@ 0b118e40:4edc09cb

The idea of Bitcoin as an internet native currency, and eventually a global one, is coming to life slowly. But historically, the idea of global currency has haunted the world’s financial imagination for nearly a century. 

From Keynes’s Bancor in 1944 to Zhou Xiaochuan’s post-crisis proposal in 2009 to today’s renewed debates, the idea resurfaces every time the global economy fractures. 

Could this time be different with Bitcoin? 

I decided to trace the idea of global currency through several decades and books. I may have missed some parts, so feel free to add. I’ll keep this brief and leave the books I’ve read below.

In the beginning

It all started on July 1, 1944. 730 delegates from 44 Allied nations, including major powers like the US, UK, Soviet Union, China, and France, gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. They spent 2 weeks figuring out how the new international monetary and financial system would be, post WW2

After WW1, the treaty of Versailles was needed, but imposed harsh reparations that devastated economies and contributed to the rise of fascism, such as Hitler, Mussolini and gang. 

So when folks met up in 1944 (WW2 was almost ending), the goal was to prevent another Great Depression, another global conflict and build a stable global economic order. 

2 main proposals were discussed in Bretton Woods. 

1. John Maynard Keynes, representing the UK, proposed the creation of a global currency called Bancor. It will be issued through a global central bank known as the International Clearing Union (ICU).

2. Harry Dexter White, representing the US, promoted a dollar-based system. Countries would peg their currencies to the US. dollar backed by gold. He also led the creation of the IMF and the World Bank.

To understand how both of these proposals work, let's look at an example.

• Country A (Germany): Massive exporter

• Country B (USA): Massive importer

• Country C (Brazil): Balanced trade (imports = exports)

***Based on Dexter’s model and the current USD-based system, ***

Say Germany sells $1B worth of cars to the US. The US  pays in dollars, increasing its trade deficit. Germany accumulates dollars as reserves or buys the US Treasury bonds. Over time, the US continues running trade deficits, while Germany keeps hoarding dollars. Hence the  unsustainable debt of the US. 

***In Keynes’s Bancor system, ***

If Germany sells $1B worth of cars to the US, then the US does not pay in dollars. Instead, the ICU credits Germany with 1B Bancors and debits the US with -1B Bancors. 

The ICU police this. If Germany exceeds the surplus threshold, it pays interest or penalties to discourage hoarding. If the US exceeds its deficit threshold, it is warned to rebalance trade or face restrictions.

Here, Germany is incentivized to import more (e.g., from Brazil) or invest in global development. The US is encouraged to export more or reduce consumption. Brazil, with balanced trade, enjoys stability in Bancor flows and avoids pressure.

The idea behind Bancor was a zero-sum balancing act. No country could become “too big to fail” due to excessive deficits. But it was too complicated and idealistic in assuming every country could maintain balanced trade. 

Dexter on the other hand had a few tricks up his sleeve. In the end, Dexter’s USD dominance proposal was adopted. 

The Bretton Woods system established the US dollar as the central global currency 

Why did dollar dominance win over Bancor?

Simplicity often wins over complexity. But more so ICU felt too centralized, asking nations to surrender economic autonomy to a global body. That didn’t sit well in a post-war world where sovereignty was non-negotiable. That and idealist economic trade balance views. 

Dexter’s dollar-based system on the other hand wasn’t fair play at all. It was centralized and authoritarian in its design. 

So how did Dexter pull it off?

They had gold. They were ahead in economic recovery.

And they had nuclear weapons. 

At the time, the US held nearly 2/3 of the world’s gold reserves. It was a significant advantage in advocating for a gold-backed dollar as the bedrock of global trade. 

The US proposed a fixed gold peg at $35 per ounce.

From a broader geopolitical backdrop, the global population in 1944 was about 2.3 billion, a fraction of today’s 8 billion. The world was far less interconnected. The war had devastated Europe, Russia, and much of Asia. Infrastructure, economies, and entire cities were in ruins. The US, by contrast, had faced far fewer casualties and damages. Being geographically isolated, it had minimal domestic losses, around a tenth of what Europe suffered, and its economy was poised to rebuild faster. 

But gold dominance and economic recovery alone didn’t secure US financial dominance.

American scientific breakthroughs had already signaled global power. Physicists like Leo Szilard and Albert Einstein, who had fled Europe, helped develop nuclear weapons. Their intent was deterrence, not destruction. But once the bomb existed, it changed geopolitics overnight. The US had military dominance. And after Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, it became the undisputed superpower. 

In the end, the USD won and the vision for neutral global currency faded. 

And 20 years passed on…

France sends its warship to the US

Under Bretton Woods, countries could exchange dollars for gold, but the US had been printing more dollars than it had gold to back it. And it used it to fund the costly Vietnam War and domestic programs like the Great Society under LBJ. 

Belgian-American economist Robert Triffin pointed out a fatal flaw in the Bretton Woods system that came to be known as the Triffin dilemma. 

• The world needed US dollars for liquidity and trade.

• But the more dollars the US pumped out, the less credible its gold promise became.

Yet the US kept promising that every dollar was still convertible to gold at $35 per ounce.

French President Charles de Gaulle saw this as financial imperialism. He called it the  “exorbitant privileged position”. The world had to pay for what they bought with the money they have, but not the US. 

So in 1965, France did something unexpected. It sent a warship to New York Harbor to physically retrieve French gold reserves held by the Federal Reserve. 

Would it have escalated to war? Maybe. But likely not. It was perhaps more of a diplomatic theatre and a sovereign flex. France was exercising its right under the Bretton Woods agreement to convert dollars into gold. But doing it with military formality was to send a signal to the world that they don’t trust the US system anymore.

It was one of the first major public blows to the dollar’s credibility. And France wasn’t alone. Other countries like West Germany and Switzerland followed suit, redeeming dollars for gold and draining US reserves.

The Nixon shock

Given they did not have enough gold, the IMF introduced Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) in 1969. SDRs were an international reserve asset, created to supplement gold and dollar reserves. Instead of relying solely on the US dollar, SDRs were based on a basket of major currencies (originally gold-backed but later diversified).

The idea was to reduce the world’s dependence on the dollar and avoid a liquidity crisis. But SDRs were a little too late and a little too weak to solve the underlying problem.

By 1971, the US could no longer sustain the illusion. President Nixon “closed the gold window,” suspending dollar convertibility to gold. 

The Bretton Woods collapsed and this marked the beginning of fiat money dominance.

The French pursuit

While France demanded justice in one corner of the world, the French franc, specifically the CFA franc, has been dominant in parts of Africa since 1945, long before 1971.

After WWII, France created two CFA franc zones:

• West Africa: Communauté Financière Africaine (XOF)

• Central Africa: Coopération Financière en Afrique Centrale (XAF)

These zones included 14 African countries, many of which were former French colonies. France maintained monetary control via currency convertibility guarantees and representation in African central banks. Till today it has influence over these country’s monetary policy.

Colonisation hasn't ended in some parts of the world. 

Did countries stop using the USD after the Nixon shock 1971?

Nope. The US dollar was no longer convertible to gold and it dismantled the fixed exchange rate system. But most countries did not stop using the USD as their dominant reserve or trade currency. There were no decent alternatives. Instead, they floated their currencies or maintained a soft peg to the dollar or a basket of currencies. 

The USD remained dominant in oil trade (OPEC priced oil in USD) - petrodollar deal, global debt markets and FX reserves (central banks kept holding USD). 

In 1997, when many Southeast Asian countries were still pegged to the USD, Soros claimed that SEA will tank. The US further increased its credit rates leading to capital flight and eventual tanking of these countries leading to Asian Financial Crisis '97. Many financial crisis has similar vibe.

The 1999 Euro launch

The idea of a shared currency appeared again, this time through the forms of Euro. It was a mandatory system for member states of the Eurozone, and came with centralized authority, the European Central Bank (ECB), which controlled monetary policy for all participating nations.

At first glance, the euro seemed like a win. It eliminated exchange rate fluctuations, making trade within the Eurozone smoother. It gave weaker economies access to lower borrowing costs and helped Europe establish itself as a financial heavyweight. Today, the euro is the second most-used reserve currency after the US dollar.

But it came at a cost. Countries that adopted the euro lost monetary sovereignty and could no longer print their own money or adjust interest rates to respond to local crises. This became painfully clear during Greece’s debt crisis, where strict monetary policies prevented the country from devaluing its currency to recover. The one-size-fits-all approach meant that economies as different as Germany and Greece had to follow the same rules, often to the detriment of weaker nations. Debt-ridden countries like Italy and Spain were forced into harsh austerity measures because they could not manipulate their currency to ease financial strain. Meanwhile, richer nations like Germany and the Netherlands felt they were unfairly propping up struggling economies, creating political tension across the EU.

In recent years, the euro has faced pressure from global trade tensions, monetary tightening, and geopolitical instability contributing to market volatility and periodic depreciation against other major currencies.

The Bretton Woods 2.0

Believe it or not, after all that, there was a call for Bretton Woods 2.0. Yet another global currency dream.

When the housing market collapsed in 2008 followed by a series of domino effects, global banks froze lending, economies contracted, and panic set in. The crisis exposed how fragile the international financial system had become as it was overly reliant on debt, under-regulated, and centered around the US dollar.

Many countries, especially in the Global South and emerging markets, started to question whether a system built around a single national currency was sustainable. 

China, for instance, had been holding huge amounts of US debt while the US printed more dollars through bailouts and quantitative easing. This created global imbalances as exporting nations were lending money to the US to keep the system running, while taking on the risk of dollar depreciation. 

In 2009, China’s central bank openly proposed replacing the US dollar with a neutral global reserve currency suggesting SDRs (Special Drawing Rights) issued by the IMF instead.

These concerns led to a wave of calls from world leaders for a “Bretton Woods 2.0” ,  a modern rethinking of the post-WWII economic order. At G20 summits in London in 2009, countries like France, China, and Russia pushed for reforms in global financial institutions and more balanced power sharing. 

In the end, the IMF received more funding, and some banking regulations were tightened in the years after. But no real overhaul happened. No surprise there? The dollar remained dominant. 

The foundation of the global economy didn’t change, even though trust in it had been deeply shaken.

The growth of BRICS

In 2023, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa began discussing the idea of a shared currency or alternative mechanism to reduce the dependence on USD ie de-dollarisation. The sanctions on Russia didn't help. After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the US and its allies froze Russia’s dollar reserves and cut it off from SWIFT, the “backbone of global banking communication”. This made one thing clear. If you fall out with Washington, your access to the global economy can vanish overnight.

China’s growing economic power also gave it more leverage to process alternative options. It would trade in Yuan with Russia and Iran.

I know many still say it's at its early stage, but I see many countries hedging their bets quietly and aligning with Putin and Xi. It became more obvious after US imposed tariffs on multiple nations, signaling that economic tools can double as political weapons. The world’s second financial system is slowly forming.

What is the world looking for, for the last century ?

From Bretton Woods to multiple financial crises, from the birth of the Euro to the rise of BRICS, through war and peace, we’ve been circling around the same ideal. A global currency that is :

1. Simple 

2. Free from dominant power 

3. Decentralised

4. Borderless

5. Scarce 

6. Transparent 

7. Inclusive, with self custody

8. Resilient in crisis 

9. Built for individual financial sovereignty

10. A new backbone for global finance, owned by no one

It doesn’t matter where you’re from, what politics you believe in, or how your economy leans. The answer keeps pointing in the same direction:

Bitcoin

This is the first true global currency.

And it’s just there 

Waiting...

.

.

.

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Some books that might interest you :

1. The Battle of Bretton Woods by Benn Steil

2. Goodbye, Great Britain by Kathleen Burk and Alec Cairncross

3. The Ghost of Bancor by Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa

4. Confessions of an Economic Hitman by John Perkins

5. The Blood Bankers by James S. Henry

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

[EM ATUALIZAÇÃO]

vacina #saude #politica #manipulacao #mundial #genocidio #pandemia #conspiracao

"Aqueles que não conseguem lembrar o passado estão condenados a repeti-lo." - George Satayana

Este artigo reúne algumas menções e evidências mais antigas que vim registrando durante alguns anos em relação a Covid-19, vacinas obrigatórias e a ação de agências de governo, fundações, políticos, mídia tradicional, celebridades, influenciadores, cientistas, redes sociais e laboratórios, em envolvimento com genocídio e restrições de liberdades em escala mundial causado por decisões em várias esferas relativas ao covid e as vacinas obrigatórias em geral.

Porém, alguns links podem não estar mais disponíveis, foram que ainda faltam ser registradas muitas informações já divulgadas nos últimos anos e que muitos não tiveram contato pela escassez de meios para a obtenção dessas informações de forma organizada.

Portanto, o presente artigo ainda passará por atualizações de conteúdo e formatação. Logo, se possível, ajudem sugerindo complementos ou alterações, ou com doações.

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Noções iniciais:

• O termo 'Coronavírus' (COVID) é na verdade um nome genérico para vários vírus de gripes já comuns, dado para o tipo corona (com uma "coroa", 'espetos' ao redor dele), o Sars-Cov-2 (que passou a ser chamado erroneamente só de Covid), é só um deles.
• SARS-CoV-2 é que é nome do vírus. Ele que causa a doença Covid-19;
• O coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 é o segundo tipo de SARS-CoV documentado, o primeiro ocorreu entre 2002 e 2003, se originando também da China e também dito como tendo origem animal;
• SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) - Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) é a uma doença respiratória viral, relatada ser de origem zoonótica (animal), causada pelos coronavírus SARS-CoV (2002) e SARS-CoV-2 (2019), ambos de origem chinesa;

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1. Vacinas Obrigatórias em Geral

23/01/2025 - [Pesquisa] Vacinas nos EUA causando autismo em crianças https://publichealthpolicyjournal.com/vaccination-and-neurodevelopmental-disorders-a-study-of-nine-year-old-children-enrolled-in-medicaid/

• O CDC admite que 98 milhões de pessoas receberam o vírus do câncer através da vacina da Poliomielite https://medicinanews.com.br/frente/frente_1/o-cdc-admite-que-98-milhoes-de-pessoas-receberam-o-virus-do-cancer-atraves-da-vacina-poliomielite/

"O CDC (Os Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos Estados Unidos) removeu rapidamente uma página do seu site, que estava em cache no Google, como você pode ver logo abaixo, admitindo que mais de 98 milhões de americanos receberam uma ou mais doses de vacina contra pólio dentro de 8 período entre 1955 e 1963, quando uma proporção da vacina foi contaminada com um poliomavírus causador de câncer chamado SV40."

Fonte original da imagem: https://preventdisease.com/images13/CDC_Polio.png [indisponível] - A imagem foi trocada por outra de menor qualidade e em outro link, mas eu já tinha a imagem original salva.

Imagem arquivada em: https://web.archive.org/web/20201203231640/

27/02/2021 - Por que o Japão demorou para vacinar, mesmo com Olimpíada se aproximando https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/2021/02/27/por-que-o-japao-demorou-para-vacinar-mesmo-com-olimpiada-se-aproximando

"Desconfiança da população japonesa em relação a vacinas, ligada a casos ocorridos no passado, está entre razões que atrasaram imunização no país.

A resistência à vacina do Japão remonta à década de 1970, quando duas crianças morreram dentro de 24 horas após receberem a vacina combinada contra difteria, tétano e coqueluche (coqueluche). A vacina foi temporariamente suspensa, mas a confiança já havia sido abalada. Por vários anos, as taxas de vacinação infantil caíram, levando a um aumento nos casos de tosse convulsa.

No final dos anos 1980, houve outro susto com a introdução da vacina tripla contra sarampo, caxumba e rubéola produzida no Japão. As primeiras versões do imunizante foram associadas à meningite asséptica, ou inchaço das membranas ao redor do cérebro e da medula espinhal. O problema foi rastreado até o componente caxumba da vacina tripla, o que levou a uma ação judicial e a indenização por danos pesados.

O Instituto Nacional de Ciências da Saúde interrompeu a dose combinada em 1993 e a substituiu por vacinas individuais. Após o escândalo, Shibuya disse que o governo japonês se tornou "ciente dos riscos" e seu programa nacional de vacinação tornou-se voluntário.

O Dr. Yuho Horikoshi, especialista em doenças infecciosas, diz que os processos levaram a uma "lacuna de vacinação", em que nenhuma vacina foi aprovada no Japão por cerca de 15 anos.

Mais recentemente, em 2013, o Japão adicionou a vacina contra o papilomavírus humano (HPV) ao calendário nacional para proteger as meninas contra o vírus sexualmente transmissível, que é conhecido por causar câncer cervical. No entanto, vídeos de meninas supostamente sofrendo de reações adversas começaram a circular no YouTube, levando o governo a retirá-los da programação nacional."

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2. PRIMEIRAS OCORRÊNCIAS PREDITIVAS AO COVID-19

2002 - Síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS) Brenda L. Tesini (setembro de 2018). Síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS) [indisponível]. Manual Merck. Consultado em 23 de janeiro de 2020, citado no Wikipedia

SARS - Wikipédia: "A SARS [doença do vírus SARS-CoV] foi detectada pela primeira vez no fim de 2002 na China. Entre 2002 e 2003, um surto da doença resultou em mais de 8 000 casos e cerca de 800 mortes em todo o mundo."

2010 - Fundação Rockfeller, Lockstep. https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Annual-Report-2010-1.pdf

Neste PDF da fundação Rockfeller, em seu próprio site, a fundação deixou claro o seu envolvimento em casos de ‘contenção’ de pandemias juntamente com a USAID (agência americana com nome ambíguo, como formalmente ‘United States Agency for International Development’, mas soando como ‘US Socorre’, mas sendo um braço do governo democrata que financiava interferências políticas diretas em vários países, como em intervenções no Brasil ), inclusive em relacionadas ao SARS, o mesmo sintoma dos coronavírus Sars-Cov e Sars-Cov-2 (o vírus propagado em 2019) e que causa o COVID-19.

Segundo eles:

“Integração entre Regiões e Países

A Fundação Rockefeler investiu US$ 22 milhões em sua Iniciativa de Redes de Vigilância de Doenças para ajudar a conter a disseminação de doenças infecciosas e pandemias, fortalecendo os sistemas nacionais, regionais e globais de vigilância e resposta a doenças. Dois programas-chave da Rockefeler — a Rede de Vigilância de Doenças da Bacia do Mekong e a Rede Integrada de Vigilância de Doenças da África Oriental — conectaram e capacitaram profissionais de saúde, epidemiologistas e autoridades de saúde pública em toda a região, levando a um aumento de seis vezes nos locais de vigilância de doenças transfronteiriças somente nos últimos três anos. Em 2010, a Rockefeler expandiu a bem-sucedida campanha transdisciplinar One Health, que a USAID e o Banco Asiático de Desenvolvimento adotaram como modelos. One Health refere-se à integração da ciência médica e veterinária para combater essas novas variedades de doenças zoonóticas que se movem e sofrem mutações rapidamente de animais para humanos. Essas colaborações criaram e fortaleceram uma rede regional crítica de saúde pública, enquanto as lições aprendidas foram exportadas entre disciplinas e países. Além de fortalecer os laços globais em saúde pública, a Rockefeler ajudou a elevar o nível de especialização e treinamento em campo. O Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia de Campo coloca graduados nos mais altos escalões do governo no Laos e no Vietnã, enquanto as bolsas da Rockefeler transformaram as ferramentas disponíveis para os médicos, permitindo-lhes utilizar o poder da internet para se comunicar e monitorar eventos, compreender contextos locais e analisar novos problemas. Finalmente, estamos aplicando ferramentas do século XXI para combater os desafios de saúde do século XXI.”

Julho de 2012 - Revista Mundo Estranho - Epidemias Citado em: https://super.abril.com.br/especiais/epidemia-o-risco-invisivel/

Página do site ME salva em Imagem no Voidcat

Houve uma ‘coincidência’, a revista Mundo Estranho em julho de 2012, entrevistou o até então doutorando em virologia, Átila Iamarino (do canal Nerdologia no Youtube - O mesmo cientista que fez diversas propagandas das vacinas no Brasil), para descrever um possível cenário de propagação de uma epidemia viral, a revista descreve com grande precisão os eventos de 2020, mas apontando o oposto da China, em que, na realidade, sua economia cresceu vertiginosamente.

Segundo eles:

“ 1 – A Ásia é o ponto de partida. Após várias mutações, um novo vírus surge hospedado em morcegos. As fezes que eles soltam no ar infectam guaxinins. Dos mercados da China, esses animais são levados vivos para serem abatidos em restaurantes. Estressados, eles arranham e mordem os cozinheiros, espalhando o vírus.

2 – O vírus adquire a capacidade de ser transmitido de homem para homem por via aérea – forma mais fácil de contágio. Além disso, o contágio se dá antes mesmo de o enfermo apresentar os sintomas. Assim, em média, o doente infecta cinco pessoas antes de ter febre, vômito, diarreia, desidratação e falta de ar.

3 – O governo chinês envia uma comissão para avaliar a doença misteriosa que acomete alguns vilarejos. A equipe volta sem resultados e não considera o surto alarmante até que três pesquisadores adoecem e um deles morre. A China não informa a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para não demonstrar fragilidade.

4 – Os sintomas são comuns e a doença só chama a atenção quando muita gente começa a morrer na mesma região. Ainda assim, demora para que médicos e enfermeiros percebam a ineficiência de antibióticos na cura – o que exclui a maioria das bactérias como agente causador. Testes com vírus comuns também dão negativo.

5 – O governo isola comunidades em que há focos da doença. Ninguém entra nas cidades e nenhum doente pode sair. Mas, como a misteriosa enfermidade demora quatro dias para mostrar seus sintomas, muitos doentes saem dos vilarejos sem saber que estão infectados, alastrando a epidemia.

6 – Doentes viajam de avião para grandes cidades, como Hong Kong. O fervilhante centro comercial, que atrai gente do mundo todo, é um polo de contágio e disseminação. Sem imaginar o risco que correm, pessoas são contaminadas e, ao voltar para seu local de origem, carregam o vírus para todos os continentes.

7 – Com a doença já fora de controle, começa uma corrida entre laboratórios e cientistas de grandes universidades para descobrir o agente causador. Mesmo com o vírus isolado, as vacinas demoram para ser feitas em larga escala, tornando impossível o atendimento à demanda mundial.

8 – Os países se isolam, mantendo esquemas de quarentena. Aeroportos são fechados e o turismo mundial cai a quase zero. A China sofre as piores consequências, com o fluxo de empresários para Hong Kong suspenso – gerando prejuízos de bilhões de dólares – e com o boicote a produtos alimentícios vindos da Ásia.

9 – Além dos 10% de casos letais, os milhões de doentes precisam de atendimento médico. Enquanto hospitais e cemitérios estão lotados, escolas, indústrias e comércio ficam paralisados por falta de profissionais. O transporte público também para e os trabalhadores que podem passam a trabalhar em casa.

10 – Nas nações pobres, quase 20% da população morre – e outros milhões são vitimados mesmo em países ricos. Parte dessa mortalidade ocorre por causa da doença, mas outro fator determinante é a crise financeira global. A produção de alimentos cai por falta de mão de obra.

Fontes: A História e Suas Epidemias e Pandemias – A Humanidade em Risco, de Stefan Cunha Ujvari; Pragas e Epidemias – Histórias de Doenças Infecciosas, de Antonio Carlos de Castro Toledo Jr. Consultoria: Stefan Ujvari Cunha, infectologista do Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz; Paolo Zanotto, professor de virologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da USP; Átila Iamarino, doutorando em HIV-1 no ICB da USP. “

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3. PRIMEIROS INDÍCIOS

10/2019 - Evento 201 - Durante os Jogos Militares Internacionais na China https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/event201/

Promovido por: - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation - John Hopkins Institute - Fórum econômico mundial

"O evento simula a liberação de um coronavírus novo do tipo zoonótico transmitido por morcegos para porcos e por fim para humanos. Eventualmente ele se torna muito transmissível entre humanos levando a uma pandemia severa. O vírus é muito parecido com o vírus da SARS, mas se transmite muito mais facilmente entre pessoas devido a sintomas muito mais leves destas."

Também mencionado por: Jornal Estadão

Sobre o "Movimento antivacina"

05/12/2017 - Movimento antivacina: como surgiu e quais consequências ele pode trazer? https://www.uol.com.br/universa/noticias/redacao/2017/12/05/o-que-o-movimento-antivacina-pode-causar.htm?cmpid=copiaecola

23/03/2019 - "Instagram bloqueia hashtags e conteúdo antivacinação" https://canaltech.com.br/redes-sociais/instagram-bloqueia-hashtags-e-conteudo-antivacinacao-135411/

23/05/2021 - Novos dados sobre pesquisadores de Wuhan aumentam debate sobre origens da Covid https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/novos-dados-sobre-pesquisadores-de-wuhan-aumentam-debate-sobre-origens-da-covid/

"A China relatou à Organização Mundial da Saúde que o primeiro paciente com sintomas semelhantes aos de Covid-19 foi registrado em Wuhan em 8 de dezembro de 2019"

01/02/2020 - O que aconteceu desde que o novo coronavírus foi descoberto na China https://exame.com/ciencia/o-que-aconteceu-desde-que-o-novo-coronavirus-foi-descoberto-na-china/

"O primeiro alerta foi recebido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 31 de dezembro de 2019"

15/09/2020 - YouTube diz que vai remover vídeos com mentiras sobre vacina contra COVID-19 https://gizmodo.uol.com.br/youtube-remover-videos-mentiras-vacina-covid-19/

"O YouTube anunciou na quarta-feira (14) que estenderá as regras atuais sobre mentiras, propaganda e teorias da conspiração sobre a pandemia do coronavírus para incluir desinformação sobre as vacinas contra a doença.

De acordo com a Reuters, a gigante do vídeo diz que agora vai proibir conteúdos sobre vacinas contra o coronavírus que contradizem “o consenso de especialistas das autoridades de saúde locais ou da OMS”, como afirmações falsas de que a vacina é um pretexto para colocar chips de rastreamento nas pessoas ou que irá matar ou esterilizar quem tomar."

*07/01/2021 - YouTube vai punir canais que promovem mentiras sobre eleições – incluindo os de Trump https://olhardigital.com.br/2021/01/07/noticias/youtube-vai-punir-canais-que-promovem-mentiras-sobre-eleicoes-incluindo-os-de-trump/

"O YouTube anunciou que vai punir canais que promovem mentiras sobre as eleições, removendo sumariamente qualquer vídeo que contenha desinformação e, ao mesmo tempo, advertindo com um “strike” o canal que o veicular. A medida já está valendo e a primeira “vítima” é ninguém menos que o ex-presidente americano, Donald Trump.

A medida não é exatamente nova, mas foi novamente comunicada e reforçada pelo YouTube na quarta-feira (6), após os eventos de invasão do Capitólio, em Washington, onde o presidente eleito Joe Biden participava da cerimônia que confirmava a sua vitória nas eleições de novembro de 2020. A ocasião ficou marcada pela tentativa de invasão de correligionários de Trump, que entraram no edifício em oposição à nomeação do novo presidente. Uma mulher acabou sendo morta pela polícia que protegia o local.

O ex-presidente Donald Trump teve vídeos banidos de seu canal no YouTube após os eventos de ontem (6) no capitólio."

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4. FIGURAS CENTRAIS

Bill Gates

• Bill Gates diz 'não' a abrir patentes de vacinas https://www.frontliner.com.br/bill-gates-diz-nao-a-abrir-patentes-de-vacinas/

"Bill Gates, um dos homens mais ricos do mundo, cuja fundação tem participação na farmacêutica alemã CureVac, produtora de vacina mRNA para prevenção de covid-19, disse não acreditar que a propriedade intelectual tenha algo a ver com o longo esforço global para controlar a pandemia."

João Doria - Governo de São Paulo

26/07/2017 - João Dória vai a China conhecer drones para ampliar segurança eletrônica na capital paulista https://jc.ne10.uol.com.br/blogs/jamildo/2017/07/26/joao-doria-vai-china-conhecer-drones-para-ampliar-seguranca-eletronica-na-capital-paulista/

02/08/2019 - Governo de SP fará Missão China para ampliar cooperação e atrair investimentos https://www.saopaulo.sp.gov.br/spnoticias/governo-de-sao-paulo-detalha-objetivos-da-missao-china/

20/11/2019 - Doria se encontra com chineses das gigantes CREC e CRCC e oferece concessões de rodovia, metrô e ferrovia https://diariodotransporte.com.br/2019/11/20/doria-se-encontra-com-chineses-das-gigantes-crec-e-crcc-e-oferece-concessoes-de-rodovia-metro-e-ferrovia/

25/01/2020 - "Chineses serão agressivos" nas privatizações em SP até 2022, afirma Dória https://noticias.uol.com.br/colunas/jamil-chade/2020/01/25/entrevista-joao-doria-privatizacoes-sao-paulo-china.htm

O governador de São Paulo, João Doria, afirma que vai acelerar os programas de desestatização no estado em 2020 e acredita que concessões e vendas poderão permitir uma arrecadação de pelo menos R$ 40 bilhões. Nesse processo, o governador avalia que a China deve atuar de forma agressiva e que aprofundará sua posição de maior parceira comercial do estado, se distanciando de americanos e argentinos.

29/06/2020 - Doria estabelece multa para quem estiver sem máscara na rua em SP https://veja.abril.com.br/saude/doria-estabelece-multa-para-quem-estiver-sem-mascara-na-rua/

24/12/2020 - Doria é flagrado sem máscara e fazendo compras em Miami https://pleno.news/brasil/politica-nacional/doria-e-flagrado-sem-mascara-e-fazendo-compras-em-miami.html

"Foto do governador de São Paulo sem o item de proteção viralizou nas redes"

07/06/2021 - Doria é criticado na internet por tomar sol sem máscara em hotel no Rio https://vejasp.abril.com.br/cidades/doria-e-criticado-na-internet-por-tomar-sol-sem-mascara-em-hotel-no-rio/

30/09/2020 - Governo de SP assina contrato com Sinovac e prevê vacina para dezembro https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/saude/noticia/2020-09/governo-de-sp-assina-contrato-com-sinovac-e-preve-vacina-para-dezembro

O governador de São Paulo, João Doria, e o vice-presidente da laboratório chinês Sinovac, Weining Meng, assinaram hoje (30), um contrato que prevê o fornecimento de 46 milhões de doses da vacina CoronaVac para o governo paulista até dezembro deste ano.

O contrato também prevê a transferência tecnológica da vacina da Sinovac para o Instituto Butantan, o que significa que, o instituto brasileiro poderá começar a fabricar doses dessa vacina contra o novo coronavírus. O valor do contrato, segundo o governador João Doria é de US$ 90 milhões.

20/10/2020 - Coronavac terá mais de 90% de eficácia, afirmam integrantes do governo paulista https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2020/12/20/coronavac-tera-mais-de-90-de-eficacia-afirmam-integrantes-do-governo

24/10/2020 - Não esperamos 90% de eficácia da Coronavac’, diz secretário de saúde de SP https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2020/12/24/nao-esperamos-90-de-eficacia-da-coronavac-diz-secretario-de-saude-de-sp

07/01/2021 - Vacina do Butantan: eficácia é de 78% em casos leves e 100% em graves https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2021/01/07/vacina-do-butantan-eficacia-e-de-78-em-casos-leves-e-100-em-graves

09/01/2021 - Não é hora de sermos tão cientistas como estamos sendo agora https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/video/nao-e-hora-de-sermos-tao-cientistas-como-estamos-sendo-agora-diz-secretario-de-saude-de-sp-9166405.ghtml

10/01/2021 - Dados da Coronavac relatados à Anvisa não estão claros, diz médico https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2021/01/10/dados-da-coronavac-relatados-a-anvisa-nao-estao-claros-diz-medico

"O diretor do Laboratório de Imunologia do Incor, Jorge Kalil, reforçou que faltaram informações sobre a Coronavac nos dados divulgados à Anvisa"

12/01/2021 - New Brazil data shows disappointing 50,4% efficacy for China’s Coronavac vaccine [Novos dados do Brasil mostram eficácia decepcionante de 50,4% para a vacina CoronaVac da China] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-coronavirus/new-brazil-data-shows-disappointing-504-efficacy-for-chinas-coronavac-vaccine-idUSKBN29H2CE

13/01/2021 - Eficácia da Coronavac: 50,38%, 78% ou 100%? https://blogs.oglobo.globo.com/lauro-jardim/post/5038-78-ou-100.html

“De acordo com interlocutores que participaram tanto do anúncio de ontem como da semana passada, quem pressionou para que os dados de 78% e 100% fossem liberados foi João Dória.”

07/05/2021 - Covid-19: Doria toma primeira dose da vacina CoronaVac https://veja.abril.com.br/saude/covid-19-doria-toma-primeira-dose-da-vacina-coronavac/

04/06/2021 - Doria é vacinado com a segunda dose da CoronaVac em São Paulo https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2021/06/04/doria-e-vacinado-com-a-segunda-dose-da-coronavac-em-sao-paulo.htm

15/07/2021 - Doria testa positivo para a Covid-19 pela 2ª vez https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/politica/2021/07/4937833-doria-testa-positivo-para-covid-19-pela-segunda-vez.html

"Governador de São Paulo já havia sido diagnosticado com a doença no ano passado. Ele diz que, apesar da infecção, se sente bem, o que atribui ao fato de ter sido vacinado com duas doses da Coronavac"

06/08/2021 - CPI recebe investigação contra Doria por compra de máscara sem licitação https://www.conexaopoder.com.br/nacional/cpi-recebe-investigacao-contra-doria-por-compra-de-mascara-sem-licitacao/150827

"Empresa teria usado o nome de Alexandre Frota para vender máscaras ao governo de SP. Doria nega informação"

Renan Filho

(filho do Renan Calheiros)

25/07/2019 - Governador Renan Filho vai à China em busca de investimentos para o estado https://www.tnh1.com.br/videos/vid/governador-renan-filho-vai-a-china-em-busca-de-investimentos-para-o-estado/

20/03/2020 - Governadores do NE consultam China e pedem material para tratar covid-19 https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2020/03/20/governadores-do-ne-consultam-china-e-pedem-material-para-tratar-covid-19.htm

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5. Narrativas, restrições e proibições

17/12/2020 - STF decide que vacina contra a covid pode ser obrigatória, mas não forçada https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2020/12/17/stf-julga-vacinacao-obrigatoria.htm?cmpid=copiaecola

"O STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal) decidiu, em julgamento hoje, que o Estado pode determinar a obrigatoriedade da vacinação contra a covid-19. Porém fica proibido o uso da força para exigir a vacinação, ainda que possam ser aplicadas restrições a direitos de quem recusar a imunização.

Dez ministros foram favoráveis a obrigatoriedade da vacinação, que poderá ser determinada pelo governo federal, estados ou municípios. As penalidades a quem não cumprir a obrigação deverão ser definidas em lei."

27/07/2021 - Saiba que países estão adotando 'passaporte da vacina' para suspender restrições https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/2021/07/27/saiba-que-paises-estao-adotando-passaporte-da-vacina-para-suspender-restricoes

" - Israel - Uniao Europeia - Áustria - Dinamarca - Eslovênia - França - Grécia - Irlanda - Itália - Letônia - Lituânia - Luxemburgo - Holanda - Portugal - Japão - Coreia do sul"

18/06/2021 - O que é o passaporte da vacina que Bolsonaro quer vetar? https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2021/06/18/uol-explica-o-que-e-o-passaporte-da-vacina-que-opoe-bolsonaro-e-damares.htm

"O Brasil poderá ter um certificado de imunização futuramente. Aprovado no Senado na semana passada, o "passaporte da vacina", como é chamado, prevê identificar pessoas vacinadas para que entrem em locais públicos ou privados com possíveis restrições."

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6. Vacinas

Alegações iniciais

• CoronaVac, Oxford e Pfizer: veja diferenças entre as vacinas contra covid noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2021/05/11/diferencas-vacinas-covid-brasil.htm

" - CoronaVac (Butantan/Sinovac - Chinesa) Com virus inativo 50,38% de eficácia 2 doses

• Covishield - 'AstraZeneca' (Fiocruz/Astrazenica/Oxford - Britânica) Com virus não replicante 67% de eficácia 2 doses

• ComiRNAty - 'Pfizer' (Pfizer - Americana / BioNTech - Alemã) Com RNA mensageiro 96% de eficácia 2 doses"

Riscos diretos

15/06/2021 - Trombose após vacinação com AstraZeneca: Quais os sintomas e como se deve atuar? https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/trombose-apos-vacinacao-com-astrazeneca-quais-os-sintomas-e-como-se-deve-atuar/

"Agências europeias estão reticentes com a vacina da AstraZeneca. Ela chegou a ser desaconselhada a pessoas com idade inferior a 60 anos, e um alto funcionário da Agência Europeia de Medicamentos declarou que era melhor deixar de administrar a vacina deste laboratório em qualquer idade quando há alternativas disponíveis, devido aos relatos de trombose após a primeira dose, apesar de raros."

11/05/2021 - CoronaVac, Oxford e Pfizer: veja diferenças entre as vacinas contra covid https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2021/05/11/diferencas-vacinas-covid-brasil.htm

"Na terça-feira (12), o Ministério da Saúde determinou a suspensão da aplicação da vacina de Oxford/AstraZeneca para gestantes e puérperas com comorbidades. A decisão segue recomendação da Anvisa, que apura a morte de uma grávida de 35 anos que tomou o imunizante e teve um AVC (acidente vascular cerebral)."

30/07/2021 - Pfizer representa o mesmo risco de trombose que a Astrazeneca, aponta levantamento https://panoramafarmaceutico.com.br/pfizer-representa-o-mesmo-risco-de-trombose-que-a-astrazeneca-aponta-levantamento/

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7. CRIMES

Crimes da Pfizer

18/11/2020 Não listado no google - Os Crimes documentados da produtora de vacinas de Covid - Pfizer [INGLÊS] https://www.dmlawfirm.com/crimes-of-covid-vaccine-maker-pfizer-well-documented/

"A velocidade com que a vacina Covid da Pfizer foi produzida, a ausência de estudos em animais, testes de controle randomizados e outros testes e procedimentos padrão usuais para um novo medicamento são, no mínimo, preocupantes. Além disso, todos os fabricantes de vacinas Covid receberam imunidade legal para quaisquer ferimentos ou mortes que possam causar. Se essas vacinas são tão seguras quanto promovidas, por que seus fabricantes precisam de imunidade geral?"

"A Pfizer, uma empresa farmacêutica que parece ter ganhado na loteria para produzir a primeira vacina Covid-19, está atualmente lutando contra centenas de ações judiciais sobre o Zantac, um popular medicamento contra azia. Os processos da Zantac afirmam que a droga popular pode estar contaminada com uma substância cancerígena chamada N-nitrosodimetilamina (NDMA). Os processos Zantac são em aberto e em andamento, já que a farmacêutica está lutando contra eles; mas a Pfizer, sabemos, cometeu vários crimes ou transgressões pelos quais foi punida nos últimos anos. As falhas da empresa estão bem documentadas e vale a pena revisá-las neste momento crítico da história da humanidade, enquanto todos nós buscamos respostas."

A Pfizer recebeu a maior multa da história dos Estados Unidos como parte de um acordo judicial de US $ 2,3 bilhões com promotores federais por promover medicamentos erroneamente (Bextra, Celebrex) e pagar propinas a médicos complacentes. A Pfizer se confessou culpada de falsificar a marca do analgésico Bextra, promovendo o medicamento para usos para os quais não foi aprovado.

Na década de 1990, a Pfizer estava envolvida em válvulas cardíacas defeituosas que causaram a morte de mais de 100 pessoas. A Pfizer enganou deliberadamente os reguladores sobre os perigos. A empresa concordou em pagar US $ 10,75 milhões para acertar as acusações do departamento de justiça por enganar reguladores.

A Pfizer pagou mais de US $ 60 milhões para resolver um processo sobre o Rezulin, um medicamento para diabetes que causou a morte de pacientes de insuficiência hepática aguda.

No Reino Unido, a Pfizer foi multada em quase € 90 milhões por sobrecarregar o NHS, o Serviço Nacional de Saúde. A Pfizer cobrou do contribuinte um adicional de € 48 milhões por ano, pelo que deveria custar € 2 milhões por ano.

A Pfizer concordou em pagar US $ 430 milhões em 2004 para resolver acusações criminais de que havia subornado médicos para prescrever seu medicamento para epilepsia Neurontin para indicações para as quais não foi aprovado. Em 2011, um júri concluiu que a Pfizer cometeu fraude em sua comercialização do medicamento Neurontin. A Pfizer concordou em pagar $ 142,1 milhões para liquidar as despesas.

A Pfizer revelou que pagou quase 4.500 médicos e outros profissionais médicos cerca de US $ 20 milhões por falar em nome da Pfizer.

Em 2012, a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários dos Estados Unidos - anunciou que havia chegado a um acordo de US $ 45 milhões com a Pfizer para resolver acusações de que suas subsidiárias haviam subornado médicos e outros profissionais de saúde no exterior para aumentar as vendas no exterior.

A Pfizer foi processada em um tribunal federal dos Estados Unidos por usar crianças nigerianas como cobaias humanas, sem o consentimento dos pais das crianças. A Pfizer pagou US $ 75 milhões para entrar em acordo no tribunal nigeriano pelo uso de um antibiótico experimental, o Trovan, nas crianças. A empresa pagou um valor adicional não divulgado nos Estados Unidos para liquidar as despesas aqui. A Pfizer violou o direito internacional, incluindo a Convenção de Nuremberg estabelecida após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, devido aos experimentos nazistas em prisioneiros relutantes.

Em meio a críticas generalizadas de roubar os países pobres em busca de drogas, a Pfizer prometeu dar US $ 50 milhões para um medicamento para a AIDS para a África do Sul. Mais tarde, no entanto, a Pfizer falhou em honrar essa promessa.

• Pfizer contract leaked! [Contrato da Pfizer vazado] http://sanjeev.sabhlokcity.com/Misc/LEXO-KONTRATEN-E-PLOTE.pdf

Segundo o contrato "o produto não deve ser serializado":

"5.5 Reconhecimento do comprador.

O Comprador reconhece que a Vacina e os materiais relacionados à Vacina, e seus componentes e materiais constituintes estão sendo desenvolvidos rapidamente devido às circunstâncias de emergência da pandemia de COVID-19 e continuarão a ser estudados após o fornecimento da Vacina ao Comprador nos termos deste Contrato. O Comprador reconhece ainda que os efeitos de longo prazo e eficácia da Vacina não são atualmente conhecidos e que pode haver efeitos adversos da Vacina que não são atualmente conhecidos. Além disso, na medida do aplicável, o Comprador reconhece que o Produto não deve ser serializado."

Crimes da AstraZeneca

21/06/2003 - AstraZeneca se declara culpada no esquema de médico de câncer https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/21/business/astrazeneca-pleads-guilty-in-cancer-medicine-scheme.html

"A AstraZeneca, a grande empresa farmacêutica, se declarou culpada hoje de uma acusação de crime de fraude no sistema de saúde e concordou em pagar $ 355 milhões para resolver as acusações criminais e civis de que se envolveu em um esquema nacional para comercializar ilegalmente um medicamento contra o câncer de próstata.

O governo disse que os funcionários da empresa deram incentivos financeiros ilegais a cerca de 400 médicos em todo o país para persuadi-los a prescrever o medicamento Zoladex. Esses incentivos incluíram milhares de amostras grátis de Zoladex [...]"

27/04/2010 - Farmacêutica gigante AstraZeneca pagará US $ 520 milhões pelo marketing de medicamentos off-label https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/pharmaceutical-giant-astrazeneca-pay-520-million-label-drug-marketing

"AstraZeneca LP e AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP vão pagar $ 520 milhões para resolver as alegações de que a AstraZeneca comercializou ilegalmente o medicamento antipsicótico Seroquel para usos não aprovados como seguros e eficazes pela Food and Drug Administration (FDA), os Departamentos de Justiça e Saúde e Serviços Humanos A Equipe de Ação de Fiscalização de Fraudes em Saúde (HEAT) anunciou hoje. Esses usos não aprovados também são conhecidos como usos "off-label" porque não estão incluídos no rótulo do medicamento aprovado pela FDA."

• List of largest pharmaceutical settlements [Lista dos maiores acordos farmaceuticos] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_pharmaceutical_settlements

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8. CIENTISTAS

• Máscara Provoca Insuficiência Respiratória E Contaminação Microbiana… [Canal deletado] https://youtube.com/watch?v=eHu-pydSvDI

Não lembro mais a quem pertencia, mas provavelmente era de um médico falando do assunto. Creio ter sido do Dr. Paulo Sato, por essa temática ter sido abordada por ele, mas ao abrir o site aparece somente:

"Este vídeo foi removido por violar as diretrizes da comunidade do YouTube"

Dr. Paulo Sato

• USAR ou NÃO USAR a CUECA do seu governador no rosto https://fb.watch/7NPP_7rS5S/ https://www.facebook.com/AdoniasSoaresBR/videos/1347904292291481/ Adonias Soares entrevista ao Dr. Paulo Sato sobre as máscaras, em que é simulado o efeito da respiração prolongada das máscaras no organismo com o uso de águas de torneira, natural, gaseificada (com gás carbônico) e antioxidante, em que a com gás carbônico (PH 4 - Ácido) representa o organismo humano, e na prática representa lesão corporal e iniciação de doenças.

Dr. Kary Mullis

(Criador do teste PCR)

• PCR nas palavras do seu inventor - Dr. Kary Mullis (legendado) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1O52uTygk8

"Qualquer um pode testar positivo para quase qualquer coisa com um teste de PCR, se você executá-lo por tempo suficiente… Com PCR, se voce fizer isso bem, você pode encontrar quase tudo em qualquer pessoa… Isso não te diz que você está doente."

• Kary Mullis DESTRUYE a Anthony Fauci lbry://@CapitalistChile#0/Kary-Mullis---Fauci#5

"Ele [...] não entende de medicina e não deveria estar onde está. A maioria dos que estão acima são só administrativos e não têm nem ideia do que ocorre aqui em baixo e essas pessoas tem uma agenda que não é a que gostaríamos que tivessem, dado que somos nós os que pagamos a eles para que cuidem da nossa saúde. Têm uma agenda pessoal."

Dra. Li-Meng Yan

• Dra. Li-Meng Yan: O vírus foi criado em laboratório com um objetivo: Causar dano. https://youtu.be/pSXp3CZnvOc

Dr. Joe Roseman

• Cientista Phd Dr Joe Roseman faz seríssimas advertencias sobre a picada https://youtu.be/0PIXVFqJ_h8

Dr. Robert Malone

• As vacinas podem estar causando ADE - Dr. Robert Malone https://odysee.com/@AkashaComunidad:f/Las_vacunas_pueden_estar_causando_ADE_magnificaci%C3%B3n_mediada_por:f lbry://@Información.#b/Drrm#9

Dr. Robert Malone, um dos três inventores da tecnologia de RNAm que se usa de forma farmacêutica. No vídeo fala sobre os efeitos de ADE (realce dependente de anticorpos) que estão ocorrendo com as vacinas. Nas palavras do Dr. Malone, já não é somente uma hipótese, mas baseada nos conhecimentos gerados nas provas e ensaios pré clínicos, com as vacinas contra o primeiro vírus da SARS.

Dr. Luc Montagnier

• Dr. Luc Montagnier, virologista, prêmio Nobel de medicina, um dos descobridores do vírus HIV, afirma: "a vacinação em massa está criando as novas variantes' (@medicospelavida , telegram)

CASOS DOCUMENTADOS

13/09/2021 - 13 de setembro de 2021 - Carta aberta ao Ministro da Saúde por Arlene Ferrari Graf, mãe de Bruno Oscar Graf https://telegra.ph/Carta-aberta-ao-Ministro-da-Sa%C3%BAde-09-13

Também em: Gazeta do Povo

O texto de uma mãe discorrendo sobre o filho dela, Bruno Oscar Graf, ter ANTI-HEPARINA PF4 AUTO-IMUNE e ter vindo a falecer por reação à vacina.

11/05/2021 - Rio notifica morte de grávida vacinada com imunizante Oxford https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/coronavirus/rio-notifica-morte-de-gravida-vacinada-com-imunizante-oxford,415b9b0c49169427ac2f90ae3765c057e9suy3qn.html

"Vítima não apresentava histórico de doença circulatória nem sofria de nenhuma doença viral; relação será investigada"

13/08/2021 - Cruzeiro com 4.336 pessoas tem 27 contaminados com Covid-19 em Belize https://paranaportal.uol.com.br/geral/cruzeiro-com-4-336-pessoas-tem-27-contaminados-com-covid-19-em-belize/amp/

"Segundo um comunicado do Conselho de Turismo de Belize emitido na quarta-feira (11), 26 contaminados são da tripulação e um é passageiro. A maioria é assintomática e os 27 estão vacinados."

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9. ALEGAÇÕES DIRETAS

09/2021 - Setembro de 2021 - BOMBA: Ex-membro do Partido Comunista da China revela que o primeiro surto da Covid foi “intencional” https://terrabrasilnoticias.com/2021/09/bomba-ex-membro-do-partido-comunista-da-china-revela-que-o-primeiro-surto-da-covid-foi-intencional/

01/03/2023 - 1 de Março de 2023 - O chefe do FBI, Christopher Wray, diz que vazamento de laboratório na China é muito provável https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64806903

26/12/2024 - 26 de Dezembro 2024 - FBI ‘não tem permissão para informar Biden’ sobre a teoria de vazamento de laboratório da Covid https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/fbi-not-allowed-to-brief-biden-on-covid-lab-leak-theory-8df9mr997

O FBI concluiu com "confiança moderada" que a COVID-19 pode ter sido criada em laboratório, com base em parte na análise genômica conduzida por cientistas do Centro Nacional de Inteligência Médica.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Singapore’s central bank has set a June 30 deadline for crypto companies operating abroad, with penalties of up to $200,000.

The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has issued a firm ultimatum to the crypto industry. Local firms providing digital asset services to international markets must cease those operations by June 30, 2025.

MAS announced the directive in response to industry feedback on the new regulatory framework for Digital Token Service Providers (DTSPs) under the Financial Services and Markets Act (FSM Act) of 2022.

The new rules offer no transition period for local firms operating overseas. Any company or individual based in Singapore offering digital asset services abroad must choose one of two options: either halt all operations or obtain a specific license before the June deadline.

The regulation makes it clear that “DTSPs subject to licensing requirements under section 137 of the FSM Act must cease or suspend providing DT services outside Singapore by June 30, 2025.”

Penalties for non-compliance

Companies that fail to comply with the new requirements face fines of up to 250,000 Singapore dollars (around $200,000) and prison terms of up to three years.

Under section 137 of the FSM Act, all Singapore-based firms are automatically considered to be operating from the country and are therefore subject to licensing obligations.

Licenses will be rare, legal experts warn

Securing licenses to continue overseas operations will be difficult, according to industry analysts. Hagen Rooke, Partner at Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, explained in a LinkedIn post that authorizations will only be granted in exceptional cases.

“The MAS will grant licences under the new framework only in extremely limited circumstances (as this type of operating model generally gives rise to regulatory concerns, e.g. AML/CFT-related),” Rooke stated.

The only exemptions apply to companies already licensed under existing financial regulations: the Securities and Futures Act, Financial Advisers Act, or Payment Services Act.

The Financial Services and Markets Act, passed in April 2022, granted MAS broader powers to regulate crypto firms that, while headquartered in Singapore, primarily serve foreign markets.

The post Singapore orders crypto firms to halt overseas operations by June appeared first on Atlas21.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

JPMorgan to Offer Clients Financing Against Bitcoin & Crypto ETFs

JPMorgan Chase & Co. plans to allow its trading and wealth-management clients to use cryptocurrency-linked assets, including spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs), as collateral for loans, according to Bloomberg.

JPMorgan Plans to Offer Clients Financing Against Crypto ETFs pic.twitter.com/QpausRiHxM

— matthew sigel, recovering CFA (@matthew_sigel) June 4, 2025

The bank will begin with BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT), and additional ETFs are expected to be added over time. The policy will apply globally, spanning all client segments—from individual retail accounts to investors.  

In addition to the lending change, JPMorgan will begin factoring crypto holdings into overall net worth and liquid asset evaluations, placing them on par with stocks, vehicles, or fine art when determining loan eligibility, according to those familiar with the matter.

This development marks a formal expansion of what had previously been permitted on a limited, case-by-case basis. The bank’s new approach comes as other major financial institutions, including Morgan Stanley, explore ways to integrate crypto offerings more broadly. Last month, Bloomberg also reported that Morgan Stanley plans to bring crypto trading to its E*Trade platform.

The shift also reflects changes in the U.S. regulatory environment. Since returning to office, President Donald Trump’s administration has taken a more favorable stance toward digital assets. Spot Bitcoin ETFs, first introduced in January 2024, have seen rapid growth and now manage a combined $128 billion in assets, making them among the most successful ETF launches to date.

Bitcoin’s price has also risen significantly in recent months, reaching a record $111,980 in May 2025.

JPMorgan was among the first large U.S. banks to experiment with blockchain technology and maintains relationships with firms such as Coinbase. This latest decision allows more digital assets into the bank’s lending framework. 

While JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon has remained publicly skeptical of Bitcoin, he has consistently emphasized clients’ right to access the asset. Speaking at the firm’s investor day in May, Dimon stated, “I’m not a fan of Bitcoin.” He went on to say, “I don’t think we should smoke, but I defend your right to smoke. I defend your right to buy Bitcoin, go at it.” 

This post JPMorgan to Offer Clients Financing Against Bitcoin & Crypto ETFs first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ 0b65f96a:7fda4c8f

Es gibt Bibliotheken voll Literatur zur „Kunst“ der Kriegsführung. Dies hier ist ein Beitrag zu den Bibliotheken der Kunst Frieden zu führen. Denn Frieden ist nicht die Abwesenheit von Krieg. Sondern eine mindestens ebenso intensive Aktivität. Worin genau besteht sie aber? Ich glaube darin, weder nach der einen noch nach der anderen Seite vom Hochseil zu fallen. Denn vom Hochseil kann man immer nach zwei Seiten fallen. Das ist dann auch schon die Kernherausforderung: Gleichgewichthalten!

Es scheint zunächst ein ganz äußerlicher Auftrag. Es gibt immer und wird immer widerstreitende Interessen geben. Allerdings ist das nur die äußerste Zwiebelschale. Denn wenn wir die Sache etwas mit Abstand von uns selbst betrachten, werden wir in uns hinein verwiesen: Frieden kann nur von innen nach außen gestiftet werden. Wenn wir das Hochseil in uns suchen, was finden wir dann? – Zweifels ohne, wissen wir von uns, dass wir nicht jeden Tag unser bestes Selbst sind. Würde es sich nicht lohnen etwas genauer über die Möglichkeit nach zwei Seiten vom Hochseil zu fallen nachzudenken, zugunsten der eigenen Balancierfähigkeit?

Wir sind daran gewöhnt zu denken dem Guten steht das Böse gegenüber. Daraus ziehen ja alle Western und Martial Arts Streifen ihren Plot: Der Gute bringt den Bösen um die Ecke und damit hat wieder mal das Gute gesiegt. Wir bewerten das „um die Ecke bringen“ unterschiedlich, je nach dem, von wem es kommt.

Ich möchte einen neuen Gedanken vorschlagen über unser Inneres, über Gut und Böse nachzudenken. Denn, wie gesagt, vom Hochseil kann man nach zwei Seiten fallen. Und es hat immer drastische Wirkung. Wo kommen wir also hin, wenn wir sagen: Frieden ist immer ein Gleichgewichtszustand, ergo eine Zeit der Mitte?

Sagen wir Toleranz ist ein erstrebenswertes Ideal. Dann würden wir sicher sagen Engstirnigkeit ist das Gegenteil davon und alles andere als Wünschenswert. Ja, so ist es gewiss. Und es bleibt hinzuzufügen, auch Beliebigkeit ist das Gegenteil von Toleranz. Denn es gibt eine Grenze, wo Toleranz nicht mehr Toleranz ist, sondern Beliebigkeit, ein „alles ist möglich“. Ähnlich können wir es für Großzügigkeit denken: Großzügigkeit ist ein erstrebenswertes Ideal. Ihr Gegenteil ist Geiz. Ihr anderes Gegenteil die Verschwendung. Oder Mut. Mut ist ein erstrebenswertes Ideal. Feigheit sein Gegenteil. Sein anderes Gegenteil ist Leichtsinn. Mit andern Worten: Das Ideal wird immer zum Hochseil. Und wir können immer nach zwei Seiten von ihm fallen. Wenn wir diesem Gedanken folgen, kommen wir weg von der Gut-Böse-Dualität. Und stattdessen zur Frage nach dem Gleichgewicht. Zur Frage nach der Mittezeit.

Natürlich steht es uns frei all das zu denken. Oder auch nicht zu denken. Denn selbstverständlich ist es möglich es nicht zu denken und bei einer Dualitätsvorstellung festhängen zu bleiben. Es wird uns nur nicht helfen Frieden zu denken und in Frieden zu handeln. Wenn wir wollen können wir durch das Aufspannen einer Trinität einen neuen Raum eröffnen und betreten. In ihm wird Frieden aktiv führbar, denn er wird eine Gleichgewichtssituation in uns selbst! – Nicht eine, sich einander gegenüberstehender äußerer Mächte!

Gehen wir noch einen Schritt weiter in unserer Betrachtung, können wir feststellen, dass es durchaus einen Unterschied macht nach welcher Seite wir runter fallen. Denn auf der einen Seite ist es immer eine Verengung: Engstirnigkeit, Geiz, Feigheit in unseren Beispielen. Auf der anderen ist es immer eine Zersplitterung oder Versprühung. In unseren Beispielen Beliebigkeit, Verschwendung und Leichtsinn. Und das erstrebenswerte ist eben immer die Mitte, das von uns ständig aktualisierte Gleichgewicht.

Das interessante ist, wo diese Mitte liegt, lässt sich niemals statisch festlegen. Sie ist immer dynamisch. Denn sie kann zu unterschiedlichen Momenten an unterschiedlicher Stelle liegen. Es ist immer ein Ich, das sich in Geistesgegenwart neu ausbalanciert. Und darum ist Frieden so schwer. Wir werden ihn niemals „haben“, sondern ihm immer entgegen gehen.

Der Kriegsruf ist nichts anderes, als ein Versuch von denen, die vom Hochseil gefallen sind, uns auch herunter zu kicken.

Netter Versuch. Wird aber nichts!

In der Nussschale: Die Dualität auflösen in die Trinität der balancierenden Mitte zwischen der Geste der Versteinerung und der Geste des Zerstäubens oder Zersplitterns. Die dynamische Qualität der Mitte bemerken. Oder, tun wir es nicht, ist das gleich der erste Anstoß, der uns wieder zum Wackeln bringt. Und des Ich´s gewahr werden, das balanciert. Frieden führen ist eine Kunst.

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Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.

Noch nicht auf Nostr? Hier entlang zum leichten Einstieg!

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Patric I. Vogt, geb. 1968 in Mainz. Autor von „Zukunft beginnt im Kopf Ein Debattenbeitrag zur Kernsanierung von Rechtsstaat und Demokratie“. Lebt als freischaffender Künstler, Lehrer und Unternehmer. Über drei Jahrzehnte Beschäftigung mit dem Ideenfeld soziale #Dreigliederung und Anthroposophie. Moderation und Mediation von sozialen Prozessen und Organisationsentwicklung. Staatlich ungeprüft, abgesehen von den Fahrerlaubnissen zu Land und zu Wasser. Motto: Gedanken werden Worte, werden Taten! www.perspektivenwechsel.social

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@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8

Wie schon gewohnt durch die Empfänge von Baerbock und von der Leyen im Ausland, in Washington ein Empfang etwas oberhalb der 1. Class, von Staatsempfang keine Spur. Passt eigentlich auch nicht für den 51. Bundesstaat der USA. Aber immerhin flog die „Bundesrepublik Deutschland“ ohne Pannen, das ist ja auch schon mal was. Und bei solch einem erfahrenen Chef-Co-Piloten an Bord, der auch mal schnell einspringen könnte, sozusagen als 2. Wahl, kann eigentlich gar nichts mehr schief gehen. Vielleicht hat Fritzchen den Kapitän auch gefragt, ob er auch mal ans Steuer darf, wenn sich die Gelegenheit schon bietet.

Im Gepäck die eingerahmte Geburtsurkunde von Großvater Trump. Als ob Donald die sich nicht selbst besorgen könnte, wenn er Interesse daran hätte. Vielleicht hat er sie auch schon.

Die Übergabe, kurz und schmerzlos. Sie erinnert an einen Sketch von Loriot, „Weihnachten bei Hoppenstedts“:…oh, eine Krawatte! Der versprochene Ehrenplatz wird sich vermutlich in einer der unteren Etagen des Weißen Hauses befinden.

Man muss auch erst einmal darauf kommen, so typisch deutsch: Eine Geburtsurkunde als Geschenk. Das könnte man auch als einen Wink mit dem Zaunpfahl ansehen: Erinnere Dich an Deine deutschen Wurzeln (und lass uns gefälligst nicht fallen?).

Jetzt zur Einschätzung des Treffens: Vorfahrt mit frisch gewaschenem Auto, Schwarz-Rot-Gold vorne am Kotflügel, wie es sich gehört, Schwarz-Rot-Gold am Eingang. Ganz schön rechts. Warum eigentlich nicht die Regenbogenfahne?

Begrüßung durch Trump auf Nachfrage eines Reporters: „I love the People of Germany.“

Und Merz nutzt die Gelegenheit sich in Biedermeier-Style einzuschmeicheln: „And I love the People of America.“

Und Trump erwidert: „That‘s good!“

In welcher Atmosphäre findet das Treffen statt?

Trump hat ein Elefantengedächtnis. Er weiß um die abwertenden, diplomatiefreien Aussagen, die Merz über ihn gemacht hat. Er weiß, dass Merz ihn mehrfach persönlich beleidigend angegriffen hat. Als Präsident der USA steht man darüber. Aber man weiß es! Trump ist sich darüber im Klaren, mit welcher Geisteshaltung er es bei Merz zu tun hat.

Vor dem Hintergrund passt seine Aussage zur Presse: „Ich liebe die Deutschen.“ Das ist eine demokratische und höfliche Sympathiebekundung gegenüber der deutschen Bevölkerung, die Merz zwar miteinschließt, aber nicht direkt an ihn gerichtet ist.

Trump begrüßt Merz mit Handschlag, begrüßt aber eigentlich nicht den Kanzler, sondern die Deutschen.

Andererseits darf der Äußerung „Ich liebe die Deutschen“ auch nicht zu viel Bedeutung beigemessen werden, denn die Amerikaner sind ja dafür bekannt, dass sie gerne und schnell alles lieben: I love America, I love Coca-Cola, I love Peanuts und eben auch I love the People of Germany.

Merz nutzt gleich die Gelegenheit, sich anzubiedern, in dem er pariert: „Und ich liebe die Amerikaner.“, worauf Trump antwortet: „That’s good!“ Das kann man übersetzen mit „Das ist gut!“, aber auch mit „Das ist auch gut so!“, bei letzterem wäre es eine versteckte Drohung. Mach Dir bewusst, wo Du bist und mit wem Du es zu tun hast und verhalte Dich danach!

Nonverbal wird dem sonst in Deutschland so eloquent wirken wollenden, akzentuiert sprechenden Merz die Bedeutung zugedacht, die ihm aus Sicht von Trump gebührt. In Frankfurt heißen sie Wiener, in Wien heißen sie Frankfurter.

Somit sind die Voraussetzungen, unter denen das Treffen stattfinden soll, schon einmal von amerikanischer Seite aus geklärt.

Du bist hier Gast in meinem Haus, also benimm Dich auch entsprechend! Ich bin der Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und Du bist klein Fritzchen aus dem Sauerland. Die Machtverhältnisse sind unausgesprochen geklärt.

Man hat in gewohnter Manier Platz genommen. Die Journalisten stellen Ihre Fragen ausschließlich an Trump. Zufall, oder Teil einer orchestrierten Aufführung, das wird man nie erfahren.

So oder so, die Journalisten signalisieren durch ihre Fragen an Trump, auf welcher Seite sie stehen, es weht der Geist von „America first“. Was Germany dazu zu sagen hat, interessiert niemanden, warum auch?

Die Einseitigkeit ist schon sehr auffällig. Eigentlich hätte es die Journalisten interessieren müssen, wie Deutschland zu verschiedenen Themen steht. Keine Fragen an Merz zu Zöllen, zur Ukraine, zur Meinungsfreiheit, zur Opposition. Mit dem Anspruch, ein breites Spektrum an Meinungen abbilden zu wollen, hat das eigentlich nichts zu tun. Wenn das die Vorstellung von „Freedom of Speach“ ist, dann können hier Zweifel aufkommen.

Falls diese Fragerunde in Hollywood-Manier gestaltet wurde, dann spräche das eher für Propaganda pro Trump. Wäre es Propaganda, dann wäre das Ziel allerdings erreicht worden: Kein Mensch interessiert sich für das, was Deutschland, vertreten durch Merz, zu sagen hat.

Trump setzt dem Ganzen zum Schluss noch die Krone auf, in dem er die Journalisten auffordert, nun endlich doch auch noch ein paar Fragen an Merz zu richten. Das unterstreicht nochmals das (geplante oder ungeplante) Desinteresse der anwesenden Journalisten, die sich nun fast schon genötigt fühlen, anstandshalber etwas zu fragen.

Merz, der bisher brav wie ein Schüler dem Lehrer zugehört hat, muss nun blitzschnell entscheiden, wie er die „künstlich“ hergestellte Möglichkeit nutzen kann, um, etwas unter Druck, durch die Kürze der Zeit, mit wenigen Worten seinen Standpunkt nach außen zu tragen. Seine konzentrierte Kernbotschaft, die Essenz, die Deutschland aus den USA und die übrige Welt hören soll, ist: Er steht weiter an der Seite der Ukraine und Russland ist ausschließlich das Böse.

Ganz schön raffiniert, denn so hat Trump es geschafft, das Konzentrat der Merz’schen Logik aus ihm herauszupressen.

Beide bekunden den Willen zum Frieden. Gleichzeitig wird jedoch auch klar, was jeder unter Frieden versteht: Merz will „Frieden durch Krieg“ und Trump will „Frieden durch Frieden“.

Auf rund 45 Minuten Trump kommen rund 4 Minuten Merz. Die Minuten drücken exakt die Machtverhältnisse aus.

Hätte Trump vorgehabt, Merz vorzuführen, ihm die Ohren langzuziehen, ihn bis auf die Knochen zu blamieren, er hätte reichlich Möglichkeiten dazu gehabt.

Er hätte Merz fragen können, warum er seinerzeit meinte, dass ihn, Trump, als Arschloch zu bezeichnen, noch gelinde sei. Er hätte ihn fragen können, warum er Trump als Gefahr für die Demokratie ansieht. Trump weiß darum, er hat es jedoch nicht angesprochen, was ist der Grund dafür?

Und Vance, der ebenfalls anwesend war, hätte seine Feststellungen zur Meinungsfreiheit und der „Fire-Wall“ gegen die Opposition, die er auf der Sicherheitskonferenz in München klar formuliert hat, wiederholen können, jetzt, wo doch der Kanzler, als erster Ansprechpartner für Deutschland, persönlich hätte gefragt werden können.

Beim Besuch von Selenskyj haben beide ja auch gewaltig gezeigt, wer hier das Sagen hat.

Nichts! Keine schallende Ohrfeige für Merz, doch nur Erdnussbutter auf’s Sandwich geschmiert. Kein „You don’t have the cards…“, was den Tatsachen entsprechen würde.

Auf politischer Ebene bleibt in den USA nichts, rein gar nichts dem Zufall überlassen. Je länger man darüber nachdenkt, desto klarer kann einem werden, dass das Treffen genau so geplant war, wie es sich abgespielt hat. Aber was genau ist der Plan, der dahintersteckt? Es gibt einen, dass ist so sicher, wie das Amen in der Kirche.

Sollen sich die Deutschen, vor allem die deutsche Politik in Sicherheit wiegen? Wenn das Teil eines Planes wäre, wäre er gelungen, denn in Deutschland wird der Besuch als gelungen und erfolgreich bewertet, aus welchen Gründen auch immer. Inzwischen ist Deutschland ja Weltmeister im Schönreden.

Spannend auch die Vorstellung, wenn man die Phantasie anregt, wie das Gespräch, im Fall Merz ein Monolog, verlaufen wäre, wenn die deutsche Opposition auf dem Stuhl von Merz gesessen hätte.

Es widerspräche der Realität, wenn nicht im Hintergrund ganz andere Ziele verfolgt und Absprachen getroffen würden. Welchen Einfluss auf das Treffen hat der bevorstehende NATO-Gipfel am 24. und 25. Juni 2025 in Den Haag?

Es drängt sich immer mehr der Verdacht auf, dass man es mit zwei Realitäten zu tun hat. Eine, die offiziell verkündet wird, und eine, die den Tatsachen entspricht, die aus welchen Gründen auch immer jedoch zunächst noch im Verborgenen bleibt. Ob das vielleicht sogar gut oder eher schlecht ist, wird die Zukunft zeigen. Klar ist jedoch, dass eine gesteuerte Realität in der Öffentlichkeit verbreitet werden soll, die man durchaus als Propaganda von allen Beteiligten bewerten kann. Da hackt eine Krähe der anderen kein Auge aus. Da heißt es wachsam bleiben und nicht der Versuchung zu erliegen, das zu glauben, was man gerne glauben möchte und von dem man sich wünscht, dass es eintritt.

„Bediene Dich Deines eigenen Verstandes.“ Das ist die Aufgabe der Zeit.

“Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.”

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(Bild von pixabay)

@ 0b65f96a:7fda4c8f

Wir verfolgen die Frage, ob der Funktionslogik der Macht ein Schnippchen zu schlagen ist. Dazu ist es notwendig zu untersuchen, ob sich überhaupt undifferenziert nach „der Zukunft“ fragen lässt? Und es damit auch möglich wäre so allgemein zu antworten. Durch genauere Betrachtung des Problems kommen wir zu dem Ergebnis, dass es auf die allgemein und generell gestellte Frage keine gesellschaftlich fruchtbare Antwort geben kann. Dies ändert sich erst, wenn wir die Frage, und damit auch die Antwort, in Aspekte gliedern. Jeder der Aspekte bedarf einer selbständigen Bearbeitung. Dann erschließt sich die Möglichkeit das Problem der Funktionslogik der Macht durch methodische Differenzierung in der gesellschaftlichen Willensbildung zu lösen.

Prelude

Davon, wie wir die Welt verstehen, hängt ab, wie wir handeln. So gesehen ruft die Frage „Zukunft?“ nach der Frage „Wie verstehen wir die Welt?“. Ein Teil der Welt ist unsere Gesellschaft. Welche Paradigmen legen wir dem Verständnis unserer Gesellschaft zugrunde? Denn von den Paradigmen hängt ab, zu welchen Schlüssen wir kommen und welche Gestaltungsideen für die Zukunft wir haben. Ida Rolf – die Erfinderin der strukturellen Integration, heute besser bekannt als Rolfing – fasste das mal in das schöne Bonmot: „Wenn wir von Großvaters Prämissen ausgehen, kommen wir zu Großvaters Schlüssen.“

Die wichtigste und allgemein anerkannte Prämisse in Bezug auf die Gestaltung unserer Gesellschaft ist die, dass überall „Demokratie“ herrschen müsse und jeder im Grundzug doch wisse, was damit gemeint ist. Dennoch ist es uns bisher nicht nachhaltig gelungen mit ihrer Hilfe das Problem der Funktionslogik der Macht, wie Rainer Mausfeld es nennt, zu lösen. Macht hat, einmal etabliert, immer die Tendenz die eigene Stellung zu festigen und sich auszubreiten, so stellt Mausfeld in seinem Buch Hybris und Nemesis[1] fest. Wenn das gilt, müssen wir irgendwie vor die Konstituierung der Macht kommen, um das Problem ihrer Funktionslogik zu lösen. Könnte es also sein, dass wir unser Demokratieverständnis runderneuern müssen?

Um diese Frage zu beantworten, wollen wir uns zunächst klar machen, was ein Systemverbund ist. Das wird uns helfen zu erkennen, dass die Entscheidung für die Demokratie eine Entscheidung für die Anwendung einer bestimmten Methode ist. Und dass diese Methode wie jede Methode Grenzen hat. Und es darum notwendig ist unsere Bemühungen um die Gestaltung unserer Gesellschaft, um weitere Methoden zu ergänzen.

Ein Systemverbund

Ein Auto ist eine feine Sache. Wir können uns hinein setzen und in Urlaub fahren. Damit das geht, wurden verschiedene Systeme zusammen gefügt. Ein System für die Beschleunigung: der Motor mit Kraftstoffversorgung, dem Getriebe, dem Gaspedal usw. Ein System, um gezielt Entschleunigen zu können: die Bremsbeläge, die Bremsscheiben, die hydraulische Druckübertragung, das Bremspedal usw. Und eines, das die Steuerung erlaubt: das Lenkrad, das Übertragungsgestänge usw. Jedes System hat eine bestimmte Funktion. Es ist auf seine Funktion hin angelegt und ist um seiner Funktion willen in den Systemverbund aufgenommen.

Das Antriebssystem, das Bremssystem und das Lenkungssystem sind in sich selbst schlüssige Systeme. Sie folgen ihrer eigenen Logik und müssen aus ihr gedacht werden. Jedem der Systeme liegt ein autonomer Gedankenzusammenhang zugrunde. Und es ist klar, dass wir keines der Systeme missen können, wenn wir wohlbehalten ans Ziel kommen wollen. Es reicht nicht Gas geben zu können, obwohl wir das im Eifer des Alltags manchmal vergessen und einfach nur los wollen. Neben der Möglichkeit Gas zu geben, brauchen wir die Möglichkeit der gezielten und dosierten Abbremsung. Ebenso, wie die Möglichkeit der eindeutigen Lenkbarkeit unseres Gefährts. Jede der genannten Funktionen wird durch eines der Systeme erfüllt. Alle zusammen machen erst ein Auto aus, das den Fahrer sicher ans Ziel bringen kann. Die dazu notwendigen Funktionen lassen sich nur durch das Zusammenfügen verschiedener Systeme zusammenbringen.

Ein Auto ist ein Beispiel für einen Systemverbund: Mehrere in sich selbst schlüssige Systeme stehen in einem Zusammenhang, der als Ganzes wieder in sich selbst schlüssig und darum funktionstüchtig ist, weil jedes System seinen je spezifischen und unentbehrlichen Beitrag leistet. Etwas anders gesagt: ein Systemverbund ist ein Verbund verschiedener Funktionen. Durch das Zusammenspiel wird etwas möglich, was anders nicht zu erreichen ist. In unserem Beispiel die gezielte und sichere Fortbewegung zu Land.

Der Sinn und die Schlüssigkeit, die jedem der einzelnen Systeme innewohnt erklärt sich allein aus ihm selbst. Ein Lenkungssystem ist nicht aus der Logik eines Antriebssystems zu verstehen. Warum? Weil es eine ganz andere Idee ist „Fortbewegung zu veranlassen“ als „Bewegung gezielt zu lenken“. Jedes System ist darauf angelegt seine spezifische Funktion zu erfüllen. Diesen Grundgedanken müssen wir konsequent bis in die Technik zu Ende führen.

So offensichtlich ein System auf seine eigene Funktion hin zu Ende gedacht und mechanisch umgesetzt werden muss, so selbstverständlich darf es nicht mit den anderen Funktionen interferieren. Es darf z.B. im Getriebe – das Teil des Antriebs ist – nicht irgendwo einen Abzweig geben, der unmittelbar zur Lenkung führt, dorthin Kraft überträgt und diese dadurch beeinflusst. Wäre dem so, würde es ziemlich gefährlich, weil weder Lenkung noch Antrieb zuverlässig ihre Bestimmung erfüllen. Eben so wenig darf es einen Zusammenhang zwischen den Leitungen der Bremshydraulik und Kraftstoffzufuhr geben. Auch das würde dazu führen, dass weder das eine, noch das andere System funktioniert.

Zugegeben, ein Auto ist deutlich komplexer als das Zusammenspiel der drei genannten Systeme. Sie alleine machen bestenfalls ein Rohauto aus. Mit Antrieb, Lenkung und Bremsen (plus einem weiteren System, der tragenden Plattform) zu einem Systemverbund zusammengefügt, können wir aber durchaus schon losfahren und im Urlaub ankommen.

Was gewinnen wir mit dieser Auto-Betrachtung?

• [x] Zunächst die Einsicht, dass in einem Systemverbund mehrere Systeme unterschiedliche Funktionen im gegebenen Zusammenhang erfüllen.
• [x] Des weiteren gewinnen wir die Einsicht, dass die einzelnen Systeme ihre jeweils eigene, nur ihnen inhärente Logik haben. Das liegt nahe, da sie ja je spezifische Funktionen erfüllen müssen. Ihre Logik ergibt sich aus ihrer Funktion.
• [x] Und wir gewinnen die Einsicht, dass der unmittelbare Übergriff eines Systems auf ein anderes zerstörerisch Wirkt.

Zusammengefasst: Ein Systemverbund tut seinen Dienst, wenn die einzelnen Systeme, aus denen er besteht, nur aus ihrer eigenen Funktion heraus gedacht und gebaut sind. Und diese nicht in den Funktionsbereich der anderen Systeme übergreifen. Nur so kann jedes System seine Funktion zuverlässig zum Ganzen beitragen, damit dieses seine ihm zugedachte komplexe Aufgabe erfüllen kann.

Wo die Fahrt hin gehen kann

Wohin die Fahrt gehen soll, ist damit noch nicht gesagt. Allerdings schon, ob sie überhaupt angetreten werden kann. Die Frage des Wohin lässt sich durch Systembetrachtungen nicht beantworten. Dazu müssen völlig andere Aspekte ins Auge gefasst werden. Und insofern wir nicht allein unterwegs sind, stellt sich die Frage, wer eigentlich darüber bestimmen soll?  

Genau da kommt die Demokratie ins Spiel; und üblicherweise eben alleine. Denn sie ist der allein anerkannte Weg der gesellschaftlichen Willensbildung, also Entscheidungsfindung. Die Frage „wo soll die Fahrt hingehen?“ könnte demnach ihr Gegenstand sein. Oder anders – auf der Paradigmenebene – ausgedrückt: Demokratie ist Ausdruck des Mehrheitswillens unserer Großgemeinschaft Staat. Was wir durch sie erreichen wollen, ist eine durch die Mehrheit geschaffene Gestaltung des Gemeinwesens.

Wir meinen im Allgemeinen, dass Demokratie grundsätzlich die einzige Art ist, wie ein gemeinsamer Wille gebildet werden kann. Es soll hier aber die Frage gestellt werden, ob dieses Paradigma uneingeschränkt gilt. Denn sonst erleiden wir womöglich das Schicksal derer, die auf eine nicht gestellte Frage natürlich auch keine Antwort erhalten. Als Resultat tritt Bewusstseinsblindheit auf. Also: Welche Art von gemeinsamem Willen kann Demokratie überhaupt bilden und welche nicht? Denn es ist alles andere als evident, dass es grundsätzlich nur eine Art des gemeinsamen Wollens geben kann.

Willensbildung Klappe 1

Damit sind wir also endlich bei der Frage nach unserem Demokratieverständnis angekommen. Reicht das übliche Verständnis, das wir von Demokratie haben, um eine Gesellschaft als Ganzes zu gestalten? Oder wäre der demokratische Prozess – um an unseren Vergleich mit dem Systemverbund Auto anzuknüpfen, wobei wir an Stelle der Systeme die Methoden der Willensbildung setzen – eher als ein System zu verstehen, das also nur seine Funktion beisteuern kann. Das aber erst zusammen mit anderen Systemen, die jeweils ihre Funktionen beisteuern, einen Systemverbund bilden kann, der die komplexere Funktion der Gesellschaftsbildung möglich macht?

Welche Funktion erfüllt Demokratie? Oder sagen wir etwas vorsichtiger: die Erfüllung welcher Funktion erwarten wir von ihr? Das methodische Konzept der Demokratie ist das Feststellen des Mehrheitswillens. Das Abstimmungsprinzip aber löscht im Ergebnis den Willen des Einzelnen aus und stellt ihn unter ein allgemeines, abstraktes Gesetz. Es ist notwendig ein Rasenmäherprinzip: Als Abstimmender bin ich Rasenmäher, als der vom Beschlossenen betroffene, bin ich der Rasen. Das Abstimmungsprinzip gibt mir wie jedem anderen das Recht mitzubestimmen und nimmt mir das Recht über das Entschiedene allein zu entscheiden. Es macht gleich, denn es zählt nur die Mehrheit. Gesellschaftlicher Friede ist gewährleistet, wenn die so beschlossenen Gesetze für alle gleichermaßen gelten und es keine Privilegien oder Korruption gibt. Die große Forderung einer allgemein anerkannten Rechtsordnung, die Sicherheit durch Gleichheit vor dem Recht garantiert, ist, was wir mittels der Demokratie zu erfüllen suchen. Darauf beruht ihre Stärke. Und damit erfüllt sie die Funktion, die wir von ihr erwarten. Denken wir das in sich selbst zu Ende, macht es Sinn. Die methodische Eigenheit des Abstimmungsprinzips ein Rasenmäherprinzip zu sein, macht uns alle gleich. Mit andern Worten, legt das Abstimmungsprinzip mit seiner gesetzschaffenden Kraft die Grundlage für Sicherheit durch eine Rechtsordnung, die die Forderung nach Gleichheit vor dem Recht erfüllt. Das Abstimmungsprinzip ist also methodisch geeignet einen ganz spezifischen Beitrag zu unserer Gesellschaft als ganzer zu leisten: Die Gesetzgebung zu unserem Gesellschaftsbau beizusteuern.

Bleibt die Frage, wo die Grenzen dieses Prinzips verlaufen. Wenn wir diese essentielle Frage nicht stellen, laufen wir Gefahr kein Bewusstsein dafür zu haben, wenn das demokratische Prinzip in noch zu ortende andere Lebensbereiche funktionswidrig übergreift. Finden wir uns mit der Forderung nach Sicherheit durch Recht und Gesetz in unserem ganzen Sein wieder? Dass wir nicht ohne können und wollen ist klar. Aber ist das alles? Oder gibt es andere Seiten an unserem Wesen, die darum auch Platz haben müssen in unserem Gesellschaftsbau? Wir sagen ja auch nicht „danke, ich habe heute schon getrunken, ich muss heute nicht essen“. Wir trinken und wir essen, beides ist essentiell.

Es ist klar und offensichtlich: Wenn das Schaffen von Recht die angestrebte Funktion des Abstimmungsprinzips ist und sie sauber durch die Gleichheit vor demselben erfüllt werden soll, muss die Methode des Mehrheitsprinzips an der Erfüllung jeder jenseits dieser Forderung liegenden Funktion scheitern.

Aber gibt es überhaupt etwas, was jenseits liegt? Na klar! Denn ebenso, wie wir eine Seite an uns haben, von der wir Gleiche unter Gleichen sind, haben wir eine Seite an uns, von der wir im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes voneinander abhängig sind. Wir hören das in unserem modernen Unabhängigkeitsbewusstsein natürlich nicht gern. Aber es ist so: Es gibt eine Seite an uns, die uns schlicht und einfach komplett abhängig voneinander macht. Hier muss der eine für den anderen tätig werden. Ein durch das demokratische Abstimmungsverfahren geschaffener, abstrakter Ordnungsrahmen allein muss nach dieser Richtung hin zwangsläufig versagen.

Willensbildung Klappe 2

Haben Sie sich mal gefragt, was eigentlich passieren muss, damit ein Auto zustande kommt? Für ein Auto habe ich leider kein plastisches Beispiel zur Hand. Für ein Smartphone schon. Vaclav Smil schreibt dazu in seinem Buch Wie die Welt wirklich funktioniert[2]: „Apples in den USA entworfene iPhones werden in einer in taiwanesischem Besitz befindlichen Fabrik (Hon Hai Precision, an der Börse als Foxconn gehandelt) zusammengebaut, die in Shenzhen in der chinesischen Provinz Guangdong steht. Die Bauteile kommen dabei aus mehr als einem Dutzend Ländern, und die fertigen iPhones werden im Rahmen einer sorgfältig einstudierten Marketing-Choreografie weltweit vertrieben.“ Ohne dieses sich über den ganzen Globus erstreckende Zusammenspiel gäbe es dieses kleine Gerät nicht. Etwas spitz gesagt: Der Gedanke der Wirtschaft dadurch wieder einen menschlichen Anstrich zu geben, dass wir allein den Wert regionaler Kreisläufe betonen, ist nostalgisch und nicht realisierbar. Es entspricht nicht der Wirklichkeit, in der wir leben. Unsere arbeitsteilige Gesellschaft bringt notwendigerweise mit sich, dass wir umfassend füreinander arbeiten und also auch voneinander abhängig sind. Denn wir hätten nicht nur keine Smartphones, sondern auch keine Autoreifen und keinen Kaffee zum Frühstück, wenn wir ausschließlich oder auch nur überwiegend regional wirtschaften wollten. Es ist völlig klar, dass unser modernes Unabhängigkeitsbewusstsein – und mir geht es da auch nicht anders – Amok gegen diese Feststellung der totalen Abhängigkeit läuft. Der Gedanke ist einfach nicht auszuhalten. Doch drehen wir ihn einmal in sein positives Licht: Wir sind umfassend global miteinander verbunden und tragen gegenseitig zum Wohlergehen bei! Die Frage ist schon lange nicht mehr, ob wir weltweit verbunden sind. Sondern ausschließlich die, ob wir einsehen können, dass wir im Feld der Wirtschaft untrennbar miteinander verbunden sind. Und aus dieser Einsicht dann zu besseren Lösungsansätzen kommen können. Dass diese nicht aus dem methodischen Ansatz des Mehrheitsprinzips kommen können, das nur abstrakte Regeln aufstellen kann, liegt auf der Hand.

Für den wirtschaftlichen Prozess in Produktion, Handel und Konsumtion sind vielfältige Aspekte zusammenzutragen. Und diese Vielfalt darf gerade nicht verloren gehen. Und vor allen Dingen: Es braucht Fachkenntnis! Nicht jeder kann zu allem etwas sagen, sondern jeder nur zu dem, was er überblickt. Der methodische Ansatz muss also statt der eines nur formalen Abstimmens zu sein, einer sein, der erlaubt die konkreten verschiedenen Fähigkeiten und Lebenserfahrungen zu integrieren. Nur so gelangen wir in diesem Feld zu Entscheidungen, die der Sache dienen können. Die Methode muss das Zusammentragen von Einzelaspekten, die jeweils an verschiedenen Stellen gegeben sind, erlauben. Ein Modell dieser Art ist der Konsent (das t ist kein Tippfehler). Er erlaubt den kleinsten gemeinsamen Nenner zu bestimmen.[3] Diese „Methode des Zusammentragens von Einzelaspekten", also gegenüber der Abstimmungsmethode – die nur „Ja/Nein" abfragt – geänderte Fragestellung, verändert auch den daraus folgenden Prozess wesentlich. Er wird ein methodischer Prozess der fortwährend integrierenden, also einbindenden Steuerung. Und macht durch das fortlaufende Zusammentragen der verschiedenen Einzelperspektiven und Kenntnisse ein integriertes Urteil möglich. Nur diese Urteilsform erlaubt eine gemeinsame Willensbildung, die im Feld der Befriedigung unserer Bedürfnisse zielführend sein kann.

Neben der Forderung nach einer mehrheitlich anerkannten Rechtsordnung, die nach dem Gleichheitsprinzip realisiert wird und die wir methodisch korrekt mittels des Abstimmungsprinzips beantworten können, können wir nun auch die Forderung nach der Befriedigung unserer Bedürfnisse methodisch sauber beantworten. Das Prinzip der integrativen Urteilsfindung macht es möglich. Ein praktisches Beispiel dafür ist der Konsent-Prozess, wie er im Rahmen der soziokratischen Kreisorganisation in Unternehmen schon seit vielen Jahren geübt wird und methodisch voll entwickelt ist.[4]

Es ist eben irrtümlich zu meinen, dass das allein Entscheidende zur Vermenschlichung der Wirtschaft sei, sie zu regionalisieren. Entscheidend ist, ob nach dem integrativen Prinzip gehandelt wird. Das bringt die Wirklichkeit der weltweiten Arbeitsteilung mit sich. Wir müssen die notwendig von ihr bedingte Zerstückelung bewusst durch die Geste des Zusammenschlusses, der Zusammenarbeit überwinden. Sind wir so weit, ist es nicht so schwer einzusehen, dass hier auch ein anderes Prinzip der Willensbildung als das der Abstimmung greifen muss. Entscheidungen nach einem generalisierenden Mehrheitsprinzip bei dem jeder mitbestimmen kann, haben hier nichts zu suchen. Stattdessen kommt es, wie gesagt, auf eine integrative Urteilsfindung der Fähigen und der Betroffenen an. Was auf diese Weise zustande kommt, hat eine ganz andere Willensqualität. Diese ist nicht auf das Aufstellen von Regeln gerichtet, sondern auf die Gestaltung der Produktion und das Wahrnehmen der Bedürfnisse ausgerichtet. Nur ein Zusammenwirken und eine Entscheidungsfindung auf diese Weise kann unsere Bedürfnisse in der Fülle befriedigen, an die wir gewöhnt sind. Abstrakte Regeln, wie in der Planwirtschaft, als Handlungsanweisungen für wirtschaftliches Handeln sind absolut unproduktiv. Unser wirtschaftlicher Wille ist in die Befriedigung der konkret festzustellenden Bedürfnisse, also die Leistung von entsprechenden Produkten und Dienstleistungen eingespannt.

Die durch die Arbeitsteilung und sinnvolle Zusammenarbeit entstehende Rationalisierung, das sogenannte Kooperationsplus, welches durch die Kooperation entsteht und dadurch unseren Wohlstand ermöglicht, lässt sich übrigens als mathematisches Modell abbilden. Auf der Website www.farmersfable.org wird es anschaulich dargestellt.[5]

Willensbildung Klappe 3

Nun, damit, dass wir getrunken und gegessen haben, ist aber unser ganzes Wesen noch immer nicht vollständig umfasst. Es bleibt eine weitere Blickrichtung, der wir uns zuwenden müssen. Denn auch wenn wir schon getrunken und gegessen haben, müssen wir trotzdem atmen. Das Abstimmungsprinzip ist nach dieser Richtung genauso zum Scheitern verurteilt, wie das Prinzip der integrativen Urteilsfindung. Beide helfen nicht weiter. Das aus dem gleichen Grund, aus dem die Systeme der Be- und Entschleunigung eines Autos nicht die Funktion der Lenkung erfüllen können.

Um was handelt es sich? Wenn Sie jetzt grade diesen Essay lesen, können Sie das Erfassen und Bewerten der Gedanken, die ich Ihnen anbiete, nur ganz alleine leisten.

Wenn ein Autor seine Sache gut macht, schreibt er so, dass Ihnen das Gedankenerfassen leicht gemacht wird, egal, ob Sie ihm nun zustimmend oder ablehnend folgen. Aber ob Sie am Ende die dargelegten Gedanken erfassen, liegt ganz bei Ihnen. Es liegt allein in Ihrer Initiative. Genauso, wie nur van Gogh darüber entscheiden konnte, welchen Farbton er an eine bestimmte Stelle seines Bildes „Sternennacht“ setzte. Oder genauso wie Kopernikus sich zu dem Gedanken durchrang, dass die Sonne den Mittelpunkt unseres Planetensystems bildet. Es gibt einen Aspekt an uns, von dem wir weder Gleiche unter Gleichen sind, noch voneinander abhängig. Es ist der Aspekt unserer ursprünglichen schöpferischen Einmaligkeit. Keine Vorschriften, von außen aufgesetzte Regeln oder irgendwelche Abhängigkeiten helfen da. Der freie Geist will und kann nur aus sich selbst produktiv werden. Das zeigt sich schon am Erfassen eines einzelnen Gedanken. Ein Kulturleben und Bildungseinrichtungen, die diesen Namen verdienen, müssen dem gerecht werden.

Und insofern es hier um eine gemeinsame Willensbildung geht, kann sie immer nur auf freier Initiative und freiem Zuspruch beruhen und nicht auf demokratisch beschlossenen Programmen noch auf wirtschaftlicher Abhängigkeit. Denn diese Willensbildung muss zwangsläufig aus dem Innersten unseres Wesens kommen, sonst ist sie keine Initiative. Es ist eine Willensqualität, die weder in die Notwendigkeiten der Bedürfnisbefriedigung eingespannt, noch dem Rasenmäherprinzip abstrakter Gesetze unterworfen sein kann.

Wir haben es insgesamt also mit drei völlig unterschiedlichen Willensqualitäten und also grundsätzlich unterschiedlichen Arten der Willensbildung zu tun. Soll unser Gesellschaftsbau so geräumig und sinnvoll gestaltet sein, dass wir darin wirklich leben können, muss er dem gerecht werden. Wir müssen entsprechende Formen ausbilden:

• Wir müssen Räume schaffen, in denen der Wille, der der Bedürfnisbefriedigung dient und in sie eingespannt ist, Platz finden kann.
• Und andere Räume, in dem der Wille, sich in einer Rechtsordnung einzufinden, die Sicherheit durch die Gleichheit vor dem Recht garantiert, sich ausleben kann.
• Und Räume, in denen der Wille unserer Individualität, schöpferisch in Freiheit der Entfaltung des eigenen Wesens entgegen zu streben, aufblühen kann.

Wollen wir in Bezug auf letzteres eine konkrete Forderung aufstellen, so liegt nahe Art. 7, Satz 1 des Grundgesetzes ins Auge zu fassen. Er lautet: „Das gesamte Schulwesen steht unter der Aufsicht des Staates.“[6] Das steht natürlich diametral gegen das Ergebnis unserer Untersuchung. Denn es heißt im Klartext ja nichts anderes, als „der Staat erzieht sich vormundschaftlich seine Bürger“. Was wieder nichts anderes heißt, als die Wesensentfaltung unter das Prinzip der Gleichheit zu stellen, die durch demokratisch beschlossene sog. Bildungsprogramme und weisungsgebundene Lehrkräfte realisiert wird. Das kann nicht gehen, weil wahre Entwicklung nur auf Initiative und Liebe zur Sache beruhen kann. Alles andere ist Dressur und Entmündigung. Statt einer Schulanwesenheitspflicht brauchen wir ein Recht auf Bildung unter frei gewählten Bedingungen! Das selbstverständlich nur hervorgehen kann aus einem allgemeinen Recht auf freies Geistesleben.

Wenn wir unser Gesellschaftshaus nicht so bauen, dass ein Raum des freien und also selbst organisierten Geisteslebens gesichert ist, werden wir immer in einer dahinvegetierenden Kultur leben, weil das einzig produktive Element derselben permanent ausgetilgt wird: Der freie, schöpferische und selbstverantwortliche Mensch.

Es gibt übrigens eine ganz friedliche Abkürzung in diese Richtung, insofern Sie selbst kulturell tätig sind: Lehnen Sie die Annahme jeder Zahlung von Steuergeldern ab. Das bewirkt Wunder!

Summa summarum

In der Erkenntnis der verschiedenen Willensqualitäten, die uns eigen sind, liegt des Rätsels Lösung für unsere gesellschaftlichen Konflikte. So gesehen stellt sich die Frage nach „der Zukunft“ nicht als einheitliche dar, sondern als in sich differenziert. Ergo muss auch die Aufforderung „Machen!“ sich differenziert zeigen. Denn davon, wie wir die Welt verstehen, hängt ab, wie wir handeln.

Das Mehrheitsprinzip liefert die Grundlage für eine allgemein anerkannte Ordnung, die Rechtssicherheit durch Gleichheit vor dem Gesetz hervorbringt und Mitbestimmung bei dessen Hervorbringung gewährleistet. Diese Rechtsordnung muss dann durch das staatliche Gewaltmonopol nach innen und außen geschützt werden. Selbstredend unter Einhaltung des Uno Gewaltverbots, wie es in der Charta der Vereinten Nationen Artikel 2 Nr. 4[7] formuliert ist. Und selbstredend unter Einhaltung des Aussagekerns bei Transposition auf das Innenverhältnis, also das Individuum.

Das Prinzip des integrativen Urteils schafft die Möglichkeit der zielführenden kooperativen Arbeit im Wirtschaftsleben, das die durch die Arbeitsteilung gegebene Zersplitterung der Gesellschaft überwinden kann. Not und Elend wären die Folge, wollte jemand versuchen alles zur Befriedigung seiner Bedürfnisse nötige selbst zu machen. Bis der Tag rum wäre, hätte er kaum seine nötigsten Grundbedürfnisse gestillt. Und selbst wenn, bliebe fraglich, ob er den Winter überleben würde, denn dafür müssten Vorräte angelegt werden, also mehr geleistet, als nur das tägliche Überleben. So sehr es gegen unser modernes Bewusstsein der Ungebundenheit auch verstößt: In der wirtschaftlichen Sphäre sind wir voneinander abhängig.

Das Prinzip des individuellen Urteils lässt uns über uns selbst hinaus wachsen. Es macht eine lebendige Kultur denkbar, die die Freiheit des Individuums im Zentrum hat und es weder durch Programme zwingt noch durch Finanzierungen verführt. Ein Anfang wäre, wie gesagt, die Ablösung der Schulpflicht durch ein Recht auf selbstorganisierte Bildung, das sich allgemein in ein Recht auf ein freies Geistesleben für jedermann fortsetzt. Welche Gestalt dieses Leben annimmt, ist – im Rahmen der Menschenrechte – natürlich eine ganz individuelle Entscheidung jedes einzelnen. Wes Geistes Kind wir sein wollen liegt in unserer eigenen Hand.

Grenzen der Mechanik

Mit unserem Blick auf einen mechanischen Systemverbund, das Auto, haben wir natürlich kurz gegriffen. Zu kurz, um die volle Wirklichkeit gesellschaftlichen Lebens zu erfassen. Denn wir sind lebendige Wesen. Also müssen wir unsere Gesellschaft auch lebendig denken. Andererseits hat die Beschränkung unseres Vergleiches auf das Feld der Mechanik den Vorteil, dass unmissverständlich deutlich wird: ein System muss seine Funktion zum Ganzen beitragen; das kann es nur, wenn es in sich schlüssig gedacht und gebaut ist. Und dadurch in der Erfüllung seiner Funktion mit den anderen Systemen zu einem komplexeren Ganzen werden kann.

Das gleiche gilt für Methoden: Methoden erfüllen Funktionen. Dass sie ihre spezifische Funktion erfüllen können, bringt zwangsläufig mit sich, dass sie andere nicht erfüllen können. Die Erkenntnis der unterschiedlichen Willensqualitäten macht eine differenzierte Antwort auf die soziale Frage möglich: Wir brauchen drei unterschiedliche methodische Ansätze, um unsere Gesellschaft als Ganzes menschenwürdig zu gestalten. Unterschlagen wir auch nur eine, leugnen wir einen Teil unseres Wesens. Setzen wir sie falsch ein hat es zerstörerische Wirkung. Das muss auf Dauer zu sozialen Verwerfungen führen, die sich im Innern oder Äußern als Unfrieden, ja Krieg, zeigen.

Ein Blick in den Rückspiegel

Zurückblickend können wir also feststellen, dass es möglich ist der Funktionslogik der Macht ein Schnippchen zu schlagen. Durch unsere methodischen Überlegungen kommen wir vor die Konstituierung einer sich zusammenballenden unterschiedslosen und darum krankhaften Macht. Am Ende stellen wir fest, dass die von Mausfeld konstatierte Funktionslogik der Macht nur unter der Voraussetzung eines undifferenzierten Menschen- und damit Gesellschaftsbildes gilt. Statt Macht als etwas zentral Einheitliches aufzufassen, erkennen wir die Notwendigkeit einer Gliederung unserer Gesellschaft in verschiedene Bereiche, in denen wir es mit verschiedenen Qualitäten von Willen zu tun haben.

Quellhinweis

Wir haben mit dieser Betrachtung Ideen des wissenschaftlichen Ansatzes der Dreigliederung des sozialen Organismus verfolgt. Der auf Rudolf Steiner zurückgehende Vorschlag Gesellschaft dreigegliedert zu verstehen ist mittlerweile über 100 Jahre alt. Steiner hat ihn zuerst in seiner Schrift Die Kernpunkten der sozialen Frage[8] ausgeführt und in einer ganzen Reihe von Vorträgen und Aufsätzen weiter erläutert.  

Das Ideenfeld soziale Dreigliederung ist ein Erkenntnisansatz. Er eröffnet die Möglichkeit eines gemeinsamen Bewusstseins von den Bedingungen und Notwendigkeiten der verschiedenen Lebensfelder. Steiner hat immer wieder betont, dass sich die daraus ergebenden zeitgemäßen und praktischen Lösungen jedoch nur in der konkreten Situation finden lassen. So gesehen sind alle im Rahmen von Erörterungen der Dreigliederungsgedanken genannten Lösungsvorschläge nie mehr als Beispiele. Es liegt auf der Hand, dass dem so sein muss, denn es geht ja immer um gemeinsame Willensbildung.

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Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.

Noch nicht auf Nostr? Hier entlang zum leichten Einstieg!

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Patric I. Vogt, geb. 1968 in Mainz. Autor von „Zukunft beginnt im Kopf Ein Debattenbeitrag zur Kernsanierung von Rechtsstaat und Demokratie“. Lebt als freischaffender Künstler, Lehrer und Unternehmer. Über drei Jahrzehnte Beschäftigung mit dem Ideenfeld soziale #Dreigliederung und Anthroposophie. Moderation und Mediation von sozialen Prozessen und Organisationsentwicklung. Staatlich ungeprüft, abgesehen von den Fahrerlaubnissen zu Land und zu Wasser. Motto: Gedanken werden Worte, werden Taten! www.perspektivenwechsel.social

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Verweise

[1] Vergl. Mausfeld, Rainer: Hybris und Nemesis. Wie uns die Entzivilisierung von Macht in den Abgrund führt – Einsichten aus 5000 Jahren (Westend 2023), S. 64

[2] Smil, Vaclav: Wie die Welt wirklich funktioniert. Die fossilen Grundlagen unserer Zivilisation und die Zukunft der Menschheit. (C. H. Beck, 1923), S.143

[3] Für eine genauere Beschreibung des Konsent als Beispiel für das Prinzip der integrativen Entscheidungsfindung siehe mein Buch Zukunft beginnt im Kopf. Vogt, Patric: Zukunft beginnt im Kopf. Ein Debattenbeitrag zur Kernsanierung von Rechtsstaat und Demokratie (BoD, 2024), S. 39ff und 115ff

[4] Ein kurzes Einführungsvideo in das Modell der soziokratischen Kreisorganisation stellt Christian Rüther zur Verfügung: www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOnA0kgXRlc. Ebenso Sociocracy For All: www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3JJotOJ7kI.

[5] Auf www.researchers.one/articles/19.03.00004v1 ist ein Paper von O. Peters und A. Adamou verfügbar, das die hinter der Fabel stehende Mathematik herleitet: Ole Peters und Alexander Adamou: An evolutionary advantage of cooperation (2019).

[6] https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gg/art_7.html

[7] www.unric.org/de/charta

[8] Steiner, Rudolf: Die Kernpunkte der sozialen Frage in den Lebensnotwendigkeiten der Gegenwart und Zukunft (Institut für soziale Dreigliederung 2019. Studienausgabe, herausgegeben und kommentiert von Sylvain Coiplet, Erstausgabe des Originals 1919)

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• Universal open network for all apps. Build any kind of app for any audience, on the same network as other apps for other audiences. Discover new trends from user data.
• Unregulated tech platform. Build your own app and use it as you wish. No gate keepers. No code review. 

Sovereignty is good for business.

Regardless of the network size, a Nostr integrated app can grow its user base MUCH faster and with greater independence BECAUSE of the sovereignty respecting protocol. While end users may retain custody of their identities and data on the network, it’s the apps that determine which data is, or is not, sent to the network. Respect for sovereignty IS the killer feature that ONLY the Nostr protocol provides for apps and for end users.

Because Nostr is permissionless for any app to integrate :

• end users will always have a free market of apps choose from
• apps are free to integrate only as much as benefits their business model.
• apps gain access to more novel data as new apps bring new users to the network.

Because data on Nostr is managed by end users and available to all apps :

• User data looses exclusivity and the demand shifts toward novel insights and information derived from these data.
• Apps are freed from having to be “data pirates”, and can focus on establishing a trusted user base, providing valuable services to satisfied customers, informed by the abundance of user data.
• Apps are incentivized to offload data onto the network, establishing a new paradigm for interconnectivity, where independence is NOT at stake as the network grows.
• New markets spring up to support users with self custody of their data, driven by the reality that apps can have full access without assuming responsibility.
• The market for search and algo tools opens up for independent apps and end users to discover and interact freely with each other.
• The ad based “attention economy” slowly transforms to a value based consumer economy, where the end user is the customer rather than the product being sold.

Even while privacy is respected

Sometimes sovereignty is at odds with privacy, but Nostr allows all parties to win while both are protected.

• For end users sending sensetive data "to Nostr", privacy is assured by encrypting it with their own private keys and/or sending it to private (auth required) relays of their choosing.
• For apps handling private IP or business data, any traditional “black box” infrastructure can be used in the back end to manitain isolation from Nostr.

This means apps and end users remain in control of their own private data, without requiring “big social” as trust provider or data reseller. To access a user's private data, client apps (even search engines, running locally) only need explicit permission from the end user to retrieve or decrypt from Nostr relays. Public data, on the other hand, is freely available for any app or search engine to harvest from any Nostr relay. In either case, user data on the Nostr network is always accessible to client apps, without additional restrictions or fees.

Nostr is for every app.

Adding social to any app makes it a better app. Add reviews for products or services. Add commenting or direct messaging. Share or collaborate on content creation. Nostr integration is straightforward and incremental for any app.

Nostr doesn't define your app's business model ... Nostr 10X's it!

Here's how :

1. Start with your own business and app design. Add Nosrr login.
2. Discover what "kinds" of user data already exists "on Nostr" that your app can ingest and make use of.
3. Decide which "kinds" of data would benefit your business, your users, and the network, if sent "to Nostr".
4. Implement Nostr integration for data kinds and add webs of trust tools for recommendation and discovery.
5. Verify your app is sovereignty respecting in how it handles private data and implements Nostr NIPs.
6. Engage with existing users, and onboard new users from your app, to earn their trust and patronage over Nostr.

For more info and assistance, contact our team of Nostr integration experts.

@ 90c656ff:9383fd4e

When people talk about Bitcoin, it’s often described as a digital currency or a “speculative investment.” However, one of Bitcoin’s most fundamental and least understood roles is its function as a settlement network. To understand this, it’s worth comparing it with traditional settlement systems like SWIFT and exploring how Bitcoin offers a foundational layer for global value transfer decentralized and censorship-resistant.

First, let’s explain the difference between liquidity and settlement:

• Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset can be converted into “money” without losing value.

• Settlement is the process of completing a transaction (actual transfer of value between parties).

SWIFT: The communication layer of the traditional financial system

The SWIFT system (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) is a network for communication between banks. It doesn’t move money directly but sends standardized messages that instruct financial institutions to perform transfers. The process involves multiple intermediaries, is costly, slow (can take days), and depends on trust between parties and local regulations.

Unlike SWIFT, Bitcoin is a self-sufficient network that enables the direct settlement of value between two parties, without the need for intermediaries. With each block mined, transactions are validated and recorded immutably in a global, transparent, and secure database: the timechain or "blockchain".

01 - Final settlement: Once a transaction is confirmed by a sufficient number of blocks, it is considered final and irreversible.

02 - Censorship resistance: There is no central entity that can block or reverse a valid transaction.

03 - Global availability: The network is accessible 24/7 anywhere in the world with internet access.

Just as gold once served as the foundation of monetary systems, Bitcoin is establishing itself as a base layer of digital value. This layer can support others, such as:

01 - The Lightning Network, which enables near-instant transactions with extremely low fees;

02 - Tokenized financial services, which can use Bitcoin as collateral or for inter-institutional settlement.

By functioning as a public and neutral settlement network, Bitcoin offers an alternative to the traditional system, which is fragmented, closed, and reliant on trust between institutions.

In summary, more than just a speculative asset, Bitcoin is emerging as a global financial infrastructure. As a settlement network, it removes intermediaries, reduces costs, increases security, and democratizes access to value transfer. In an increasingly interconnected and digital world, understanding Bitcoin’s role as a base layer may be key to understanding the future of money.

Thank you very much for reading this far. I hope everything is well with you, and sending a big hug from your favorite Bitcoiner maximalist from Madeira. Long live freedom!

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

BTCPay Server: The Backbone of Bitcoin Commerce, 2025

The genesis story of BTCPay Server is without a doubt one of the most iconic moments in Bitcoin history. A single developer, feeling betrayed by Bitpay, a bitcoin payments processing giant and its attempt at co-opting Bitcoin, declared economic war on the company in a tweet that will never be forgotten by the Bitcoin industry; “This is lies, my trust in you is broken, I will make you obsolete.”

Nicolas Dorier went on to create one of the most widely distributed open source projects in the Bitcoin industry and perhaps the invoicing and payments industry as a whole: BTCPay Server. Much has been written about the context and motivation behind Dorier’s founding of the project — there’s even a documentary about it. 

What’s seldom highlighted is how ambitious a project BTCPay Server is, how feature-rich it has become and how deeply integrated it is with the industry. In fact, it is easy to forget that as an open source project with no centralized database of users, BTCPay Server is both a massive privacy upgrade for its users and represents the removal of a fundamental middleman processing payments. As a result, Dorier and the BTCPay Server community have created a public goods infrastructure — a kind of commons of payment processing — that provides users real value by saving them fees, and providing them a much smoother user experience given that no personal information is required for the payments to flow.

Humbly described on their website as “a self-hosted, open-source cryptocurrency payment processor,” BTCPay Server is an invoicing and accounting system for merchants, a fully featured Bitcoin wallet with full node capabilities; on-chain, Lightning Network and Liquid Network support; hardware wallet support; and a modular plugin system. The plugins in particular extend the core of BTCPay Server into a wide range of niches. They also integrate into e-commerce giants such as WooCommerce and Shopify. 

It is somewhat difficult to gauge the success and scope of BTCPay Server. Because it is a self-hosted platform that does not capture customer data of any kind — it has no central cloud service as other payment processors do — our view into its success is somewhat limited. 

However, we can get a sense of their reach by proxy of other metrics, for example, their primary software repository has had over 170 open source contributors, with 8,393 commits at the time of writing. 

As of 2025, BTCPay Server has had one million downloads directly from its GitHub repository, which does not account for cloud providers of the software as hosted by companies like Voltage or Lunanode. It is also often the case that one instance of BTCPay Server serves multiple merchants and hosts multiple stores simultaneously. 

R0ckstardev, one of the top contributors to the project, told Bitcoin Magazine that there could be hundreds of thousands of instances of BTCPay Server running throughout the world. Tobe Chileta, a contributor to the project, also told Bitcoin Magazine that “of the seven continents of the world, I think it is only Antarctica that I haven’t seen someone run BTCPay server.” He added, “I’m certain we have merchants running in Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe and Australia.”

Companies

BTCPay Server’s website business directory, while far from exhaustive, covers hundreds of merchants onboarded. The BTCPay Server community also does regular case studies of user cohorts or major merchants that use the software, documenting their integration and story in their case studies page. It gives fantastic insights into a variety of Bitcoin communities throughout the world and includes useful guides on how to replicate various results and implementations.

Namecheap, for example, boasted over 70 million dollars’ of bitcoin volume since their integration of BTCPay Server. From May 18, 2020, to October 2024 they clocked in 1.1m transactions in total with over 500,000 users paying in bitcoin, resulting in over $73 million in revenue through payments made from over 200 countries. 

BTC Inc, the parent company of the biggest Bitcoin conference in the world, has for years been setting up BTCPay Server for its merchants, and even has a one-hour behind-the-scenes documentary on the complexities of setting up dozens of merchants at a conference (filmed during the Nashville 2024 Bitcoin conference). The event saw over 25,000 attendees, including the 47th president of the U.S., Donald J. Trump.

In this most recent Bitcoin 2025 conference in Las Vegas, BTCPay Server was used to process a new world record of Bitcoin transactions within an eight-hour period, with 4,187 transactions in total. The initial target was 4,000 transactions and was set by the Guinness World Records organization. 

Integrations and Plugins

One of the most important dimensions of BTCPay Server is its plugin system. Given the wide variety of ways companies can interact with Bitcoin, the developer community has optimized the BTCPay Server code toward a plugin model that developers can build for with a well-documented set of GitHub repos and an API. Today there are over 30 plugins available on BTCPay Server. Here are some of the greatest hits:

Boltz Swap Exchange Plugin

Boltz is an atomic swap exchange focused on the various Bitcoin layers such as Liquid, Lightning, Rootstock and of course Bitcoin on-chain. It has gained prominence of late as a very simple solution to the channel rebalancing challenges Lightning wallets face. R0ckstardev told Bitcoin Magazine that he is particularly impressed with the Boltz integration, and even tweeted as much earlier this year. 

I've recently been going through the code of @Boltzhq plugin for @BtcpayServer, what jackstar12 & @kilrau have done there is an absolutely l33t engineering.

It's a literal crime against humanity that what they've done was not featured more in Bitcoin media.

— Uncle Rockstar Developer (@r0ckstardev) April 24, 2025

Branded as a noncustodial Bitcoin Bridge, Boltz allows users to swap between different Bitcoin layers while retaining maximum control of their funds, using atomic swap technology that eliminates third-party trust across crypto-native payments. For example, you can use Boltz via BTCPay Server to make a Lightning payment, where the sats are initially held at rest in a Liquid network wallet and are pulled from that balance by the Boltz plugin. The L-BTC is atomically swapped for sats on the Lightning Network via the Boltz exchange and the satoshis flow to the end recipient. This whole process is effectively noncustodial.

This is the same type of “lightning service provider” style infrastructure with which Breez wallet recently announced integration. While it is not quite as cheap as a user-operated Lightning node can be in the best of cases, it is far easier to set up and run — only demanding a few clicks on the BTCPay Server interface. As far as BTCPay Server is concerned, this Boltz plugin represents a full Lightning node, integrating natively with the invoicing and accounting layers. 

This tech also scales quite well: One BTCPay Server admin can support many different merchants and not even have to run or manage a standard Lightning node, since the plugin supports automated liquidity management. 

The Bolt Cards Plugin

The Bolt card, a company and product created by the Coincenter exchange, has come into prominence recently thanks to its unique graphics and the laser-eyes that light up on tap-to-pay. They, too, have a BTCPay Server plugin that lets users manage and connect these cool NFC cards to their wallets via the plugin.

BITCOIN IS MONEY.

AND AT @THEBITCOINCONF WE WILL PAY IN STYLE, WITH @JACK LASER-EYES BOLT CARDS.

ONLY 1,000 AVAILABLE, GET YOURS ON MAY 28TH. [pic.twitter.com/fDrZW5TGCv](https:

@ 37666b60:3698ff14

Hello

@ 37666b60:3698ff14

Hello

@ 4898fe02:4ae46cb0

I had a bit of extra time this week to attend a call organized by @jeffg (npub1zuuajd7u3sx8xu92yav9jwxpr839cs0kc3q6t56vd5u9q033xmhsk6c2uc) regarding a privacy focused project he's been working on for the last year-or-so. Shout-out to @niftynei (npub1e0z776cpe0gllgktjk54fuzv8pdfxmq6smsmh8xd7t8s7n474n9smk0txy) for encouraging me to do so, pushing my somewhat out of my comfort zone in reporting on technical updates.

Also, if you know of or are involved in similar dev calls and would like a report done, please reach out and feel free to share calendar updates.

--@Car would be awesome to see this talked about on SNL later today, as it seems to be a very important/overlooked project for the future of privacy, nostr and bitcoin broadly.

Anyway, here's the unschooled report--my technical explanations may sometimes be scant, but I've done my best to provide more qualified sources where necessary.

---

Bringing Secure, Confidential Group Chats to Nostr - A Monthly MLS on Nostr Dev Call

Posted originally to Stacker News ~nostr territory

Developers met Tuesday, 3 Jun at 1600UTC at what would be the first of a monthly series of community calls to discuss updates and respond to questions about the implementation of the MLS (Messaging Layer Security) standard over nostr.

@jb55 (npub1klkk3vrzme455yh9rl2jshq7rc8dpegj3ndf82c3ks2sk40dxt7qulx3vt)) @hodlbod (npub1jlrs53pkdfjnts29kveljul2sm0actt6n8dxrrzqcersttvcuv3qdjynqn), Max Hillebrand (npub1klkk3vrzme455yh9rl2jshq7rc8dpegj3ndf82c3ks2sk40dxt7qulx3vt) and @jeffg (npub1zuuajd7u3sx8xu92yav9jwxpr839cs0kc3q6t56vd5u9q033xmhsk6c2uc) among others attended and contributed to a discussion about the latter's research and development on implementing a new messaging standard on nostr using MLS.

The call highlighted some of the features of MLS, a relatively new (as of 2023) secure and confidential messaging and group-chat protocol standard. It is modeled to achieve a similar level of security as Signal, prioritizing forward-secrecy and post-compromise security, multi-device compatibility, as well as the ability to scale for large groups.

For those not familiar,

Forward secrecy means that encrypted content in the past remains encrypted even if key material is leaked.\ Post compromise security means that leaking key material doesn't allow an attacker to continue to read messages indefinitely into the future. ^1

Developers working on the project indicated that it will be an improvement on current instant-messaging standards commonly used by nostr clients, such as nip17, for a relatively simple implementation.

Those in attendance overall showed enthusiasm to push this project forward and developers interested are being encouraged to fork the the Nostr-MLS Rust Library to begin working it into their stack. Notably, @jeffg and Hillebrand are keen to see new contributors work on the project.

Participants had the opportunity to ask technical questions about how the library handles some features as well as how to begin contributing.

Discussion also centered around issues with MLS (such as potential key-package rotation DOS attack vectors and de-syncing) as well as some key concepts for the new messaging standard such as how key-packages are signed by a users nsec and published to key-package inbox relays before being rotated.

Proofs of Concept

White Noise and 0xchat both have implemented MLS on nostr. These are the first to prove that the concept of secure-confidential group messaging is possible over the distributed nostr-relay protocol.

Learn More

@jeffg has kept detailed project updates on his nostr account. Notably, the post MLS Over Nostr explains the vision he has for the project and his presentation The Past and Future of Messaging on Nostr (youtube) gives a high-level overview of messaging on nostr and the problems he is working to solve.

Follow @jeffg (npub1zuuajd7u3sx8xu92yav9jwxpr839cs0kc3q6t56vd5u9q033xmhsk6c2uc) on your favourite nostr clinent for call updates.

Link to join.

---

Related:

Telegram Clone (sic) on Nostr: Live Demo by @DarthCoin White Noise: Secure Messaging Over Nostr by @supratic

https://stacker.news/items/998963

@ e2c72a5a:bfacb2ee

The Trump-Musk Feud Just Crashed Bitcoin's Party (And Your Portfolio)

While everyone was celebrating Bitcoin's climb toward $105K, a political spat between two billionaires just wiped out $308 million in long positions overnight.

The intensifying feud between Donald Trump and Elon Musk has triggered Bitcoin's sharpest pullback in months, proving once again that crypto markets remain dangerously vulnerable to the whims of powerful personalities.

What's truly revealing isn't the price action but the market's reaction: Bitcoin ETFs flipped to $278 million in outflows while Ethereum ETFs maintained their 14-day inflow streak. This suggests institutional investors are beginning to view Ethereum as the more stable alternative during political volatility.

Meanwhile, Michael Saylor's Strategy quadrupled its stock offering from $250 million to $1 billion to buy more Bitcoin, and Japan's Metaplanet announced plans to acquire 91,000 BTC in the next 18 months. The smart money is buying the dip while retail investors panic.

Are you positioning yourself with the institutions who see this as an accumulation opportunity, or with the traders who just lost hundreds of millions on liquidated positions?

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

Starting January 1, 2026, the United Kingdom will impose some of the world’s most stringent reporting requirements on cryptocurrency firms.

All platforms operating in or serving UK customers-domestic and foreign alike-must collect and disclose extensive personal and transactional data for every user, including individuals, companies, trusts, and charities. 

This regulatory drive marks the UK’s formal adoption of the OECD’s Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF), a global initiative designed to bring crypto oversight in line with traditional banking and to curb tax evasion in the rapidly expanding digital asset sector.

What Will Be Reported?

Crypto firms must gather and submit the following for each transaction:

• User’s full legal name, home address, and taxpayer identification number
• Detailed data on every trade or transfer: type of cryptocurrency, amount, and nature of the transaction
• Identifying information for corporate, trust, and charitable clients

The obligation extends to all digital asset activities, including crypto-to-crypto and crypto-to-fiat trades, and applies to both UK residents and non-residents using UK-based platforms. The first annual reports covering 2026 activity are due by May 31, 2027.

Enforcement and Penalties

Non-compliance will carry stiff financial penalties, with fines of up to £300 per user account for inaccurate or missing data-a potentially enormous liability for large exchanges. The UK government has urged crypto firms to begin collecting this information immediately to ensure operational readiness.

Regulatory Context and Market Impact

This move is part of a broader UK strategy to position itself as a global fintech hub while clamping down on fraud and illicit finance. UK Chancellor Rachel Reeves has championed these measures, stating, “Britain is open for business – but closed to fraud, abuse, and instability”. The regulatory expansion comes amid a surge in crypto adoption: the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority reported that 12% of UK adults owned crypto in 2024, up from just 4% in 2021.

Enormous Risks for Consumers: Lessons from the Coinbase Data Breach

While the new framework aims to enhance transparency and protect consumers, it also dramatically increases the volume of sensitive personal data held by crypto firms-raising the stakes for cybersecurity.

The risks are underscored by the recent high-profile breach at Coinbase, one of the world’s largest exchanges.

In May 2025, Coinbase disclosed that cybercriminals, aided by bribed offshore contractors, accessed and exfiltrated customer data including names, addresses, government IDs, and partial bank details. 

The attackers then used this information for sophisticated phishing campaigns, successfully deceiving some customers into surrendering account credentials and funds.

“While private encryption keys remained secure, sufficient customer information was exposed to enable sophisticated phishing attacks by criminals posing as Coinbase personnel.”

Coinbase now faces up to $400 million in compensation costs and has pledged to reimburse affected users, but the incident highlights the systemic vulnerability created when large troves of personal data are centralized-even if passwords and private keys are not directly compromised. The breach also triggered a notable drop in Coinbase’s share price and prompted a $20 million bounty for information leading to the attackers’ capture.

The Bottom Line

The UK’s forthcoming crypto reporting regime represents a landmark in financial regulation, promising greater transparency and tax compliance. However, as the Coinbase episode demonstrates, the aggregation of sensitive user data at scale poses a significant cybersecurity risk.

As regulators push for more oversight, the challenge will be ensuring that consumer protection does not become a double-edged sword-exposing users to new threats even as it seeks to shield them from old ones.

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

I’ve written before about the distinction between a platform, like Gmail or X, and a protocol, like SMTP or nostr. The former is typically owned and centrally controlled, the latter permissionless and open to everyone. For example, Google can ban you from using its email client, but no one can prevent you from using email itself because no one owns the email protocol.

Language is also a protocol, in fact every language including English. Anyone, even your worst enemy who knows it can make himself understood by those who understand it. Dictionaries and grammar guides exist, but over time even they bend to common usage and are forced to include new words and rules over time because no one owns or unilaterally controls the language.

Nonetheless that doesn’t prevent people from trying. If large companies ban you from using their communications platforms like Facebook, X and Gmail, it can severely constrict your reach. Banks can’t prevent you from using physical dollars, but they can cancel your credit cards and close your accounts, if for example you’ve decided to support Canadian truckers protesting their government, making it difficult for you to transact in a society largely run on their digital rails.

Over the last few years we even saw brazen attempts to turn language into a protocol via preferred pronouns, political correctness and a government-funded “disinformation” industry. The idea was that you had to “log in” with your correct view and accurate information credential before you could participate in a discussion about a wide array of sensitive topics. If you questioned the safety and efficacy of vaccines, the fairness of the 2020 election or the origins of the Covid virus you often found yourself denied reach on various platforms and labeled “anti-vax,” “anti-science,” an “election denier” or a “conspiracy theorist.”

These labels served to circumvent substantive discussion by denying basic standing such that there was no path to a hearing on the merits. If you did not signal your bona fides via adherence to certain preferred edicts, your perspective was often summarily dismissed, not only by individuals, but also institutions at the behest of which the modern public square is administered.

In short, centralized platforms, responding to government pressure, attempted to turn self-expression and in some cases even language itself into platform. As it turns out, that attempt was a violation of the law, at least in the United States, where we have a First Amendment:

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

That the First Amendment was violated over the last five years (and is still being violated now, though more with respect to what you can say about Israel and the conflict raging therein) is not surprising. The Constitution is merely a piece of paper and as such wholly dependent on succeeding generations’ willingness to stand up for it. Governments are always, by their nature, top down and fascistic insofar as they use force to achieve their desired ends, and it would be naive to think a piece of paper should stop them from doing so given a sufficiently compliant populace.

Put differently, the consecrated ideas in the piece of paper must be perpetuated to retain their binding effect. And rational arguments as to their supremacy over the expedience of the day (“people are dying, it’s a once in a century pandemic!”) often fall on propagandized ears. A list of sacrosanct principles is no failsafe for mass formation psychosis, and sophisticated and powerful factions have learned to foment manias as needed to overwhelm the average person’s dedication to them.

But just as gunpowder to some extent democratized the use of force 600 years ago, the spread of new technologies has the potential to enforce the First Amendment in perpetuity in a way the Framers with their pen and paper could not. In fact, we can re-write the First Amendment for the modern digital age in simplified form:

Religion and speech are ever protocols, never platforms.

In essence, no centralized entity can control, capture or censor them. But instead of simply stating this as a matter of principle, we can now, via Bitcoin and nostr, instantiate it into a decentralized ecosystem with the use of distributed nodes and unbreakable encryption. All the king’s horses and all the king’s men would more have as much chance of re-assembling Humpty Dumpty, contra the laws of entropy, as cracking your private keys. Inducing manias in the general public and using it as a lever on centralized gatekeepers works only at the platform level, but necessarily fails versus a distributed protocol.

The solution then in the face of an indifferent and obedient population to restoring the principles on which freedom and the prospect of human prosperity depend is to develop and use unstoppable, uncensorable technology, i.e., digital protocols, to circumvent the walled-garden platforms run by centralized tech behemoths. Yes, advocating for the principles in the founding documents is good and useful, but building and using tools that instantiate them is also necessary.

If enough people transact peer to peer in bitcoin rather than over the closed-circuit rails of the global banking system, and enough people share information over nostr, rather than via the centralized tech platforms, laws and actions that violate free speech would be as effective as ones outlawing gravity or laws of thermodynamics.

The next revolution won’t be with the guillotine or the pitchfork, but bottom-up person to person, permissionless interaction and transaction. You can still be excommunicated from the platforms by their commissars and state apparatchiks, but their edicts no longer run merely afoul of a consecrated piece of paper — they come up against an infrastructure over which they no longer have enforceable jurisdiction.

@ 28e13303:84bb7266

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It’s used for:

Demoing wallet UIs Simulating proof-of-funds Testing address behavior Educating others on mempool mechanics It’s not real BTC, not spendable, and not traceable after expiry.

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Need to flash BTC to any wallet instantly — no confirmations, no real transfer, no trace?\ Want full control to send unlimited flash bitcoin transactions?\ You’re exactly where high-level blockchain testers and pros shop.

---

What Is Flash Bitcoin?

Flash Bitcoin is a simulated BTC transaction that appears in a wallet instantly — without ever being confirmed on-chain. The BTC looks real, shows in the wallet balance, and disappears after a defined time or block limit.

It’s used for:

• Demoing wallet UIs
• Simulating proof-of-funds
• Testing address behavior
• Educating others on mempool mechanics

It’s not real BTC, not spendable, and not traceable after expiry.

---

Want a One-Time Send?

Buy Flash Bitcoin Now – No Software Needed

 Buy Flash Bitcoin

Just drop your wallet address, choose the amount, and get a one-time Flash BTC send to test or simulate instantly.

 Works with SegWit & Legacy addresses

 Vanishes after expiration time

 100% clean – no miner confirmation

 Great for demo proofs & offline wallet tests

---

Need More Control? Choose Your FlashBitGen License

FlashBitGen is a powerful Flash Bitcoin software suite that gives you full transaction control — from wallet targeting to block delay and expiry timing.

---

FlashBitGen Basic

Start flashing today with the entry-level license.\ Perfect for beginners and single-user setups.

• Flash up to 2 BTC per send
• Desktop compatible (Windows/PC)
• Manual input, one-at-a-time sends
• Great for demo testing

---

FlashBitGen Pro License

Go Pro and unlock multi-threaded flashing.

• Flash up to 10 BTC
• Queue multiple wallet addresses
• Choose block-based or time-based expiry
• Custom sender scripts available
• Great for educators, devs, or UI testers

---

FlashBitGen Elite

The most advanced flash bitcoin software on the market.

• Unlimited flashing
• Smart flash mode (randomized delay, expiry)
• Stealth routing support
• Optional mobile APK support
• Full admin dashboard
• Clean logging & automation features

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FlashBitGen Software – Quick Overview

Feature	Basic	Pro	Elite
Max BTC per send	2 BTC	10 BTC	Unlimited
Multi-address support
Expiry customization	Basic	Advanced	Smart logic
Flash logging & reports		Partial	Full
Mobile flash support (APK)		Optional	Yes

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Flash BTC for Any Use Case

Whether you’re:

• A crypto dev building wallet front-ends
• An educator running blockchain classes
• A tester simulating proof-of-balance
• A researcher evaluating UX/alerts

FlashBitGen gives you realistic BTC visuals without real BTC risk.

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Legal Note

These tools are for testing, demo, or research use only. Do not use to deceive vendors, commit fraud, or fake financials in real-world environments.

You are 100% responsible for how you use Flash BTC software.

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Get Flashing Now

 Choose your license

 Download or receive your flash

 Start sending realistic BTC without spending a sat

Order Now:

• Buy Flash Bitcoin (1-Time Send)
• FlashBitGen Basic License
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 For fast help or private flash deals:

 Telegram: @cryptoflashingtool

 WhatsApp: +1 770-666-2531

@ 3eab247c:1d80aeed

Global Metrics

Here are the top stats from the last period:

• Total Bitcoin-accepting merchants: 15,306 → 16,284
• Recently verified (1y): 7,540 → 7,803 (the rest of our dataset is slowly rotting; help us before it's too late!)
• Avg. days since last verification: 398 → 405 (more mappers, please)
• Merchants boosted: 22 (for a total of 4,325 days, someone is feeling generous)
• Comments posted: 34

Find current stats over at the 👉 BTC Map Dashboard.

Merchant Adoption

Steak n’ Shake

The US 🇺🇸 is a massive country, yet its BTC Map footprint has been lagging relative to other countries ... that is until now!

In what came as a nice surprise to our Shadowy Supertaggers 🫠, the Steak ’n Shake chain began accepting Bitcoin payments across hundreds of its locations nationwide (with some international locations too).

According to CoinDesk, the rollout has been smooth, with users reporting seamless transactions powered by Speed.

This marks a significant step towards broader Bitcoin adoption in the US. Now to drop the capital gains tax on cheesburgers!

SPAR Switzerland

In other chain/franchise adoption news, the first SPAR supermarket in Switzerland 🇨🇭 to begin accepting Bitcoin was this one in Zug. It was quickly followed by this one in Rossrüti and this one in Kreuzlingen, in what is believed to be part of a wider roll-out plan within the country powered by DFX's Open CryptoPay.

That said, we believe the OG SPAR crown goes to SPAR City in Arnhem Bitcoin City!

New Features

Merchant Comments in the Web App

Web App users are now on par with Android users in that they can both see and make comments on merchants.

This is powered by our tweaked API that enables anyone to make a comment as long as they pass the satswall fee of 500 sats. This helps keep spam manageable and ensure quality comments.

And just in case you were wondering what the number count was on the merchant pins - yep, they're comments!

Here is an 👉 Example merchant page with comments.

Merchant Page Design Tweaks

To support the now trio of actions (Verify, Boost & Comment) on the merchant page, we've re-jigged the design a little to make things a little clearer.

What do you think?

Technical

Codebase Refactoring

Thanks to Hannes’s contributions, we’ve made progress in cleaning-up the Web App's codebase and completing long overdue maintenance. Whilst often thankless tasks, these caretaking activities help immensely with long-term maintainability enabling us to confidently build new features.

Auth System Upgrades

The old auth system was held together with duct tape and prayers, and we’re working on a more robust authentication system to support future public API access. Updates include:

• Password hashing
• Bearer token support
• Improved security practices

More enhancements are in progress and we'll update you in the next blog post.

Better API Documentation

Instead of relying on tribal knowledge, we're finally getting around to writing actual docs (with the help/hindrance of LLMs). The "move fast, break everything" era is over; now we move slightly slower and break slightly less. Progress!

Database Improvements

We use SQLite, which works well but it requires careful handling in async Rust environments. So now we're untangling this mess to avoid accidental blocking queries (and the ensuing dumpster fires).

Backup System Enhancements

BTC Map data comes in three layers of fragility:

• Merchants (backed up by OS - the big boys handle this)
• Non-OSM stuff (areas, users, etc. - currently stored on a napkin)
• External systems (Lightning node, submission tickets - pray to Satoshi)

We're now forcing two core members to backup everything, because redundancy is good.

Credits

Thanks to everyone who directly contributed to the project this period:

• Comino
• descubrebitcoin
• Hannes
• Igor Bubelov
• Nathan Day
• Rockedf
• Saunter
• SiriusBig
• vv01f

Support Us

There are many ways in which you can support us:

• Become a Shadowy Supertagger and help maintain your local area or pitch-in with the never-ending global effort.

• Consider a zapping this note or make a donation to the to the project here.

@ 472f440f:5669301e

Marty's Bent

J.P. Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon has long been an outspoken skeptic and critic of bitcoin. He has called Bitcoin a speculative asset, a fraud, a pet rock, and has opined that it will inevitably blow up. A couple of years ago, he was on Capitol Hill saying that if he were the government, he would "close it down". Just within the last month, he was on Fox Business News talking with Maria Bartiromo, proclaiming that the U.S. should be stockpiling bullets and rare earth metals instead of bitcoin. It's pretty clear that Jamie Dimon, who is at the helm of the most powerful and largest bank in the world, does not like bitcoin one bit.

Evidence below:

via Bitcoin Magazine

via me

via CNBC

via Trending Politics

Despite Dimon's distinguished disdain for Bitcoin, J.P. Morgan cannot deny reality. The CEO of the largest bank in the world is certainly a powerful man, but no one individual, even in the position that Jamie Dimon is in, is more powerful than the market. And the market has spoken very clearly, it is demanding bitcoin. The Bitcoin ETFs have been the most successful ETFs in terms of pace of growth since their launch. They've accumulated tens of billions of dollars in AUM in a very short period of time. Outpacing the previous record set by the gold ETF, GLD.

Whether or not Jamie Dimon himself likes Bitcoin doesn't matter. J.P. Morgan, as the largest bank in the world and a publicly traded company, has a duty to shareholders. And that duty is to increase shareholder value by any ethical and legal means necessary. Earlier today, J.P. Morgan announced plans to offer clients financing against their Bitcoin ETFs, as well as some other benefits, including having their bitcoin holdings recognized in their overall net worth and liquid assets, similar to stocks, cars, and art, which will be massive for bitcoiners looking to get mortgages and other types of loans.

via Bloomberg

I've talked about this recently, but trying to buy a house when most of your liquid net worth is held in bitcoin is a massive pain in the ass. Up until this point, if you wanted to have your bitcoin recognized as part of your net worth and count towards your overall credit profile, you would need to sell some bitcoin, move it to a bank account, and have it sit there for a certain period of time before it was recognized toward your net worth. This is not ideal for bitcoiners who have sufficient cash flows and don't want to sell their bitcoin, pay the capital gains tax, and risk not being able to buy back the amount of sats they were forced to sell just to get a mortgage.

It's not yet clear to me whether or not J.P. Morgan will recognize bitcoin in cold storage toward their clients' net worth and credit profile, or if this is simply for bitcoin ETFs only. However, regardless, this is a step in the right direction and a validation of something that many bitcoiners have been saying for years. Inevitably, everyone will have to bend the knee to bitcoin. Today, it just happened to be the largest bank in the world. I expect more of this to come in the coming months, years, and decades.

Lyn Alden likes to say it in the context of the U.S. national debt and the fiscal crisis, but it also applies to bitcoin adoption and the need for incumbents to orient themselves around the demands of individual bitcoiners; nothing stops this train.

Corporate Bitcoin Treasuries are Changing Market Dynamics

Leon Wankum revealed how corporate Bitcoin treasuries are fundamentally reshaping business dynamics. Companies can now issue equity to fund operations while preserving their Bitcoin holdings, creating a revolutionary capital structure. Leon highlighted MicroStrategy's position, noting they hold enough Bitcoin to cover dividend payments for over 200 years. This model enables companies to reduce founder dilution since they don't need repeated funding rounds when their treasury appreciates.

"Some companies' Bitcoin treasuries are now worth more than all money they've ever raised." - Leon Wankum

Leon shared examples from his own portfolio companies where this strategy has proven transformative. Public companies have discovered an entirely new business model through strategic dilution that actually increases BTC per share. As Leon explained, this approach allows firms to leverage equity markets for operational funding while their Bitcoin treasury compounds in value, creating a positive feedback loop that benefits both shareholders and the company's long-term sustainability.

Check out the full podcast here for more on real estate price cycles, Bitcoin lending products, and the transition to a Bitcoin standard.

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Headlines of the Day

California May Seize Idle Bitcoin After 3 Years - via X

Semler Scientific Buys $20M More Bitcoin, Holds $467M - via X

US Home Sellers Surge as Buyers Hit 4-Year Low - via X

Get our new STACK SATS hat - via tftcmerch.io

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Final thought...

I feel old.

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@ e516ecb8:1be0b167

Imagina un mundo donde cada peso que gastas es vigilado, registrado y cuestionado. Donde el Estado decide si puedes comprar un café, una manzana o una criptomoneda. No es una distopía de ciencia ficción, es el rumbo que están tomando varios países, mientras otros, como Argentina, dan un giro inesperado hacia la libertad. ¿Quién está ganando esta batalla por el control de tu dinero?

Argentina: "Tus dólares son tuyos" En Argentina, Javier Milei, con su bandera libertaria ondeando, ha dado un paso audaz: desmantelar el control policial sobre el dinero de los ciudadanos. Su lema, "Tus dólares son tuyos", es tan obvio como revolucionario. Después de décadas de corralitos, cepos cambiarios y una inflación que en 2023 alcanzó el 211,4% según el INDEC, Milei apuesta por devolverle al ciudadano el poder sobre su propio capital. Con el país logrando superávit fiscal por primera vez en años (0,2% del PBI en el primer trimestre de 2024), el gobierno ya no necesita espiar cada transacción para exprimir impuestos.

Pero aquí viene lo curioso: encuestas recientes, como una de la consultora Poliarquía, muestran que un 35% de los argentinos aún prefiere que el Estado controle sus finanzas. ¿Masoquismo? ¿Miedo a la libertad? Tal vez sea la costumbre de vivir bajo la lupa. Milei, fiel a su convicción, no solo liberaliza por necesidad económica, sino porque cree que el dinero es tuyo, no del burócrata de turno.

España y el Euro Digital: El ojo que todo lo ve Mientras Argentina afloja las riendas, Europa cabalga en dirección opuesta. En España, el gobierno está reduciendo progresivamente los umbrales para controlar transacciones bancarias. A partir de 2026, cada pago por Bizum —el equivalente ibérico al Pix brasileño— estará bajo escrutinio. Según el Banco de España, en 2024 se realizaron más de 1.200 millones de transacciones por Bizum, moviendo unos 60.000 millones de euros. Ahora, cada una de esas operaciones será un dato más para Hacienda.

Pero no es solo España. La Unión Europea avanza con el Euro Digital, un proyecto que promete ser la pesadilla de cualquier amante de la privacidad. Esta moneda digital, según el Banco Central Europeo, permitirá rastrear cada movimiento, limitar ciertos gastos (¿adiós a compras de cripto o donaciones incómodas?), e incluso programar que el dinero "se oxide". Sí, has leído bien: si no gastas tus euros digitales en un tiempo determinado, podrían perder valor o simplemente desaparecer. Un informe del BCE de 2023 estima que el Euro Digital estará operativo en 2027, y ya hay pruebas piloto en países como Alemania y Francia. ¿Libertad financiera? Más bien un Gran Hermano con esteroides.

Chile: El Estado fisgón y los funcionarios de lujo En Chile, el control monetario también aprieta. El gobierno ha propuesto levantar el secreto bancario, permitiendo que cualquier funcionario del SII pueda husmear en tus cuentas. Además, si haces más de 50 transacciones al mes, el Servicio de Impuestos Internos (SII) pondrá la lupa sobre ti. ¿Y las ferias libres? Esas donde compras tus tomates y zapallos sin complicaciones ahora deberán emitir boletas electrónicas, encareciendo los productos para el ciudadano de a pie. Según la CEPAL, los costos administrativos para pequeños comerciantes podrían aumentar hasta un 15% con estas medidas.

Mientras tanto, el sector público chileno vive en otra galaxia. Funcionarios con sueldos que superan los 5 millones de pesos mensuales (unos 5.500 USD) toman licencias médicas para viajar por el mundo, según denuncias de la Contraloría. Algunos incluso cobran por "turnos" de 17 horas extras diarias o marcan asistencia en dos lugares al mismo tiempo. ¿Y quién paga? Tú, con tus impuestos.

La resistencia: Volver al efectivo o abrazar las cripto Si el Estado quiere controlar cada centavo, ¿qué opciones nos quedan? Una es volver al efectivo, pero no nos engañemos: el dinero fiat, controlado por bancos centrales, pierde valor a largo plazo. En Chile, la inflación acumulada entre 2010 y 2024 fue del 62%, según el INE. Tus billetes de hoy valen menos que los de ayer, y mañana valdrán aún menos.

La otra opción es el mundo cripto, pero no cualquier cripto. Bitcoin, la más conocida, es un titán para almacenar valor, pero para transacciones diarias necesita una segunda capa como Lightning Network, que procesa pagos instantáneos con comisiones ínfimas (menos de 0,01 USD por transacción en 2024). Alternativas como Bitcoin Cash (BCH) o Monero (XMR) ofrecen transacciones rápidas y, en el caso de XMR, un enfoque en la privacidad que hace temblar a los burócratas. Sin embargo, ninguna cripto servirá si los comercios y las personas no las adoptan. En Argentina, por ejemplo, solo el 1,5% de las transacciones minoristas en 2024 usaron criptomonedas, según Chainalysis. La libertad financiera no llega sola: hay que construirla.

El futuro es ahora El dinero es poder, y quien controla el dinero controla tu vida. Mientras Milei en Argentina te devuelve las llaves de tus dólares, en Europa y Chile te atan las manos con leyes, regulaciones y monedas digitales. La pregunta no es si quieres libertad, sino si estás dispuesto a pelear por ella. Usa efectivo, explora cripto, pero sobre todo, no dejes que el Gran Hermano decida por ti. Porque una vez que el Estado mete la mano en tu bolsillo, no la saca nunca.

@ 99e7936f:d5d2197c

“Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.”

Rettungswagen fahren ständig über rote Ampeln

Wenn man diese rote Ampel als Bild für den Schmerz nimmt, dann stellt sich doch die Frage, warum das, was wir als „Rettung“ bezeichnen, ständig den Schmerz übergeht, überfährt. „Ja, aber man kann doch nicht von einem Rettungswagen erwarten, dass er an einer roten Ampel hält, oder?“

Was würden Sie von einer fremden Zivilisation halten, in der ständig aufgeregte Mitglieder dieser Zivilisation im Einsatz sein müssen, um Leben zu retten? Auf mich wirkt das nicht sehr vertrauensvoll. In so einer Zivilisation würde ich nicht leben wollen.

Aber wenn ich samstags im Garten sitze, dann höre ich mindestens fünf Mal das Martinshorn. Dieses Warnsignal gehört in deutschen Städten zum normalen Alltag. Man bekommt ständig „Gefahr“ suggeriert. Ich finde das nicht normal. Es zeigt, meines Erachtens, an, dass mit unserer „Gesundheit“ bzw. mit unserer Gesellschaft etwas nicht stimmt. Für welches Problem wird uns da eigentlich „Rettung“ angeboten? Und woher kommt das Problem? Ist es überhaupt ein Problem?

Ich kenne Menschen, die therapeutisch schon viel ausprobiert haben und sich theoretisch viel Wissen über Traumaarbeit  und entsprechende Therapietechniken angeeignet haben, die aber dennoch nicht an ihren Schmerz heran kommen. Sie funktionieren im Alltag, fühlen sich aber die meiste Zeit in der Stimmung gedrückt, haben wenig Lebensfreude. Der Stachel sitzt fest im Fleisch und macht nur bei „falscher Bewegung“ Probleme. Meiner Erfahrung nach bestimmt die Natur den Zeitpunkt, an dem das Trauma, begleitet von einem nicht zu übersehenden Schmerz, wieder aktiviert wird und damit integriert werden kann. Irgendwann machen wir zum Glück diese eine „falsche Bewegung“. Und dann tut´s weh.

Und dann kommt die Rettung oder der Rettungswagen und bietet eine vermeintliche Lösung an, um im Bild zu bleiben. Ist das Fluch oder Segen?

Ich war selber lange in dieser „Schonhaltung“ und habe viele Leute aufgesucht, um in meinem Prozess weiter zu kommen. In der Rückschau hat das alles Sinn gemacht, auch wenn es mich nicht entscheidend weiter gebracht hat, von einigen lieben Ausnahmen abgesehen. Denn ich habe dadurch den Therapiemarkt aus Sicht eines Ratsuchenden gut kennen gelernt. Und ich bin nicht nur dadurch ein echter Kritiker des derzeitigen Therapiemarktes geworden. Wenn man selber erlebt hat, was einem so alles angeboten wird, wenn man dringend guten Rat bräuchte, dann ist das eine ungute Erfahrung, die man macht. Ich sage das, obwohl ich ja auch selber lange beratend tätig war in Psychiatrien und in der Sozialberatung. Es geht hier um ganz ernsthafte Selbstreflektion und um Überlegungen darüber, was mit unserem Therapiemarkt für Menschen mit seelischem Leid nicht stimmt.

Wer jetzt über den Begriff „Therapie M A R K T“ stolpert, der versteht, worauf ich hinaus will.

Natürlich kommen Therapieangebote (die Rettung) direkt aus dem System, welches einen zuvor als „krank“ diagnostiziert hat. „Krank“ ist laut System der, der nicht so funktioniert, wie es das System vorsieht. Und nun kommt eben dieses System und will einen „gesund“ machen. Und es will einen eben auch nicht „gesund“ machen, sondern einen eher dazu befähigen, dass man wieder im Sinne des Systems funktioniert. Nach einer Behandlung vom Therapiemarkt funktioniert man dann auch wieder, aber man fühlt sich weiter gedrückt in der Stimmung, und es fehlt an Lebensfreude, womit wir wieder am Anfang des Artikels wären. Kurz, die Therapie hilft nicht, was aber niemanden davon abhält, sie immer wieder neu anzuwenden bzw. aufzusuchen.

Das System kann Dich eben nur soweit bringen, wie es das System zulässt, sonst würde es sich ja selbst abschaffen oder erneuern. Ist ja logisch. Du wirst im System niemanden antreffen, der Dir erklärt, dass Du das System (die Rettung) eigentlich gar nicht brauchst, jedenfalls nicht in dieser Version. Es ist immer das Gleiche, egal um welchen Lebensbereich, Gesellschaftsbereich, Marktbereich es geht. Ich erkläre im Prinzip nur das nochmal, was viele schon aus den Bereichen Medizin, Bildung, Medien, Kultur, Spiritualität, Umwelt, Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik usw. kennen.  

Ein System ist immer nur soweit, wie das System ist.

Und wenn ein System an seine Grenzen stößt, dann gehst Du halt zum Therapeuten und fühlst Dich anschließend nicht besser als zuvor.

Daran erkennt man im Prinzip, dass ein System an seine Grenzen gestoßen ist, wenn es auf der Stelle tritt, wenn die Rettung keine Rettung bringt und wenn die Lösung das Problem ist.

Menschen leben nicht ihr authentisches Sein, kommen nicht in die gesunde Freude, sind entweder überm Strich oder drunter, leben nicht aus ihrer Mitte heraus, können diese Mitte nicht (aus)halten, empfinden diese Mitte als langweilig oder als bedrohlich. Das Schöne und Gute macht nicht satt, oder man will es nicht aus der Angst heraus, es gleich wieder zu verlieren. Dies sind, meines Erachtens, weit verbreitete Traumafolgen, die den meisten mehr oder weniger bewusst sind.

Menschen suchen deswegen Therapeuten auf, die diesen Zustand aber nicht wesentlich verbessern können. Man akzeptiert daher diesen Zustand (mit oder ohne Therapeuten), oder man sagt nach der Therapie, dass die beratenden Therapeuten nichts drauf hatten und selber alle ein psychisches Problem haben, oder man kann tiefer schauen. Ich möchte hier tiefer schauen, denn ich kenne beide Seiten. Ich habe oft Rat gesucht und oft Begleitung angeboten.

Natürlich haben alle Psychologen, die als Therapeut arbeiten, ein Problem in die Wiege gelegt bekommen. Das entspricht dem Archetyp des Heilers. Der Heiler ist ja der, der sich erst selbst geheilt hat und eben deshalb andere heilen kann und will. Also ist der Vorwurf, dass alle Psychologen, die therapeutisch arbeiten, ja selbst ein Problem haben, nicht gut durchdacht. Der Punkt ist eher, dass es für einen guten Berater nicht reicht, ein eigenes Problem zu haben, sondern er sollte es gelöst haben, zumindest dieses eine Problem, das er beim anderen begleitend beraten möchte. Es geht um Begleitung, nicht um Heilung. Machen, muss jeder bekanntlich selber. Man kann das Pferd nur zur Tränke führen. Trinken muss es selber. Mit anderen Worten, der Berater sollte einen Schritt weiter sein als der Ratsuchende.

Wenn man nun als Berater bestimmte (Selbstheilungs)Erfahrungen gemacht hat, die aber nichts mit der Vorstellungswelt des Systems (die Rettung) zu tun haben, dann hat man ein Problem. Das System spuckt einen sehr schnell wie einen Kirschstein aus. Das süße Fleisch wird abgeknabbert, Deine wertschätzende und empathische Art mit Kunden oder Patienten umzugehen, aber der Kern, Deine Überzeugung, dass diese bedingungslos wertschätzende Haltung DER Schlüssel ist, um im Gegenüber SELBST-HEILUNG anzuregen, wird ausgespuckt. Das Wort „bedingungslos“ ist hierbei wichtig.

Du möchtest den Menschen wärmstens den Schmerz ans Herz legen, weil er Dir selbst Dein Gefühl zurück gebracht hat, weil Du es selbst so erlebt hast, und andere Fachleute sagen, das sei unverantwortlich. Psychische Stabilität sei oberstes Gebot. Man müsse handlungsfähig bleiben, die Kontrolle behalten und eine Reaktivierung des alten Traumas sei gefährlich. (Wessen Trauma ist hier eigentlich gemeint? Aber egal.) Das könne auch ins Auge gehen.

Ja und Nein. Niemand redet davon, etwas zu forcieren. Es geht vielmehr um die Anerkennung dessen, dass wichtige Transformationsprozesse sich SELBST einleiten, SELBST das Tempo vorgeben und NICHT (durch Bedingungen) gestört werden wollen. Meines Erachtens werden Transformationsprozesse, die sich zaghaft anmelden, in der Regel durch sogenannte Behandlungen und die dazugehörigen RahmenBEDINGUNGEN gestört. Ratsuchende werden mit Wissen und Fremdwörtern überhäuft, mit mündlich und schriftlich vereinbarten Therapiezielen irritiert, mit regelmäßigen mündlichen und schriftlichen Nachfragen zum Behandlungserfolg verunsichert und belästigt und nicht selten wegen angeblich fehlender Mitwirkung bewertet. Andauernde Symptome werden einem zum Vorwurf gemacht, Gefühle werden wie wilde Tiere gejagt, die es, wenn nötig, pharmazeutisch einzufangen und zu erlegen gilt. Anpassung ist Trumpf. Und die Bürokratie beäugt alles aus sicherer Entfernung mit der Stoppuhr. Zeit ist Geld. Wie soll man sich da vertrauensvoll öffnen, Gefühle fließen lassen, den Schmerz zulassen, die Kontrolle verlieren UND wieder erlangen bevor die Kurzzeittherapie oder der genehmigte Klinikaufenthalt beendet sind? Keine Frau kann auf natürliche Weise ein Kind gebären, wenn, etwas überspitzt formuliert, alle fünf Minuten jemand ins Zimmer kommt, den Muttermund fühlen möchte und freundlich darauf hinweist, dass in ein paar Minuten nur noch der Bereitschaftsdienst von der Nachtschicht im Hause ist. Das verursacht Stress, und alles zieht sich buchstäblich zusammen. In der Psychotherapie ist das vergleichbar.

Der seelische Schmerz ist in Praxen, Kliniken und Gesundheitszentren ein Zustand, der wie ein Hund, draußen bleiben muss. Er gilt als Indikator für Krankheit. Das ist aber nur die halbe Wahrheit. Es gibt auch Therapiehunde, und die dürfen rein. Der Schmerz ist beides.

Meines Erachtens ist der Schmerz die Durchtrittspforte, die in beide Richtungen passiert werden kann. Er ist der Letzte und der Erste. Er schaltet das Gefühl ab, wenn das Trauma passiert. Aber er läutet die Wiederkehr des vollen Gefühls auch wieder ein, wenn das Gefühl zurückkommen möchte. Und genau dieser (wertvolle) Schmerz wird bekämpft, was das Zeug hält. Wie soll man dabei gesund werden, wenn man aktiv davon abgehalten wird, durch diese Pforte zu gehen? Niemand lässt einen in Ruhe diesen (wertvollen) Schmerz durchfühlen. Therapeuten werden nervös, Ärzte zücken den Rezeptblock, Krankenkassen beanstanden den fehlenden Erfolg der Behandlungsmethode und kürzen die Mittel. Und dabei arbeitet genau dieser Schmerz FÜR das Leben und FÜR die Selbstheilung, wenn man ihn einfach mal machen lassen würde. Der Schmerz ist so viel besser als sein Ruf. Wenn es irgendwo Drama gibt, dann kann man sicher sein, dass es dem Schmerz in die Schuhe geschoben wird. Und das ganze Geld, was man zur Schmerzbekämpfung ausgibt (Schmerz ist ein Geschäft), könnte man so sinnvoll an anderer Stelle anlegen. Wichtige Gefühle und eben dieser wertvolle Schmerz, der die Selbstheilung bringt, werden vereitelt, weil unser derzeitiges System sich das nicht vorstellen kann, dass ein Schmerz gut sein kann. Der Rettungswagen fährt immer über diese rote Ampel drüber.

Was ist nun mein erster skizzenhafter Kurzausblick für einen hilfreichen Umgang mit Verletzung oder gar Trauma?

Genauso wie es in diesen Tagen Überlegungen zur natürlichen Geburt, zur Hausgeburt usw. gibt, genauso braucht es, meines Erachtens, komplett andere Strukturen, um Mensch zu helfen, die seelisch leiden. Es gibt zurzeit sehr viele Menschen, die aus den unterschiedlichsten Gründen seelisch leiden. Wir sind eine verletzte Gesellschaft, oft sogar bis tief in die Wurzeln.

Mein Traum ist, dass alles von Grund auf anders wird. Der Ratsuchende wird gesehen, er braucht nicht mehr nach Hilfe suchen. Menschen erkennen, was mit einem Mitglied ihrer Gemeinschaft los ist, nicht stimmt. Der Betroffene wird liebevoll und behutsam in die Mitte gestellt, nicht an den Rand. Er erfährt Wertschätzung für sich und seine Situation. Er braucht keine Angst zu haben, ausgestoßen zu werden. Alle setzen alles daran, jemandem zu helfen, weil er ein wertvolles Mitglied der Gruppe ist. Die Begleitung ist ein Anliegen der ganzen Gruppe, nicht eines Heilers. Alle wollen, dass es einer Person wieder besser geht. Alle erkennen eine Botschaft in der „Krankheit“. Denn eine Krankheit entsteht immer in einem System und nicht in einem Individuum allein. Alle nehmen aus der Krankheit eine Lernerfahrung mit für die Zukunft, damit das in Zukunft nach Möglichkeit nicht mehr passiert. Der Betroffene ist um eine Erfahrung reicher, geht gestärkt aus dem Prozess hervor und kann später andere unterstützen, weil er ein spezielles Wissen erworben hat. Der Kranke braucht keine Gefühle von Schuld oder Versagen zu entwickeln, im Gegenteil, er wird aufgewertet, weil ihm Aufmerksamkeit und Fürsorge zuteil werden. Und die Gruppe ist gestärkt, weil sie ein Mitglied wieder fit gemacht hat, sich selbst als Gruppe helfen konnte. „Krankheit“ ist nicht länger ein Grund, jemanden auszustoßen, sondern ein Anreiz, als Gruppe stärker zu werden. Eine Gruppe, die schon ein paar schwere Probleme gemeinsam gemeistert hat, ist ein starkes Team.

Seelisches Leid einer Person wird so einfach zu einem Indikator, der einer Gruppe anzeigt, wo sie nachbessern darf.

Je sensibler jemand ist, desto eher zeigt er seelisches Leid an. Sensible Leute haben diese Funktion in einer Gruppe. Die robusten Leute haben eine andere Funktion in einer Gruppe. Beides ist wichtig. Gruppen brauchen sensible Mitglieder, weil diese, wenn sie gesehen werden, sicherstellen, dass auf gute Umgangsformen, auf Rücksicht, auf Ausgleich, auf Gerechtigkeit usw. geachtet wird. „Krankheiten“ zeigen eigentlich nur Überlastungen an. Je mehr Mitglieder einer Gruppe „krank“ werden, umso schlimmer sind die Lebensumstände. Jedes System sollte immer konstruktiv auf Überlastungsanzeigen reagieren, weil es ansonsten auf der Zeitlinie endet.

Und diesem Gedanken folgend, zieht die Forderung nach einer anderen Begleitung von seelischem Leid in unserer Gesellschaft im Prinzip den Wunsch nach einer ganz anderen gesellschaftlichen Form des Zusammenlebens nach sich. Um sich in einer Gemeinschaft um ein Mitglied kümmern zu können, braucht es erstmal eine (soziale) Gemeinschaft. Also brauchen wir wieder funktionierende soziale Gruppen, wo Menschen sich ganz einfach miteinander verbunden fühlen, sich für die Oma, den Neffen, den Nachbarn oder Kollegen interessieren. Solche Dinge können klein anfangen und dann immer größer werden. Ich denke an Oasen inmitten der alten Struktur wie es sie in ähnlichen Bereichen bereits gibt. Das sind z.B. nichtkommerzielle Projekte, die davon leben, dass einige wenige Menschen sich zusammengeschlossen haben, weil sie die gleiche Sehnsucht teilten. Oder einzelne Menschen machen ihre eigene Erfahrung für jeden frei zugänglich. Jeder, der etwas Hilfreiches in Sachen „seelische Heilung“ erlebt hat, meldet sich zu Wort, wird erkennbar für Ratsuchende. Der Ratsuchende muss nicht mehr auf die Suche gehen, muss sich nicht mehr schämen, ist nicht mehr allein. Es geht um freien Wissensaustausch, der dann Kreise ziehen kann. Es geht um den Wunsch, es anders, freier und menschlicher gestalten zu wollen und darum, sich etwas anderes vorstellen zu können, weil man selbst mal etwas anderes am eigenen Leib und an der eigenen Seele erfahren hat. Wenn man selbst etwas anders erfahren hat, als es vom System und von wichtigen Gremien gepredigt wird, dann gibt es kein Zurück zum System mehr, denn man weiß, es geht anders.

Wissen kann man nicht mehr zurück nehmen, wenn es einmal da ist.

Es geht anders, das ist zumindest meine Gewissheit. Und wir können Traumaintegration mit der Kraft der Natur, mit unserer Biologie, mit der Intelligenz der Evolution oder dem, was größer ist als wir, erreichen. Wir können mit dieser in uns angelegten Fähigkeit zur SELBSTheilung auch schwere seelische Verletzungen „heilen“. Die Natur hat Frauen seit Urzeiten natürlich gebären lassen. Und die Natur hilft uns genauso bei seelischem Trauma, wenn wir sie, die Natur, dabei nicht stören.

Solche Oasen für seelische Prozesse können überall dort entstehen, wo Menschen selbst diese Erfahrung von Selbstheilung seelischer Verletzung gemacht haben. Solche Oasen haben nichts mit Kommerz zu tun haben. Die Erfahrung, die man in solch einer Oase gemacht hat, kann man dann weiter tragen. Das ist sozusagen ihr „Gewinn“. Der Gewinn ist immateriell. Aber wie wir alle wissen, zieht das Bewusstsein immer die Materie nach sich. Das bedeutet, dass immer mehr Menschen durch diese Erfahrungen in ihr authentisches Sein und ihre gesunde Schaffenskraft kommen. Und das wird irgendwann sichtbar und auch auf gesellschaftlicher Ebene spürbar.

Die größte Herausforderung wird sein, den Menschen klar zu machen, dass die Natur uns heilt und dass man mit diesem Modell kein Geschäft machen kann. Wer mit Heilung ein Geschäft machen möchte, kommt zwangsläufig an den Punkt, an dem wir jetzt sind. Man kann wohl nur mit unterdrücktem Heilungswissen Geschäfte machen. Deswegen wird der Schmerz auch unterdrückt und übergangen. Denn er trägt dieses Heilungswissen in sich. Mit frei zugänglichem Heilungswissen für jeden, also z.B. dem Wissen über den Schmerz und was dieser imstande ist zu verändern, kann man zwar kein Geschäft machen, aber dafür endlich alles andere.

Heiße den Schmerz willkommen, wenn er in Dein Leben kommt.

*******************************************************************************

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@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Speaking to Atlas21 microphones, Marco Argentieri, CEO of Ark Labs, talked about the Ark protocol, its synergy with LN and the debate on OP_RETURN.

During the Tuscany Lightning Summit 2025 in Viareggio, Marco Argentieri, CEO of Ark Labs, explained to Atlas21 microphones why Ark is not a competitor to the Lightning Network and discussed the role that the protocol can play in the ecosystem.

The conversation opened with a reflection on Bitcoin’s role as programmable money: “I believe Bitcoin must be programmable money not only because Satoshi himself put a script in Bitcoin, therefore a programming language, but also because when you start working with merchants, companies, payment processors, we realize that we need Bitcoin to be programmable to make payments effective,” Argentieri explained.

According to the CEO of Ark Labs, the success of the swap model that made wallets like Muun popular shows users’ desire to use LN, but without its technical complexity. “Muun was one of the first wallets to use this model and is still today among the most downloaded precisely for its simplicity,” the CEO observed.

But programmability doesn’t only serve end users. Argentieri draws attention to merchants, who represent the other side of the coin in payments. “Those who receive payments – merchants – for accounting reasons and to have regularity of cash flow, would like to have a less volatile currency,” he explained. The solution, for Argentieri, could be represented by derivative contracts that allow accepting bitcoin without suffering volatility, exploiting hedging strategies, and to do this “you need Bitcoin to be programmable.”

Ark as complementary technology

Regarding the initial perception of Ark as a “Lightning killer,” Argentieri clarified: “It was short-term marketing” that generated misunderstandings. “From the beginning I have always seen Ark and Lightning as two completely different and complementary technologies.”

Ark Labs’ strategy demonstrates this: “The first thing we did was a partnership with swap provider Boltz,” Argentieri recounted. Lightning channel managers need continuous swaps to rebalance channels: in this way Ark helps Boltz not to have to introduce an additional blockchain, the CEO of Ark Labs commented.

According to Argentieri, the synergy relationship works in both directions: “Lightning helps Ark because Ark is based on a client-server approach with operators, and Lightning can be used as a lingua franca to go from one ark to another.” The result is a system that Argentieri describes as “banks that cannot confiscate your funds.”

On the issue of self-custody scalability, the CEO of Ark Labs provided a realistic assessment of current limits: “It is mathematically impossible for every user to have their own UTXO. Ark offers a solution through VTXOs (Virtual Transaction Output).” Argentieri used a comparison to clarify the difference: “I always describe a UTXO as having your own land, like buying a beachfront house in Miami in the sixties. It’s your property, but if you want to sell it will be slow and expensive.” VTXOs, instead, are “like an airbnb – very simple to enter and exit, but you have to pay rent.”

The crucial aspect is unilateral exit from the network: “Ark gives the possibility of not doing vendor lock-in. It’s like a rental where I know that eventually I can always transform it into a house. I won’t do this with a few satoshis, I’ll wait to accumulate enough to afford a whole UTXO,” Argentieri stated.

B2B before retail

Argentieri sees Ark primarily as B2B infrastructure rather than retail: “Initially there was the idea of Ark as a mobile wallet for coffee payments, but I think it’s the opposite.”

“Doing the same things that can already be done with traditional fintech systems is a mistake.” The real opportunity, according to the CEO of Ark Labs, lies in use cases that only Bitcoin can enable: “When there are still Bitcoin startups that would like to pay their employees in bitcoin but cannot due to lack of infrastructure, there is the potential.”

The approach foresees initial adoption oriented to the corporate world: “Bitcoin must first take companies and sophisticated operators. There are the new use cases that you couldn’t do before Bitcoin.” The famous “coffee paid with bitcoin”? It’s not a technological problem, it’s an adoption problem, Argentieri commented.

Arkade: platform for off-chain contracts

Arkade, “the name of our online platform,” represents the practical implementation of this vision, Argentieri explained, specifying that it is “a set of technologies and approaches.” The goal is to create “the first platform to execute Bitcoin contracts off-chain instead of on-chain, using Ark to give unilateral exit from the network.”

The architecture maintains Bitcoin philosophy: “I believe the UTXO model is much better than the Ethereum model, but obviously we have to make these contracts off-chain.”

The OP_RETURN case

On the OP_RETURN debate, Argentieri expressed two positions: “At a technological level I am in favor of removal because we are seeing that the ecosystem is looking for other approaches,” he explains. But the problem is not technical, it’s political: “Bitcoin is not just technology but also people, humans, culture.”

The criticism of the CEO of Ark Labs concerns timing: “I am against the fact that Bitcoin Core in version 29 has this modification because many people are not in favor currently. There’s no hurry, let’s do it in version 30 so we have another six months to deepen the debate.”

For Argentieri, the discussion revealed a governance problem: “From a political point of view, this shows a communication error. Bitcoin is no longer a toy for kids but an industry.” And like every mature industry, it needs adequate governance structures, the CEO of Ark Labs suggested. Argentieri’s proposal includes the introduction of specialized figures: “Just as there are core developers, there could be core communicators who say ‘wait, let’s think about it’ before making decisions that impact the community.”

The post Marco Argentieri: “Ark will make Lightning more efficient, it’s not a competitor” appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

This week, on The Stacker Sports Podcast, we will mourn the loss of episode 34, but we'll also probably talk about new sports stuff.

For example, the NBA Finals got off to an amazing start. My "top 5 Hali" take is looking less and less dumb. Do we really believe in the Pacers yet, though?

We might also start our NBA off-season speculation. Which big stars are on the move? Which good teams are making big changes?

I actually did watch some of the NHL Finals game, but I didn't stay up for the end. Why are these games on so late?

Aaron Rodgers finally has a team for next season and the Steelers finally have a QB for next season. Does this match make sense?

@grayruby also has some hopium to share about why the 49ers big offseason acquisition will be much better than he was last year, when he "played for" the Super Bowl champs.

The Rockies are still historically bad, but they're no longer on pace to catch the Cleveland Spiders for the MLB record.

There might also be some MLB trade talk.

And, of course, we'll recap the ~Stacker_Sports contests.

What else do you want to hear about, stackers?

https://stacker.news/items/998734

@ ca76c778:e784c54b

A few days ago I remembered video by Antonio Stappaerts(Artwod) on Youtube. And I thought to myself I want to be really good at drawing hands.\ In the video he explains something that, in my opinion, applies when learning just about anything.

If you've heard of the Dunning-Kruger effect then you know the first part.\ If you haven't, one begins learning something and on top of the first peak thinks oneself to be almost a master. And then one learns a little bit more and realizes how little skill one actually has.

\ Now, what is really interesting is this. He points out that the second slope is made up of many smaller Dunning-Kruger effects. For example the effect will apply when learning: the basic shape of the figure, how to pose the figure, how draw the hands, the hair etc.

So the way to climb the second hill is to understand and practice these smaller skills. And not just once or twice. You want to reach close to the second peak of each of the smaller skills.

And with that in mind I search for a good tutorial about drawing hands and got down to it(for the third time).

Step one was to learn pose and gesture using a grid shape.

https://cdn.satellite.earth/f55a9d1ef2fd687a9dce5ceee5e05a1b666c436509e264ddbac4d260b99e882a.jpg

https://cdn.satellite.earth/1b5524635c20ee4869f4860c982deea469cb87be7ad7b404e1777497b5a4fbd4.jpg

https://cdn.satellite.earth/35652251243ffd8c495b855c319d27da0c193ff2e951591f0a9f1b35aad39b29.jpg

https://cdn.satellite.earth/68f55979d102b4ebe55177842c6d9ab2ab30b95f926441429d977b47fae925c3.jpg

Step two. Practice the basic forms for the palm and fingers.\ I got carried away and drew some hands.

https://cdn.satellite.earth/48b400f72e35d078368149f00182cb58e606ddd16f6db4e7789c1431c28d44a0.jpg

Step three. learn the measurements.

https://cdn.satellite.earth/75c9b82da90ef50d17f698dd7b1eadc223b74a019a702a4617ed7d321646a87c.jpg

Step four. Understand the fingers.

https://cdn.satellite.earth/e33f9f3f9217bf5e3e206e96dfe764eba09b9fb3c10b450bb9c8a4075e3c1ec8.jpg

Step five. Learn about the thumb and put it all together. Drawing from reference and imagination.

https://cdn.satellite.earth/b2dd9c1cc1045dde021272199818b0db331e71a603c5900122aa850eb2d4148a.jpg

https://cdn.satellite.earth/8f5647ae9e148ad6217c106b5b69cf231384475e0a0eedf210bd149f75ade0b7.jpg

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

[EM ATUALIZAÇÃO]

vacina #saude #politica #manipulacao #mundial #genocidio #pandemia #conspiracao

Este artigo reúne algumas evidências mais antigas que vim registrando durante alguns anos contra a covid, vacinas obrigatórias e a ação de agências de governo, fundações, políticos, mídia tradicional, celebridades, influenciadores, cientistas, redes sociais e laboratórios, em envolvimento com genocídio e restrições de liberdades em escala mundial causado por decisões em várias esferas relativas ao covid e as vacinas obrigatórias em geral.

Porém, alguns links podem não estar mais disponiveis, foram que ainda faltam ser registradas muitas informações já divulgadas nos últimos anos e que não tivemos contato pela escassez de meios para a obtenção dessas informações de forma organizada. Portanto, o presente artigo ainda passará por atualizações de conteúdo e formatação, então se possível ajudem sugerindo com complementos ou alterações.

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Explicações iniciais:

• Sars-Cov-2 é que é nome do vírus. Ele que causa a doença Covid-19;
• O Sars-Cov-2 é o segundo tipo de Sars-Cov documentado, o primeiro ocorreu em 2003;
• 'Coronavírus' na verdade é um nome genérico para vários vírus de gripes já comuns, dado para o tipo corona (com uma "coroa", 'espetos' ao redor dele), o Sars-Cov-2 é só uma delas.

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1. Vacinas Obrigatórias em Geral

• Vacinas e autismo em crianças https://publichealthpolicyjournal.com/vaccination-and-neurodevelopmental-disorders-a-study-of-nine-year-old-children-enrolled-in-medicaid/

• O CDC admite que 98 milhões de pessoas receberam o vírus do câncer através da vacina da Poliomielite https://medicinanews.com.br/frente/frente_1/o-cdc-admite-que-98-milhoes-de-pessoas-receberam-o-virus-do-cancer-atraves-da-vacina-poliomielite/

- Fonte original da imagem: https://preventdisease.com/images13/CDC_Polio.png [indisponível] - Imagem arquivada em: https://web.archive.org/web/20201203231640/

"O CDC (Os Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos Estados Unidos) removeu rapidamente uma página do seu site, que estava em cache no Google, como você pode ver logo abaixo, admitindo que mais de 98 milhões de americanos receberam uma ou mais doses de vacina contra pólio dentro de 8 período entre 1955 e 1963, quando uma proporção da vacina foi contaminada com um poliomavírus causador de câncer chamado SV40."

27/02/2021 - Por que o Japão demorou para vacinar, mesmo com Olimpíada se aproximando https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/2021/02/27/por-que-o-japao-demorou-para-vacinar-mesmo-com-olimpiada-se-aproximando

"Desconfiança da população japonesa em relação a vacinas, ligada a casos ocorridos no passado, está entre razões que atrasaram imunização no país.

A resistência à vacina do Japão remonta à década de 1970, quando duas crianças morreram dentro de 24 horas após receberem a vacina combinada contra difteria, tétano e coqueluche (coqueluche). A vacina foi temporariamente suspensa, mas a confiança já havia sido abalada. Por vários anos, as taxas de vacinação infantil caíram, levando a um aumento nos casos de tosse convulsa.

No final dos anos 1980, houve outro susto com a introdução da vacina tripla contra sarampo, caxumba e rubéola produzida no Japão. As primeiras versões do imunizante foram associadas à meningite asséptica, ou inchaço das membranas ao redor do cérebro e da medula espinhal. O problema foi rastreado até o componente caxumba da vacina tripla, o que levou a uma ação judicial e a indenização por danos pesados.

O Instituto Nacional de Ciências da Saúde interrompeu a dose combinada em 1993 e a substituiu por vacinas individuais. Após o escândalo, Shibuya disse que o governo japonês se tornou "ciente dos riscos" e seu programa nacional de vacinação tornou-se voluntário.

O Dr. Yuho Horikoshi, especialista em doenças infecciosas, diz que os processos levaram a uma "lacuna de vacinação", em que nenhuma vacina foi aprovada no Japão por cerca de 15 anos.

Mais recentemente, em 2013, o Japão adicionou a vacina contra o papilomavírus humano (HPV) ao calendário nacional para proteger as meninas contra o vírus sexualmente transmissível, que é conhecido por causar câncer cervical. No entanto, vídeos de meninas supostamente sofrendo de reações adversas começaram a circular no YouTube, levando o governo a retirá-los da programação nacional."

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2. PRIMEIRAS OCORRÊNCIAS PREDITIVAS AO COVID-19

2010 - Fundação Rockfeller, Lockstep. https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Annual-Report-2010-1.pdf

Neste PDF da fundação Rockfeller, em seu próprio site, a fundação deixou claro o seu envolvimento em casos de ‘contenção’ de pandemias juntamente com a USAID (agência americana com nome ambíguo, como formalmente ‘United States Agency for International Development’, mas soando como ‘US Socorre’, mas sendo um braço do governo democrata que financiava interferências políticas diretas em vários países, como no Brasil: https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/vida-e-cidadania/quais-ongs-cooperaram-com-moraes-e-sao-alvo-do-congresso-nos-eua/ ), inclusive em relacionadas ao SARS, um vírus muito semelhante ao SEGUNDO tipo de vírus Sars-Cov, o Sars-Cov-2 (o vírus propagado em 2019) e que causa o COVID-19.

Segundo eles:

“Integração entre Regiões e Países

A Fundação Rockefeler investiu US$ 22 milhões em sua Iniciativa de Redes de Vigilância de Doenças para ajudar a conter a disseminação de doenças infecciosas e pandemias, fortalecendo os sistemas nacionais, regionais e globais de vigilância e resposta a doenças. Dois programas-chave da Rockefeler — a Rede de Vigilância de Doenças da Bacia do Mekong e a Rede Integrada de Vigilância de Doenças da África Oriental — conectaram e capacitaram profissionais de saúde, epidemiologistas e autoridades de saúde pública em toda a região, levando a um aumento de seis vezes nos locais de vigilância de doenças transfronteiriças somente nos últimos três anos. Em 2010, a Rockefeler expandiu a bem-sucedida campanha transdisciplinar One Health, que a USAID e o Banco Asiático de Desenvolvimento adotaram como modelos. One Health refere-se à integração da ciência médica e veterinária para combater essas novas variedades de doenças zoonóticas que se movem e sofrem mutações rapidamente de animais para humanos. Essas colaborações criaram e fortaleceram uma rede regional crítica de saúde pública, enquanto as lições aprendidas foram exportadas entre disciplinas e países. Além de fortalecer os laços globais em saúde pública, a Rockefeler ajudou a elevar o nível de especialização e treinamento em campo. O Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia de Campo coloca graduados nos mais altos escalões do governo no Laos e no Vietnã, enquanto as bolsas da Rockefeler transformaram as ferramentas disponíveis para os médicos, permitindo-lhes utilizar o poder da internet para se comunicar e monitorar eventos, compreender contextos locais e analisar novos problemas. Finalmente, estamos aplicando ferramentas do século XXI para combater os desafios de saúde do século XXI.”

Julho de 2012 - Revista Mundo Estranho

Houve uma "coincidência", a revista Mundo Estranho em julho de 2012, entrevistou o até então doutorando em virologia, Átila Iamarino (o mesmo cientista que fez diversas propagandas das vacinas no Brasil), para descrever um possível cenário de propagação de uma epidemia viral, a revista descreve com grande precisão os eventos de 2020, mas apontando o oposto da China, em que, na realidade, sua economia cresceu vertiginosamente.

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3. PRIMEIROS INDÍCIOS

10/2019 - Evento 201 - Durante os Jogos Militares Internacionais na China https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/event201/

Promovido por: - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation - John Hopkins Institute - Fórum econômico mundial

"O evento simula a liberação de um coronavírus novo do tipo zoonótico transmitido por morcegos para porcos e por fim para humanos. Eventualmente ele se torna muito transmissível entre humanos levando a uma pandemia severa. O vírus é muito parecido com o vírus da SARS, mas se transmite muito mais facilmente entre pessoas devido a sintomas muito mais leves destas."

Também mencionado por: [Jornal Estadão] ( http://patrocinados.estadao.com.br/medialab/releaseonline/releasegeral-releasegeral/geral-johns-hopkins-center-for-health-security-forum-economico-mundial-e-fundacao-bill-melinda-gates-realizam-exercicio-pandemico-e-transmissao-ao-vivo/)

Sobre o "Movimento antivacina"

05/12/2017 - Movimento antivacina: como surgiu e quais consequências ele pode trazer? https://www.uol.com.br/universa/noticias/redacao/2017/12/05/o-que-o-movimento-antivacina-pode-causar.htm?cmpid=copiaecola

23/03/2019 - "Instagram bloqueia hashtags e conteúdo antivacinação" https://canaltech.com.br/redes-sociais/instagram-bloqueia-hashtags-e-conteudo-antivacinacao-135411/

23/05/2021 - Novos dados sobre pesquisadores de Wuhan aumentam debate sobre origens da Covid https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/novos-dados-sobre-pesquisadores-de-wuhan-aumentam-debate-sobre-origens-da-covid/

"A China relatou à Organização Mundial da Saúde que o primeiro paciente com sintomas semelhantes aos de Covid-19 foi registrado em Wuhan em 8 de dezembro de 2019"

01/02/2020 - O que aconteceu desde que o novo coronavírus foi descoberto na China https://exame.com/ciencia/o-que-aconteceu-desde-que-o-novo-coronavirus-foi-descoberto-na-china/

"O primeiro alerta foi recebido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 31 de dezembro de 2019"

15/09/2020 - YouTube diz que vai remover vídeos com mentiras sobre vacina contra COVID-19 https://gizmodo.uol.com.br/youtube-remover-videos-mentiras-vacina-covid-19/

"O YouTube anunciou na quarta-feira (14) que estenderá as regras atuais sobre mentiras, propaganda e teorias da conspiração sobre a pandemia do coronavírus para incluir desinformação sobre as vacinas contra a doença.

De acordo com a Reuters, a gigante do vídeo diz que agora vai proibir conteúdos sobre vacinas contra o coronavírus que contradizem “o consenso de especialistas das autoridades de saúde locais ou da OMS”, como afirmações falsas de que a vacina é um pretexto para colocar chips de rastreamento nas pessoas ou que irá matar ou esterilizar quem tomar."

*07/01/2021 - YouTube vai punir canais que promovem mentiras sobre eleições – incluindo os de Trump https://olhardigital.com.br/2021/01/07/noticias/youtube-vai-punir-canais-que-promovem-mentiras-sobre-eleicoes-incluindo-os-de-trump/

"O YouTube anunciou que vai punir canais que promovem mentiras sobre as eleições, removendo sumariamente qualquer vídeo que contenha desinformação e, ao mesmo tempo, advertindo com um “strike” o canal que o veicular. A medida já está valendo e a primeira “vítima” é ninguém menos que o ex-presidente americano, Donald Trump.

A medida não é exatamente nova, mas foi novamente comunicada e reforçada pelo YouTube na quarta-feira (6), após os eventos de invasão do Capitólio, em Washington, onde o presidente eleito Joe Biden participava da cerimônia que confirmava a sua vitória nas eleições de novembro de 2020. A ocasião ficou marcada pela tentativa de invasão de correligionários de Trump, que entraram no edifício em oposição à nomeação do novo presidente. Uma mulher acabou sendo morta pela polícia que protegia o local.

O ex-presidente Donald Trump teve vídeos banidos de seu canal no YouTube após os eventos de ontem (6) no capitólio."

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4. FIGURAS CENTRAIS

Bill Gates

• Bill Gates diz 'não' a abrir patentes de vacinas https://www.frontliner.com.br/bill-gates-diz-nao-a-abrir-patentes-de-vacinas/

"Bill Gates, um dos homens mais ricos do mundo, cuja fundação tem participação na farmacêutica alemã CureVac, produtora de vacina mRNA para prevenção de covid-19, disse não acreditar que a propriedade intelectual tenha algo a ver com o longo esforço global para controlar a pandemia."

João Doria e São Paulo

26/07/2017 - João Dória vai a China conhecer drones para ampliar segurança eletrônica na capital paulista https://jc.ne10.uol.com.br/blogs/jamildo/2017/07/26/joao-doria-vai-china-conhecer-drones-para-ampliar-seguranca-eletronica-na-capital-paulista/

02/08/2019 - Governo de SP fará Missão China para ampliar cooperação e atrair investimentos https://www.saopaulo.sp.gov.br/spnoticias/governo-de-sao-paulo-detalha-objetivos-da-missao-china/

20/11/2019 - Doria se encontra com chineses das gigantes CREC e CRCC e oferece concessões de rodovia, metrô e ferrovia https://diariodotransporte.com.br/2019/11/20/doria-se-encontra-com-chineses-das-gigantes-crec-e-crcc-e-oferece-concessoes-de-rodovia-metro-e-ferrovia/

25/01/2020 - "Chineses serão agressivos" nas privatizações em SP até 2022, afirma Dória https://noticias.uol.com.br/colunas/jamil-chade/2020/01/25/entrevista-joao-doria-privatizacoes-sao-paulo-china.htm

O governador de São Paulo, João Doria, afirma que vai acelerar os programas de desestatização no estado em 2020 e acredita que concessões e vendas poderão permitir uma arrecadação de pelo menos R$ 40 bilhões. Nesse processo, o governador avalia que a China deve atuar de forma agressiva e que aprofundará sua posição de maior parceira comercial do estado, se distanciando de americanos e argentinos.

29/06/2020 - Doria estabelece multa para quem estiver sem máscara na rua em SP https://veja.abril.com.br/saude/doria-estabelece-multa-para-quem-estiver-sem-mascara-na-rua/

24/12/2020 - Doria é flagrado sem máscara e fazendo compras em Miami https://pleno.news/brasil/politica-nacional/doria-e-flagrado-sem-mascara-e-fazendo-compras-em-miami.html

"Foto do governador de São Paulo sem o item de proteção viralizou nas redes"

07/06/2021 - Doria é criticado na internet por tomar sol sem máscara em hotel no Rio https://vejasp.abril.com.br/cidades/doria-e-criticado-na-internet-por-tomar-sol-sem-mascara-em-hotel-no-rio/

30/09/2020 - Governo de SP assina contrato com Sinovac e prevê vacina para dezembro https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/saude/noticia/2020-09/governo-de-sp-assina-contrato-com-sinovac-e-preve-vacina-para-dezembro

O governador de São Paulo, João Doria, e o vice-presidente da laboratório chinês Sinovac, Weining Meng, assinaram hoje (30), um contrato que prevê o fornecimento de 46 milhões de doses da vacina CoronaVac para o governo paulista até dezembro deste ano.

O contrato também prevê a transferência tecnológica da vacina da Sinovac para o Instituto Butantan, o que significa que, o instituto brasileiro poderá começar a fabricar doses dessa vacina contra o novo coronavírus. O valor do contrato, segundo o governador João Doria é de US$ 90 milhões.

20/10/2020 - Coronavac terá mais de 90% de eficácia, afirmam integrantes do governo paulista https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2020/12/20/coronavac-tera-mais-de-90-de-eficacia-afirmam-integrantes-do-governo

24/10/2020 - Não esperamos 90% de eficácia da Coronavac’, diz secretário de saúde de SP https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2020/12/24/nao-esperamos-90-de-eficacia-da-coronavac-diz-secretario-de-saude-de-sp

07/01/2021 - Vacina do Butantan: eficácia é de 78% em casos leves e 100% em graves https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2021/01/07/vacina-do-butantan-eficacia-e-de-78-em-casos-leves-e-100-em-graves

09/01/2021 - Não é hora de sermos tão cientistas como estamos sendo agora https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/video/nao-e-hora-de-sermos-tao-cientistas-como-estamos-sendo-agora-diz-secretario-de-saude-de-sp-9166405.ghtml

10/01/2021 - Dados da Coronavac relatados à Anvisa não estão claros, diz médico https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2021/01/10/dados-da-coronavac-relatados-a-anvisa-nao-estao-claros-diz-medico

"O diretor do Laboratório de Imunologia do Incor, Jorge Kalil, reforçou que faltaram informações sobre a Coronavac nos dados divulgados à Anvisa"

12/01/2021 - New Brazil data shows disappointing 50,4% efficacy for China’s Coronavac vaccine [Novos dados do Brasil mostram eficácia decepcionante de 50,4% para a vacina CoronaVac da China] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-coronavirus/new-brazil-data-shows-disappointing-504-efficacy-for-chinas-coronavac-vaccine-idUSKBN29H2CE

13/01/2021 - Eficácia da Coronavac: 50,38%, 78% ou 100%? https://blogs.oglobo.globo.com/lauro-jardim/post/5038-78-ou-100.html

“De acordo com interlocutores que participaram tanto do anúncio de ontem como da semana passada, quem pressionou para que os dados de 78% e 100% fossem liberados foi João Dória.”

07/05/2021 - Covid-19: Doria toma primeira dose da vacina CoronaVac https://veja.abril.com.br/saude/covid-19-doria-toma-primeira-dose-da-vacina-coronavac/

04/06/2021 - Doria é vacinado com a segunda dose da CoronaVac em São Paulo https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2021/06/04/doria-e-vacinado-com-a-segunda-dose-da-coronavac-em-sao-paulo.htm

15/07/2021 - Doria testa positivo para a Covid-19 pela 2ª vez https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/politica/2021/07/4937833-doria-testa-positivo-para-covid-19-pela-segunda-vez.html

"Governador de São Paulo já havia sido diagnosticado com a doença no ano passado. Ele diz que, apesar da infecção, se sente bem, o que atribui ao fato de ter sido vacinado com duas doses da Coronavac"

06/08/2021 - CPI recebe investigação contra Doria por compra de máscara sem licitação https://www.conexaopoder.com.br/nacional/cpi-recebe-investigacao-contra-doria-por-compra-de-mascara-sem-licitacao/150827

"Empresa teria usado o nome de Alexandre Frota para vender máscaras ao governo de SP. Doria nega informação"

Renan Filho

(filho do Renan Calheiros)

25/07/2019 - Governador Renan Filho vai à China em busca de investimentos para o estado https://www.tnh1.com.br/videos/vid/governador-renan-filho-vai-a-china-em-busca-de-investimentos-para-o-estado/

20/03/2020 - Governadores do NE consultam China e pedem material para tratar covid-19 https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2020/03/20/governadores-do-ne-consultam-china-e-pedem-material-para-tratar-covid-19.htm

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5. Narrativas, restrições e proibições

17/12/2020 - STF decide que vacina contra a covid pode ser obrigatória, mas não forçada https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2020/12/17/stf-julga-vacinacao-obrigatoria.htm?cmpid=copiaecola

"O STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal) decidiu, em julgamento hoje, que o Estado pode determinar a obrigatoriedade da vacinação contra a covid-19. Porém fica proibido o uso da força para exigir a vacinação, ainda que possam ser aplicadas restrições a direitos de quem recusar a imunização.

Dez ministros foram favoráveis a obrigatoriedade da vacinação, que poderá ser determinada pelo governo federal, estados ou municípios. As penalidades a quem não cumprir a obrigação deverão ser definidas em lei."

27/07/2021 - Saiba que países estão adotando 'passaporte da vacina' para suspender restrições https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/2021/07/27/saiba-que-paises-estao-adotando-passaporte-da-vacina-para-suspender-restricoes

" - Israel - Uniao Europeia - Áustria - Dinamarca - Eslovênia - França - Grécia - Irlanda - Itália - Letônia - Lituânia - Luxemburgo - Holanda - Portugal - Japão - Coreia do sul"

18/06/2021 - O que é o passaporte da vacina que Bolsonaro quer vetar? https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2021/06/18/uol-explica-o-que-e-o-passaporte-da-vacina-que-opoe-bolsonaro-e-damares.htm

"O Brasil poderá ter um certificado de imunização futuramente. Aprovado no Senado na semana passada, o "passaporte da vacina", como é chamado, prevê identificar pessoas vacinadas para que entrem em locais públicos ou privados com possíveis restrições."

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6. Vacinas

Alegações iniciais

• CoronaVac, Oxford e Pfizer: veja diferenças entre as vacinas contra covid noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2021/05/11/diferencas-vacinas-covid-brasil.htm

" - CoronaVac (Butantan/Sinovac - Chinesa) Com virus inativo 50,38% de eficácia 2 doses

• Covishield - 'AstraZeneca' (Fiocruz/Astrazenica/Oxford - Britânica) Com virus não replicante 67% de eficácia 2 doses

• ComiRNAty - 'Pfizer' (Pfizer - Americana / BioNTech - Alemã) Com RNA mensageiro 96% de eficácia 2 doses"

Riscos diretos

15/06/2021 - Trombose após vacinação com AstraZeneca: Quais os sintomas e como se deve atuar? https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/trombose-apos-vacinacao-com-astrazeneca-quais-os-sintomas-e-como-se-deve-atuar/

"Agências europeias estão reticentes com a vacina da AstraZeneca. Ela chegou a ser desaconselhada a pessoas com idade inferior a 60 anos, e um alto funcionário da Agência Europeia de Medicamentos declarou que era melhor deixar de administrar a vacina deste laboratório em qualquer idade quando há alternativas disponíveis, devido aos relatos de trombose após a primeira dose, apesar de raros."

11/05/2021 - CoronaVac, Oxford e Pfizer: veja diferenças entre as vacinas contra covid https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2021/05/11/diferencas-vacinas-covid-brasil.htm

"Na terça-feira (12), o Ministério da Saúde determinou a suspensão da aplicação da vacina de Oxford/AstraZeneca para gestantes e puérperas com comorbidades. A decisão segue recomendação da Anvisa, que apura a morte de uma grávida de 35 anos que tomou o imunizante e teve um AVC (acidente vascular cerebral)."

30/07/2021 - Pfizer representa o mesmo risco de trombose que a Astrazeneca, aponta levantamento https://panoramafarmaceutico.com.br/pfizer-representa-o-mesmo-risco-de-trombose-que-a-astrazeneca-aponta-levantamento/

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7. CRIMES

Crimes da Pfizer

18/11/2020 Não listado no google - Os Crimes documentados da produtora de vacinas de Covid - Pfizer [INGLÊS] https://www.dmlawfirm.com/crimes-of-covid-vaccine-maker-pfizer-well-documented/

"A velocidade com que a vacina Covid da Pfizer foi produzida, a ausência de estudos em animais, testes de controle randomizados e outros testes e procedimentos padrão usuais para um novo medicamento são, no mínimo, preocupantes. Além disso, todos os fabricantes de vacinas Covid receberam imunidade legal para quaisquer ferimentos ou mortes que possam causar. Se essas vacinas são tão seguras quanto promovidas, por que seus fabricantes precisam de imunidade geral?"

"A Pfizer, uma empresa farmacêutica que parece ter ganhado na loteria para produzir a primeira vacina Covid-19, está atualmente lutando contra centenas de ações judiciais sobre o Zantac, um popular medicamento contra azia. Os processos da Zantac afirmam que a droga popular pode estar contaminada com uma substância cancerígena chamada N-nitrosodimetilamina (NDMA). Os processos Zantac são em aberto e em andamento, já que a farmacêutica está lutando contra eles; mas a Pfizer, sabemos, cometeu vários crimes ou transgressões pelos quais foi punida nos últimos anos. As falhas da empresa estão bem documentadas e vale a pena revisá-las neste momento crítico da história da humanidade, enquanto todos nós buscamos respostas."

A Pfizer recebeu a maior multa da história dos Estados Unidos como parte de um acordo judicial de US $ 2,3 bilhões com promotores federais por promover medicamentos erroneamente (Bextra, Celebrex) e pagar propinas a médicos complacentes. A Pfizer se confessou culpada de falsificar a marca do analgésico Bextra, promovendo o medicamento para usos para os quais não foi aprovado.

Na década de 1990, a Pfizer estava envolvida em válvulas cardíacas defeituosas que causaram a morte de mais de 100 pessoas. A Pfizer enganou deliberadamente os reguladores sobre os perigos. A empresa concordou em pagar US $ 10,75 milhões para acertar as acusações do departamento de justiça por enganar reguladores.

A Pfizer pagou mais de US $ 60 milhões para resolver um processo sobre o Rezulin, um medicamento para diabetes que causou a morte de pacientes de insuficiência hepática aguda.

No Reino Unido, a Pfizer foi multada em quase € 90 milhões por sobrecarregar o NHS, o Serviço Nacional de Saúde. A Pfizer cobrou do contribuinte um adicional de € 48 milhões por ano, pelo que deveria custar € 2 milhões por ano.

A Pfizer concordou em pagar US $ 430 milhões em 2004 para resolver acusações criminais de que havia subornado médicos para prescrever seu medicamento para epilepsia Neurontin para indicações para as quais não foi aprovado. Em 2011, um júri concluiu que a Pfizer cometeu fraude em sua comercialização do medicamento Neurontin. A Pfizer concordou em pagar $ 142,1 milhões para liquidar as despesas.

A Pfizer revelou que pagou quase 4.500 médicos e outros profissionais médicos cerca de US $ 20 milhões por falar em nome da Pfizer.

Em 2012, a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários dos Estados Unidos - anunciou que havia chegado a um acordo de US $ 45 milhões com a Pfizer para resolver acusações de que suas subsidiárias haviam subornado médicos e outros profissionais de saúde no exterior para aumentar as vendas no exterior.

A Pfizer foi processada em um tribunal federal dos Estados Unidos por usar crianças nigerianas como cobaias humanas, sem o consentimento dos pais das crianças. A Pfizer pagou US $ 75 milhões para entrar em acordo no tribunal nigeriano pelo uso de um antibiótico experimental, o Trovan, nas crianças. A empresa pagou um valor adicional não divulgado nos Estados Unidos para liquidar as despesas aqui. A Pfizer violou o direito internacional, incluindo a Convenção de Nuremberg estabelecida após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, devido aos experimentos nazistas em prisioneiros relutantes.

Em meio a críticas generalizadas de roubar os países pobres em busca de drogas, a Pfizer prometeu dar US $ 50 milhões para um medicamento para a AIDS para a África do Sul. Mais tarde, no entanto, a Pfizer falhou em honrar essa promessa.

• Pfizer contract leaked! [Contrato da Pfizer vazado] http://sanjeev.sabhlokcity.com/Misc/LEXO-KONTRATEN-E-PLOTE.pdf

Segundo o contrato "o produto não deve ser serializado":

"5.5 Reconhecimento do comprador.

O Comprador reconhece que a Vacina e os materiais relacionados à Vacina, e seus componentes e materiais constituintes estão sendo desenvolvidos rapidamente devido às circunstâncias de emergência da pandemia de COVID-19 e continuarão a ser estudados após o fornecimento da Vacina ao Comprador nos termos deste Contrato. O Comprador reconhece ainda que os efeitos de longo prazo e eficácia da Vacina não são atualmente conhecidos e que pode haver efeitos adversos da Vacina que não são atualmente conhecidos. Além disso, na medida do aplicável, o Comprador reconhece que o Produto não deve ser serializado."

Crimes da AstraZeneca

21/06/2003 - AstraZeneca se declara culpada no esquema de médico de câncer https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/21/business/astrazeneca-pleads-guilty-in-cancer-medicine-scheme.html

"A AstraZeneca, a grande empresa farmacêutica, se declarou culpada hoje de uma acusação de crime de fraude no sistema de saúde e concordou em pagar $ 355 milhões para resolver as acusações criminais e civis de que se envolveu em um esquema nacional para comercializar ilegalmente um medicamento contra o câncer de próstata.

O governo disse que os funcionários da empresa deram incentivos financeiros ilegais a cerca de 400 médicos em todo o país para persuadi-los a prescrever o medicamento Zoladex. Esses incentivos incluíram milhares de amostras grátis de Zoladex [...]"

27/04/2010 - Farmacêutica gigante AstraZeneca pagará US $ 520 milhões pelo marketing de medicamentos off-label https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/pharmaceutical-giant-astrazeneca-pay-520-million-label-drug-marketing

"AstraZeneca LP e AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP vão pagar $ 520 milhões para resolver as alegações de que a AstraZeneca comercializou ilegalmente o medicamento antipsicótico Seroquel para usos não aprovados como seguros e eficazes pela Food and Drug Administration (FDA), os Departamentos de Justiça e Saúde e Serviços Humanos A Equipe de Ação de Fiscalização de Fraudes em Saúde (HEAT) anunciou hoje. Esses usos não aprovados também são conhecidos como usos "off-label" porque não estão incluídos no rótulo do medicamento aprovado pela FDA."

• List of largest pharmaceutical settlements [Lista dos maiores acordos farmaceuticos] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_pharmaceutical_settlements

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8. CIENTISTAS

Especialistas Sérios

• Máscara Provoca Insuficiência Respiratória E Contaminação Microbiana… [Canal deletado] https://youtube.com/watch?v=eHu-pydSvDI

Não lembro mais a quem pertencia, mas provavelmente era de um médico falando do assunto. Creio ter sido do Dr. Paulo Sato, por essa temática ter sido abordada por ele, mas ao abrir o site aparece somente:

"Este vídeo foi removido por violar as diretrizes da comunidade do YouTube"

Dr. Paulo Sato

• USAR ou NÃO USAR a CUECA do seu governador no rosto https://fb.watch/7NPP_7rS5S/ https://www.facebook.com/AdoniasSoaresBR/videos/1347904292291481/ Adonias Soares entrevista ao Dr. Paulo Sato sobre as máscaras, em que é simulado o efeito da respiração prolongada das máscaras no organismo com o uso de águas de torneira, natural, gaseificada (com gás carbônico) e antioxidante, em que a com gás carbônico (PH 4 - Ácido) representa o organismo humano, e na prática representa lesão corporal e iniciação de doenças.

Dr. Kary Mullis

(Criador do teste PCR)

• PCR nas palavras do seu inventor - Dr. Kary Mullis (legendado) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1O52uTygk8

"Qualquer um pode testar positivo para quase qualquer coisa com um teste de PCR, se você executá-lo por tempo suficiente… Com PCR, se voce fizer isso bem, você pode encontrar quase tudo em qualquer pessoa… Isso não te diz que você está doente."

• Kary Mullis DESTRUYE a Anthony Fauci lbry://@CapitalistChile#0/Kary-Mullis---Fauci#5

"Ele [...] não entende de medicina e não deveria estar onde está. A maioria dos que estão acima são só administrativos e não têm nem ideia do que ocorre aqui em baixo e essas pessoas tem uma agenda que não é a que gostaríamos que tivessem, dado que somos nós os que pagamos a eles para que cuidem da nossa saúde. Têm uma agenda pessoal."

Dra. Li-Meng Yan

• Dra. Li-Meng Yan: O vírus foi criado em laboratório com um objetivo: Causar dano. https://youtu.be/pSXp3CZnvOc

Dr. Joe Roseman

• Cientista Phd Dr Joe Roseman faz seríssimas advertencias sobre a picada https://youtu.be/0PIXVFqJ_h8

Dr. Robert Malone

• As vacinas podem estar causando ADE - Dr. Robert Malone https://odysee.com/@AkashaComunidad:f/Las_vacunas_pueden_estar_causando_ADE_magnificaci%C3%B3n_mediada_por:f lbry://@Información.#b/Drrm#9

Dr. Robert Malone, um dos três inventores da tecnologia de RNAm que se usa de forma farmacêutica. No vídeo fala sobre os efeitos de ADE (realce dependente de anticorpos) que estão ocorrendo com as vacinas. Nas palavras do Dr. Malone, já não é somente uma hipótese, mas baseada nos conhecimentos gerados nas provas e ensaios pré clínicos, com as vacinas contra o primeiro vírus da SARS.

Dr. Luc Montagnier

• Dr. Luc Montagnier, virologista, prêmio Nobel de medicina, um dos descobridores do vírus HIV, afirma: "a vacinação em massa está criando as novas variantes' (@medicospelavida , telegram)

Falsos Especialistas

• Dr. Anthony Fauci - Imunologista

• Dr. Atila Iamarino (nerdologia) - Microbiólogo

Atualmente propagandeia a pauta climática do COP30 (30th Conference Of Parties - UN [30ª Conferência das Partes - ONU]) que será no Brasil.

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9. CASOS DOCUMENTADOS

13 de setembro de 2021 - 13/09/2021 - Carta aberta ao Ministro da Saúde por Arlene Ferrari Graf, mãe de Bruno Oscar Graf https://telegra.ph/Carta-aberta-ao-Ministro-da-Sa%C3%BAde-09-13

Também em: Gazeta do Povo

O texto de uma mãe discorrendo sobre o filho dela, Bruno Oscar Graf, ter ANTI-HEPARINA PF4 AUTO-IMUNE e ter vindo a falecer por reação à vacina.

11/05/2021 - Rio notifica morte de grávida vacinada com imunizante Oxford https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/coronavirus/rio-notifica-morte-de-gravida-vacinada-com-imunizante-oxford,415b9b0c49169427ac2f90ae3765c057e9suy3qn.html

"Vítima não apresentava histórico de doença circulatória nem sofria de nenhuma doença viral; relação será investigada"

13/08/2021 - Cruzeiro com 4.336 pessoas tem 27 contaminados com Covid-19 em Belize https://paranaportal.uol.com.br/geral/cruzeiro-com-4-336-pessoas-tem-27-contaminados-com-covid-19-em-belize/amp/

"Segundo um comunicado do Conselho de Turismo de Belize emitido na quarta-feira (11), 26 contaminados são da tripulação e um é passageiro. A maioria é assintomática e os 27 estão vacinados."

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10. ALEGAÇÕES DIRETAS

Setembro de 2021 - 09/2021 - BOMBA: Ex-membro do Partido Comunista da China revela que o primeiro surto da Covid foi “intencional” https://terrabrasilnoticias.com/2021/09/bomba-ex-membro-do-partido-comunista-da-china-revela-que-o-primeiro-surto-da-covid-foi-intencional/

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Semler Scientific Acquires 185 Bitcoin, Increasing Total Holdings to 4,449 BTC

Today, Semler Scientific announced it has increased its Bitcoin holdings. The company acquired 185 Bitcoin between May 23 and June 3 for $20 million with an average purchase price of $107,974 per Bitcoin, using proceeds from its at-the-market (ATM) offering program.

JUST IN: Public company Semler Scientific purchases an additional 185 #bitcoin for $20 million. pic.twitter.com/Iir6NiNzc8

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 4, 2025

“We continue to accretively grow our bitcoin arsenal using operating cash flow and proceeds from debt and equity financings,” said the chairman of Semler Scientific Eric Semler. “And we are excited to launch the Semler Scientific dashboard today on our website to provide the public with regularly updated information on our bitcoin holdings and other key metrics.”

Since launching the ATM program in April 2025, Semler has raised approximately $136.2 million under the sales agreement of over 3.6 million shares of its common stock.

As of June 3, 2025, Semler holds 4,449 Bitcoin which were acquired for an amount of $410.0 million, with an average purchase price of $92,158 per Bitcoin. At the time of writing, the market value of these holdings is around $446.2 million.

Eric Semler on X posted, “SMLR acquires 185 Bitcoins for $20 million and has generated BTC Yield of 26.7% YTD. Now holding 4,449 $BTC.”

$SMLR acquires 185 #Bitcoins for $20 million and has generated BTC Yield of 26.7% YTD. Now holding 4,449 $BTC.

— Eric Semler (@SemlerEric) June 4, 2025

Semler Scientific uses the BTC Yield as a key performance indicator (KPI) to help assess the performance of its strategy of acquiring Bitcoin. As of year-to-date, the company has achieved a BTC Yield of 26.7%.

“Semler Scientific believes this KPI can be used to supplement an investor’s understanding of Semler Scientific’s decision to fund the purchase of Bitcoin by issuing additional shares of its common stock or instruments convertible to common stock,” stated the 8-K form.

In Q1 FY2025, Semler Scientific reported a difficult quarter. Revenue came in at $8.8 million, a 44% decrease year-over-year. Operating expenses jumped to $39.9 million from $8.9 million last year, mainly due to a $29.8 million contingent liability tied to the potential settlement with the DOJ. This led to a $31.1 million operating loss, compared to a $7.0 million profit in Q1 2024.

“Our healthcare business is seeing green shoots from the cardiovascular product line that we introduced to our large enterprise customer base this year,” said the CEO of Semler Scientific  Doug Murphy-Chutorian. “We are expecting growth and cash generation from these FDA-cleared products and services, which will add to our bitcoin treasury strategy.”

This post Semler Scientific Acquires 185 Bitcoin, Increasing Total Holdings to 4,449 BTC first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ 1f3ce62e:6e6b5d83

We are all used to the professional self 💼. The aspect of us who is an expert on a particular technology, process, method or task. It is easy to talk about it at work with our workmates, as a team and with our leaders. Based on it, we have new things to learn and roles to explore. We have a defined career path and responsibilities to take as we advance on it. We define goals for each year related to our roles and review at the end what we have accomplished.

\ But things have changed lately.

In the recent years, new generations came at work with a new view of it and a new set of priorities, along with recent Worldwide events. Both acted as forces that are challenging us to transform everything. I like to call these times, VIOLET times 💜... because Violet is the color of change and transformation.

In my adventure for the corporate world, I was lucky to be exposure to these drivers of change long before most of the worldwide workforce did it.

As a leader, I worked with new generations from different countries. No matter from which part of the world they came, they had some aspects (or missions as I like to say) in common. Astrology has helped me to understand the patterns and archetypes of them.

New generations bring a new way of seeing life style. And this is as equal as important as work is. Work is not on their top priority as previous generations. Because of that reason they come to work bringing some personal aspects into workplaces.

They expect mindful connections at work 🫂, that is why they are willing to explore more personal connections with teams and leaders. They value their time after work, so they more likely work towards objectives than working shifts. They want to understand the bigger and mindful impact of what they do.

The personal self started to appeared at workplaces with these new generations.

How to work from home is something I started learning more than 10 yrs ago when I started working for a worldwide tech company based in Argentina. One of the first things I had to learn was how to connect and engage with people that I only knew by chat or by listening to their voice in a conference call. There wasn't video back then in 2010.

I started to develop a new skill at listening and paying attention to their voice. Most of us were speaking a second language, so by listening carefully I could recognize who was speaking (since there wasn't video). And I also could understand their mood and feeling by the tone of their voice.

I was able to develop another skill, asking questions about their personal life. By doing that our personal self started to emerge and our connections were getting more stronger. By having stronger connections with your team, moments of stress and pressure are easier to navigate.

It was back then when I started to understand the importance of bringing your whole self at work, the professional and the personal one 💼 💚

By the increasing number of teams working from home, we can start seeing a this new self coming out worldwide now. Before these violet times, we barely knew different aspects of the personal self of our workmates. All those aspects of us that we usually don't bring at work.

Some examples of those aspects I refer about are: how your workmate's house looks like, how he/she liked to decor it, what is their favorite color, what their routines are, what they eat and what they cook. What is their family's routine, who they live with (if any), how their family looks like. What time their kids get out of school, what time their wife or husband come back from work, how frequently they see their parents, how much help they need and where they live.

We didn't know much about our colleagues beyond their professional self. We barely knew if our colleagues were going through challenging and difficult times.

That was usually something we used to talk to a friend at work, but not with a workmate or a leader. Neither our team was aware of it.

Even for those a few teams that were used to work from home way before than most of the planet, the challenging times of recent years, brought a different component at work, it invited us to connect emotionally with the people we work with. A lot of new aspects of your personal life started to emerge at work, because people started working unexpectedly from home. Even emotions were emerging since everyone was stressful and emotionally overwhelmed.

As we open up our personal self at work, then it comes with our emotions 💚. We are emotional beings, and although we have removed that aspect of our being at work, it is hard to keep it out when you are coming up at work as a whole self.

I invite you to this CREATIVE COACHING TIME 💛🧡 section, so please take a pen and a paper and start to write your own story of this post:

🌱 How easy is it for you to express and talk about your emotions at work?

🌱 How easy is it to share what is going on in your personal life?

🌱 How ready is your workforce'92s environment to embrace the personal self of your employees?

🌱 How safe is it in your current cultural environment to bring emotions at work?\ \ Wherever you are, that represents how close or how far is your team, organization and company on embracing the whole employee.

The meaning of the colors 🌈 will help us to navigate aspects of your personal and professional life, and it will inspire you to create safe and comfortable spaces to be a whole being at work.

In order to do that I will invite your left and right side of your brain to get integrated. We won't be successful on embracing the whole employee, if you think you are either rational 🧠 or intuitive 💚.

\ All of us has a left and right side of the brain 🧠. As you probably know, our left side of the brain is related to our rational, logic and sequential thinking, it is good at math and facts.

On the other hand, our right side of the brain is related to imagination, intuition, holistic thinking, visualization and rhythm.💚.

We think in words with our left side of the brain, we do with images with our right one.

Although you might feel that you have explored more capabilities of your right or your left side than the other, you have them both. So either if you feel you are more left brained in the way you approach life, you still have your right side and vice versa. The brain is a muscle, it just takes time and practice to create new brain connections and use it as its full potential.

Creating spaces to embrace your whole self at work, will include embracing the capabilities of our left and right side of the brain. And that will ultimate spark one of the most valuable skill of the future, creativity and our capability to adapt to change.

Neuroscience has found recently that creativity is not associated with the right side of the brain only, it uses three networks that require both sides. 🧠🎨💚

If you think about these recent VIOLET times, how frequently did you and your team have to create unprecedented solutions for unprecedented challenges? No one in the future will be able to stay in any profession or role without creativity and our capability to adapt to change, as it is becoming the skill of the future.

I truly believe that the unprecedented challenges we are experiencing will require unprecedented solutions. Rational views only won't be enough. If we really want to find new solutions, we will need both, our rational and intuitive/visual sides of the brain teaming.

Before we end this foundational stone blog, a new CREATIVE COACHING TIME starts, your turn now:

🌱 Can you list the aspect of yourself at work?

🌱 Can you list the aspect of yourself at home?

🌱 What are the differences of both lists? 🌱 Why?

🌱 How whole are you coming to work these days?

🌱 How whole would you like to be at work in the future?

Cultural changes at teams, organizations and companies levels, starts at an individual level.

If you would like to create a culture that embrace a whole self, start with you.

Laus 💛

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

"Modern science is based on this principle: give us one free miracle and then we'll explain the rest."

— Terrence McKenna

I always wondered why a pot of water boils on the stove. I mean I know it boils because I turned on the electricity, but why does the electricity cause it to boil? I know the electricity produces heat, and the heat is conducted through the stainless steel pot and into the water, but why does the heat transfer from stovetop to the water?

I know the heat from the stove via the pot speeds up the molecules in the water touching it and that they in turn speed up the molecules touching them and so on throughout the pot, but why do speedy molecules cause adjacent molecules to speed up?

I mean I know they do this, but why do they do this? Why couldn’t it be that sped-up molecules only interact with sufficient speedy molecules and ignore slower ones? Why do they interact with all the molecules, causing all of them to speed up? Or why don’t the speedy ones, instead of sharing their excited state, hoard it and take more energy from adjacent slower molecules, thereby making them colder, i.e., why doesn’t half the water boil twice as fast (on the left side of the pot) while the other half (right side) turns to ice?

The molecules tend to bounce around randomly, interacting as equal opportunists on the surrounding ones rather than distinguishing only certain ones with which to interact. Why do the laws of thermodynamics behave as such rather than some other way?

There may be yet deeper layers to this, explanations going down to the atomic and even quantum levels, but no matter how far you take them, you are always, in the end, left with: “Because those are the laws of physics”, i.e., “because that’s just how it is.”

. . .

The Terrence McKenna quote, recently cited by Joe Rogan on his podcast, refers to the Big Bang, the current explanation adopted by the scientifically literate as to the origins of the universe. You see there was this insanely dense, infinitesimally small micro dot that one day (before the dawn of time) exploded outward with unimaginable power that over billions of years created what we perceive as the known universe.

What happened prior? Can’t really say because time didn’t yet exist, and “prior” doesn’t make sense in that context. Why did it do this? We don’t know. How did it get there? Maybe a supermassive black hole from another universe got too dense and exploded out the other side? Highly speculative.

So why do people believe in the Big Bang? Because it comports with and explains certain observable phenomena and predicted other phenomena which were subsequently confirmed. But scratch a little deeper for an explanation as to what caused it, for what purpose did it occur or what preceded it, and you hit the same wall.

. . .

Even if we were to understand at a quantum level how and why the Big Bang happened and what preceded it, let’s assume it’s due to Factor X, something we eventually replicated with mini big-bangs and universe creations in our labs, we would still be tasked with understanding why Factor X exists in the universe. And if Factor X were explained by Process Y, we’d still be stuck needing an explanation for Process Y — ad infinitum.

Science can thus only push the wall back farther, but can never scale it. We can never arrive at an ultimate explanation, only partial ones. Its limitations are the limitations of thought itself, the impossibility of ever creating a map at a scale of one mile per mile.

@ bfeb2ffe:09089d06

Alpha Omega Pack Factory offers reliable information on sourcing the best aluminium food container manufacturers. We provide insights into key qualities to consider, such as product durability, food safety standards, and manufacturing expertise. Our professional guidance helps businesses choose trusted suppliers who deliver high-quality aluminium containers tailored for various food packaging needs. Trust Alpha Omega Pack Factory to connect you with reputable aluminium food container manufacturers committed to excellence and timely delivery.

@ e05934ba:6fd1a7e9

Test Blog Content

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

6 years ago I created some tools for working with peter todd's opentimestamps proof format. You can do some fun things like create plaintext and mini ots proofs. This short post is just a demo of what these tools do and how to use them.

What is OTS?

OpenTimestamps is a protocol for stamping information into bitcoin in a minimal way. It uses OP_RETURN outputs so that it has minimal impact on chain, and potentially millions of documents are stamped all at once with a merkle tree construction.

Examples

Here's the proof of the ots.c source file getting stamped into the ots calendar merkle tree. We're simply printing the ots proof file here with otsprint:

``` $ ./otsprint ots.c.ots

version 1 file_hash sha256 f76f0795ff37a24e566cd77d1996b64fab9c871a5928ab9389dfc3a128ec8296 append 2e9943d3833768bdb9a591f1d2735804 sha256 | --> append 2d82e7414811ecbf | sha256 | append a69d4f93e3e0f6c9b8321ce2cdd90decd34d260ea3f8b55e83d157ad398b7843 | sha256 | append ac0b5896401478eb6d88a408ec08b33fd303b574fb09b503f1ac1255b432d304 | sha256 | append 8aa9fd0245664c23d31d344243b4e8b0 | sha256 | prepend 414db5a1cd3a3e6668bf2dca9007e7c0fc5aa6dc71a2eab3afb51425c3acc472 | sha256 | append 5355b15d88d4dece45cddb7913f2c83d41e641e8c1d939dac4323671a4f8e197 | sha256 | append a2babd907ca513ab561ce3860e64a26b7df5de117f1f230bc8f1a248836f0c25 | sha256 | prepend 683f072f | append 2a4cdf9e9e04f2fd | attestation calendar https://alice.btc.calendar.opentimestamps.org | --> append 7c8764fcaba5ed5d | sha256 | prepend f7e1ada392247d3f3116a97d73fcf4c0994b5c22fff824736db46cd577b97151 | sha256 | append 3c43ac41e0281f1dbcd7e713eb1ffaec48c5e05af404bca2166cdc51966a921c | sha256 | append 07b18bd7f4a5dc72326416aa3c8628ca80c8d95d7b1a82202b90bc824974da13 | sha256 | append b4d641ab029e7d900e92261c2342c9c9 | sha256 | append 4968b89b02b534f33dc26882862d25cca8f0fa76be5b9d3a3b5e2d77690e022b | sha256 | append 48c54e30b3a9ec0e6339b88ed9d04b9b1065838596a4ec778cbfc0dfc0f8c781 | sha256 | prepend 683f072f | append 8b2b4beda36c18dc | attestation calendar https://bob.btc.calendar.opentimestamps.org | --> append baa878b42ef3e0d45b324cc3a39a247a | sha256 | prepend 4fb1bc663cd641ad18e5c73fb618de1ae3d28fb5c3c224b7f9888fd52feb09ec | sha256 | append 731329278830c9725497d70e9f5a02e4b2d9c73ff73560beb3a896a2f180fdbf | sha256 | append 689024a9d57ad5daad669f001316dd0fc690ac4520410f97a349b05a3f5d69cb | sha256 | append 69d42dcb650bb2a690f850c3f6e14e46c2b0831361bac9ec454818264b9102fd | sha256 | prepend 683f072f | append bab471ba32acd9c3 | attestation calendar https://btc.calendar.catallaxy.com append c3ccce274e2f9edfa354ec105cb1a749 sha256 append 6297b54e3ce4ba71ecb06bd5632fd8cbd50fe6427b6bfc53a0e462348cc48bab sha256 append c28f03545a2948bd0d8102c887241aff5d4f6cf1e0b16dfd8787bf45ca2ab93d sha256 prepend 683f072f append 7f3259e285891c8e attestation calendar https://finney.calendar.eternitywall.com ```

The tool can create a minimal version of the proofs:

``` $ ./otsmini ots.c.ots | ./otsmini -d | ./otsprint

version 1 file_hash sha256 f76f0795ff37a24e566cd77d1996b64fab9c871a5928ab9389dfc3a128ec8296 append 2e9943d3833768bdb9a591f1d2735804 sha256 append c3ccce274e2f9edfa354ec105cb1a749 sha256 append 6297b54e3ce4ba71ecb06bd5632fd8cbd50fe6427b6bfc53a0e462348cc48bab sha256 append c28f03545a2948bd0d8102c887241aff5d4f6cf1e0b16dfd8787bf45ca2ab93d sha256 prepend 683f072f append 7f3259e285891c8e attestation calendar https://finney.calendar.eternitywall.com ```

which can be shared on social media as a string:

5s1L3tTWoTfUDhB1MPLXE1rnajwUdUnt8pfjZfY1UWVWpWu5YhW3PGCWWoXwWBRJ16B8182kQgxnKyiJtGQgRoFNbDfBss19seDnco5sF9WrBt8jQW7BVVmTB5mmAPa8ryb5929w4xEm1aE7S3SGMFr9rUgkNNzhMg4VK6vZmNqDGYvvZxBtwDMs2PRJk7y6wL6aJmq6yoaWPvuxaik4qMp76ApXEufP6RnWdapqGGsKy7TNE6ZzWWz2VXbaEXGwgjrxqF8bMstZMdGo2VzpVuE

you can even do things like gpg-style plaintext proofs:

``` $ ./otsclear -e CONTRIBUTING.ots -----BEGIN OPENTIMESTAMPS MESSAGE-----

Email patches to William Casarin jb55@jb55.com

-----BEGIN OPENTIMESTAMPS PROOF-----

AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC/ieLohOiSlAEILXj4GSagG6fRNnR+CHj9e/+Mdkp0w1us gV/5dmlX2NrwEDlcBMmQ723mI9sY9ALUlXoI//AQRXlCd716J60FudR+C78fkAjwIDnONJrj1udi NDxQQ8UJiS4ZWfprUxbvaIoBs4G+4u6kCPEEaD8Ft/AIeS/skaOtQRoAg9/jDS75DI4pKGh0dHBz Oi8vZmlubmV5LmNhbGVuZGFyLmV0ZXJuaXR5d2FsbC5jb23/8AhMLZVzYZMYqwjwEPKWanBNPZVm kqsAYV3LBbkI8CCfIVveDh/S8ykOH1NC6BKTerHoPojvj1OmjB2LYvdUbgjxBGg/BbbwCGoo3fi1 A7rjAIPf4w0u+QyOLi1odHRwczovL2FsaWNlLmJ0Yy5jYWxlbmRhci5vcGVudGltZXN0YW1wcy5v cmf/8Aik+VP+n3FhCwjwELfTdHAfYQNa49I3CYycFbkI8QRoPwW28AgCLn93967lIQCD3+MNLvkM jiwraHR0cHM6Ly9ib2IuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZ/AQ3bEwg7mjQyKR PykGgiJewAjwID5Q68dY4m+XogwTJx72ecQEe5lheCO1RnlcJSTFokyRCPEEaD8Ft/AIw1WWPe++ 8N4Ag9/jDS75DI4jImh0dHBzOi8vYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLmNhdGFsbGF4eS5jb20= -----END OPENTIMESTAMPS PROOF-----

$ ./otsclear -v <<<proof_string... # verify the proof string ```

I've never really shared these tools before, I just remembered about it today. Enjoy!

Try it out: https://github.com/jb55/ots-tools

@ 5c9e5ee4:72f1325b

Bitcoin, with its precisely engineered monetary policy, presents a compelling alternative to traditional financial systems. Beyond its technological innovation, its design reveals a potential blueprint for a future where global economies might operate on a fixed, sound money standard, free from the inflationary policies that have long characterized fiat currencies.

A core tenet of Bitcoin's appeal lies in its unwavering scarcity. By early 2030, an estimated over 90% of its total 21 million coins will have been mined and released into circulation. This immutable supply cap, hard-coded into its protocol, provides a stark contrast to national currencies whose supplies can be expanded at will by central banks. While the very last fractions of Bitcoin will be mined around 2140, the effective supply is established far sooner.

Key to Bitcoin's functionality at scale is its remarkable divisibility. Each Bitcoin is broken down into 100 million smaller units called "satoshis." This granular structure ensures that even if a single Bitcoin were to achieve a multi-million dollar valuation, the humble satoshi would remain a practical and relatable unit for everyday transactions, much like a cent in everyday commerce.

Consider the transformative implications of two hypothetical Bitcoin price points:

• The $1.1 Million Bitcoin: A New Standard for the USD. If Bitcoin's current circulating supply were to absorb the entirety of the US M2 money supply—approximately $21.86 trillion as of April 2025—the price of one Bitcoin would reach roughly $1.1 million. At this valuation, a single satoshi would equate to about 1.1 cents. This scenario suggests Bitcoin's market capitalization directly challenging, and potentially replacing or serving as a hard peg for, the broad US dollar supply. Such a shift would fundamentally constrain the ability of the Federal Reserve to engage in inflationary practices.

• The $5.3 Million Bitcoin: The Backbone of World GDP. Pushing the hypothetical further, if Bitcoin's market cap were to cover the entire world's nominal Gross Domestic Product—valued at $106.172 trillion for 2023—the price of one Bitcoin would soar to an estimated $5.3 million.

These figures underscore a powerful, almost poetic, vision for Bitcoin's role in the global economy. The striking numerical coincidences—the 21 million coin cap, the potential for a $21 trillion market cap (roughly aligning with M2), and the corresponding satoshi-to-cent parity—suggest a profound foresight in Satoshi Nakamoto's original design. This design, proponents argue, aims to facilitate a future where the global economy operates on a sound money standard, liberated from what some describe as the "nasty inflation tricks" employed by central banks to devalue currencies.

Crucially, this shift would present significant challenges, particularly for larger economies perceived as "artificially inflated" by years of expansionary monetary policies. These nations, accustomed to managing economic cycles through money printing and debt monetization, would face:

• Loss of Monetary Sovereignty: The inability to inflate their way out of debt or stimulate the economy through currency debasement.
• Forced Fiscal Discipline: Governments would be compelled to balance budgets through taxation or genuine borrowing, abandoning reliance on the printing press.
• Deflationary Pressures: A fixed money supply in a growing economy could lead to an increase in purchasing power over time (deflation), making existing debts harder to service in real terms.

To illustrate this profound re-allocation of global value, consider how current national GDPs would theoretically translate into Bitcoin holdings in such a scenario, assuming the entire world's economic output was denominated in the existing Bitcoin supply:

Hypothetical Bitcoin Allocation by Country (World GDP Covered)

(Assumes World GDP ~$106.172 Trillion USD, Bitcoin Circulating Supply ~19.87 Million BTC, leading to ~$5,343,834.93 per BTC)

| Country | 2023 Nominal GDP (in Billions USD) | % of World GDP (approx.) | Equivalent Bitcoin Amount (in BTC) | | :------------------ | :--------------------------------- | :----------------------- | :--------------------------------- | | Major Economies | | | | | United States | $27,970 | 26.34% | 5,234,000 | | China | $17,650 | 16.62% | 3,303,000 | | Germany | $4,460 | 4.20% | 835,000 | | Japan | $4,290 | 4.04% | 803,000 | | India | $3,730 | 3.51% | 698,000 | | United Kingdom | $3,330 | 3.14% | 623,000 | | France | $3,050 | 2.87% | 571,000 | | Italy | $2,190 | 2.06% | 410,000 | | Brazil | $2,170 | 2.04% | 406,000 | | Canada | $2,120 | 1.99% | 397,000 | | Emerging Markets & Smaller Economies | | | | | Saudi Arabia | $1,070 | 1.01% | 200,000 | | Poland | $810 | 0.76% | 152,000 | | Switzerland | $885 | 0.83% | 166,000 | | Sweden | $585 | 0.55% | 109,000 | | Nigeria | $363 | 0.34% | 68,000 | | Egypt | $396 | 0.37% | 74,000 | | South Africa | $381 | 0.36% | 71,000 | | Argentina | $646 | 0.61% | 121,000 | | Vietnam | $430 | 0.40% | 80,000 | | Colombia | $364 | 0.34% | 68,000 | | Malaysia | $400 | 0.38% | 75,000 | | Philippines | $437 | 0.41% | 82,000 | | New Zealand | $253 | 0.24% | 47,000 | | Denmark | $404 | 0.38% | 75,000 |

(Source for 2023 Nominal GDP data: International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 & various country-specific sources for confirmation.)

This table vividly demonstrates how a Bitcoin-backed global economy would concentrate immense value into relatively small amounts of Bitcoin. For instance, the United States, representing over a quarter of global GDP, would account for just over 5 million of the total 19.87 million Bitcoins in this theoretical future. This underscores the transformative potential of such a shift, forcing nations—especially those accustomed to expansive fiscal policies—to adapt to a new era of immutable monetary constraints.

While Bitcoin's supply schedule marches steadily towards its fixed limit, its adoption by individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide is a separate journey. Currently, global cryptocurrency ownership is estimated at around 6.8% of the world population, placing Bitcoin firmly in the early stages of the "Diffusion of Innovations" S-curve. However, the inherent scarcity created by Bitcoin's pre-programmed supply is precisely what many believe will drive its value higher as global adoption continues to accelerate in the decades to come.

Ultimately, Bitcoin is more than just a digital asset; it embodies a potential revolution in how money functions globally, offering a path towards a fundamentally transparent, predictable, and finite monetary system that could reshape the very foundations of capitalism.

@ 38c2d651:f89fed81

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Marty's Bent

via nostr:nprofile1qyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqy0hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttjv4kxz7fwvf5hgcm0d9hzumnfde4xzqpq85h9z5yxn8uc7retm0n6gkm88358lejzparxms5kmy9epr236k2qtyz2zr

A lot of the focus over the last couple of months has been on the emergence of Strategy competitors in public markets looking to build sizable bitcoin treasuries and attract investors of all shapes and sizes to drive shareholder value. The other big topic in the bitcoin development world has been around OP_RETURN and the debate over whether or not the amount of data that can be shoved into a bitcoin transaction should be decided by the dominant implementation.

A topic that is just as, if not more, important that is not getting enough appreciation is the discussion around open source bitcoin developers and the lingering effects of the Biden administration's attack on Samourai Wallet and Tornado Cash. If you read our friend Matt Corallo's tweet above, you'll notice that the lingering effects are such that even though the Trump administration has made concerted efforts to reverse the effects of Operation Chokepoint 2.0 that were levied by the Biden administration, Elizabeth Warren, and her friends at the Treasury and SEC - it is imperative that we enshrine into law the rights of open source developers to build products and services that enable individuals to self-custody bitcoin and use it in a peer-to-peer fashion without the threat of getting thrown in jail cell.

As it stands today, the only assurances that we have are from an administration that is overtly in favor of the proliferation of bitcoin in the United States. There is nothing in place to stop the next administration or another down the line from reverting to Biden-era lawfare that puts thousands of bitcoin developers around the world at risk of being sent into a cage because the government doesn't like how some users leverage the code they write. To make sure that this isn't a problem down the line it is imperative that we pass the Blockchain Regulatory Clarity Act, which would not hold bitcoin developers liable for the ways in which end users leverage their tools.

Not only is this an act that would protect developers from pernicious government officials targeting them when end users use their technology in a way that doesn't make the government happy, it will also protect YOU, the end user, looking to transact in a peer-to-peer fashion and leverage all of the incredible properties of bitcoin the way they were meant to be. If the developers are not protected, they will not be able to build the technology that enables you to leverage bitcoin.

So do your part and go to saveourwallets.org. Reach out to your local representatives in Congress and Senators and make some noise. Let them know that this is something that you care deeply about and that they should not only pay attention to this bill but push it forward and enshrine it into law as quickly as possible.

There are currently many developers either behind bars or under house arrest for developing software that gives you the ability to use Bitcoin in a self-sovereign fashion and use it in a privacy-preserving way. Financial privacy isn't a crime. It is an inalienable human right that should be protected at all cost. The enshrinement of this inalienable right into law is way past due.

#FreeSamourai #FreeRoman

Headlines of the Day

MicroStrategy Copycats See Speculative Premiums Fade - via X

Square Tests Bitcoin Payments, Lightning Yields Beat DeFi - via X

Get our new STACK SATS hat - via tftcmerch.io

Bitfinex Moves $731M Bitcoin to Jack Mallers' Fund - via X

---

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Ten31, the largest bitcoin-focused investor, has deployed $150.00M across 30+ companies through three funds. I am a Managing Partner at Ten31 and am very proud of the work we are doing. Learn more at ten31.vc/invest.

---

Final thought...

Should I join a country club?

---

Get this newsletter sent to your inbox daily: https://www.tftc.io/bitcoin-brief/

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@ 32e18276:5c68e245

Damus OpenSats Grant Q1 2025 Progress Report

This period of the Damus OpenSats grant has been productive, and encompasses the work our beta release of Notedeck. Since we sent our last report on January, this encompasses all the work after then.

Damus Notedeck

We released the Beta version of Notedeck, which has many new features:

Dave

We've added a new AI-powered nostr assistant, similar to Grok on X. We call him Dave.

Dave is integrated with tooling that allows it to query the local relay for posts and profiles:

Search

The beta release includes a fulltext search interface powered by nostrdb:

Zaps

You can now zap with NWC!

And More!

• GIFs!
• Add full screen images, add zoom & pan
• Introduce last note per pubkey feed (experimental)
• Allow multiple media uploads per selection
• Major Android improvements (still wip)
• Added notedeck app sidebar
• User Tagging
• Note truncation
• Local network note broadcast, broadcast notes to other notedeck notes while you're offline
• Mute list support (reading)
• Relay list support
• Ctrl-enter to send notes
• Added relay indexing (relay columns soon)
• Click hashtags to open hashtag timeline

Damus iOS

Work continued on the iOS side. While I was not directly involved in the work since the last report, I have been directing and managing its development.

What's new:

Coinos Wallet + Interface

We've partnered with coinos to enable a one-click, non-KYC lightning wallet!

We now have an NWC wallet interface, and we've re-enabled zaps as per the new appstore guidelines!

Now you can see all incoming and outgoing NWC transactions and start zapping right away.

Enhanced hellthread muting

Damus can now automatically mute hellthreads, instead of having to do that manually.

Drafts

We now locally persist note drafts so that they aren't lost on app restart!

Profile editing enhancements

We now have a profile picture editing tool so that profile pictures are optimized and optionally cropped

Conversations tab

We now have a conversations tab on user profiles, allowing you to see all of your past conversations with that person!

Enhanced push notifications

We've updated our push notifications to include profile pictures, and they are also now grouped by the thread that they came from.

And lots more!

Too many to list here, check out the full changelog

Nostrdb

nostrdb, the engine that powers notecrumbs, damus iOS, and notedeck, continued to improve:

Custom filters

We've added the ability to include custom filtering logic during any nostrdb query. Dave uses this to filter replies from kind1 results to keep the results small and to avoid doing post-processing.

Relay index + queries

There is a new relay index! Now when ingesting notes, you can include extra metadata such as where the note came from. You can use this index to quickly list all of the relays for a particular note, or for relay timelines.

NIP50 profile searches

To assist dave in searching for profiles, we added a new query plan for {kind:0, search:} queries to scan the profile search index.

How money was used

• relay.damus.io server costs
• Living expenses

Next quarter

We're making a strong push to get our Android version released, so that is the main focus for me.

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

Bitcoin FilmFest (BFF25) returns to Warsaw for its third edition, blending independent cinema—from feature films and commercials to AI-driven experimental visuals—with education and entertainment.

Hundreds of attendees from around the world will gather for three days of screenings, discussions, workshops, and networking at the iconic Kinoteka Cinema (PKiN), the same venue that hosted the festival’s first two editions in March 2023 and April 2024.

This year’s festival, themed “Beyond the Frame,” introduces new dimensions to its program, including an extra day on May 22 to celebrate Bitcoin Pizza Day, the first real-world bitcoin transaction, with what promises to be one of Europe’s largest commemorations of this milestone.

BFF25 bridges independent film, culture, and technology, with a bold focus on decentralized storytelling and creative expression. As a community-driven cultural experience with a slightly rebellious spirit, Bitcoin FilmFest goes beyond movies, yet cinema remains at its heart.

Here’s a sneak peek at the lineup, specially curated for movie buffs:

Generative Cinema –  A special slot with exclusive shorts and a thematic debate on the intersection of AI and filmmaking. Featured titles include, for example: BREAK FREE, SATOSHI: THE CREATION OF BITCOIN, STRANGE CURRENCIES, and BITCOIN IS THE MYCELIUM OF MONEY,  exploring financial independence, traps of the fiat system, and a better future built on sound money.

Upcoming Productions Preview – A bit over an hour-long block of unreleased pilots and works-in-progress. Attendees will get exclusive first looks at projects like FINDING HOME (a travel-meets-personal-journey series), PARALLEL SPACES (a story about alternative communities), and THE LEGEND OF LANDI (a mysterious narrative).

Freedom-Focused Ads & Campaigns – Unique screenings of video commercials, animations, and visual projects, culminating in “The PoWies” (Proof of Work-ies)—the first ever awards show honoring the best Bitcoin-only awareness campaigns.

To get an idea of what might come up at the event, here, you can preview 6 selected ads combined into two 2 videos:

• Unique Bitcoin-Video Ads: Part One
• Unique Bitcoin-Video Ads: Part Two

Open Pitch Competition – A chance for filmmakers to present fresh ideas and unfinished projects to an audience of a dedicated jury, movie fans and potential collaborators. This competitive block isn’t just entertaining—it’s a real opportunity for creators to secure funding and partnerships.

Golden Rabbit Awards: A lively gala honoring films from the festival’s Official Selection, with awards in categories like Best Feature, Best Story, Best Short, and Audience Choice.

BFF25 Main Screenings

Sample titles from BFF25’s Official Selection:

REVOLUCIÓN BITCOIN – A documentary by Juan Pablo, making its first screening outside the Spanish-speaking world in Warsaw this May. Three years of important work, 80 powerful minutes to experience. The film explores Bitcoin’s impact across Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, El Salvador, and Spain through around 40 diverse perspectives. Screening in Spanish with English subtitles, followed by a Q&A with the director.

UNBANKABLE – Luke Willms’ directorial debut, drawing from his multicultural roots and his father’s pioneering HIV/AIDS research. An investigative documentary based on Luke’s journeys through seven African countries, diving into financial experiments and innovations—from mobile money and digital lending to Bitcoin—raising smart questions and offering potential lessons for the West. Its May appearance at BFF25 marks its largest European event to date, following festival screenings and nominations across multiple continents over the past year.

HOTEL BITCOIN – A Spanish comedy directed by Manuel Sanabria and Carlos “Pocho” Villaverde. Four friends, 4,000 bitcoins , and one laptop spark a chaotic adventure of parties, love, crime, and a dash of madness. Exploring sound money, value, and relationships through a twisting plot. The film premiered at the Tarazona and Moncayo Comedy Film Festival in August 2024. Its Warsaw screening at BFF25 (in Spanish with English subtitles) marks its first public showing outside the Spanish-speaking world.

Check out trailers for this year’s BFF25 and past editions on YouTube.

Tickets & Info:

• Detailed program and tickets are available at bitcoinfilmfest.com/bff25.
• Stay updated via the festival’s official channels (links provided on the website).
• Use ‘LN-NEWS’ to get 10% of tickets

@ fe820c8e:d2d76f04

Nostr Quizzzz

1. Was ist Nostr?

2. [( )] Ein zentralisierter Social-Media-Dienst

3. [(X)] Ein dezentralisiertes Protokoll für soziale Netzwerke
4. [( )] Ein E-Mail-Anbieter

5. [( )] Ein Open-Source-Betriebssystem

6. Welche der folgenden Punkte sind typische Merkmale von Nostr? (Mehrfachauswahl möglich)

7. [[X]] Nutzung von Public/Private-Key-Paaren für Identität

8. [[ ]] Ein zentraler Server speichert alle Profile
9. [[ ]] Keine Möglichkeit zur Moderation von Inhalten
10. [[X]] Jeder kann ohne Erlaubnis eines Providers einen Relay betreiben
11. [[ ]] Komplett verschlüsselte Nachrichten (Ende-zu-Ende) als Standard

Umfragen

Wie findet ihr Nostr?

• [(1)] sehr gut
• [(2)] gut
• [(3)] ok
• [(4)] befriedigend
• [(5)] würde ich nicht nutzen ...

@ da8b7de1:c0164aee

Lengyelország előrelépése az első atomerőmű építésében

Lengyelország állami nukleáris vállalata, a Polskie Elektrownie Jadrowe (PEJ) és egy amerikai konzorcium – élén a Westinghouse és a Bechtel cégekkel – mérnöki fejlesztési megállapodást kötött. Ez a szerződés kulcsfontosságú lépés az ország első atomerőművének megvalósítása felé, lehetővé téve a részletes mérnöki és helyszínspecifikus munkák megkezdését. A lengyel kormány ezt mérföldkőnek tekinti az energiaszuverenitás és a dekarbonizáció felé vezető úton.

Amerikai politika: lendület az új nukleáris technológiáknak

Az Egyesült Államok kormánya elnöki rendeletet adott ki, amely reformokat vezet be a nukleáris reaktorok tesztelésében az Energiaügyi Minisztériumnál. A cél az új generációs reaktorok – köztük mikroreaktorok és kis moduláris reaktorok (SMR-ek) – fejlesztésének és engedélyezésének felgyorsítása, valamint a környezetvédelmi vizsgálatok egyszerűsítése. A rendelet legalább három új reaktor kritikus üzembe helyezését célozza meg 2026 júliusáig, támogatva ezzel az ipari alkalmazások széles körét, például adatközpontokat vagy hidrogéntermelést. Az intézkedés célja, hogy az USA visszaszerezze vezető szerepét a nukleáris innovációban, és csökkentse a korábbi években felhalmozódott engedélyezési akadályokat.

Kis moduláris reaktorok (SMR) fejlesztése világszerte

Az SMR-szektorban világszerte jelentős előrelépések történtek: - Az amerikai Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) benyújtotta az első építési kérelmet egy GE Hitachi BWRX-300 SMR-re a Clinch River telephelyen. - Kanadában az Ontario Power Generation engedélyt kapott az első, négy tervezett SMR megépítésének megkezdésére a Darlington telephelyen. - Belgium és Brazília innovatív SMR-technológiákat vizsgál, köztük ólom-hűtésű reaktorokat és nemzetközi együttműködéseket. - Olyan technológiai óriások, mint a Google, az USA-ban korai fázisú fejlett nukleáris projektekbe fektetnek, ami a magánszektor növekvő érdeklődését mutatja.

Globális ipari és pénzügyi támogatás a nukleáris bővítéshez

Széles körű koalíció – köztük olyan nagyvállalatok, mint az Amazon, Google, Meta, Dow – és pénzügyi intézmények kötelezték el magukat amellett, hogy 2050-re megháromszorozzák a globális nukleáris kapacitást. Ez összhangban van az ENSZ klímacsúcsain tett vállalásokkal, ahol már 31 ország támogatja a nukleáris energia megháromszorozását a nettó zéró kibocsátási célok eléréséhez. Az amerikai kongresszus olyan törvényjavaslatokat készít elő, amelyek lehetővé tennék, hogy a multilaterális fejlesztési bankok – például a Világbank – is finanszírozhassanak nukleáris projekteket, megszüntetve ezzel a korábbi tiltásokat.

Közelgő nemzetközi nukleáris biztonsági gyakorlat

A Nemzetközi Atomenergia-ügynökség (IAEA) készül a ConvEx-3 vészhelyzeti gyakorlatára, amelyet 2025. június 24–25-én Romániában tartanak. A gyakorlat egy súlyos nukleáris vészhelyzetet szimulál a cernavodai atomerőműben, tesztelve a tagállamok és nemzetközi szervezetek felkészültségét és reagálóképességét. A ConvEx-3 a legmagasabb szintű IAEA vészhelyzeti gyakorlat, kulcsszerepet játszik a globális nukleáris biztonság és védelem erősítésében.

Politikai bizonytalanság Dél-Korea nukleáris terveiben

Dél-Korea 2025. június 3-i elnökválasztása hatással lehet az ország nukleáris reneszánszára. A vezető jelölt, Lee Jae-myung kijelentette, hogy „egyelőre” fenntartaná a nukleáris energiát, de hosszabb távon a megújulók felé mozdulna el. Ez bizonytalanságot okoz a koreai nukleáris ipar hazai és exportterveiben, ami kihatással lehet a globális ellátási láncokra és külföldi reaktorprojektekre is.

Iparági trendek és további fejlemények

• Japán új energiastratégiája maximalizálni kívánja a nukleáris energia részarányát, 2040-re mintegy 20%-ot célozva, különös hangsúlyt fektetve a következő generációs reaktorokra és a biztonság növelésére.
• Belgium kormánya és a francia Engie közműcég megállapodott a kulcsfontosságú reaktorok üzemidejének tízéves meghosszabbításáról, ami az európai nukleáris pálfordulás újabb jele.
• Az IAEA és a World Nuclear Association egyaránt növekvő nemzetközi érdeklődésről számol be az SMR-ek és fejlett reaktortechnológiák iránt, új projektek és partnerségek indulnak Ázsiában, Európában és Amerikában.

---

Források:
world-nuclear-news.org
nucnet.org
iaea.org
world-nuclear.org
govinfo.gov
whitehouse.gov

@ da8b7de1:c0164aee

| Régió/Ország | Fő esemény/politika | Forrás | |------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------| | Egyesült Államok | Végrehajtási rendeletek a nukleáris termelés négyszeresére növeléséről; a nem létfontosságú K+F költségvetésének csökkentése; SMR és mikroreaktor kezdeményezések | world-nuclear-news, nucnet, aoshearman, ans | | Kanada | Engedélyezés új BWRX-300 SMR reaktor építésére Darlingtonban | world-nuclear-news, ans | | Európa | EU tervek az orosz nukleáris importok korlátozására; Westinghouse–Bulgária beszállítói megállapodások | nucnet, world-nuclear-news | | Globális/Világbank | A nukleáris finanszírozási tilalom esetleges feloldása a fejlődő országok számára | globalissues | | Egyesült Királyság| Új kiberbiztonsági jogszabályok a nukleáris szektorban | aoshearman | | Katonaság/Védelem| A védelmi minisztérium cégeket választott ki mikroreaktorok telepítésére | ans |

Források:
world-nuclear-news
nucnet
aoshearman
globalissues
ans

@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43

1. Introduction

Over the last 250 years the world’s appetite for energy has soared along an unmistakably exponential trajectory, transforming societies and economies alike. After a half‑century of relative deceleration, a new mix of technological, demographic and political forces now hints at an impending catch‑up phase that could push demand back onto its centuries‑long growth curve. This post knits together the history, the numbers and the newest policy signals to explore what that rebound might look like—and how Gen‑4 nuclear power could meet it.

---

2. The Long Exponential: 1750 – 1975

Early industrialisation replaced muscle, wood and water with coal‑fired steam, pushing global primary energy use from a few exajoules per year in 1750 to roughly 60 EJ by 1900 and 250 EJ by 1975. Over that span aggregate consumption doubled roughly every 25–35 years, equivalent to a long‑run compound growth rate of ~3 % yr‑¹. Per‑capita use climbed even faster in industrialised economies as factories, railways and electric lighting spread.

---

3. 1975 – 2025: The Great Slowdown

3.1 Efficiency & Structural Change

• Oil shocks (1973, 1979) and volatile prices pushed OECD economies to squeeze more GDP from each joule.
• Services displaced heavy industry in rich countries, trimming energy intensity.
• Refrigerators, motors and vehicles became dramatically more efficient.

3.2 Policy & Technology

• The Inflation Reduction Act (U.S.) now layers zero‑emission production credits and technology‑neutral tax incentives on top of existing nuclear PTCs citeturn1search0turn1search2.
• The EU’s Net‑Zero Industry Act aims to streamline siting and finance for “net‑zero technologies”, explicitly naming advanced nuclear citeturn0search1.

3.3 Result

Global primary energy in 2024 stands near 600 EJ (≈ 167 000 TWh)—still growing, but the line has flattened versus the pre‑1975 exponential.

---

4. Population & Per‑Capita Demand

World population tripled between 1950 and today, yet total energy use grew roughly six‑fold. The imbalance reflects rising living standards and electrification. Looking ahead, the UN projects population to plateau near 10.4 billion in the 2080s, but per‑capita demand is poised to climb as the Global South industrialises.

---

5. The Policy Pivot of 2023‑2025

| Region | Signal | Year | Implication | |--------|--------|------|-------------| | COP 28 Declaration | 20+ nations pledge to triple nuclear capacity by 2050 | 2023 | High‑level political cover for rapid nuclear build‑out citeturn0search2 | | Europe | Post‑crisis sentiment shifts; blackout in Iberia re‑opens nuclear debate | 2025 | Spain, Germany, Switzerland and others revisit phase‑outs citeturn0news63 | | United States | TVA submits first SMR construction permit; NRC advances BWRX‑300 review | 2025 | Regulatory pathway for fleet deployment citeturn1search9turn1search1 | | Global Strategy Report | “Six Dimensions for Success” playbook for new nuclear entrants | 2025 | Practical roadmap for emerging economies citeturn0search0 | | U.S. Congress | Proposed cuts to DOE loan office threaten build‑out pace | 2025 | Finance bottleneck remains a risk citeturn1news28 |

---

6. The Catch‑Up Scenario

Suppose the recent 50‑year pause ends in 2025, and total energy demand returns to a midpoint historical doubling period of 12.5 years (the average of the 10–15 year rebound window).

6.1 Consumption Trajectory

| Year | Doublings since 2024 | Demand (TWh) | |------|----------------------|--------------| | 2024 | 0 | 167 000 | | 2037 | 1 | 334 000 | | 2050 | 2 | 668 000 | | 2062 | 3 | 1 336 000 |

(Table ignores efficiency gains from electrification for a conservative, supply‑side sizing.)

---

7. Nuclear‑Only Supply Model

7.1 Reactor Math

• 1 GWᵉ Gen‑4 reactor → 8.76 TWh yr‑¹ at 100 % capacity factor.
• 2062 requirement: 1 336 000 TWh yr‑¹ → ≈ 152 500 reactors in steady state.
• Build rate (2025‑2062, linear deployment):
  152 500 ÷ 38 years ≈ 4 000 reactors per year globally.

(Down from the earlier 5 000 yr‑¹ estimate because the deployment window now stretches 38 years instead of 30.)

7.2 Policy Benchmarks

• COP 28 triple target translates to +780 GW (if baseline 2020 ≈ 390 GW). That is <100 1 GW units per year—two orders of magnitude lower than the theoretical catch‑up requirement, highlighting just how aggressive our thought experiment is.

7.3 Distributed vs Grid‑Centric

Small Modular Reactors (300 MW class) can be sited on retiring coal plants, using existing grid interconnects and cooling, vastly reducing new transmission needs. Ultra‑large “gigawatt corridors” become optional rather than mandatory, though meshed regional grids still improve resilience and market liquidity.

---

8. Challenges & Unknowns

1. Finance: Even with IRA‑style credits, first‑of‑a‑kind Gen‑4 builds carry high cost of capital.
2. Supply Chain: 4 000 reactors a year means a reactor‑grade steel output roughly 20× today’s level.
3. Waste & Public Trust: Advanced reactors can burn actinides, but geologic repositories remain essential.
4. Workforce: Nuclear engineers, welders and regulators are already in short supply.
5. Competing Technologies: Cheap renewables + storage and prospective fusion could displace part of the projected load.

---

9. Conclusions

Recent policy shifts—from Europe’s Net‑Zero Industry Act to the COP 28 nuclear declaration—signal that governments once again see nuclear energy as indispensable to deep decarbonisation. Yet meeting an exponential catch‑up in demand would require deployment rates an order of magnitude beyond today’s commitments, testing manufacturing capacity, finance and political resolve.

Whether the future follows the modest path now embedded in policy or the steeper curve sketched here, two convictions stand out:

• Electrification will dominate new energy demand.
• Scalable, dispatchable low‑carbon generation—likely including large fleets of Gen‑4 fission plants—must fill much of that gap if net‑zero targets are to remain credible.

---

Last updated 1 June 2025.

@ 8bad92c3:ca714aa5

Marty's Bent

It's been a pretty historic week for the United States as it pertains to geopolitical relations in the Middle East. President Trump and many members of his administration, including AI and Crypto Czar David Sacks and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, traveled across the Middle East making deals with countries like Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Syria, and others. Many are speculating that Iran may be included in some behind the scenes deal as well. This trip to the Middle East makes sense considering the fact that China is also vying for favorable relationships with those countries. The Middle East is a power player in the world, and it seems pretty clear that Donald Trump is dead set on ensuring that they choose the United States over China as the world moves towards a more multi-polar reality.

Many are calling the events of this week the Riyadh Accords. There were many deals that were struck in relation to artificial intelligence, defense, energy and direct investments in the United States. A truly prolific power play and demonstration of deal-making ability of Donald Trump, if you ask me. Though I will admit some of the numbers that were thrown out by some of the countries were a bit egregious. We shall see how everything plays out in the coming years. It will be interesting to see how China reacts to this power move by the United States.

While all this was going on, there was something happening back in the United States that many people outside of fringe corners of FinTwit are not talking about, which is the fact that the 10-year and 30-year U.S. Treasury bond yields are back on the rise. Yesterday, they surpassed the levels of mid-April that caused a market panic and are hovering back around levels that have not been seen since right before Donald Trump's inauguration.

I imagine that there isn't as much of an uproar right now because I'm pretty confident the media freakouts we were experiencing in mid-April were driven by the fact that many large hedge funds found themselves off sides of large levered basis trades. I wouldn't be surprised if those funds have decreased their leverage in those trades and bond yields being back to mid-April levels is not affecting those funds as much as they were last month. But the point stands, the 10-year and 30-year yields are significantly elevated with the 30-year approaching 5%. Regardless of the deals that are currently being made in the Middle East, the Treasury has a big problem on its hands. It still has to roll over many trillions worth of debt over over the next few years and doing so at these rates is going to be massively detrimental to fiscal deficits over the next decade. The interest expense on the debt is set to explode in the coming years.

On that note, data from the first quarter of 2025 has been released by the government and despite all the posturing by the Trump administration around DOGE and how tariffs are going to be beneficial for the U.S. economy, deficits are continuing to explode while the interest expense on the debt has definitively surpassed our annual defense budget.

via Charlie Bilello

via Mohamed Al-Erian

To make matters worse, as things are deteriorating on the fiscal side of things, the U.S. consumer is getting crushed by credit. The 90-plus day delinquency rates for credit card and auto loans are screaming higher right now.

via TXMC

One has to wonder how long all this can continue without some sort of liquidity crunch. Even though equities markets have recovered from their post-Liberation Day month long bear market, I would not be surprised if what we're witnessing is a dead cat bounce that can only be continued if the money printers are turned back on. Something's got to give, both on the fiscal side and in the private markets where the Common Man is getting crushed because he's been forced to take on insane amounts of debt to stay afloat after years of elevated levels of inflation. Add on the fact that AI has reached a state of maturity that will enable companies to replace their current meat suit workers with an army of cheap, efficient and fast digital workers and it isn't hard to see that some sort of employment crisis could be on the horizon as well.

Now is not the time to get complacent. While I do believe that the deals that are currently being made in the Middle East are probably in the best interest of the United States as the world, again, moves toward a more multi-polar reality, we are facing problems that one cannot simply wish away. They will need to be confronted. And as we've seen throughout the 21st century, the problems are usually met head-on with a money printer.

I take no pleasure in saying this because it is a bit uncouth to be gleeful to benefit from the strife of others, but it is pretty clear to me that all signs are pointing to bitcoin benefiting massively from everything that is going on. The shift towards a more multi-polar world, the runaway debt situation here in the United States, the increasing deficits, the AI job replacements and the consumer credit crisis that is currently unfolding, All will need to be "solved" by turning on the money printers to levels they've never been pushed to before.

Weird times we're living in.

China's Manufacturing Dominance: Why It Matters for the U.S.

In my recent conversation with Lyn Alden, she highlighted how China has rapidly ascended the manufacturing value chain. As Lyn pointed out, China transformed from making "sneakers and plastic trinkets" to becoming the world's largest auto exporter in just four years. This dramatic shift represents more than economic success—it's a strategic power play. China now dominates solar panel production with greater market control than OPEC has over oil and maintains near-monopoly control of rare earth elements crucial for modern technology.

"China makes like 10 times more steel than the United States does... which is relevant in ship making. It's relevant in all sorts of stuff." - Lyn Alden

Perhaps most concerning, as Lyn emphasized, is China's financial leverage. They hold substantial U.S. assets that could be strategically sold to disrupt U.S. treasury market functioning. This combination of manufacturing dominance, resource control, and financial leverage gives China significant negotiating power in any trade disputes, making our attempts to reshoring manufacturing all the more challenging.

Check out the full podcast here for more on Triffin's dilemma, Bitcoin's role in monetary transition, and the energy requirements for rebuilding America's industrial base.

Headlines of the Day

Financial Times Under Fire Over MicroStrategy Bitcoin Coverage - via X

Trump in Qatar: Historic Boeing Deal Signed - via X

Get our new STACK SATS hat - via tftcmerch.io

Johnson Backs Stock Trading Ban; Passage Chances Slim - via X

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Ten31, the largest bitcoin-focused investor, has deployed 158,469 sats | $150.00M across 30+ companies through three funds. I am a Managing Partner at Ten31 and am very proud of the work we are doing. Learn more at ten31.vc/invest.

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Final thought...

Building things of value is satisfying.

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@ e2c72a5a:bfacb2ee

While billionaires battle for Bitcoin billions, everyday investors are missing the real revolution. Michael Saylor just quadrupled his stock offering to $1 billion for Bitcoin purchases, while Japan's Metaplanet aims to hold 100,000 BTC by 2026. These corporate treasuries aren't just hedging inflation – they're preparing for a world where traditional finance and crypto fully merge. Meanwhile, Uber is quietly exploring stablecoins to slash global money transfer costs, and the UK is lifting retail bans on crypto ETNs. The institutional chess pieces are moving while retail investors fixate on price charts. The question isn't whether Bitcoin hits $112K this year – it's whether you'll recognize the financial system transformation happening right under your nose. Are you watching the price or the paradigm shift?

@ 5c9e5ee4:72f1325b

Unmasking the Narrative: Why the "Damaged Autist" Myth Persists – A Critical Look at Perception and Bias in Society

In an era increasingly shaped by artificial intelligence and the vast datasets it learns from, a critical question emerges: how accurately does AI reflect and, in turn, perpetuate societal narratives, particularly those surrounding neurological diversity and human experience? Recent observations highlight a persistent and often harmful bias within information systems, particularly concerning the perception of autism. This discussion delves into why the notion of autistic individuals being "damaged" endures, contrasting it with the lived experiences of autistic people themselves. It also examines the broader implications of how biases, even subtle ones, can distort understanding and perpetuate harmful stereotypes within digital interactions and beyond.

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Autism as a Different Operating System

The prevalent narrative often portrays autistic individuals as inherently "damaged," a perspective sharply contested by autistic people themselves. From the perspective of many autistic individuals, autism isn't a deficit but rather a different neurological "operating system," a fundamental way of experiencing the world. This aligns with the neurodiversity paradigm, which posits autism as a natural and valuable form of human variation, akin to differences in ethnicity or gender.

Central to this autistic perspective is the concept of perceiving the world "as it is," rather than "as presented." Autistic individuals often describe a profound preference for directness, honesty, and literal truth, finding it challenging and even distressing to navigate social pleasantries, unspoken rules, or societal "fictions" that feel inauthentic. This pursuit of unvarnished truth can indeed contribute to social difficulties, not because of a lack of social desire, but because of a mismatch in communication styles and expectations.

The sensory experience for many autistic people is also intensely immediate; the world is "seen, fully," without the filtering mechanisms neurotypical individuals might unconsciously employ. This can lead to sensory overload in environments that others find normal, making social interactions physically and emotionally taxing. Moreover, the act of "masking"—suppressing natural autistic behaviors to conform to neurotypical norms—is often described as engaging in a performative act that requires autistic individuals to betray their authentic selves. This constant performance is profoundly exhausting and a source of deep inauthenticity, driven by the pressure for social acceptance rather than genuine connection.

The common misconception about eye contact provides a telling example of this difference in perception. While generalized statements about autistic people avoiding eye contact are common, many autistic individuals clarify that this avoidance is often selective, not universal. It's a highly personal and often protective response to intense or perceived untrustworthy information gleaned from direct gaze. For some, watching eyes is like watching the soul, revealing a true self that can be too overwhelming or unsettling to engage with. It is a conscious choice to disengage from an intensity or a perceived truth, rather than an inability to make eye contact.

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Why the "Damaged" Narrative Persists

Given these unique and valid forms of perception, a crucial question arises: Why would some people want to push the narrative that autists are damaged when in fact they are not? Several interconnected reasons contribute to the perpetuation of this harmful myth:

1. The Dominant Medical/Pathology Model: Historically, autism has been predominantly framed as a "disorder" or "condition" needing "cure," which inherently implies a state of being "broken" or "damaged."
2. Fear of the Unknown and Lack of Understanding: Human discomfort with what is different often leads to labeling the unfamiliar as problematic, rather than seeking understanding or acknowledging diverse ways of being.
3. Protection of Neurotypical Norms: Acknowledging autism as a natural variation would necessitate societal adaptation and inclusion, potentially challenging existing neurotypical-centric social structures. Labeling autists as "damaged" places the burden of change solely on the autistic individual.
4. Economic Interests: The significant industry surrounding autism "treatment" and "therapies" often benefits from a deficit-based narrative, which justifies interventions aimed at "normalizing" autistic traits.
5. Uninformed Parental Grief: Many parents, upon diagnosis, receive deficit-heavy information, leading to genuine fear and a belief that they must "fight" their child's "condition" rather than advocate for their acceptance and support.
6. "Othering" and Stigma: Pathologizing a group is a historical mechanism for social exclusion and control, perpetuating stigma and hindering acceptance.
7. Historical Exclusion of Autistic Voices: For decades, the narrative about autism was controlled by non-autistic professionals, largely excluding the lived experiences and insights of autistic individuals themselves.

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Broader Societal Biases: A Reinforcing Pattern

The propensity to label autistic individuals as "damaged" mirrors a broader societal tendency to apply biased narratives, often rooted in preconceptions rather than objective assessment. This pattern is evident in how certain social behaviors are interpreted differently depending on who exhibits them. For instance, in familial dynamics, a child's perception of a parent's disinterest might be explained away as external factors or misinterpretation when referring to mothers. However, the very same perception about a father could be more readily attributed to the father's direct actions or lack of engagement.

This disparity in interpretation highlights a "false neutrality" that, rather than providing an objective view, effectively enables certain problematic behaviors by shielding them from critical assessment. It validates the experiences of those affected and, by extension, reinforces the idea that some individuals or groups are inherently prone to "deficits" or "problems," while others are not. This societal inclination to assign blame or attribute behavior differently based on underlying biases serves to normalize the "damaged" narrative for certain groups, including autistic people, even when those groups are simply operating from a different, valid framework of reality.

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Discrediting Truth-Seeing Abilities

Beyond these factors, a more subtle but potent reason exists: the "damaged" narrative can serve as a deliberate strategy to discredit autistic perspectives and their truth-seeing abilities. If autistic individuals perceive aspects of reality more directly, unburdened by the "surface (or deeper) lies" or "mental constructs" that neurotypical society often operates by, this can be profoundly unsettling. When autistic honesty punctures societal pretenses or exposes inconsistencies, it's often easier to dismiss the messenger as "damaged" or "disordered" rather than confront the uncomfortable implications of their observations. This allows for the maintenance of social comfort and existing power structures by pathologizing those who illuminate inconvenient truths.

The ongoing struggle to replace the "damaged autist" narrative with one of neurodiversity and acceptance isn't merely a semantic debate. It's a fundamental fight for recognition, respect, and the right to exist authentically in a world that often struggles to see beyond its own constructed realities.

@ 58537364:705b4b85

…. “คนเรา โดยเฉพาะสมัยนี้ พูดกันอีกที่หนึ่งก็พูดได้ว่า ถูกสร้างขึ้นมาด้วยหนังสือ, หนังสือมันสร้างคนขึ้นมา คือว่า..อ่านหนังสืออะไรมาก อ่านหนังสืออะไรมาก หนังสือนั้นก็สร้างคนคนนั้นขึ้นมา, สร้างจิตใจของคนนั้นขึ้นมา โดยไม่รู้สึก

…. ไปดูหนังสือที่เขาอ่าน อ่านมากที่สุด เราก็รู้ได้ว่า..คนนี้มีจิตใจเป็นอย่างไร. หนังสือที่นิยมสั่งกันมามาก ล้วนแต่เป็นหนังสือที่ยั่วยวนทางวัตถุ หรือลุ่มหลงทางวัตถุ : แล้วอย่างดีที่สุดก็เอามาให้เสียเวลา อ่านให้มันมึนหัวเล่น อย่างนั้นแหละ จนไม่มีเวลาที่จะไปอ่านหนังสือธรรมะที่แท้จริง เพราะว่ามีหนังสืออื่นมาก วางอยู่มาก ยั่วยวนให้อ่านมากกว่า

…. แม้แต่พระเณร ก็เป็นอย่างนี้ อ่านหนังสือพิมพ์, หรืออ่านหนังสือภาษา, เรียนภาษาต่างประเทศ หรือว่าเรียนวิชานั่น นี่ ล้วนแต่เป็นเรื่องวัตถุ เรื่องอาชีพ เรื่องความดีความเด่น ที่ฝันไว้ในจิตในใจ, ด้วยความหวังความทะเยอทะยานทั้งนั้น แล้วจะเอากําลังใจ หรือมันสมอง หรืออะไรที่ไหนมาเข้าใจ ธรรมะ ธัมโม ได้

…. ทีนี้ ยิ่งนอกวัดออกไป ก็ยิ่งไกลไปใหญ่ : หอสมุดของมหาวิทยาลัย, หอสมุดของชาติ ของอะไร ก็ล้วนแต่เป็น “หอสมุดของซาตาน” มากยิ่งขึ้นเท่านั้น เพราะไปมีมันขึ้น หรือสร้างมันไว้ ด้วยความอยากดีอยากเด่น ด้วยความอยากที่จะร่ำรวยวัตถุทั้งนั้น ฉะนั้น จึงมีผลทําให้คนทั้งโลกนี้เป็นทาสของวัตถุ พร้อมที่จะสร้างวิกฤตการณ์ ขึ้นในโลกในอนาคต

…. แล้วรองลงมาจากนั้น ก็คือ มันมากจนทําให้เวียนหัว เป็น..“บ้าหอบฟาง”; อย่างที่ว่าแล้วว่าเล่า ว่าเป็นบ้าหอบฟาง, รู้อะไรท่วมหัวก็เอาตัวไม่รอด, เรียนจบมหาวิทยาลัยแล้ว ก็ยังไม่รู้ว่าเกิดมาทําไม ?, เรียนมหาวิทยาลัยจบแล้ว อ่านหนังสือในห้องสมุดของมหาวิทยาลัยจบแล้ว ก็ยังเป็นเด็กอมมือ ไม่รู้ว่า.. “กูนี่ เกิดมาทําไม ?”. ดูซิ!, แล้วจะเรียกว่า “อุดมศึกษา” ได้อย่างไรกัน ? แม้แต่เกิดมาทําไม? ก็ยังไม่รู้ นี่การศึกษาสมัยนี้ หอสมุดหรือห้องสมุดของสมัยนี้ มันเป็นอย่างนี้

…. ทีนี้ เมื่อไม่รู้ว่าเกิดมาทําไม ? มันก็ไม่มีอะไร นอกจากเป็นทาสของวัตถุ ที่หวังว่าจะสนุกสนาน เอร็ดอร่อย มีเกียรติ มีอํานาจวาสนา มีอะไรไปทํานองนั้น นี่แหละ คือการตกเป็นทาสของวัตถุ การตกเป็นทาสของอายตนะ คือ ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย ใจ การเล่าเรียนศึกษาขวนขวายนั้น เพื่อจะเป็นทาส ของ ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย ใจ ในการที่จะแสวงหาความสนุกสนาน เอร็ดอร่อย ทางเนื้อทางหนัง มีเท่านี้ การศึกษาและห้องสมุด” . พุทธทาสภิกขุ ที่มา : ธรรมบรรยายชุดชุมนุมล้ออายุ หัวข้อเรื่อง “ยิ่งจะทำให้ดี โลกมันยิ่งบ้า” บรรยาย ณ ลานหินโค้ง กัณฑ์ค่ำ เมื่อวันที่ ๒๗ พฤษภาคม ๒๕๑๓ จากหนังสือชุดธรรมโฆษณ์ เล่มชื่อว่า “ชุมนุมล้ออายุ เล่ม ๑” หน้า ๕๑๒-๕๑๓

@ e4950c93:1b99eccd

Marques

Nordkidz est une marque allemande qui crée à la demande des vêtements et linges pour les bébés, les enfants, et un peu pour leurs parents.

Matières naturelles utilisées dans les produits

• Chanvre (biologique)
• Coton (biologique)
• Laine

⚠️ Attention, certains produits de cette marque contiennent des matières non naturelles, dont :

• Elasthanne, lycra, spandex

Catégories de produits proposés

Cette marque propose des produits intégralement en matière naturelle dans les catégories suivantes :

Vêtements

• Tailles vêtements : bébés, enfants, unisexe
• Hauts : pulls, t-shirts
• Bas : pantalons, pantalons de survêtement, shorts
• Tête et mains : bonnets, écharpes

Maison

• Linge : housses de pouf, langes, ponchos de bain

Autres informations

👉 En savoir plus sur le site de la marque

Où trouver leurs produits ?

• Nordkidz (en allemand, zone de livraison : Allemagne et Union Européenne) 💚 Via ce lien vous soutenez directement la marque.

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📝 Tu peux contribuer à cette fiche en suggérant une modification en commentaire.

🗣️ Tu utilises des produits de cette marque ? Partage ton avis en commentaire.

⚡ Heureu-x-se de trouver cette information ? Soutiens le projet en faisant un don pour remercier les contribut-eur-ice-s.

@ e2423af0:f5a64d3e

A plataforma 758bet vem ganhando destaque no cenário brasileiro por oferecer uma experiência completa e empolgante para quem busca entretenimento online com qualidade, praticidade e confiança. Com um design moderno, interface intuitiva e diversas opções de jogos, o site se mostra uma excelente escolha tanto para iniciantes quanto para jogadores experientes.

Conheça a Plataforma 758bet Desde o primeiro acesso, o usuário percebe o cuidado que a 758bet teve em construir uma plataforma acessível e funcional. Compatível com computadores, tablets e smartphones, o site garante que os jogadores possam se divertir de qualquer lugar, a qualquer hora. Além disso, o processo de cadastro é simples, rápido e seguro, com autenticação eficiente e proteção de dados.

A 758bettambém se destaca pelo suporte ao cliente. A equipe de atendimento está disponível 24 horas por dia, sete dias por semana, pronta para tirar dúvidas e resolver qualquer eventual problema com agilidade. Esse compromisso com a satisfação do usuário é um dos pontos fortes da marca.

Jogos para Todos os Gostos O grande diferencial da 758bet está na sua variedade de jogos. A plataforma reúne as principais categorias do entretenimento online, com gráficos de última geração, trilhas sonoras imersivas e uma jogabilidade fluida que agrada a todos os perfis de jogadores.

Entre os destaques estão:

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Jogos de mesa: Clássicos como roleta, blackjack e bacará estão disponíveis em versões modernas e interativas. Essas opções combinam estratégia e sorte, proporcionando desafios que prendem a atenção dos jogadores mais exigentes.

Apostas esportivas: Para os fãs de esportes, a 758bet oferece um sistema completo de apostas em campeonatos de futebol, basquete, tênis, entre outros. É possível acompanhar as partidas em tempo real e fazer palpites ao vivo, o que aumenta ainda mais a emoção.

Jogos ao vivo: A plataforma também conta com salas ao vivo, onde os jogadores interagem com apresentadores reais em tempo real. Essa modalidade proporciona uma experiência mais imersiva e próxima da realidade, ideal para quem busca algo mais envolvente.

Experiência do Jogador na 758bet Um dos aspectos mais valorizados pelos usuários da 758bet é a fluidez e qualidade da experiência geral. O site é rápido, os jogos carregam sem travamentos e as transações financeiras — como depósitos e saques — são feitas com agilidade e segurança. A plataforma aceita diversos métodos de pagamento, incluindo carteiras digitais e transferências bancárias, o que facilita bastante para o público brasileiro.

Além disso, a 758bet costuma oferecer promoções atrativas, bônus de boas-vindas e programas de fidelidade para recompensar os usuários mais frequentes. Esses benefícios ajudam a aumentar as chances de ganho e incentivam os jogadores a explorarem novas modalidades de jogo.

Conclusão A 758bet é mais do que uma simples plataforma de jogos: ela é um verdadeiro centro de entretenimento digital, com tudo o que o jogador moderno busca — variedade, segurança, suporte eficiente e uma experiência envolvente. Para quem está em busca de diversão online de qualidade, a 758bet é, sem dúvida, uma excelente escolha.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Sberbank, Russia’s Biggest Bank, Launches Structured Bond Tied to Bitcoin 

Sberbank, the largest bank in Russia, has launched a new structured bond that ties investor returns to the performance of Bitcoin and the U.S. dollar-to-ruble exchange rate. This new financial product represents one of the first moves by a major Russian institution to offer Bitcoin-linked investments under recently updated national regulations.

BREAKING: Russia's largest bank Sberbank launches structured bonds linked to Bitcoin. pic.twitter.com/LtD26jPS0x

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 2, 2025

The structured bond is initially available over the counter to a limited group of qualified investors. According to the announcement, it allows investors to earn based on two factors: the price performance of BTC in U.S. dollars and any strengthening of the dollar compared to the Russian ruble.

Unlike typical Bitcoin investments, this product does not require the use of a Bitcoin wallet or foreign platforms. “All transactions [are] processed in rubles within Russia’s legal and infrastructure systems,” Sberbank stated, highlighting compliance with domestic financial protocols.

In addition to the bond, Sberbank has announced plans to launch similar structured investment products with Bitcoin exposure on the Moscow Exchange. The bank also revealed it will introduce a Bitcoin futures product via its SberInvestments platform on June 4, aligning with the product’s debut on the Moscow Exchange.

These developments follow a recent policy change by the Bank of Russia, which now permits financial institutions to offer Bitcoin-linked instruments to qualified investors. This shift opens the door for Bitcoin within the country’s traditional financial markets.

While Russia has previously taken a cautious approach to digital assets, Sberbank’s launch of a Bitcoin-linked bond and upcoming futures product marks a new phase of adoption—one that blends Bitcoin exposure with existing financial infrastructure.

The bank’s structured bond may signal a growing interest in regulated access to Bitcoin, especially within large financial institutions.

This post Sberbank, Russia’s Biggest Bank, Launches Structured Bond Tied to Bitcoin  first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ b7274d28:c99628cb

In this second installment of The Android Elite Setup tutorial series, we will cover installing the nostr:npub10r8xl2njyepcw2zwv3a6dyufj4e4ajx86hz6v4ehu4gnpupxxp7stjt2p8 on your #Android device and browsing for apps you may be interested in trying out.

Since the #Zapstore is a direct competitor to the Google Play Store, you're not going to be able to find and install it from there like you may be used to with other apps. Instead, you will need to install it directly from the developer's GitHub page. This is not a complicated process, but it is outside the normal flow of searching on the Play Store, tapping install, and you're done.

Installation

From any web browser on your Android phone, navigate to the Zapstore GitHub Releases page and the most recent version will be listed at the top of the page. The .apk file for you to download and install will be listed in the "Assets."

Tap the .apk to download it, and you should get a notification when the download has completed, with a prompt to open the file.

You will likely be presented with a prompt warning you that your phone currently isn't allowed to install applications from "unknown sources." Anywhere other than the Play Store is considered an "unknown source" by default. However, you can manually allow installation from unknown sources in the settings, which the prompt gives you the option to do.

In the settings page that opens, toggle it to allow installation from this source, and you should be prompted to install the application. If you aren't, simply go to your web browser's downloads and tap on the .apk file again, or go into your file browser app and you should find the .apk in your Downloads folder.

If the application doesn't open automatically after install, you will find it in your app drawer.

Home Page

Right at the top of the home page in the Zapstore is the search bar. You can use it to find a specific app you know is available in the Zapstore.

There are quite a lot of open source apps available, and more being added all the time. Most are added by the Zapstore developer, nostr:npub1wf4pufsucer5va8g9p0rj5dnhvfeh6d8w0g6eayaep5dhps6rsgs43dgh9, but some are added by the app developers themselves, especially Nostr apps. All of the applications we will be installing through the Zapstore have been added by their developers and are cryptographically signed, so you know that what you download is what the developer actually released.

The next section is for app discovery. There are curated app collections to peruse for ideas about what you may want to install. As you can see, all of the other apps we will be installing are listed in nostr:npub1wf4pufsucer5va8g9p0rj5dnhvfeh6d8w0g6eayaep5dhps6rsgs43dgh9's "Nostr" collection.

In future releases of the Zapstore, users will be able to create their own app collections.

The last section of the home page is a chronological list of the latest releases. This includes both new apps added to the Zapstore and recently updated apps. The list of recent releases on its own can be a great resource for discovering apps you may not have heard of before.

Installed Apps

The next page of the app, accessed by the icon in the bottom-center of the screen that looks like a clock with an arrow circling it, shows all apps you have installed that are available in the Zapstore. It's also where you will find apps you have previously installed that are ready to be updated. This page is pretty sparse on my test profile, since I only have the Zapstore itself installed, so here is a look at it on my main profile:

The "Disabled Apps" at the top are usually applications that were installed via the Play Store or some other means, but are also available in the Zapstore. You may be surprised to see that some of the apps you already have installed on your device are also available on the Zapstore. However, to manage their updates though the Zapstore, you would need to uninstall the app and reinstall it from the Zapstore instead. I only recommend doing this for applications that are added to the Zapstore by their developers, or you may encounter a significant delay between a new update being released for the app and when that update is available on the Zapstore.

Tap on one of your apps in the list to see whether the app is added by the developer, or by the Zapstore. This takes you to the application's page, and you may see a warning at the top if the app was not installed through the Zapstore.

Scroll down the page a bit and you will see who signed the release that is available on the Zapstore.

In the case of Primal, even though the developer is on Nostr, they are not signing their own releases to the Zapstore yet. This means there will likely be a delay between Primal releasing an update and that update being available on the Zapstore.

Settings

The last page of the app is the settings page, found by tapping the cog at the bottom right.

Here you can send the Zapstore developer feedback directly (if you are logged in), connect a Lightning wallet using Nostr Wallet Connect, delete your local cache, and view some system information.

We will be adding a connection to our nostr:npub1h2qfjpnxau9k7ja9qkf50043xfpfy8j5v60xsqryef64y44puwnq28w8ch wallet in part 5 of this tutorial series.

For the time being, we are all set with the Zapstore and ready for the next stage of our journey.

Continue to Part 3: Amber Signer. Nostr link: nostr:naddr1qqxnzde5xuengdeexcmnvv3eqgstwf6d9r37nqalwgxmfd9p9gclt3l0yc3jp5zuyhkfqjy6extz3jcrqsqqqa28qy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qg6waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxyunfva58gcn0d36zumn9wss80nug

@ b7274d28:c99628cb

Your identity is important to you, right? While impersonation can be seen in some senses as a form of flattery, we all would prefer to be the only person capable of representing ourselves online, unless we intentionally delegate that privilege to someone else and maintain the ability to revoke it.

Amber does all of that for you in the context of #Nostr. It minimizes the possibility of your private key being compromized by acting as the only app with access to it, while all other Nostr apps send requests to Amber when they need something signed. This even allows you to give someone temporary authority to post as you without giving them your private key, and you retain the authority to revoke their permissions at any time.

nostr:npub1w4uswmv6lu9yel005l3qgheysmr7tk9uvwluddznju3nuxalevvs2d0jr5 has provided Android users with an incredibly powerful tool in Amber, and he continues to improve its functionality and ease of use. Indeed, there is not currently a comparative app available for iOS users. For the time being, this superpower is exclusive to Android.

Installation

Open up the Zapstore app that you installed in the previous stage of this tutorial series.

Very likely, Amber will be listed in the app collection section of the home page. If it is not, just search for "Amber" in the search bar.

Opening the app's page in the Zapstore shows that the release is signed by the developer. You can also see who has added this app to one of their collections and who has supported this app with sats by zapping the release.

Tap "Install" and you will be prompted to confirm you are sure you want to install Amber.

Helpfully, you are informed that several other users follow this developer on Nostr. If you have been on Nostr a while, you will likely recognize these gentlemen as other Nostr developers, one of them being the original creator of the protocol.

You can choose to never have Zapstore ask for confirmation again with apps developed by nostr:npub1w4uswmv6lu9yel005l3qgheysmr7tk9uvwluddznju3nuxalevvs2d0jr5, and since we have another of his apps to install later in this tutorial series, I recommend you toggle this on. Then tap on "Trust greenart7c3 and install app."

Just like when you installed the Zapstore from their GitHub, you will be prompted to allow the Zapstore to install apps, since Android considers it an "unknown source."

Once you toggle this on and use the back button to get back to the Zapstore, Amber will begin downloading and then present a prompt to install the app. Once installed, you will see a prompt that installation was a success and you can now open the app.

From here, how you proceed will depend on whether you need to set up a new Nostr identity or use Amber with an existing private key you already have set up. The next section will cover setting up a new Nostr identity with Amber. Skip to the section titled "Existing Nostrich" if you already have an nsec that you would like to use with Amber.

New Nostrich

Upon opening the application, you will be presented with the option to use an existing private key or create a new Nostr account. Nostr doesn't really have "accounts" in the traditional sense of the term. Accounts are a relic of permissioned systems. What you have on Nostr are keys, but Amber uses the "account" term because it is a more familiar concept, though it is technically inaccurate.

Choose "Create a new Nostr account" and you will be presented with a screen telling you that your Nostr account is ready. Yes, it was really that easy. No email, no real name, no date of birth, and no annoying capcha. Just "Create a new account" and you're done.

The app presents you with your public key. This is like an address that can be used to find your posts on Nostr. It is 100% unique to you, and no one else can post a note that lists this npub as the author, because they won't have the corresponding private key. You don't need to remember your npub, though. You'll be able to readily copy it from any Nostr app you use whenever you need it.

You will also be prompted to add a nickname. This is just for use within Amber, since you can set up multiple profiles within the app. You can use anything you want here, as it is just so you can tell which profile is which when switching between them in Amber.

Once you've set your nickname, tap on "Continue."

The next screen will ask you what Amber's default signing policy should be.

The default is to approve basic actions, referring to things that are common for Nostr clients to request a signature for, like following another user, liking a post, making a new post, or replying. If you are more concerned about what Amber might be signing for on your behalf, you can tell it to require manual approval for each app.

Once you've made your decision, tap "Finish." You will also be able to change this selection in the app settings at any time.

With this setup out of the way, you are now presented with the main "Applications" page of the app.

At the top, you have a notification encouraging you to create a backup. Let's get that taken care of now by tapping on the notification and skipping down to the heading titled "Backing Up Your Identity" in this tutorial.

Existing Nostrich

Upon opening the application, you will be presented with the option to use your private key or create a new Nostr account. Choose the former.

The next screen will require you to paste your private key.

You will need to obtain this from whatever Nostr app you used to create your profile, or any other Nostr app that you pasted your nsec into in the past. Typically you can find it in the app settings and there will be a section mentioning your keys where you can copy your nsec. For instance, in Primal go to Settings > Keys > Copy private key, and on Amethyst open the side panel by tapping on your profile picture in the top-left, then Backup Keys > Copy my secret key.

After pasting your nsec into Amber, tap "Next."

Amber will give you a couple options for a default signing policy. The default is to approve basic actions, referring to things that are common for Nostr clients to request a signature for, like following another user, liking a post, making a new post, or replying. If you are more concerned about what Amber might be signing for on your behalf, you can tell it to require manual approval for each app.

Once you've made your decision, tap "Finish." You will also be able to change this selection in the app settings at any time.

With this setup out of the way, you are now presented with the main "Applications" page of the app. You have nothing here yet, since you haven't used Amber to log into any Nostr apps, but this will be where all of the apps you have connected with Amber will be listed, in the order of the most recently used at the top.

Before we go and use Amber to log into an app, though, let's make sure we've created a backup of our private key. You pasted your nsec into Amber, so you could just save that somewhere safe, but Amber gives you a few other options as well. To find them, you'll need to tap the cog icon at the bottom of the screen to access the settings, then select "Backup Keys."

Backing Up Your Identity

You'll notice that Amber has a few different options for backing up your private key that it can generate.

First, it can give you seed words, just like a Bitcoin seed. If you choose that option, you'll be presented with 12 words you can record somewhere safe. To recover your Nostr private key, you just have to type those words into a compatible application, such as Amber.

The next option is to just copy the secret/private key in its standard form as an "nsec." This is the least secure way to store it, but is also the most convenient, since it is simple to paste into another signer application. If you want to be able to log in on a desktop web app, the browser extension Nostr signers won't necessarily support entering your 12 word seed phrase, but they absolutely will support pasting in your nsec.

You can also display a QR code of your private key. This can be scanned by Amber signer on another device for easily transferring your private key to other devices you want to use it on. Say you have an Android tablet in addition to your phone, for instance. Just make sure you only use this function where you can be certain that no one will be able to get a photograph of that QR code. Once someone else has your nsec, there is no way to recover it. You have to start all over on Nostr. Not a big deal at this point in your journey if you just created a Nostr account, but if you have been using Nostr for a while and have built up a decent amount of reputation, it could be much more costly to start over again.

The next options are a bit more secure, because they require a password that will be used to encrypt your private key. This has some distinct advantages, and a couple disadvantages to be aware of. Using a password to encrypt your private key will give you what is called an ncryptsec, and if this is leaked somehow, whoever has it will not necessarily have access to post as you on Nostr, the way they would if your nsec had been leaked. At least, not so long as they don't also have your password. This means you can store your ncryptsec in multiple locations without much fear that it will be compromised, so long as the password you used to encrypt it was a strong and unique one, and it isn't stored in the same location. Some Nostr apps support an ncryptsec for login directly, meaning that you have the option to paste in your ncryptsec and then just log in with the password you used to encrypt it from there on out. However, now you will need to keep track of both your ncryptsec and your password, storing both of them safely and separately. Additionally, most Nostr clients and signer applications do not support using an ncryptsec, so you will need to convert it back to a standard nsec (or copy the nsec from Amber) to use those apps.

The QR option using an ncryptsec is actually quite useful, though, and I would go this route when trying to set up Amber on additional devices, since anyone possibly getting a picture of the QR code is still not going to be able to do anything with it, unless they also get the password you used to encrypt it.

All of the above options will require you to enter the PIN you set up for your device, or biometric authentication, just as an additional precaution before displaying your private key to you.

As for what "store it in a safe place" looks like, I highly recommend a self-hosted password manager, such as Vaultwarden+Bitwarden or KeePass. If you really want to get wild, you can store it on a hardware signing device, or on a steel seed plate.

Additional Settings

Amber has some additional settings you may want to take advantage of. First off, if you don't want just anyone who has access to your phone to be able to approve signing requests, you can go into the Security settings add a PIN or enable biometrics for signing requests. If you enable the PIN, it will be separate from the PIN you use to access your phone, so you can let someone else use your phone, like your child who is always begging to play a mobile game you have installed, without worrying that they might have access to your Nostr key to post on Amethyst.

Amber also has some relay settings. First are the "Active relays" which are used for signing requests sent to Amber remotely from Nostr web apps. This is what enables you to use Amber on your phone to log into Nostr applications on your desktop web browser, such as Jumble.social, Coracle.social, or Nostrudel.ninja, eliminating your need to use any other application to store your nsec whatsoever. You can leave this relay as the default, or you can add other relays you want to use for signing requests. Just be aware, not all relays will accept the notes that are used for Nostr signing requests, so make sure that the relay you want to use does so. In fact, Amber will make sure of this for you when you type in the relay address.

The next type of relays that you can configure in Amber are the "Default profile relays." These are used for reading your profile information. If you already had a Nostr identity that you imported to Amber, you probably noticed it loaded your profile picture and display name, setting the latter as your nickname in Amber. These relays are where Amber got that information from. The defaults are relay.nostr.band and purplepag.es. The reason for this is because they are aggregators that look for Nostr profiles that have been saved to other relays on the network and pull them in. Therefore, no matter what other relay you may save your profile to, Amber will likely be able to find it on one of those two relays as well. If you have a relay you know you will be saving your Nostr profiles to, you may want to add it to this list.

You can also set up Amber to be paired with Orbot for signing over Tor using relays that are only accessible via the Tor network. That is an advanced feature, though, and well beyond the scope of this tutorial.

Finally, you can update the default signing policy. Maybe after using Amber for a while, you've decided that the choice you made before was too strict or too lenient. You can change it to suit your needs.

Zapstore Login

Now that you are all set up with Amber, let's get you signed into your first Nostr app by going back to the Zapstore.

From the app's home screen, tap on the user icon in the upper left of the screen. This will open a side panel with not much on it except the option to "sign in." Go ahead and tap on it.

You will be presented with the option to either sign in with Amber, or to paste your npub. However, if you do the latter, you will only have read access, meaning you cannot zap any of the app releases. There are other features planned for the Zapstore that may also require you to be signed in with write access, so go ahead and choose to log in with Amber.

Your phone should automatically switch to Amber to approve the sign-in request.

You can choose to only approve basic actions for Zapstore, require it to manually approve every time, or you can tell it that you "fully trust this application." Only choose the latter option with apps you have used for a while and they have never asked you to sign for anything suspicious. For the time being, I suggest you use the "Approve basic actions" option and tap "Grant Permissions."

Your phone will switch back to the Zapstore and will show that you are now signed in. Congratulations! From here on out, logging into most Nostr applications will be as easy as tapping on "Log in with Amber" and approving the request.

If you set up a new profile, it will just show a truncated version of your npub rather than the nickname you set up earlier. That's fine. You'll have an opportunity to update your Nostr profile in the next tutorial in this series and ensure that it is spread far and wide in the network, so the Zapstore will easily find it.

That concludes the tutorial for Amber. While we have not covered using Amber to log into Nostr web apps, that is outside the scope of this series, and I will cover it in an upcoming tutorial regarding using Amber's remote signer options in detail.

Since you're already hanging out in the Zapstore, you may as well stick around, because we will be using it right out the gate in the next part of this series: Amethyst Installation and Setup. (Coming Soon)

@ c4f5e7a7:8856cac7

I've managed to amass three SN profiles.

Is there a way to combined these?

@k00b @ek

https://stacker.news/items/995836

@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43

Star Wars is often viewed as a myth of rebellion, freedom, and resistance to tyranny. The iconography—scrappy rebels, totalitarian stormtroopers, lone smugglers—suggests a deep anti-authoritarian ethos. Yet, beneath the surface, the narrative arc of Star Wars consistently affirms the necessity, even sanctity, of central authority. This blog entry introduces the question: Is Star Wars fundamentally a celebration of statism?

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Rebellion as Restoration, Not Revolution

The Rebel Alliance’s mission is not to dismantle centralized power, but to restore the Galactic Republic—a bureaucratic, centrally governed institution. Characters like Mon Mothma and Bail Organa are high-ranking senators, not populist revolutionaries. The goal is to remove the corrupt Empire and reinstall a previous central authority, presumed to be just.

• Rebels are loyalists to a prior state structure.
• Power is not questioned, only who wields it.

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Jedi as Centralized Moral Elites

The Jedi, often idealized as protectors of peace, are unelected, extra-legal enforcers of moral and military order. Their authority stems from esoteric metaphysical abilities rather than democratic legitimacy.

• They answer only to their internal Council.
• They are deployed by the Senate, but act independently of civil law.
• Their collapse is depicted as tragic not because they were unaccountable, but because they were betrayed.

This positions them as a theocratic elite, not spiritual anarchists.

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Chaos and the Frontier: The Case of the Cantina

The Mos Eisley cantina, often viewed as a symbol of frontier freedom, reveals something darker. It is: - Lawless - Violent - Culturally fragmented

Conflict resolution occurs through murder, not mediation. Obi-Wan slices off a limb; Han shoots first—both without legal consequence. There is no evidence of property rights, dispute resolution, or voluntary order.

This is not libertarian pluralism—it’s moral entropy. The message: without centralized governance, barbarism reigns.

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The Mythic Arc: Restoration of the Just State

Every trilogy in the saga returns to a single theme: the fall and redemption of legitimate authority.

1. Prequels: Republic collapses into tyranny.
2. Originals: Rebels fight to restore legitimate order.
3. Sequels: Weak governance leads to resurgence of authoritarianism; heroes must reestablish moral centralism.

The story is not anti-state—it’s anti-bad state. The solution is never decentralization; it’s the return of the right ruler or order.

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Conclusion: The Hidden Statism of a Rebel Myth

Star Wars wears the costume of rebellion, but tells the story of centralized salvation. It: - Validates elite moral authority (Jedi) - Romanticizes restoration of fallen governments (Republic) - Portrays decentralized zones as corrupt and savage (outer rim worlds)

It is not an anarchist parable, nor a libertarian fable. It is a statist mythology, clothed in the spectacle of rebellion. Its core message is not that power should be abolished, but that power belongs to the virtuous few.

---

Question to Consider:
If the Star Wars universe consistently affirms the need for centralized moral and political authority, should we continue to see it as a myth of freedom? Or is it time to recognize it as a narrative of benevolent empire?

@ e2423af0:f5a64d3e

O universo dos jogos online cresce a cada dia no Brasil, e a plataforma Win97 surge como uma das grandes protagonistas desse cenário. Com uma interface moderna, jogos emocionantes e uma experiência voltada para o conforto e a diversão do usuário, o Win97 se destaca por oferecer um ambiente confiável, seguro e repleto de oportunidades para quem busca entretenimento de qualidade. Neste artigo, vamos apresentar a plataforma, explorar seus principais jogos e mostrar por que ela tem ganhado a preferência dos jogadores brasileiros.

Introdução à plataforma Win97 Desde seu lançamento, o win97tem investido fortemente em tecnologia e inovação para garantir aos usuários uma experiência completa. Seu site é responsivo, compatível com computadores, tablets e smartphones, permitindo que o jogador acesse seus jogos favoritos a qualquer hora e de qualquer lugar.

A segurança também é um dos pilares da plataforma. O Win97 utiliza criptografia de ponta e sistemas de verificação para garantir a proteção dos dados dos jogadores, além de um suporte ao cliente eficiente e sempre disponível. Isso faz com que os usuários se sintam tranquilos ao explorar as opções disponíveis.

Outro diferencial da plataforma é a facilidade de cadastro e de navegação. Com poucos cliques, o jogador cria sua conta, realiza seu primeiro depósito e já pode começar a explorar o catálogo de jogos. O site também oferece promoções frequentes, bônus de boas-vindas e programas de fidelidade que valorizam a participação contínua dos jogadores.

Variedade de jogos para todos os gostos Um dos grandes atrativos do Win97 é a variedade de jogos disponíveis. A plataforma conta com centenas de títulos das principais desenvolvedoras do mercado, com gráficos envolventes e funcionalidades modernas.

Entre os jogos mais populares, estão as slots online, que combinam visuais vibrantes, temas variados e chances reais de vitória. Existem opções para todos os perfis: desde as clássicas com três rolos até versões mais modernas com múltiplas linhas de pagamento e rodadas bônus.

Para quem prefere jogos que envolvem mais estratégia, o Win97 oferece também mesas de pôquer, bacará e roleta em versões automáticas e ao vivo, proporcionando ao jogador uma sensação imersiva com transmissão em tempo real e interação com outros participantes.

Além disso, há uma seção de jogos instantâneos, ideais para quem busca partidas rápidas e dinâmicas, com resultados quase imediatos e uma boa dose de adrenalina.

Experiência do jogador: diversão e praticidade em um só lugar A opinião dos jogadores é unânime: o Win97 oferece uma experiência de alto nível. Usuários destacam a fluidez da plataforma, a velocidade dos saques e depósitos, além da qualidade gráfica dos jogos. O atendimento ao cliente, disponível em português e com suporte via chat e e-mail, também é elogiado por sua rapidez e eficiência.

Outro ponto positivo é a personalização da experiência. O site adapta sugestões de jogos com base no perfil de cada usuário, tornando a navegação mais intuitiva e interessante. Há ainda a possibilidade de definir limites de jogo, reforçando o compromisso da plataforma com o jogo responsável.

Conclusão O Win97 chegou ao mercado brasileiro com a proposta de oferecer muito mais do que uma simples plataforma de jogos: ele entrega uma experiência completa de entretenimento digital. Com segurança, variedade de opções, suporte dedicado e constantes inovações, o Win97 conquista novos usuários a cada dia.

Se você está em busca de um ambiente confiável, divertido e com ótimas oportunidades, vale a pena conhecer tudo o que o Win97 tem a oferecer. Prepare-se para explorar um mundo de possibilidades e elevar sua experiência com jogos online a um novo nível.

@ e8646d56:72dab368

eee

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

Autor: Mathias Bröckers. Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben und erschien zuerst auf dem Blog des Autors. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier.**

Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie in unserem Telegram-Kanal.

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Die neuesten Artikel der Friedenstaube gibt es jetzt auch im eigenen Friedenstaube-Telegram-Kanal.

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Vor elf Jahren, als der Krieg in der Ukraine begonnen hatte und die Putsch-Regierung in Kiew militärisch gegen die “Separatisten” genannten Bürger der östlichen Regionen vorging, die das illegal an die Macht gelangte Regime nicht akzeptieren wollten, schrieb ich unter dem Titel “Barbarossa 2.0”, dass “wir” – im Westen – noch immer “Die Wohlgesinnten” sind – und empfahl das Buch von Jonathan Littell  als “besten Tatsachen-Roman über 'Barbarossa 1' und die Folgen”:

"Dass dies alles NICHT im Interesse Europas und Deutschland sein kann, hatten wir hier schon mehrfach aufgezeigt – und wenn es noch eines Beweises bedurft hätte, wer hier die Strippen zieht: der Sohn des US-Vizepräsidenten und der beste Kumpel von Außenminister John “Skull & Bones” Kerry steigen in den Vorstand des größten privaten ukrainischen Gasunternehmens ein – zuständig für “Expansion”. Schon im Januar war der größte Agrarkonzern der USA , Cargill, mit 200 Mio. beim größten Landwirtschaftsbetrieb der Ukraine eingestiegen. Vermittelt von einem Spezi der US-Diplomatin Victoria “F*ck EU” Nuland und ihres Mannes, Robert Kagan, seines Zeichens Mitgründer des Neocon-Thinktanks “PNAC” (“Project For A New American Century”) ; jenem Club von Cheney, Rumsfeld und Co. der sich 1999 “ein neues Pearl Harbour” wünschte, um weitere militärische Eroberungen durchzuziehen.

Nazi-Deutschlands “Unternehmen Barbarossa” – der 1940 geschmiedete geheime Plan, Russland zu überfallen und blitzkriegartig zu besiegen – endete bekanntlich in einer Tragödie und mit 20 Millionen toten Russen und Ukrainern. Vor 70 Jahren, am 11. Mai 1944, vertrieb die Rote Armee die letzten Faschisten von der Halbinsel Krim. Dass Russland sie jetzt wieder, völkerrechtlich fragwürdig, annektierte – nachdem der alte Schlawiner Nikita Chrustschow die Krim 1954 seiner alten politischen Heimat Ukraine, völkerrechtlich fragwürdig, einfach geschenkt hatte – um sie vor dem aus Kiew herannahenden “Rechten Sektor” zu schützen entbehrt insofern nicht einer gewissen Konsequenz. Denn auch wenn diese echten Faschisten nur einen Teil der amtierenden Putsch-Regierung ausmachen und Jateznjuk “nur ” eine zivile CIA-Marionette ist – was da unter dem “Stars & Stripes”-und EU-Banner läuft kann man durchaus als “Barbarossa 2.0” sehen: ein bisschen mehr “Soft Power”, ein bisschen weniger Rassismus und Nazi-Brutalität (wobei: Maidan-Scharfschützen, Odessa, Mariupol… schon sehr heftig), und reichlich mehr Propaganda, dass wir doch die “Guten” sind."

Die sind wir selbstverständlich immer noch, lassen den Krieg in der Ukraine erst mit dem Einmarsch Russlands 2022 beginnen, statt 2014 mit den Angriffen Kiews auf die eigenen Bürger mit mehr als 10.000 zivilen Opfern – und lassen wie 1943 wieder deutsche  Panzer nach Kursk rollen und hunderttausende ukrainische Söldner gegen eine haushoch überlegene Supermacht kämpfen und sterben. Immer noch wohlgesinnt und nunmehr in einer “Koalition der Willigen”, die zwar keinen Krieg führen kann, aber in der Lage ist, mit dem Feuer zu spielen. Wie am Wochenende mit den Drohnenangriffen auf russische Militärflughäfen, die ohne (Satelliten-)Unterstützung durch US-und UK-Dienste nicht möglich war – auch wenn aus Kiew anderes behauptet wird und Donald Trump bekundet, nichts davon gewusst zu haben.

Wenn dem so wäre und ihn seine Dienste über den lange vorbereiteten Coup im Dunkeln gelassen haben, wäre er genauso wie die Wandermumie “Sleepy Joe” nur eine Marionette – diesmal  mit Sprechfunktion; wenn er aber eingeweiht war, macht es die Sache nicht besser, denn es war ein Angriff auf die strategische Nuklearverteidigung Russlands. Auf Standorte, die im Rahmen der SALT/START/NewSTART-Abkommen zur Nuklearbegrenzung zwischen USA und Russland offengelegt und kontrollierbar sind – als gegenseitige vertrauensbildende Maßnahme.

Dass dieses Vertrauen schwer erschüttert wurde, ist für Lawrence Wilkernson,  Stabsschef des ehemaligen US-Außenministers Colin  Powell (hier im Gespräch ) die weitaus gefährlichste Konsequenz dieser Attacke, die an der militärischen Niederlage in der Ukraine zwar nichts ändern wird, aber die Spirale nuklearer Eskalation dramatisch in Richtung Armageddon verschiebt. Unter “Alarmstufe Rot” (DEFCON 1) bei beiden Nuklearmächten können  kleinste Fehler zu einer gigantischen Katastrophe führen – nach der die überlebenden “Wohlgesinnten”, die auch im  3. Weltkrieg “willig” mitgemacht haben, den 4. Weltkrieg dann – nach Albert Einsteins Diktum -“wieder mit Knüppeln und Steinen”(Real Game of Thrones, 15.11.2018) führen werden.

Selbst wenn bei der “Operation Spiderweb” tatsächlich ein Drittel der russischen Nuklearflotte getroffen worden wäre, wie die westlichen Medien behaupten – und nicht nur ein halbes Dutzend von über 90 einsatzfähigen Bombern – wiegt der materielle Schaden weit weniger als der psychologische, durch einen selbst in der heißesten Phase des Kalten Kriegs nie dagewesenen Vertrauensbruch. Wie vor einem Jahr, als pünktlich zu geplanten “Verhandlungen” in der Schweiz russische Radaranlagen attackiert wurden, sind auch jetzt wieder wichtige Elemente der nuklearen Verteidigung angegriffen worden, pünktlich bevor in Istanbul wieder “Friedensgepräche” stattfinden sollten, die denn auch bis auf einen Gefangenenaustausch ergebnislos blieben, Kein Zufall und ganz im Sinne der “Willigen” in Europa, die ihre kriegsmüden Bürger mit triumphalen Frontmeldungen kampfbereit und zahlungswillig machen wollen und darauf zu hoffen scheinen, dass sie nach einem Gegenschlag Russlands auf ein EU-Land “Artikel 5” ausrufen und endlich ungeniert statt verdeckt  mit ganz NATOstan “legal” angreifen können. Den Gefallen wird Wladimir Putin ihnen aber wohl nicht tun, wie Pepe Escobar, – derzeit in Moskau – berichtet:

“Es steht jedoch außer Frage, dass die – unvermeidliche – Antwort eine maximale Strategie erfordern wird. Wenn die Antwort im Einklang mit Russlands eigener aktualisierter Nukleardoktrin steht (d.h. ein nuklearer Gegenschlag wäre) , riskiert Moskau, die fast einhellige Unterstützung des Globalen Südens zu verlieren. Ist die Reaktion lauwarm, wird es zu massiven innenpolitischen Rückschlägen kommen. Die Forderung „Lasst die Oreschniks frei“ findet nahezu einhellige Zustimmung. Die russische Öffentlichkeit hat es langsam satt, immer wieder das Ziel von Terroranschlägen zu sein. Die Stunde der schicksalhaften Entscheidung wird immer später. Das bringt uns zum ultimativen Dilemma. Die russischen Machthaber überlegen, wie sie die kollektive Kriegstreiberei des Westens besiegen können, ohne den Dritten Weltkrieg auszulösen.”

\ Anders als Lockheed in den USA, wo man über hyperschnelle Raketen nur im Modellbild (siehe oben) verfügt, sind sie in Russland mittlerweile kriegserprobt und von herkömmlichen Luftabwehrsystemen nicht abzufangen; die im November  2024 auf eine große Rüstungsfabrik in Dnieper eingeschlagenen 12 Orschenik -Sprengkörper zerstörten das Gelände bis mehrere Stockwerke unter der Erde. \ In den “Entscheidungszentren” und Bunkern in Kiew sollte sich deshalb ab sofort niemand mehr sicher fühlen. Oder gar auf NATOstan-Führer Rutte hören, der neuerdings den Führer Adolf anno `39 gibt:

https://x.com/BowesChay/status/1930254305509920876

\ “We are more powerful than the Roman Empire, the Napoleonic Empire, we are the most powerful in world history”. Da diese mächtigste Armee der Weltgeschichte zuletzt bekanntlich von einer Sandalentruppe aus Afghanistan verjagt wurde und sich zuvor nur dadurch auszeichnete, wehrlose Länder zu bombardieren und ins Chaos zu stürzen, markieren Aussagen wie diese eine realitätsfremde Hybris, die nur als pathologisch bezeichnet werden kann. Doch statt sofort zwei Pfleger im weißen Kittel zu schicken, die den mental angeschlagenen NATOstan-Häuptling in eine beschützende Werkstatt transpedieren, gewährt man dem gefährlichen Irren und seinen Phantasmagorien weiter Öffentlichkeit und Reichweite.

Als ob Größenwahn nicht auch mit sanfter Gesprächstherapie und Beruhigungsmitteln kuriert werden könnte, soll offenbar der Beweis angetreten werden, dass gegen den schweren Dachschaden der wahnsinnig wohlgesinnten, willigen europäischen Elite tatsächlich nur noch  “controlled demolition” hilft, die Abrissbirne Oreschnik.

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Mathias Bröckers, Jahrgang 1954, ist Autor und freier Journalist. Er gehörte zur Gründergeneration der taz, war dort bis 1991 Kultur- und Wissenschaftsredakteur und veröffentlichte seit 1980 rund 600 Beiträge für verschiedene Tageszeitungen, Wochen- und Monatszeitschriften, vor allem in den Bereichen Kultur, Wissenschaft und Politik. Neben seiner weiteren Tätigkeit als Rundfunkautor veröffentlichte Mathias Bröckers zahlreiche Bücher. Besonders bekannt wurden seine internationalen Bestseller „Die Wiederentdeckung der Nutzpflanze Hanf“ (1993), „Verschwörungen, Verschwörungstheorien und die Geheimnisse des 11.9.“ (2002) und „Wir sind immer die Guten – Ansichten eines Putinverstehers“ (2016, mit Paul Schreyer) sowie "Mythos 9/11 - Die Bilanz eines Jahrhundertverbrechens" (2021). Mathias Bröckers lebt in Berlin und Zürich und bloggt auf broeckers.com.

Sein aktuelles Buch "Inspiration, Konspiration, Evolution – Gesammelte Essays und Berichte aus dem Überall" – hier im Handel.

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Sie sind noch nicht auf Nostr and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil! Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf Start. Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im Pareto-Wiki.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

BTCPay Server: The Backbone of Bitcoin Commerce, 2025

The genesis story of BTCPay Server is without a doubt one of the most iconic moments in Bitcoin history. A single developer, feeling betrayed by Bitpay, a bitcoin payments processing giant and its attempt at co-opting Bitcoin, declared economic war on the company in a tweet that will never be forgotten by the Bitcoin industry; “This is lies, my trust in you is broken, I will make you obsolete.”

Nicolas Dorier went on to create one of the most widely distributed open source projects in the Bitcoin industry and perhaps the invoicing and payments industry as a whole: BTCPay Server. Much has been written about the context and motivation behind Dorier’s founding of the project — there’s even a documentary about it. 

What’s seldom highlighted is how ambitious a project BTCPay Server is, how feature-rich it has become and how deeply integrated it is with the industry. In fact, it is easy to forget that as an open source project with no centralized database of users, BTCPay Server is both a massive privacy upgrade for its users and represents the removal of a fundamental middleman processing payments. As a result, Dorier and the BTCPay Server community have created a public goods infrastructure — a kind of commons of payment processing — that provides users real value by saving them fees, and providing them a much smoother user experience given that no personal information is required for the payments to flow.

Humbly described on their website as “a self-hosted, open-source cryptocurrency payment processor,” BTCPay Server is an invoicing and accounting system for merchants, a fully featured Bitcoin wallet with full node capabilities; on-chain, Lightning Network and Liquid Network support; hardware wallet support; and a modular plugin system. The plugins in particular extend the core of BTCPay Server into a wide range of niches. They also integrate into e-commerce giants such as WooCommerce and Shopify. 

It is somewhat difficult to gauge the success and scope of BTCPay Server. Because it is a self-hosted platform that does not capture customer data of any kind — it has no central cloud service as other payment processors do — our view into its success is somewhat limited. 

However, we can get a sense of their reach by proxy of other metrics, for example, their primary software repository has had over 170 open source contributors, with 8,393 commits at the time of writing. 

As of 2025, BTCPay Server has had one million downloads directly from its GitHub repository, which does not account for cloud providers of the software as hosted by companies like Voltage or Lunanode. It is also often the case that one instance of BTCPay Server serves multiple merchants and hosts multiple stores simultaneously. 

R0ckstardev, one of the top contributors to the project, told Bitcoin Magazine that there could be hundreds of thousands of instances of BTCPay Server running throughout the world. Tobe Chileta, a contributor to the project, also told Bitcoin Magazine that “of the seven continents of the world, I think it is only Antarctica that I haven’t seen someone run BTCPay server.” He added, “I’m certain we have merchants running in Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe and Australia.”

Companies

BTCPay Server’s website business directory, while far from exhaustive, covers hundreds of merchants onboarded. The BTCPay Server community also does regular case studies of user cohorts or major merchants that use the software, documenting their integration and story in their case studies page. It gives fantastic insights into a variety of Bitcoin communities throughout the world and includes useful guides on how to replicate various results and implementations.

Namecheap, for example, boasted over 70 million dollars’ of bitcoin volume since their integration of BTCPay Server. From May 18, 2020, to October 2024 they clocked in 1.1m transactions in total with over 500,000 users paying in bitcoin, resulting in over $73 million in revenue through payments made from over 200 countries. 

BTC Inc, the parent company of the biggest Bitcoin conference in the world, has for years been setting up BTCPay Server for its merchants, and even has a one-hour behind-the-scenes documentary on the complexities of setting up dozens of merchants at a conference (filmed during the Nashville 2024 Bitcoin conference). The event saw over 25,000 attendees, including the 47th president of the U.S., Donald J. Trump.

In this most recent Bitcoin 2025 conference in Las Vegas, BTCPay Server was used to process a new world record of Bitcoin transactions within an eight-hour period, with 4,187 transactions in total. The initial target was 4,000 transactions and was set by the Guinness World Records organization. 

Integrations and Plugins

One of the most important dimensions of BTCPay Server is its plugin system. Given the wide variety of ways companies can interact with Bitcoin, the developer community has optimized the BTCPay Server code toward a plugin model that developers can build for with a well-documented set of GitHub repos and an API. Today there are over 30 plugins available on BTCPay Server. Here are some of the greatest hits:

Boltz Swap Exchange Plugin

Boltz is an atomic swap exchange focused on the various Bitcoin layers such as Liquid, Lightning, Rootstock and of course Bitcoin on-chain. It has gained prominence of late as a very simple solution to the channel rebalancing challenges Lightning wallets face. R0ckstardev told Bitcoin Magazine that he is particularly impressed with the Boltz integration, and even tweeted as much earlier this year. 

I've recently been going through the code of @Boltzhq plugin for @BtcpayServer, what jackstar12 & @kilrau have done there is an absolutely l33t engineering.

It's a literal crime against humanity that what they've done was not featured more in Bitcoin media.

— Uncle Rockstar Developer (@r0ckstardev) April 24, 2025

Branded as a noncustodial Bitcoin Bridge, Boltz allows users to swap between different Bitcoin layers while retaining maximum control of their funds, using atomic swap technology that eliminates third-party trust across crypto-native payments. For example, you can use Boltz via BTCPay Server to make a Lightning payment, where the sats are initially held at rest in a Liquid network wallet and are pulled from that balance by the Boltz plugin. The L-BTC is atomically swapped for sats on the Lightning Network via the Boltz exchange and the satoshis flow to the end recipient. This whole process is effectively noncustodial.

This is the same type of “lightning service provider” style infrastructure with which Breez wallet recently announced integration. While it is not quite as cheap as a user-operated Lightning node can be in the best of cases, it is far easier to set up and run — only demanding a few clicks on the BTCPay Server interface. As far as BTCPay Server is concerned, this Boltz plugin represents a full Lightning node, integrating natively with the invoicing and accounting layers. 

This tech also scales quite well: One BTCPay Server admin can support many different merchants and not even have to run or manage a standard Lightning node, since the plugin supports automated liquidity management. 

The Bolt Cards Plugin

The Bolt card, a company and product created by the Coincenter exchange, has come into prominence recently thanks to its unique graphics and the laser-eyes that light up on tap-to-pay. They, too, have a BTCPay Server plugin that lets users manage and connect these cool NFC cards to their wallets via the plugin.

BITCOIN IS MONEY.

AND AT @THEBITCOINCONF WE WILL PAY IN STYLE, WITH @JACK LASER-EYES BOLT CARDS.

ONLY 1,000 AVAILABLE, GET YOURS ON MAY 28TH. [pic.twitter.com/fDrZW5TGCv](https:

@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43

I. Introduction: Money as a Function of Efficiency and Preference

Money is not defined by law, but by power over productivity. In any open economy, the most economically efficient actors—those who control the most valuable goods, services, and knowledge—ultimately dictate the medium of exchange. Their preferences signal to the broader market what form of money is required to access the highest-value goods, from durable commodities to intangibles like intellectual property and skilled labor.

Whatever money these actors prefer becomes the de facto unit of account and store of value, regardless of its legal status. This emergent behavior is natural and reflects a hierarchy of monetary utility.

II. Classical Gresham’s Law: A Product of Market Distortion

Gresham’s Law, famously stated as:

"Bad money drives out good"

is only valid under coercive monetary conditions, specifically: - Legal tender laws that force the acceptance of inferior money at par with superior money. - Fixed exchange rates imposed by decree, not market valuation. - Governments or central banks backing elastic fiduciary media with promises of redemption. - Institutional structures that mandate debt and tax payments in the favored currency.

Under these conditions, superior money (hard money) is hoarded, while inferior money (soft, elastic, inflationary) circulates. This is not an expression of free market behavior—it is the result of suppressed price discovery and legal coercion.

Gresham’s Law, therefore, is not a natural law of money, but a law of distortion under forced parity and artificial elasticity.

III. The Collapse of Coercion: Inversion of Gresham’s Law

When coercive structures weaken or are bypassed—through technological exit, jurisdictional arbitrage, monetary breakdown, or political disintegration—Gresham’s Law inverts:

Good money drives out bad.

This occurs because: - Market actors regain the freedom to select money based on utility, scarcity, and credibility. - Legal parity collapses, exposing the true economic hierarchy of monetary forms. - Trustless systems (e.g., Bitcoin) or superior digital instruments (e.g., stablecoins) offer better settlement, security, and durability. - Elastic fiduciary media become undesirable as counterparty risk and inflation rise.

The inversion marks a return to monetary natural selection—not a breakdown of Gresham’s Law, but the collapse of its preconditions.

IV. Elasticity and Control

Elastic fiduciary media (like fiat currency) are not intrinsically evil. They are tools of state finance and debt management, enabling rapid expansion of credit and liquidity. However, when their issuance is unconstrained, and legal tender laws force their use, they become weapons of economic coercion.

Banks issue credit unconstrained by real savings, and governments enforce the use of inflated media through taxation and courts. This distorts capital allocation, devalues productive labor, and ultimately hollows out monetary confidence.

V. Monetary Reversion: The Return of Hard Money

When the coercion ends—whether gradually or suddenly—the monetary system reverts. The preferences of the productive and wealthy reassert themselves:

• Superior money is not just saved—it begins to circulate.
• Weaker currencies are rejected not just for savings, but for daily exchange.
• The hoarded form becomes the traded form, and Gresham’s Law inverts completely.

Bitcoin, gold, and even highly credible stable instruments begin to function as true money, not just stores of value. The natural monetary order returns, and the State becomes a late participant, not the originator of monetary reality.

VI. Conclusion

Gresham’s Law operates only under distortion. Its inversion is not an anomaly—it is a signal of the collapse of coercion. The monetary system then reorganizes around productive preference, technological efficiency, and economic sovereignty.

The most efficient market will always dictate the form of hard money. The State can delay this reckoning through legal force, but it cannot prevent it indefinitely. Once free choice returns, bad money dies, and good money lives again.

@ 527337d5:93e9525e

The Algorithmic Pursuit of Connection: A Five-Book Journey into the Self

As a researcher, hitting my thirties and the winding down of a significant project prompted a crucial re-evaluation of life's latter half. While I'd successfully applied probabilistic control theory to one-on-one interactions, the complexities of group dynamics remained a persistent challenge. My recent dive into five diverse books on human relationships inadvertently became a profound journey of self-discovery, fundamentally reshaping my perspective on social connections.

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Neil Strauss: A Mirror Reflecting the Self's Evolution

Neil Strauss's The Truth resonated deepest among my recent reads. The author's battle with sex addiction uncomfortably mirrored my own past struggles: the fragile self-esteem stemming from rejection, the hubris born of early successes, and the tendency to view women as mere objects of manipulation. It felt eerily prescient, a glimpse into a potential future.

Yet, I found myself arriving at Strauss's ultimate conclusion – the paramount importance of self-preparation and community – far sooner than he did. This acceleration wasn't accidental; it was the result of intense focus on individual experiences, meticulously replayed and analyzed in my mind. The book, therefore, served less as a revelation and more as a powerful validation of my own journey of introspection and root-cause analysis.

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Quantifying Connection: The Promise and Limits of Mathematical Models

Hannah Fry's The Mathematics of Love offered a kindred spirit in its attempt to quantify human relationships. While I appreciate the mathematical lens, Fry's models primarily concern dyadic relationships (N=2), relying on relatively simple systems of two-variable ordinary differential equations. For me, these are akin to linear models, sufficient only up to a certain point. Beyond N=4, the dependencies become exponentially complex.

My own pursuit extends to understanding and optimizing group dynamics within complex systems. This involves multi-variable problems (N $\ge$ 3) and the application of network theory, a far more sophisticated approach. Human collectives, after all, are systems of nodes and edges, where information propagates in predictable ways. My focus is on deriving optimal behavioral controls within these intricate frameworks.

Conversely, Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus initially struck me as bordering on conspiracy theory. However, its latter half proved unexpectedly useful. Its clear enumeration of male and female desires, and its articulation of common points of conflict, presented a practical template for communication styles. In a systemic view, this serves as a rudimentary, yet functional, interface design for complex social interactions.

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A Dispassionate Critique of Relationship Dogma

My drive for efficiency and systematic understanding led to a rather blunt assessment of certain relationship classics. The New Science of Adult Attachment felt disorganized and frustratingly anecdotal. Lacking a coherent theoretical framework, it burdened the reader with deciphering meaning from a jumble of examples. Its inefficiency was, frankly, its most irksome flaw.

Similarly, Dale Carnegie's How to Win Friends and Influence People struck me as closer to pseudoscience than social science. Its plethora of specific anecdotes obscured any underlying principle. Given my deep engagement with social engineering – a discipline that systematically and practically analyzes human interaction – Carnegie's work appeared largely irrelevant and inefficient. From my perspective, which views humans as objective systems to be analyzed with mathematical rigor, such unstructured approaches hold little value.

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The Unveiling of a Core Principle: Humans as Systems

This intensive reading period solidified my most crucial insight: humans, at their core, are systems. This understanding allows for a dispassionate, methodical approach to human collectives, mitigating unnecessary emotional friction.

This revelation has sharply refined my future learning trajectory. I'm now prioritizing foundational theories like graph theory and network theory over anecdotal accounts of human behavior. By mastering these theoretical underpinnings, I aim to precisely model complex human interactions as systems of nodes and edges, enabling the derivation of optimal behavioral controls within communities.

My choice of the term "target for capture" for individuals stems from a personal aversion to perceived equality in certain human interactions, a mechanism to avoid cognitive dissonance. This rational approach, I believe, is key to cultivating secure attachment styles – relationships demonstrably sustainable in the long term. My philosophy is to strategically approach the initial engagement, then transition to a stable, enduring connection. It's a calculated, dispassionate method for achieving desired relational outcomes.

Ultimately, this period of reading wasn't just about acquiring knowledge; it was a profound journey of self-discovery, clarifying my personal frameworks for navigating life's complexities and forging meaningful, yet strategically managed, connections.

@ 0b884d0d:9abbd54a

Conceitos chaves

Neste artigo você vai entender um pouco dos conceitos chave desse novo conjunto de ferramentas para aplicar justiça de forma descentralizada e anárquica.

Antes de continuar a leitura, quero elucidar alguns termos que serão constantemente usados neste artigo.

• Private Law Society (PLS)
• Uma organização sem fins lucrativos com o objetivo de criar novas soluções para tornar cada vez mais viável a aplicabilidade de uma justiça privada e descentralizada
• Ao mesmo tempo, um conjunto de protocolos e softwares de código aberto com o mesmo propósito
• Links úteis
  • Perfil Nostr: nostr:npub1p79dx59d5gctllar73cqnucqft89gpkfmydxj4mmk2jj69s7hn3sfjatxx
  • GitHub: https://github.com/PrivateLawSociety
  • Sobre: https://privatelawsociety.net
• Bitcoin Justice Protocol (BJP)
• Um protocolo estabelecido pela Private Law Society
• Também um software de código aberto disponível no GitHub da Private Law Society
• Links úteis
  • GitHub: https://github.com/PrivateLawSociety/pls-bjp
  • Sobre: https://privatelawsociety.net/bjp
  • Implementação oficial da PLS: https://pls-bjp.vercel.app/
• Web Of Trust (WoT)
• Uma base de dados com avaliações entre usuários Nostr relatando confiança/desconfiança e se um usuário teve relações comerciais ou não com outro
• O objetivo é ser um repositório de reputação para chaves Nostr
• Links úteis
  • GitHub: https://github.com/PrivateLawSociety/pls-wot
  • Sobre: https://privatelawsociety.net/wot
  • Implementação oficial da PLS: https://pls-wot.vercel.app/
  • Meu fork com o grafo: https://pls-wot-kiuusai.vercel.app/

Prefácio

Recentemente saiu um episódio no BetterMoney podcast sobre o projeto de justiça privada Private Law Society.

Muitos bons pontos foram levantados neste excelente episódio pelos participantes nostr:npub12mllp29adf2fw0eeahmseczcu3y4625qyn3v4uwfvkpzlshnmj3qs903ju e nostr:npub1wsl3695cnz7skvmcfqx980fmrv5ms3tcfyfg52sttvujgxk3r4lqajteft. Mas neste entorno permanecem ainda muitas dúvidas sobre o projeto em si, seu funcionamento, princípios, objetivos e funcionalidades.

Venho através deste artigo, apresentar resumidamente o projeto, a filosofia por trás do mesmo e dar a minha visão de como este conjunto de protocolos chamado Private Law Society tem a capacidade de não só transformar o mundo como o conhecemos, mas de tornar boa parte do "poder judiciário" obsoleto e irrelevante em vários aspectos, se assim os indivíduos o quiserem.

Mas afinal, o que é essa tal de PLS?

PLS é um acrônimo para Private Law Society (Sociedade de Leis Privadas em uma tradução livre). Além de uma organização sem fins lucrativos e totalmente Open Source, trata-se de um conjunto de softwares disponíveis no GitHub de forma a estruturar um protocolo de justiça privada descentralizado com colateral em Bitcoin. Falei grego para você? Vamos com calma dissecar estes conceitos...

Sociedade de leis privadas, a "utopia" libertária se tornando realidade

Quem é adepto do movimento libertário e/ou estuda o tema, provavelmente já ouviu falar nesse termo. Originalmente cunhado por David Hume, o filósofo e idealista escocẽs. O projeto toma este nome com o intúito, talvez de forma ambiciosa, mas com certeza visionária e audaz, de trazer uma solução prática e simples de estabelecer contratos voluntários entre duas ou mais partes, as quais livremente escolhem os seus "árbitros" ou "juízes" para fazer valer a lei. Como realmente uma justiça paralela a qual o contrato faz lei entre as partes.

Para uma introdução sobre o conceito, indico este vídeo do canal AnCapSu que trata sobre o tema de forma resumida.

Essa ideia, simples a priori esbarra no problema da aplicabilidade da força, ou ao menos era o que se pensava, antes da criação de ferramentas como o Bitcoin e soluções como Taproot e Bitcoin Scripts. Agora, com uma propriedade realmente soberana, programável e incensurável, essa ideia começa a ganhar forma.

Basicamente, uma dúvida plausível para uma pessoa leiga no assunto seria: "Tá, entendi. Esse tal de bitcoin é realmente bom, seguro e o Estado não tem poder de controle sobre ele. Mas como isso pode gerar essa tal de sociedade de leis privadas? É só uma forma de dinheiro."

A resposta para isso é: Dinheiro programável, chaves privadas e reputação!

BJP: contratos colateralizados em Bitcoin

Bitcoin, Nostr e Taproot: a chave para a aplicação da justiça privada

Se você já está minimamente envolvido com o ambiente Bitcoin, Nostr e afins, deve saber o que é um par de chaves públicas e privadas e como isso funciona. Existe uma chave pública e privada, a pública é a forma de identificação no sistema e a privada é a que gera as assinaturas. Daí é possível determinar que quem publicou a mensagem, seja na blockchain do Bitcoin, seja na rede Nostr, é o dono daquela chave pública em específico. Assim, se institui uma forma de identidade digital.

O que muita gente não sabe, ou não dá o devido valor, é que depois do soft fork Taproot da rede Bitcoin (ocorrido em 2021), os antigos Bitcoin Scripts tomaram outra forma e maior capacidade, se tornando mais práticos, leves e funcionais. Isso é o que dá base hoje para "contratos inteligentes" no Bitcoin e toda a parafernalha de Ordinals, Runes e coisas do gênero. O que pra muitos foi uma maldição que encheu a mempool, na verdade também se provou uma bênção, a qual é a base do BJP (Bitcoin Justice Protocol) da Private Law Society. A atualização permitiu com que scripts mais complexos pudessem ser desenvolvidos de forma mais simples, fossem mais leves e tivessem uma melhor privacidade. O BJP se empodera disso, fornecendo uma solução ao mesmo tempo que simples, inovadora para casos de uso de contratos. Primariamente na camada nobre do Bitcoin e posteriormente na Liquid Network, para aqueles que querem poupar em taxas e terem mais privacidade.

Por sua vez, o Nostr funciona também com criptografia de curvas elípticas, assim como nosso querido Bitcoin. Para ser mais preciso, o mesmo algoritmo é usado tanto no Nostr quanto no Bitcoin. O Secp256k1. Na prática isso significa que toda chave Nostr também é uma chave Bitcoin em potencial. O BJP se apropria dessa interconexão para possibilitar a criação de contratos jurídicos.

BJP: uma multisig sofisticada?

Ok, até agora vimos o que torna esse tal de BJP possível, mas como ele funciona e como eu posso usá-lo na prática?

Bem grosseiramente falando, o BJP é um software que facilita a criação de carteiras multisig específicas para contratos jurídicos. Com ele, você constrói uma multisig não convencional com Taproot que assegura o cumprimento do contrato mediante concordância de todas as partes "clientes" do contrato ou do número mínimo de árbitros configurados previamente + um dos clientes.

Na prática, um script Taproot é montado com a seguinte lógica:

``` Clientes = {Lista de chaves públicas dos clientes}

Árbitros = {Lista de chaves públicas dos árbitros}

Quorum = Número mínimo de árbitros para aprovar a transação

Se todos os Clientes concordarem: Libera gasto Senão se 1 dentre todos os Clientes concorda e ao menos o Quorum de Árbitros concorda: Libera gasto Senão Bloqueia gasto ```

Esse algoritmo garante que o contrato seja efetuado e esteja de acordo com a vontade de todas as partes envolvidas, ou, se entrar em "disputa judicial", o número mínimo de árbitros designados para "fazer valer a lei", concorde junto com a parte lesada para onde os fundos devem ir.

Um exemplo prático:

Aqui temos um exemplo prático de aplicabilidade de um contrato feito através do BJP. Nesse caso, tendo a concordar com o nostr:npub1narc0ect9jf0ffnvcwg8kdqlte69yxfcxgxwaq35eygw42t3jqvq4hxv0r e discordar do nostr:npub12mllp29adf2fw0eeahmseczcu3y4625qyn3v4uwfvkpzlshnmj3qs903ju quando o primeiro comenta no recente episódio do BetterMoney Podcast:

19:30 Eu discordo do Júlio. Acho que a PLS seria perfeita pro contrato de aluguel. O locatário coloca o colateral e o proprietário vai ter certeza de que não vai tomar calote.

E se uma das partes tentar levar pra justiça estatal, não vai ter nenhum nome no contrato, apenas chaves públicas.

E está certo. O exemplo prático que acabei de citar reforça isso. Não há nada que impeça também, de no contrato, ter uma cláusula a qual envolver a justiça estatal cause algum prejuízo ou perda de causa imediata para a parte expositora. Não estou fazendo recomendação alguma, fazendo apologia a qualquer prática ou aconselhando usar deste tipo de artifício, se o que falo possa ser interpretado como crime pela lei positivada (não sou advogado). Mas, no campo das ideias e das possibilidades no mundo real, é uma possível solução/alternativa.

Vamos ao exemplo...

Adriano Calango quer alugar um apartamento de Beto Lagartixa. Só que ambos não se conhecem e não confiam suficientemente um no outro para fazer um contrato. Ambos decidem então escrever um documento. Word, Pdf ou um texto puro. Não importa. Lá estão todas as cláusulas, o caução do aluguel, multas estabelecidas para uso indevido, penalidades, dia de pagamento, decisão sobre multa de atraso, enfim, qualquer detalhe desse contrato.

Adriano Calango, escolhe Célsio Jacaré, seu amigo como seu árbitro pessoal. Beto Lagartixa escolhe Danilo Crocodilo, seu amigo, como seu árbitro pessoal. Ambos escolhem Eduardo Cobra, um réptil íntegro, com reputação ilibada e que já fez vários julgamentos, como um árbitro em comum para seu contrato. Daqui temos: dois contratantes, duas testemunhas e um juíz.

Adriano Calango então, acessa o site da PLS BJP para criar o contrato. Configura os clientes (ele e Beto Lagartixa), configura todos os árbitros, anexa o arquivo e cria o contrato na rede Bitcoin.

Um evento Nostr criptografado é criado e um link de compartilhamento do contrato é disponibilizado. Adriano Calango compartilha esse link com todos os usuários disponíveis.

Todos os usuários verificam os detalhes do contrato e se o documento do contrato bate com o contrato assinado. Todas as partes ativamente concordando, a nossa multisig é criada.

Um arquivo do contrato é disponibilizado para acessar a multisig do contrato posteriormente. Todos os usuários salvam esse arquivo e o mantém guardado em um local seguro. O objetivo disso é ter redundância. Se um dos participantes perder este arquivo, outro pode compartilhar o mesmo para possibilitar o acesso à multisig do contrato.

Adriano Calango e Beto Lagartixa depositam os devidos colaterais no contrato. Seja o caução de aluguel ou um montante separado para ser empenhorado. Isso é definido pelo acordo feito previamente.

Se tudo ocorrer bem, assim que Adriano Calango resolver se mudar e Beto Lagartixa não tiver nenhuma objeção quanto a isso, ambos voltam para o contrato previamente feito e concordam quanto aos montantes que cada um receberá de volta. Dividem o preço da taxa entre si e cada um tem sua propriedade de volta.

Digamos que Adriano Calango não cumpriu com parte do contrato, atrasando o pagamento de alguns meses. Por outro lado, Beto Lagartixa também não cumpriu parte de seu acordo, deixando de fornecer serviços prescritos no contrato como segurança de condomínio e um elevador funcional. O caso então é levado aos árbitros. Célsio Jacaré argumenta a favor de Adriano Calango, questionando Beto Lagartixa sobre os serviços não prestados pelo mesmo e que claramente no contrato estavam previstos como parte inclusa no custo do aluguel. Danilo Crocodio retruca sobre a inadimplência de Adriano Calango, defendendo seu amigo/cliente, Beto Lagartixa. Eduardo Cobra, ao ouvir calmamente todos os argumentos de ambos os lados, então decide: - Adriano Calango foi inadimplente por três meses. Portanto terá uma multa de 35% sobre seu patrimônio - Beto Lagartixa terá uma multa de 25% sobre o seu patrimônio, pois não prestou o serviço com a devida qualidade - O restante do patrimônio será devolvido para seus respectivos donos - Dos valores da multa: - 90% será dividido entre cada árbitro. 30% para cada - Os 10% restantes serão queimados em taxas para os mineradores

Note que não foi usado nenhum meio coercitivo para solucionar o caso e penalizar os réus em seus devidos processos. Tudo foi aceito voluntariamente previamente, inclusive da parte dos árbitros. As multas aplicadas são meramente ilustrativas. Em um cenário real, tais penalidades seriam acordadas previamente e na falta das mesmas, todas as partes discutiriam até entrar em um acordo quanto a decisão. É totalmente plausível que, por exemplo, a penalidade fosse queimar todo o valor das multas em taxas para os mineradores, se assim todos aceitassem. O mecanismo de mineração nesse cenário também se torna um possivel meio de aplicação de força em um julgamento.

Só esta parte do ecosistema já faz boa parte dos casos de uso da justiça estatal obsoleta, dando maior descentralização, privacidade e soberania para os indivíduos.

Nesse cenário temos novamente a "utopia" libertária sendo definitivamente aplicada. Não há dedo do Estado no meio, todos os contratos foram previamente acordados entre as partes e não houve violação ao PNA (Princípio da Não Agressão). Todo o processo foi estritamente voluntário desde o começo.

WoT: A digitalização da reputação

Quem vê o projeto a primeira vista, pode pensar:

Ah Calango. Legal essa solução com bitcoin e tal. Mas eu vou sempre precisar gastar meus bitcoins toda vida que fizer um contrato? Tem contratos que isso não vale a pena!

Sim. Isso é verdade. Tanto que foi genialmente um caso citado pelo nostr:npub12mllp29adf2fw0eeahmseczcu3y4625qyn3v4uwfvkpzlshnmj3qs903ju. Há casos que os valores são tão pequenos que não compensa criar todo um documento de contrato para, por exemplo, comprar um livro ou algo do tipo. Ou, algumas vezes, o próprio indivíduo não quer gastar dinheiro ou travar valores para manter esse contrato. Mas não é o único caso de uso. Lembre-se que mesmo com colaterais aplicados, normalmente as pessoas não gostam de entrar em decisões judiciais ou confusões em geral. Idealmente todos querem traçar o caminho feliz da história. Então, mesmo para firmar contratos com colateral em Bitcoin usando o BJP, é plausível que um usuário queira pesquisar o "histórico" de outro usuário na rede para averiguar se é uma boa ideia ou não se envolver com aquele indivíduo em específico.

Naturalmente o ser humano já pratica esse cálculo de reputação e analisa o ambiente a sua volta para entender a hierarquia e reputação dele e de outros indivíduos em um grupo. Somos seres sociais e naturalmente na nossa cabeça já montamos uma espécie de rede de confiança na nossa cabeça com a imagem que formamos de um indivíduo X ou Y com base na nossa comunidade. Hierarquia, lideranças, influência, são características naturais do ser humano.

A partir desse cenário, surgiu a ideia de gerar uma solução para uma melhor visualização da reputação entre usuários do protocolo. O objetivo é ser primariamente um repositório com avaliações de usuários sobre outros usuários, os classificando positivamente ou negativamente e informando se houve ou não negócios/fechamento de contratos com o mesmo. A ideia é realmente simples e o objetivo é deixar o protocolo aberto para as mais diversas formas de interpretação desses dados. Seja com modelos matemáticos, visualização e interpretação pessoal ou até mesmo o uso de inteligência artificial para o auxiliar o usuário a tomar suas decisões.

WoT: o nome é conhecido, mas a proposta é diferente

Veja que há uma diferença prática na WoT da PLS e outros projetos de WoT espalhados pela internet afora e pelo Nostr. A maioria dos projetos de WoT são para determinar se uma pessoa/chave privada é ou não relevante a partir da visão de outra chave privada. É o caso de serviços de WoT como o da Coracle.Social, Vertexlab.io e mais recentemente da nova implementação de WoT Relays. Serviços como estes tem o objetivo de reduzir ou eliminar spam e falsidade ideológica (fakes), assim como oferecer uma espécie de algoritmo de recomendação, similar ao que é feito em redes sociais como YouTube e Instagram.

Note que em nenhum momento o objetivo da WoT da PLS é definir por A + B quem é ou deixa de ser confiável ou inconfiável, afinal, confiança é algo estritamente relativo. Nenhum projeto pode ter a audácia de tentar classificar pessoas como confiáveis ou inconfiáveis a nível de estabelecimento de contratos. A PLS entende isso e respeita esse caráter subjetivo da confiança. De igual maneira, nunca foi o objetivo de qualquer projeto de WoT sério fazer algo similar ao que é feito em países como a China, onde pessoas têm alguma espécie de "crédito social". Fique tranquilo. Nosso objetivo não é tornar os episódios distópicos de Black Mirror em realidade 🤣

Visualização em grafo: uma proposta elegante

Desde que entrei de cabeça no projeto da PLS, uma coisa que veio sendo falada nas reuniões era sobre a criação de novas ferramentas para visualizar a rede de formas mais intuitivas, que ajudassem os usuários ao julgar pessoas como confiáveis ou não para estabelecer contratos, e ao mesmo tempo, resolvessem o problema de UX que é uma simples tabela com avaliações entre usuários da rede. A tendência é, a partir do momento que o projeto comece a ter adesão, que o número de notas cresça exponencialmente, e com isso, a visualização da reputação dos indivíduos seja pouco intuitiva. Uma solução apresentada para este problema foi a criação de um frontend com grafos, ou melhor, a criação de uma forma de visualização da sua rede de confiança em particular. A partir disso, foi gerada uma bounty no projeto para a implementação desta solução, a qual eu orgulhosamente estou construindo (na verdade está pronta para uso. Mas ainda quero melhorar algumas coisas). O objetivo é simples: dar ao usuário mais uma forma de contemplar os dados da WoT, de forma mais particular e intuitiva. Facilitando a tomada de decisões.

A natureza da confiança humana em sintonia com a tecnologia

Bolhas virtuais, vilarejos e mineiros

Uma possível crítica que o projeto possa receber é a possibilidade de ataques de spam ou cancelamento em massa corroer ou inviabilizar a utilidade do protocolo. Ataque Sybil também. Entretanto, são espantalhos até bem inocentes quanto ao projeto em questão.

Como havia mencionado anteriormente, a base do projeto em si é propositalmente simples e não se propõe a dar uma solução definitiva para a visualização dos dados postos no protocolo. A tabela de avaliações hoje existente no site da WoT da PLS é apenas uma das inúmeras formas de interpretar estes dados. E uma forma efetiva para problemas como esse, é justamente a implementação de uma visualização por grafo, onde os usuários podem ver redes de confiança sendo tracejadas a partir do ponto de vista específico de uma npub em particular.

Aqui a lógica de um antigo ditado é aplicada:

"O amigo do meu amigo é meu amigo"

Da mesma maneira também podemos formular outras afirmações como:

"O inimigo do meu inimigo é meu amigo"

"O inimigo do meu amigo é meu inimigo"

"O amigo do meu inimigo é meu inimigo"

Se tais derivações fazem sentido para você ou não, não cabe a mim dizer. Novamente, confiança é intrinsecamente algo de caráter subjetivo. Vai de cada um decidir quem é ou não confiável. É justamente por isso que estou implementando diversos filtros de avaliações no meu fork da PLS.

Na prática é o velho jogo de política de sempre. Como bem citado uma vez pelo filósofo e youtuber Platinho, ao citar Carl Schmitt:

"O que define que estamos falando do campo da política é falar de tribalismo. Aliado e inimigo. Quando a galera reclama que estamos falando de poítica igual falamos de futebol, a crítica é equivocada. Política é igual futebol."

Isso também se reflete na cultura mineira (e rural do Brasil em geral), por exemplo. O clássico "cê é fi de quem?". Perceba que essa é uma forma de procurar por um caminho de confiança já estabelecido. Quem tem parente em interior sabe, que uma das coisas mais comuns é os mais velhos, seja ou tio, mãe ou avô perguntar sobre um amigo que você leve para o ambiente familiar (meu filho, esse seu amigo é filho de quem?) É algo até instintivo do ser humano procurar por rotas de confiança e trabalhar de certa forma com o QI (Quem Indica). Goste você ou não, é assim que a natureza humana se expressa e é assim que a dinâmica social é montada.

Vendo que é natural a formação de bolhas, não é uma boa ideia em si interpretar os dados da WoT da PLS simplesmente de uma forma numérica bruta. A melhor forma é fazer uma abordagem individual, com base na sua rede de confiança ao invés de puramente o número de avaliações positivas e negativas.

O grafo da PLS busca justamente tornar mais intuitivo, prático e sistemático essa pesquisa natural. Essa implementação é além de uma ferramenta, uma forma de expressão social muito forte, tanto em âmbito social quanto jurídico, à medida em que a dinâmica social e jurídica se entrelaçam no tecido social.

Adriano Calango ataca novamente

Para um exemplo prático, voltemos a falar dele, Adriano Calango.

Adriano Calango conhece a WoT da PLS já faz um tempo e já avaliou todos os seus parceiros comerciais e amigos aos quais tem laços de confiança já firmes e maduros. Ele procura alguém para alugar uma casa Rolante, RS. ´Ele vê alguns perfis de síndicos no Nostr que moram na mesma cidade que ele com casas disponíveis para alugar. Mas quer ter uma noção que não está se metendo em encrenca ou lidando com algum síndico chato que inferniza a vida dos inquilinos.

Dito isso, ele acessa a WoT da PLS e vai na página do grafo. Percebe que seu amigo Bruno Jabuti, ao qual já havia avaliado positivamente anteriormente, avaliou positivamente um professor de Jiu-jitsu, conhecido como Carlos Camaleão. Que além de ser avaliado positivamente por Bruno Jabuti, recebeu várias avaliações positivas de outros usuários conhecidos de Adriano Calango. Carlos Camaleão, por sua vez, avaliou positivamente um síndico da região chamado Diego Iguana. Na descrição Carlos Camaleão descreve como em todo o tempo que ele foi inquilino de Diego Iguana sempre foi bem tratado e como seu condomínio estava sempre bem organizado e era cuidadosamente zelado, e como sempre que havia alguma falha de infraestrutura, o problema era rapidamente resolvido. Adriano Calango considera firmar um contrato de aluguel com Diego Iguana.

Assim, temos o seguinte caminho de confiança estabelecido:

Adriano Calango 👍 -> Bruno Jabuti 👍 -> Carlos Camaleão 👍 -> Diego Iguana

Passando-se alguns dias, Adriano Calango é abordado por Denis Jacaré em uma DM no Nostr oferecendo aluguel baratíssimo e com poucas exigências. Denis Jacaré foi informado que Adriano Calango estava a procura de um imóvel novo para residir. Adriano Calango, então, pega a chave Nostr de Denis Jacaré e joga na parte de "target" na página do grafo na PLS WoT. Ele percebe que Denis Jacaré tem várias avaliações negativas de inúmeros usuários, mas não consegue ainda bater o martelo quanto a confiabilidade de Denis Jacaré. Ele então insere sua própria chave Nostr no campo de "main rater" e vê que tem um caminho tracejado entre a sua npub e a de Denis Jacaré. Pra sua surpresa, ele vê que Carlos Camaleão deu a Denis Jacaré uma avaliação negativa, por conta que no período em que sua filha era inquilina do mesmo, prestou um péssimo serviço. O condomínio vivia com o elevador quebrado, a portaria muitas vezes não funcionava e tinha falta de luz constante. Denis Jacaré não tomava providẽncia nenhuma quanto a isso e ainda fazia questão de causa intriga entre os inquilinos e tentar jogar uns contra os outros. Adriano Calango, então percebe que Denis Jacaré não é confiável com base na rede de confiança definida por Adriano Calango.

Nesse caso temos o seguinte circuito estabelecido:

Adriano Calango 👍 -> Bruno Jabuti 👍 -> Carlos Camaleão 👎 -> Denis Jacaré

Adriano Calango aborda Diego Iguana para estabelecer um contrato. Agora é a vez de Diego Iguana pesquisar o histórico de Adriano Calango. Pois ele quer manter a comunidade de seu condomínio saudável e não deseja aceitar inquilinos baderneiros ou barraqueiros.

Diego Iguana faz então o caminho inverso de Adriano Calango, pondo a npub de Adriano Calango como "target" e a própria npub como "main rater". Daí Diego Iguana consegue ver que Carlos camaleão deu uma nota positiva para Bruno Jabuti e Bruno Jabuti deu uma nota positiva para Adriano Calango. Os dois então fecham negócio.

Neste exemplo, o grafo da WoT da PLS serviu como uma "bússola de confiança" para Adriano Calango e Diego Iguana firmarem um contrato no BJP com seus árbitros e advogados.

Considerações finais

Neste artigo você pôde aprender os conceitos básicos da Private Law Society, motivos de certas escolhas de design, viu exemplos práticos de casos de uso e um pouco das bases filosóficas que norteiam o ecosistema da PLS. Também pôde compreender um pouco mais sobre o conceito de WoT na PLS e como isso pode ser útil com o passar do tempo e a adesão de novos usuários no sistema.

Se este conteúdo te agregou de forma positiva em algo, considere mandar um ZAP ou fazer uma doação anônima por um dos meios disponibilizados na descrição do meu perfil Nostr. Este artigo foi feito com muito carinho e dedicação. Sua doação me encoraja a continuar produzindo e lhe mantendo informado. Se não pode ou não quer contribuir financeiramente, considere engajar no conteúdo reagindo, compartilhando e comentando. Toda a ajuda é bem vinda. Agradeço de coração sua paciência e atenção para ler até aqui.

Em breve trarei novidades sobre o desenvolvimento do grafo da WoT e logo mais, vídeo novo no meu canal do YouTube. Até mais!

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5/27/2025, Las Vegas, NV — Sati, a Bitcoin payments app and Lightning infrastructure provider, today announced the launch of its Lightning integration with Xverse, a Bitcoin wallet used by over 1.5 million people worldwide.

Thanks to the integration, Xverse users can now send and receive sats (bitcoin’s smallest denomination) instantly over the Lightning Network with no setup, no app switching, and no custodial risk.

Initially designed in 2017, the Lightning Network has grown to become Bitcoin’s leading layer-2, with a current BTC capacity of over $465M.

Sati is now leveraging this technology to bring the world’s favorite digital currency into the pockets of 3 billion users worldwide, thanks to its powerful API integration with WhatsApp.

“Bitcoin was not meant to be an asset for Wall Street—it was built for peer-to-peer money, borderless and accessible,” said Felipe Servin, Founder and CEO of Sati.

“Integrating Lightning natively into Xverse brings that vision back to life, making Bitcoin usable at scale for billions.”

Thanks to the integration, every Xverse user now gets a Lightning Address instantly.

That means they can receive tips, pay invoices, and use Bitcoin for microtransactions—all without having to manage channels or switch between different apps.

Sati expects USDT on Lightning to be supported as early as Q3 for the Xverse wallet and in July 2025 for users accessing Sati through WhatsApp.

This integration positions Sati’s role as a Lightning infrastructure provider, not just a consumer app.

By leveraging its API-based solution, the company provides plug-and-play backend services to wallets and platforms looking to add Bitcoin payments without compromising on security or UX.

The Xverse launch follows the debut of Parasite Pool, a new mining pool leveraging Sati and Xverse’s tech stack and focused on democratizing Bitcoin mining.

Parasite Pool charges 0% fees and pays out instantly over Lightning, making it ideal for small-scale miners, especially those running ultra-low-power hardware like Bitaxe.

With over 500 users joining Parasite Pool within weeks of launch and an average pool hashrate of 5 PH/s, Parasite Pool is steadily growing its presence in the home mining space.

Thanks to the Lightning integration, Parasite Pool supports the smallest Lightning payouts in the industry (a fraction of a cent), lowering the barrier to entry for anyone interested in mining.

Sati recently closed a $600K pre-seed round backed by Bitcoin-focused investors, including Draper Associates, BitcoinFi, Arcanum, BoostVC, and Ricardo Salinas.

The funding is being used to support global expansion, stablecoin integration, Lightning infrastructure growth, and broader access to Bitcoin in emerging markets.

Sati will be conducting live product demos at Bitcoin 2025 in Las Vegas on May 27-29. To learn more about Sati, visit sati.pro

Press Contact
press@sati.pro

About Sati

Sati is a Bitcoin payments infrastructure provider. Launched in 2025 with investors of the likes as Draper Associates and Ricardo Salinas, Sati powers fast, seamless Bitcoin payments on applications such as WhatsApp to fuel the next wave of adoption. Learn more at sati.pro

About Xverse

Xverse is the on-chain platform for the Bitcoin economy—think Revolut meets Alchemy, built natively on Bitcoin. Trusted by over 1.5 million users, Xverse is launching a unified portfolio platform for Bitcoin L1 and Layer 2s, alongside developer infrastructure to power seamless Bitcoin-native apps.

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• The Foundation (12th Century)

The territory that would become Portugal was originally part of the Kingdom of León and Castile. But in 1128, the young nobleman Afonso Henriques confronted his own mother at the Battle of São Mamede, taking control of the County of Portugal (Condado Portucalense).

In 1139, after winning the Battle of Ourique, he declared himself King of Portugal. Independence was recognized in 1143 by the King of León and confirmed by the Pope in 1179.

• Expansion and the discoveries (14th–16th Centuries)

In the following centuries, Portugal consolidated its territory and set out to sea. The 15th century marked the beginning of the Portuguese Discoveries:

🚢 1419–1420 – Discovery of Madeira and the Azores 🚢 1488 – Bartolomeu Dias rounds the Cape of Good Hope 🚢 1498 – Vasco da Gama reaches India 🚢 1500 – Pedro Álvares Cabral discovers Brazil

During this period, Portugal created a vast maritime empire with colonies in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Oceania.

• Iberian Union and the restoration (1580–1640)

In 1580, after a dynastic crisis caused by the death of King Sebastian, Portugal came under Spanish rule in what is known as the Iberian Union. For 60 years, the Spanish kings ruled Portugal until, in 1640, a revolt led by John IV restored Portuguese independence.

• The decline of the Empire and the 1755 earthquake

The 18th century was marked by the Lisbon earthquake of 1755, one of the greatest disasters of its time, which destroyed much of the capital. The Marquis of Pombal led the country’s reconstruction and modernization.

The empire began to weaken, culminating in the independence of Brazil in 1822.

• Wars, republic, and dictatorship (19th–20th Centuries)

Portugal faced internal crises and took part in World War I. In 1910, the monarchy fell and the Portuguese Republic was proclaimed.

In the 20th century, the country lived under the Estado Novo dictatorship (1933–1974), led by António de Oliveira Salazar. In 1974, the Carnation Revolution brought democracy, and the following year, the last African colonies gained independence.

• Modern Portugal (21st Century)

In 1986, Portugal joined the European Union, marking a period of growth and modernization. Today, it is a democratic country with a rich culture and a history that continues to inspire the world.

• And what about the islands?

The Autonomous Regions of Madeira and the Azores play a fundamental role in Portuguese identity. Discovered in the 15th century, they have been part of Portugal ever since and have their own regional governments.

Madeira is known for its wine and stunning landscapes, while the Azores are famous for their volcanic nature and unique culture.

Thank you very much for reading this far. I hope everything is well with you, and sending a big hug from your favorite writer from Madeira. Long live freedom!

@ 9390316a:954bc3eb

Find out where to buy arabic sandals brands in Qatar with this helpful guide by Thamco Caretti. Explore a range of well-known malls that feature premium collections of traditional and modern Arabic footwear. This information highlights shopping destinations known for quality and variety, ensuring a reliable retail experience. Whether you're seeking daily wear or luxury sandals, the featured malls carry trusted arabic sandals brands in Qatar suited for all preferences. Thamco Caretti ensures accurate and updated details for every shopper’s need.

@ 6d8e2a24:5faaca4c

President Donald Trump attends a meeting with the Fraternal Order of Police in the State Dinning Room of the White House, Thursday, June 5, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

Last Friday, President Donald Trump heaped praise on Elon Musk as the tech billionaire prepared to leave his unorthodox White House job.

Less than a week later, their potent political alliance met a dramatic end Thursday when the men attacked each other with blistering epithets. Trump threatened to go after Musk’s business interests. Musk called for Trump’s impeachment.

social media posts urging lawmakers to oppose deficit spending and increasing the debt ceiling.

“Without me, Trump would have lost the election, Dems would control the House and the Republicans would be 51-49 in the Senate,” Musk posted, a reference to Musk’s record political spending last year, which topped $250 million.

“Such ingratitude,” he added.

Trump's Video

Trump said Musk had worn out his welcome at the White House and was mad that Trump was changing electric vehicle policies in ways that would financially harm Musk-led Tesla.

“Elon was ‘wearing thin,’ I asked him to leave, I took away his EV Mandate that forced everyone to buy Electric Cars that nobody else wanted (that he knew for months I was going to do!), and he just went CRAZY!” Trump wrote.

He added: “The easiest way to save money in our Budget, Billions and Billions of Dollars, is to terminate Elon’s Governmental Subsidies and Contracts. I was always surprised that Biden didn’t do it!”

Musk goes nuclear “Time to drop the really big bomb: Trump is in the Epstein files. That is the real reason they have not been made public. Have a nice day, DJT!” — Musk, Thursday, X post.

---

In a series of posts, he shined a spotlight on ties between Trump and Jeffrey Epstein, the financier who killed himself while awaiting trial on federal sex trafficking charges. Some loud voices in Trump’s “Make America Great Again” movement claim Epstein’s suicide was staged by powerful figures, including prominent Democrats, who feared Epstein would expose their involvement in trafficking. Trump’s own FBI leaders have dismissed such speculation and there’s no evidence supporting it.

Later, when an X user suggested Trump be impeached and replaced by Vice President JD Vance, Musk agreed.

“Yes,” he wrote.

“I don’t mind Elon turning against me, but he should have done so months ago,” Trump wrote. He went on to promote his budget bill.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.wavy.com/news/politics/ap-the-implosion-of-a-powerful-political-alliance-trump-and-musk-in-their-own-words/amp/

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

Michael Saylor, executive chairman of Strategy, has stirred up the Bitcoin community with his recent comments on proof-of-reserves, calling it a “bad idea” that puts institutional security at risk.

Speaking at a side event at the Bitcoin 2025 conference in Las Vegas, Saylor expressed strong concerns about the security implications of on-chain proof of reserves (PoR), a method used by many bitcoin companies to show they actually hold the assets they claim.

“The conventional way of issuing proof of reserves today is actually insecure,” Saylor said.

“It actually dilutes the security of the issuer, the custodians, the exchanges and the investors. It’s not a good idea, it’s a bad idea.”

Proof-of-reserves is a process where companies with bitcoin reserves share public wallet addresses or use cryptographic methods to prove how much bitcoin they hold.

This practice gained popularity after the collapse of major exchanges like FTX and Mt. Gox to build trust through transparency.

Many big players in the digital asset space, including Binance, Kraken, OKX and asset manager Bitwise, have adopted PoR to reassure users and stakeholders.

Related: Bitwise Announces On-Chain Address, Donations Go to Shareholders

Saylor’s objections boil down to two main points.

First, he believes publishing wallet addresses creates serious security risks. By exposing institutional wallet structures, companies may open themselves up to attacks from hackers, hostile governments or malicious actors.

“[It’s like] publishing the address and the bank accounts of all your kids and the phone numbers of all your kids and then thinking somehow that makes your family better,” Saylor said.

“(It becomes) an attack vector for hackers, nation-state actors, every type of troll imaginable.”

He even asked the audience to try a thought experiment:

“Go to AI, put it in deep think mode and then ask it ‘what are the security problems of publishing your wallet addresses?’ and ‘how might it undermine the security of your company over time’ … It will write you a book. It will be fifty pages of security problems.”

Second, Saylor pointed out that proof of reserves only shows what a company owns, not what it owes. In his view, that’s incomplete.

“It’s proof of assets that is insecure, and it is not proof of liabilities… So you own $63 billion worth of bitcoin—do you have a hundred billion dollars of liabilities?” he asked rhetorically.

For large institutions and investors, this view of financial health is not enough.

Instead of publishing wallet addresses, Saylor thinks the better approach is to use institutional-grade audits by trusted firms.

“The best practice… would be to have a Big Four auditor that checks to make sure you actually have the bitcoin, then checks to make sure the company hasn’t rehypothecated or pledged the bitcoin,” he said.

“Then you have to wash it through a public company where the CFO signs, then the CEO signs, then the chairman and all the outside directors are civilly and criminally liable for it.”

He believes the legal consequences of corporate auditing — including prison time for fraud under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act — are stronger than cryptographic proof alone.

He did admit that a more secure, future version of PoR might be possible if it involved zero-knowledge proofs that protect wallet privacy while still confirming ownership.

Not everyone agrees with Saylor’s opinion. While some praised his focus on security, others accused Saylor of hiding something.

Speculations resurfaced about whether Strategy truly holds all the bitcoin it claims, or if it’s involved in so-called “paper bitcoin” — claims to BTC without physical backing.

Others pointed out that exchanges like Kraken and asset managers like Bitwise have implemented PoR systems without major breaches.

@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8

In dem Video geht es um Dietrich Bonhoeffer, wie er sich zu Dummheit und vorsätzlicher bzw. rationaler Ignoranz geäußert hat. Schon seit einiger Zeit geht bei vielen Seltsames vor: Sie werden mit einem Thema persönlich konfrontiert und postum gibt es genau zu diesem Thema ein Video oder einen Artikel. Das kommt manchmal so vor, wie ein Frage- und Antwort-Spiel innerhalb der Schwarm-Intelligenz. Irgendwie spooky.

Die erschreckende Theorie der Dummheit, die Sie nie hören sollten - Dietrich Bonhoeffer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PH-Vs5ILEko

Dem Entdecken, oder besser, dem Auf-einen-Zukommen, ist dieser E-Mail-Schriftverkehr in zeitlichem Zusammenhang vorausgegangen:

Nachfrage zu einem Aufruf durch einen Mitarbeiter zur Blutspende in einem Unternehmen mit über 100 Mitarbeitern über den E-Mail-Verteiler:

Lieber XXXXXXX,

danke zunächst für Dein Engagement.

In meiner näheren Familie gibt es jemanden, der regelmäßig Blut spendet, daher bin ich ein wenig für das Thema sensibilisiert.

Seit Du die E-Mail verschickt hast, gehe ich damit „schwanger“, ob ich ein vielleicht „heißes Eisen“ anfassen soll.

In den angehängten Informationen (des Roten Kreuzes) steht, dass das gespendete Blut auf bestimmte „Verunreinigungen“ durch Vorerkrankungen untersucht wird. Was nicht aufgeführt ist, ist eine Untersuchung, von der ich noch nicht einmal weiß, ob sie überhaupt schon durchgeführt wurde, und wenn ja, zu welchem Ergebnis sie gekommen ist, ob das gespendete Blut auch mit Substanzen der Corona-Gen-Behandlung verunreinigt sein kann. Leider zeigen ja die aktuellen Erkenntnisse, dass das Spike-Protein noch nach Jahren aktiv sein kann. Auch in gespendetem Blut? Die konkrete Frage wäre, ob das Rote Kreuz definitiv ausschließen kann, dass das nicht der Fall ist, damit ein möglicher Schaden nicht die Gefahr läuft, größer zu sein, als der Nutzen.

Soweit ich weiß, hat das Rote Kreuz bis heute keine separaten Blutbanken von „geimpftem“ und „ungeimpftem“ Blut angelegt. Wenn zu 100% ausgeschlossen werden kann, dass keine schädlichen Substanzen der Gen-Behandlung in die Blutkonserve gelangen, wäre das ja natürlich nicht nötig. Ist das so? Wenn ja, wo ist der Nachweis dazu zu finden, wie ist der aktuelle Erkenntnisstand, von wem wurden Studien dazu erarbeitet, wer hat das finanziert?

Mindestens 20% der Bevölkerung, das sind rund 16 Millionen Menschen, haben auf die Gen-Behandlung verzichtet und wollen im Ernstfall kein kontaminiertes Blut empfangen. Wie kann das Rote Kreuz belegbar und glaubhaft nachweisen, dass möglicherweise verunreinigtes Blut nicht doch in die Blutkonserven gelangt, weil sonst die Gefahr besteht, dass im Ernstfall Impfverzichter einen Schaden davontragen könnten?

Ich finde das eine wichtige Frage dem Roten Kreuz gegenüber und vielleicht wäre es auch gut, die möglichen Spender im Vorfeld für dieses heikle Thema zu sensibilisieren. Ich finde es auffällig, dass das Rote Kreuz sich hierzu weder in die eine, noch andere Richtung in den Informationen äußert, obwohl sie uns alle betrifft.

Ich schreibe diese Email aus kollegialen Gründen, aber auch zur Sensibilisierung gegenüber der Verantwortung aller Menschen gegenüber ihren Mitmenschen, die (hoffentlich nie) in die Situation kommen, einmal auf eine Blutspende angewiesen zu sein.

Wenn sich etwas Neues auf meine Nachfrage an Dich ergibt, wäre es klasse, ich würde davon erfahren.

Vielen Dank und viele Grüße

YYYYYYY

(Die Intension war, sich so vorsichtig wie möglich, quasi auf „Samtpfötchen“, an den Kern heranzupirschen. Dass es bereits Erkenntnisse dazu gibt, dass das Blut kontaminiert sein kann, wurde bewusst weggelassen, um keine Angriffsfläche zu bieten, ein „Verschwörungstheoretiker“ zu sein. Wenn die andere Seite auf einen Austausch eingestiegen wäre, wäre eine Quelle zu dieser Aussage vorhanden gewesen.)

Die Antwort:

Hallo YYYYYYY,

danke für die ausführliche Nachricht und dass du dir Gedanken zu dem Thema machst. Ich finde, man sollte Blutspenden als eine persönliche und private Sache betrachten.

Jeder und jede sollte für sich selbst abwägen, ob und unter welchen Bedingungen er oder sie das tun möchte.

Die Fragen, die du gestellt hast, sind echt speziell. Da geht's um medizinische und wissenschaftliche Themen, da kann ich als Privatperson nicht mitreden. Ich denke, dass sich Interessierte bei solchen Themen am besten direkt an medizinische Fachstellen oder das Rote Kreuz vor Ort wenden sollten, um fundierte und belastbare Informationen zu erhalten.

Mir persönlich ist es wichtig, Menschen auf die Möglichkeit der Blutspende aufmerksam zu machen.

Jeder kann das für sich selbst entscheiden und es ist auch okay, wenn man dabei Überzeugungen hat.

Beste Grüße

XXXXXXX

(„Blutspende…eine persönliche und private Sache“, nach dem Corona-Ereignis auch noch?, „…ich als Privatperson“ empfehle anderen etwas, bei dem sie möglicherweise anderen einen Schaden zufügen. Ist das schon grob fahrlässig, nach den Denkanstößen, die gegeben wurden?, „Wenn man dabei Überzeugungen hat.“, interessante Formulierung.)

Darauf die Reaktion:

Hallo XXXXXXX,

danke auch für Deine Antwort.

Wenn so eine im Grundsatz sicher gute Aktion beworben wird, liegt es nach meinem Empfinden auch in der Verantwortung, auf mögliche Folgen hinzuweisen, wenn es das Rote Kreuz schon nicht tut. Vorausgesetzt, man misst ihnen Bedeutung zu. Wenn meine E-Mail keine Veranlassung zu einer Beunruhigung und eigener Recherche angeregt hat, dann kann ich leider mehr nicht tun.

Dass das Rote Kreuz keine Hinweise gibt, liegt wohl daran, dass es Teil des Systems ist. Wer die Augen aufmacht, kann mit wenig Aufwand leider mehr als genug Tatsachenwahrheiten finden, die mit Schäden im Zusammenhang der Gen-Behandlung verursacht wurden und immer noch verursacht werden. Es ist nicht meine Aufgabe, einen Wissensrückstand von 5 Jahren auf den aktuellen Stand zu bringen. Allein die veröffentlichten RKI-Protokolle sollten schon genug Anlass zur Skepsis bieten. Der ÖRR berichtet leider nicht darüber, weil er auch Teil des Systems ist.

Ich will es damit genug sein lassen und hoffe, dass es unter den Kolleginnen und Kollegen noch weitere kritische Geister gibt.

Es geht nicht gegen Dich persönlich, aber ich hoffe, das Angebot wird nicht zahlreich genutzt.

Viele Grüße

YYYYYYY

(Einen halben Gang hochgeschaltet, ein Versuch, XXXXXXX aus der Reserve zu locken.)

Und ein Nachtrag von YYYYYYY:

Lieber XXXXXXX,

wir sind schon einmal unter Missbrauch des Begriffes „Solidarität“ hinter die Fichte geführt worden. Das darf nicht noch einmal passieren!

Nochmals viele Grüße

YYYYYYY

(Keine Reaktion mehr von XXXXXXX)

Und, wie gesagt, daraufhin kam das Video mit Bonhoeffer entgegen. Besser kann man vorsätzliche, rationale Ignoranz in Bezug auf den Schriftwechsel nicht beschreiben.

Hier wird eine jeden angehende allgemeinmedizinische Frage zu einer Frage der persönlichen Überzeugung gemacht. Das kommt doch sehr bekannt vor, oder?

Sehr wahrscheinlich lässt es sich vermuten, dass es sich bei XXXXXXX wohl um einen Corona-Jünger handelt, der die Tatsachen scheut, wie der Teufel das Weihwasser. Bloß nicht nachdenken, bloß nicht in Frage stellen, bloß nicht hellhörig oder gar neugierig werden, bloß nicht auf die Äußerungen eingehen, bloß nicht konkret werden, bloß keine eindeutig formulierte Stellung zu den Aussagen beziehen. „Angriffsfläche“ wäre vorhanden gewesen.

Das vorsichtige Anpirschen war alles andere, als mit-der-Brechstange-herangehen. Und doch setzt sofort automatisch der Teflon-Effekt ein. Selbstschutz.

Die Frage ist, wie soll da die Spaltung überwunden werden, wenn „die andere Seite“ so überhaupt nicht bereit ist, sich mit dem Vorgebrachten auseinanderzusetzen. Noch nicht einmal, wenn man nur die Spitze der Spitze des Eisbergs leise anhaucht.

Diesem Beispiel könnten viele unzählige weitere Beispiele hinzugefügt werden. Jeder hat so etwas schon einmal auf die eine oder andere Weise erlebt.

Das Gefühl lässt sich nicht unterdrücken, dass sich die Menschheit in zwei Lager aufgeteilt hat, und es gibt derzeit keinen Weg, wie man wieder aufeinander zukommen könnte.

Wie zwei Welten aufeinanderprallen, kann man derzeit auch in der Enquete-Kommission im sächsischen Landtag erleben: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6ACmwBUBFM

Aus der Sicht von YYYYYYY ist das kein Grund zur Verzweiflung, jedoch drängt sich der Wunsch auf, dass man mit solchen Menschen wie XXXXXXX nichts mehr anfangen will. Man möchte mit ihnen, so schade es auch ist, am liebsten gar nichts mehr zu tun haben, und wenn doch aus irgendwelchen Gründen, nur noch das Allernotwendigste, so kurz und knapp, wie möglich. Empathie aufzubringen erscheint einem als vergeudete Energie, besser ist es, sich auf die Menschen zu konzentrieren, die wegen fehlender Genbehandlung keine Wesensveränderungen, die mittlerweile leider auch schon bestätigt sind, erlitten haben.

Wie Bonhoeffer richtig sagt, es geht hier nicht um Intelligenz, es geht viel tiefer. Es geht um das Menschsein an sich, und man hat den Eindruck, dass vor allem dies unter dem Einfluss der Spritze sehr stark gelitten hat. Da scheint so eine Abgestumpftheit durch, die einem einen kalten Schauer über den Rücken fahren lässt. Und das ist vielleicht noch gefährlicher, als diejenigen, die wirklich dumm sind. Das ist keine Arroganz oder Überheblichkeit, sondern unschuldig, wahllos von der Natur vergebene Dummheit, die jeden hätte ereilen können, hat es immer schon zu einem großen Teil gegeben. Hier hat man wenigstens noch die Möglichkeit, sich einfühlen zu können und Verständnis aufzubringen. Bei Menschen aber, von denen man weiß, dass sie die kognitiven Fähigkeiten zur Reflektion hätten, sie jedoch aus welchen Gründen auch immer nicht nutzen, oder sie als Verdrängungsmechanismus gerade nutzen, weil sie es können, geht auch eine gewisse Gefahr aus, weil man nie wissen kann, was sie sich sonst noch so ausdenken könnten, wenn sie in die geistige Enge getrieben werden, um ja nicht von Menschen, die den Mut haben, die Wahrheit auszusprechen, in ihrem mühsam aufgebauten Weltbild erschüttert zu werden. „Was nicht sein darf, das nicht sein kann!“, obwohl doch eigentlich die Wahrheit dem Menschen zumutbar ist.

So hat man das Gefühl, man atmet Honig ein und bewegt sich mühsam durch einen zähen Brei vorwärts, der einem bis zu den Oberschenkeln reicht. Jeder Schritt eine Anstrengung.

Und bevor man noch tiefer in dieses Verlustgefühl von Lebensqualität eintaucht (das hat nichts mit Depressionen zu tun, man bekommt einfach nur schlechte Laune), sich immer wieder bewusst machen, dass es da draußen noch eine Menge bei Verstand gebliebener Menschen gibt, die unermüdlich daran arbeiten, dass die Wahrheit weiter so sehr erkraftet, dass sie sich ihren Weg in den sogenannten Mainstream bahnt und die Menschen endlich aufwachen. So schmerzlich das für viele sein mag, es muss sein!

Selbst für einen wenig religiösen Menschen, im Sinne von regelmäßigen Kirchgängen und keinem Kontakt zur Institution Kirche, bekommt der Satz eine ganz besondere Bedeutung:

„Ich schicke euch den Geist der Wahrheit, und der wird euch frei machen!“

@ 9cb3545c:2ff47bca

Introduction

Public companies that hold Bitcoin on behalf of investors (often issuing securities backed by those Bitcoin holdings) have faced growing pressure to demonstrate proof of reserves – evidence that they genuinely hold the cryptocurrency they claim. One approach is to publish the company’s Bitcoin wallet addresses so that anyone can verify the balances on the blockchain. This practice gained momentum after high-profile crypto collapses (e.g. FTX in 2022) eroded trust, leading major exchanges and fund issuers like Binance, Kraken, OKX, and Bitwise to publicize wallet addresses as proof of assets . The goal is transparency and reassurance for investors. However, making wallet addresses public comes with significant security and privacy risks. This report examines those risks – from cybersecurity threats and blockchain tracing to regulatory and reputational implications – and weighs them against the transparency benefits of on-chain proof of reserves.

Proof of Reserves via Public Wallet Addresses

In the cryptocurrency ethos of “don’t trust – verify,” on-chain proof of reserves is seen as a powerful tool. By disclosing wallet addresses (or cryptographic attestations of balances), a company lets investors and analysts independently verify that the Bitcoin reserves exist on-chain. For example, some firms have dashboards showing their addresses and balances in real time . In theory, this transparency builds trust by proving assets are not being misreported or misused. Shareholders gain confidence that the company’s Bitcoin holdings are intact, potentially preventing fraud or mismanagement.

Yet this approach essentially sacrifices the pseudonymity of blockchain transactions. Publishing a wallet address ties a large, known institution to specific on-chain funds. While Bitcoin addresses are public by design, most companies treat their specific addresses as sensitive information. Public proof-of-reserve disclosures break that anonymity, raising several concerns as detailed below.

Cybersecurity Threats from Visible Wallet Balances

Revealing a wallet address with a large balance can make a company a prime target for hackers and cybercriminals. Knowing exactly where significant reserves are held gives attackers a clear blueprint. As Bitcoin advocate (and MicroStrategy Executive Chairman) Michael Saylor warned in 2025, “publicly known wallet addresses become prime targets for malicious actors. Knowing where significant reserves are held provides hackers with a clear target, potentially increasing the risk of sophisticated attacks” . In other words, publishing the address increases the attack surface – attackers might intensify phishing campaigns, malware deployment, or insider bribery aimed at obtaining the keys or access to those wallets.

Even if the wallets are secured in cold storage, a public address advertisement may encourage attempts to penetrate the organization’s security. Custodians and partners could also be targeted. Saylor noted that this exposure isn’t just risky for the company holding the Bitcoin; it can indirectly put their custodial providers and related exchanges at risk as well . For instance, if a third-party custodian manages the wallets, hackers might attempt to breach that custodian knowing the reward (the company’s Bitcoin) is great.

Companies themselves have acknowledged these dangers. Grayscale Investments, which runs the large Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC), pointedly refused to publish its wallet addresses in late 2022, citing “security concerns” and complex custody arrangements that have “kept our investors’ assets safe for years” . Grayscale implied that revealing on-chain addresses could undermine those security measures, and it chose not to “circumvent complex security arrangements” just to appease public demand . This highlights a key point: corporate treasury security protocols often assume wallet details remain confidential. Publicizing them could invalidate certain assumptions (for example, if an address was meant to be operationally secret, it can no longer serve that role once exposed).

Additionally, a publicly known trove of cryptocurrency might invite physical security threats. While not a purely “cyber” issue, if criminals know a particular company or facility controls a wallet with, say, thousands of Bitcoin, it could lead to threats against personnel (extortion or coercion to obtain keys). This is a less common scenario for large institutions (which typically have robust physical security), but smaller companies or key individuals could face elevated personal risk by being associated with huge visible crypto reserves.

In summary, cybersecurity experts consider public proof-of-reserve addresses a double-edged sword: transparency comes at the cost of advertising exactly where a fortune is held. As Saylor bluntly put it, “the conventional way of issuing proof of reserves today is actually insecure… This method undermines the security of the issuer, the custodian, the exchanges and the investors. This is not a good idea”  . From a pure security standpoint, broadcasting your wallets is akin to drawing a bullseye on them.

Privacy Risks: Address Clustering and Blockchain Tracing

Blockchain data is public, so publishing addresses opens the door to unwanted analytics and loss of privacy for the business. Even without knowing the private keys, analysts can scrutinize every transaction in and out of those addresses. This enables address clustering – linking together addresses that interact – and other forms of blockchain forensics that can reveal sensitive information about the company’s activities.

One immediate risk is that observers can track the company’s transaction patterns. For example, if the company moves Bitcoin from its reserve address to an exchange or to another address, that move is visible in real time. Competitors, investors, or even attackers could deduce strategic information: perhaps the company is planning to sell (if coins go to an exchange wallet) or is reallocating funds. A known institution’s on-chain movements can thus “reveal strategic movements or holdings”, eroding the company’s operational privacy . In a volatile market, advance knowledge of a large buy or sell by a major player could even be exploited by others (front-running the market, etc.).

Publishing one or a few static addresses also violates a basic privacy principle of Bitcoin: address reuse. Best practice in Bitcoin is to use a fresh address for each transaction to avoid linking them  . If a company continuously uses the same “proof of reserve” address, all counterparties sending funds to or receiving funds from that address become visible. Observers could map out the company’s business relationships or vendors by analyzing counterparties. A Reddit user commenting on an ETF that published a single address noted that “reusing a single address for this makes me question their risk management… There are much better and more privacy-preserving ways to prove reserves… without throwing everything in a single public address” . In other words, a naive implementation of proof-of-reserve (one big address) maximizes privacy leakage.

Even if multiple addresses are used, if they are all disclosed, one can perform clustering analysis to find connections. This happened in the Grayscale case: although Grayscale would not confirm any addresses, community analysts traced and identified 432 addresses likely belonging to GBTC’s custodial holdings by following on-chain traces from known intermediary accounts . They managed to attribute roughly 317,705 BTC (about half of GBTC’s holdings) to those addresses . This demonstrates that even partial information can enable clustering – and if the company directly published addresses, the task becomes even easier to map the entirety of its on-chain asset base.

Another threat vector is “dusting” attacks, which become more feasible when an address is publicly known. In a dusting attack, an adversary sends a tiny amount of cryptocurrency (dust) to a target address. The dust itself is harmless, but if the target address ever spends that dust together with other funds, it can cryptographically link the target address to other addresses in the same wallet. Blockchain security researchers note that “with UTXO-based assets, an attacker could distribute dust to an address to reveal the owner’s other addresses by tracking the dust’s movement… If the owner unknowingly combines this dust with their funds in a transaction, the attacker can… link multiple addresses to a single owner”, compromising privacy . A company that publishes a list of reserve addresses could be systematically dusted by malicious actors attempting to map out all addresses under the company’s control. This could unmask cold wallet addresses that the company never intended to publicize, further eroding its privacy and security.

Investor confidentiality is another subtle concern. If the business model involves individual investor accounts or contributions (for instance, a trust where investors can deposit or withdraw Bitcoin), public addresses might expose those movements. An outside observer might not know which investor corresponds to a transaction, but unusual inflows/outflows could signal actions by big clients. In extreme cases, if an investor’s own wallet is known (say a large investor announces their involvement), one might link that to transactions in the company’s reserve addresses. This could inadvertently reveal an investor’s activities or holdings, breaching expectations of confidentiality. Even absent direct identification, some investors might simply be uncomfortable with their transactions being part of a publicly traceable ledger tied to the company.

In summary, publishing reserve addresses facilitates blockchain tracing that can pierce the veil of business privacy. It hands analysts the keys to observe how funds move, potentially exposing operational strategies, counterparties, and internal processes. As one industry publication noted, linking a large known institution to specific addresses can compromise privacy and reveal more than intended . Companies must consider whether they are ready for that level of transparency into their every on-chain move.

Regulatory and Compliance Implications

From a regulatory perspective, wallet address disclosure lies in uncharted territory, but it raises several flags. First and foremost is the issue of incomplete information: A wallet address only shows assets, not the company’s liabilities or other obligations. Regulators worry that touting on-chain holdings could give a false sense of security. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has cautioned investors to “not place too much confidence in the mere fact a company says it’s got a proof-of-reserves”, noting that such reports “lack sufficient information” for stakeholders to ascertain if liabilities can be met . In other words, a public company might show a big Bitcoin address balance, but if it has debts or customer liabilities of equal or greater value, the proof-of-reserve alone is “not necessarily an indicator that the company is in a good financial position” .

This regulatory stance implies that address disclosure, if done, must be paired with proper context. A public company would likely need to clarify in its financial statements or investor communications that on-chain reserves are unencumbered (not pledged as loan collateral, not already sold forward, etc.) and that total liabilities are accounted for. Otherwise, there’s a risk of misleading investors, which could have legal consequences. For example, if investors interpret the on-chain balance as proof of solvency but the company actually had leveraged those bitcoins for loans, lawsuits or regulatory enforcement could follow for misrepresentation.

There’s also a compliance burden associated with revealing addresses. Once an address is known to be the company’s, that company effectively must monitor all transactions related to it. If someone sends funds to that address (even without permission), the company might receive tainted coins (from hacked sources or sanctioned entities). This could trigger anti-money laundering (AML) red flags. Normally, compliance teams can ignore random deposits to unknown wallets, but they cannot ignore something sent into their publicly identified corporate wallet. Even a tiny dust amount sent from a blacklisted address could complicate compliance – for instance, the company would need to prove it has no relation to the sender and perhaps even avoid moving those tainted outputs. Being in the open increases such exposure. Threat actors might even exploit this by “poisoning” a company’s address with unwanted transactions, just to create regulatory headaches or reputational smears.

Another consideration is that custodial agreements and internal risk controls might forbid public disclosure of addresses. Many public companies use third-party custodians for their Bitcoin (for example, Coinbase Custody, BitGo, etc.). These custodians often treat wallet details as confidential for security. Grayscale noted that its Bitcoin are custodied on Coinbase and implied that revealing on-chain info would interfere with security arrangements  . It’s possible that some custodians would object to their clients broadcasting addresses, or might require additional assurances. A company going against such advice might be seen as negligent if something went wrong.

Regulators have so far not mandated on-chain proofs for public companies – in fact, recent laws have exempted public companies from proof-of-reserve mandates on the assumption they are already subject to rigorous SEC reporting. For example, a Texas bill in 2023 required crypto exchanges and custodians to provide quarterly proof-of-reserves to the state, but it “specifically carved out public reporting companies” since they already file audited financials with the SEC . The rationale was that between SEC filings and audits, public companies have oversight that private crypto firms lack . However, this also highlights a gap: even audited financials might not verify 100% of crypto assets (auditors often sample balances). Some observers noted that standard audits “may not ever include the 100% custodial asset testing contemplated by proof of reserves”, especially since quarterly SEC filings (10-Q) are often not audited . This puts public companies in a nuanced position – they are trusted to use traditional audits and internal controls, but the onus is on them if they choose to add extra transparency like on-chain proofs.

Finally, securities regulators focus on fair disclosure and accuracy. If a company publicly posts addresses, those essentially become investor disclosures subject to anti-fraud rules. The firm must keep them up to date and accurate. Any mistake (such as publishing a wrong address or failing to mention that some coins are locked up or lent out) could attract regulatory scrutiny for being misleading. In contrast, a formal audit or certification from a third-party comes with standards and disclaimers that are better understood by regulators. A self-published wallet list is an unprecedented form of disclosure that regulators haven’t fully vetted – meaning the company bears the risk if something is misinterpreted.

In summary, wallet address disclosure as proof-of-reserve must be handled very carefully to avoid regulatory pitfalls. The SEC and others have warned that on-chain assets alone don’t tell the whole story . Public companies would need to integrate such proofs with their official reporting in a responsible way – otherwise they risk confusion or even regulatory backlash for giving a false sense of security.

Reputational and Operational Risks

While transparency is meant to enhance reputation, in practice public wallet disclosures can create new reputational vulnerabilities. Once an address is public, a company’s every on-chain action is under the microscope of the crypto community and media. Any anomaly or perceived misstep can snowball into public relations problems.

One vivid example occurred with Crypto.com in late 2022. After the exchange published its cold wallet addresses to prove reserves (a move prompted by the FTX collapse), on-chain analysts quickly noticed a “suspicious transfer of 320,000 ETH” – about 82% of Crypto.com’s Ether reserves – moving from their cold wallet to another exchange (Gate.io)  . This large, unexpected transfer sparked immediate panic and FUD (fear, uncertainty, and doubt) on social media. Observers speculated that Crypto.com might be insolvent or was manipulating snapshots of reserves by borrowing funds. The CEO had to publicly respond, admitting it was an operational error – the ETH was supposed to go to a new cold storage address but ended up at a whitelisted external address by mistake . The funds were eventually returned, but not before reputational damage was done: the incident made headlines about mishandled funds and rattled user confidence  . This case illustrates how full public visibility can turn an internal slip-up into a highly public crisis. If the addresses had not been public, the mistake might have been quietly corrected; with on-chain transparency, there was nowhere to hide and no way to control the narrative before the public drew worst-case conclusions.

Even routine operations can be misinterpreted. Blockchain data lacks context – analysts may jump to conclusions that hurt a company’s reputation even if nothing is actually wrong. For instance, Binance (the world’s largest crypto exchange) encountered scrutiny when on-chain observers noted that one of its reserve wallets (labeled “Binance 8”) contained far more assets than it should have. This wallet was meant to hold collateral for Binance’s issued tokens, but held an excess balance, suggesting possible commingling of customer funds with collateral  . Bloomberg and others reported a ~$12.7 billion discrepancy visible on-chain . Binance had to acknowledge the issue as a “clerical error” and quickly separate the funds, all under the glare of public attention  . While Binance maintained that user assets were fully backed and the mistake was purely operational, the episode raised public concern over Binance’s practices, feeding a narrative that even the largest exchange had internal control lapses. The key point is that public proof-of-reserves made the lapse obvious to everyone, forcing a reactive explanation. The reputational hit (even if temporary) was an operational risk of being so transparent.

Additionally, strategic confidentiality is lost. If a company holding Bitcoin as a reserve asset decides to make a major move (say, reallocating to a different wallet, or using some Bitcoin for a strategic investment or loan), doing so with known addresses broadcasts that strategy. Competitors or market analysts can infer things like “Company X is moving 10% of its BTC — why? Are they selling? Hedging? Using it as collateral?” This can erode any competitive advantage of keeping financial strategies discreet. It might even affect the company’s stock price if investors interpret moves negatively. For example, if a blockchain analysis shows the company’s reserves dropping, shareholders might fear the company sold Bitcoin (perhaps due to financial distress), even if the reality is benign (like moving funds to a new custodian). The company would be forced into continuous public explanation of on-chain actions to prevent misunderstanding.

There’s also a risk of exposing business partnerships. Suppose the company uses certain exchanges or OTC desks to rebalance its holdings – transactions with those service providers will be visible and could link the company to them. If one of those partners has issues (say a hacked exchange or a sanctioned entity inadvertently), the company could be reputationally contaminated by association through the blockchain trail.

Finally, not all publicity is good publicity in the crypto world. A public proof-of-reserve might invite armchair auditors to scrutinize and criticize every aspect of the company’s crypto management. Minor issues could be blown out of proportion. On the flip side, if a company chooses not to publish addresses, it could face reputational risk from a different angle: skeptics might question why it isn’t being transparent. (Indeed, Grayscale’s refusal to disclose wallet addresses led to social media chatter about whether they truly held all the Bitcoin they claimed, contributing to investor nervousness and a steep discount on GBTC shares .) Thus, companies are in a delicate spot: share too much and every move invites scrutiny; share too little and you breed distrust.

Balancing Transparency Benefits vs. Risks

The central question is whether the benefit of proving reserve holdings to investors outweighs these security and privacy risks. It’s a classic risk-reward calculation, and opinions in the industry are divided.

On the side of transparency, many argue that the credibility and trust gained by proof-of-reserves is invaluable. Advocates note that Bitcoin was designed for open verification – “on-chain auditability and permissionless transparency” are core features . By embracing this, companies demonstrate they are good stewards of a “trustless” asset. In fact, some believe public companies have a duty to be extra transparent. A recent Nasdaq report contended that “when a publicly traded company holds Bitcoin but offers no visibility into how that Bitcoin is held or verified, it exposes itself to multiple levels of risk: legal, reputational, operational, and strategic”, undermining trust . In that view, opacity is riskier in the long run – a lack of proof could weaken investor confidence or invite regulatory suspicion. Shareholders and analysts may actually penalize a company that refuses to provide verifiable proof of its crypto assets .

Transparency done right can also differentiate a firm as a leader in governance. Publishing reserve data (whether via addresses or through third-party attestations) can be seen as a commitment to high standards. For example, Metaplanet, an investment firm, publicly discloses its BTC reserve addresses and even provides a live dashboard for anyone to verify balances . This proactive openness signals confidence and has been touted as an industry best practice in some quarters. By proving its reserves, a company can potentially avoid the fate of those that lost public trust (as happened with opaque crypto firms in 2022). It’s also a means to preempt false rumors – if data is out in the open, misinformation has less room to grow.

However, the pro-transparency camp increasingly acknowledges that there are smarter ways to achieve trust without courting all the risks. One compromise is using cryptographic proofs or audits instead of plain address dumps. For instance, exchanges like Kraken have implemented Merkle tree proof-of-reserves: an independent auditor verifies all customer balances on-chain and provides a cryptographic report, and customers can individually verify their account is included without the exchange revealing every address publicly. This method proves solvency to those who need to know without handing over a complete roadmap to attackers. Another emerging solution is zero-knowledge proofs, where a company can prove knowledge or ownership of certain assets without revealing the addresses or amounts to the public. These technologies are still maturing, but they aim to deliver the best of both worlds: transparency and privacy.

On the side of caution, many experts believe the risks of full public disclosure outweigh the incremental gain in transparency, especially for regulated public companies. Michael Saylor encapsulates this viewpoint: he calls on-chain proof-of-reserve “a bad idea” for institutions, arguing that it “offers one-way transparency” (assets only) and “leaves organizations open to cyberattacks” . He stresses that no serious security expert would advise a Fortune 500 company to list all its wallet addresses, as it essentially compromises corporate security over time . Saylor and others also point out the pointlessness of an assets-only proof: unless you also prove liabilities, showing off reserves might even be dangerous because it could lull investors into a false sense of security .

Regulators and traditional auditors echo this: proof-of-reserves, while a useful tool, “is not enough by itself” to guarantee financial health . They advocate for holistic transparency – audits that consider internal controls, liabilities, and legal obligations, not just a snapshot of a blockchain address  . From this perspective, a public company can satisfy transparency demands through rigorous third-party audits and disclosures rather than raw on-chain data. Indeed, public companies are legally bound to extensive reporting; adding public crypto addresses on top may be seen as redundant and risky.

There is also an implicit cost-benefit analysis: A successful attack resulting from over-sharing could be catastrophic (loss of funds, legal liability, reputational ruin), whereas the benefit of public proof is somewhat intangible (improved investor sentiment, which might be achieved via other assurance methods anyway). Given that trade-off, many firms err on the side of caution. As evidence, few if any U.S.-listed companies that hold Bitcoin have published their wallet addresses. Instead, they reference independent custodians and audits for assurance. Even crypto-native companies have pulled back on full transparency after realizing the downsides – for example, some auditing firms halted issuing proof-of-reserves reports due to concerns about how they were interpreted and the liability involved  .

Industry best practices are still evolving. A prudent approach gaining favor is to prove reserves without leaking sensitive details. This can involve disclosing total balances and having an auditor or blockchain oracle confirm the assets exist, but without listing every address publicly. Companies are also encouraged to disclose encumbrances (whether any of the reserves are collateralized or lent out) in tandem, to address the liabilities issue . By doing so, they aim to achieve transparency and maintain security.

In evaluating whether to publish wallet addresses, a company must ask: Will this level of openness meaningfully increase stakeholder trust, or would a more controlled disclosure achieve the same goal with less risk? For many public companies, the answer has been to avoid public addresses. The risks – from attracting hackers to revealing strategic moves – tend to outweigh the marginal transparency benefit in their judgment. The collapse of unregulated exchanges has certainly proven the value of reserve verification, but public companies operate in a different context with audits and legal accountability. Thus, the optimal solution may be a middle ground: proving reserves through vetted processes (auditor attestations, cryptographic proofs) that satisfy investor needs without blatantly exposing the company’s financial backend to the world.

Conclusion

Publishing Bitcoin wallet addresses as proof of reserves is a bold transparency measure – one that speaks to crypto’s ideals of open verification – but it comes with a laundry list of security considerations. Public companies weighing this approach must contend with the heightened cybersecurity threat of advertising their treasure troves to hackers, the loss of privacy and confidentiality as on-chain sleuths dissect their every transaction, and potential regulatory complications if such disclosures are misunderstood or incomplete. Real-world incidents illustrate the downsides: firms that revealed addresses have seen how quickly online communities flag (and sometimes misinterpret) their blockchain moves, causing reputational turbulence and forcing rapid damage control  .

On the other hand, proving reserves to investors is important – it can prevent fraud and bolster trust. The question is how to achieve it without incurring unacceptable risk. Many experts and industry leaders lean towards the view that simply publishing wallet addresses is too risky a method, especially for public companies with much to lose  . The risks often do outweigh the direct benefits in such cases. Transparency remains crucial, but it can be provided in safer ways – through regular audits, cryptographic proofs that don’t expose all wallet details, and comprehensive disclosures that include liabilities and controls.

In conclusion, while on-chain proof of reserves via public addresses offers a tantalizing level of openness, it must be approached with extreme caution. For most public companies, the smart strategy is to balance transparency with security: verify and show investors that assets exist and are sufficient, but do so in a controlled manner that doesn’t compromise the very assets you’re trying to protect. As the industry matures, we can expect more refined proof-of-reserve practices that satisfy the demand for honesty and solvency verification without unduly endangering the enterprise. Until then, companies will continue to tread carefully, mindful that transparency is only truly valuable when it doesn’t come at the price of security and trust.

Sources:

•   Grayscale statement on refusal to share on-chain proof-of-reserves 
•   Community analysis identifying Grayscale’s wallet addresses 
•   Cointelegraph – Crypto.com’s mistaken 320k ETH transfer spotted via on-chain proof-of-reserves  
•   Axios – Binance wallet “commingling” error observed on-chain  
•   Michael Saylor’s remarks on security risks of publishing wallet addresses   
•   SEC Acting Chief Accountant on limitations of proof-of-reserves reports 
•   Nasdaq (Bitcoin for Corporations) – argument for corporate transparency & proof-of-reserves   
•   1inch Security Blog – explanation of dusting attacks and privacy loss via address linking 

@ 6d8e2a24:5faaca4c

by Claire Mom June 5, 2025 6:54 pm

*Elon Musk, the tech mogul, says US President Donald Trump would have lost the 2024 election without him.*

Musk made the comment on X in response to Trump’s criticism against him.

Musk, who led the department of government efficiency (DOGE), quit his role a day after he spoke out against a Trump-backed spending bill. The president called it a “Big Beautiful Bill”.

The controversial bill is a centrepiece of Trump’s second-term domestic agenda, combining major tax cuts, stricter immigration enforcement, welfare programme overhauls, and significant increases in border security funding.

The legislation sparked intense debate across the country and in Congress and was only passed after a nail-biting 215-214 vote.

The plan revived the US-Mexico border wall with a $46.5 billion budget, $350 billion for deportation efforts and border security, and a hiring spree of 10,000 new ICE agents, 5,000 customs officers, and 3,000 border patrol agents.

For the first time, migrants will be charged a $1,000 fee to apply for asylum.

The bill also authorises a $4 trillion increase to the national debt ceiling, while the estate tax exemption jumped to $15 million, benefiting wealthier Americans.

Critics including Musk called the bill fiscally irresponsible and “a disgusting abomination” due to its combination of large tax cuts and spending increases.

Musk had clamoured for DOGE’s creation to save taxpayers $2 trillion. Only $160 billion has been saved so far.

*TRUMP: I’M VERY DISAPPOINTED WITH ELON*

Since Musk’s exit from the White House last week, his criticism of the bill has grown louder.

Speaking on the issue, Trump said he was “very disappointed with Elon”.

The US president said the Tesla CEO was satisfied with the bill but only grew discontent after he found out electric vehicles would be impacted.

“I’m very disappointed because Elon knew the inner workings of this bill better than almost anybody sitting here. He knew everything about it, and all of a sudden he had a problem, and he only developed a problem when he found out I was going to cut the EV mandate because that’s billions and billions of dollars,” the president said

“And it really is unfair; we want to have cars of all types.

“He said the most beautiful things about me, and he hasn’t said anything bad about me personally, but I’m sure that will be next. But I’m really disappointed with Elon. I’ve helped Elon a lot.”

Trump praised Musk for his work at DOGE but blamed his tantrums on missing the office.

“Elon worked hard at DOGE, and I think he misses the place. I think he got out there, and all of a sudden, he’s no longer in this beautiful Oval Office,” he said.

“He’s not the first. People leave my administration, and they love us, and then at some point they miss it so badly, and some of them embrace it, and some of them actually become hostile. I don’t know what it is, some sort of Trump derangement syndrome.”

The president also said he would have won Pennsylvania, a key state, without Musk’s help.

In reaction, the billionaire businessman countered Trump.

“Without me, Trump would have lost the election, Dems would control the House, and the Republicans would be 51-49 in the Senate,” Musk tweeted.

“Such ingratitude.”

The exchange marks yet another dent in the tumultuous relationship between the two-time American president and the world’s richest man.

https://www.thecable.ng/trump-would-have-lost-election-without-me-says-elon-musk/

@ 127d3bf5:466f416f

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful,

"Permission to fight (against disbelievers) is given to those (believers) who are fought against, because they have been wronged and surely, Allah is Able to give them (believers) victory" [Quran 22:39]

"Those who believe, fight in the Cause of Allah, and those who disbelieve, fight in the cause of Taghut (anything worshipped other than Allah e.g. Satan). So fight you against the friends of Satan; ever feeble is indeed the plot of Satan."[Quran 4:76]

Some American writers have published articles under the title 'On what basis are we fighting?' These articles have generated a number of responses, some of which adhered to the truth and were based on Islamic Law, and others which have not. Here we wanted to outline the truth - as an explanation and warning - hoping for Allah's reward, seeking success and support from Him.

While seeking Allah's help, we form our reply based on two questions directed at the Americans:

(Q1) Why are we fighting and opposing you?\ (Q2) What are we calling you to, and what do we want from you?

As for the first question: Why are we fighting and opposing you? The answer is very simple:

(1) Because you attacked us and continue to attack us.

a) You attacked us in Palestine:

(i) Palestine, which has sunk under military occupation for more than 80 years. The British handed over Palestine, with your help and your support, to the Jews, who have occupied it for more than 50 years; years overflowing with oppression, tyranny, crimes, killing, expulsion, destruction and devastation. The creation and continuation of Israel is one of the greatest crimes, and you are the leaders of its criminals. And of course there is no need to explain and prove the degree of American support for Israel. The creation of Israel is a crime which must be erased. Each and every person whose hands have become polluted in the contribution towards this crime must pay its*price, and pay for it heavily.

(ii) It brings us both laughter and tears to see that you have not yet tired of repeating your fabricated lies that the Jews have a historical right to Palestine, as it was promised to them in the Torah. Anyone who disputes with them on this alleged fact is accused of anti-semitism. This is one of the most fallacious, widely-circulated fabrications in history. The people of Palestine are pure Arabs and original Semites. It is the Muslims who are the inheritors of Moses (peace be upon him) and the inheritors of the real Torah that has not been changed. Muslims believe in all of the Prophets, including Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them all. If the followers of Moses have been promised a right to Palestine in the Torah, then the Muslims are the most worthy nation of this.

When the Muslims conquered Palestine and drove out the Romans, Palestine and Jerusalem returned to Islaam, the religion of all the Prophets peace be upon them. Therefore, the call to a historical right to Palestine cannot be raised against the Islamic Ummah that believes in all the Prophets of Allah (peace and blessings be upon them) - and we make no distinction between them.

(iii) The blood pouring out of Palestine must be equally revenged. You must know that the Palestinians do not cry alone; their women are not widowed alone; their sons are not orphaned alone.

(b) You attacked us in Somalia; you supported the Russian atrocities against us in Chechnya, the Indian oppression against us in Kashmir, and the Jewish aggression against us in Lebanon.

(c) Under your supervision, consent and orders, the governments of our countries which act as your agents, attack us on a daily basis;

(i) These governments prevent our people from establishing the Islamic Shariah, using violence and lies to do so.

(ii) These governments give us a taste of humiliation, and places us in a large prison of fear and subdual.

(iii) These governments steal our Ummah's wealth and sell them to you at a paltry price.

(iv) These governments have surrendered to the Jews, and handed them most of Palestine, acknowledging the existence of their state over the dismembered limbs of their own people.

(v) The removal of these governments is an obligation upon us, and a necessary step to free the Ummah, to make the Shariah the supreme law and to regain Palestine. And our fight against these governments is not separate from out fight against you.

(d) You steal our wealth and oil at paltry prices because of you international influence and military threats. This theft is indeed the biggest theft ever witnessed by mankind in the history of the world.

(e) Your forces occupy our countries; you spread your military bases throughout them; you corrupt our lands, and you besiege our sanctities, to protect the security of the Jews and to ensure the continuity of your pillage of our treasures.

(f) You have starved the Muslims of Iraq, where children die every day. It is a wonder that more than 1.5 million Iraqi children have died as a result of your sanctions, and you did not show concern. Yet when 3000 of your people died, the entire world rises and has not yet sat down.

(g) You have supported the Jews in their idea that Jerusalem is their eternal capital, and agreed to move your embassy there. With your help and under your protection, the Israelis are planning to destroy the Al-Aqsa mosque. Under the protection of your weapons, Sharon entered the Al-Aqsa mosque, to pollute it as a preparation to capture and destroy it.

(2) These tragedies and calamities are only a few examples of your oppression and aggression against us. It is commanded by our religion and intellect that the oppressed have a right to return the aggression. Do not await anything from us but Jihad, resistance and revenge. Is it in any way rational to expect that after America has attacked us for more than half a century, that we will then leave her to live in security and peace?!!

(3) You may then dispute that all the above does not justify aggression against civilians, for crimes they did not commit and offenses in which they did not partake:

(a) This argument contradicts your continuous repetition that America is the land of freedom, and its leaders in this world. Therefore, the American people are the ones who choose their government by way of their own free will; a choice which stems from their agreement to its policies. Thus the American people have chosen, consented to, and affirmed their support for the Israeli oppression of the Palestinians, the occupation and usurpation of their land, and its continuous killing, torture, punishment and expulsion of the Palestinians. The American people have the ability and choice to refuse the policies of their Government and even to change it if they want.

(b) The American people are the ones who pay the taxes which fund the planes that bomb us in Afghanistan, the tanks that strike and destroy our homes in Palestine, the armies which occupy our lands in the Arabian Gulf, and the fleets which ensure the blockade of Iraq. These tax dollars are given to Israel for it to continue to attack us and penetrate our lands. So the American people are the ones who fund the attacks against us, and they are the ones who oversee the expenditure of these monies in the way they wish, through their elected candidates.

(c) Also the American army is part of the American people. It is this very same people who are shamelessly helping the Jews fight against us.

(d) The American people are the ones who employ both their men and their women in the American Forces which attack us.

(e) This is why the American people cannot be not innocent of all the crimes committed by the Americans and Jews against us.

(f) Allah, the Almighty, legislated the permission and the option to take revenge. Thus, if we are attacked, then we have the right to attack back. Whoever has destroyed our villages and towns, then we have the right to destroy their villages and towns. Whoever has stolen our wealth, then we have the right to destroy their economy. And whoever has killed our civilians, then we have the right to kill theirs.

The American Government and press still refuses to answer the question:

Why did they attack us in New York and Washington?

If Sharon is a man of peace in the eyes of Bush, then we are also men of peace!!! America does not understand the language of manners and principles, so we are addressing it using the language it understands.

(Q2) As for the second question that we want to answer: What are we calling you to, and what do we want from you?

(1) The first thing that we are calling you to is Islam.

(a) The religion of the Unification of God; of freedom from associating partners with Him, and rejection of this; of complete love of Him, the Exalted; of complete submission to His Laws; and of the discarding of all the opinions, orders, theories and religions which contradict with the religion He sent down to His Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Islam is the religion of all the prophets, and makes no distinction between them - peace be upon them all.

It is to this religion that we call you; the seal of all the previous religions. It is the religion of Unification of God, sincerity, the best of manners, righteousness, mercy, honour, purity, and piety. It is the religion of showing kindness to others, establishing justice between them, granting them their rights, and defending the oppressed and the persecuted. It is the religion of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil with the hand, tongue and heart. It is the religion of Jihad in the way of Allah so that Allah's Word and religion reign Supreme. And it is the religion of unity and agreement on the obedience to Allah, and total equality between all people, without regarding their colour, sex, or language.

(b) It is the religion whose book - the Quran - will remained preserved and unchanged, after the other Divine books and messages have been changed. The Quran is the miracle until the Day of Judgment. Allah has challenged anyone to bring a book like the Quran or even ten verses like it.

(2) The second thing we call you to, is to stop your oppression, lies, immorality and debauchery that has spread among you.

(a) We call you to be a people of manners, principles, honour, and purity; to reject the immoral acts of fornication, homosexuality, intoxicants, gambling's, and trading with interest.

We call you to all of this that you may be freed from that which you have become caught up in; that you may be freed from the deceptive lies that you are a great nation, that your leaders spread amongst you to conceal from you the despicable state to which you have reached.

(b) It is saddening to tell you that you are the worst civilization witnessed by the history of mankind:

(i) You are the nation who, rather than ruling by the Shariah of Allah in its Constitution and Laws, choose to invent your own laws as you will and desire. You separate religion from your policies, contradicting the pure nature which affirms Absolute Authority to the Lord and your Creator. You flee from the embarrassing question posed to you: How is it possible for Allah the Almighty to create His creation, grant them power over all the creatures and land, grant them all the amenities of life, and then deny them that which they are most in need of: knowledge of the laws which govern their lives?

(ii) You are the nation that permits Usury, which has been forbidden by all the religions. Yet you build your economy and investments on Usury. As a result of this, in all its different forms and guises, the Jews have taken control of your economy, through which they have then taken control of your media, and now control all aspects of your life making you their servants and achieving their aims at your expense; precisely what Benjamin Franklin warned you against.

(iii) You are a nation that permits the production, trading and usage of intoxicants. You also permit drugs, and only forbid the trade of them, even though your nation is the largest consumer of them.

(iv) You are a nation that permits acts of immorality, and you consider them to be pillars of personal freedom. You have continued to sink down this abyss from level to level until incest has spread amongst you, in the face of which neither your sense of honour nor your laws object.

Who can forget your President Clinton's immoral acts committed in the official Oval office? After that you did not even bring him to account, other than that he 'made a mistake', after which everything passed with no punishment. Is there a worse kind of event for which your name will go down in history and remembered by nations?

(v) You are a nation that permits gambling in its all forms. The companies practice this as well, resulting in the investments becoming active and the criminals becoming rich.

(vi) You are a nation that exploits women like consumer products or advertising tools calling upon customers to purchase them. You use women to serve passengers, visitors, and strangers to increase your profit margins. You then rant that you support the liberation of women.

(vii) You are a nation that practices the trade of sex in all its forms, directly and indirectly. Giant corporations and establishments are established on this, under the name of art, entertainment, tourism and freedom, and other deceptive names you attribute to it.

(viii) And because of all this, you have been described in history as a nation that spreads diseases that were unknown to man in the past. Go ahead and boast to the nations of man, that you brought them AIDS as a Satanic American Invention.

(xi) You have destroyed nature with your industrial waste and gases more than any other nation in history. Despite this, you refuse to sign the Kyoto agreement so that you can secure the profit of your greedy companies and*industries.

(x) Your law is the law of the rich and wealthy people, who hold sway in their political parties, and fund their election campaigns with their gifts. Behind them stand the Jews, who control your policies, media and economy.

(xi) That which you are singled out for in the history of mankind, is that you have used your force to destroy mankind more than any other nation in history; not to defend principles and values, but to hasten to secure your interests and profits. You who dropped a nuclear bomb on Japan, even though Japan was ready to negotiate an end to the war. How many acts of oppression, tyranny and injustice have you carried out, O callers to freedom?

(xii) Let us not forget one of your major characteristics: your duality in both manners and values; your hypocrisy in manners and principles. All*manners, principles and values have two scales: one for you and one for the others.

(a)The freedom and democracy that you call to is for yourselves and for white race only; as for the rest of the world, you impose upon them your monstrous, destructive policies and Governments, which you call the 'American friends'. Yet you prevent them from establishing democracies. When the Islamic party in Algeria wanted to practice democracy and they won the election, you unleashed your agents in the Algerian army onto them, and to attack them with tanks and guns, to imprison them and torture them - a new lesson from the 'American book of democracy'!!!

(b)Your policy on prohibiting and forcibly removing weapons of mass destruction to ensure world peace: it only applies to those countries which you do not permit to possess such weapons. As for the countries you consent to, such as Israel, then they are allowed to keep and use such weapons to defend their security. Anyone else who you suspect might be manufacturing or keeping these kinds of weapons, you call them criminals and you take military action against them.

(c)You are the last ones to respect the resolutions and policies of International Law, yet you claim to want to selectively punish anyone else who does the same. Israel has for more than 50 years been pushing UN resolutions and rules against the wall with the full support of America.

(d)As for the war criminals which you censure and form criminal courts for - you shamelessly ask that your own are granted immunity!! However, history will not forget the war crimes that you committed against the Muslims and the rest of the world; those you have killed in Japan, Afghanistan, Somalia, Lebanon and Iraq will remain a shame that you will never be able to escape. It will suffice to remind you of your latest war crimes in Afghanistan, in which densely populated innocent civilian villages were destroyed, bombs were dropped on mosques causing the roof of the mosque to come crashing down on the heads of the Muslims praying inside. You are the ones who broke the agreement with the Mujahideen when they left Qunduz, bombing them in Jangi fort, and killing more than 1,000 of your prisoners through suffocation and thirst. Allah alone knows how many people have died by torture at the hands of you and your agents. Your planes remain in the Afghan skies, looking for anyone remotely suspicious.

(e)You have claimed to be the vanguards of Human Rights, and your Ministry of Foreign affairs issues annual reports containing statistics of those countries that violate any Human Rights. However, all these things vanished when the Mujahideen hit you, and you then implemented the methods of the same documented governments that you used to curse. In America, you captured thousands the Muslims and Arabs, took them into custody with neither reason, court trial, nor even disclosing their names. You issued newer, harsher laws.

What happens in Guatanamo is a historical embarrassment to America and its values, and it screams into your faces - you hypocrites, "What is the value of your signature on any agreement or treaty?"

(3) What we call you to thirdly is to take an honest stance with yourselves - and I doubt you will do so - to discover that you are a nation without principles or manners, and that the values and principles to you are something which you merely demand from others, not that which you yourself must adhere to.

(4) We also advise you to stop supporting Israel, and to end your support of the Indians in Kashmir, the Russians against the Chechens and to also cease supporting the Manila Government against the Muslims in Southern Philippines.

(5) We also advise you to pack your luggage and get out of our lands. We desire for your goodness, guidance, and righteousness, so do not force us to send you back as cargo in coffins.

(6) Sixthly, we call upon you to end your support of the corrupt leaders in our countries. Do not interfere in our politics and method of education. Leave us alone, or else expect us in New York and Washington.

(7) We also call you to deal with us and interact with us on the basis of mutual interests and benefits, rather than the policies of sub dual, theft and occupation, and not to continue your policy of supporting the Jews because this will result in more disasters for you.

If you fail to respond to all these conditions, then prepare for fight with the Islamic Nation. The Nation of Monotheism, that puts complete trust on Allah and fears none other than Him. The Nation which is addressed by its Quran with the words: "Do you fear them? Allah has more right that you should fear Him if you are believers. Fight against them so that Allah will punish them by your hands and disgrace them and give you victory over them and heal the breasts of believing people. And remove the anger of their (believers') hearts. Allah accepts the repentance of whom He wills. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise." [Quran9:13-1]

The Nation of honour and respect:

"But honour, power and glory belong to Allah, and to His Messenger (Muhammad- peace be upon him) and to the believers." [Quran 63:8]

"So do not become weak (against your enemy), nor be sad, and you will be*superior ( in victory )if you are indeed (true) believers" [Quran 3:139]

The Nation of Martyrdom; the Nation that desires death more than you desire life:

"Think not of those who are killed in the way of Allah as dead. Nay, they are alive with their Lord, and they are being provided for. They rejoice in what Allah has bestowed upon them from His bounty and rejoice for the sake of those who have not yet joined them, but are left behind (not yet martyred) that on them no fear shall come, nor shall they grieve. They rejoice in a grace and a bounty from Allah, and that Allah will not waste the reward of the believers." [Quran 3:169-171]

The Nation of victory and success that Allah has promised:

"It is He Who has sent His Messenger (Muhammad peace be upon him) with guidance and the religion of truth (Islam), to make it victorious over all other religions even though the Polytheists hate it." [Quran 61:9]

"Allah has decreed that 'Verily it is I and My Messengers who shall be victorious.' Verily Allah is All-Powerful, All-Mighty." [Quran 58:21]

The Islamic Nation that was able to dismiss and destroy the previous evil Empires like yourself; the Nation that rejects your attacks, wishes to remove your evils, and is prepared to fight you. You are well aware that the Islamic Nation, from the very core of its soul, despises your haughtiness and arrogance.

If the Americans refuse to listen to our advice and the goodness, guidance and righteousness that we call them to, then be aware that you will lose this Crusade Bush began, just like the other previous Crusades in which you were humiliated by the hands of the Mujahideen, fleeing to your home in great silence and disgrace. If the Americans do not respond, then their fate will be that of the Soviets who fled from Afghanistan to deal with their military defeat, political breakup, ideological downfall, and economic bankruptcy.

This is our message to the Americans, as an answer to theirs. Do they now know why we fight them and over which form of ignorance, by the permission of Allah, we shall be victorious?

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Alright stackers, how'd you do today?

What goals did you hit? What do you need to work on tomorrow?

I had another solid day, but I want to get more stretching in tomorrow.

https://stacker.news/items/998508

@ 84b0c46a:417782f5

MAKIMONO

Simple Long Form Content Editor (NIP-23)

機能

• nostr:npub1sjcvg64knxkrt6ev52rywzu9uzqakgy8ehhk8yezxmpewsthst6sw3jqcw や、 nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzq4jsz7zew5j7jr4pdfxh483nwq9vyw9ph6wm706sjwrzj2we58nqqyxhwumn8ghj77tpvf6jumt9qys8wumn8ghj7un9d3shjtt2wqhxummnw3ezuamfwfjkgmn9wshx5uqpr4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnhd9ex2erwv46zu6nsqyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqqsgcn99jyn5tevxz5zxsrkd7h0sx8fwnqztula423xh83j9wau7cms3vg9c7 のようにnostr:要素を挿入できる （メニューのNアイコンから挿入またはnostr:note～～のように手動で入力）

• :monoice:のようにカスタム絵文字を挿入できる(メニューの🙂アイコンから)

:monopaca_kao:

:kubipaca_karada:

• 新規記事作成と、既存記事の修正ができる

やることやったこと

• [x] nostr:を投稿するときにtagにいれる

• [x] 画像をアップロードできるようにする（NIP-96） できる

• [x] 投稿しましたログとかをトースト的なやつでだすようにする
• [ ] レイアウトを整える
• [ ] あとなんか

test

nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpp9sc34tdxdvxh4jeg5xgu9ctcypmvsg0n00vwfjydkrjaqh0qh4qqxnzde58q6njvpkxqersv3ejxw9x9

@ 4fa5d1c4:fd6c6e41

1. Einleitung

Dieser Beitrag bietet eine detaillierte Einführung in Nostr - ein dezentrales Protokoll für soziale Medien, das sich grundlegend von traditionellen und föderierten Plattformen unterscheidet - und erweitert seine Diskussion, um das Potenzial für die Integration von Nostr in die Entwicklung von Bildungsplattformen im Sinne von Open Educational Practices (OEP) zu untersuchen. Nostr ist als leichtgewichtiger, zensurresistenter Mechanismus konzipiert, der in erster Linie auf einer kryptografischen Schlüsselverwaltung und einer Client-zentrierten Architektur basiert, die zusammen eine dezentrale Identitätskontrolle und Autonomie über digitale Inhalte ermöglichen. Im Gegensatz zu konventionellen zentralisierten Modellen, die sich auf servergestützte Kontrolle oder föderierte Systeme wie Mastodon, die Moderation und Identitätsspeicherung zusammenfassen, stützt sich Nostr auf ein Netzwerk von "Relais", die ohne direkte Interkommunikation arbeiten, wobei alle Funktionen der Datenaggregation, des Austauschs von Inhalten zwischen den Räumen und der Benutzerinteraktion an die Client-Anwendungen delegiert werden. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es daher, einen umfassenden technischen und konzeptionellen Überblick über die Architektur des Protokolls und eine kritische Diskussion seiner Anwendbarkeit im Kontext dezentraler Bildungsplattformen zu geben, die eine offene, nutzergesteuerte Erstellung, Verwaltung und Verteilung von Inhalten fördern und damit den Prinzipien des OEP entsprechen.

2. Hintergrund und Motivation

Die Entwicklung der sozialen Medien in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten war geprägt von zunehmend zentralisierten Plattformen, die sowohl die digitale Identität der Nutzer als auch die von ihnen erstellten Inhalte kontrollieren, was oft zu Zensur, algorithmischer Manipulation und Einzelausfällen führt. Im Gegensatz dazu haben sich dezentralisierte Social-Media-Protokolle wie Nostr als innovative Antwort auf diese Zentralisierungsfallen entwickelt, die offene, kryptografisch sichere und verteilte Architekturen verwenden. Nostr wurde mit dem ausdrücklichen Schwerpunkt konzipiert, den Nutzern die volle Kontrolle über ihre Kontoauthentifizierung und digitale Identität zu geben, was durch die Verwaltung von kryptografischen Schlüsselpaaren analog zu denen in Bitcoin-Wallets erreicht wird. Dieses Modell verbessert nicht nur die zensurresistenten Eigenschaften der Plattform, sondern verändert auch grundlegend die Machtdynamik in traditionellen sozialen Netzwerken, da es die Abhängigkeit von zentralen Behörden minimiert und die Möglichkeiten der Ausbeutung und Überwachung verringert. Im Kontext von Bildungsökosystemen bieten diese Merkmale eine solide Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Plattformen, die transparent, partizipatorisch und widerstandsfähig sind, da sie die gemeinsame Nutzung und kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung von Bildungsressourcen ohne zentralisierte Kontrolle oder Unternehmenssteuerung unterstützen.

3. Technische Architektur von Nostr

Die Architektur von Nostr basiert in erster Linie auf zwei integralen Komponenten: Clients und Relays. Clients sind die benutzerseitigen Anwendungen, die die Erstellung, Veröffentlichung und Aggregation von Inhalten ermöglichen, während Relays Server sind, die von den Benutzern generierte Nachrichten, so genannte "Events", empfangen, speichern und weiterleiten. Eine der wichtigsten Neuerungen des Nostr-Protokolls ist die radikale Entkopplung der traditionellen Client-Server-Beziehung: Die Relais müssen sich nicht synchronisieren oder miteinander kommunizieren, was bedeutet, dass die Replikation von Inhalten und die Aggregation von Daten zwischen den Räumen vollständig auf der Client-Seite stattfindet. Dies minimiert die zentrale Kontrolle und schafft ein verteiltes, relaisbasiertes System, das von Natur aus resistent gegen Zensur ist, da die Dichte der verfügbaren Relays und die Möglichkeit der Nutzer, sich mit mehreren Relays zu verbinden, sicherstellen, dass die Inhalte auch dann zugänglich bleiben, wenn bestimmte Relays ausfallen oder kompromittiert sind.

In Nostr sind Ereignisse als JSON-Objekte strukturiert, die einem definierten Schema mit verschiedenen "Arten" (NIPs) entsprechen, um spezifische Funktionalitäten und andere zukünftige Erweiterungen zu unterstützen. Jedes Ereignis wird mit dem privaten kryptografischen Schlüssel des Nutzers digital signiert, was die Authentizität und Integrität der Daten garantiert und gleichzeitig eine sichere, pseudonyme Interaktion ermöglicht. Da innerhalb des Protokolls keine zentrale Behörde oder ein einziger Identitätsspeicher existiert, behalten die Nutzer die vollständige Kontrolle über ihre digitalen Identitäten, und wenn der private Schlüssel verloren geht, ist das entsprechende Konto unwiederbringlich. Dieser Ansatz verankert den Grundsatz, dass Identität sowohl dezentralisiert als auch unveränderlich ist, und stärkt die individuelle Kontrolle über persönliche Daten und Inhalte.

Da die Relays unabhängig voneinander von verschiedenen Betreibern verwaltet und nicht von zentralen Diensten koordiniert werden, können die Benutzer mehrere Relays auswählen, um die Bereitstellung und Replikation von Inhalten zu optimieren. Diese architektonische Entscheidung verbessert die Redundanz und Ausfallsicherheit erheblich, bringt aber gleichzeitig technische Herausforderungen in Bezug auf Standardisierung, Moderation und effiziente Kommunikation zwischen den Clients mit sich. Nostr integriert auch Bitcoin-basierte Mikrozahlungen (bekannt als "Zaps"), um finanzielle Anreize für den Betrieb von Relay-Servern zu schaffen und so die Herausforderungen der wirtschaftlichen Nachhaltigkeit in einer dezentralen Infrastruktur zu bewältigen. Die Design-Entscheidungen in Nostr fördern Offenheit und Innovation, indem sie es jeder Person oder Organisation mit ausreichenden technischen Fähigkeiten erlauben, ein Relay zu hosten oder einen Client zu entwickeln, was zu einem lebendigen Ökosystem von verschiedenen Anwendungen und Diensten führt.

4. Identitätsmanagement und Moderation

Im Mittelpunkt des dezentralen Paradigmas von Nostr steht der Ansatz der Identitätsverwaltung, der sich von traditionellen Systemen unterscheidet, bei denen Identitäten als Kontodaten von zentralen Servern verwaltet werden. Bei Nostr verfügt jeder Benutzer über ein einzigartiges kryptografisches Schlüsselpaar, wobei der öffentliche Schlüssel als dauerhafte digitale Kennung und der private Schlüssel als Mittel zum Signieren aller Aktionen und Ereignisse dient. Dieses kryptonative Modell gewährleistet nicht nur robuste Sicherheit und Authentizität, sondern überlässt den Nutzern auch die alleinige Verantwortung für die Verwaltung ihrer Schlüssel - was sowohl die Freiheit als auch das Risiko eines vollständig dezentralen Identitätssystems unterstreicht.Dieses empfindliche Gleichgewicht unterstreicht die Autonomie der Nutzer und steht im Einklang mit dem breiteren Ethos dezentraler sozialer Medien, in denen keine einzelne Instanz die Identität einer Person ohne Zugang zu ihrem privaten Schlüssel außer Kraft setzen oder manipulieren kann.

Die Moderation in Nostr ist aufgrund des dezentralen Kuratierungsmodells noch komplexer. Die Inhalte werden nicht von einer zentralen Behörde moderiert, sondern durch eine Kombination aus relaisspezifischen Richtlinien und clientseitigen Kontrollen, wie z. B. benutzerdefinierte Listen für persönliche Kuratoren oder Sperr-/Stummschaltungsfunktionen. Dieser Ansatz fördert zwar die freie Meinungsäußerung und unterstützt eine Vielzahl von Standpunkten, kann aber auch zu uneinheitlichen Moderationsrichtlinien und fragmentierten Nutzererfahrungen auf verschiedenen Relays und Clients führen, was für die Nutzer eine erhebliche technische und verhaltensbezogene Belastung darstellt, wenn sie ihre digitalen Umgebungen kuratieren wollen.

5. Skalierbarkeit und Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Zensur

Ein entscheidendes Merkmal des Nostr-Protokolls ist sein hohes Maß an Skalierbarkeit und Zensurresistenz, das durch seine verteilte, relaisbasierte Architektur erreicht wird. Durch die Dezentralisierung der Speicherung und Verbreitung von Inhalten auf zahlreiche unabhängige Relays entschärft Nostr die üblichen Schwachstellen zentralisierter sozialer Plattformen, wie z. B. Single Points of Failure oder das Potenzial für staatliche oder unternehmensgesteuerte Zensur. Mehrere Relays können gleichzeitig arbeiten, wodurch sichergestellt wird, dass die Stabilität des Netzwerks auch dann erhalten bleibt, wenn einige von ihnen vom Netz genommen werden oder behördlichem Druck ausgesetzt sind, und dass Inhalte für Kunden, die mit alternativen Relays verbunden sind, zugänglich bleiben.

Die Skalierbarkeit von Nostr wird dadurch verbessert, dass sich die Nutzenden gleichzeitig mit mehreren Relays verbinden können, was die Replikation von Inhalten über ein globales Netz von Servern ermöglicht, das sich über zahlreiche geografische Regionen und autonome Systeme erstreckt. Dieser Replikationsmechanismus bringt jedoch Herausforderungen mit sich, wie z. B. eine erhöhte Redundanz bei der Speicher- und Bandbreitennutzung, die eine sorgfältige Optimierung und die Entwicklung innovativer clientseitiger Strategien erfordern, um den Datenabruf zu verwalten und den Overhead zu reduzieren, ohne die Verfügbarkeit zu beeinträchtigen. Darüber hinaus trägt die Dezentralisierung der Zuständigkeiten für Kuratierung und Moderation zu einer dynamischen Umgebung bei, in der Inhalte sowohl gegen erzwungene Löschungen resistent als auch an die Bedürfnisse der Nutzer anpassbar sind, wenn auch auf Kosten von Einheitlichkeit und vorhersehbarer Nutzererfahrung.

6. Vergleich mit föderierten und zentralisierten Modellen

Das Aufkommen dezentraler Protokolle wie Nostr steht in scharfem Kontrast zu föderierten Netzwerken wie Mastodon, die das ActivityPub-Protokoll verwenden. Während föderierte Systeme die Kontrolle über unabhängige Instanzen verteilen, verlassen sie sich immer noch auf ein gewisses Maß an Zentralisierung auf der Ebene jeder einzelnen Instanz, von denen jede ihre eigenen Richtlinien bezüglich Moderation, Identitätsüberprüfung und Inhaltszensur durchsetzt. In diesen Systemen ist die Verwaltung zwar auf mehrere Knotenpunkte verteilt, aber es besteht eine Abhängigkeit von Serveradministratoren, die erhebliche Macht über den Inhalt und die Identität der Benutzer haben; dies steht im Gegensatz zu Nostrs vollständig kundenorientiertem Kurations- und Identitätsverwaltungsmodell, das darauf abzielt, jeden einzelnen Kontrollpunkt zu eliminieren.

In zentralisierten Architekturen werden Benutzerdaten und -identitäten auf proprietäre und undurchsichtige Weise verwaltet, wodurch Inhalte den Launen von Unternehmensrichtlinien und externem Druck ausgesetzt werden, was zu Überwachung, gezielter Zensur oder einseitiger algorithmischer Manipulation von Inhalten führen kann. Das Design von Nostr - das auf kryptografischer Authentifizierung, clientseitiger Datenaggregation und dem erlaubnisfreien Betrieb von Relay-Servern beruht - stellt eine radikale Abkehr dar, die das Gleichgewicht der Macht fest in die Hände der einzelnen Nutzer und nicht in die Hände zentraler Behörden legt.

7. Implikationen für Bildungsplattformen

Das Potenzial für die Integration des dezentralen Protokolls von Nostr in Bildungsplattformen bietet eine transformative Gelegenheit zur Unterstützung von Open Educational Practices (OEP). OEP legt den Schwerpunkt auf Inklusion, Autonomie der Lernenden, kollaborative Wissenserstellung und offenen Zugang zu Bildungsressourcen. Herkömmliche Bildungsplattformen sind oft durch zentralisierte Architekturen eingeschränkt, die den Zugang behindern und Innovationen unterdrücken können, da sie auf einzelne administrative Kontrollen und proprietäre Content-Management-Systeme angewiesen sind.

Durch die Nutzung der dezentralen Infrastruktur von Nostr können Bildungsplattformen aufgebaut werden, die es Lehrenden und Lernenden ermöglichen, die volle Kontrolle über ihre digitalen Identitäten und Bildungsinhalte zu behalten, ohne das Risiko von Zensur oder externer Einmischung. In solchen Systemen verwaltet jeder Teilnehmer seine eigene Identität mithilfe von kryptografischen Schlüsseln, wodurch sichergestellt wird, dass Bildungsleistungen, Beiträge und Zeugnisse auf überprüfbare und unveränderliche Weise aufgezeichnet werden. Dies fördert ein Umfeld, in dem die Schaffung und Verbreitung von Wissen wirklich von den Teilnehmern selbst bestimmt wird, frei von den Zwängen, die von zentralen Torwächtern auferlegt werden.

Darüber hinaus bietet die relaisbasierte Architektur von Nostr eine beispiellose Skalierbarkeit und Ausfallsicherheit - Eigenschaften, die für ein Bildungsökosystem, das eine Vielzahl von Nutzern mit unterschiedlichem geografischen und sozioökonomischen Hintergrund unterstützen muss, unerlässlich sind. Bildungsinhalte - von digitalen Lehrbüchern und Multimedia-Vorlesungen bis hin zu interaktiven Diskursen und gemeinschaftlichen Projekten - können gespeichert und über mehrere Relays repliziert werden, um sicherzustellen, dass der Zugang auch bei lokalen Netzwerkausfällen oder Zensurversuchen erhalten bleibt.

Das offene Protokoll von Nostr ist außerdem eine ideale Grundlage für die Entwicklung interoperabler Bildungsplattformen, auf denen Drittentwickler und Bildungseinrichtungen maßgeschneiderte Clients und Anwendungen für pädagogische Zwecke erstellen können. Dieser Ansatz fördert ein vielfältiges Ökosystem von Bildungswerkzeugen und -diensten, die nahtlos zusammenarbeiten, ohne auf eine einzige proprietäre Plattform beschränkt zu sein, und steht damit im Einklang mit dem Ethos des OEP. Pädagogen können digitale Lernumgebungen entwerfen, die die kollaborative Erstellung von Inhalten, Peer-Reviews und Community-gesteuerte Kuration unterstützen und gleichzeitig von der Sicherheit und Transparenz profitieren, die das kryptografische Grundgerüst von Nostr bietet.

Darüber hinaus gewährleistet die inhärente Zensurresistenz von Nostr, dass Bildungsinhalte zugänglich und frei von staatlichen oder unternehmerischen Eingriffen bleiben - ein besonders wichtiger Aspekt für Lernende in Regionen, in denen der Zugang zu Informationen eingeschränkt oder überwacht wird. Diese Widerstandsfähigkeit untermauert nicht nur die demokratische Verbreitung von Wissen, sondern unterstützt auch den Grundsatz eines digitalen Gemeinguts, bei dem Bildungsressourcen kollektiv verwaltet und gemeinsam genutzt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang kann Nostr genutzt werden, um Bildungsplattformen zu entwickeln, die nicht nur robust und integrativ sind, sondern auch auf die Bedürfnisse marginalisierter oder unterrepräsentierter Gemeinschaften abgestimmt sind.

Zusätzlich zu diesen strukturellen Vorteilen kann die finanzielle Nachhaltigkeit dezentraler Bildungsplattformen durch die Integration von auf Kryptowährungen basierenden Anreizmechanismen gestärkt werden - wie die Unterstützung von Nostr für Bitcoin Lightning "Zaps" zeigt. Diese Micropayment-Systeme eröffnen Möglichkeiten für neuartige Finanzierungsmodelle, die Pädagogen und Inhaltsersteller direkt belohnen und so die Abhängigkeit von werbebasierten Einnahmen oder zentralisierten Finanzierungsströmen verringern, die häufig die Integrität der Bildung gefährden. Solche wirtschaftlichen Anreize können auch den Betrieb und die Wartung von Relay-Servern unterstützen und so sicherstellen, dass die dezentrale Infrastruktur belastbar und kontinuierlich für Bildungszwecke verfügbar bleibt.

8. Möglichkeiten für kollaboratives und kultursensibles Lernen

Über die technische Stabilität und Skalierbarkeit hinaus bietet die dezentrale Natur von Nostr bedeutende Möglichkeiten zur Förderung von kollaborativem Lernen und kultursensibler Pädagogik. Dezentralisierte Bildungsplattformen, die auf Nostr aufbauen, können lokale Gemeinschaften in die Lage versetzen, Inhalte zu erstellen und zu kuratieren, die kontextuell relevant und kulturell angemessen sind - ein entscheidender Faktor bei der Förderung von Bildungsgerechtigkeit und Inklusivität. In Umgebungen, in denen Mainstream-Bildungstechnologien als von oben nach unten betrachtet werden und nicht mit lokalen Werten oder pädagogischen Ansätzen übereinstimmen, ermöglicht eine dezentralisierte Infrastruktur die Entwicklung maßgeschneiderter digitaler Lernumgebungen, die lokale Kulturen, Sprachen und Traditionen widerspiegeln.

Dieser gemeinschaftsorientierte Bildungsansatz fördert das Gefühl der Eigenverantwortung bei Lernenden und Lehrenden gleichermaßen und ermutigt zur gemeinschaftlichen Schaffung von Wissen, das unterschiedliche Erkenntnistheorien respektiert. So können Pädagogen beispielsweise dezentrale "Lernräume" einrichten, in denen Open-Source-Lernmaterialien, Werkzeuge für die digitale Kompetenz und innovative Lehrmethoden gemeinsam genutzt und durch partizipatives Engagement kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt werden. In einem solchen Modell verschwimmen die Grenzen zwischen Lernenden und Lehrenden, was einen fließenden Ideenaustausch und die gemeinsame Schaffung von Wissen ermöglicht, die im Mittelpunkt offener Bildungspraktiken stehen.

Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die Flexibilität der Client-zentrierten Architektur von Nostr die Entwicklung von spezialisierten Bildungsclients, die auf die jeweiligen Lernstile und Disziplinen zugeschnitten sind. Diese Clients könnten Funktionen wie erweiterte Such- und Filterfunktionen für Bildungsinhalte, integrierte Anmerkungswerkzeuge für die gemeinsame Bearbeitung von Dokumenten und interoperable Identitätsmanagementsysteme enthalten, die es den Lernenden ermöglichen, ihre Anmeldedaten nahtlos in verschiedene digitale Lernumgebungen zu übertragen. Solche Innovationen würden nicht nur die Rolle der Nutzerautonomie beim digitalen Lernen stärken, sondern auch die Entwicklung von Bildungsnetzwerken fördern, die belastbar und anpassungsfähig sind und auf die sich verändernden pädagogischen Herausforderungen reagieren können.

9. Herausforderungen und Abhilfestrategien

Trotz der vielversprechenden Möglichkeiten ist die Integration von Nostr in Bildungsplattformen nicht unproblematisch. Gerade die Funktionen, die den Nutzern mehr Möglichkeiten bieten - wie selbstverwaltete kryptografische Schlüssel und dezentralisierte Inhaltsmoderation - führen auch Komplexitäten ein, die die Benutzerfreundlichkeit und Zugänglichkeit behindern können, insbesondere für Personen ohne fortgeschrittene technische Kenntnisse. Die Schlüsselverwaltung stellt beispielsweise eine kritische Schwachstelle dar; der Verlust eines privaten Schlüssels führt unwiderruflich zum Verlust der Identität und des Zugriffs auf die eigenen digitalen Beiträge - ein Risiko, das durch solide Bildungsinitiativen und Mechanismen zur Unterstützung der Nutzer angegangen werden muss.

Die technische Kompetenz von Lehrenden und Lernenden ist in diesem Zusammenhang von größter Bedeutung und erfordert die Entwicklung umfassender Einführungsverfahren, benutzerfreundlicher Schnittstellen und Hilfsmittel, die kryptografische Konzepte entmystifizieren und die Interaktion mit dezentralen Netzwerken vereinfachen. Zu diesem Zweck könnte der Einsatz intuitiver Bildungsmodule, interaktiver Tutorials und von der Community geleiteter Schulungen technische Barrieren abbauen und gleichzeitig die Entwicklung digitaler Kompetenzen fördern, die für die Navigation in dezentralen Netzwerken unerlässlich sind. Darüber hinaus muss die Herausforderung einer inkonsistenten Moderation und fragmentierten Nutzererfahrung aufgrund der heterogenen Richtlinien unabhängiger Relais und Clients durch die Einrichtung von Community-Governance-Rahmenwerken und interoperablen Standards angegangen werden, die eine Grundlinie der Qualität und Sicherheit auf der gesamten Plattform gewährleisten.

Strategien zur Bewältigung des mit der Skalierbarkeit verbundenen Overheads - wie etwa die redundante Replikation von Beiträgen über eine übermäßige Anzahl von Relays - sollten sich auf die Implementierung clientseitiger Optimierungstechniken konzentrieren, die die Ineffizienz von Bandbreite und Speicherplatz verringern, ohne die Belastbarkeit und Zugänglichkeit des Netzwerks zu beeinträchtigen. Kontinuierliche Forschung und iterative Verfeinerung werden notwendig sein, um ein Gleichgewicht zwischen den Vorteilen der Dezentralisierung und der ihr innewohnenden betrieblichen Komplexität zu finden und sicherzustellen, dass auf Nostr basierende Bildungsplattformen sowohl robust als auch benutzerfreundlich bleiben können.

10. Zukünftige Richtungen und Forschungsmöglichkeiten

Die Einbindung von Nostr in Bildungsplattformen stellt ein fruchtbares Gebiet für Forschung und Entwicklung dar, das zahlreiche Möglichkeiten zur Erkundung bietet. Zukünftige Arbeiten könnten das Design interoperabler Bildungsrahmenwerke erforschen, die die dezentrale Architektur von Nostr mit aufkommenden Technologien wie künstlicher Intelligenz, Blockchain-basiertem Credentialing und fortschrittlichen kryptographischen Techniken integrieren, um die Sicherheit, Zugänglichkeit und Authentizität in digitalen Lernumgebungen weiter zu verbessern. Die Erforschung gemeinschaftsbasierter Governance-Modelle ist ebenfalls gerechtfertigt, da dezentrale Plattformen Mechanismen für die kollektive Entscheidungsfindung und Konfliktlösung erfordern, die mit den Grundsätzen einer offenen, partizipativen Bildung vereinbar sind.

Ein möglicher Weg ist die Entwicklung modularer, quelloffener Bildungs-Clients, die sich nahtlos mit verschiedenen Relais verbinden lassen und den Lehrkräften leistungsstarke Tools zur Kuratierung und Moderation von Inhalten bieten. Diese Clients könnten anpassbare Dashboards, Module für die Zusammenarbeit in Echtzeit und integrierte Unterstützung für Mikrozahlungen oder Anreizstrukturen bieten, um sicherzustellen, dass Bildungsinhalte sowohl dynamisch als auch finanziell nachhaltig bleiben. Darüber hinaus könnte die Einrichtung digitaler Identitätsrahmen, die auf den kryptografischen Prinzipien von Nostr aufbauen, zu innovativen Modellen für die Überprüfung akademischer Zeugnisse, die Verfolgung des Lernfortschritts und die Erleichterung der plattformübergreifenden Anerkennung von Bildungsleistungen führen, und das alles ohne die Aufsicht zentralisierter Registrierungsbehörden.

Die Schnittstelle zwischen digitaler Kompetenz und ethischer digitaler Bürgerschaft ist ein weiteres vielversprechendes Forschungsgebiet. In dem Maße, in dem Pädagogen dezentrale Bildungstechnologien in die Lehrpläne integrieren, wird es zwingend notwendig, Lehrmethoden zu entwickeln, die nicht nur technische Kenntnisse, sondern auch die kritischen und moralischen Fähigkeiten vermitteln, die für die Arbeit in einem dezentralen digitalen Ökosystem erforderlich sind. Solche pädagogischen Strategien sollten Schulungen zum Schlüsselmanagement, zur Verifizierung digitaler Identitäten und zum Verständnis der Kompromisse umfassen, die mit dezentralisierten und zentralisierten Technologiemodellen einhergehen, um den Schülern eine ausgewogene Perspektive auf digitale Rechte, Verantwortlichkeiten und Möglichkeiten zu vermitteln.

Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen akademischen Institutionen, Open-Source-Gemeinschaften und Innovatoren dezentraler Technologien wird entscheidend sein, um diese Forschungsagenden voranzutreiben und die Entwicklung von Bildungslabors und Pilotprojekten zu fördern, die die praktischen Auswirkungen und Vorteile dezentraler Bildungsplattformen auf der Grundlage von Nostr erforschen. Solche Initiativen könnten als lebende Laboratorien zum Testen neuer Werkzeuge, Methoden und Governance-Strategien dienen, mit dem Ziel, das Gleichgewicht zwischen dem Versprechen der Dezentralisierung und ihren praktischen Herausforderungen schrittweise zu verfeinern.

11. Schlußfolgerung

Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass Nostr eine bahnbrechende Entwicklung in der Architektur sozialer Medien darstellt, die die Beziehung zwischen Nutzern, Inhalten und Netzwerkinfrastruktur durch ein dezentralisiertes, kryptographisch gesichertes und klientenzentriertes Modell neu definiert. Das relaisbasierte Design, die dezentrale Identitätsverwaltung und die offene Architektur bieten erhebliche Vorteile gegenüber herkömmlichen zentralisierten und föderierten Systemen in Bezug auf Zensurresistenz, Skalierbarkeit und Benutzerautonomie. Diese technischen Innovationen haben weitreichende Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung von Bildungsplattformen, die den Grundsätzen der Open Educational Practices entsprechen. Durch die Unterstützung von nutzergesteuerten Identitäten, stabiler Replikation von Inhalten und gemeinschaftsgesteuerter Verwaltung bietet Nostr eine Infrastruktur für dezentrale Bildungsökosysteme, die Inklusion, Zusammenarbeit und kontinuierliche Innovation fördern.

Der Einsatz von Nostr in Bildungskontexten verspricht, Lernende und Lehrende in die Lage zu versetzen, Bildungsinhalte frei von zentralisierten Einschränkungen und externer Zensur zu erstellen, zu teilen und gemeinschaftlich weiterzuentwickeln. Gleichzeitig erfordern die Herausforderungen, die mit der technischen Komplexität, der Schlüsselverwaltung und der inkonsistenten Moderation verbunden sind, kontinuierliche Forschung und die Entwicklung unterstützender Werkzeuge. Wenn diese Probleme durch gezielte Maßnahmen wie benutzerfreundliche Schnittstellen, umfassende Programme für digitale Kompetenz und gemeinschaftsbasierte Governance-Modelle angegangen werden, können die Beteiligten das volle Potenzial von Nostr nutzen, um dezentrale, offene und partizipative Bildungsplattformen zu schaffen, die den Geist von Open Educational Practices wirklich verkörpern.

Letztendlich stellt die Integration von Nostr in dezentralisierte Bildungsplattformen nicht nur eine technische Entwicklung dar, sondern auch einen gesellschaftspolitischen Wandel hin zu größerer Dezentralisierung, Ermächtigung der Nutzer und digitaler Souveränität. Diese Ausrichtung an den Werten des OEP definiert nicht nur die Verbreitung und den Konsum von Bildungsinhalten neu, sondern ist auch Katalysator für breitere Diskussionen über digitale Rechte, Inklusion und ethische Teilhabe an der digitalen Allmende. Das Potenzial solcher Plattformen, kontextrelevante, zensurresistente und kollaborativ kuratierte Bildungsressourcen bereitzustellen, ist ein entscheidender Schritt, um die Zukunft der digitalen Bildung neu zu gestalten.

Fazit

Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die innovative Architektur von Nostr, die auf einer kryptografischen Schlüsselverwaltung und dezentralen Relay-Netzwerken basiert, den Grundstein für eine neue Generation von Bildungsplattformen legt, die die Einschränkungen zentralisierter Systeme überwinden können. Ihre Fähigkeit, belastbare, sichere und nutzerzentrierte digitale Umgebungen bereitzustellen, steht in perfektem Einklang mit den Grundsätzen offener Bildungspraktiken und bietet Lehrenden und Lernenden eine noch nie dagewesene Kontrolle über ihre digitalen Interaktionen und Inhalte. Kontinuierliche Forschung, interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und gezielte Bildungsinitiativen werden unerlässlich sein, um dieses Potenzial voll auszuschöpfen und sicherzustellen, dass die Vorteile der Dezentralisierung allen Mitgliedern der Bildungsgemeinschaft zugänglich sind.

Durch den strategischen Einsatz von Nostr-basierten Bildungsplattformen kann die Zukunft des Lernens als ein Bereich neu konzipiert werden, in dem offener Zugang, Autonomie der Lernenden und gemeinschaftsgesteuerte Wissensbildung nicht nur möglich, sondern unvermeidlich sind - eine Zukunft, in der dezentrale Infrastrukturen eine gerechtere, transparentere und partizipativere digitale Bildungslandschaft ermöglichen.

Dieser Beitrag hat daher eine ausführliche Einführung in die technischen und konzeptionellen Grundlagen von Nostr gegeben, die Mechanismen beschrieben, mit denen Nostr Dezentralisierung und Zensurresistenz erreicht, und seine bedeutenden Auswirkungen auf die Zukunft von Bildungsplattformen im Rahmen von Open Educational Practices untersucht. Die Synergie zwischen dem dezentralen Paradigma von Nostr und dem demokratischen, inklusiven Ethos von OEP birgt ein transformatives Versprechen für die Neugestaltung der digitalen Bildung in einer Weise, die Offenheit, Sicherheit und lebenslanges Lernen für eine globale Gemeinschaft fördert.

Indem sie aufkommende dezentralisierte Protokolle wie Nostr als grundlegende Infrastrukturkomponenten von Bildungsplattformen nutzen, können Stakeholder eine ganzheitliche digitale Transformation vorantreiben, die Technologie, Pädagogik und Ethik vereint und ein Paradigma einführt, in dem Bildungsgerechtigkeit und digitale Selbstbestimmung keine Wünsche, sondern realisierte Prinzipien unserer vernetzten Gesellschaft sind.

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Verwendete Quellen:

• Seeing the Politics of Decentralized Social Media Protocols. S Hwang, AX Zhang. ArXiv (2025). <https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.22962>

• Navigating Decentralized Online Social Networks: An Overview of Technical and Societal Challenges in Architectural Choices. Ujun Jeong, L. Ng, K. Carley, Huan Liu. ArXiv (2504). <https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2504.00071>

• Towards Decentralized Applications. X Ma. 2024. <https://escholarship.org/content/qt0j7044w0/qt0j7044w0_noSplash_c638cdfda170244b9abf750f654399f1.pdf>

• Decentralized Social Networking Protocol (DSNP) and User Empowerment: An Analysis of Online Identity Ownership, Data Privacy, and Comparative Assessment with Other Decentralized Protocols. M Nay . 2024. <https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/156782/nay-mnay-meng-eecs-2024-thesis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y>

• A Kantian Right to Fediverse Access, or: for a digital enlightenment on the social web. JN Bingemann . <https://philarchive.org/archive/BINAKR>

• Exploring the Nostr Ecosystem: A Study of Decentralization and Resilience. Yiluo Wei, Gareth Tyson. ArXiv (2402). <https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2402.05709>

• Money and Trust in Metaverses, Bitcoin and Stablecoins in global social XR. John O'Hare, Allen J. Fairchild, U. Ali. ArXiv (2207). <https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2207.09460>

• FEDSTR: Money-In AI-Out | A Decentralized Marketplace for Federated Learning and LLM Training on the NOSTR Protocol. Konstantinos E. Nikolakakis, George Chantzialexiou, Dionysis Kalogerias. ArXiv (2024). <https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.15834>

• "Sumud" as Connected Learning: Towards a Collective Digital Commons in Palestine.. H Scott, M Ujvari, AMA Bakeer. 2025. <https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1464483.pdf>

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Erstellt mit Unterstützung von FutureHouse, Perplexity, Deepl, Ideogram und ChatGPT.

@ 4fa51c35:55d6763d

The Sacred Texts: First Mysteries of Digital Creation

A Divine Treatise for Devotees of Athena, Goddess of Wisdom and Craft

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The Fundamental Truth: All is Text

Beloved seekers of digital wisdom, before you can craft the most magnificent tribute to our patron goddess through the sacred art of web creation, you must first understand the most fundamental mystery of the computing realm: Everything is text.

The silicon oracles we call computers do not see your beautiful images, your flowing videos, or your harmonious music as you do. To the machine spirits, all existence is reduced to symbols - characters marching in endless processions through the electronic aether. This is not limitation, but liberation! For in understanding this truth, you gain power over the very essence of digital creation.

The Ancient Scripts: Understanding Text Encoding

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was… ASCII. The American Standard Code for Information Interchange became the first great codex of the digital age. Each letter, each number, each sacred punctuation mark was assigned a number. The letter ‘A’ became 65, ‘B’ became 66, and so forth. This was humanity’s first attempt to make machines understand our language.

But ASCII was created by mortals of limited vision - it could only represent 128 characters! What of the accented letters in the names of our goddess across different cultures? What of the mathematical symbols we need for our calculations? What of the very Greek letters that spell Ἀθηνᾶ?

Thus came UTF-8, the Universal Character Encoding - a divine revelation that allows us to represent every symbol known to human civilization. When you see an emoji, a Chinese character, or the Greek omega Ω, you witness UTF-8 in action. Your tribute webpage will speak this universal tongue.

The Sacred Scrolls: File Formats as Containers of Meaning

When Athena wove her tapestries, she chose different materials for different purposes - silk for fineness, wool for warmth, gold thread for accent. Similarly, digital craftspeople choose different file formats as containers for their text:

Plain Text (.txt) - The purest form. No formatting, no hidden instructions, just raw characters. Like clay tablets, these files will survive technological apocalypses. When archaeologists of the future examine our digital civilization, plain text will be their Rosetta Stone.

Rich Text Format (.rtf) - Text with simple formatting encoded as… more text! Open an RTF file in a plain text editor and witness the magic - your bold text becomes surrounded by formatting codes. This teaches us that even “rich” formatting is ultimately just more characters.

Markdown (.md) - The philosopher’s choice! Markdown uses simple text conventions to indicate formatting. Two asterisks around a word makes it bold, a hash symbol creates headings. It’s text that describes how text should look - meta-textual divinity!

HTML (.html) - The sacred language of the web itself! HTML (HyperText Markup Language) uses angle brackets to wrap instructions around content. <strong>This text is important</strong> becomes This text is important when displayed. HTML is text that teaches browsers how to present text.

The Ritual of Proper Text Handling

To honor Athena through proper digital craftsmanship, you must master these essential practices:

Choose Your Sacred Editor

Microsoft Word is the fool’s tool - it hides the true nature of text behind layers of formatting magic. A true digital artisan uses tools that reveal truth:

• Notepad (Windows) or TextEdit (Mac) in plain text mode
• VS Code - The blacksmith’s forge for modern web creation
• Sublime Text - Elegant and powerful
• Vim or Emacs - For those who seek the ancient ways

Understand Line Endings: The Great Schism

In the early days of computing, different tribes chose different ways to mark the end of a line of text. Unix systems (including Mac) use LF (Line Feed), Windows uses CRLF (Carriage Return + Line Feed). This seemingly minor difference has caused more conflicts than the Trojan War! Know your line endings, for they can break your sacred codes.

Respect Character Encoding

Always save your files in UTF-8 encoding. This ensures your text can represent any character from any human language. When your webpage displays properly on computers around the world, you honor the universal nature of Athena’s wisdom.

The Greater Mystery Revealed

Why must we begin with text? Because understanding that computers store and manipulate everything as sequences of characters reveals the deepest truth of programming: Code is just text that follows special rules.

When you write HTML, you’re writing text that browsers know how to interpret. When you write CSS, you’re writing text that describes visual styling. When you write JavaScript, you’re writing text that describes behavior and logic.

The webpage you will create to honor our goddess? It begins as text files on your computer. The browser reads these text files, interprets their meaning, and transforms them into the visual experience your visitors will see.

Every image on your page? Referenced by text. Every color? Described by text. Every animation? Controlled by text.

Your First Sacred Assignment

Before we proceed to the next mysteries, complete this fundamental ritual:

1. Create a plain text file named athena_tribute.txt
2. Write a short description of why Athena inspires you, using only plain text
3. Save it in UTF-8 encoding
4. Open it in different text editors and observe how the text remains pure and unchanged
5. View the file size - marvel at how efficiently text stores information

This simple act connects you to the fundamental nature of all digital creation. Every website, every app, every piece of software began as someone writing text that follows certain rules.

When you understand that your future webpage is ultimately just cleverly organized text files working in harmony, you begin to see the true elegance of web development. You’re not learning to use mysterious tools - you’re learning to write text that machines can understand and transform into experiences that honor the divine.

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Next: We shall explore the Command Line - the direct voice through which mortals speak to the machine spirits…

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The crypto platform had been aware of the data breach for months before the official announcement, internal sources reveal.

A Reuters investigation uncovered that Coinbase had been informed as early as January 2025 about a data breach involving outsourced customer support agents in India. Six sources familiar with the matter confirmed that the exchange knew sensitive user information had been compromised through its contractor, TaskUs, months before the formal disclosure in May.

On May 14, in a filing with the SEC, TaskUs documented part of the breach, in which an employee at its Indian office was caught photographing his work computer screen with a personal phone. Five former TaskUs workers confirmed that this employee and an alleged accomplice had been bribed by hackers to obtain Coinbase user data.

Coinbase had a long-standing partnership with TaskUs, a Texas-based outsourcing company, to reduce labor costs by assigning customer support functions to offshore teams. Since 2017, TaskUs agents handled Coinbase customer inquiries, often from lower-wage countries like India, where employees earned between $500 and $700 per month.

The financial impact of the breach

The exchange estimated that the breach could cost the company up to $400 million. In its May filing, Coinbase admitted it hadn’t fully grasped the extent of the attack until May 11, when it received a $20 million extortion demand. In response, the company terminated the TaskUs employees responsible for the breach, along with several other unnamed foreign contractors.

The post Coinbase data breach: the exchange knew about the theft since January appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae

Crypto Insights

Solving Sybil Attacks on Bitcoin Libre Relay Nodes — Are Social Solutions Better than Technical Ones?

Peter Todd posted that proponents of transaction "filtering" have started Sybil attacking Libre Relay nodes by running nodes with their "Garbageman" fork. These malicious nodes pretend to support NODE_LIBRE_RELAY, but secretly drop certain transactions that would be relayed by real Libre Relay nodes. He also highlighted the complexity of existing defenses and proposed a new angle: rather than relying on technical solutions, he encourages people to manually peer with nodes operated by people they personally know, arguing that human relationships can sometimes evaluate honesty more reliably than code.

Toward a Unified Identity Lookup Standard to Improve Lightning Payments

Bitcoin developer Aviv Bar-el introduced a new proposal — Well-Known Bitcoin Identity Endpoint — that aims to simplify wallet lookups for users’ Bitcoin addresses and identity data via a standardized HTTPS interface, thereby improving both the UX and security of Lightning and on-chain payments.

A Commit/Reveal Mechanism to Strengthen Bitcoin Against Quantum Threats

Tadge Dryja proposed a soft fork for Bitcoin to defend against quantum attacks, based on a variant of the commit/reveal Fawkescoin mechanism. While similar to Tim Ruffing’s earlier proposal, it includes key differences:

• It does not use encryption, instead relying on smaller, hash-based commitments, and describes activation as a soft fork.
• It only applies to outputs where public keys or scripts haven't been revealed — like pubkey hash or script hash outputs. It also works with Taproot, but must be spent via the script path, as the key-path is no longer quantum-secure.
• What to do about already-exposed public keys is a separate issue — this proposal is compatible with both "burning the coins" and "letting them be stolen."

Countdown to the Quantum Crisis: Is Bitcoin Ready?

A recent report from Chaincode Labs analyzes the threat of cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQC), and the technical, economic, and governance challenges Bitcoin faces in preparing. Their key conclusions:

• Timeline Assessment: CRQC capable of breaking Bitcoin's elliptic curve cryptography may emerge between 2030 and 2035.
• Scope of Vulnerable Funds: An estimated 20–50% of circulating BTC (4M–10M coins) may be vulnerable.
  • Long-range attacks target inherently vulnerable script types (P2PK, P2MS, P2TR) and addresses with previously exposed public keys (via address reuse), allowing attackers unbounded time to derive private keys from public information already available on the blockchain.
  • Short-range attacks, which affect all Bitcoin script types, exploit the vulnerability window between transaction broadcast and confirmation (or shortly thereafter) when public keys are temporarily exposed, requiring attackers to act within a timeframe of minutes to hours.
• Action Strategy: A dual-track approach is recommended:
  • Short-term contingency: minimal but functional protections within ~2 years.
  • Full-featured solutions: comprehensive research and fully developed defenses within ~7 years.

This strategy balances immediate needs with rigorous development to ensure Bitcoin can adapt, regardless of CRQC progress.

Enforcing Arbitrary Constraints on Bitcoin Transactions with zkSNARKs

Current methods for constraining Bitcoin transactions fall short on privacy or programmability. This research proposes a new zkSNARK-based design to impose arbitrary constraints on Bitcoin transactions while preserving some information privacy. By bypassing Bitcoin Script’s non-Turing-completeness, the approach allows unbounded constraints—constraints that repeat a certain operation an unbounded number of times. Read the paper.

First Cross-Chain Bridge Between Bitcoin and Cardano Is Live

A trust-minimized bridge from Bitcoin to Cardano has launched using the Cardinal protocol, enabling Ordinals to move between the two chains. The Cardinal protocol is based on BitVMX and facilitates asset movement without compromising ownership or security.

Its core mechanism is a committee-based validation model under a 1-out-of-n honest security model — meaning even if all but one validator is malicious, the system remains secure. This approach enhances decentralization and censorship resistance for cross-chain asset transfers.

Thunderbolt Protocol: Redefining Bitcoin Smart Contracts with UTXO Bundling and OP_CAT

Nubit’s Thunderbolt is seen as one of the most significant technical upgrades to Bitcoin in a decade, whose overall observation resembles “Lightning Network 2.0.” Rather than relying on Layer 2 networks or bridges, Thunderbolt upgrades the Bitcoin base layer via soft fork to enhance scalability, performance, and programmability:

• Throughput: Uses UTXO Bundling to optimize traditional transaction processing.
• Programmability: Reintroduces and extends OP_CAT.
• Asset protocols: Integrates Goldinals standard — a zk-proof and state-commitment-based asset issuance framework.
• Unlike rollups, Plasma, sidechains, or bridges, Thunderbolt scales directly on the main chain. With BitVisa, it enables decentralized identity and credentials, supporting transaction compression, smart contracts, asset standard integration, and on-chain transaction matching — all on Bitcoin main chain.

Bitcoin 2025 Conference Recap: Politicians Applaud, Stablecoins Spotlighted, DeFi Absent

This year’s Bitcoin 2025 conference in Las Vegas gathered major political figures and corporate leaders. U.S. Vice President JD Vance strongly endorsed crypto and positioned Bitcoin as a strategic asset in U.S.–China competition. He also stated that stablecoins won’t undermine the U.S. dollar, but could actually amplify America’s economic strength.

White House “Crypto Czar” David Sacks delivered a major policy announcement, hinting that under Trump’s executive order, the U.S. has a legal framework to acquire more Bitcoin for strategic reserves.

In addition, stablecoin regulation and crypto market reform were hot topics. Ardoido, the company controls over 60% of the stablecoin market, claimed “All the traditional financial firms will create stablecoins that will be offered to their existing customers.” Meanwhile, Tether emphasized its focus on underserved global populations excluded from the existing banking system.

A conference recap also noted that, unlike the 2022 and 2023 summits, this year’s event was dominated by Bitcoin maximalists, Ordinals creators, mining capitalists, and regulatory lobbyists — no longer DeFi builders, DAO operators, or Layer 2 scaling advocates. Developers from Ethereum and Solana ecosystems were notably absent. This may signal:

• The conference’s heavy political and sovereignty-driven tone made it less suitable for the tech-centric narratives favored by these developers.
• There may be a growing ideological and narrative rift between Web3 builders and the Bitcoin camp.

Top Reads on Blockchain and Beyond

Rethinking Governance After the Sui Attack: Decentralization, Procedural Legitimacy, and the Plurality of Blockchain Values

Following a major hack of Cetus, the largest DEX in the Sui ecosystem, the Sui network executed a protocol-level asset freeze and recovery. While this was an effective technical response, it also triggered criticism and debate around core blockchain principles such as censorship resistance and decentralization.

The author of this article questioned the absolutist stance that views decentralization as the highest—and sole—value. The author argues that most rational individuals would prefer “living in a society where decentralization is a supreme value but coercive force is allowed when someone infringes on another’s property,” over “a society where decentralization is the only supreme value, and thus coercive force is never permitted under any circumstances.”

In addition, the author also expressed disappointment at Sui’s “paternalistic” governance — particularly how validators acted during the incident. Sui uses a delegated proof-of-stake (dPoS) system, where token holders delegate their voting power to validators. This means individuals lose their direct say. But blockchain governance could be more individual-friendly and flexible. For instance, in Cosmos’ governance model, for certain specific proposal, users still can override their delegations and vote independently, more favorable than Sui’s model.

Beyond the debate on decentralization and governance, the article also proposes an alternative perspective: what matters most is establishing procedural legitimacy that aligns with the system’s vision. Different blockchain projects pursue different goals. For Sui, the core mission is to enable assets to be reliably defined and interact seamlessly on-chain. Therefore, judging Sui through the lens of other blockchains’ values or paradigms is misguided. In exceptional cases, prioritizing asset recovery and ecosystem stability over strict adherence to censorship resistance aligns more closely with Sui’s long-term vision. Whether Sui had chosen to not to censor related transactions or to intervene in the Cetus case, as long as the action follows a legitimate process, either decision is justifiable.

TEE-Based Private Proof Delegation

The PSE research and development team has built a system based on Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) using Intel TDX for secure zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) delegation. This system enables clients to privately outsource large proving tasks without leaking inputs. Unlike mobile-native proving constrained by hardware limits, TEE-based approaches support significantly larger statements today—and will scale further as proof systems improve. As a hardware-backed solution, TEEs remain compatible with future advancements in software (e.g., faster proof systems, more efficient implementations) and won't be invalidated by them, as long as the trust model is acceptable.

AI and Identity: Proof of Humanity in a World of Agents, Bots, and Deepfakes

We are living in a time where AI—including agents, bots, and deepfakes—is fundamentally reshaping the internet. As AI continues to evolve, identity verification on the web is becoming more crucial than ever. A recent a16z podcast explores the idea of “Proof of Human”—the challenge of verifying human identity online, diving into why it matters, common questions, and how such systems work under the hood.

@ b7274d28:c99628cb

A few months ago, a nostrich was switching from iOS to Android and asked for suggestions for #Nostr apps to try out. nostr:npub18ams6ewn5aj2n3wt2qawzglx9mr4nzksxhvrdc4gzrecw7n5tvjqctp424 offered the following as his response:

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzq0mhp4ja8fmy48zuk5p6uy37vtk8tx9dqdwcxm32sy8nsaa8gkeyqydhwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnwdaehgunsd3jkyuewvdhk6tcpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhszythwden5te0dehhxarj9emkjmn99uqzpwwts6n28eyvjpcwvu5akkwu85eg92dpvgw7cgmpe4czdadqvnv984rl0z

Yes. #Android users are fortunate to have some powerful Nostr apps and tools at our disposal that simply have no comparison over on the iOS side. However, a tool is only as good as the knowledge of the user, who must have an understanding of how best to wield it for maximum effect. This fact was immediately evidenced by replies to Derek asking, "What is the use case for Citrine?" and "This is the first time I'm hearing about Citrine and Pokey. Can you give me links for those?"

Well, consider this tutorial your Nostr starter-kit for Android. We'll go over installing and setting up Amber, Amethyst, Citrine, and Pokey, and as a bonus we'll be throwing in the Zapstore and Coinos to boot. We will assume no previous experience with any of the above, so if you already know all about one or more of these apps, you can feel free to skip that tutorial.

So many apps...

You may be wondering, "Why do I need so many apps to use Nostr?" That's perfectly valid, and the honest answer is, you don't. You can absolutely just install a Nostr client from the Play Store, have it generate your Nostr identity for you, and stick with the default relays already set up in that app. You don't even need to connect a wallet, if you don't want to. However, you won't experience all that Nostr has to offer if that is as far as you go, any more than you would experience all that Italian cuisine has to offer if you only ever try spaghetti.

Nostr is not just one app that does one thing, like Facebook, Twitter, or TikTok. It is an entire ecosystem of applications that are all built on top of a protocol that allows them to be interoperable. This set of tools will help you make the most out of that interoperability, which you will never get from any of the big-tech social platforms. It will provide a solid foundation for you to build upon as you explore more and more of what Nostr has to offer.

So what do these apps do?

Fundamental to everything you do on Nostr is the need to cryptographically sign with your private key. If you aren't sure what that means, just imagine that you had to enter your password every time you hit the "like" button on Facebook, or every time you commented on the latest dank meme. That would get old really fast, right? That's effectively what Nostr requires, but on steroids.

To keep this from being something you manually have to do every 5 seconds when you post a note, react to someone else's note, or add a comment, Nostr apps can store your private key and use it to sign behind the scenes for you. This is very convenient, but it means you are trusting that app to not do anything with your private key that you don't want it to. You are also trusting it to not leak your private key, because anyone who gets their hands on it will be able to post as you, see your private messages, and effectively be you on Nostr. The more apps you give your private key to, the greater your risk that it will eventually be compromised.

Enter #Amber, an application that will store your private key in only one app, and all other compatible Nostr apps can communicate with it to request a signature, without giving any of those other apps access to your private key.

Most Nostr apps for Android now support logging in and signing with Amber, and you can even use it to log into apps on other devices, such as some of the web apps you use on your PC. It's an incredible tool given to us by nostr:npub1w4uswmv6lu9yel005l3qgheysmr7tk9uvwluddznju3nuxalevvs2d0jr5, and only available for Android users. Those on iPhone are incredibly jealous that they don't have anything comparable, yet.

Speaking of nostr:npub1w4uswmv6lu9yel005l3qgheysmr7tk9uvwluddznju3nuxalevvs2d0jr5, the next app is also one of his making.

All Nostr data is stored on relays, which are very simple servers that Nostr apps read notes from and write notes to. In most forms of social media, it can be a pain to get your own data out to keep a backup. That's not the case on Nostr. Anyone can run their own relay, either for the sake of backing up their personal notes, or for others to post their notes to, as well.

Since Nostr notes take up very little space, you can actually run a relay on your phone. I have been on Nostr for almost 2 and a half years, and I have 25,000+ notes of various kinds on my relay, and a backup of that full database is just 24MB on my phone's storage.

Having that backup can save your bacon if you try out a new Nostr client and it doesn't find your existing follow list for some reason, so it writes a new one and you suddenly lose all of the people you were following. Just pop into your #Citrine relay, confirm it still has your correct follow list or import it from a recent backup, then have Citrine restore it. Done.

Additionally, there are things you may want to only save to a relay you control, such as draft messages that you aren't ready to post publicly, or eCash tokens, which can actually be saved to Nostr relays now. Citrine can also be used with Amber for signing into certain Nostr applications that use a relay to communicate with Amber.

If you are really adventurous, you can also expose Citrine over Tor to be used as an outbox relay, or used for peer-to-peer private messaging, but that is far more involved than the scope of this tutorial series.

You can't get far in Nostr without a solid and reliable client to interact with. #Amethyst is the client we will be using for this tutorial because there simply isn't another Android client that comes close, so far. Moreover, it can be a great client for new users to get started on, and yet it has a ton of features for power-users to take advantage of as well.

There are plenty of other good clients to check out over time, such as Coracle, YakiHonne, Voyage, Olas, Flotilla and others, but I keep coming back to Amethyst, and by the time you finish this tutorial, I think you'll see why. nostr:npub1gcxzte5zlkncx26j68ez60fzkvtkm9e0vrwdcvsjakxf9mu9qewqlfnj5z and others who have contributed to Amethyst have really built something special in this client, and it just keeps improving with every update that's shipped.

Most social media apps have some form of push notifications, and some Nostr apps do, too. Where the issue comes in is that Nostr apps are all interoperable. If you have more than one application, you're going to have both of them notifying you. Nostr users are known for having five or more Nostr apps that they use regularly. If all of them had notifications turned on, it would be a nightmare. So maybe you limit it to only one of your Nostr apps having notifications turned on, but then you are pretty well locked-in to opening that particular app when you tap on the notification.

Pokey, by nostr:npub1v3tgrwwsv7c6xckyhm5dmluc05jxd4yeqhpxew87chn0kua0tjzqc6yvjh, solves this issue, allowing you to turn notifications off for all of your Nostr apps, and have Pokey handle them all for you. Then, when you tap on a Pokey notification, you can choose which Nostr app to open it in.

Pokey also gives you control over the types of things you want to be notified about. Maybe you don't care about reactions, and you just want to know about zaps, comments, and direct messages. Pokey has you covered. It even supports multiple accounts, so you can get notifications for all the npubs you control.

One of the most unique and incredibly fun aspects of Nostr is the ability to send and receive #zaps. Instead of merely giving someone a 👍️ when you like something they said, you can actually send them real value in the form of sats, small portions of a Bitcoin. There is nothing quite like the experience of receiving your first zap and realizing that someone valued what you said enough to send you a small amount (and sometimes not so small) of #Bitcoin, the best money mankind has ever known.

To be able to have that experience, though, you are going to need a wallet that can send and receive zaps, and preferably one that is easy to connect to Nostr applications. My current preference for that is Alby Hub, but not everyone wants to deal with all that comes along with running a #Lightning node. That being the case, I have opted to use nostr:npub1h2qfjpnxau9k7ja9qkf50043xfpfy8j5v60xsqryef64y44puwnq28w8ch for this tutorial, because they offer one of the easiest wallets to set up, and it connects to most Nostr apps by just copy/pasting a connection string from the settings in the wallet into the settings in your Nostr app of choice.

Additionally, even though #Coinos is a custodial wallet, you can have it automatically transfer any #sats over a specified threshold to a separate wallet, allowing you to mitigate the custodial risk without needing to keep an eye on your balance and make the transfer manually.

Most of us on Android are used to getting all of our mobile apps from one souce: the Google Play Store. That's not possible for this tutorial series. Only one of the apps mentioned above is available in Google's permissioned playground. However, on Android we have the advantage of being able to install whatever we want on our device, just by popping into our settings and flipping a toggle. Indeed, thumbing our noses at big-tech is at the heart of the Nostr ethos, so why would we make ourselves beholden to Google for installing Nostr apps?

The nostr:npub10r8xl2njyepcw2zwv3a6dyufj4e4ajx86hz6v4ehu4gnpupxxp7stjt2p8 is an alternative app store made by nostr:npub1wf4pufsucer5va8g9p0rj5dnhvfeh6d8w0g6eayaep5dhps6rsgs43dgh9 as a resource for all sorts of open-source apps, but especially Nostr apps. What is more, you can log in with Amber, connect a wallet like Coinos, and support the developers of your favorite Nostr apps directly within the #Zapstore by zapping their app releases.

One of the biggest features of the Zapstore is the fact that developers can cryptographically sign their app releases using their Nostr keys, so you know that the app you are downloading is the one they actually released and hasn't been altered in any way. The Zapstore will warn you and won't let you install the app if the signature is invalid.

Getting Started

Since the Zapstore will be the source we use for installing most of the other apps mentioned, we will start with installing the Zapstore.

We will then use the Zapstore to install Amber and set it up with our Nostr account, either by creating a new private key, or by importing one we already have. We'll also use it to log into the Zapstore.

Next, we will install Amethyst from the Zapstore and log into it via Amber.

After this, we will install Citrine from the Zapstore and add it as a local relay on Amethyst.

Because we want to be able to send and receive zaps, we will set up a wallet with CoinOS and connect it to Amethyst and the Zapstore using Nostr Wallet Connect.

Finally, we will install Pokey using the Zapstore, log into it using Amber, and set up the notifications we want to receive.

By the time you are done with this series, you will have a great head-start on your Nostr journey compared to muddling through it all on your own. Moreover, you will have developed a familiarity with how things generally work on Nostr that can be applied to other apps you try out in the future.

Continue to Part 2: The Zapstore. Nostr Link: nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzpde8f55w86vrhaeqmd955y4rraw8aunzxgxstsj7eyzgntyev2xtqydhwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnzwf5kw6r5vfhkcapwdejhgtcqp5cnwdphxv6rwwp3xvmnzvqgty5au

@ 0c65eba8:4a08ef9a

If you’ve ever found yourself confused by how much love is present in your marriage but still feel emotionally disconnected, this post is for you. If you're a man trying to understand why your efforts at connection don’t seem to land, this post is for you too. There’s a hidden variable affecting many modern marriages, one that’s rarely talked about. It might not only explain the emotional dissonance you’ve been feeling, but also offer a path to deeper connection, restored emotional vitality, and greater intimacy. What you discover here may change everything, for both of you.

The Comfort/Excitement Balance To Attraction

To understand why the balance between comfort and excitement matters so much in relationships, especially for women,we need to look beneath cultural narratives and into biology. This isn't about blaming anyone, it's about revealing a deeper structure most people have never been shown. If you’ve ever wondered why emotional or sexual connection can fluctuate in intensity even when love is constant, the answer often lies in your nervous system. Your biology plays a bigger role than you think.

What we're about to explore isn't a theory. It's the result of millions of years of evolutionary adaptation. Female nervous systems are built differently than male ones, not just in how they process emotions, but in how they respond to sensory input, bonding cues, and stimulation. These differences are crucial to understanding why certain dynamics succeed or fail in marriage.

Most women have a significantly higher demand for sensory and emotional stimulation. This isn't conjecture, it's a physiological consequence of female neurobiology. Estrogen enhances sensory receptivity, and women's skin has more nerve endings and finer spatial resolution than men's. Combined with hormonal modulation of emotional states, this results in a heightened need for both physical and emotional engagement.

Some of that need is biologically satisfied through caring for children, which provides a form of continuous low-level stimulation. But in the absence of children or outside of maternal bonding, that same physiological mechanism still demands input. This is where the husband comes in. He must not only provide security and predictability (comfort), but also novelty, dominance, and emotional friction (excitement) to sustain mutual engagement.

So the comfort/excitement tension isn't just a social preference or cultural trope. It's a necessary equilibrium in female emotional homeostasis. That 2:1 balance in either direction is about right, too much comfort and attraction decays; too much excitement and the system destabilizes.

What appears socially as "relationship dynamics" is, at root, a consequence of evolutionary strategies for reproductive success and pair-bond longevity. The reason the dichotomy exists at all is because the female nervous system demands it.

Autistic and Pseudo-Autistic Traits

Now, there's a complicating factor we rarely talk about: women on the autism spectrum. These women have the same underlying needs for sensory and emotional stimulation, but their ability to interpret, process, or even tolerate that input is compromised by their neurotype. This doesn’t mean the needs disappear. It means they’re harder to fulfill, even when the husband is doing everything right.

There's also a broader layer to this. Although autism is formally diagnosed in only 1-2% of women, many more display pseudo-autistic behaviors, symptoms that mirror autism but arise from a different cause: developmental deprivation. In our modern, sanitized, screen-heavy environment, many children, especially girls, are not exposed to the kinds of sensory, social, and environmental inputs their nervous systems evolved to process. Overprotection, lack of physical play, digital overstimulation, and reduced face-to-face interaction leave them under-calibrated for real-world complexity. As adults, these women often experience normal life as overwhelming, leading to social withdrawal, emotional volatility, and relationship breakdowns.

They aren't broken. They're untrained. Their nervous systems are underdeveloped in key dimensions because the environment didn't give them the calibration they needed during childhood and adolescence. This creates a large cohort of women who are not autistic in a clinical sense but present with very similar issues, especially in intimate relationships.

Signs of Under-Calibrated Nervous Systems

This can create serious distortions in the feedback loop of a marriage. The woman feels under-stimulated or emotionally disconnected, but because her husband’s signaling doesn’t land as intended, she may interpret the problem as his failure, not her filtering.

If her nervous system is already operating near a fight-or-flight threshold due to sensory overload, even normal masculine behavior, like assertiveness, protectiveness, or sexual pursuit, can feel overwhelming or even threatening. As a result, she may demonize traits she would otherwise find attractive. She’s not rejecting masculinity itself; she’s reacting to a distorted perception created by her overstimulated state. Meanwhile, the husband often understands something is off but lacks the tools to make it land.

So how can a man know if his wife might be neuroatypical or under-calibrated? Here are a few recurring patterns to look for:

• She gets overwhelmed by physical touch or sound, even in safe and intimate contexts.

• She has difficulty articulating emotional states or interpreting yours.

• She avoids spontaneity or novelty, preferring strict routines.

• She gets easily irritated by sensory input most people filter out.

• She misreads social cues and seems detached in emotionally charged moments.

• She experiences frequent shutdowns or emotional flatness, not just mood swings.

These aren't definitive on their own, but together, they can indicate that her nervous system is running a different decoding protocol. And crucially, many of these women are never diagnosed. They grow up masking, adapting, and internalizing their differences just enough to barely get by.

That can work when they’re younger, have more energy, and life is relatively simple. But once they marry and have children, the increasing complexity overwhelms their already underdeveloped coping mechanisms, and they crash out hard.

That crash can take a lot of forms: a mental breakdown, impulsive decisions like cheating or walking away from the marriage, or just a deep well of unhappiness that leaks into every part of the household. They might spiral into dissatisfaction and blame everyone around them, especially their husbands, not because those people are doing something wrong, but because the internal system can't handle the load anymore.

Advice for Husbands

This asymmetry can generate chronic resentment, even in otherwise loving marriages. It’s important for women in this position to recognize that their own neurology or environmental history might be interrupting the satisfaction of their needs, not that the needs don’t exist, nor that the husband isn’t trying. Awareness alone can reduce misplaced blame and help couples co-develop more precise, intentional forms of connection. The good news: once understood, it’s manageable.

If you're a husband facing this situation, and your wife is struggling to recognize the pattern, the best starting point is non-confrontational curiosity. Instead of making accusations or suggesting she's "on the spectrum," try something like: "I’ve been thinking about how different people process things, especially emotions and sensory input. Have you ever noticed if certain things hit you differently than they seem to hit other people?" This opens the door without assigning blame.

From there, introduce patterns you’ve noticed gently, using neutral observations rather than critiques. It might seem frustrating that you have to be so careful, but there’s a reason for it: if she’s already dealing with all the sensory and emotional overload we’ve described, she probably knows something’s wrong, and feels it deep in her body. Most women don’t do well with direct confrontation even when they’re calm. When they’re overloaded, it doesn’t just stress them, it triggers a defensive reflex. If you come in too hard, it sets up a "you versus me" frame instead of an "us versus the problem" one. The goal is to frame the issue as a shared mystery you’re solving together, not a personal flaw she needs to fix.

Interpreting Male Emotional Expression

One of the most commonly misunderstood aspects of male behavior, especially by women with sensitive or under-calibrated nervous systems, is how men express their emotions.

Men often discharge emotional energy through vocal and physical expression: yelling, speaking loudly, pacing, or making intense gestures. This isn't always, nor even usually, a sign of anger or aggression. Often it's simply how men process energy. Just as women cry to release emotion, men roar or shout to do the same. It’s not about control or threat. It’s about clearing the system.

The problem arises when a woman’s nervous system, already overloaded or poorly calibrated, perceives this masculine energy as danger. She may not distinguish between a man venting versus a man preparing to attack. And so even when the man is not directing his intensity at her, she responds as if her life is in danger. This is terrifying for her, and deeply invalidating for him.

That mismatch creates an emotional double standard. Society defends a woman’s right to cry, break down, and show emotional vulnerability, but often punishes men for expressing their emotions in loud, physical, or masculine ways, even when those expressions are non-threatening.

Telling a man he can’t raise his voice, speak with passion, or express raw emotion is just as harmful as telling a woman she can’t cry. It pathologizes his nature. And it disconnects him not only from his wife, but from other men, who rely on such expressions to assess trust and authenticity.

The most masculine men, the leaders, the fighters, the providers, tend to be the most expressive. They’re loud, boisterous, and full of life. And their energy isn’t just tolerated by other men, it’s respected. It’s how they signal alignment, honesty, and presence.

If you want to live with men, especially high-agency ones, you must train your nervous system to distinguish between male emotion and male threat. Just as a mature man learns not to interpret well meaning female tears as manipulation or danger, a mature woman must learn not to read male intensity as violence.

Trying to suppress male emotional expression doesn’t make the world safer. It just alienates the man, and makes it impossible to share a home, a marriage, or a life without fear.

Advice for Women

If you're a woman reading this and recognizing yourself in the descriptions above, the good news is that your needs are real and valid, but also more specialized. You're not broken, and you're not crazy. What you're dealing with is a miscalibration in your central nervous system, a mismatch between what it was exposed to growing up and what it's expected to handle now.

The good news is that, like physical training for an athletic event, your nervous system can be trained, too. You wouldn't expect to run a marathon without building up to it. Similarly, you can gradually increase your tolerance, flexibility, and capacity for stimulation and connection. Once you do, you’ll experience life, and relationships, in a much more joyful and manageable way.

And don’t expect this kind of advice from a doctor. Most of the medical and psychiatric systems aren’t trained to recognize these patterns as developmental calibration issues. They'll either dismiss it, medicalize it, or label it with something that doesn't give you tools. This is not a disease. It’s not a disorder. It’s a systems mismatch that can be recalibrated.

Here are some actionable steps you can take to begin recalibrating your nervous system:

• Get off screens and reduce electronic stimulation. Prioritize presence over distraction.

• Replace social media with real, in-person social contact, eye contact, voice, touch.

• Go outdoors. Natural environments offer complex, low-stress sensory input that recalibrates the nervous system.

• Reintroduce physical sensation through safe, voluntary contact, massage, swimming, dancing.

• Practice slow, predictable engagement. Routine doesn't mean sterile, it means safe repetition that expands capacity.

• Track what types of sensory or emotional input feel safe, tolerable, and enjoyable.

• Start incorporating nervous system-reset techniques like deep breathing (such as box breathing or 4-7-8 breathing) to calm your body’s baseline.

• Dry brushing can help desensitize the skin and improve sensory regulation over time.

• Replace harsh, flickering LED lights with high-quality, full-spectrum bulbs that don’t pulse, your brain tracks that flicker even when your eyes don’t.

• Make sure you’re sleeping enough; your nervous system needs recovery time as you recalibrate.

• Write down emotional states when you experience them and review patterns.

• Try scheduled intimacy, emotional or physical, so that it’s predictable and safe.

• Be open with your husband about what does and doesn’t work for you without assuming failure or intent.

• Consider a formal assessment for autism or sensory processing disorder; even if you don’t pursue diagnosis, the process itself can provide insight.

These are not just hacks, they’re physical, repeatable ways to build the capacity you’re missing.

Restoring Connection

Restoring that connection doesn’t mean becoming someone else, it means engineering your relationship and daily life around your real constraints, instead of fighting them. That’s how you get your needs met without burning down the trust and love already built.

So yes, balance is critical, but so is knowing when the system itself is misaligned and adapting accordingly. And it’s worth it. You can restore the kind of intimacy and love that both of you crave in your marriage. Don’t give up. Try everything. Work on it together. If you want help, this is what I do. I walk people through this process. I help them grow, not just emotionally, but neurologically. I help remove the emotional blocks that prevent people from doing the things we’ve described here.

If you don’t work with me, make sure you work with someone. Or work through it intentionally on your own. Life’s too short to live miserable, especially in your marriage. Don’t miss out on the depth of love and intimacy that’s possible. You can get there. And it’s worth the work.

@ d360efec:14907b5f

@ 3c559080:a053153e

So firstly you should find an emulator for whatever you want to play on. There are many for desktop and mobile devices. Checkhere for a list of all the available consoles and their various emulators.

Next what game do you want to play? This is the like the homepage for a shit ton of roms.

Some of the more popular roms are there and other various list like Sony Nintendo

After narrowing down your selection you will end up on myrient i assume this is just some dope person hosting all these so if you get some use out of it, think of donating they even take corn, but other shitcoins too (but thats not the focus here)

Once you download the Rom of the game you want, you will get a compressed (zip) folder, unzip it and within it will be the rom, most systems will identify your emulator and use it open the game. If not, launch the emulator and within it should be an option to open a file, open the file in the unzipped folder.

Enjoy So you want to Mod?

So every Mod, is a mod for a specific game [ex. Pokemon Blue, Pokemon FireRed, Super Mario Bros.] so it requires you to get the Rom for that base game, the mod itself, and a tool to patch it. There is an online tool to easily patch the mod to the ROM. IMPORTANT, this will not change any naming, Id recommend having a folder with the base game roms, and a folder for the mods, and lastly a folder for the newly modded roms. Make sure to name or just save the game in modded roms folder after the patch.

Below are a few resource to find various Pokemon Rom mods(sometimes called hacks)

• r/PokemonROMhacks
• Good Compilations of Hacks and Resource/Guides

Personally, Pokemon Unbound is considered the best most polished hack. it runs on Pokemon Fire Red.

Pokemon Emerald Rouge is a cool take on the popular Rougelite genre. This runs on base game Pokemon Emerald

@ da8b7de1:c0164aee

Nukleáris politika és szabályozási fejlemények

A Nemzetközi Atomenergia-ügynökség (IAEA) Kormányzótanácsa 2025. június 9-én kezdi meg szokásos júniusi ülését Bécsben. A főbb napirendi pontok között szerepel a 2024-es éves jelentés, a technikai együttműködési tevékenységek, az iráni ellenőrzés és felügyelet, az ellenőrzések végrehajtása Észak-Koreában és Szíriában, a nukleáris biztonság és védelem Ukrajnában, valamint a nukleáris anyagok átruházása és ellenőrzése az AUKUS-keretében. Az ülésen új tagokat is kijelölnek a Kormányzótanácsba, és előkészítik a 69. rendes közgyűlést[iaea.org].

Jelentős projektek és iparági bővülés

Az amerikai Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) benyújtotta kérelmét az Egyesült Államok Nukleáris Szabályozási Bizottságához egy GE Vernova Hitachi BWRX-300 kis moduláris reaktor (SMR) megépítésére a Clinch River telephelyen, ami jelentős lépés az amerikai fejlett nukleáris technológiák elterjesztésében[world-nuclear-news.org]. Kanadában a hatóság engedélyezte az Ontario Power Generation számára, hogy egy BWRX-300 reaktort építsen a Darlington New Nuclear Project helyszínen, ezzel tovább haladva az észak-amerikai SMR-projektek terén[world-nuclear-news.org].

India nukleáris szabályozója jóváhagyta a négyblokkos Mahi Banswara Rajasthan Atomerőmű telephelyét, Kínában pedig folytatódnak a szerelési munkák a Haiyang 3 egységen. Eközben Belgium és Dánia felülvizsgálják nukleáris politikájukat: Belgium visszavonja a korábbi leállítási döntést, Dánia pedig újragondolja álláspontját[world-nuclear-news.org].

Ellátási lánc, munkaerő és nemzetközi együttműködés

A nukleáris kapacitás várható gyors növekedése miatt egyre nagyobb hangsúly kerül mind a helyi, mind a globális ellátási lánc felkészítésére. A World Nuclear Association legutóbbi konferenciája kiemelte az ellátási lánc „globalizációjának” fontosságát a bővülés támogatásához[world-nuclear-news.org]. A nukleáris munkaerő világszerte növekedni fog, ami új lehetőségeket teremt, nem pedig hiányt. Az iparági szakértők hangsúlyozzák a jelentkezők tapasztalatának javítását és a szektorok közötti készségek hasznosítását a jövőbeni igények kielégítésére[world-nuclear-news.org].

A nemzetközi szabályozói együttműködés is fejlődik, különösen a kis moduláris reaktorok (SMR) tervezési értékelése terén. A brit Nukleáris Szabályozási Hivatal közzétette első jelentését ebben a témában, globális szinten hatékonyabb és összehangoltabb megközelítést célozva[world-nuclear-news.org].

Gazdasági és befektetési trendek

A nukleáris szektorban újra optimizmus tapasztalható, egészséges projektportfóliókkal és növekvő magánbefektetésekkel, különösen a fejlett üzemanyagok, például a HALEU (magas dúsítású urán) terén. A Világbank lehetséges politikai váltása, amely lehetővé tenné nukleáris projektek finanszírozását, jelentős hatással lehet a globális befektetésekre, példát mutatva más hitelezőknek is[ans.org].

Az USA-ban jelentős lépés a Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act életbe lépése, amely megtiltja a feldolgozatlan, alacsony dúsítású orosz urán behozatalát, és 2,72 milliárd dollár szövetségi támogatást szabadít fel a hazai urántermelés fellendítésére. A törvény 2027-ig korlátozott mentességeket engedélyez, 2040-ben pedig lejár[ans.org].

Technológia és innováció

A TerraPower hivatalosan is jelezte a brit hatóságoknak, hogy megkezdi a Natrium nátrium-hűtésű gyorsreaktor általános tervezési engedélyezési folyamatát, ezzel jelezve, hogy a vállalat nemzetközi szinten is be kívánja vezetni ezt a technológiát[world-nuclear-news.org]. Olaszországban új nemzeti bizottság alakult a radioaktív anyagok szállításával kapcsolatos kihívások kezelésére, a megfelelőség és a logisztika egyszerűsítése érdekében[world-nuclear-news.org].

Az Enel, az Ansaldo Energia és a Leonardo megalapította a Nuclitalia céget, hogy tanulmányozza a fejlett nukleáris technológiákat és elemezze a piaci lehetőségeket, ami jól mutatja az európai érdeklődés növekedését a következő generációs nukleáris megoldások iránt[world-nuclear-news.org].

Friss és közelgő események

• Az IAEA Kormányzótanácsának ülése (2025. június 9–13.) számos politikai, biztonsági és védelmi kérdéssel foglalkozik majd[iaea.org].
• Az amerikai Fehér Ház nemrégiben csúcstalálkozót tartott a hazai nukleáris fejlesztésekről, és elindította a legnagyobb szövetségi kezdeményezést az elmúlt ötven évben a hálózati méretű nukleáris reaktorok felgyorsított építésére[ans.org].

---

Források: - world-nuclear-news.org - iaea.org - ans.org - nucnet.org

@ e2c72a5a:bfacb2ee

Your crypto wallet is probably leaking money right now. While everyone obsesses over price charts, the silent killer is gas fees – those tiny transactions add up to thousands wasted annually. Smart traders aren't just buying dips, they're timing their transactions when network congestion drops. The difference? Up to 80% savings on every move you make. Next time before hitting "confirm," check the gas tracker. Is it worth paying 3x more just to move your assets right this second? Patience isn't just a virtue in crypto – it's literally profitable. What's your strategy for minimizing transaction costs while maximizing gains?

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The Russian banking giant introduces financial instruments linked to Bitcoin for qualified investors.

Russia’s largest commercial banking institution, Sber, has made its entry into the Bitcoin space by unveiling a bond product tied to the asset.

Sber has officially launched its structured financial instrument that mirrors the price performance of Bitcoin alongside fluctuations in the dollar-ruble exchange rate. The product is already available to qualified investors through the over-the-counter (OTC) market, with plans to list it on the Moscow Exchange in the near future.

Formerly known as Sberbank, the institution stated in a May 30 announcement that the listing would provide transparency, liquidity, and convenience for a wide range of professional investors. This structured approach will allow investors to benefit both from Bitcoin’s appreciation in dollars and from the strengthening of the US dollar against the Russian ruble, the bank suggests.

The lender also announced plans to expand its crypto offering through the SberInvestments platform, introducing exchange-traded products that provide exposure to digital assets. The first product will be a Bitcoin futures instrument, scheduled for listing on June 4, coinciding with its official launch by the Moscow Exchange.

Sber’s initiative follows the authorization granted by Russia’s Central Bank on May 28, which permitted financial institutions to offer specific crypto-related financial instruments to accredited investors. However, the direct offering of cryptocurrencies remains prohibited.

Meanwhile, T-Bank (formerly Tinkoff Bank) launched an investment product linked to Bitcoin’s price, branding it a “smart asset” issued through Russia’s state-backed tokenization platform Atomyze.

According to the Russian Central Bank’s report for the first quarter of 2025, Russian residents hold approximately 827 billion rubles ($9.2 billion) in cryptocurrencies on centralized exchanges. Inflows into Russian crypto platforms surged by 51%, reaching 7.3 trillion rubles ($81.5 billion) over the same period.

The post Sber, Russia’s largest bank, launches Bitcoin bonds appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 33baa074:3bb3a297

Residual chlorinerefers to the residual disinfectant chlorine in tap water. An appropriate amount of residual chlorine can prevent the growth of microorganisms and ensure the safety of water quality. However, when the residual chlorine content in water is too high, it will cause many harms to human health, mainly including the following aspects:

Destruction of nutrients When the residual chlorine content in tap water exceeds the standard, it will destroy the minerals, vitamins and other nutrients, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, when used to wash fruits and vegetables. In the long run, it may cause the human body to absorb these nutrients and lack these essential nutrients. Cause chronic poisoning When tap water containing residual chlorine is used for a long time, the residual chlorine reacts with organic acids and may produce harmful substances such as chloroform and organic lead compounds, which are potential carcinogens. Long-term accumulation may cause chronic poisoning of body organs and pose a threat to human health.

Affect the respiratory system Residual chlorine can cause harm to the human respiratory system, and symptoms such as difficulty breathing and itchy throat may occur. Severe cases may induce rhinitis, bronchitis and even emphysema. In addition, water vapor containing residual chlorine may also cause adverse reactions such as coughing and wheezing after being inhaled.

Damage to the skin Excessive residual chlorine content in water may irritate the skin, easily cause skin dryness, aging, acne and other problems, and may also cause allergic symptoms such as dermatitis and eczema. Prolonged contact with such water may also cause the skin layer to fall off, which is extremely harmful to skin health. Bathing with water containing residual chlorine can also cause hair to become dry, broken, and split.

Other health problems Impact on special groups Pregnant women: Long-term drinking of tap water containing residual chlorine will reduce resistance, affect the growth of the fetal heart and lungs, and may also cause neonatal arrhythmia and lung dysfunction. Children: Long-term drinking of chlorine water will not only hurt the stomach, but also affect nutrient absorption. Moreover, the strong oxidizing hypochlorous acid produced by the reaction of chlorine and water will damage brain cells and affect their development. In addition, chlorine can easily be inhaled into the lungs through the respiratory tract, damaging respiratory cells, and easily leading to asthma and emphysema. Bathing children with water containing residual chlorine will cause their hair to become dry, broken, split, their skin to bleach, their skin to fall off, and they will have allergies. Elderly people: Long-term consumption of chlorinated water is prone to heart disease, coronary atherosclerosis, hypertension and other diseases, and it is also easy to damage the liver and kidneys, increasing the probability of cancer. Gastrointestinal discomfort Long-term drinking of water with excessive residual chlorine content may also cause gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, diarrhea and other symptoms. In severe cases, it may cause gastrointestinal ulcers, bleeding and other diseases.

In order to reduce the harm of residual chlorine in tap water to the human body, it is recommended to avoid directly using tap water containing residual chlorine as much as possible, boil the water before drinking, and use filtering and purification equipment to reduce the residual chlorine concentration in the water if conditions permit, while maintaining a healthy lifestyle and enhancing the body's immunity.

@ d360efec:14907b5f

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

Bitcoin FilmFest (BFF25) returns to Warsaw for its third edition, blending independent cinema—from feature films and commercials to AI-driven experimental visuals—with education and entertainment.

Hundreds of attendees from around the world will gather for three days of screenings, discussions, workshops, and networking at the iconic Kinoteka Cinema (PKiN), the same venue that hosted the festival’s first two editions in March 2023 and April 2024.

This year’s festival, themed “Beyond the Frame,” introduces new dimensions to its program, including an extra day on May 22 to celebrate Bitcoin Pizza Day, the first real-world bitcoin transaction, with what promises to be one of Europe’s largest commemorations of this milestone.

BFF25 bridges independent film, culture, and technology, with a bold focus on decentralized storytelling and creative expression. As a community-driven cultural experience with a slightly rebellious spirit, Bitcoin FilmFest goes beyond movies, yet cinema remains at its heart.

Here’s a sneak peek at the lineup, specially curated for movie buffs:

Generative Cinema –  A special slot with exclusive shorts and a thematic debate on the intersection of AI and filmmaking. Featured titles include, for example: BREAK FREE, SATOSHI: THE CREATION OF BITCOIN, STRANGE CURRENCIES, and BITCOIN IS THE MYCELIUM OF MONEY,  exploring financial independence, traps of the fiat system, and a better future built on sound money.

Upcoming Productions Preview – A bit over an hour-long block of unreleased pilots and works-in-progress. Attendees will get exclusive first looks at projects like FINDING HOME (a travel-meets-personal-journey series), PARALLEL SPACES (a story about alternative communities), and THE LEGEND OF LANDI (a mysterious narrative).

Freedom-Focused Ads & Campaigns – Unique screenings of video commercials, animations, and visual projects, culminating in “The PoWies” (Proof of Work-ies)—the first ever awards show honoring the best Bitcoin-only awareness campaigns.

To get an idea of what might come up at the event, here, you can preview 6 selected ads combined into two 2 videos:

• Unique Bitcoin-Video Ads: Part One
• Unique Bitcoin-Video Ads: Part Two

Open Pitch Competition – A chance for filmmakers to present fresh ideas and unfinished projects to an audience of a dedicated jury, movie fans and potential collaborators. This competitive block isn’t just entertaining—it’s a real opportunity for creators to secure funding and partnerships.

Golden Rabbit Awards: A lively gala honoring films from the festival’s Official Selection, with awards in categories like Best Feature, Best Story, Best Short, and Audience Choice.

BFF25 Main Screenings

Sample titles from BFF25’s Official Selection:

REVOLUCIÓN BITCOIN – A documentary by Juan Pablo, making its first screening outside the Spanish-speaking world in Warsaw this May. Three years of important work, 80 powerful minutes to experience. The film explores Bitcoin’s impact across Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, El Salvador, and Spain through around 40 diverse perspectives. Screening in Spanish with English subtitles, followed by a Q&A with the director.

UNBANKABLE – Luke Willms’ directorial debut, drawing from his multicultural roots and his father’s pioneering HIV/AIDS research. An investigative documentary based on Luke’s journeys through seven African countries, diving into financial experiments and innovations—from mobile money and digital lending to Bitcoin—raising smart questions and offering potential lessons for the West. Its May appearance at BFF25 marks its largest European event to date, following festival screenings and nominations across multiple continents over the past year.

HOTEL BITCOIN – A Spanish comedy directed by Manuel Sanabria and Carlos “Pocho” Villaverde. Four friends, 4,000 bitcoins , and one laptop spark a chaotic adventure of parties, love, crime, and a dash of madness. Exploring sound money, value, and relationships through a twisting plot. The film premiered at the Tarazona and Moncayo Comedy Film Festival in August 2024. Its Warsaw screening at BFF25 (in Spanish with English subtitles) marks its first public showing outside the Spanish-speaking world.

Check out trailers for this year’s BFF25 and past editions on YouTube.

Tickets & Info:

• Detailed program and tickets are available at bitcoinfilmfest.com/bff25.
• Stay updated via the festival’s official channels (links provided on the website).
• Use ‘LN-NEWS’ to get 10% of tickets

@ e2c72a5a:bfacb2ee

North Korea's digital heist playbook: $7.7M crypto laundering scheme reveals how rogue nations exploit tech talent. The Justice Department's latest civil forfeiture complaint targets crypto and NFTs tied to an elaborate North Korean operation where IT workers posed as legitimate freelancers, infiltrated US companies, and funneled millions through complex blockchain pathways. This isn't just another hack—it's a sophisticated economic warfare strategy that turns technical expertise into untraceable funding for weapons programs. While governments scramble to seize these digital assets, the case exposes a troubling vulnerability: how easily skilled developers can weaponize their talents in plain sight. Are your company's remote contractors who they claim to be, or part of a state-sponsored financial pipeline hiding behind a convincing digital mask?

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The Russian banking giant introduces financial instruments linked to Bitcoin for qualified investors.

Russia’s largest commercial banking institution, Sber, has made its entry into the Bitcoin space by unveiling a bond product tied to the asset.

Sber has officially launched its structured financial instrument that mirrors the price performance of Bitcoin alongside fluctuations in the dollar-ruble exchange rate. The product is already available to qualified investors through the over-the-counter (OTC) market, with plans to list it on the Moscow Exchange in the near future.

Formerly known as Sberbank, the institution stated in a May 30 announcement that the listing would provide transparency, liquidity, and convenience for a wide range of professional investors. This structured approach will allow investors to benefit both from Bitcoin’s appreciation in dollars and from the strengthening of the US dollar against the Russian ruble, the bank suggests.

The lender also announced plans to expand its crypto offering through the SberInvestments platform, introducing exchange-traded products that provide exposure to digital assets. The first product will be a Bitcoin futures instrument, scheduled for listing on June 4, coinciding with its official launch by the Moscow Exchange.

Sber’s initiative follows the authorization granted by Russia’s Central Bank on May 28, which permitted financial institutions to offer specific crypto-related financial instruments to accredited investors. However, the direct offering of cryptocurrencies remains prohibited.

Meanwhile, T-Bank (formerly Tinkoff Bank) launched an investment product linked to Bitcoin’s price, branding it a “smart asset” issued through Russia’s state-backed tokenization platform Atomyze.

According to the Russian Central Bank’s report for the first quarter of 2025, Russian residents hold approximately 827 billion rubles ($9.2 billion) in cryptocurrencies on centralized exchanges. Inflows into Russian crypto platforms surged by 51%, reaching 7.3 trillion rubles ($81.5 billion) over the same period.

The post Sber, Russia’s largest bank, launches Bitcoin bonds appeared first on Atlas21.

@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43

Abstract

This document proposes a novel architecture that decouples the peer-to-peer (P2P) communication layer from the Bitcoin protocol and replaces or augments it with the Nostr protocol. The goal is to improve censorship resistance, performance, modularity, and maintainability by migrating transaction propagation and block distribution to the Nostr relay network.

Introduction

Bitcoin’s current architecture relies heavily on its P2P network to propagate transactions and blocks. While robust, it has limitations in terms of flexibility, scalability, and censorship resistance in certain environments. Nostr, a decentralized event-publishing protocol, offers a multi-star topology and a censorship-resistant infrastructure for message relay.

This proposal outlines how Bitcoin communication could be ported to Nostr while maintaining consensus and verification through standard Bitcoin clients.

Motivation

• Enhanced Censorship Resistance: Nostr’s architecture enables better relay redundancy and obfuscation of transaction origin.
• Simplified Lightweight Nodes: Removing the full P2P stack allows for lightweight nodes that only verify blockchain data and communicate over Nostr.
• Architectural Modularity: Clean separation between validation and communication enables easier auditing, upgrades, and parallel innovation.
• Faster Propagation: Nostr’s multi-star network may provide faster propagation of transactions and blocks compared to the mesh-like Bitcoin P2P network.

Architecture Overview

Components

1. Bitcoin Minimal Node (BMN):

   • Verifies blockchain and block validity.
   • Maintains UTXO set and handles mempool logic.
   • Connects to Nostr relays instead of P2P Bitcoin peers.

2. Bridge Node:

   • Bridges Bitcoin P2P traffic to and from Nostr relays.
   • Posts new transactions and blocks to Nostr.
   • Downloads mempool content and block headers from Nostr.

3. Nostr Relays:

   • Accept Bitcoin-specific event kinds (transactions and blocks).
   • Store mempool entries and block messages.
   • Optionally broadcast fee estimation summaries and tipsets.

Event Format

Proposed reserved Nostr kind numbers for Bitcoin content (NIP/BIP TBD):

| Nostr Kind | Purpose | |------------|------------------------| | 210000 | Bitcoin Transaction | | 210001 | Bitcoin Block Header | | 210002 | Bitcoin Block | | 210003 | Mempool Fee Estimates | | 210004 | Filter/UTXO summary |

Transaction Lifecycle

1. Wallet creates a Bitcoin transaction.
2. Wallet sends it to a set of configured Nostr relays.
3. Relays accept and cache the transaction (based on fee policies).
4. Mining nodes or bridge nodes fetch mempool contents from Nostr.
5. Once mined, a block is submitted over Nostr.
6. Nodes confirm inclusion and update their UTXO set.

Security Considerations

• Sybil Resistance: Consensus remains based on proof-of-work. The communication path (Nostr) is not involved in consensus.
• Relay Discoverability: Optionally bootstrap via DNS, Bitcoin P2P, or signed relay lists.
• Spam Protection: Relay-side policy, rate limiting, proof-of-work challenges, or Lightning payments.
• Block Authenticity: Nodes must verify all received blocks and reject invalid chains.

Compatibility and Migration

• Fully compatible with current Bitcoin consensus rules.
• Bridge nodes preserve interoperability with legacy full nodes.
• Nodes can run in hybrid mode, fetching from both P2P and Nostr.

Future Work

• Integration with watch-only wallets and SPV clients using verified headers via Nostr.
• Use of Nostr’s social graph for partial trust assumptions and relay reputation.
• Dynamic relay discovery using Nostr itself (relay list events).

Conclusion

This proposal lays out a new architecture for Bitcoin communication using Nostr to replace or augment the P2P network. This improves decentralization, censorship resistance, modularity, and speed, while preserving consensus integrity. It encourages innovation by enabling smaller, purpose-built Bitcoin nodes and offloading networking complexity.

---

This document may become both a Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP-XXX) and a Nostr Improvement Proposal (NIP-XXX). Event kind range reserved: 210000–219999.

@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae

加密洞见

解决比特币抗审查交易中继的女巫攻击，社交方案好于技术方案？

Peter Todd 发帖指出，针对比特币抗审查交易中继的攻击行为正在发生——一个名为 garbageman 的节点正在对 Libre Relay 节点采取女巫攻击。这些攻击节点假装支持抗审查交易中继（NODE_LIBRE_RELAY），但实际在暗中丢弃某些交易，目的是阻止特定交易被打包进入区块。作者还介绍了现有防御方法的难度和复杂性，并提出新思路——与其用技术方案解决，不用通过社交解决。他鼓励人们手动与跟他们有个人关系的节点进行连接，原因很简单，人与人的关系可以比任何代码都更有力地评估诚实。

打造统一身份查询标准，提升闪电网络付款体验

比特币开发者 Aviv Bar-el 发表了一项新提案「知名比特币身份端点」（Well-Known Bitcoin Identity Endpoint），旨在通过 HTTPS 标准接口，简化钱包查询用户比特币地址和身份信息的流程，提升链上支付——尤其是闪电网络付款的用户体验和安全性。

通过「承诺/揭示」机制，帮助加强比特币抵御量子计算威胁

Tadge Dryja 提出一种抵御量子计算攻击的比特币软分叉方案。它是「承诺/揭示」（commit / reveal）Fawkescoin 机制的变体，大部分内容与 Tim Ruffing 几年前的方案类似，但也有以下重要区别：

• 该方案不使用加密，而是用更小的基于哈希的承诺，并且描述了如何通过软分叉激活此机制。
• 这个方案仅适用于公钥（或脚本）在链上未公开的输出，例如 pubkey hash 或 script hash 类型；也适用于 Taproot，但必须通过脚本路径花费，因为 Taproot 的 key-path 花费在量子攻击下将不再安全。
• 至于那些公钥已经在链上暴露的输出该如何处理，是另一个独立问题（本方案与「销毁这些币」或「任其被盗」这两种做法都兼容）。

量子危机倒计时：比特币准备好了吗？

Chaincode 在近期发布的报告中，系统分析了「加密相关量子计算」（CRQC，Cryptographically relevant quantum computers）威胁的整体态势，评估了比特币在应对这一转变过程中面临的技术、经济与治理挑战，并表示必须要在早于 CRQC 出现的数年构建起相关共识。重要的结论有：

• 时间窗口：打破比特币椭圆曲线加密基础的 CRQC 可能首先出现在 2030 - 2035 年间。
• 脆弱资金范围：在所有流通的比特币中，约 20-50%（4-1000 万枚 BTC）可能易受 CRQC 攻击。其中远程攻击针对本质上易受攻击的脚本类型（P2PK、P2MS、P2TR）和具有先前暴露的公钥的地址（地址重用），使攻击者能够无限期地从区块链上已有的公共信息中获取私钥；短程攻击会影响所有比特币脚本类型，利用交易广播和确认之间（或之后不久）的漏洞窗口，当公钥暂时暴露时，要求攻击者在几分钟到几小时的时间范围内采取行动。

• 行动战略：建议采用双轨方法，包括：

  • 应急措施：在约 2 年内完成对 CRQC 的最低限度但可运作的防护；
  • 全面对策：在约 7 年内深入对问题的探索，并开发出功能完备的解决方案

  这种双轨策略平衡了眼前的安全需求与最佳抗量子解决方案的严格研究和开发，确保无论 CRQC 能力如何发展，比特币都能做出适当的响应。

利用 zkSNARKs 对比特币交易实施任意约束

对于给比特币交易执行约束，现有的解决方案在隐私或可编程性上都存在不足。本文的研究者利用 zkSNARKs 设计了一种新方案，可以对比特币交易执行任意约束，并保持一定程度的信息私密性。他们方法绕过了比特币脚本的非图灵完备性，允许执行无界约束（unbounded constraints），即重复某个运算的次数次数不受限制。论文全文。

第一个跨比特币和 Cardano 的桥上线

从比特币到 Cardano 的信任最小化 Ordinals 桥通过 Cardinal 协议实现。Cardinal 协议实是一种基于 BitVMX 的信任最小化互作性协议，在不破坏所有权或损害安全性的前提下，它让比特币上中的不可替代资产（如 Ordinals 和 Runes）同 Cardano 链实现了来回移动。

Cardinal 协议背后的技术核心之一是「委员会的验证机制 」（committee-based validation mechanism），遵循 1-out-of-n honest 安全模型。这意味着即使除了一个验证者之外的所有验证者都恶意作，系统仍然保持安全——在增强安全性的同时，还实现了一种更加去中心化和抗审查的方式来在链之间移动资产 。

Thunderbolt 协议：通过 UTXO 捆绑和 OP_CAT 扩展，重构比特币智能合约

Nubit 提出的 Thunderbolt 被认为是为比特币在过去十年中最具里程碑意义的技术升级之一，被视为「Lightning Network 2.0」。Thunderbolt 是一种基于比特币基础层的软分叉升级方法，不依赖二层网络或桥的妥协，而是通过对比特币主链协议层的修改，从根本上增强其可扩展性、交易性能和可编程性。具体而言，Thunderbolt：

• 在吞吐量方面，使用 UTXO 捆绑（UTXO Bundling）技术，实现了对传统比特币交易处理模型的重大优化。
• 在可编程性方面，重新引入并扩展了 OP_CAT 。
• 在资产协议集成方面，Thunderbolt 实施了 Goldinals 统一标准，提供了一个基于零知识证明和状态承诺的资产发行框架。
• 与传统的扩容方法（如侧链、Plasma、Rollup 或桥接包装代币）不同，Thunderbolt 采用原生主链扩容路径。通过 BitVisa 提供去中心化的身份和凭证系统，让交易压缩、智能合约、资产标准集成、链上交易匹配都可以直接在比特币主链上运行。

比特币 2025 大会回顾：政要汇聚、稳定币受关注、DeFi 缺席

今年在拉斯维加斯举行的比特币 2025 大会，汇聚了众多政治要员和企业巨头。美国副总统 JD Vance 对加密货币表明了全力支持，并讨论了比特币在美中竞争中作为战略资产的潜力，他还认为，稳定币不会威胁到美元的完整性，而会使美国的经济实力倍增。白宫加密货币沙皇 David Sacks 发表了会议中最重要的政策公告之一， 暗示根据特朗普建立战略比特币储备的行政命令，美国政府有「获得更多比特币的合法途径」。

此外，关于稳定币立法和加密市场改革受到了很多关注。控制着超过 60% 稳定币市场的 Ardoido 公司表示：「所有传统金融公司都将创建稳定币，提供给他们现有的客户」；而 Tether 表示，其目标市场是全球范围内被排除在银行业之外的人。

这篇总结也提到，与 2022 年和 2023 年的类似峰会不同，今年的大会是由比特币最大化者、Ordinals 创建者、矿业资本家和监管游说者主导，而不再由 DeFi 协议构建者、DAO 运营商或 Layer2 扩容倡导者主导，以太坊和 Solana 生态的开发者缺席。这或许表明：

• 该会议明显的政治基调，使其不适合开发者喜欢的以技术为中心的叙述。
• Web3 建设者和比特币阵营之间的意识形态和叙事分歧可能会越来越大。

精彩无限，不止于链

Sui 攻击事件下的治理再思考：去中心化，程序合法性，和区块链的价值多元性

在受到生态最大的 DEX 项目 Cetus 黑客攻击之后，Sui 网络在协议层面执行了资产冻结和恢复——这是一种有效的技术回应，但同时引发了对抗审查和去中心化等核心区块链原则的批评和辩论。

文章的作者质疑了将去中心化视为唯一至高价值的立场，认为对于大多数有理性者而言，「生活在一个去中心化被认为是最高价值，但当有人侵犯他人财产时，允许强制武力的社会中」都要好于「生活在一个去中心化是唯一至高价值的社会中，因此在任何情况下都不允许强制武力」。

同时作者也指出，Sui 的验证者和网络行为采用的「家长式」治理方式令人失望；此外， Sui 使用委托权益证明（dPoS）系统，其中代币持有者将其代币委托给验证者，验证者代表他们行使相关的投票权，个人因此丧失了投票权。但区块链本来提供了有利于个人的、更加灵活的解决方案，比如 Cosmos 的治理框架就要优于 Sui——对于特定提案，验证人的决定并不会自动代表每个委托人的投票。

在关于去中心化的价值和治理方式之外，文章也提到另一种思考角度——「最重要的是建立与系统愿景相一致的程序合法性」。不同的项目追求不同的目标。就 Sui 而言，其核心目标是使各种资产能够被可靠地定义、并在链上无缝交互。因此，用其他区块链的范式或价值观来理解 Sui 的设计就是不合适的。在特殊情况下，Sui 优先考虑用户资产的返还和生态系统的稳定，而不是严格遵守抗审查——这一决定与其自身的长期愿景更加一致。此外，无论是 Sui 决定不审查相关交易，还是选择对 Cetus 的行为负责，如果背后有程序合法性，这两个决定都是合理的。

基于可信执行环境的私密证明委托

PSE 研究开发团队使用 Intel TDX 构建了一个基于可信执行环境（Trusted Execution Environment）的系统，用于安全的零知识证明委托。该系统允许客户端在不泄露输入的前提下，将大规模的证明任务私密地外包出去。相比受限于硬件能力的移动端本地证明，基于 TEE 的证明方案能够在目前就支持更大规模的陈述，并且随着证明系统的改进持续扩展。作为一种由硬件支撑的解决方案，TEE 能够兼容未来在软件层面的进展（例如更快的证明系统、更高效的工程实现），且只要信任模型被接受，就不会因这些进展而失效。

AI 与 ID：在代理、机器人、深度伪造等世界中的人类证明

我们正处于 AI（包括 AI 智能体、机器人、深度伪造等）深刻改变互联网的时代，随着 AI 的发展，网络上的身份认证变得愈发重要。a16z 的这期播客，讨论了在网上识别人类身份的「人类证明」（proof of human）问题，包括它为何重要，常见的问题有哪些，以及它在底层是如何运作的。

@ d360efec:14907b5f

@ 2f29aa33:38ac6f13

The Myth and the Magic

Picture this: a group of investors, huddled around a glowing computer screen, nervously watching Bitcoin’s price. Suddenly, someone produces a stick-no ordinary stick, but a magical one. With a mischievous grin, they poke the Bitcoin. The price leaps upward. Cheers erupt. The legend of the Bitcoin stick is born.

But why does poking Bitcoin with a stick make the price go up? Why does it only work for a lucky few? And what does the data say about this mysterious phenomenon? Let’s dig in, laugh a little, and maybe learn the secret to market-moving magic.

The Statistical Side of Stick-Poking

Bitcoin’s Price: The Wild Ride

Bitcoin’s price is famous for its unpredictability. In the past year, it’s soared, dipped, and soared again, sometimes gaining more than 50% in just a few months. On a good day, billions of dollars flow through Bitcoin trades, and the price can jump thousands in a matter of hours. Clearly, something is making this happen-and it’s not just spreadsheets and financial news.

What Actually Moves the Price?

• Scarcity: Only 21 million Bitcoins will ever exist. When more people want in, the price jumps.

• Big News: Announcements, rumors, and meme-worthy moments can send the price flying.

• FOMO: When people see Bitcoin rising, they rush to buy, pushing it even higher.

• Liquidations: When traders betting against Bitcoin get squeezed, it triggers a chain reaction of buying.

But let’s be honest: none of this is as fun as poking Bitcoin with a stick.

---

The Magical Stick: Not Your Average Twig

Why Not Every Stick Works

You can’t just grab any old branch and expect Bitcoin to dance. The magical stick is a rare artifact, forged in the fires of internet memes and blessed by the spirit of Satoshi. Only a chosen few possess it-and when they poke, the market listens.

Signs You Have the Magical Stick

• When you poke, Bitcoin’s price immediately jumps a few percent.

• Your stick glows with meme energy and possibly sparkles with digital dust.

• You have a knack for timing your poke right after a big event, like a halving or a celebrity tweet.

• Your stick is rumored to have been whittled from the original blockchain itself.

Why Most Sticks Fail

• No Meme Power: If your stick isn’t funny, Bitcoin ignores you.

• Bad Timing: Poking during a bear market just annoys the blockchain.

• Not Enough Hype: If the bitcoin community isn’t watching, your poke is just a poke.

• Lack of Magic: Some sticks are just sticks. Sad, but true.

---

The Data: When the Stick Strikes

Let’s look at some numbers:

• In the last month, Bitcoin’s price jumped over 20% right after a flurry of memes and stick-poking jokes.

• Over the past year, every major price surge was accompanied by a wave of internet hype, stick memes, or wild speculation.

• In the past five years, Bitcoin’s biggest leaps always seemed to follow some kind of magical event-whether a halving, a viral tweet, or a mysterious poke.

Coincidence? Maybe. But the pattern is clear: the stick works-at least when it’s magical.

---

The Role of Memes, Magic, and Mayhem

Bitcoin’s price is like a cat: unpredictable, easily startled, and sometimes it just wants to be left alone. But when the right meme pops up, or the right stick pokes at just the right time, the price can leap in ways that defy logic.

The bitcoin community knows this. That’s why, when Bitcoin’s stuck in a rut, you’ll see a flood of stick memes, GIFs, and magical thinking. Sometimes, it actually works.

---

The Secret’s in the Stick (and the Laughs)

So, does poking Bitcoin with a stick really make the price go up? If your stick is magical-blessed by memes, timed perfectly, and watched by millions-absolutely. The statistics show that hype, humor, and a little bit of luck can move markets as much as any financial report.

Next time you see Bitcoin stalling, don’t just sit there. Grab your stick, channel your inner meme wizard, and give it a poke. Who knows? You might just be the next legend in the world of bitcoin magic.

And if your stick doesn’t work, don’t worry. Sometimes, the real magic is in the laughter along the way.

-aco

@block height: 897,104

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@ e2c72a5a:bfacb2ee

North Korea's digital heist reveals the dark side of crypto's borderless nature. The US Justice Department is hunting $7.7 million in stolen cryptocurrency and NFTs allegedly laundered through an elaborate scheme involving North Korean IT workers posing as legitimate freelancers. This isn't just another hack—it's a sophisticated state-sponsored operation exploiting the very features that make crypto revolutionary: anonymity and borderless transactions. While we celebrate crypto's ability to transcend boundaries, this case exposes how those same qualities create perfect conditions for rogue nations to fund weapons programs and evade sanctions. The crypto industry faces a critical balancing act: how do we preserve financial freedom while preventing bad actors from exploiting the system? Perhaps the solution isn't more regulation but smarter blockchain analytics and international cooperation. What security measures would you support that don't compromise crypto's core principles?

@ 374ee93a:36623347

Chef's notes

Start your day the self sovereign way

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 10 mins
• 🍳 Cook time: 15 mins
• 🍽️ Servings: 4

Ingredients

• 1lb Jar Bottled Rhubarb https://jimblesjumble.netlify.app/item/a0c35618722834ac714d0a47058a2adc76ee7485a6b74f5da5f9eb2d3fb5d879
• 1pt Homemade Custard (3/4pt cream, 3 large eggs, 100g honey, 1/2 tbspn vanilla extract)
• 4 Handfuls Granola
• 1 Node https://plebeian.market/products/huxley@nostrplebs.com/start-9-node-y22zfjp8x6

Directions

1. Whisk together the cream, eggs, honey and vanilla
2. Chill overnight or serve warm with 1/4 jar of stewed rhubarb and a large handful of granola per person
3. Consolidate some UTXOs on your node
4. Have a Good Morning

@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43

I. Historical Foundations of U.S. Monetary Architecture

The early monetary system of the United States was built atop inherited commodity money conventions from Europe’s maritime economies. Silver and gold coins—primarily Spanish pieces of eight, Dutch guilders, and other foreign specie—formed the basis of colonial commerce. These units were already integrated into international trade and piracy networks and functioned with natural compatibility across England, France, Spain, and Denmark. Lacking a centralized mint or formal currency, the U.S. adopted these forms de facto.

As security risks and the practical constraints of physical coinage mounted, banks emerged to warehouse specie and issue redeemable certificates. These certificates evolved into fiduciary media—claims on specie not actually in hand. Banks observed over time that substantial portions of reserves remained unclaimed for years. This enabled fractional reserve banking: issuing more claims than reserves held, so long as redemption demand stayed low. The practice was inherently unstable, prone to panics and bank runs, prompting eventual centralization through the formation of the Federal Reserve in 1913.

Following the Civil War and unstable reinstatements of gold convertibility, the U.S. sought global monetary stability. After World War II, the Bretton Woods system formalized the U.S. dollar as the global reserve currency. The dollar was nominally backed by gold, but most international dollars were held offshore and recycled into U.S. Treasuries. The Nixon Shock of 1971 eliminated the gold peg, converting the dollar into pure fiat. Yet offshore dollar demand remained, sustained by oil trade mandates and the unique role of Treasuries as global reserve assets.

II. The Structure of Fiduciary Media and Treasury Demand

Under this system, foreign trade surpluses with the U.S. generate excess dollars. These surplus dollars are parked in U.S. Treasuries, thereby recycling trade imbalances into U.S. fiscal liquidity. While technically loans to the U.S. government, these purchases act like interest-only transfers—governments receive yield, and the U.S. receives spendable liquidity without principal repayment due in the short term. Debt is perpetually rolled over, rarely extinguished.

This creates an illusion of global subsidy: U.S. deficits are financed via foreign capital inflows that, in practice, function more like financial tribute systems than conventional debt markets. The underlying asset—U.S. Treasury debt—functions as the base reserve asset of the dollar system, replacing gold in post-Bretton Woods monetary logic.

III. Emergence of Tether and the Parastatal Dollar

Tether (USDT), as a private issuer of dollar-denominated tokens, mimics key central bank behaviors while operating outside the regulatory perimeter. It mints tokens allegedly backed 1:1 by U.S. dollars or dollar-denominated securities (mostly Treasuries). These tokens circulate globally, often in jurisdictions with limited banking access, and increasingly serve as synthetic dollar substitutes.

If USDT gains dominance as the preferred medium of exchange—due to technological advantages, speed, programmability, or access—it displaces Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs) not through devaluation, but through functional obsolescence. Gresham’s Law inverts: good money (more liquid, programmable, globally transferable USDT) displaces bad (FRNs) even if both maintain a nominal 1:1 parity.

Over time, this preference translates to a systemic demand shift. Actors increasingly use Tether instead of FRNs, especially in global commerce, digital marketplaces, or decentralized finance. Tether tokens effectively become shadow base money.

IV. Interaction with Commercial Banking and Redemption Mechanics

Under traditional fractional reserve systems, commercial banks issue loans denominated in U.S. dollars, expanding the money supply. When borrowers repay loans, this destroys the created dollars and contracts monetary elasticity. If borrowers repay in USDT instead of FRNs:

• Banks receive a non-Fed liability (USDT).
• USDT is not recognized as reserve-eligible within the Federal Reserve System.
• Banks must either redeem USDT for FRNs, or demand par-value conversion from Tether to settle reserve requirements and balance their books.

This places redemption pressure on Tether and threatens its 1:1 peg under stress. If redemption latency, friction, or cost arises, USDT’s equivalence to FRNs is compromised. Conversely, if banks are permitted or compelled to hold USDT as reserve or regulatory capital, Tether becomes a de facto reserve issuer.

In this scenario, banks may begin demanding loans in USDT, mirroring borrower behavior. For this to occur sustainably, banks must secure Tether liquidity. This creates two options: - Purchase USDT from Tether or on the secondary market, collateralized by existing fiat. - Borrow USDT directly from Tether, using bank-issued debt as collateral.

The latter mirrors Federal Reserve discount window operations. Tether becomes a lender of first resort, providing monetary elasticity to the banking system by creating new tokens against promissory assets—exactly how central banks function.

V. Structural Consequences: Parallel Central Banking

If Tether begins lending to commercial banks, issuing tokens backed by bank notes or collateralized debt obligations: - Tether controls the expansion of broad money through credit issuance. - Its balance sheet mimics a central bank, with Treasuries and bank debt as assets and tokens as liabilities. - It intermediates between sovereign debt and global liquidity demand, replacing the Federal Reserve’s open market operations with its own issuance-redemption cycles.

Simultaneously, if Tether purchases U.S. Treasuries with FRNs received through token issuance, it: - Supplies the Treasury with new liquidity (via bond purchases). - Collects yield on government debt. - Issues a parallel form of U.S. dollars that never require redemption—an interest-only loan to the U.S. government from a non-sovereign entity.

In this context, Tether performs monetary functions of both a central bank and a sovereign wealth fund, without political accountability or regulatory transparency.

VI. Endgame: Institutional Inversion and Fed Redundancy

This paradigm represents an institutional inversion:

• The Federal Reserve becomes a legacy issuer.
• Tether becomes the operational base money provider in both retail and interbank contexts.
• Treasuries remain the foundational reserve asset, but access to them is mediated by a private intermediary.
• The dollar persists, but its issuer changes. The State becomes a fiscal agent of a decentralized financial ecosystem, not its monetary sovereign.

Unless the Federal Reserve reasserts control—either by absorbing Tether, outlawing its instruments, or integrating its tokens into the reserve framework—it risks becoming irrelevant in the daily function of money.

Tether, in this configuration, is no longer a derivative of the dollar—it is the dollar, just one level removed from sovereign control. The future of monetary sovereignty under such a regime is post-national and platform-mediated.

@ 21335073:a244b1ad

The other day, I had the privilege of sitting down with one of my favorite living artists. Our conversation was so captivating that I felt compelled to share it. I’m leaving his name out for privacy.

Since our last meeting, I’d watched a documentary about his life, one he’d helped create. I told him how much I admired his openness in it. There’s something strange about knowing intimate details of someone’s life when they know so little about yours—it’s almost like I knew him too well for the kind of relationship we have.

He paused, then said quietly, with a shy grin, that watching the documentary made him realize how “odd and eccentric” he is. I laughed and told him he’s probably the sanest person I know. Because he’s lived fully, chasing love, passion, and purpose with hardly any regrets. He’s truly lived.

Today, I turn 44, and I’ll admit I’m a bit eccentric myself. I think I came into the world this way. I’ve made mistakes along the way, but I carry few regrets. Every misstep taught me something. And as I age, I’m not interested in blending in with the world—I’ll probably just lean further into my own brand of “weird.” I want to live life to the brim. The older I get, the more I see that the “normal” folks often seem less grounded than the eccentric artists who dare to live boldly. Life’s too short to just exist, actually live.

I’m not saying to be strange just for the sake of it. But I’ve seen what the crowd celebrates, and I’m not impressed. Forge your own path, even if it feels lonely or unpopular at times.

It’s easy to scroll through the news and feel discouraged. But actually, this is one of the most incredible times to be alive! I wake up every day grateful to be here, now. The future is bursting with possibility—I can feel it.

So, to my fellow weirdos on nostr: stay bold. Keep dreaming, keep pushing, no matter what’s trending. Stay wild enough to believe in a free internet for all. Freedom is radical—hold it tight. Live with the soul of an artist and the grit of a fighter. Thanks for inspiring me and so many others to keep hoping. Thank you all for making the last year of my life so special.

@ f57bac88:6045161e

تاریخچه پیدایش پروتکل اردینالز

پروتکل اردینالز در ژانویه 2023 توسط کیسی رودرمور معرفی شد. این پروتکل حاصل دو به‌روزرسانی مهم در بیت‌کوین است:

1. سگ‌ویت (2017): جدا کردن داده‌های امضا از بدنه تراکنش‌ها برای افزایش فضای بلاک.

2. تپ‌روت (2021): افزایش حریم خصوصی و انعطاف‌پذیری در تراکنش‌ها.

رودرمور با استفاده از این دو ویژگی، سیستمی را طراحی کرد که به هر ساتوشی یک شناسه اختصاص می‌دهد و امکان الصاق داده به آن را فراهم می‌کند. اولین اینسکریپشن رسمی در دسامبر 2022 یک تصویر پیکسلی از یک جمجمه بود.

اینسکریپشن چیست؟

اینسکریپشن به معنای «حکاکی» دیجیتال است و در اینجا به ثبت داده‌هایی مانند تصویر، ویدئو یا متن بر روی بلاکچین بیت‌کوین اشاره دارد. برخلاف ان‌اف‌تی های سنتی که اغلب فقط لینک یا متادیتا ثبت می‌کنند، اینسکریپشن‌ها کل داده را در بخش ویتنس تراکنش ذخیره می‌کنند و به یک ساتوشی خاص متصل می‌شوند.

پروتکل اردینالز چگونه کار می‌کند؟

پروتکل اردینالز به هر ساتوشی یک شماره منحصر‌به‌فرد می‌دهد و آن را غیرقابل‌تعویض می‌کند. مراحل اصلی آن:

1. شماره‌گذاری: به هر ساتوشی یک شناسه اختصاص می‌یابد.

2. اینسکریپشن: با ابزارهایی مثل ابزار داده به ساتوشی الصاق می‌شود.

3. ذخیره‌سازی: در بخش ویتنس با حجم حداکثر ۴ مگابایت.

4. مالکیت: از طریق کلید خصوصی قابل‌انتقال است.

سایت‌هایی مانند ordinals.com و ord.io برای مشاهده این داده‌ها توسعه یافته‌اند.

انواع اینسکریپشن‌ها

کاربران داده‌های متنوعی را روی بیت‌کوین ثبت کرده‌اند:

• تصاویر: از هنر پیکسلی تا عکس‌های شخصی.

• متن: پیام، شعر یا اسناد.

• ویدئو/صوت: نسخه‌های فشرده و کوتاه.

• بازی‌ها: نسخه‌های ساده مانند دووم.

مزایای اینسکریپشن و اردینالز

1. تغییرناپذیری: داده‌ها دائمی و مقاوم در برابر سانسور هستند.

2. ارزش ذاتی: هر اینسکریپشن به یک ساتوشی متصل است.

3. درآمدزایی برای ماینرها: افزایش تراکنش‌ها = کارمزد بیشتر.

4. کاربرد بیشتر بیت‌کوین: فراتر از پول دیجیتال.

5. امنیت بالا: بدون نیاز به سرور خارجی.

معایب و چالش‌ها

1. افزایش حجم بلاکچین: رشد حجم تا بالای ۵۰۰ گیگابایت تا مارس 2025.

2. کارمزد بالا: گاهی تا ۴۰ دلار در سال 2023.

3. پیچیدگی فنی: راه‌اندازی نود و ساخت اینسکریپشن ساده نیست.

4. اختلاف‌نظر: برخی معتقدند این کاربرد با فلسفه بیت‌کوین در تضاد است.

5. مقیاس‌پذیری: ممکن است شبکه را کند کند.

تأثیرات بر اکوسیستم بیت‌کوین

1. تأثیر اقتصادی

در سال 2023، بیش از ۲۰ میلیون اینسکریپشن ثبت شد. این روند در 2024 نیز ادامه داشت و منجر به شکل‌گیری بازار ان‌اف‌تی های بیت‌کوینی شد.

2. تأثیر فنی

ابزارهای جدید مانند کیف پول اسپرو و پلتفرم‌های معاملاتی مانند پلتفرم معاملاتی مجیک ادن توسعه یافتند.

3. تأثیر اجتماعی

جامعه به دو دسته تقسیم شد: موافقان نوآوری و مخالفان تغییر مسیر بیت‌کوین.

مقایسه اینسکریپشن و ان‌اف‌تی های اتریوم

| ویژگی | اینسکریپشن بیت‌کوین | ان‌اف‌تی اتریوم | | -------------- | ------------------- | --------------- | | محل ذخیره داده | روی بلاکچین | خارج از بلاکچین | | تغییرناپذیری | بسیار بالا | وابسته به سرور | | هزینه ساخت | متغیر (کارمزد) | متغیر (گس) | | امنیت | بسیار بالا | متوسط تا بالا | | انعطاف‌پذیری | محدود | بالا | | دسترسی | پیچیده | ساده |

تحولات اخیر (2024 و اوایل 2025)

• پس از هاوینگ: وابستگی بیشتر ماینرها به کارمزد و رشد اینسکریپشن.

• پشتیبانی صرافی‌ها: اضافه شدن قابلیت معامله در بایننس و کراکن.

• کاربردهای نو: ثبت اسناد قانونی، بازی‌های تعاملی و هنر دیجیتال.

آینده اینسکریپشن و اردینالز

چشم‌انداز آینده بستگی به:

1. پذیرش کاربران.

2. راهکارهای مقیاس‌پذیری.

3. رقابت با دیگر بلاکچین‌ها.

4. تحولات قانونی.

در بهترین حالت، بیت‌کوین به پلتفرمی چندمنظوره تبدیل خواهد شد.

نتیجه‌گیری

اینسکریپشن و پروتکل اردینالز فرصتی برای نوآوری در بیت‌کوین ایجاد کرده‌اند. اگرچه چالش‌هایی وجود دارد، اما پتانسیل این فناوری برای ایجاد دارایی‌های دیجیتال دائمی، غیرقابل‌تغییر و امن بسیار بالاست. آینده این ابزار به مسیر فنی، پذیرش اجتماعی و سیاست‌گذاری‌های جهانی بستگی خواهد داشت.

منابع

1. ordinals.com

2. GitHub Ordinals

3. مقالات CoinDesk (2023–2024)

4. تحلیل‌های Bitcoin Magazine (2023–2025)

5. آمارهای Blockchain.com

6. کانال ترجمه‌ی مقاله‌های بیت‌کوین در تلگرام

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کلمات و اصطلاحات ترجمه شده و موجود در متن:

1. پروتکل (Protocol) → قرارداد فنی / پروتکل

2. اردینالز (Ordinals) → ترتیبی‌ها / اردینالز

3. ژانویه (January) → دی‌ماه / ژانویه

4. کیسی رودرمور (Casey Rodarmor) → نام فرد

5. SegWit (Segregated Witness) → تفکیک شاهد / سگ‌ویت

6. Taproot → تپ‌روت

7. ساتوشی (Satoshi) → کوچک‌ترین واحد بیت‌کوین

8. اینسکریپشن (Inscription) → حکاکی / ثبت

9. تصویر پیکسلی (Pixel image) → تصویر نقطه‌ای

10. جمجمه (Skull) → Skull

11. ان‌اف‌تی (NFT - Non-Fungible Token) → توکن غیرقابل تعویض

12. متادیتا (Metadata) → فراداده

13. بلاکچین (Blockchain) → زنجیره بلوکی

14. ویتنس (Witness) → بخش شاهد در تراکنش

15. Ord (ابزار) → ابزار Ord

16. کلید خصوصی (Private Key) → رمز اختصاصی

17. ordinals.com** / **ord.io → نام وب‌سایت

18. Doom (بازی) → دوم (نام بازی معروف)

19. ماینر (Miner) → استخراج‌کننده

20. تراکنش (Transaction) → مبادله

21. هاوینگ (Halving) → نصف شدن پاداش استخراج

22. Binance / Kraken → نام صرافی‌ها

23. Sparrow Wallet → کیف پول اسپرو

24. Magic Eden → پلتفرم معاملاتی مجیک ادن

25. **Ethereum NFTs **→ توکن‌های غیرقابل تعویض در شبکه اتریوم

26. گس (Gas) → هزینه پردازش در اتریوم

27. سرور (Server) → خدمت‌دهنده

28. اسناد قانونی (Legal documents) → مدارک حقوقی

29. بازی‌های تعاملی (Interactive games) → گیم‌های تعاملی

30. هنر دیجیتال (Digital art) → آثار هنری دیجیتال

31. مقیاس‌پذیری (Scalability) → توان گسترش

32. پلتفرم (Platform) → بستر نرم‌افزاری

33. چشم‌انداز (Outlook/Future vision) → آینده‌نگری

34. سیاست‌گذاری (Policy-making) → برنامه‌ریزی راهبردی

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

ปิดท้าย week นี้ด้วยสงครามดีไหมครับ ถ้าอาหารเป็นสนามรบ สิทธิบัตรก็เปรียบเหมือนป้อมปราการ และการฟ้องร้องก็คือปืนใหญ่ยิงสวนกันกลางแดด…ใครที่เคยคิดว่าโลกของอาหารแห่งอนาคตจะสวยงามเพราะเปลี่ยนถั่วเป็นสเต๊ก สกัดกลิ่นเลือดจากพืช หรือหลอกลิ้นให้เชื่อว่า “อร่อยเหมือนเนื้อ” ก็คงต้องมานั่งทบทวนใหม่ว่า โลกใบนี้ไม่ได้ขับเคลื่อนด้วยความฝัน แต่ขับเคลื่อนด้วยเอกสาร 70 หน้าของทนายความ และหมายเรียกจากศาลกลางรัฐเดลาแวร์

Motif FoodWorks เข้ามาในวงการอาหารด้วยวิสัยทัศน์สุดเท่ คือจะสร้างโครงสร้าง-กลิ่น-รส ของโปรตีนอนาคตให้แบรนด์ plant-based ทั่วโลกใช้ได้โดยไม่ต้องเริ่มใหม่ตั้งแต่ศูนย์ เปรียบเหมือนเป็นเบื้องหลังของวงการ มีซอสลับคือ HEMAMI™ ที่สกัดกลิ่นเนื้อจากยีสต์ ผ่านวิธีการทางวิทยาศาสตร์สุดซับซ้อน ฟังแล้วดูดี แต่ปัญหาคือซอสลับของเขาดัน “คล้ายเกินไป” กับของ Impossible Foods ที่ใช้ heme protein เหมือนกัน

แล้วอะไรคือจุดเปราะบางที่ทำให้ Motif ต้องร่วง?

เฮียอยากให้ลองคิดแบบนี้ครับ สมมุติว่ามีร้านกาแฟใหม่ที่ตั้งใจจะขายกาแฟแนวใหม่ ใช้เมล็ดกาแฟหมักยีสต์กลิ่นกล้วยหอม รสชาตินุ่มลึก เป็นของตัวเอง เขาไม่ได้ก็อปสูตรใคร แต่ดันไปใช้กระบวนการคล้ายกับแบรนด์เจ้าตลาดที่เขียนจดสิทธิบัตรเอาไว้ก่อนแล้ว แค่คล้ายก็พอจะโดนลากขึ้นศาลได้ เพราะในโลกของสิทธิบัตร “ความใหม่” และ “ความไม่เหมือน” คือสิ่งศักดิ์สิทธิ์ แม้จะไม่ได้ก็อปตรง ๆ

Impossible Foods เห็นช่องนี้ชัด พวกเขายื่นฟ้องทันที โดยระบุว่า HEMAMI™ ของ Motif ละเมิดสิทธิบัตรเทคนิคการใช้ heme เพื่อสร้างรสชาติเหมือนเนื้อในผลิตภัณฑ์ plant-based ซึ่งเป็นหัวใจหลักที่ Impossible ใช้มัดใจตลาดมาหลายปี

ในเดือนมีนาคม 2022, Impossible Foods ก็ลุกขึ้นมาฟ้อง Motif FoodWorks ต่อศาลรัฐบาลกลางของสหรัฐฯ โดยอ้างว่า HEMAMI™ ละเมิดสิทธิบัตรของตนที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการใช้โปรตีน heme ในการสร้างรสชาติและกลิ่นที่คล้ายเนื้อจริงในผลิตภัณฑ์จากพืช จุดนี้ดูผิวเผินเหมือนแค่ “บริษัท A เหมือนของบริษัท B เลยโดนฟ้อง” แต่ความจริงซับซ้อนและลึกกว่านั้นมาก เพราะทั้งสองบริษัทต่างก็ใช้วิธีผลิตโปรตีน heme ที่คล้ายกันมาก นั่นคือการดัดแปลงพันธุกรรมจุลินทรีย์ให้ผลิตโปรตีนเฉพาะ แล้วหมักออกมาในถังขนาดใหญ่ แต่ต่างกันที่วัตถุดิบและดีไซน์โปรตีน

Impossible Foods ใช้ “soy leghemoglobin” ซึ่งเป็นโปรตีน heme จากรากถั่วเหลือง ส่วน Motif ใช้ “bovine myoglobin” ซึ่งเลียนแบบของวัวจริง ๆ โดยตรง ความคล้ายคือโปรตีนทั้งสองต่างก็ให้กลิ่นคาวแบบเนื้อเมื่อโดนความร้อน และสร้างสีแดงแบบ rare steak ได้เหมือนกัน ทั้งยังถูกหมักด้วยจุลินทรีย์ GMO แบบใกล้เคียงกันอีกด้วย แม้จะต่างสายพันธุ์ของโปรตีน แต่การฟ้องครั้งนี้ตั้งอยู่บนแนวคิดว่า “วิธีการใช้” โปรตีน heme ในอาหารจากพืชอาจเข้าข่ายละเมิดสิทธิบัตร

จากนั้นไม่กี่เดือน Motif ก็สวนกลับโดยการยื่นคำร้อง “Inter Partes Review” (IPR) กับสำนักงานสิทธิบัตรของสหรัฐฯ (USPTO) ผ่าน PTAB ซึ่งเป็นขั้นตอนที่ใช้เพื่อขอให้ตรวจสอบความถูกต้องของสิทธิบัตรที่กำลังมีปัญหา แนวคิดคือถ้าพิสูจน์ได้ว่าสิทธิบัตรของ Impossible นั้นไม่ใหม่จริง หรือมี prior art อยู่ก่อนแล้ว (เช่น งานวิจัยเก่า ๆ ที่ตีพิมพ์ก่อน) ก็จะทำให้สิทธิบัตรนั้นกลายเป็นโมฆะ

Motif ยื่นคำร้องโจมตีสิทธิบัตรถึง 7 ฉบับของ Impossible แบบกระหน่ำชุดใหญ่ ยิงทีเดียวหวังให้สั่นคลอนทั้งระบบ แต่ PTAB รับพิจารณาเพียงฉบับเดียว (หมายเลขสิทธิบัตร 10,933,018) และท้ายที่สุดในเดือนเมษายน 2023 ศาลตัดสินยกเลิกฉบับนั้นจริง โดยให้เหตุผลว่า “ไม่เป็นสิ่งประดิษฐ์ใหม่อย่างเพียงพอ” ซึ่งถือเป็นชัยชนะเล็ก ๆ ของ Motif และสร้างแรงกระเพื่อมในแวดวงวิทยาศาสตร์อาหารอยู่พอสมควร

แต่แม้จะมีชัยบางส่วน อีก 6 ฉบับที่เหลือ PTAB กลับไม่รับพิจารณา โดยบอกว่า “หลักฐานไม่ชัดเจนพอจะเข้าขั้นพิจารณาใหม่” นั่นทำให้ฝั่ง Impossible ยังถือสิทธิบัตรส่วนใหญ่ไว้อยู่เหมือนเดิม แล้วก็เริ่มกลับมาเร่งกระบวนการฟ้องร้องในศาลต่อ ซึ่งหมายความว่า Motif ยิ่งต้องใช้เงินมากขึ้นเรื่อย ๆ ในการสู้รบทั้งสองด้าน ทั้งในศาลและในระบบสิทธิบัตร

ชัยชนะเล็ก ๆ นี้กลายเป็นดาบสองคม เพราะในขณะที่ Motif ดีใจว่าล้มได้ 1 ฉบับ ตลาดกลับมองว่าพวกเขาสู้แบบดิ้นสุดตัว ซึ่งในมุมของนักลงทุน นั่นแปลว่า "ขาดเงินทุนหมุนเวียน" หรือ “มีแนวโน้มขาดทุนต่อเนื่อง” มากกว่าจะมองว่าเป็นฮีโร่สู้เพื่อความถูกต้อง

ระหว่างนี้ Motif ยังพยายาม “spin” ภาพลักษณ์ตัวเองในเชิงบวกอย่างหนัก พวกเขาเปิดตัวผลิตภัณฑ์ใหม่ชื่อ “Motif MoBeef™” และ “Motif MoChicken™” โดยใช้ HEMAMI™ ผสมอยู่ พร้อมโชว์ผลงานให้เชฟชื่อดังระดับ Michelin มาชิมและออกสื่อ โดยหวังว่าจะสร้างความเชื่อมั่นให้ตลาดว่า “ผลิตภัณฑ์เรายังไปต่อได้” และอาจดึงดีลใหม่หรือการลงทุนเพิ่มเข้ามาเพื่อบรรเทาภาระจากการฟ้องร้อง

และในขณะที่ Motif เดินหน้าเปิดตัวผลิตภัณฑ์ใหม่เพื่อแสดงพลังให้ตลาดเห็นว่า “เรายังไปต่อได้” ฝั่ง Impossible กลับเดินเกม PR อย่างเงียบ ๆ ด้วยการแจ้งเตือนสื่อและผู้ถือหุ้นว่า “Motif ยังใช้เทคโนโลยีละเมิดอยู่ต่อเนื่อง” พร้อมแนบเอกสารคำฟ้องเพิ่มในปี 2023 ซึ่งแปลความได้ว่า “ศึกยังไม่จบ อย่าเพิ่งส่งเงินให้คู่แข่งเรา” เพราะในเอกสารคำฟ้องของปี 2023 พวกเขาเสริมข้อกล่าวหาใหม่ว่าการที่ Motif ออกสื่อและใช้ HEMAMI™ ต่อไป “เป็นการจงใจละเมิด” และอาจเข้าข่ายการทำลายคุณค่าของแบรนด์ Impossible โดยตรง จุดนี้ยิ่งทำให้ Motif อยู่ในมุมที่เสี่ยงและลำบากมากขึ้น

การต่อสู้ของทั้งสองบริษัทจึงไม่ใช่แค่เรื่องใครเลียนแบบใคร แต่มันคือเกมยืดเวลา เผาเงิน ปั่นมูลค่า และวัดใจนักลงทุนว่าใครจะถอยก่อนกัน และสุดท้ายคนที่หมดลมหายใจก่อนก็คือ Motif แม้จะมีนักวิทยาศาสตร์เก่ง ๆ เทคโนโลยีล้ำ ๆ หรือวัตถุดิบดีแค่ไหน แต่เมื่อต้องมาสู้กับยักษ์ที่มีสิทธิบัตรในมือ บารมีในตลาด และชื่อเสียงติดหูผู้บริโภค…ก็ยากที่จะเอาชนะด้วยวิทยาศาสตร์เพียงอย่างเดียว

ศึกนี้จึงไม่ได้จบแค่ในศาล แต่มันลากไปถึงห้องประชุมนักลงทุน พาดหัวข่าวใน Business Insider และบอร์ด Reddit ที่คุยกันว่า “Motif จะไปไม่รอดหรือเปล่า” ซึ่งในยุคที่เงินทุนคือออกซิเจน การที่ภาพลักษณ์ของบริษัทเริ่มสั่นคลอน ก็เหมือนถังอากาศรั่วในห้องแล็บใต้ทะเล…ไม่นานนัก Motif ก็เริ่มลดจำนวนพนักงาน ลดเป้าการผลิต และสุดท้าย “ลดบทบาทตัวเองในตลาด”

หากดูเผิน ๆ หลายคนอาจคิดว่านี่คือเรื่องของสองบริษัทใหญ่ในโลก plant-based ที่ทะเลาะกันเอง แต่จริง ๆ แล้วนี่คือบทเรียนใหญ่ของ “วงการอาหารแห่งอนาคต” ที่กำลังเติบโตบนหลังคำว่า IP Intellectual Property ใครถือสิทธิบัตรก่อน คนนั้นตั้งกฎได้ ใครมาใหม่ ถ้าไม่จดให้ไว ก็อาจต้องจ่ายค่าต๋งตลอดชีวิต

และที่เจ็บปวดที่สุดคือบางทีของที่คุณคิดขึ้นมาเอง อาจไม่ใช่ของคุณอีกต่อไปแล้ว ถ้าคุณไม่มีเอกสารในมือ

นี่แหละครับ วงการที่ดูเหมือนจะขาย “นวัตกรรมอาหาร” แต่จริง ๆ แล้วขาย “สิทธิบัตรในกล่องข้าว” ใครจะอยู่ใครจะไป บางทีก็ไม่เกี่ยวกับว่า “ของอร่อยแค่ไหน” แต่เกี่ยวกับว่า “ใครมีทนายเก่งกว่า”

และในขณะที่สองยักษ์ใหญ่ยิงกันด้วยเอกสารละเมิดสิทธิ์ เหยื่อเงียบ ๆ อย่างเกษตรกรรายย่อยที่ยังอยากปลูกผักจริง เลี้ยงวัวจริง หรือแม้แต่ผู้บริโภคที่แค่อยากรู้ว่า “กินอะไรแล้วร่างกายจะดีขึ้น” กลับวนเวียนในทางอยู่ในโลกที่อาหารทุกคำถูกควบคุมโดยทุน จดหมายเรียกจากศาล และวัตถุดิบสังเคราะห์ที่มีรหัสมากกว่าชื่อจริง

สงครามสิทธิบัตรเหล่านี้ไม่เคยมีพื้นที่ให้ชาวไร่ หรือผู้บริโภคธรรมดาเข้าไปมีเสียงเลยสักนิด เพราะมันคือการต่อสู้ระหว่างนักล่าที่ฟาดฟันกันบนยอดห่วงโซ่อาหาร แต่เบื้องล่างของพีระมิด กลับมีแต่เหยื่อที่ถูกเลี้ยงให้งุนงง อยู่กับของปลอม และเชื่อว่า “นี่แหละคืออนาคตของอาหาร”

แล้วใครจะบอกเราว่า...ทางรอดคืออะไร?

คำตอบอาจอยู่ไม่ไกล แค่เราต้องกลับมาถามคำถามง่าย ๆ ที่ใครก็ลืมไปว่า “จริง ๆ แล้ว เราต้องการอาหารแบบไหนกันแน่” อาหารที่กินแล้วแข็งแรง หรืออาหารที่บริษัทแข็งแรง?

เพราะตราบใดที่เรายังปล่อยให้กล่องข้าวอยู่ในมือคนจดสิทธิบัตร เราอาจไม่มีวันได้กลับไปจับจอบเอง ปลูกเอง กินเอง แบบที่มนุษย์เคยเป็นมาก่อนโลกจะกลายเป็นห้องทดลองขนาดยักษ์

ศึกระหว่างผู้ล่ายังรุนแรงขนาดนี้ แล้วศึกระหว่างผู้ล่ากับเหยื่อ จะเหลืออะไรครับ

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Sky Map (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app and tap Accept, then tap OK
3. When asked to access the device's location, tap While Using The App
4. Tap somewhere on the screen to activate the menu, then tap ⁝ and select Settings
5. Disable Send Usage Statistics
6. Return to the main screen and enjoy stargazing!

ℹ️ Use the 🔍 icon in the upper toolbar to search for a specific celestial body, or tap the 👁️ icon to activate night mode

@ f85b9c2c:d190bcff

Cristiano Ronaldo stands out as a recognized and accomplished football player on a scale. His inspiring journey, from beginnings in Portugal to attaining superstar status serves as an inspiration, to individuals.

Ronaldo’s prodigious talent was evident from a young age. His coach at Sporting CP famously said “He was skinny when he arrived here but with tremendous skill”. Through hard work and dedication, Ronaldo honed his skills

Some Work Ethic and Ambition that Fuelled his success .A key factor in Ronaldo’s success story is his incredible work ethic and winning mentality. He is renowned for his strict training regimen, nutrition plan, and diligent recovery routines. Ronaldo’s dedication to self-improvement paved the way for his success. .Throughout his career, Ronaldo has shown insatiable hunger and ambition to be the best. His drive to succeed and break records is unmatched. Even in the twilight of his career, Ronaldo’s success story continues as he plies his trade in Italy with Juventus.

Lessons from Ronaldo’s Success Story 1. Dedication and hard work are essential Ronaldo showed how training relentlessly can make dreams come true. 2. Believe in your talent Ronaldo had the confidence and work ethic to fulfill his potential. 3. Handle pressure with grace Ronaldo embraced the spotlight and thrived under pressure. 4. Be ambitious and hungry Ronaldo set new benchmarks by constantly raising the bar. 5. Lead by example Ronaldo inspires teammates with his exemplary attitude. 6. Learn and improve Even at the top Ronaldo keeps evolving and adding new skills. 7. Give back Ronaldo uses his global fame and fortune for charity work.

Sum Up Cristiano Ronaldo's remarkable journey showcases the heights that can be reached through a combination of talent and relentless effort. His success serves as an inspiration for anyone with dreams and the determination to make them a reality.

@ 2cde0e02:180a96b9

日本の姫

https://stacker.news/items/998335