUT soft-fork[^eltoo] it becomes possible to create presigned transactions that aren't related to any previous UTXO.

Then you create a long sequence of transactions (sufficient to last for many many years), each with an nLockTime of 1 and each spending the next (you create them from the last to the first). Since their scriptSig (the unlocking script) will use SIGHASH_ANYPREVOUT you can obtain a transaction id/hash that doesn't include the previous TXO, you can, for example, in a sequence of transactions A0-->B (B spends output 0 from A), include the signature for "spending A0 on B" inside the scriptPubKey (the locking script) of "A0".

With the contraption described above it is possible to make that long string of transactions everybody will know (and know how to generate) but each transaction can only be spent by the next previously decided transaction, no matter what anyone does, and there always must be at least one block of difference between them.

Then you combine it with RBF, SIGHASH_SINGLE and SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY so parallel chain miners can add inputs and outputs to be able to compete on fees by including their own outputs and getting change back while at the same time writing a hash of the parallel block in the change output and you get everything working perfectly: everybody trying to spend the same output from the long string, each with a different parallel block hash, only the highest bidder will get the transaction included on the Bitcoin chain and thus only one parallel block will be mined.

See also

• Drivechain

[^eltoo]: The same thing used in Eltoo.

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A estrutura lógica do livro didático

Todos os livros didáticos e cursos expõem seus conteúdos a partir de uma organização lógica prévia, um esquema de todo o conteúdo que julgam relevante, tudo muito organizadinho em tópicos e subtópicos segundo a ordem lógica que mais se aproxima da ordem natural das coisas. Imagine um sumário de um manual ou livro didático.

A minha experiência é a de que esse método serve muito bem para ninguém entender nada. A organização lógica perfeita de um campo de conhecimento é o resultado final de um estudo, não o seu início. As pessoas que escrevem esses manuais e dão esses cursos, mesmo quando sabem do que estão falando (um acontecimento aparentemente raro), o fazem a partir do seu próprio ponto de vista, atingido após uma vida de dedicação ao assunto (ou então copiando outros manuais e livros didáticos, o que eu chutaria que é o método mais comum).

Para o neófito, a melhor maneira de entender algo é através de imersões em micro-tópicos, sem muita noção da posição daquele tópico na hierarquia geral da ciência.

• Revista Educativa, um exemplo de como não ensinar nada às crianças.
• Zettelkasten, a ordem surgindo do caos, ao invés de temas se encaixando numa ordem preexistentes.

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Bitcoin Magazine

Economic Bitcoin Nodes: Why You Need To Use Your Node For It To Matter

What is an economic node? To understand that, you need to first conceptually understand how a user interacts with the Bitcoin network in the first place. 

Bitcoin is a database, and a network to facilitate the updating and synchronization of updates to that database, used for the primary purpose of people transacting bitcoin (entries in the database). 

The primary concern of a user making use of Bitcoin for this purpose is the validity of the transactions sent to them, i.e. is the money they have received valid in the sense that when they go forward in the future to spend it somewhere else that other people will also widely accept it as valid. If that is not the case, then it is useless as money. 

This is the purpose of a node, to verify these transactions. In order to do so, your node must have a complete set of all the existing coins (Unspent Transaction Outputs, or UTXOs) in order to check every proposed transaction against. When a transaction is broadcast, your node verifies that the coins it is spending are in this “UTXO set”, meaning that they have not been spent yet. When that transaction is confirmed in a block, those individual UTXOs are then removed from the UTXO set, and the new ones created by that transaction are added. 

In order to compute that UTXO set in the first place, a node must parse through the entire historical record of all past transactions contained in the blockchain, going through the process of adding each newly mined UTXO to the set, and removing/adding all the consumed and newly created UTXOs processed in each individual block. 

Without doing this, there is no way to be certain that the current UTXO set stored in your node is actually accurate and valid (in the future Zero Knowledge Proofs could obviate the need for this by replacing the historical blockchain with a succinct cryptographic proof that any given UTXO set is valid for a specific blockheight). 

Your node is simply an agent for you as an economic actor, in the sense of automated AI agents that many LLM advocates speak about. It is an autonomous program acting on your behalf in a certain context, in this case guaranteeing the validity of bitcoin transactions to ensure that when you are the recipient of one, the chain of transactions that created the coin spent to you is valid. 

An economic node is simply a node that is actually being used by someone engaging in economic activity to ensure the validity of the coins they are receiving. 

Why is that so important? Why do only these nodes matter? 

Think about what makes Bitcoin function in the first place: people running the same consensus rules. The only reason there is a coherent singular Bitcoin network is because everyone is running the same consensus rules, when miners produce blocks, every individual node arrives at the same conclusion as to whether or not it is valid. Every individual node will follow whatever is the blockchain composed of valid blocks that has the most proof-of-work attached to it. 

There is only a singular coherent Bitcoin network because each individual actor chooses to enforce the same set of consensus rules against blocks that miners produce. It is purely voluntary association, voluntary subjugation of oneself to a certain set of consensus rules. 

So to illustrate the point, let’s imagine three different scenarios of nodes deviating from the existing set of rules. 

In the first scenario, imagine a few major exchanges like Kraken, Coinbase, etc. all alter their consensus rules from the rest of the network (softfork vs. hardfork are a distraction from the point, so we are going to ignore the distinction here). These nodes represent the economic platforms where bitcoin is traded, and its price established in fiat terms. Nodes running conflicting rules from them, or making transactions that will not be recognized as valid by their nodes to be more specific, now cannot engage in that market. 

Those exchanges’ nodes will not recognize user deposits as valid, and as such they will not be able to deposit coins and participate in those marketplaces. Other nodes can band together, but they cannot capture the economic power of those exchanges. Ultimately, short of the value of the coin created by the ruleset they are enforcing crashing to nothing, other nodes on the network will have no choice but to adopt their ruleset in order to interact with them. Otherwise the exchanges will simply ignore and honor honor deposits their nodes consider invalid. 

In the second scenario, let’s imagine a group of much smaller businesses and users that regularly receive transactions. Maybe all of them together amount to the economic activity of a single exchange like Coinbase. These users choosing to alter their consensus rules is not as inescapable as a number of large exchanges in concert, but it is still significant. 

Here, other users can still access marketplaces like exchanges to ensure that bitcoin is being priced by the market. The majority of the network will still accept everyone else’s coins in receipt for goods, or as deposits to trade on marketplaces. But they still represent a sizable portion of economic activity withdrawing from the rest of the network. This is leverage they can use. 

Even as a minority of the network, the likelihood is extremely high that there are significant levels of economic activity crossing between this minority of nodes and the rest of the network. This is not a clear case of leaving the rest of the network no option but to adopt the new rules, but it definitely creates pressure for large portions of the network who interact across that “gap.”

From there the more users that choose to cross the gap because of who they economically interact with, that pressure grows larger for the rest of the remaining network. 

In the last scenario, let’s imagine a group of nodes representing a small set of users generating very little or no economic activity at all. These users choose to alter their ruleset. They receive almost no payments, they represent a rounding error in terms of economic value on the network. 

They’re irrelevant to the rest of the network. Large businesses, exchanges, other economic actors, they will not care if a handful of people stop patronizing them or sending them bitcoin for different reasons. This set of nodes altering their consensus rules doesn’t matter. They create no pressure or opportunity cost that matters for the rest of the network. 

An economic node’s influence on the overall consensus of the Bitcoin network is proportional to the amount of economic activity involving that node/its owner. 

A node that is not being used for this purpose is completely irrelevant to the consensus rules of the Bitcoin network at large. It creates no economic pressure, imposes no opportunity cost, on the rest of the network when it alters its consensus rules. It is indistinguishable from a participant in a sybil attack. 

There might be other reasons to run a node besides verifying your own transactions, such as direct access to blockchain data for research or analysis purposes, but ultimately that node is irrelevant to consensus. 

This dynamic is why Bitcoin cannot be sybil attacked. It’s why some malicious actor can spin up a million nodes on Amazon Web Services running different consensus rules, and it will have zero effect on the actual Bitcoin network. 

Your node doesn’t matter, unless you use it. So use it. 

This post Economic Bitcoin Nodes: Why You Need To Use Your Node For It To Matter first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Shinobi.

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Boardthreads

This was a very badly done service for turning a Trello list into a helpdesk UI.

Surprisingly, it had more paying users than Websites For Trello, which I was working on simultaneously and dedicating much more time to it.

The Neo4j database I used for this was a very poor choice, it was probably the cause of all the bugs.

-https://github.com/fiatjaf/boardthreads

@ 6d5a8708:6b09ca5b

{ "id": "id-1748929970477-uou9np2", "name": "TestBoard 3", "description": "", "authors": [ "User" ], "summary": "", "backgroundColor": "#f5f7fa", "customStyle": "", "columns": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-2q5mris", "name": "Materialien", "color": "color-gradient-6", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-69bywt8", "heading": "Biblische Impulse und aktuelle Konflikte: Sacharja 4,6", "content": "Das Dokument nimmt Bezug auf das Bibelwort Sacharja 4,6: „Es soll nicht durch Heer oder Kraft geschehen, sondern durch meinen Geist, spricht der Herr der Heerscharen“ und stellt es in den Kontext des russisch-ukrainischen Krieges.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Lest den Bibeltext Sacharja 4,6 im Zusammenhang.\n2. Was bedeutet das Wort „Geist“ in diesem Kontext?\n3. Inwiefern kann dieses Bibelwort als Aufruf zu einer geistlichen Strategie im Konflikt mit Russland verstanden werden?\n4. Diskutiert: Welche Rolle spielen Glaube und Spiritualität in politischen Konflikten?\n\n", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die Bibelkompetenz und die Fähigkeit zur Interpretation religiöser Texte. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, biblische Botschaften auf aktuelle Situationen zu beziehen und die Rolle des Glaubens in Konflikten zu reflektieren.", "url": "https://solus-christus.portacaeli.de/Export/LinkedDocuments/Es%20soll%20nicht%20durch%20Kraft%20oder%20Heer%20geschehen,%20sondern%20durch%20meinen%20Geist%20-%20Putins%20Ende%20(kein%20Atomkrieg).pdf", "inactive": false, "labels": "" }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-1ccu76c", "heading": "Strategien gegen Angst: Moralische Überlegenheit statt militärischer Gewalt?", "content": "Das Dokument plädiert für eine geistliche Strategie, um Putins Drohungen mit Angst und moralischer Überlegenheit zu begegnen und warnt vor militärischer Gewalt.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Welche Argumente werden im Text gegen militärische Gewalt vorgebracht?\n2. Was bedeutet „moralische Überlegenheit“ in diesem Zusammenhang?\n3. Diskutiert: Ist eine geistliche Strategie im Angesicht von Krieg und Gewalt realistisch? Welche Chancen und Grenzen hat sie?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die ethische Urteilsfähigkeit und die Auseinandersetzung mit verschiedenen Konfliktlösungsstrategien. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, die ethischen Aspekte von Krieg und Frieden zu reflektieren und die Bedeutung von Gewaltfreiheit zu diskutieren.", "url": "https://solus-christus.portacaeli.de/Export/LinkedDocuments/Es%20soll%20nicht%20durch%20Kraft%20oder%20Heer%20geschehen,%20sondern%20durch%20meinen%20Geist%20-%20Putins%20Ende%20(kein%20Atomkrieg).pdf", "inactive": false } ] }, { "id": "id-1748929970477-vfatuvu", "name": "Erkundung", "color": "color-gradient-2", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-0hgtmbu", "heading": "Empathie entwickeln: Perspektivwechsel", "content": "Die Gebetspostkarten richten sich an ukrainische Geflüchtete, Haupt- und Ehrenamtliche in der Flüchtlingshilfe, Mitarbeitende in Kirche und Diakonie sowie Pastorinnen und Pastoren.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Versetzt euch in die Lage eines ukrainischen Geflüchteten:\n * Welche Sorgen und Ängste hättet ihr?\n * Was würde euch Halt und Trost geben?\n2. Diskutiert: Wie können wir als Jugendliche Geflüchteten helfen und sie unterstützen?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die Empathiefähigkeit und die Bereitschaft zum Handeln. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, die Perspektive anderer Menschen einzunehmen und konkrete Möglichkeiten der Unterstützung zu entwickeln.", "url": "https://www.ekd.de/gebetspostkarten-fuer-ukrainische-gefluechtete-75156.htm", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-6c4g37v", "heading": "Analyse der Gebetstexte: Klage und Segen", "content": "Die EKD bietet Gebetspostkarten für ukrainische Geflüchtete an, die ein Klagegebet sowie einen Segen und Zuspruch enthalten.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Recherchiert: Sind die Gebetskarten online verfügbar? (Hinweis: Oftmals sind solche Materialien als PDF zum Download auf der Seite der EKD oder anderer kirchlicher Stellen zu finden). \n2. Analysiert die Texte des Klagegebets und des Segens:\n * Welche Gefühle und Bedürfnisse werden in den Gebeten ausgedrückt?\n * Welche Bilder und Symbole werden verwendet?\n * Inwiefern spiegeln die Gebete die Situation der Geflüchteten wider?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Bedeutung haben Klage und Segen in Krisenzeiten?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die Textanalysekompetenz und die Auseinandersetzung mit religiösen Ausdrucksformen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, die emotionalen und spirituellen Bedürfnisse von Menschen in Notlagen zu verstehen.", "url": "https://www.ekd.de/gebetspostkarten-fuer-ukrainische-gefluechtete-75156.htm", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-e1iysfj", "heading": "Die Kirchen: Ökumene und religiöse Begründung des Krieges", "content": "Der Artikel beleuchtet die Rolle der Kirchen im Ukraine-Krieg, insbesondere die Haltung des russisch-orthodoxen Patriarchen Kyrill I.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Welche Rolle spielt Patriarch Kyrill I. im Ukraine-Krieg?\n2. Inwiefern liefert er pseudo-religiöse Begründungen für den Krieg?\n3. Diskutiert: Dürfen religiöse Führer Kriege rechtfertigen? Welche Verantwortung haben religiöse Institutionen in Konflikten?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit der Rolle von Religion in Konflikten. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, religiöse Aussagen kritisch zu hinterfragen und die Verantwortung religiöser Institutionen zu reflektieren.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-rubfx75", "heading": "Linksammlung sichten und Schwerpunkte setzen", "content": "Diese Seite ist eine Sammlung von Links, Materialien und Literaturtipps zum Thema Krieg und Frieden, insbesondere im Kontext der aktuellen Konflikte in der Ukraine und Israel.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Sichtet die verschiedenen Kategorien und Angebote auf der Seite.\n2. Welche Bereiche erscheinen euch besonders relevant für die Fragestellung: Rolle religiöser Institutionen und Akteure im Ukraine-Krieg?\n3. Wählt 2-3 Links aus, die ihr genauer erkunden möchtet. Begründet eure Wahl.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich gut für die Erkundungsphase. Er fördert die Fähigkeit zur Informationsrecherche und -bewertung. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, sich in einem umfangreichen Angebot zu orientieren und relevante Materialien auszuwählen.", "url": "https://irp-freiburg.de/service/materialien-zu-krieg-und-frieden/", "inactive": false } ] }, { "id": "id-1748929970477-4kjy2y0", "name": "Erarbeitung", "color": "color-gradient-3", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-7wtnefd", "heading": "Analyse der Kriegslügen und der nationalen Identität", "content": "Der Artikel thematisiert die russische Kriegslüge, dass die Ukraine eigentlich gar nicht existiere und die Stärkung der nationalen Identität der Ukrainer durch den Krieg.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Was bedeutet die Aussage, dass die größte russische Kriegslüge in den ersten Kriegstagen verpufft ist?\n2. Wie hat der Krieg die nationale Identität der Ukrainer beeinflusst?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Rolle spielen Lügen und Propaganda in Kriegen? Nennt Beispiele aus anderen Konflikten.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die Medienkompetenz und die Fähigkeit zur kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit Informationen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, Propaganda zu erkennen und die Bedeutung von nationaler Identität in Konflikten zu verstehen.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-xknl2vk", "heading": "Kreativer Zugang: Psalmwerkstatt", "content": "Die Schülerinnen setzen sich kreativ (z.B. durch das Malen von Bildern, Standbildern, Kneten von Figuren, Gestalten mit Lego oder Playmobil Figuren) mit Psalmversen auseinander und reflektieren ihre Ergebnisse in Kleingruppen (Psalmwerkstatt).\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Wählt einen Psalmvers aus, der euch besonders anspricht (z.B. Ps 13,2-3; Ps 17, 11-12; Ps 21,9-10; Ps 54,5; Ps 59,7). \n2. Gestaltet diesen Vers mit verschiedenen Materialien (Farben, Knete, Lego, Playmobil etc.).\n3. Präsentiert eure Ergebnisse in Kleingruppen und erklärt, was ihr darstellen wolltet.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich gut für die Einstiegsphase. Er ermöglicht einen kreativen und spielerischen Zugang zum Thema und fördert die emotionale Auseinandersetzung mit den Psalmtexten. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler können ihre Gefühle und Gedanken nonverbal ausdrücken.", "url": "https://www.lehrer-online.de/unterricht/sekundarstufen/geisteswissenschaften/politik-sowi/artikel/fa/fluchterfahren-lehrmaterial-zu-flucht-migration-und-ankommen/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-77qk4kt", "heading": "Eigene Klagepsalmen verfassen: Ausdruck der eigenen Gefühle", "content": "Die Schülerinnen schreiben eigene Klagepsalmen, um ihre Nöte, Ängste etc. in Worte zu fassen. Dafür bekommen sie eine Mappe mit einem Psalmenbuch, in das sie eigene Psalmen schreiben können. Sie können sich an den Elementen von Klagepsalmen orientieren, aber auch nur manche Elemente benutzen und sie in eine für sich passende Reihenfolge bringen.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Ausdrucksfähigkeit und die Auseinandersetzung mit den eigenen Gefühlen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, ihre Emotionen in Worte zu fassen und sich mit ihren Ängsten und Sorgen auseinanderzusetzen. Beispielhafte Aufgabe: Gebt den Schülerinnen eine Strukturierungshilfe mit den Elementen von Klagepsalmen und lasst sie einen eigenen Psalm verfassen, der sich auf die aktuelle Situation in der Ukraine oder andere Gewalterfahrungen bezieht.", "url": "https://www.lehrer-online.de/unterricht/sekundarstufen/geisteswissenschaften/politik-sowi/artikel/fa/fluchterfahren-lehrmaterial-zu-flucht-migration-und-ankommen/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-uwxq0or", "heading": "Psalm-Elemente analysieren: Puzzlearbeit", "content": "Die Schülerinnen arbeiten an den verschiedenen Elementen eines Psalms (Anrede/Hilferuf – Klage – Vertrauensäußerung/Erinnerung an erfahrene Hilfe – Bitte – Lob/neue Hoffnung).", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die analytische Kompetenz und das Textverständnis. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, die Struktur von Klagepsalmen zu erkennen und die Bedeutung der einzelnen Elemente zu verstehen. Beispielhafte Aufgabe: Zerschneidet einen Klagepsalm in einzelne Verse oder Satzteile. Die Schülerinnen ordnen die Teile den verschiedenen Elementen zu und begründen ihre Entscheidung.", "url": "https://www.lehrer-online.de/unterricht/sekundarstufen/geisteswissenschaften/politik-sowi/artikel/fa/fluchterfahren-lehrmaterial-zu-flucht-migration-und-ankommen/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-1scyjhb", "heading": "Deutschland: Zeitenwende und Pazifismus", "content": "Der Artikel thematisiert die \"Zeitenwende\" in Deutschland und die veränderte Haltung zu Waffenlieferungen und militärischer Unterstützung.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Was bedeutet die \"Zeitenwende\" in Bezug auf die deutsche Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik?\n2. Wie hat sich die Haltung der deutschen Bevölkerung zu Waffenlieferungen an die Ukraine verändert?\n3. Diskutiert: Ist Waffenlieferung ein Beitrag zum Frieden? Welche ethischen Argumente gibt es für und gegen Waffenlieferungen?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit aktuellen politischen Fragen und ethischen Dilemmata. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, verschiedene Positionen zu verstehen und ihre eigene Meinung zu bilden.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false } ] }, { "id": "id-1749306663326-2qyx4bh", "name": "Vertiefung", "color": "color-gradient-4", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-ifcnizf", "heading": "Gebet als Ausdruck von Solidarität", "content": "Die Gebetspostkarten sind zweisprachig (Ukrainisch und Deutsch), um gemeinsames Gebet zu ermöglichen.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Diskutiert: Welche Bedeutung hat Gebet in verschiedenen Religionen und Kulturen?\n2. Inwiefern kann Gebet ein Ausdruck von Solidarität sein?\n3. Formuliert eigene Gebete oder Fürbitten für die Menschen in der Ukraine.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die interreligiöse Kompetenz und die Auseinandersetzung mit der Bedeutung von Gebet und Spiritualität. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, Gebet als Ausdruck von Verbundenheit und Mitgefühl zu verstehen.", "url": "https://www.ekd.de/gebetspostkarten-fuer-ukrainische-gefluechtete-75156.htm", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-kci172u", "heading": "Nächstenliebe und globale Solidarität: Christliche Werte im Konflikt", "content": "Das Dokument fordert globale Solidarität und Nächstenliebe im Kontext des Ukraine-Krieges.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Inwiefern sind Nächstenliebe und Solidarität christliche Werte?\n2. Wie können diese Werte im Konflikt mit Russland konkret gelebt werden?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Verantwortung haben Christinnen und Christen in Kriegszeiten?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit christlichen Werten und deren Bedeutung für das Handeln in der Welt. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, ihre eigene Verantwortung als Christinnen und Christen in Konfliktsituationen zu reflektieren.", "url": "https://solus-christus.portacaeli.de/Export/LinkedDocuments/Es%20soll%20nicht%20durch%20Kraft%20oder%20Heer%20geschehen,%20sondern%20durch%20meinen%20Geist%20-%20Putins%20Ende%20(kein%20Atomkrieg).pdf", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-utjyeix", "heading": "Russland: Machtsystem und Moral", "content": "Der Artikel beschreibt, wie sich Russland zu einer Diktatur entwickelt hat und wie das Machtsystem Putins wankt.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Welche Beispiele werden im Artikel genannt, um die Entwicklung Russlands zu einer Diktatur zu belegen?\n2. Inwiefern wankt das Machtsystem Putins?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Rolle spielen moralische Werte in der Politik? Welche Konsequenzen hat es, wenn diese Werte verletzt werden?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die politische Urteilsfähigkeit und die Auseinandersetzung mit ethischen Fragen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, politische Systeme zu analysieren und die Bedeutung von Moral in der Politik zu reflektieren.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-34ytvcy", "heading": "Klare Kante gegen Antisemitismus: Eine Analyse", "content": "Die Seite verweist auf einen Artikel zum Thema Antisemitismus im Kontext aktueller Konflikte:\nKlare Kante gegen Antisemitismus: irp.aktuell 25\n\nAufgabe:*\n\n1. Lest den verlinkten Artikel.\n2. Welche Formen von Antisemitismus werden im Zusammenhang mit dem Nahostkonflikt thematisiert?\n3. Inwiefern ist das Thema Antisemitismus auch im Kontext des Ukraine-Krieges relevant?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit einem komplexen Thema und sensibilisiert für die Gefahren von Antisemitismus. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, verschiedene Perspektiven einzunehmen und Zusammenhänge zu erkennen.", "url": "https://irp-freiburg.de/service/materialien-zu-krieg-und-frieden/detail/nachricht/id/195407-klare-kante-gegen-antisemitismus-irp-aktuell-25/?cb-id=12356664", "inactive": false } ] } ], "aiConfig": { "provider": "", "apiKey": "", "model": "", "baseUrl": "" }, "exportDate": "2025-06-12T10:33:21.789Z", "nostrEvent": true }

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Channels without HTLCs

HTLCs below the dust limit are not possible, because they're uneconomical.

So currently whenever a payment below the dust limit is to be made Lightning peers adjust their commitment transactions to pay that amount as fees in case the channel is closed. That's a form of reserving that amount and incentivizing peers to resolve the payment, either successfully (in case it goes to the receiving node's balance) or not (it then goes back to the sender's balance).

SOLUTION

I didn't think too much about if it is possible to do what I think can be done in the current implementation on Lightning channels, but in the context of Eltoo it seems possible.

Eltoo channels have UPDATE transactions that can be published to the blockchain and SETTLEMENT transactions that spend them (after a relative time) to each peer. The barebones script for UPDATE transactions is something like (copied from the paper, because I don't understand these things):

OP_IF # to spend from a settlement transaction (presigned) 10 OP_CSV 2 As,i Bs,i 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ELSE # to spend from a future update transaction <Si+1> OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY 2 Au Bu 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ENDIF

During a payment of 1 satoshi it could be updated to something like (I'll probably get this thing completely wrong):

OP_HASH256 <payment_hash> OP_EQUAL OP_IF # for B to spend from settlement transaction 1 in case the payment went through # and they have a preimage 10 OP_CSV 2 As,i1 Bs,i1 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ELSE OP_IF # for A to spend from settlement transaction 2 in case the payment didn't went through # and the other peer is uncooperative <now + 1day> OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY 2 As,i2 Bs,i2 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ELSE # to spend from a future update transaction <Si+1> OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY 2 Au Bu 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ENDIF OP_ENDIF

Then peers would have two presigned SETTLEMENT transactions, 1 and 2 (with different signature pairs, as badly shown in the script). On SETTLEMENT 1, funds are, say, 999sat for A and 1001sat for B, while on SETTLEMENT 2 funds are 1000sat for A and 1000sat for B.

As soon as B gets the preimage from the next peer in the route it can give it to A and them can sign a new UPDATE transaction that replaces the above gimmick with something simpler without hashes involved.

If the preimage doesn't come in viable time, peers can agree to make a new UPDATE transaction anyway. Otherwise A will have to close the channel, which may be bad, but B wasn't a good peer anyway.

@ 5627e59c:d484729e

Liefde\ De samenkomst\ Van zien en zijn

Leven\ Het zijn en zien\ Een vorm gekregen

Sterven\ Een deur\ Die vrijheid geeft van vorm

En eeuwig leven\ Aan liefde

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Paul Tudor Jones: Bitcoin, Gold, Stocks Are The Best Portfolio To Fight Inflation

The Co-Chairman and CIO of Tudor Investment Corp., Paul Tudor Jones, recently appeared in a Bloomberg interview where he outlined what he sees as the best portfolio to fight against inflation.

JUST IN: Billionaire Paul Tudor Jones said Bitcoin, gold, and stocks are the "best portfolio to fight inflation." pic.twitter.com/rgvVyacRtx

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 11, 2025

“What would an ideal portfolio be… What has worked so far has been some combinations of stocks, which won’t do great, which would do terribly if we ever actually had,” Jones said. “If they called us out and the bond market actually gave us an accident that then spilled over. But it would be some kind of combination of probably gold, vol adjusted, Bitcoin, gold, stocks. That’s probably your best portfolio to fight inflation. Vol adjusted because the vol of Bitcoin obviously is five times that of gold, so you’re going to do it in different ways.”

Jones highlighted the need to balance volatility, especially when combining assets like Bitcoin and gold. He suggested this kind of mix, adjusted for risk, gives investors the strongest defense against inflation’s impact.

When asked if he would allocate 1 or 2 percent of his portfolio to Bitcoin, Jones explained the bigger picture behind why he sees value in it.

“Particularly now, that the road map is clear… Again, if I am a policymaker,” stated Jones. “I’m going to run really low real rates. I am going to have inflation running hot and I am gonna tax the American Consumer to get out of my debt trap, and that’s exactly what Japan, who’s the most fiscally constrained in the world, is doing. And it works until the population throws you out because you let the inflation get too hot. So maybe you’re in a world with three and a half percent inflation and two and a half percent overnight rate and you are kind of trying to run hot and grow your way out of it.”

Yesterday, also in an interview with Bloomberg, the Executive Chairman and CEO of Strategy Michael Saylor commented about the future of Bitcoin as well.

“Winter is not coming back,” commented Sayor. “We are past that phase. If Bitcoin is not going to zero, it is going to $1 million. The President of the United States is determined. He supports Bitcoin, the cabinet supports Bitcoin, Scott Bessent supports Bitcoin, Paul Atkins is shown himself to be an enthusiastic believer of Bitcoin and digital assets… Bitcoin has gotten through its riskiest period.”

This post Paul Tudor Jones: Bitcoin, Gold, Stocks Are The Best Portfolio To Fight Inflation first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ ea39b0da:29a1710d

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@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Criteria for activating Drivechain on Bitcoin

Drivechain is, in essence, just a way to give Bitcoin users the option to deposit their coins in a hashrate escrow. If Bitcoin is about coin ownership, in theory there should be no objection from anyone on users having the option to do that: my keys, my coins etc. In other words: even if you think hashrate escrows are a terrible idea and miners will steal all coins from that, you shouldn't care about what other people do with their own money.

There are only two reasonable objections that could be raised by normal Bitcoin users against Drivechain:

1. Drivechain adds code complexity to bitcoind
2. Drivechain perverts miner incentives of the Bitcoin chain

If these two objections can be reasonably answered there remains no reason for not activating the Drivechain soft-fork.

1

To address 1 we can just take a look at the code once it's done (which I haven't) but from my understanding the extra validation steps needed for ensuring hashrate escrows work are very minimal and self-contained, they shouldn't affect anything else and the risks of introducing some catastrophic bug are roughly zero (or the same as the risks of any of the dozens of refactors that happen every week on Bitcoin Core).

For the BMM/BIP-301 part, again the surface is very small, but we arguably do not need that at all, since anyprevout (once that is merged) enables blind merge-mining in way that is probably better than BIP-301, and that soft-fork is also very simple, plus already loved and accepted by most of the Bitcoin community, implemented and reviewed on Bitcoin Inquisition and is live on the official Bitcoin Core signet.

2

To address 2 we must only point that BMM ensures that Bitcoin miners don't have to do any extra work to earn basically all the fees that would come from the sidechain, as competition for mining sidechain blocks would bid the fee paid to Bitcoin miners up to the maximum economical amount. It is irrelevant if there is MEV on the sidechain or not, everything that reaches the Bitcoin chain does that in form of fees paid in a single high-fee transaction paid to any Bitcoin miner, regardless of them knowing about the sidechain or not. Therefore, there are no centralization pressure or pervert mining incentives that can affect Bitcoin land.

Sometimes it's argued that Drivechain may facilitate the ocurrence of a transaction paying a fee so high it would create incentives for reorging the Bitcoin chain. There is no reason to believe Drivechain would make this more likely than an actual attack than anyone can already do today or, as has happened, some rich person typing numbers wrong on his wallet. In fact, if a drivechain is consistently paying high fees on its BMM transactions that is an incentive for Bitcoin miners to keep mining those transactions one after the other and not harm the users of sidechain by reorging Bitcoin.

Moreover, there are many factors that exist today that can be seen as centralization vectors for Bitcoin mining: arguably one of them is non-blind merge mining, of which we have a (very convoluted) example on the Stacks shitcoin, and introducing the possibility of blind merge-mining on Bitcoin would basically remove any reasonable argument for having such schemes, therefore reducing the centralizing factor of them.

@ ea39b0da:29a1710d

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@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Um algoritmo imbecil da evolução

Suponha que você queira escrever a palavra BANANA partindo de OOOOOO e usando só alterações aleatórias das letras. As alterações se dão por meio da multiplicação da palavra original em várias outras, cada uma com uma mudança diferente.

No primeiro período, surgem BOOOOO e OOOOZO. E então o ambiente decide que todas as palavras que não começam com um B estão eliminadas. Sobra apenas BOOOOO e o algoritmo continua.

É fácil explicar conceber a evolução das espécies acontecendo dessa maneira, se você controlar sempre a parte em que o ambiente decide quem vai sobrar.

Porém, há apenas duas opções:

1. Se o ambiente decidir as coisas de maneira aleatória, a chance de você chegar na palavra correta usando esse método é tão pequena que pode ser considerada nula.
2. Se o ambiente decidir as coisas de maneira pensada, caímos no //design inteligente//.

Acredito que isso seja uma enunciação decente do argumento "no free lunch" aplicado à crítica do darwinismo por William Dembski.

A resposta darwinista consiste em dizer que não existe essa BANANA como objetivo final. Que as palavras podem ir se alterando aleatoriamente, e o que sobrar sobrou, não podemos dizer que um objetivo foi atingido ou deixou de sê-lo. E aí os defensores do design inteligente dirão que o resultado ao qual chegamos não pode ter sido fruto de um processo aleatório. BANANA é qualitativamente diferente de AYZOSO, e aí há várias maneiras de "provar" que sim usando modelos matemáticos e tal.

Fico com a impressão, porém, de que essa coisa só pode ser resolvida como sim ou não mediante uma discussão das premissas, e chega um ponto em que não há mais provas matemáticas possíveis, apenas subjetividade.

Daí eu me lembro da minha humilde solução ao problema do cão que aperta as teclas aleatoriamente de um teclado e escreve as obras completas de Shakespeare: mesmo que ele o faça, nada daquilo terá sentido sem uma inteligência de tipo humano ali para lê-las e perceber que não se trata de uma bagunça, mas sim de um texto com sentido para ele. O milagre se dá não no momento em que o cão tropeça no teclado, mas no momento em que o homem olha para a tela.

Se o algoritmo da evolução chegou à palavra BANANA ou UXJHTR não faz diferença pra ela, mas faz diferença para nós, que temos uma inteligência humana, e estamos observando aquilo. O homem também pensaria que há //algo// por trás daquele evento do cão que digita as obras de Shakespeare, e como seria possível alguém em sã consciência pensar que não?

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Gerador de tabelas de todos contra todos

I don't remember exactly when I did this, but I think a friend wanted to do software that would give him money over the internet without having to work. He didn't know how to program. He mentioned this idea he had which was some kind of football championship manager solution, but I heard it like this: a website that generated a round-robin championship table for people to print.

It is actually not obvious to anyone how to do it, it requires an algorithm that people will not reach casually while thinking, and there was no website doing it in Portuguese at the time, so I made this and it worked and it had a couple hundred daily visitors, and it even generated money from Google Ads (not much)!

First it was a Python web app running on Heroku, then Heroku started charging or limiting the amount of free time I could have on their platform, so I migrated it to a static site that ran everything on the client. Since I didn't want to waste my Python code that actually generated the tables I used Brython to run Python on JavaScript, which was an interesting experience.

In hindsight I could have just taken one of the many round-robin JavaScript libraries that exist on NPM, so eventually after a couple of more years I did that.

I also removed Google Ads when Google decided it had so many requirements to send me the money it was impossible, and then the money started to vanished.

• https://github.com/fiatjaf/tabelas.alhur.es
• https://tabelas.alhur.es/

@ f6f1b59a:1750cb42

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Diskutiert: Wie können wir als Jugendliche Geflüchteten helfen und sie unterstützen?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die Empathiefähigkeit und die Bereitschaft zum Handeln. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, die Perspektive anderer Menschen einzunehmen und konkrete Möglichkeiten der Unterstützung zu entwickeln.", "url": "https://www.ekd.de/gebetspostkarten-fuer-ukrainische-gefluechtete-75156.htm", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-6c4g37v", "heading": "Analyse der Gebetstexte: Klage und Segen", "content": "Die EKD bietet Gebetspostkarten für ukrainische Geflüchtete an, die ein Klagegebet sowie einen Segen und Zuspruch enthalten.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Recherchiert: Sind die Gebetskarten online verfügbar? (Hinweis: Oftmals sind solche Materialien als PDF zum Download auf der Seite der EKD oder anderer kirchlicher Stellen zu finden). \n2. Analysiert die Texte des Klagegebets und des Segens:\n * Welche Gefühle und Bedürfnisse werden in den Gebeten ausgedrückt?\n * Welche Bilder und Symbole werden verwendet?\n * Inwiefern spiegeln die Gebete die Situation der Geflüchteten wider?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Bedeutung haben Klage und Segen in Krisenzeiten?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die Textanalysekompetenz und die Auseinandersetzung mit religiösen Ausdrucksformen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, die emotionalen und spirituellen Bedürfnisse von Menschen in Notlagen zu verstehen.", "url": "https://www.ekd.de/gebetspostkarten-fuer-ukrainische-gefluechtete-75156.htm", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-e1iysfj", "heading": "Die Kirchen: Ökumene und religiöse Begründung des Krieges", "content": "Der Artikel beleuchtet die Rolle der Kirchen im Ukraine-Krieg, insbesondere die Haltung des russisch-orthodoxen Patriarchen Kyrill I.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Welche Rolle spielt Patriarch Kyrill I. im Ukraine-Krieg?\n2. Inwiefern liefert er pseudo-religiöse Begründungen für den Krieg?\n3. Diskutiert: Dürfen religiöse Führer Kriege rechtfertigen? Welche Verantwortung haben religiöse Institutionen in Konflikten?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit der Rolle von Religion in Konflikten. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, religiöse Aussagen kritisch zu hinterfragen und die Verantwortung religiöser Institutionen zu reflektieren.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-rubfx75", "heading": "Linksammlung sichten und Schwerpunkte setzen", "content": "Diese Seite ist eine Sammlung von Links, Materialien und Literaturtipps zum Thema Krieg und Frieden, insbesondere im Kontext der aktuellen Konflikte in der Ukraine und Israel.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Sichtet die verschiedenen Kategorien und Angebote auf der Seite.\n2. Welche Bereiche erscheinen euch besonders relevant für die Fragestellung: Rolle religiöser Institutionen und Akteure im Ukraine-Krieg?\n3. Wählt 2-3 Links aus, die ihr genauer erkunden möchtet. Begründet eure Wahl.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich gut für die Erkundungsphase. Er fördert die Fähigkeit zur Informationsrecherche und -bewertung. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, sich in einem umfangreichen Angebot zu orientieren und relevante Materialien auszuwählen.", "url": "https://irp-freiburg.de/service/materialien-zu-krieg-und-frieden/", "inactive": false } ] }, { "id": "id-1748929970477-4kjy2y0", "name": "Erarbeitung", "color": "color-gradient-3", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-7wtnefd", "heading": "Analyse der Kriegslügen und der nationalen Identität", "content": "Der Artikel thematisiert die russische Kriegslüge, dass die Ukraine eigentlich gar nicht existiere und die Stärkung der nationalen Identität der Ukrainer durch den Krieg.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Was bedeutet die Aussage, dass die größte russische Kriegslüge in den ersten Kriegstagen verpufft ist?\n2. Wie hat der Krieg die nationale Identität der Ukrainer beeinflusst?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Rolle spielen Lügen und Propaganda in Kriegen? Nennt Beispiele aus anderen Konflikten.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die Medienkompetenz und die Fähigkeit zur kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit Informationen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, Propaganda zu erkennen und die Bedeutung von nationaler Identität in Konflikten zu verstehen.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-xknl2vk", "heading": "Kreativer Zugang: Psalmwerkstatt", "content": "Die Schülerinnen setzen sich kreativ (z.B. durch das Malen von Bildern, Standbildern, Kneten von Figuren, Gestalten mit Lego oder Playmobil Figuren) mit Psalmversen auseinander und reflektieren ihre Ergebnisse in Kleingruppen (Psalmwerkstatt).\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Wählt einen Psalmvers aus, der euch besonders anspricht (z.B. Ps 13,2-3; Ps 17, 11-12; Ps 21,9-10; Ps 54,5; Ps 59,7). \n2. Gestaltet diesen Vers mit verschiedenen Materialien (Farben, Knete, Lego, Playmobil etc.).\n3. Präsentiert eure Ergebnisse in Kleingruppen und erklärt, was ihr darstellen wolltet.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich gut für die Einstiegsphase. Er ermöglicht einen kreativen und spielerischen Zugang zum Thema und fördert die emotionale Auseinandersetzung mit den Psalmtexten. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler können ihre Gefühle und Gedanken nonverbal ausdrücken.", "url": "https://www.lehrer-online.de/unterricht/sekundarstufen/geisteswissenschaften/politik-sowi/artikel/fa/fluchterfahren-lehrmaterial-zu-flucht-migration-und-ankommen/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-77qk4kt", "heading": "Eigene Klagepsalmen verfassen: Ausdruck der eigenen Gefühle", "content": "Die Schülerinnen schreiben eigene Klagepsalmen, um ihre Nöte, Ängste etc. in Worte zu fassen. Dafür bekommen sie eine Mappe mit einem Psalmenbuch, in das sie eigene Psalmen schreiben können. Sie können sich an den Elementen von Klagepsalmen orientieren, aber auch nur manche Elemente benutzen und sie in eine für sich passende Reihenfolge bringen.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Ausdrucksfähigkeit und die Auseinandersetzung mit den eigenen Gefühlen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, ihre Emotionen in Worte zu fassen und sich mit ihren Ängsten und Sorgen auseinanderzusetzen. Beispielhafte Aufgabe: Gebt den Schülerinnen eine Strukturierungshilfe mit den Elementen von Klagepsalmen und lasst sie einen eigenen Psalm verfassen, der sich auf die aktuelle Situation in der Ukraine oder andere Gewalterfahrungen bezieht.", "url": "https://www.lehrer-online.de/unterricht/sekundarstufen/geisteswissenschaften/politik-sowi/artikel/fa/fluchterfahren-lehrmaterial-zu-flucht-migration-und-ankommen/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-uwxq0or", "heading": "Psalm-Elemente analysieren: Puzzlearbeit", "content": "Die Schülerinnen arbeiten an den verschiedenen Elementen eines Psalms (Anrede/Hilferuf – Klage – Vertrauensäußerung/Erinnerung an erfahrene Hilfe – Bitte – Lob/neue Hoffnung).", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die analytische Kompetenz und das Textverständnis. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, die Struktur von Klagepsalmen zu erkennen und die Bedeutung der einzelnen Elemente zu verstehen. Beispielhafte Aufgabe: Zerschneidet einen Klagepsalm in einzelne Verse oder Satzteile. Die Schülerinnen ordnen die Teile den verschiedenen Elementen zu und begründen ihre Entscheidung.", "url": "https://www.lehrer-online.de/unterricht/sekundarstufen/geisteswissenschaften/politik-sowi/artikel/fa/fluchterfahren-lehrmaterial-zu-flucht-migration-und-ankommen/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-1scyjhb", "heading": "Deutschland: Zeitenwende und Pazifismus", "content": "Der Artikel thematisiert die \"Zeitenwende\" in Deutschland und die veränderte Haltung zu Waffenlieferungen und militärischer Unterstützung.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Was bedeutet die \"Zeitenwende\" in Bezug auf die deutsche Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik?\n2. Wie hat sich die Haltung der deutschen Bevölkerung zu Waffenlieferungen an die Ukraine verändert?\n3. Diskutiert: Ist Waffenlieferung ein Beitrag zum Frieden? Welche ethischen Argumente gibt es für und gegen Waffenlieferungen?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit aktuellen politischen Fragen und ethischen Dilemmata. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, verschiedene Positionen zu verstehen und ihre eigene Meinung zu bilden.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false } ] }, { "id": "id-1749306663326-2qyx4bh", "name": "Vertiefung", "color": "color-gradient-4", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-ifcnizf", "heading": "Gebet als Ausdruck von Solidarität", "content": "Die Gebetspostkarten sind zweisprachig (Ukrainisch und Deutsch), um gemeinsames Gebet zu ermöglichen.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Diskutiert: Welche Bedeutung hat Gebet in verschiedenen Religionen und Kulturen?\n2. Inwiefern kann Gebet ein Ausdruck von Solidarität sein?\n3. Formuliert eigene Gebete oder Fürbitten für die Menschen in der Ukraine.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die interreligiöse Kompetenz und die Auseinandersetzung mit der Bedeutung von Gebet und Spiritualität. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, Gebet als Ausdruck von Verbundenheit und Mitgefühl zu verstehen.", "url": "https://www.ekd.de/gebetspostkarten-fuer-ukrainische-gefluechtete-75156.htm", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-kci172u", "heading": "Nächstenliebe und globale Solidarität: Christliche Werte im Konflikt", "content": "Das Dokument fordert globale Solidarität und Nächstenliebe im Kontext des Ukraine-Krieges.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Inwiefern sind Nächstenliebe und Solidarität christliche Werte?\n2. Wie können diese Werte im Konflikt mit Russland konkret gelebt werden?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Verantwortung haben Christinnen und Christen in Kriegszeiten?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit christlichen Werten und deren Bedeutung für das Handeln in der Welt. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, ihre eigene Verantwortung als Christinnen und Christen in Konfliktsituationen zu reflektieren.", "url": "https://solus-christus.portacaeli.de/Export/LinkedDocuments/Es%20soll%20nicht%20durch%20Kraft%20oder%20Heer%20geschehen,%20sondern%20durch%20meinen%20Geist%20-%20Putins%20Ende%20(kein%20Atomkrieg).pdf", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-utjyeix", "heading": "Russland: Machtsystem und Moral", "content": "Der Artikel beschreibt, wie sich Russland zu einer Diktatur entwickelt hat und wie das Machtsystem Putins wankt.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Welche Beispiele werden im Artikel genannt, um die Entwicklung Russlands zu einer Diktatur zu belegen?\n2. Inwiefern wankt das Machtsystem Putins?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Rolle spielen moralische Werte in der Politik? Welche Konsequenzen hat es, wenn diese Werte verletzt werden?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die politische Urteilsfähigkeit und die Auseinandersetzung mit ethischen Fragen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, politische Systeme zu analysieren und die Bedeutung von Moral in der Politik zu reflektieren.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-34ytvcy", "heading": "Klare Kante gegen Antisemitismus: Eine Analyse", "content": "Die Seite verweist auf einen Artikel zum Thema Antisemitismus im Kontext aktueller Konflikte:\nKlare Kante gegen Antisemitismus: irp.aktuell 25\n\nAufgabe:*\n\n1. Lest den verlinkten Artikel.\n2. Welche Formen von Antisemitismus werden im Zusammenhang mit dem Nahostkonflikt thematisiert?\n3. Inwiefern ist das Thema Antisemitismus auch im Kontext des Ukraine-Krieges relevant?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit einem komplexen Thema und sensibilisiert für die Gefahren von Antisemitismus. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, verschiedene Perspektiven einzunehmen und Zusammenhänge zu erkennen.", "url": "https://irp-freiburg.de/service/materialien-zu-krieg-und-frieden/detail/nachricht/id/195407-klare-kante-gegen-antisemitismus-irp-aktuell-25/?cb-id=12356664", "inactive": false } ] } ], "aiConfig": { "provider": "", "apiKey": "", "model": "", "baseUrl": "" }, "exportDate": "2025-06-12T09:18:37.171Z", "nostrEvent": true }

@ 07018c45:31980c8d

{ "id": "id-1748929970477-uou9np2", "name": "TestBoard 3", "description": "", "authors": [ "User" ], "summary": "", "backgroundColor": "#f5f7fa", "customStyle": "", "columns": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-2q5mris", "name": "Materialien", "color": "color-gradient-6", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-69bywt8", "heading": "Biblische Impulse und aktuelle Konflikte: Sacharja 4,6", "content": "Das Dokument nimmt Bezug auf das Bibelwort Sacharja 4,6: „Es soll nicht durch Heer oder Kraft geschehen, sondern durch meinen Geist, spricht der Herr der Heerscharen“ und stellt es in den Kontext des russisch-ukrainischen Krieges.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Lest den Bibeltext Sacharja 4,6 im Zusammenhang.\n2. Was bedeutet das Wort „Geist“ in diesem Kontext?\n3. Inwiefern kann dieses Bibelwort als Aufruf zu einer geistlichen Strategie im Konflikt mit Russland verstanden werden?\n4. Diskutiert: Welche Rolle spielen Glaube und Spiritualität in politischen Konflikten?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die Bibelkompetenz und die Fähigkeit zur Interpretation religiöser Texte. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, biblische Botschaften auf aktuelle Situationen zu beziehen und die Rolle des Glaubens in Konflikten zu reflektieren.", "url": "https://solus-christus.portacaeli.de/Export/LinkedDocuments/Es%20soll%20nicht%20durch%20Kraft%20oder%20Heer%20geschehen,%20sondern%20durch%20meinen%20Geist%20-%20Putins%20Ende%20(kein%20Atomkrieg).pdf", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-1ccu76c", "heading": "Strategien gegen Angst: Moralische Überlegenheit statt militärischer Gewalt?", "content": "Das Dokument plädiert für eine geistliche Strategie, um Putins Drohungen mit Angst und moralischer Überlegenheit zu begegnen und warnt vor militärischer Gewalt.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Welche Argumente werden im Text gegen militärische Gewalt vorgebracht?\n2. Was bedeutet „moralische Überlegenheit“ in diesem Zusammenhang?\n3. Diskutiert: Ist eine geistliche Strategie im Angesicht von Krieg und Gewalt realistisch? Welche Chancen und Grenzen hat sie?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die ethische Urteilsfähigkeit und die Auseinandersetzung mit verschiedenen Konfliktlösungsstrategien. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, die ethischen Aspekte von Krieg und Frieden zu reflektieren und die Bedeutung von Gewaltfreiheit zu diskutieren.", "url": "https://solus-christus.portacaeli.de/Export/LinkedDocuments/Es%20soll%20nicht%20durch%20Kraft%20oder%20Heer%20geschehen,%20sondern%20durch%20meinen%20Geist%20-%20Putins%20Ende%20(kein%20Atomkrieg).pdf", "inactive": false } ] }, { "id": "id-1748929970477-dbcr3yw", "name": "Einstieg", "color": "color-gradient-1", "cards": [] }, { "id": "id-1748929970477-vfatuvu", "name": "Erkundung", "color": "color-gradient-2", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-0hgtmbu", "heading": "Empathie entwickeln: Perspektivwechsel", "content": "Die Gebetspostkarten richten sich an ukrainische Geflüchtete, Haupt- und Ehrenamtliche in der Flüchtlingshilfe, Mitarbeitende in Kirche und Diakonie sowie Pastorinnen und Pastoren.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Versetzt euch in die Lage eines ukrainischen Geflüchteten:\n * Welche Sorgen und Ängste hättet ihr?\n * Was würde euch Halt und Trost geben?\n2. Diskutiert: Wie können wir als Jugendliche Geflüchteten helfen und sie unterstützen?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die Empathiefähigkeit und die Bereitschaft zum Handeln. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, die Perspektive anderer Menschen einzunehmen und konkrete Möglichkeiten der Unterstützung zu entwickeln.", "url": "https://www.ekd.de/gebetspostkarten-fuer-ukrainische-gefluechtete-75156.htm", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-6c4g37v", "heading": "Analyse der Gebetstexte: Klage und Segen", "content": "Die EKD bietet Gebetspostkarten für ukrainische Geflüchtete an, die ein Klagegebet sowie einen Segen und Zuspruch enthalten.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Recherchiert: Sind die Gebetskarten online verfügbar? (Hinweis: Oftmals sind solche Materialien als PDF zum Download auf der Seite der EKD oder anderer kirchlicher Stellen zu finden). \n2. Analysiert die Texte des Klagegebets und des Segens:\n * Welche Gefühle und Bedürfnisse werden in den Gebeten ausgedrückt?\n * Welche Bilder und Symbole werden verwendet?\n * Inwiefern spiegeln die Gebete die Situation der Geflüchteten wider?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Bedeutung haben Klage und Segen in Krisenzeiten?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die Textanalysekompetenz und die Auseinandersetzung mit religiösen Ausdrucksformen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, die emotionalen und spirituellen Bedürfnisse von Menschen in Notlagen zu verstehen.", "url": "https://www.ekd.de/gebetspostkarten-fuer-ukrainische-gefluechtete-75156.htm", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-e1iysfj", "heading": "Die Kirchen: Ökumene und religiöse Begründung des Krieges", "content": "Der Artikel beleuchtet die Rolle der Kirchen im Ukraine-Krieg, insbesondere die Haltung des russisch-orthodoxen Patriarchen Kyrill I.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Welche Rolle spielt Patriarch Kyrill I. im Ukraine-Krieg?\n2. Inwiefern liefert er pseudo-religiöse Begründungen für den Krieg?\n3. Diskutiert: Dürfen religiöse Führer Kriege rechtfertigen? Welche Verantwortung haben religiöse Institutionen in Konflikten?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit der Rolle von Religion in Konflikten. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, religiöse Aussagen kritisch zu hinterfragen und die Verantwortung religiöser Institutionen zu reflektieren.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-rubfx75", "heading": "Linksammlung sichten und Schwerpunkte setzen", "content": "Diese Seite ist eine Sammlung von Links, Materialien und Literaturtipps zum Thema Krieg und Frieden, insbesondere im Kontext der aktuellen Konflikte in der Ukraine und Israel.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Sichtet die verschiedenen Kategorien und Angebote auf der Seite.\n2. Welche Bereiche erscheinen euch besonders relevant für die Fragestellung: Rolle religiöser Institutionen und Akteure im Ukraine-Krieg?\n3. Wählt 2-3 Links aus, die ihr genauer erkunden möchtet. Begründet eure Wahl.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich gut für die Erkundungsphase. Er fördert die Fähigkeit zur Informationsrecherche und -bewertung. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, sich in einem umfangreichen Angebot zu orientieren und relevante Materialien auszuwählen.", "url": "https://irp-freiburg.de/service/materialien-zu-krieg-und-frieden/", "inactive": false } ] }, { "id": "id-1748929970477-4kjy2y0", "name": "Erarbeitung", "color": "color-gradient-3", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-7wtnefd", "heading": "Analyse der Kriegslügen und der nationalen Identität", "content": "Der Artikel thematisiert die russische Kriegslüge, dass die Ukraine eigentlich gar nicht existiere und die Stärkung der nationalen Identität der Ukrainer durch den Krieg.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Was bedeutet die Aussage, dass die größte russische Kriegslüge in den ersten Kriegstagen verpufft ist?\n2. Wie hat der Krieg die nationale Identität der Ukrainer beeinflusst?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Rolle spielen Lügen und Propaganda in Kriegen? Nennt Beispiele aus anderen Konflikten.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die Medienkompetenz und die Fähigkeit zur kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit Informationen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, Propaganda zu erkennen und die Bedeutung von nationaler Identität in Konflikten zu verstehen.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-xknl2vk", "heading": "Kreativer Zugang: Psalmwerkstatt", "content": "Die Schülerinnen setzen sich kreativ (z.B. durch das Malen von Bildern, Standbildern, Kneten von Figuren, Gestalten mit Lego oder Playmobil Figuren) mit Psalmversen auseinander und reflektieren ihre Ergebnisse in Kleingruppen (Psalmwerkstatt).\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Wählt einen Psalmvers aus, der euch besonders anspricht (z.B. Ps 13,2-3; Ps 17, 11-12; Ps 21,9-10; Ps 54,5; Ps 59,7). \n2. Gestaltet diesen Vers mit verschiedenen Materialien (Farben, Knete, Lego, Playmobil etc.).\n3. Präsentiert eure Ergebnisse in Kleingruppen und erklärt, was ihr darstellen wolltet.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich gut für die Einstiegsphase. Er ermöglicht einen kreativen und spielerischen Zugang zum Thema und fördert die emotionale Auseinandersetzung mit den Psalmtexten. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler können ihre Gefühle und Gedanken nonverbal ausdrücken.", "url": "https://www.lehrer-online.de/unterricht/sekundarstufen/geisteswissenschaften/politik-sowi/artikel/fa/fluchterfahren-lehrmaterial-zu-flucht-migration-und-ankommen/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-77qk4kt", "heading": "Eigene Klagepsalmen verfassen: Ausdruck der eigenen Gefühle", "content": "Die Schülerinnen schreiben eigene Klagepsalmen, um ihre Nöte, Ängste etc. in Worte zu fassen. Dafür bekommen sie eine Mappe mit einem Psalmenbuch, in das sie eigene Psalmen schreiben können. Sie können sich an den Elementen von Klagepsalmen orientieren, aber auch nur manche Elemente benutzen und sie in eine für sich passende Reihenfolge bringen.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Ausdrucksfähigkeit und die Auseinandersetzung mit den eigenen Gefühlen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, ihre Emotionen in Worte zu fassen und sich mit ihren Ängsten und Sorgen auseinanderzusetzen. Beispielhafte Aufgabe: Gebt den Schülerinnen eine Strukturierungshilfe mit den Elementen von Klagepsalmen und lasst sie einen eigenen Psalm verfassen, der sich auf die aktuelle Situation in der Ukraine oder andere Gewalterfahrungen bezieht.", "url": "https://www.lehrer-online.de/unterricht/sekundarstufen/geisteswissenschaften/politik-sowi/artikel/fa/fluchterfahren-lehrmaterial-zu-flucht-migration-und-ankommen/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-uwxq0or", "heading": "Psalm-Elemente analysieren: Puzzlearbeit", "content": "Die Schülerinnen arbeiten an den verschiedenen Elementen eines Psalms (Anrede/Hilferuf – Klage – Vertrauensäußerung/Erinnerung an erfahrene Hilfe – Bitte – Lob/neue Hoffnung).", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungsphase. Er fördert die analytische Kompetenz und das Textverständnis. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, die Struktur von Klagepsalmen zu erkennen und die Bedeutung der einzelnen Elemente zu verstehen. Beispielhafte Aufgabe: Zerschneidet einen Klagepsalm in einzelne Verse oder Satzteile. Die Schülerinnen ordnen die Teile den verschiedenen Elementen zu und begründen ihre Entscheidung.", "url": "https://www.lehrer-online.de/unterricht/sekundarstufen/geisteswissenschaften/politik-sowi/artikel/fa/fluchterfahren-lehrmaterial-zu-flucht-migration-und-ankommen/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-1scyjhb", "heading": "Deutschland: Zeitenwende und Pazifismus", "content": "Der Artikel thematisiert die \"Zeitenwende\" in Deutschland und die veränderte Haltung zu Waffenlieferungen und militärischer Unterstützung.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Was bedeutet die \"Zeitenwende\" in Bezug auf die deutsche Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik?\n2. Wie hat sich die Haltung der deutschen Bevölkerung zu Waffenlieferungen an die Ukraine verändert?\n3. Diskutiert: Ist Waffenlieferung ein Beitrag zum Frieden? Welche ethischen Argumente gibt es für und gegen Waffenlieferungen?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit aktuellen politischen Fragen und ethischen Dilemmata. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, verschiedene Positionen zu verstehen und ihre eigene Meinung zu bilden.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false } ] }, { "id": "id-1749306663326-2qyx4bh", "name": "Vertiefung", "color": "color-gradient-4", "cards": [ { "id": "id-1749306532701-ifcnizf", "heading": "Gebet als Ausdruck von Solidarität", "content": "Die Gebetspostkarten sind zweisprachig (Ukrainisch und Deutsch), um gemeinsames Gebet zu ermöglichen.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Diskutiert: Welche Bedeutung hat Gebet in verschiedenen Religionen und Kulturen?\n2. Inwiefern kann Gebet ein Ausdruck von Solidarität sein?\n3. Formuliert eigene Gebete oder Fürbitten für die Menschen in der Ukraine.", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die interreligiöse Kompetenz und die Auseinandersetzung mit der Bedeutung von Gebet und Spiritualität. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, Gebet als Ausdruck von Verbundenheit und Mitgefühl zu verstehen.", "url": "https://www.ekd.de/gebetspostkarten-fuer-ukrainische-gefluechtete-75156.htm", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-kci172u", "heading": "Nächstenliebe und globale Solidarität: Christliche Werte im Konflikt", "content": "Das Dokument fordert globale Solidarität und Nächstenliebe im Kontext des Ukraine-Krieges.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Inwiefern sind Nächstenliebe und Solidarität christliche Werte?\n2. Wie können diese Werte im Konflikt mit Russland konkret gelebt werden?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Verantwortung haben Christinnen und Christen in Kriegszeiten?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit christlichen Werten und deren Bedeutung für das Handeln in der Welt. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, ihre eigene Verantwortung als Christinnen und Christen in Konfliktsituationen zu reflektieren.", "url": "https://solus-christus.portacaeli.de/Export/LinkedDocuments/Es%20soll%20nicht%20durch%20Kraft%20oder%20Heer%20geschehen,%20sondern%20durch%20meinen%20Geist%20-%20Putins%20Ende%20(kein%20Atomkrieg).pdf", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-utjyeix", "heading": "Russland: Machtsystem und Moral", "content": "Der Artikel beschreibt, wie sich Russland zu einer Diktatur entwickelt hat und wie das Machtsystem Putins wankt.\n\nAufgabe:\n\n1. Welche Beispiele werden im Artikel genannt, um die Entwicklung Russlands zu einer Diktatur zu belegen?\n2. Inwiefern wankt das Machtsystem Putins?\n3. Diskutiert: Welche Rolle spielen moralische Werte in der Politik? Welche Konsequenzen hat es, wenn diese Werte verletzt werden?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die politische Urteilsfähigkeit und die Auseinandersetzung mit ethischen Fragen. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, politische Systeme zu analysieren und die Bedeutung von Moral in der Politik zu reflektieren.", "url": "https://www.pro-medienmagazin.de/500-tage-krieg-die-welt-ist-eine-andere/", "inactive": false }, { "id": "id-1749306532701-34ytvcy", "heading": "Klare Kante gegen Antisemitismus: Eine Analyse", "content": "Die Seite verweist auf einen Artikel zum Thema Antisemitismus im Kontext aktueller Konflikte:\nKlare Kante gegen Antisemitismus: irp.aktuell 25\n\nAufgabe:*\n\n1. Lest den verlinkten Artikel.\n2. Welche Formen von Antisemitismus werden im Zusammenhang mit dem Nahostkonflikt thematisiert?\n3. Inwiefern ist das Thema Antisemitismus auch im Kontext des Ukraine-Krieges relevant?", "color": "color-gradient-1", "thumbnail": "", "comments": "Dieser Baustein eignet sich für die Erarbeitungs- oder Vertiefungsphase. Er fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit einem komplexen Thema und sensibilisiert für die Gefahren von Antisemitismus. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen, verschiedene Perspektiven einzunehmen und Zusammenhänge zu erkennen.", "url": "https://irp-freiburg.de/service/materialien-zu-krieg-und-frieden/detail/nachricht/id/195407-klare-kante-gegen-antisemitismus-irp-aktuell-25/?cb-id=12356664", "inactive": false } ] } ], "aiConfig": { "provider": "", "apiKey": "", "model": "", "baseUrl": "" }, "exportDate": "2025-06-12T09:01:28.847Z", "nostrEvent": true }

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Money Supply Measurement

What if we measured money supply measured by probability of being spent -- or how near it is to the point in which it is spent? bonds could be money if they're treated as that by their owners, but they are likely to be not near the spendpoint as cash, other assets can also be considered money but they might be even farther.

@ 8814ec9e:32454dd9

As the story goes, when Ben Franklin was leaving the Constitutional Convention in 1787, he was approached by a woman who asked him what form of government he and the other delegates to the convention had created. His response was, "A republic, madam, if you can keep it."

His words not only correct those who would mistakenly call the United States a democracy, but they press home the responsibility of every citizen to safeguard this constitutional republic from being taken over by tyrants who would pervert it to their own benefit.

Behind the text of this design is a distressed and tattered version of the original "Betsy Ross" flag of the thirteen colonies, representing just how tattered the original ideal of our republic has become. We have not done the best job of heeding Franklin's admonition to "keep it."

To order one for yourself, go to: It's a Republic T-Shirt on Shopstr

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Product Details

• Most colors are 100% cotton

• Heather colors are 50/50 cotton and polyester.

• Unisex sizing available in S-4XL

• Fabric weight: 5.0–5.3 oz/yd² (170–180 g/m²)

• Pre-shrunk jersey knit

• Tubular construction

• Taped neck and shoulders

• Double seam at sleeves and bottom hem

• Tear-away tag

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

How being "flexible" can bloat a protocol

(A somewhat absurd example, but you'll get the idea)

Iimagine some client decides to add support for a variant of nip05 that checks for values at /.well-known/nostr.yaml besides /.well-known/nostr.json. "Why not?", they think, "I like YAML more than JSON, this can't hurt anyone".

Then some user makes a nip05 file in YAML and it will work on that client, they will think their file is good since it works on that client. When the user sees that other clients are not recognizing their YAML file, they will complain to the other client developers: "Hey, your client is broken, it is not supporting my YAML file!".

The developer of the other client, astonished, replies: "Oh, I am sorry, I didn't know that was part of the nip05 spec!"

The user, thinking it is doing a good thing, replies: "I don't know, but it works on this other client here, see?"

Now the other client adds support. The cycle repeats now with more users making YAML files, more and more clients adding YAML support, for fear of providing a client that is incomplete or provides bad user experience.

The end result of this is that now nip05 extra-officially requires support for both JSON and YAML files. Every client must now check for /.well-known/nostr.yaml too besides just /.well-known/nostr.json, because a user's key could be in either of these. A lot of work was wasted for nothing. And now, going forward, any new clients will require the double of work than before to implement.

@ e9d7ed6f:f52b3346

Bitcoin is not for everyone but open for everyone. As a teenager, Bitcoin has already seen massive sprout growth surpassing Amazon's market value, becoming the fifth most valuable asset in the world and aiming to surpass gold that has been around us for the last 5,000 years. According to coinworld, Bitcoin trails only behind Apple, Microsoft, NVIDIA and ofcourse the shinny yellow metal of antiquity, gold in terms of market capitalization. Its clear to see the hormones are firing. Institutional adoption, regulation clarity, geopolitics, inflation are all fueling speedy growth and adoption for Bitcoin around the world.

As we witness this unprecedented speedy growth of Bitcoin, the decentralized network of consensus, nodes and mining power, toes are reaching the ceiling of the shoe. Most countries are on a Bitcoin rush hour either making Bitcoin legel tender, crafting regulatory policies, establishing strategic reserves, Bitcoin ETFs, Bitcoin educational programs and developing smart contracts. Bitcoin is indeed decentralized, dusting off the old double spending centralized ledger, transfoming the way we appoach finance.

In the midst of all this Bitcoin fuss, one may wonder, what's Malawi's position on Bitcoin? Where does Malawi place Bitcoin? What's the state of affairs for Bitcoin and Crypto currencies in Malawi? Is Malawi noticing the trends, is the sky any orange? Are there any Bitcoiners, miners, nodes? Can Malawi place itself in a position to benefit from this Bitcoin phenomenon? Do we have any free energy resources to utilize for Bitcoin mining, policy framework, regulation and make it actually legal tender? Is there even any interest in Bitcoin at all in Malawi?.

The state of affairs for Bitcoin in Malawi is as bright and promising however, its going to take a shovel, digging and getting dirty. In a nutshell, lets have a litmus test, exploring a brief historical background of Bitcoin in Malawi, Bitcoinboma organization & education, Women of Satoshi initiative & ofcourse, Malawi catch Bitcoin if you can. There maybe other unofficial record to the specific historical background of Bitcoin and Crypto currencies in Malawi that as of the time of writing are missed. Reach out, feed me in comments or reach out via my Twitter (X) handle @pacharo_w

1. Historical background of Bitcoin As Bitcoin is heading for the economic throne, the Malawian Kwacha continues to dwindle down the tunnel. Purchasing power seems to slip and fall on the muddy economic road to a point where a basic necessity, sugar has hit a record high price of MWK 5,000.00. The prices are the sponge soaking all the excess printing of the currency generated by commercial banks and our central bank which by the way is the guardan of the Malawian kwacha. Speaking of the lender of last resort, a report by Miriam Banire on Crypto adoption around the world: Malawi stated Reserve Bank made it clear that cryptocurrencies are not considered legal tender and their use remains illegal.

The report further highlighted by stating, " RBM bears the exclusive mandate to issue legal tender, thus, bank notes and coins in Malawi, and to date, has not issued any form of cryptocurrency. The general public is encouraged to fully understand and be aware of the risks associated with the use of cryptocurrencies and similar online trading schemes, which include money laundering, vulnerability to cybercrimes, hacking and other fraudulent activities.” A statement from the former Governor of RBM, Dr. Dalitso Kabambe.

In the light of this, 2022 seems to be the official opening entry of Bitcoin and all crypto currency discussions in Malawi. Bitcoin was treated as just any other cryptocurrency and assumably needing a more careful approach to it. A strong emphasis that the RBM bears exclusive rights to issue legal tender currency in form of notes and coins drew a clear line, underlining risks such as fraudulent schemes, money laundering and cybercrimes if not monitored or regulated by the central bank.

In 2023, the same report stated that RBM was aware of cryptocurrency trade activities and there was mounting pressure from organizations such as ICT Association of Malawi as well as Economic Association of Malawi on formulating a regulatory policy and giving a clear stand on legal status for cryptocurrencies. The secretary of RBM and general counsel mentioned in further development in the report of engaging verious stakeholders in crypto regulation and having a neutral stand.

This implies that the governments position is still not yet clear and not known on where it stands on all this. However, they are aware and their attention is undivided.

Malawi is also a member of the World Economic Forum. An international independent egency that aims at improving the state of the world by involving the business communities, governments and institutions in crafting policies, guidelines and really put in effect agendas seeming fiting for a cause. Does it sound like Malawi perhaps may have been trying to explore its first Central Banking Digital currency?

WEF clearly advocates for a cashless society and has pushed for central banks in its membership to craft a Central Banking Digital Currency. As word on the corner travels so fast, Malawi seems to have called for consultations for a CBDC which its prototype patent is called the 'e-kwacha.' A digital currency that will be issued by the state, perhaps that will also go side to side with the physical notes of the Kwacha.

Progress of this project has so far went under the sheets as not much has been heard or speculated but we have our three eyes and three ears open to see the unfoldings of any development.

BITCOINBOMA, EDUCATION AND WOMEN OF SATOSHI

All roads to Bitcoinboma began in 2022, when Malawi including the rest of the world were recovering from aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic which was declared by World Health Organization. By this time a lot of business activities had slowed down, most private sector had been on a lock down and others working remotely.

Demand and supply command lines had drastically dropped. Masks had to be worn in all public places and atmosphere was utterly dry. Physical meetings seemed a challenge, gathering as crowd suddenly was a taboo but as history continually speaks and repeats, such times on the opposite side, opportunites loom for light. Two gentlemen, Nick Twayman and Grant Gombwa were actively sparkling Bitcoin conversations, deliberating Bitcoin and its state in Malawi. They started hosting space talks, engaging with fellow bitcoiners and audiences across the world via on twitter (X).

As if they were men on a mission to the Creature of the Jerky Island to draft a BitcoinBoma bill, it is believed that in 2023, August was the first time a Bitcoin physical Meet up happened in Malawi, right in the heart of the capital city at MHub Area 15, Lilongwe. There were fifteen participants and amongst many things they shared ideas of Bitcoin, state of legality, education and awareness as well as its adoption in Malawi. The aftermath of this meeting encouraged Grant and Nick to develop an idea of an organization. Interestingly, it was the wife of Nick that came up with the name "BitcoinBoma." Perfectly fitting, the name "Boma" stands for "place where people live" also it stands for " Government." Bitcoin being for the people, serves the society, a universal digital currency, the name absolutely placed everything in order fitting the context and representation.

BitcoinBoma was born in August, 2023 and made its first steps by intergrating the themes of social interaction, environmental awareness and economic enpowerment of Malawians. This organization advocates for the use case of Bitcoin as a legal tender currency, offering an altenative along side the Kwacha, seeking framework and acceptance as means of payment for goods and services. Bitcoin finally had a home in Malawi, BitcoinBoma.

Later, Ian Foster, a chartered accountant, economist, business analyst and ofcourse a Bitcoin maxi teamed up with the cofounders of BitcoinBoma and went together for a Bitcoin voyage conference in South Africa towards the end of 2023. After this conference, he later joined Bitcoinboma & also highlited his personal efforts of engaging Malawi government on the Bitcoin course which amongst other things included negotiating with the government of Malawi, through the Ministry of energy resources and Mining. He proposed an opportunity to utilize the water energy which powers the electric hydro-power plant grid that powers and generates electricity for Malawi. In the proposal, the abstract was utilizing and boostering efficiency of generating electricity through Bitcoin mining.

Later in May, 2024 BitcoinBoma collaborated with Trezor academy to host their first Bitcoin Education seminar and it happened in the month of July, 2024. They were 12 participants who completed a 3 day seminar series, scooping certificates of attendance, crafting cyberhornets of Bitcoin to preach the gospel of Bitcoin to the masses. These efforts proved a success and opened the door of an opportunity to embark on the first BitcoinBoma Diploma education journey. Towards the year end of 2024, BitcoinbBoma successfully launched the Bitcoin Diploma education campaign and registered its first Cohort students to embark on an education program.

November 16th, 2024 was a special day. It was packed like its a chrismas day where all relatives are sitting and laughing on a round table. BitcoinBoma hosted a Bitcoin 101 session with a special guest who later has become an incredible pillar of strength in BitcoinBoma. Talking of electrical Engeenier a Bitcoin powerhouse, vastly experienced, some grey hair we were privileged to meet and have Olev Maimets, all the way from Canada. He detailed the significance of Bitcoin, why Bitcoin and how his life has changed by embarking on Bitcoin. To this day, Olev is an anchor, a tutor, an aid and alley of BitcoinBoma.

Later, Ian travelled to El- Salvador, where his mission was to raise awareness and apply for BitcoinBoma to be a Mi Primer Bitcoin node and on 5th January, 2025 Bitcoinboma took its first step embarking on its first education program.

On the February 12, 2025 BitcoinBoma received an upvote representation of 56 votes to become a light node.

As history of BitcoinBoma continued to unfold, a new alley emerged from the shores of the fresh waters of Malawi. A briliant, creative and passionate Doctor and a junior Bitcoin protocal developer who cofounded a cooperative initiative called Women of Satoshi.

WOMEN OF SATOSHI This young ambitious professional doctor and junior Bitcoin developer by the name of Yankho Ngoleka took advantage of his challenging profession and made it to an opportunity by concretrating on how marginalized and vulnerable young women and women can build from scratch using an idea known as 'Sats Mkhonde.' The idea loiters a common traditional women's' Bank m'mKhonde, where women can form a cooperative and loan each other currency to support their existing business and pay it back after a given period of time for others to access. ' The name is an imagery that means, ' the Bank is within the veranda' so to say, ' the Bank is close to you.'

Earlier, it was highlighted how small scale businesses are really the skeleton of Malawi's economy. One of their major draw back is how FIAT currencies wash off the purchasing power for their gains in the small businesses they run. In the long run if these business erode with hyperinflation, then chances are they wont survive. Absence of these businesses means a cut in business supply chains, collapse of production and destruction of a family unit.

How can these businesses be recession proof? Women of Satoshi has a unique answer. If these businesses have access and adopt Bitcoin as altenative digital currency portfolio then it stretches the life span of their investment and savings. Bitcoin is a store of value and fares well with time. Women of Satoshi aims to educate and let women pioner 'Sats Mkhonde' initiative which will be a cataylst in creating a Bitcoin circular economy. As BitcoinBitcoinboma picked its perks, it partnered together with Women of satoshi and shared together the vision of awareness and education for Bitcoin in Malawi. In the months of March- April of 2025, BitcoinBoma and Women of Satoshi collaborated with Trezor Academy for a Bitcoin seminar at MUBAS ( Malawi University of Business Applied Science) which was a success.

MALAWI CATCH BITCOIN IF YOU CAN

When there's a dead rat in the ceiling, no matter how you clean the house, the cent of it will keep you outside the house. When you have a currency plundered by catastrophic loss of purchasing power, it will keep you out of reach for prosperity.

There is a lot of mirage on the state of affairs of the Kwacha. It seems the more we use it as a medium of exchange and store of value, the greater it plunges. The rate of its velocity seems to concur to the speed of light and prices are soaring to the point they can break the dome. The underwhelming performance of the Kwacha places every citizen on blink of loss, financial paralysis, uncertainty and instability of the nation.

There are a lot of schools of thoughts, we have brilliant economists, well grounded institutions that act as an eye and they have solid data with all the charts in place. As of writing, trading economists, reports an exchange rate rise of MWK 1,734/1 USD recording a 0.02% increase as of 10th June, 2025. In contrast, the Kwacha performed lower last month giving a 0.02% & a lower turnover of 0.03% from the previous twelve months check

On the opposite side, the reality speaks a different language. Regardless of the slight gain, prices of commodities which are an indicator to the purchasing power of the currency continue to climb up. Every commodity seems to react with any speculation, rumor mill, geopolitics and ofcourse trends with the US Dollar, cases of both white market (Bank rate) & black market(Unregulated US Dollar market rate).

Fuel availability is also one catalyst that sets the wildest fires of price hikes. Just a slight hint of fuel shortage, sets ablaze prices of every commodity leaving a wallet only ashes and dust. A fuel shortage can get the price of fuel at MWK 10,000 or above per litre as compared to the official pump price of MWK 2,530 for Petrol and MWK 2,734 for diseal as of writing. According to statista, Malawi has one of the highest, in fact the first country on the list for the highest gasoline prices.

Confidence & purchasing power of the Kwacha is extremely reliant towards availability of US Dollar. What institutions of trust miss as guardians of the Kwacha is we legitimize the Kwacha to another collapsing currency, the US dollar. The dollar standard since 1971 has never mantained any purchasing power. It has in fact failed to keep its grip as a store of value as time can attest its stability and strength. This is the case with all FIAT currencies throughout history. Price inflation of commodities has always signalled a weak currency due to over excessive printing, government deficit spending for social programs, ever ending construction works, social cash transfers amongst other things. Whenever, the money supply is tampered with, a loss in the purchasing power is inevitable. The institutions we trust to save guard the purchasing power of the currency fail to uphold the principle and never mention or question the money supply problem. They chose shortcuts that bypass the natural principles of free markets.

This is like keeping a dead rat in a home, if you can't locate it, the smell will choke the nostrils.If we are to reverse the situation, we need to fix our home by addressing the problem of this dead rat. A deep search, proper cleaning utensils and some odor deodorant should aid the cleaning process. Malawi should properly position itself on the stand of legalizing use of Bitcoin and handling FIAT currencies. The fate of the Malawian Kwacha is sealed and will continue to dwindle, losing its purchasing power as currency supply is never ending always fuelled by excessive spending and debt by the governmentt. This where Malawi must Catch Bitcoin if it can.

Loss of purchasing power and currency debasements are an ever ending circus. Excessive spending is a key feature for governments and when future prosperity is spent presently disasters looming in the future are always unavoidable. So how can Malawi avoid such catastrophes?

Allowing Bitcoin side with the Malawian Kwacha, it can combat forex challenges. Bitcoin doesn't have an exchange rate. It is 'the money itself.' It has a use case backed by computational power, network and cryptographic intergrated security. Nations can use Bitcoin to exchange value and communicate bilateral agreements without holding each others currencies to facilitate trade. There's no risking sabotaging the whole nation using primarily one instrument and medium of exchange. Bitcoin can allow Malawi to engage and exchange value, talents, resources and boom emerging markets with Bitcoin provided a framework is put in place to support Bitcoin. Using Bitcoin, will bypass almost all barriers to access international goods as well as export locally made goods to other countries.

Again, Bitcoin offers an altenative to the currency. No forex? No currency printer? Well, no problem, we have a stable altenative that can be used and still have access to international market. The 'one option only' conveys to limitation. Malawi markets are very vibrant, possibilities are limitless. We have producers who produce more and consume less. The pieces all collapse if there's one firm point holding the entire financial infrastructure. So if the dollar collapses, the Kwacha must follow trend. As all FIAT are nothing but IOUs, backed by the faith, trust and realiance of government. When the government seizures, the currency will follow too. Alternatively, this is not the case with Bitcoin. Built in scarcity and difficulty adjustment in its release, it keeps its inflation in check, having an equilibrium supply and creating more demand that brings about stability in the free market.

Truth is majority of the citizens panic and worry of faith in the Malawian kwacha. Everyone complains of high costs of living, that the wage isn't as good and fails to uphold coverage for a family. Adding a side hustle, two or three jobs and shifts, lending capital to farm all as a thousand ways to invade inflation. As prices will forever continue to sore, the market also keeps an eye and Grasham's Law always takes effect. (Grashams Law, Bad money drives out good money). The MWK 20.00 Malawian currency note could buy some candy back in the days. If we stretch this further it was a wage in the 1930''s to 60's. Today a MWK 20 note barely affords to make any purchase. At face value its useless on market, just a paper and a number on it. Some merchants don't accept it, being the weakest link and can't really purchase anything of value although it still has legal status and backed by government. The government through Reserve Bank of Malawi cautioned its citizenry that the MWK 20 note is still legal tender and must be accepted and used and warned those merchants refusing may face the law.

Well i hope i won't face the law with this.

Bitcoin may be the answer to questions majority of small scale businesses have who, constantly question legitimacy and fragility of the Kwacha. Price shocks ultimately dilute the little gains these businesses make, sending them back to the drawing board with really no insurance, surplus capital or compensation for the flooding Kwacha. Inflation of Kwacha undermines the capital power of these businesses and yet they are the skeleton that hold the muscle of the economy. Many of these are local vendors who tirelessly roam around in the urban city and rural areas, small shops also called 'Okala' who at many times order goods from other retail and wholesaler shops. When price shocks happen, their tables scatter and really have no choice but to also raise their prices. It gets to the point that at times one may not know how much they are they going sell their goods or what price is one going to buy.

On the other hand, Bitcoin which has proven time and again to be stable could protect, insure these businesses against these catastrophes. The deflationary measure can help a portion of their business capital be insured in the form of savings.

Bitcoin doesn't have a price and can't be measured to a collapsing currency to determine its value. The underlining statement is 1 Satoshi will always equal to 1 Satoshi, 1 BTC will always equal to 1 BTC. A digital currency with such a store of value feature in its feathers can really be an altenative, a reliable economic container, storing value for a really long time and can safely land any small business enterprise on a flying wheel.

So whats next... Let me wrap up by sharing an amazing experience i had with the students i teach at my school. Am huge fan of football & its encouraging to see young girls play soccer. At my school, on this particular day, i had fun seeing and cheering them play for a prize and they absolutely went nuts and loved it.

I offered them MWK 10,000 prize, about 5,280 Sats, $5.77 as of writing & the winners took it all. I know one day they will get to understand Bitcoin and why, they will also accept Bitcoin as payment.

One day they will have their football kits labelled Bitcoin and own Bitcoin branded football boots and balls. If you think this is a great idea, share, express your views and suggestions in the comments, I'd be so excited to hear them.

Am also a developing roockie blogger, you can rate my pen skills and give any meaningful suggestions.

Sources:

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Token-Curated Registries

So you want to build a TCR?

TCRs (Token Curated Registries) are a construct for maintaining registries on Ethereum. Imagine you have lots of scissor brands and you want a list with only the good scissors. You want to make sure only the good scissors make into that list and not the bad scissors. For that, people will tell you, you can just create a TCR of the best scissors!

It works like this: some people have the token, let's call it Scissor Token. Some other person, let's say it's a scissor manufacturer, wants to put his scissor on the list, this guy must acquire some Scissor Tokens and "stake" it. Holders of the Scissor Tokens are allowed to vote on "yes" or "no". If "no", the manufactures loses his tokens to the holders, if "yes" then its tokens are kept in deposit, but his scissor brand gets accepted into the registry.

Such a simple process, they say, have strong incentives for being the best possible way of curating a registry of scissors: consumers have the incentive to consult the list because of its high quality; manufacturers have the incentive to buy tokens and apply to join the list because the list is so well-curated and consumers always consult it; token holders want the registry to accept good and reject bad scissors because that good decisions will make the list good for consumers and thus their tokens more valuable, bad decisions will do the contrary. It doesn't make sense, to reject everybody just to grab their tokens, because that would create an incentive against people trying to enter the list.

Amazing! How come such a simple system of voting has such enourmous features? Now we can have lists of everything so well-curated, and for that we just need Ethereum tokens!

Now let's imagine a different proposal, of my own creation: SPCR, Single-person curated registries.

Single-person Curated Registries are equal to TCR, except they don't use Ethereum tokens, it's just a list in a text file kept by a single person. People can apply to join, and they will have to give the single person some amount of money, the single person can reject or accept the proposal and so on.

Now let's look at the incentives of SPCR: people will want to consult the registry because it is so well curated; vendors will want to enter the registry because people are consulting it; the single person will want to accept the good and reject the bad applicants because these good decisions are what will make the list valuable.

Amazing! How such a single proposal has such enourmous features! SPCR are going to take over the internet!

What TCR enthusiasts get wrong?

TCR people think they can just list a set of incentives for something to work and assume that something will work. Mix that with Ethereum hype and they think theyve found something unique and revolutionary, while in fact they're just making a poor implementation of "democracy" systems that fail almost everywhere.

The life is not about listing a set of "incentives" and then considering the problems solved. Almost everybody on the Earth has the incentive for being rich: being rich has a lot of advantages over being poor, however not all people get rich! Why are the incentives failing?

Curating lists is a hard problem, it involves a lot of knowledge about the problem that just holding a token won't give you, it involves personal preferences, politics, it involves knowing where is the real limit between "good" and "bad". The Single Person list may have a good result if the single person doing the curation is knowledgeable and honest (yes, you can game the system to accept your uncle's scissors and not their competitor that is much better, for example, without losing the entire list reputation), same thing for TCRs, but it can also fail miserably, and it can appear to be good but be in fact not so good. In all cases, the list entries will reflect the preferences of people choosing and other things that aren't taken into the incentives equation of TCR enthusiasts.

We don't need lists

The most important point to be made, although unrelated to the incentive story, is that we don't need lists. Imagine you're looking for a scissor. You don't want someone to tell if scissor A or B are "good" or "bad", or if A is "better" than B. You want to know if, for your specific situation, or for a class of situations, A will serve well, and do that considering A's price and if A is being sold near you and all that.

Scissors are the worst example ever to make this point, but I hope you get it. If you don't, try imagining the same example with schools, doctors, plumbers, food, whatever.

Recommendation systems are badly needed in our world, and TCRs don't solve these at all.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Personagens de jogos e símbolos

A sensação de "ser" um personagem em um jogo ou uma brincadeira talvez seja o mais próximo que eu tenha conseguido chegar do entendimento de um símbolo religioso.

A hóstia consagrada é, segundo a religião, o corpo de Cristo, mas nossa mente moderna só consegue concebê-la como sendo uma representação do corpo de Cristo. Da mesma forma outras culturas e outras religiões têm símbolos parecidos, inclusive nos quais o próprio participante do ritual faz o papel de um deus ou de qualquer coisa parecida.

"Faz o papel" é de novo a interpretação da mente moderna. O sujeito ali é a coisa, mas ele ao mesmo tempo que é também sabe que não é, que continua sendo ele mesmo.

Nos jogos de videogame e brincadeiras infantis em que se encarna um personagem o jogador é o personagem. não se diz, entre os jogadores, que alguém está "encenando", mas que ele é e pronto. nem há outra denominação ou outro verbo. No máximo "encarnando", mas já aí já é vocabulário jornalístico feito para facilitar a compreensão de quem está de fora do jogo.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

WelcomeBot

The first bot ever created for Trello.

It invited to a public board automatically anyone who commented on a card he was added to.

• https://github.com/fiatjaf/welcomebot
• https://trello.com/welcomebot

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Sol e Terra

A Terra não gira em torno do Sol. Tudo depende do ponto de referência e não existe um ponto de referência absoluto. Só é melhor dizer que a Terra gira em torno do Sol porque há outros planetas fazendo movimentos análogos e aí fica mais fácil para todo mundo entender os movimentos tomando o Sol como ponto de referência.

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

In a secluded mountain village, where the winds howled like wolves and the earth bore deep scars from ancient quakes, lived a deaf potter named Mazi. The villagers pitied him, not because he was deaf, but because he rarely spoke his silence louder than any thunderstorm that rumbled through their peaks.

Mazi spent his days shaping clay in a modest workshop. He did not hear the mockery of children mimicking his silent gestures. He did not flinch at the villagers who whispered, “He makes pots, but he hears nothing. What could he possibly understand about life?”

But his hands understood.

Each piece Mazi created was a marvel curved like whispers, solid like promises, smooth like forgiveness. His pottery bore no symbols, yet every visitor who touched them felt something stir inside: grief softening, joy surfacing, questions echoing.

One winter, an avalanche trapped the village under ice and silence. The road was blocked. Supplies ran out. Tempers flared. Hope withered.

Then, from the snowy haze, Mazi emerged with a cart stacked not with food or firewood, but with his clay pots.

At first, the villagers laughed. “Will we eat pottery, Mazi?” they jeered.

But when he placed a pot in front of each home, and signed, “Fill these with what matters,” a strange stillness fell.

One by one, families placed letters, tokens, songs, and prayers into the pots. In that quiet act, they began listening not with ears, but with hearts.

Soon, Mazi’s pots became vessels of unity. Messages were passed through them. Water was shared. Stories revived. And slowly, the snow relented.

When spring came, a traveler arrived and asked, “Who saved this village?”

They pointed to the silent potter shaping a new vessel beside a blooming tree.

He heard nothing. Yet his silence had spoken.

Moral: You don’t need to be loud to be heard. In silence, we often find the truest strength and deepest understanding.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

A list of things artificial intelligence is not doing

If AI is so good why can't it:

• write good glue code that wraps a documented HTTP API?
• make good translations using available books and respective published translations?
• extract meaningful and relevant numbers from news articles?
• write mathematical models that fit perfectly to available data better than any human?
• play videogames without cheating (i.e. simulating human vision, attention and click speed)?
• turn pure HTML pages into pretty designs by generating CSS
• predict the weather
• calculate building foundations
• determine stock values of companies from publicly available numbers
• smartly and automatically test software to uncover bugs before releases
• predict sports matches from the ball and the players' movement on the screen
• continuously improve niche/local search indexes based on user input and and reaction to results
• control traffic lights
• predict sports matches from news articles, and teams and players' history

This was posted first on Twitter.

@ 8814ec9e:32454dd9

In general, learning how to properly and safely handle a firearm is very simple. No long manual to study before taking a test. Just remember four easy rules:

1. Treat every gun as though it is loaded at all times.

2. Don't point the muzzle at anything you aren't willing to destroy.

3. Keep your finger off of the trigger until you are ready to fire.

4. Know your target and what is behind, beyond, and around it.

Clearing most malfunctions is just as easy, if not easier. Just tap, rack, bang! So easy, it reminded me of those instructions you often see in public bathrooms for how to wash your hands. If you don't know how without the sign... Well I can't help you.

To order one for yourself, go to: Tap, Rack, Bang T-Shirt on Shopstr

---

Product Details

• Most colors are 100% cotton

• Heather colors are 50/50 cotton and polyester.

• Unisex sizing available in S-4XL

• Fabric weight: 5.0–5.3 oz/yd² (170–180 g/m²)

• Pre-shrunk jersey knit

• Tubular construction

• Taped neck and shoulders

• Double seam at sleeves and bottom hem

• Tear-away tag

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Rede Relâmpago

Ao se referir à Lightning Network do O que é Bitcoin?, nós, brasileiros e portugueses, devemos usar o termo "Relâmpago" ou "Rede Relâmpago". "Relâmpago" é uma palavra bonita e apropriada, e fácil de pronunciar por todos os nossos compatriotas. Chega de anglicismos desnecessários.

Exemplo de uma conversa hipotética no Brasil usando esta nomenclatura:

– Posso pagar com Relâmpago?

– Opa, claro! Vou gerar um boleto aqui pra você.

Repare que é bem mais natural e fácil do que a outra alternativa:

– Posso pagar com láitenim?

– Leite ninho?

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

idea: Custom multi-use database app

Since 2015 I have this idea of making one app that could be repurposed into a full-fledged app for all kinds of uses, like powering small businesses accounts and so on. Hackable and open as an Excel file, but more efficient, without the hassle of making tables and also using ids and indexes under the hood so different kinds of things can be related together in various ways.

It is not a concrete thing, just a generic idea that has taken multiple forms along the years and may take others in the future. I've made quite a few attempts at implementing it, but never finished any.

I used to refer to it as a "multidimensional spreadsheet".

Can also be related to DabbleDB.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Reclamações

• Como não houve resposta, estou enviando de novo
• Democracia na América
• A "política" é a arena da vitória do estatismo
• A biblioteca infinita
• Família e propriedade
• Memórias de quando eu aprendi a ler
• A chatura Kelsen
• O VAR é o grande equalizador
• Não tem solução
• A estrutura lógica do livro didático
• "House" dos economistas e o Estado
• Revista Educativa
• Cultura Inglesa e aprendizado extra-escolar
• Veterano não é dono de bixete
• Personagens de jogos e símbolos
• Músicas grudentas e conversas
• Obra aqui do lado
• Propaganda
• Ver Jesus com os olhos da carne
• Processos Antifrágeis
• Cadeias, crimes e cidadãos de bem
• Castas hindus em nova chave
• Método científico
• Xampu
• Thafne venceu o Soletrando 2008.
• Empreendendorismo de boteco
• Problemas com Russell Kirk
• Pequenos problemas que o Estado cria para a sociedade e que não são sempre lembrados

@ 8814ec9e:32454dd9

This design was, of course, inspired by the words of the Second Amendment itself:

\> A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

We've all seen plenty of shirt designs that emphasize the last four words of the amendment, "shall not be infringed," but I wanted to draw attention to a portion that gets little air-time with my design. Private gun ownership is necessary to the security of a free state. It is a key piece of how freedom from tyranny is secured, from tyrants both foreign and domestic.

As a nod to this, I incorporated my own AR-15 into the design. If you ever happen upon me at the range, you just may see me shooting that exact rifle.

To order one for yourself, go to: Necessary to a Free State T-Shirt on Shopstr

---

Product Details

• Most colors are 100% cotton

• Heather colors are 50/50 cotton and polyester.

• Unisex sizing available in S-4XL

• Fabric weight: 5.0–5.3 oz/yd² (170–180 g/m²)

• Pre-shrunk jersey knit

• Tubular construction

• Taped neck and shoulders

• Double seam at sleeves and bottom hem

• Tear-away tag

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

The Lightning Network solves the problem of the decentralized commit

Before reading this, see Ripple and the problem of the decentralized commit.

The Bitcoin Lightning Network can be thought as a system similar to Ripple: there are conditional IOUs (HTLCs) that are sent in "prepare"-like messages across a route, and a secret p that must travel from the final receiver backwards through the route until it reaches the initial sender and possession of that secret serves to prove the payment as well as to make the IOU hold true.

The difference is that if one of the parties don't send the "acknowledge" in time, the other has a trusted third-party with its own clock (that is the clock that is valid for everybody involved) to complain immediately at the timeout: the Bitcoin blockchain. If C has p and B isn't acknowleding it, C tells the Bitcoin blockchain and it will force the transfer of the amount from B to C.

Differences (or 1 upside and 3 downside)

1. The Lightning Network differs from a "pure" Ripple network in that when we send a "prepare" message on the Lightning Network, unlike on a pure Ripple network we're not just promising we will owe something -- instead we are putting the money on the table already for the other to get if we are not responsive.

2. The feature above removes the trust element from the equation. We can now have relationships with people we don't trust, as the Bitcoin blockchain will serve as an automated escrow for our conditional payments and no one will be harmed. Therefore it is much easier to build networks and route payments if you don't always require trust relationships.

3. However it introduces the cost of the capital. A ton of capital must be made available in channels and locked in HTLCs so payments can be routed. This leads to potential issues like the ones described in https://twitter.com/joostjgr/status/1308414364911841281.

4. Another issue that comes with the necessity of using the Bitcoin blockchain as an arbiter is that it may cost a lot in fees -- much more than the value of the payment that is being disputed -- to enforce it on the blockchain.[^closing-channels-for-nothing]

Solutions

Because the downsides listed above are so real and problematic -- and much more so when attacks from malicious peers are taken into account --, some have argued that the Lightning Network must rely on at least some trust between peers, which partly negate the benefit.

The introduction of purely trust-backend channels is the next step in the reasoning: if we are trusting already, why not make channels that don't touch the blockchain and don't require peers to commit large amounts of capital?

The reason is, again, the ambiguity that comes from the problem of the decentralized commit. Therefore hosted channels can be good when trust is required only from one side, like in the final hops of payments, but they cannot work in the middle of routes without eroding trust relationships between peers (however they can be useful if employed as channels between two nodes ran by the same person).

The next solution is a revamped pure Ripple network, one that solves the problem of the decentralized commit in a different way.

[^closing-channels-for-nothing]: That is even true when, for reasons of the payment being so small that it doesn't even deserve an actual HTLC that can be enforced on the chain (as per the protocol), even then the channel between the two nodes will be closed, only to make it very clear that there was a disagreement. Leaving it online would be harmful as one of the peers could repeat the attack again and again. This is a proof that ambiguity, in case of the pure Ripple network, is a very important issue.

@ fc7022f5:e829f309

Hos Derma X guider vi dig professionelt i valget af den rette behandlerbriks til dine behov. Vi gennemgår vigtige faktorer som ergonomi, justeringsmuligheder, materialekvalitet og funktionalitet, så du kan træffe et informeret valg. En god behandlerbriks understøtter både behandlerens arbejdsstilling og klientens komfort. Vores vejledning sikrer, at du investerer i det udstyr, der bedst matcher din klinik og behandlingsform. Få professionel indsigt i, hvordan du vælger den optimale behandlerbriks.

@ 8814ec9e:32454dd9

I'm a big fan of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, if you couldn't tell from this design. Most people who see it assume at first glance that the tree is the white tree of Gondor, and the script font in a circle around it must be the elvish script from the one ring. Only when they take a closer look do they see that the roots of the tree are soaking up blood and that the text is actually a famous quote from Thomas Jefferson.

The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of Patriots and Tyrants.

If the tree also reminds you of the Norse tree of life, Yggdrasil, that is not by coincidence, either. I took inspiration from Norse artwork in this design.

To order one for yourself, go to: Tree of Liberty T-Shirt on Shopstr

---

Product Details

• Most colors are 100% cotton

• Heather colors are 50/50 cotton and polyester.

• Unisex sizing available in S-4XL

• Fabric weight: 5.0–5.3 oz/yd² (170–180 g/m²)

• Pre-shrunk jersey knit

• Tubular construction

• Taped neck and shoulders

• Double seam at sleeves and bottom hem

• Tear-away tag

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

From designer Anna Cairns, the workhorse monospace typeface is rooted in feminist theory.

Across CMM Coda’s subtly imperfect, analogue-inspired letterforms – based on the IBM Selectric typewriter’s typeface, Dual Basic – Anna practically and conceptually brings together the feminist legacy of software and typewriters with the aesthetic sensibilities of the genre associated with the industry. Additionally, CMM Coda enables Anna to explore her intrigue in the blurry terminology used in text production, such as typing, coding and writing, “especially now that most text is created digitally,” Anna says, with typefaces being software in their own right. “We also associate a certain look with each of these modalities,” she continues, “so my idea was to create a typeface that can jump all of these genres simply through a play with white space,” an approach that resulted in CMM Coda’s multiple styles.

Learn more about Comma at https://commatype.com/, a new foundry founded by the Berlin-based type designer Anna Cairns.

Continue reading at https://www.itsnicethat.com/articles/comma-type-cmm-coda-graphic-design-project-110625

https://stacker.news/items/1004142

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Reasons for miners to not steal

See Drivechain for an introduction. Here we'll just have a list of reasons why miners would not steal:

• they will lose future fees from that specific drivechain: you can discount all future fees and condense them into a single present number in order to do some mathematical calculation.
• they may lose future fees from all other Drivechains, if the users assume they will steal from those too.
• Bitcoin will be devalued if they steal, because:
• Bitcoin is worth more if it has Drivechains working, because it is more useful, has more use-cases, more users. Without Drivechains it necessarily has to be worth less.
• Bitcoin has more fee revenue if has Drivechains working, which means it has a bigger chance of surviving going forward and being more censorship-resistant and resistant to State attacks, therefore it has to worth more if Drivechains work and less if they don't.
• Bitcoin is worth more if the public perception is that Bitcoin miners are friendly and doing their work peacefully instead of being a band of revolted peons that are constantly threating to use their 75% hashrate to do evil things such as:
  • double-spending attacks;
  • censoring of transactions for a certain group of people;
  • selfish mining.
• if Bitcoin is devalued its price is bound to fall, meaning that miners will lose on
• their future mining rewards;
• their ASIC investiment;
• the same coins they are trying to steal from the drivechain.
• if a mining pool tries to steal, they will risk losing their individual miners to other pools that don't.
• whenever a steal attempt begins, the coins in the drivechain will lose value (if the steal attempt is credible their price will drop quite substantially), which means that if a coalition of miners really try to steal, there is an incentive for another coalition of miners to buy some devalued coins and then stop the steal.

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Her work explores the intersection of tradition and innovation in wheel-thrown ceramics. Rooted in time-honored techniques, she push the boundaries of clay’s structural possibilities—incorporating hollow tubes, flat rings, curves, and trimmed ridges to create forms that feel both organic and futuristic. These experimental designs challenge gravity and balance, evoking a space-age aesthetic while remaining deeply connected to the tactile nature of craft.

Discover Dara's work at https://www.daraschuman.com/pages/2024

https://stacker.news/items/1004131

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

idea: a website for feedback exchange

I thought a community of people sharing feedback on mutual interests would be a good thing, so as always I broadened and generalized the idea and mixed with my old criticue-inspired idea-feedback project and turned it into a "token". You give feedback on other people's things, they give you a "point". You can then use that point to request feedback from others.

This could be made as an Etleneum contract so these points were exchanged for satoshis using the shitswap contract (yet to be written).

In this case all the Bitcoin/Lightning side of the website must be hidden until the user has properly gone through the usage flow and earned points.

If it was to be built on Etleneum then it needs to emphasize the login/password login method instead of the lnurl-auth method. And then maybe it could be used to push lnurl-auth to normal people, but with a different name.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

bolt12 problems

• clients can't programatically build new offers by changing a path or query params (services like zbd.gg or lnurl-pay.me won't work)
• impossible to use in a load-balanced custodian way -- since offers would have to be pregenerated and tied to a specific lightning node.
• the existence of fiat currency fields makes it so wallets have to fetch exchange rates from somewhere on the internet (or offer a bad user experience), using HTTP which hurts user privacy.
• the vendor field is misleading, can be phished very easily, not as safe as a domain name.
• onion messages are an improvement over fake HTLC-based payments as a way of transmitting data, for sure. but we must decide if they are (i) suitable for transmitting all kinds of data over the internet, a replacement for tor; or (ii) not something that will scale well or on which we can count on for the future. if there was proper incentivization for data transmission it could end up being (i), the holy grail of p2p communication over the internet, but that is a very hard problem to solve and not guaranteed to yield the desired scalability results. since not even hints of attempting to solve that are being made, it's safer to conclude it is (ii).

bolt12 limitations

• not flexible enough. there are some interesting fields defined in the spec, but who gets to add more fields later if necessary? very unclear.
• services can't return any actionable data to the users who paid for something. it's unclear how business can be conducted without an extra communication channel.

bolt12 illusions

• recurring payments is not really solved, it is just a spec that defines intervals. the actual implementation must still be done by each wallet and service. the recurring payment cannot be enforced, the wallet must still initiate the payment. even if the wallet is evil and is willing to initiate a payment without the user knowing it still needs to have funds, channels, be online, connected etc., so it's not as if the services could rely on the payments being delivered in time.
• people seem to think it will enable pushing payments to mobile wallets, which it does not and cannot.
• there is a confusion of contexts: it looks like offers are superior to lnurl-pay, for example, because they don't require domain names. domain names, though, are common and well-established among internet services and stores, because these services have websites, so this is not really an issue. it is an issue, though, for people that want to receive payments in their homes. for these, indeed, bolt12 offers a superior solution -- but at the same time bolt12 seems to be selling itself as a tool for merchants and service providers when it includes and highlights features as recurring payments and refunds.
• the privacy gains for the receiver that are promoted as being part of bolt12 in fact come from a separate proposal, blinded paths, which should work for all normal lightning payments and indeed are a very nice solution. they are (or at least were, and should be) independent from the bolt12 proposal. a separate proposal, which can be (and already is being) used right now, also improves privacy for the receiver very much anway, it's called trampoline routing.

@ 472f440f:5669301e

Marty's Bent

via me

I had a completely different newsletter partially written earlier tonight about whether or not "this cycle is different" when this nagging thought entered my head. So I'm going to write about this and maybe I'll write about the dynamics of this cycle compared to past cycles tomorrow.

A couple of headlines shot across my desk earlier tonight in relation to the potential escalation of kinetic warfare in the Middle East. Apparently the U.S. Embassy in Iraq was sent a warning and evacuation procedures were initiated. Not too long after, the world was made aware that the United States and Israel are contemplating an attack on Iran due to the "fact" that Iran may be close to producing nuclear weapins. The initial monkey brain reaction that I had to these two headlines was, "Oh shit, here we go again. We're going to do something stupid." My second reaction was, "Oh shit, here we go again, I've seen these two exact headlines many times over the years and they've proven to be lackluster if you're a doomer or blood thirsty war monger." Nothing ever happens.

As I venture into my mid-30s and reflect on a life filled with these types of headlines and my personal reactions to these headlines, I'm finally becoming attuned to the fact that the monkey brain reactions aren't very productive at the end of the day. Who knows exactly what's going to happen in Iraq or Iran and whether or not kinetic warfare escalates and materializes from here? Even though I'm a "blue-blooded taxpaying American citizen" who is passively and unwillingly contributing to the war machine and the media industrial complex, there's really nothing I can do about it.

The only thing I can do is focus on what is in front of me. What I have control of. And attempt to leverage what I have control of to make my life and the life of my family as good as humanly possible. Ignoring the external and turning inward often produces incredible results. Instead of worrying about what the media wants you to believe at any given point in time, you simply look away from your computer screen, survey the physical space which you're operating in and determine what you have, what you need and how you can get what you need. This is a much more productive way to spend your time.

This is what I want to touch on right now. There's never been a better time in human history to be productive despite what the algorithm on X or the mainstream media will lead you to believe. Things aren't as great as they could be, but they're also not as bad as you're being led to believe. We live in the Digital Age and the Digital Age provides incredible resources that you can leverage to make YOUR life better.

Social media allows you to create a platform without spending any money. AI allows you to build tools that are beneficial to yourself and others with very little money. And bitcoin exists to provide you with the best form of money that you can save in with the knowledge that your relative ownership of the overall supply isn't going to change. No matter what happens in the external world.

If you can combine these three things to make your life better and - by extension - potentially make the lives of many others better, you're going to be well off in the long run. Combining these three things isn't going to result in immediate gratification, but if you put forth a concerted effort, spend the time, have some semblance of patience, and stick with it, I truly believe that you will benefit massively in the long run. Without trying to sound like a blowhard, I truly believe that this is why I feel relatively calm (despite my monkey brain reactions to the headlines of the day) at this current point in time.

We've entered the era of insane leaps in productivity and digital hard money that cannot be corrupted. The biggest mistake you can make in your life right now is overlooking the confluence of these two things. With an internet connection, an idea, some savvy, and hard work you can materially change your life. Create something that levels up your knowledge, that enables you to get a good job in the real world, or to create a company of your own. Bring your talents to the market, exchange them for money, and then funnel that money into bitcoin (if you're not being paid in it already). We may be at the beginning of a transition from the high velocity trash economy to the high leverage agency economy run on sound money and applied creativity.

These concepts are what you should be focusing most of your time and attention to today and in the years ahead. Don't get distracted by the algorithm, the 30-second video clips, the headlines filled with doom, and the topics of the 24 hour news cycle. I'll admit, I often succumb to them myself. But, as I get older and develop a form of pattern recognition that can only be attained by being on this planet for a certain period of time, it is becoming very clear that those things are not worth your attention.

Living by the heuristic that "nothing ever happens" is a pretty safe bet. Funnily enough, it's incredibly ironic that you're led to believe that something is happening every single day, and yet nothing ever happens. By getting believing that something happens every day you are taking your attention away from doing things that happen to make your life better.

Tune out the noise. Put on the blinders. Take advantage of the incredible opportunities that lie before you. If enough of you - and many others who do not read this newsletter - do this, I truly believe we'll wake up to find that the world we live in is a much better place.

Nothing ever happens, so make something happen.

Intelligence Officials Are Quietly Becoming Bitcoin Believers

Ken Egan, former CIA Deputy Chief of Cyber Operations, revealed a surprising truth on TFTC: the intelligence community harbors numerous Bitcoin advocates. Egan explained that intelligence professionals uniquely understand how governments weaponize financial systems through sanctions and account freezing. Having wielded these tools themselves, they recognize the need for personal financial sovereignty. He shared compelling anecdotes of discovering colleagues with "We are all Satoshi" stickers and a European chief of station paying for dinner with a BlockFi card to earn Bitcoin rewards.

"I think there are a lot of Bitcoiners, not just at CIA, but across the whole national security establishment... they're in it for the exact same reasons everybody else is." - Ken Egan

The Canadian trucker protests served as a pivotal moment, Egan noted. Watching Western governments freeze citizens' bank accounts for political dissent struck a nerve among intelligence professionals who previously viewed financial weaponization as a tool reserved for foreign adversaries. This awakening has created unlikely allies within institutions many Bitcoiners distrust.

Check out the full podcast here for more on Bitcoin's national security implications, privacy tech prosecutions, and legislative priorities.

---

Headlines of the Day

Stripe Buys Crypto Wallet Privy After Bridge Deal - via X

Trump Calls CPI Data "Great" Urges Full Point Fed Cut - via X

Bitcoin Hashrate Reaches New All-Time High - via X

Get our new STACK SATS hat - via tftcmerch.io

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Bitcoin’s Next Parabolic Move: Could Liquidity Lead the Way?

Is bitcoin’s next parabolic move starting? Global liquidity and business cycle indicators suggest it may be.

Read the latest report from Unchained and TechDev, analyzing how global M2 liquidity and the copper/gold ratio—two historically reliable macro indicators—are aligning once again to signal that a new bitcoin bull market may soon begin.

Download the report here

---

Ten31, the largest bitcoin-focused investor, has deployed $150.00M across 30+ companies through three funds. I am a Managing Partner at Ten31 and am very proud of the work we are doing. Learn more at ten31.vc/invest.

---

Final thought...

Life is good.

---

Download our free browser extension, Opportunity Cost: https://www.opportunitycost.app/ start thinking in SATS today.

Get this newsletter sent to your inbox daily: https://www.tftc.io/bitcoin-brief/

Subscribe to our YouTube channels and follow us on Nostr and X:

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

Metaplanet Inc. has bought 1,088 more bitcoin (BTC), and now holds 8,888 BTC worth over $930 million. This puts Metaplanet in the top 10 corporate bitcoin holders, ahead of Galaxy Digital and Block Inc.

Metaplanet Inc. on X

The company’s CEO Simon Gerovich announced the purchase on X on June 2, 2025. The company bought the new BTC at an average price of around $107,771 per coin, costing the company approximately $117.3 million.

The company said this purchase brings them 90% of the way to their 2025 goal of 10,000 BTC.

Metaplanet only started its bitcoin treasury policy in April 2024 but has been moving fast. At the start of 2025, it had less than 2,000 BTC, and now it has over 8,800.

This has been done through a combination of stock rights exercises and bond issuances, raising capital without diluting existing shareholders. In May 2025 alone, Metaplanet issued zero-coupon, non-interest-bearing bonds for a combined value of $71 million.

According to the filings, the company recently completed its “21 Million Plan” which was a program that involved the full exercise of 210 million stock acquisition rights.

These stock rights allowed Metaplanet to raise capital through equity sales while limiting dilution risk.

Metaplanet’s Bitcoin strategist, Dylan LeClair, said the company views bitcoin as a core part of its financial strategy and is all in, not just making small allocations.

Metaplanet’s buying has paid off in more ways than one.

Its BTC Yield, a company metric that compares bitcoin holdings to total shares, has impressed investors. In Q2 2025 it had a 66.3% BTC Yield, year-to-date it has a 225% BTC Yield.

Metaplanet BTC Yield over time — Vincent on X

The stock is up 155% in the last month and is currently trading at 1,149 JPY, despite the overall volatility in the Tokyo Stock Exchange—where many other companies are under pressure due to the rising Japanese bond yields.

Analysts say the company still has more room to run.

Analysts say the company’s mNAV is back to 4.75 and the stock is undervalued compared to Strategy.

mNAV is short for “multiple of Net Asset Value” and is a metric used to compare the market’s valuation of a company to the actual value of its assets, primarily its bitcoin holdings.

Metaplanet is called “Japan’s Strategy”, a reference to Michael Saylor’s Strategy, the U.S.-based company that holds over 580,000 BTC—the most of any company in the world.

The corporate bitcoin boom isn’t stopping with Strategy and Metaplanet. On May 28, 2025 GameStop announced it had bought 4,710 BTC, worth over $512 million, its first foray into bitcoin after updating its investment policy this year.

@ c1a49d62:3ef55468

IoT chips serve as the foundational semiconductor components that enable connectivity, data processing, and communication in devices ranging from smart thermostats to industrial sensors. These microcontrollers, system-on-chips (SoCs), and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) offer low power consumption, compact form factors, and robust security features, making them essential for Internet of Things ecosystems. As industries pursue digital transformation, the need for high-performance IoT chips that can handle real-time analytics, edge computing, and seamless interoperability has surged. IoT Chips Market Advantages such as integrated wireless protocols (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRaWAN), enhanced energy efficiency, and customizable silicon solutions address critical market challenges like device longevity and data integrity. Manufacturers leverage advanced process nodes and AI accelerators to deliver chips with superior throughput while minimizing thermal footprints. Continuous innovations in semiconductor design, coupled with growing market opportunities in smart cities, automotive telematics, and healthcare monitoring, underscore the strategic importance of these components. As enterprises seek to optimize operations and reduce costs through predictive maintenance and remote monitoring, demand for versatile IoT chipsets continues to rise. The IoT chips market is estimated to be valued at USD 620.36 Bn in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 1415.005 Bn by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.00% from 2025 to 2032.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Músicas novas e conhecidas

Quando for ouvir música de fundo, escolha músicas bem conhecidas. Para ouvir músicas novas, reserve um tempo e ouça-as com total atenção.

Uma coisa similar é dirigir por caminhos conhecidos versus dirigir em lugares novos. a primeira opção te permite fazer coisas enquanto dirige "de fundo", a segunda requer atenção total.

Com músicas, tenho errado constantemente em achar que posso conhecer músicas novas ao mesmo tempo em que me dedico a outras tarefas.

See also:

• Músicas que você já conhece

@ 5627e59c:d484729e

Ik hou van de natuur en van verbinding maken\ Van diepgang en van mensen raken

Van creatief schrijven en programmeren\ Van speels bewegen en nieuwe dingen leren

Ik hou van leven en van dromen\ En van mensen zien\ Hun diepste wensen uit doen komen

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

A Causa

o Princípios de Economia Política de Menger é o único livro que enfatiza a CAUSA o tempo todo. os cientistas todos parecem não saber, ou se esquecer sempre, que as coisas têm causa, e que o conhecimento verdadeiro é o conhecimento da causa das coisas.

a causa é uma categoria metafísica muito superior a qualquer correlação ou resultado de teste de hipótese, ela não pode ser descoberta por nenhum artifício econométrico ou reduzida à simples antecedência temporal estatística. a causa dos fenômenos não pode ser provada cientificamente, mas pode ser conhecida.

o livro de Menger conta para o leitor as causas de vários fenômenos econômicos e as interliga de forma que o mundo caótico da economia parece adquirir uma ordem no momento em que você lê. é uma sensação mágica e indescritível.

quando eu te o recomendei, queria é te imbuir com o espírito da busca pela causa das coisas. depois de ler aquilo, você está apto a perceber continuidade causal nos fenômenos mais complexos da economia atual, enxergar as causas entre toda a ação governamental e as suas várias consequências na vida humana. eu faço isso todos os dias e é a melhor sensação do mundo quando o caos das notícias do caderno de Economia do jornal -- que para o próprio jornalista que as escreveu não têm nenhum sentido (tanto é que ele escreve tudo errado) -- se incluem num sistema ordenado de causas e consequências.

provavelmente eu sempre erro em alguns ou vários pontos, mas ainda assim é maravilhoso. ou então é mais maravilhoso ainda quando eu descubro o erro e reinsiro o acerto naquela racionalização bela da ordem do mundo econômico que é a ordem de Deus.

em scrap para T.P.

@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b

引言

AI 技术的突飞猛进正重塑国家间博弈的格局。在可预见的未来，人工智能（AI）将推动国家实力的重新构建。OpenAI CEO Sam Altman 指出，未来几年内人类可能迎来“温和奇点”，大量工作将由AI取代blog.samaltman.com；Anthropic（Claude AI背后公司）的CEO则警告，美国失业率可能因AI而飙升至两位数甚至约20%finance.sina.com.cn。这意味着 AI 带来的生产力飞跃伴随严峻的社会阵痛，各国政府必须争夺AI制高点以掌控未来竞争优势——正如俄罗斯总统普京早在2017年所言：“谁掌握了AI，谁就能统治世界”axios.com。因此，中美两国均将AI视作国家战略高地，在这一动态博弈中展开竞逐。

然而，在AI集中赋能国家力量的同时，比特币作为决胜性变量悄然登上舞台。美国政界出现一种耐人寻味的观点：AI代表的是一种自上而下、可能强化集权的“左侧力量”，而比特币等去中心化创新属于“右侧力量”，可以对AI形成制衡eweek.com。2025年5月，美国副总统J.D.万斯（Vance）在比特币大会上的讲话就体现了这一点——他将AI称为左倾（共产主义式）的技术力量，而加密货币尤其是比特币被视为具有保守自由色彩的技术，能够平衡AI可能带来的集中化趋势eweek.com。

基于此背景，我们假设本轮技术周期中，比特币发挥了类“数字黄金”的作用并直接取代传统黄金地位：价格飞涨至38万美元以上，大批企业（如MicroStrategy）将比特币纳入资产负债表，视其为主权资产锚定的新基准。这一趋势下，美国加速将比特币和稳定币整合进官方金融体系，构建“美元+比特币”双层货币架构，通过稳定币扩散美元影响力并冲击他国法币insurancekhabar.cominsurancekhabar.com；反之，中国依然全面拒绝比特币（自2021年以来严禁加密交易和挖矿reuters.com），继续大举增持黄金作为储备，并押注自身央行数字货币。在这样的博弈版图下，比特币可能成为影响胜负的关键变量。

本文将基于博弈论视角构建动态多方博弈模型，以刻画上述格局中的关键问题：(1) AI推动下国家力量如何重构？为何各国必须争夺AI制高点？(2) 当AI导致国家权力高度集中时，比特币如何提供不可征收的资产锚定来形成网络化的反平衡力量？(3) 中美两种AI体制的博弈结构如何决定了中国在拒绝比特币条件下可能陷入失败，而美国则可借助“比特币+发钱”等政策缓和AI失业冲击？(4) 个体如何凭借比特币对抗“AI威权”，促使世界走向网络化的稳定新结构，而非陷入新冷战？文章将分为引言、模型结构、均衡演化路径和结论四部分，为高认知读者提供一个严谨而富有现实感的战略研判框架。

模型结构

**参与方与策略定义：**本博弈模型涵盖三个主要行动方：（a）国家行为体（主要是中、美两国），（b）企业级主权力量（大型科技企业、持有比特币的大型公司等），以及（c）普通个体/公民与分布式网络。这是一个多维博弈：既包括AI竞赛这一技术军备维度，也包括以比特币为代表的新型金融资产维度，以及国家与个体间权力再平衡维度。

1. 国家（中、美）在AI领域的竞争：中美视AI为获取综合国力的战略高地，均有强烈动机投入巨资抢占领先位置。AI具有明显的赢家通吃效应，领先者可能在军事、经济、信息控制等方面获得压倒性优势axios.comeconomictimes.indiatimes.com。正如普京和Palantir公司CEO的判断，AI竞赛极可能“只有一个赢家”，要么美国胜出要么中国胜出axios.comeconomictimes.indiatimes.com。因此在博弈模型中，争夺AI主导权是双方的首要策略选择，每一方都不能放松——这类似于囚徒困境中的军备竞赛：任何一方停止努力都可能被另一方弯道超车从而“称霸世界”。

2. AI导致的权力集中与国家内部博弈：AI大规模替代人类劳动将显著提高生产率，同时造成结构性失业和财富向掌握AI技术的精英/资本高度集中blog.samaltman.comfinance.sina.com.cn。这会强化国家机器和大资本对社会的控制力（例如利用AI进行大规模监控、无人武器等），使国家权力相对个体更为集中。博弈模型中，各国政府面临内部稳定博弈：如何安抚因AI失业而不满的公众，同时继续巩固自身执政联盟。在民主国家（如美国），执政联盟规模大（需要赢得广大选民支持），政府倾向于提供公共物品或直接发放补贴以维持民众满意度blog.devtang.comblog.devtang.com。例如，Altman就预测未来社会因为AI冲击会出现“新政策创想”和渐进式的新社会契约blog.samaltman.com——这暗示可能出台普惠式补贴/UBI等政策，即所谓“发钱政策”，以缓和失业阵痛。而在威权体制（如中国），执政“致胜联盟”小而精英化blog.devtang.com，“核心支持者”的利益优先于大众利益blog.devtang.com。此时政府可能更倾向通过强化控制和定向利益输送维持稳定，而不是普惠发钱。一旦由于财政收入锐减或经济失速导致无法满足联盟利益，政权稳定将受到威胁blog.devtang.com。因此在模型中，不同体制下政府选择的内部应对策略截然不同：民主政权偏好通过财富再分配稳住大联盟，威权政权则偏好强化控制、保障小联盟利益。但AI带来的挑战规模空前，威权政府若无足够“弹药”（财政盈余或新型资产）去收买人心，就可能出现“致胜联盟”维持困难，即财政失衡引发政权不稳blog.devtang.com。

3. **货币金融维度的博弈：**这是模型的第二维——围绕全球储备资产和货币体系的新博弈。假设情景下，美国选择拥抱比特币和稳定币，将其纳入国家金融战略，而中国选择拒绝比特币坚守黄金。那么各自的策略及收益如下：

4. 美国策略：整合比特币+美元，推广稳定币。具体包括：允许并鼓励机构大量持有比特币，将其视为“数字黄金”储备；政府通过立法完善稳定币监管（如推出《GENIUS稳定币法案》等）以扩大美元稳定币的全球使用nevadacurrent.comnevadacurrent.com；甚至总统令建立国家比特币战略储备reuters.com。预期收益：一方面，比特币价格飙升带动美国持有者财富上升，MicroStrategy等公司已尝到甜头，资产负债表上囤积了价值400亿美金以上的比特币finance.sina.com.cn。华尔街分析师预测，比特币有望在未来十年最终取代黄金成为首要价值存储，finance.sina.com.cn甚至特朗普政府内部有人倡议卖出黄金储备改买比特币finance.sina.com.cn。另一方面，美元稳定币的大规模推广巩固了美元霸权：全球用户在链上广泛使用美元稳定币，相当于变相扩大美元的影响圈insurancekhabar.cominsurancekhabar.com。稳定币背后的储备主要是美国国债，这意味着稳定币越多，美国国债需求越大，从而压低美国融资成本insurancekhabar.cominsurancekhabar.com。有专家指出，美国大力推动加密货币和稳定币，是看中了它们可以成为经济武器：“稳定币将取代外国政府，成为美债最大买家”insurancekhabar.com。这为美国在AI时代实施大规模财政转移（如发放失业补贴、科技红利）提供了弹药：全球对美元资产的需求使美联储有更大余地印钞而不致本币崩溃。简言之，美国整合比特币+稳定币体系，可强化其金融主导权和财政灵活性，既能对外输出通胀、打击他国法币，又能对内从容应对AI失业的救济开支。

5. 中国策略：拒绝比特币，囤积黄金+推数字人民币。中国自2017-2021年对加密货币连出重拳（取缔交易所、禁止矿业、封锁境内交易）reuters.com，“宁要区块链，不要加密币”的政策表明其决心彻底隔绝比特币等去中心化货币。取而代之，中国持续加码黄金储备：据央行公告，中国已连续多月增持黄金，官方储备突破2000吨并仍在增长中（此举在地缘政治不确定性下尤为明显）。同时，中国大力推广央行数字货币（数字人民币），试图在国内实现对货币流通的全面可控，并谋求在国际贸易中推动人民币结算。预期影响：由于拒绝比特币，中国希望通过黄金提升本币信用，通过数字人民币强化资本管制和货币政策独立性。然而此策略的风险在于，若比特币在全球范围内取代黄金地位，中国将错失这一新型储备资产红利。当美国等推动比特币升值并将其金融化时，中国手中的黄金可能相对贬值或增长滞后。此外，稳定币对他国法币的冲击也波及人民币：虽然中国严格限制境内稳定币流通，但在跨境贸易和地下金融中，美元稳定币和比特币可能绕过管制，被企业和富裕阶层用于对冲人民币贬值或资本外逃。这相当于一个金融围堵：美国利用数字货币在全球吸纳流动性，削弱人民币在“一带一路”等领域的渗透。中国若坚持封锁比特币和民间加密交易，可能面临“两难”：要么严厉执法资本管制、牺牲部分经济自由和国际化进程；要么在全球数字经济中逐渐边缘化，被排除在新金融网络之外。总之，中国此策略短期内保障了国家对金融系统的控制权，但长期存在与世界脱节、储备资产单一（黄金）的隐患。

6. 个体与网络力量的崛起：第三个维度的博弈发生在国家 vs. 个体/分布式网络之间。AI和加密技术的发展，使得一批技术公司和个人获得了前所未有的自主力量——他们可以同时获取AI赋能和持有不可被国家任意剥夺的财富（比特币）。在模型中，这些分散的个人/企业构成一张跨国网络，他们的策略是利用技术和资本的流动性在全球范围内“择优而居”。如果某国政策有利（如美国欢迎加密创新、提供完善法律保障），人才和资金就会流向该国；反之，若政策高压（如中国禁止民间持币、严格审查AI应用），那么这些人才与资金可以通过数字途径逃逸（capital flight）。比特币在其中充当关键的**“退出票”（exit option）：它具有强抗审查和无法被没收的属性，保障了私人财产的自由转移nymag.com。“比特币无法被当局像没收黄金那样没收，无法像银行账户那样随意冻结，亦无法像法币那样被央行肆意贬值或被独裁者通过资本管制任意阻断”nymag.com。这一属性意味着个人第一次拥有了对抗国家财权的有效工具**。在博弈模型中，个体玩家的存在使国家行为体不再是单纯的统一行动者——国家内部会因为个人/企业的选择而出现博弈反馈：如果政策过于损害个人利益，他们有能力通过比特币等手段规避，从而削弱国家政策效果。这相当于在国家与国家的对局中，引入了一个“平衡器”——全球网络化个人势力。他们的目标并非争夺领土或传统主权，而是在寻求“个体主权”最大化：自由拥有财富、自由迁徙和创新、不受制于单一政府。这股力量在AI时代尤为重要，因为AI集中化倾向可以被这种分散网络部分抵消。例如，AI赋能下的个人黑客、科技创业者可以不依赖国家资本也开发出强大模型；若遭遇压制，他们可携带比特币远走他国继续创业。博弈的结果将取决于国家能否与这股网络力量共存，以及在多大程度上满足个人对自由与财富安全的需求。

均衡演化路径

基于上述模型结构，我们推演中美博弈及全球格局的动态演化路径。博弈分阶段进行，各阶段的策略互动将把体系推向不同的均衡态。

阶段1：AI军备竞赛与金融布局（现在至近期）。这一阶段中美都全力投入AI研发，以获取先发优势。双方持续加大对半导体、算法和人才的投入，并在国际规则上博弈（如出口管制、人才签证等）。博弈特征类似“军备竞赛”：任何单方面的松懈都会导致对手大幅领先，因此均衡结果是双方都倾向投入高强度资源，直至边际成本难以承受。与此同时，双方在金融领域开始布局各自阵地：美国在2024-2025年间通过了一系列亲加密政策——国会推进稳定币立法以合法化美元稳定币nevadacurrent.com，“数字资产市场结构”法案呼之欲出；行政层面，特朗普政府下令创建国家比特币储备，将执法机构此前持有或没收的比特币纳入战略储备reuters.com。这些举措表明美国意在将比特币作为国家金融武器的一部分来运用。相应地，比特币市场开始出现质变：主流机构投资者蜂拥而入，现货比特币ETF获得批准且规模激增，短短时间累积数千亿美元资金finance.sina.com.cn。比特币价格屡创新高并稳定在六位数美元以上，朝着20万、30万甚至更高的目标迈进finance.sina.com.cn。企业层面，MicroStrategy等公司持续买入，比特币在一些公司资产负债表中的地位堪比现金储备finance.sina.com.cn。美国的这一系列动作，使其在**“新数字货币冷战”**中占得先机：美元+比特币组合开始对全球产生强磁吸效应。

反观中国，同期则进入防御性应对状态。面对美国的金融攻势，中国加快了增储黄金和数字人民币试点的步伐，以图筑牢本国金融壁垒。中国人民银行连续数月购入黄金，insurancekhabar.com黄金储备量创历史新高；数字人民币从国内零售场景逐步推广到跨境贸易结算试验，通过区域性协议在部分周边国家开展本币结算合作，以降低对SWIFT美元体系的依赖。同时，中国严格执行对加密活动的严打，关停剩余的OTC交易渠道，宣示绝不让比特币等威胁人民币的货币主权。此阶段的结局是：两个平行的货币体系开始成形——一个是美元主导并吸纳比特币、稳定币的新体系；一个是人民币主导、辅之以黄金背书的封闭体系。

阶段2：AI红利与冲击释放（中期，未来5-10年）。随着AGI雏形和通用机器人逐步出现，人类劳动大规模被替代的效应开始凸显blog.samaltman.com。在美国，AI带来的效率红利令GDP和企业盈利大幅增长，但“技术失业”也引发社会不安。finance.sina.com.cn美国失业率假设攀升至15-20%，尤其白领和服务业岗位大量消失。幸运的是，由于美国及时进行了金融上的前瞻部署，此时财政手段具备充足火力来应对危机。一方面，比特币的暴涨和广泛持有为部分中产和企业带来了资产增值——例如，有投资比特币的家庭财富逆势上涨，部分失业者因持有数字资产而有缓冲储备。政府则可以选择性对这些资产增值征税或者发行主权数字货币购买比特币，实现财政增盈。另一方面，更重要的是**美联储和财政部得以大规模“直升机撒钱”**而不致引发债务危机，这是美元稳定币全球盛行带来的特权insurancekhabar.com。由于全球大量资金以购买美国国债作为稳定币储备，insurancekhabar.com美国政府可以在通胀可控范围内发行货币、扩大赤字以资助全民基本收入或就业项目。比特币在美国的官方接受度也使发钱政策更容易实施：政府完全可以将数字美元直接发送到每个公民的手机钱包（甚至部分用比特币形式发放科技红利）。公众虽然对AI取代工作有所焦虑，但在政府真金白银的兜底下，基本生活有保障，社会动荡被控制在最低程度。这印证了Altman的预言：AI时代世界将更富裕，因此能够“认真考虑以往不可能的新政策”blog.samaltman.com。美国通过比特币财富效应和激进财政政策，初步缓解了AI带来的内部矛盾，其民主制度下“大联盟”的稳定性得以维持。

与之对照，中国在中期则可能面临更严峻的平衡难题。AI同样推动了中国经济的效率，但也使大量制造业和服务业劳动力冗余化。由于缺乏比特币等新财富渠道，大部分民众财富并未随技术进步而增长，反而因失业潮而缩水。民间投资渠道狭窄（楼市低迷、股市震荡），社会的不满情绪上升。此时中国政府进退维谷：若执行大规模刺激或全民补贴，一方面没有储备的“数字资产红利”可用，只能动用巨额财政支出；但中国无法像美国那样让全球来分担本币超发的成本（人民币不是主要储备货币，超发会直接冲击汇率和通胀）。若强行印钞发钱，则可能引发人民币贬值和资本加速外逃，削弱执政信用。历史上来看，威权政府在财政吃紧时维系统治的成本急剧上升，很容易因为买不到执政联盟的忠诚而倒台blog.devtang.com。中国政府当然也深谙此理，因此更可能选择收紧财政、强化管控的方式渡过难关：例如动用警察力量维稳、加强舆论审查来减缓不满爆发。但这样的高压策略长期看难以为继，而且会进一步吓跑高端人才和资本。尤其在比特币价格连创新高的背景下，中国富裕阶层和企业势必更加渴望配置此类全球性资产来保值。一些人会通过地下渠道购入比特币和稳定币，然后设法转移资产出境（哪怕非法也在所不惜）reuters.comsciencedirect.com。这反过来又加剧了中国国内资本外流和财政紧张，形成负反馈。可以预见，如果中国仍拒绝比特币，其金融体系可能出现“致胜联盟”式失衡：政府要么牺牲外汇储备和黄金储备来稳住人民币、安抚利益集团，要么被迫局部放开对加密资产的管制以引回资金，无论哪种都意味着其此前的强硬策略难以持续。

阶段3：博弈格局转变与网络化均衡（远期，10年及以后）。经历中期震荡后，全球博弈格局将出现质变，进入新的均衡态。基于前述趋势，可以预见两种截然不同的结局：

• **美国阵营的胜出与中国策略调整：**如果美国在AI和金融两条战线上都占据了优势，那么远期均衡将体现为美国引领的“新技术-金融秩序”。届时比特币可能已稳固地成为全球储备资产的一极（类似数字黄金），各国央行和主权基金纷纷将其纳入资产配置。美元则通过稳定币牢牢占据全球结算和流动性中介地位。在AI方面，美国凭借开放创新环境汇聚了全球顶尖人才，实现技术持续领先。反观中国，若在中期尝到了拒绝比特币的苦果（经济停滞、财政吃紧、人才外逃），理性的策略调整将是不得不转向美国模式，以免彻底边缘化。这可能包括：逐步放松对加密资产的管制，甚至尝试推出国家主导的加密货币ETF，引导国有机构低调持有比特币以分享其增值；在外交上寻求加入由美国主导的数字货币国际框架，避免本国企业被排除在新贸易结算体系外。此外，中国会继续依靠其黄金储备试图为人民币背书，但如果比特币市值远超黄金且更受年轻一代青睐，黄金的锚定作用将大打折扣。可以说，中国此时面临类似19世纪末“银本位帝国”的困境——清朝因坚守白银而被新兴的金本位体系边缘化insurancekhabar.com；21世纪的中国若固守黄金标准而忽视比特币潮流，恐重蹈历史覆辙。有识之士将呼吁“中国不能错失数字黄金机遇”，倒逼政策松动。最终的均衡可能是：美国及其盟友掌握了AI与金融话语权，而中国被迫加入由比特币和美元构成的新体系，放弃之前的强硬抵制立场。这一结果虽非中国最初意愿，但总比被彻底孤立要好，犹如冷战后期苏联被迫融入布雷顿森林体系一样，是一种策略收缩下的妥协均衡。

• 网络化多中心格局的形成：无论中美博弈如何，此阶段一个更深刻的趋势是全球网络化权力结构的浮现。随着比特币深入人心和应用普及，每个个人和企业都相当于握有自己的“微型主权财富”。正如《主权个体》一书预言的那样，信息时代将削弱民族国家发动战争和征税的能力，取而代之的是个人在全球范围内自由组合、以市场方式选择治理的时代sites.northwestern.edu。当比特币成为“无法征收的资产”标配后，各国政府要汲取民财将更为困难，战争筹资也不再容易sites.northwestern.edu。这是因为：一旦某国大举加税或准备战时管制，资本和人才可以更快捷地逃往别处，政府很难像过去那样通过强制手段动员全国资源。一些论者甚至指出，“在一个基于比特币的社会里，政府若想发动战争，可能不得不向公民众筹军费”reddit.com——这无疑极大提高了发动战争的政治难度。在AI高度发达且武器智能化的背景下，这种网络化制衡力量尤为宝贵，它防止了超级大国因为掌控AI利器而为所欲为。举例来说，如果没有个人财产自由这一“安全阀”，那么拥有强大AI武器和监控系统的国家很可能毫无顾忌地倾压式统治甚至对外侵略；但有了比特币，精英和企业可以用脚投票，拒绝配合极权和战争企图——正如有人所说的，“你无法征税/掠夺那些你无法抓住的人”newstatesman.com。最终，全球可能形成一种“冷战阻止机制”：各国不敢轻易走向新冷战或热战，因为稍有风吹草动，资金和人才就会通过去中心网络逃逸，使战争难以为继。

因此，在远期均衡下，我们将看到国家、企业和个人形成一个互动博弈的多中心体系：国家不再拥有对经济和技术的单方面支配，个人与企业通过持有数字资产和掌握AI技术获得了谈判筹码，各方被迫合作共生而非你死我活。这并非传统意义上的“权力均衡”，而更像是一种动态的网络均衡——权力在不同层级和节点上分散，任何一方试图完全主导都会引发系统中其他节点的自动调节与抵制，最终回归稳态。

结论

综上所述，AI时代的中美博弈结构展现出“技术军备竞赛+金融货币博弈+内部治理较量”三位一体的格局。美国通过在AI和比特币两方面同时发力，形成“左手AI、右手比特币”的双拳策略，既争取了AI制高点，又利用比特币这一“不受征服的资产”稳固了内部与外部的平衡nymag.com。反观中国，倘若固守传统思维拒绝比特币，则在AI导致集权加深的同时失去了由比特币提供的网络化反平衡力量，极可能重现“致胜联盟”财政失衡和战略被动的局面。正如博弈模型分析所示，中国若不及时调整，将因无法有效吸纳AI红利、又无法借助新金融工具缓冲冲击，而陷入内外交困的困境；相反，美国通过比特币+发钱政策有望缓解技术失业压力，在维护社会稳定的同时进一步增强对外金融攻势，实现以较小代价度过转型阵痛。

更深一层的洞见在于：比特币作为“无法征收的资产”（unconfiscatable asset），为无数个人和企业提供了在AI强权面前自我保护和抗衡的手段nymag.com。它让个体可以自由掌控自己创造的AI收益和财富，不必担心随时被征用或剥夺，从而在国家与国家的博弈中引入了一个独立稳定器。这个稳定器确保了国家不敢轻启战争或极端压榨，否则公民的财富和才能将自动逃逸，令其损失巨大。这种机制有望阻止人类社会滑入新一轮两极对抗或热战冲突，因为权力过度集中将引发去中心网络的本能反制。取而代之，人类可能走向一种“网络化稳定结构”：在这个结构中，AI带来的繁荣由各国共享，但没有任何一方能垄断；比特币作为全球共同的价值锚和信任媒介，保障了个人基本财产权，从而软化了国家机器的锋芒。

对于高认知的决策者而言，这一博弈分析传递出明确的战略启示：拥抱比特币等去中心化创新，实际上是在为本国社会安装安全阀，避免因AI高度集中而产生体制性风险；同时，这也是在国际博弈中抢占未来金融体系的话语权。在AI与国家力量此消彼长的新时代，比特币扮演了关键的“平衡木”角色：它连接着国家与国家、国家与个人，确保没有人可以轻易掀翻整艘人类文明之舟。唯有善用这一新型稳定器，引导世界朝开放协作而非封闭对立演化，我们才能把握AI奇点带来的机遇，避免重蹈冷战或冲突的历史覆辙。人类社会或许将凭借这种网络化的平衡，在巨变中找到新的稳定与新秩序sites.northwestern.edu——在AI的洪流中乘风破浪，而非沉舟觅踪。

参考资料：

1. Sam Altman，《温和奇点》博文对AI发展的展望blog.samaltman.com

2. Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei，关于AI导致失业的警告finance.sina.com.cn

3. J.D. Vance 副总统在Bitcoin 2025大会讲话摘要，对AI和比特币的定位eweek.comreuters.com

4. Bernstein投行报告：比特币取代黄金的十年预测，MicroStrategy持币策略等finance.sina.com.cnfinance.sina.com.cn

5. Nevada Current对Bitcoin大会的报道：稳定币立法（GENIUS法案）进展nevadacurrent.comnevadacurrent.com

6. Reuters：特朗普行政令建立国家比特币储备、美国拥抱比特币对抗中国reuters.comreuters.com

7. Insurance Khabar：Deepak Garg 关于美中金融战与稳定币武器化的分析insurancekhabar.cominsurancekhabar.com

8. 《独裁者手册》理论：致胜联盟与政权稳定的关系blog.devtang.com

9. New York Magazine：《比特币无法被没收，不能冻结，不能由央行贬值》nymag.com

10. 《主权个体》观点：信息技术削弱国家征税和战争能力sites.northwestern.edu

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

IPFS problems: Community

I was an avid IPFS user until yesterday. Many many times I asked simple questions for which I couldn't find an answer on the internet in the #ipfs IRC channel on Freenode. Most of the times I didn't get an answer, and even when I got it was rarely by someone who knew IPFS deeply. I've had issues go unanswered on js-ipfs repositories for year – one of these was raising awareness of a problem that then got fixed some months later by a complete rewrite, I closed my own issue after realizing that by myself some couple of months later, I don't think the people responsible for the rewrite were ever acknowledge that he had fixed my issue.

Some days ago I asked some questions about how the IPFS protocol worked internally, sincerely trying to understand the inefficiencies in finding and fetching content over IPFS. I pointed it would be a good idea to have a drawing showing that so people would understand the difficulties (which I didn't) and wouldn't be pissed off by the slowness. I was told to read the whitepaper. I had already the whitepaper, but read again the relevant parts. The whitepaper doesn't explain anything about the DHT and how IPFS finds content. I said that in the room, was told to read again.

Before anyone misread this section, I want to say I understand it's a pain to keep answering people on IRC if you're busy developing stuff of interplanetary importance, and that I'm not paying anyone nor I have the right to be answered. On the other hand, if you're developing a super-important protocol, financed by many millions of dollars and a lot of people are hitting their heads against your software and there's no one to help them; you're always busy but never delivers anything that brings joy to your users, something is very wrong. I sincerely don't know what IPFS developers are working on, I wouldn't doubt they're working on important things if they said that, but what I see – and what many other users see (take a look at the IPFS Discourse forum) is bugs, bugs all over the place, confusing UX, and almost no help.

@ 5627e59c:d484729e

Look and see\ Look and see

You look like how you look at me

Look and see\ Look and see

The colorless through the color TV

Look and see\ Look and be

The unborn identity

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

IPFS problems: Inefficiency

Imagine you have two IPFS nodes and unique content, created by you, in the first one. From the second, you can connect to the first and everyhing looks right. You then try to fetch that content. After some seconds it starts coming, the progress bar begins to move, that's slow, very slow, doing an rsync would have been 20 times faster.

The progress bar halts. You investigate, the second node is not connected to the first anymore. Why, if that was the only source for the file we're trying to fetch? It remains a mistery to this day. You reconnect manually, the progress bar moves again, halts, you're disconnected again. Instead of reconnecting you decide to add the second node to the first node's "Bootstrap" list.

I once tried to run an IPFS node on a VPS and store content on S3. There are two S3 datastore plugins available. After fixing some issues in one of them, recompiling go-ipfs, figuring out how to read settings from the IPFS config file, creating an init profile and recompiling again I got the node running. It worked. My idea was to host a bunch of data on that node. Data would be fetched from S3 on demand so there would be cheap and fast access to it from any IPFS node or gateway.

IPFS started doing hundreds of calls to S3 per minute – something I wouldn't have known about if I hadn't inserted some log statements in the plugin code, I mean before the huge AWS bill arrived. Apparently that was part of participation on the DHT. Adjusting some settings turned my node into a listen-only thing as I intended, but I'm not 100% sure it would work as an efficient content provider, and I'll never know, as the memory and CPU usage got too high for my humble VPS and I had to turn it down.