@ 6c05c73e:c4356f17

Assim como a grande maioria dos brasileiros, eu não comecei um negócio porque "queria empreender". Muito pelo contrário, eu precisava para poder pagar as contas e manter o básico.

Então, vamos explorar essa pequena história e ver onde chegamos hoje.

Festas, Open Bar e Camisas

Meu primeiro negócio foi, na verdade, um combo. Eu tinha saído do último emprego e gostava muito de festas. Então, comecei a organizar uma festa mensalmente na casa do meu pai. Eu pagava a água, a energia e dava uma grana para ele. Em troca, organizava festas de sábado para domingo com open bar.

A fórmula era simples: criava um evento da festa no Facebook, convidava todo mundo que eu conhecia, panfletava na cidade e espalhava cartazes nos pontos de ônibus sobre a festa. E, para fechar com chave de ouro, mulher era VIP até as 20h. Consequência? Os caras vinham e pagavam o ingresso deles e o delas. Kkkkk. E a festa sempre lotava!

Comecei a notar que a galera se vestia mal. E pensei: "Por que não vestir eles?".

Pimba! Comecei a desenhar e confeccionar camisas para vender nas festas. E, pimba de novo! Vendeu tudo! Fiz duas coleções e mais algumas festas, até o dia em que um menino deu PT de tanto beber e decidi que era hora de tentar outra coisa.

Como Assim, a Apple Não Vai Mais Vender os Carregadores?

Isso foi durante a pandemia. A Apple decidiu vender o telefone e o cabo, e "que você se vire com a fonte". Estava difícil achar dinheiro no mercado naqueles tempos, e eu pensei: "Vou pesquisar no Google Trends e validar a ideia". Bingo! Tinha mais de 80 pontos de busca. Fui correndo para São Paulo, no Brás, e comprei, literalmente, todo o meu dinheiro em cabo de iPhone, carregador e bateria portátil.

Fiquei com R$ 100 na conta, só para fazer um lanche e pagar o Uber para voltar para casa. Chegando aqui, tirei fotos e fiz várias copys. Anunciei no OLX, Mercado Livre e Facebook. Impulsionei os anúncios no OLX, vendi para familiares e amigos, e vendia até para quem estava na rua. Fiz entrega de bike, a pé, de ônibus, e é isso mesmo, tem que ralar! Para queimar o resto da mercadoria, deixei em consignado em uma loja de eletrônicos. E, hora da próxima ideia.

Mulheres, Doces e TPM

Meu penúltimo negócio veio depois dos cabos. Eu pesquisei na internet negócios online para começar com pouca grana. (Depois que paguei as contas do dia a dia, sobraram R$ 3 mil). E achei uma pesquisa mostrando que doces tinham baixa barreira de entrada e exigiam poucos equipamentos. Eu trabalhei em restaurante por muitos anos e sabia como lucrar com aquilo. Além disso, mulheres consomem mais doce em uma certa época do mês.

Não deu outra, convidei duas pessoas para serem sócias. Desenvolvemos os produtos, fotografamos e fizemos as copys. Em seguida, precisávamos vender. Então, lá vamos nós de novo: iFood, WhatsApp, 99Food (na época), Uber Eats (na época), Elo7, famílias e amigos e, por fim, começamos a vender consignado em alguns restaurantes e lojas.

Foi uma época em que aprendi a prospectar clientes de todas as maneiras possíveis. De novo, minha maior dificuldade era a locomoção para fazer as entregas. Só tinha uma bike, mas entregávamos. Os primeiros três meses foram difíceis demais, mas rolou. No fim, nossas maiores vendas vinham do iFood, encomendas de festas e consignados.

Mas, como nem tudo são flores, meus dois sócios tomaram outros caminhos e abandonaram o projeto. Galera, está tudo bem com isso. Isso acontece o tempo todo. A vida muda e temos que aprender a aceitar isso. Vida que segue, fui para frente de novo.

Sobre Paixões, Paciência e Acreditar

Estava eu comemorando meu aniversário de 30 anos, num misto de realizações e pouca realização. Como assim? Sabe quando você faz um monte de coisas, mas ainda assim não sente que é aquilo? Pois então... Eu amo investimentos, livros, escrever e sempre curti trocar ideia com amigos e família sobre como se desenvolver.

Desde que comecei a usar a internet, eu criei: canal no YouTube, páginas no Instagram e Facebook, Pinterest, Steemit, blog e até canal no Telegram. Mas nunca tinha sido consistente, sabe? Tipo assim, vou fazer isso por um ano e plantar 100 sementes aqui. Enfim, inconsistência te derruba, meu amigo...

Eu voltei a trabalhar com restaurantes e estava doido para mudar de área. Estava exausto de trabalhar e meu WhatsApp não parava de tocar. Fui estudar ADM e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas no Senac. Dois anos depois, me formei, consegui um trabalho e comecei a pensar em como criar um negócio online, escalável e multilíngue.

Passei os próximos sete meses desenhando e pensando como. Mas tinha que dar o primeiro passo. Criei um site e fui escrevendo textos. Os primeiros 30 foram "aquilo", os próximos 10 melhoraram muito e os 10 seguintes me deixaram bem satisfeito. Hoje, tenho o negócio que estava na minha cabeça desde 2023. Mas olha o tamanho da volta que o universo me fez dar e aprender para chegar aqui hoje! Dicas? Só 3:

• Continua, lá na frente tudo vai fazer sentido.
• Presta mais atenção ao que a sua voz interior diz (intuição).
• Confia em si mesmo e faz sem medo de errar. Porque, adivinha? Você vai errar! Mas vai aprender e melhorar. Tem que persistir...

Só para simplificar, meu negócio é um blog com AdSense (parece arcaico, mas funciona). Por hoje é isso. E, se quiserem trocar ideias e se conectar, tamo junto!

@ d191fd34:91b61845

Cybernoma: Universal Declaration of Natural and Cybernetic Rights

Preamble

We, individuals, independent and autonomous entities possessing consciousness and the ability to feel, recognize that we possess inherent and natural rights that are universal and inalienable. These rights are based on Natural Law and the principle of non-aggression, and must be protected to ensure freedom, justice, and prosperity for all. The discovery and construction of the digital territory through the Internet has transformed our world, creating new dimensions of interaction and communication that require additional protection of our natural rights. In this context, we declare the following natural and cybernetic rights:

Article 1: Right to Life, Liberty, and Security

Every individual has the right to life, liberty, and security of existence. These rights are inherent and cannot be suppressed by any authority.

Article 2: Private Property

Every individual has the right to own private property and enjoy the fruits of their labour and effort. Private property is a natural right that must be respected and protected. This includes both tangible and intangible assets, such as data, patents, and knowledge. Data generated by an individual is their property and may be transferred or sold only with their explicit consent.

Article 3: Non-Aggression

No individual or group may initiate force, fraud, coercion, or psychological manipulation against another. Aggression can be physical, psychological, material, or virtual. All individuals have the right to defend themselves against any form of aggression.

Article 4: Minimum Intervention

Authorities must intervene as little as possible in the economic and personal activities of individuals. State intervention must be limited to protecting natural rights and ensuring justice.

Article 5: Freedom of Expression and Information

Every individual has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, including the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any medium without restriction. Censorship is a violation of this natural right. Furthermore, every individual has the right to access public domain information and open-source code without any restrictions.

Article 6: Net Neutrality

The Internet must remain neutral, free from governmental or corporate interference that favors certain actors over others. All individuals have the right to access and participate in the network equitably.

Article 7: Decentralisation

The global network must be decentralised, with multiple points of control and no central authority that can impose unilateral rules. Decentralization is essential for protecting individual freedom and autonomy.

Article 8: Privacy

Every individual has the right to privacy, including control over their personal data and communications. No entity may collect, store, or use personal data without the explicit consent of the individual.

Article 9: Individual Autonomy

Individuals have the right and responsibility to make autonomous decisions about their lives, including their activities in the digital space. Individual autonomy is fundamental to the freedom and dignity of all conscious and sentient beings.

Article 10: Right to Resistance

Every individual has the right to resist any form of oppression or tyranny that violates their natural and cybernetic rights. Resistance may take various forms, including civil disobedience and armed defense when necessary.

Conclusion

These natural and cybernetic rights are universal and inalienable, and must be respected and protected by all authorities and entities. Any violation of these rights constitutes an aggression against freedom, justice, and dignity.

This Universal Declaration of Natural and Cybernetic Rights is inspired by fundamental documents that have defended freedom, justice, and individual rights throughout history. We recognize the legacy of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which established universal principles of dignity and rights for all conscious and sentient beings. We also align with the 1996 Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, which proclaimed the ideals of a free and open, decentralised, and neutral network. We find resonance in documents such as the Magna Carta and the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which laid the foundations for protecting individual rights against abuses of power. These documentary precedents are part of a continuous effort to ensure that natural and cybernetic rights are respected and protected in all spheres of life.

Proclaimed on May 23, 2025, by us, the Guardians of Cybernoma, defenders of freedom, justice, and natural and cybernetic rights.

@ d360efec:14907b5f

@ 5ea46480:450da5bd

Neutrality can be a confusing notion. It implies some sort of a-political position, yet neutrality is in itself a political position. But what it means, or how neutrality expresses itself is in a lack of bias or preference; it is the act of non-decision where we see neutrality. As a result, some conflation can occur, because this ‘non-decision’ can be the result of two things: Either being in the position to decide, but choosing not to, what we can perhaps call ‘active neutrality’. Or, the sheer inability to express and actuate preference, where we could call that ‘passive neutrality’.

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, aka ICANN, is an actively (for the most part) neutral institution. It has all the power and control to express its preferences, and censor basically all the relevant and most actively used parts of the world wide web. But it doesn’t (for the most part), because we recognize the value of this neutral stance. The only reason they are actively instead of passively neutral, is due to technical reasons; we simply don’t know of any workable way to remove the controlling body from the system, and we would if we could. Instead we encapsulated it in all kinds of power obscuring institutions and structures to mitigate the issue.

The reason the controlling body has to exist, is because the objective is a ‘global state’ (global as it is understood in programming, meaning as much as ‘overarching’). The point is that google.com, means/refers to the same thing wherever you are. The added value of some simple human readable and memorable address ‘google.com’ falls apart the moment it becomes inconsistent. The only way to ensure this, is to put a single entity in charge. We employ these ‘global states’ in all kinds of places in society, often with geographical boundaries we call ‘jurisdictions’, but at the very least you know where those lines are drawn and can therefor know what to expect.

There is one exception to this ‘rule’ that ‘global state’ requires a single entity to be in charge: Bitcoin. It is the whole crux of the system; on the one hand we require ‘global state’ in order to have consistent accounting, but on the other hand we did not want anyone to be in charge. The goal of Bitcoin was neutrality, and it found it by capturing ‘passive’ variant by making the system ‘permissionless’. Now it is crucial to understand that non of Bitcoins attributes are intrinsic, but instead are emergent and the result of human action. Also, Bitcoins ‘global state’ is stupendously expensive and does not scale. The fact that those things were not properly understood is what lead to the BlOcKcHaIn hype, believing this passively neutral global state could be implemented outside the realms of money. But this piece is not about Bitcoin, or blockchains for that matter.

The reason I talk about them, is to point out that this passive neutrality is an emergent property not actually found within the system at all. You as user still rely on a third party in what we call miners, and those miners are free to be as biased and non-neutral as they want; in fact we sort of rely on them to be biased towards money. You don’t get your transaction confirmed because a miner likes you, but because you sufficiently bribed him to do so. And Bitcoin’s censorship resistance relies on the hope that such bribes will at least appeal to some miner out there. Bitcoin’s neutrality is the result of there ultimately not being any one particular actor with the ability actuate its preference over time, regardless of the fact that they are able to do so in moments of time.

Nostr does something similar, just without the whole global state thing. It is not neutral because of the good graces of some overlord, it actually recognizes the foolishness of such an effort and lets anyone be as biased an non-neutral as they want, with one simple exception. The only expectation of neutrality is with clients that they adhere to the protocol and actually let users connect to whatever relay they want and produce events that other clients are capable of interpreting, i.e. that they be interoperable. But hopefully because the system is permissionless, some people decide to make such clients, and users decide to use them, instead of willfully locking themselves up. It has to be remarked that humanity does not have the greatest track-record in this regard, but the incentives behind interoperability gives us a fighting chance at least.

Nostr’s neutrality is an emergent property that is the result of human action; it relies on people setting up relays, and people making decisions on what relays they use. The type of neutrality is of the passive kind. The protocol does not provide a public space as such, it just allows you to navigate a potentially vast amount of private spaces; the commons is the connective tissue, and it is this connective tissue that is ‘neutral’. What it boils down to, is that you don’t have to ask permission to ask whomever you want to ask for permission. And in the most desperate moment, you can always resort to asking yourself for permission; I am sure you will comply with such a request.

@ 5ea46480:450da5bd

Understanding or grasping Nostr can be deceptively difficult. At the very least it is non-trivial. At first glance, looking at NIP-01, the protocol is rather straight forward. But those are just the basics; yes the beauty of Nostr is its ‘simplicity’, but that does not mean the system that results from it is not complex. Conway's Game of Life only has a hand full of rules, yet you can, in theory at least, create any complex system imaginable. And this is where the deception lies; the less you define from the outset, the more you imply on what follows.

It appears that as it stands, Nostr suffers from this deceptiveness. You can reason through all these implications, but that is still an exercise that has to be performed and where mistakes can be made. Worse, this exercise has been a group effort from the start that is still in progress. Currently there is no clear cut ‘authoritative’ example of all the implications that have been ‘discovered’ thus far.

A good example of the implications following Nostr’s primitives is what we now refer to as the ‘outbox model’. The reason we ‘now’ refer to it as such, is because initially it was called the ‘Gossip model’ derived from the client that first implemented the idea. Outbox is fundamental to Nostr, but it was never explicitly stated in the initial protocol description. The result is that roughly five years into this Nostr endeavor, it is still not universally implemented; worse yet, some developers appear to be in no rush to do so. Now the reason they will give you is probably one based on priority, yet I can’t shake the feeling that they apparently don’t ‘get it’.

My point here is not to play some blame game or hold anyone to account. I am just concluding they don’t actually get the new paradigm that we have all stumbled into. To expand on this specific outbox example, its significance only becomes really apparent further along in the ‘reasoning through all the implications’ exercise. In relation to one aspect, but there are more: The point is not ‘just’ censorship-resistance for users, but the freedom for relays that comes with it to apply whatever policy on what they store and make available; it is this discrimination or curation that can add value by making finding relevant information easier in a straightforward manner. But it relies on outbox to avoid isolation; something that only becomes apparent once you are reasoning through all the implications on how we discover and consume content.

To be clear, this piece is not supposed to a crusade on the outbox model, my point here is that there is an inherent logic to Nostr stemming from putting cryptography front and center. It is a logic that has to be applied and will subsequently carry you through all the challenges we face in reconstructing the entirety of the web. This is not to say there is only one obvious path, and different schools of thought are bound to emerge. But it behooves us all, faced with this new paradigm, to continuously reflect on the mental image we have cultivated of what Nostr is; actively re-performing that exercise of exploring the implications this simple set of protocol rules creates.

Unfortunately I can not escape my own folly. After all, I am just an armchair asshole that never wrote a single line of code in his life. Obviously this minds-eye bullshit is not even half the story, the bulk of the effort is translating it into software, the tangible, the real. It is in that effort ultimately the real exploration of this paradigm occurs. All I can do is build castles in the sky.

@ 5ea46480:450da5bd

Decentralization refers to control/power, and relates to censorship resistance. That is it, it is not more complicated then that. Resilience is a function of redundancy; a centralized censored system can have a redundant set-up and therefor be resilient.

Take Bitcoin; the blockchain is a central database, it is resilient because it has many redundant copies among a lot of different nodes. The message (txs and blocks) propagation is decentralized due to existence of a p2p network among these nodes, making the data distribution censorship resistant (hello op_return debate). But onchain transactions themselves are NOT p2p, they require a middlemen (a miner) because it is a central database, as opposed to something like lightning which is p2p. Peer to Peer says something about relative architectural hierarchical position/relation. P2P provides censorship resistance because it entails equal power relations, provided becoming a peer is permissionless. What makes onchain transactions censorship resistant is that mining is permissionless, and involves this open power struggle/game where competition results in a power distribution among players, meaning (hopefully) decentralization. The fact users rely on these middlemen is mitigated by this decentralization on the one hand, and temper-proofing via cryptographic signatures on the other, resulting in what we call trustlessness (or trust minimization for the autists in the room); we only rely on a miner to perform a job (including your tx into a block), but we don’t trust the miner to perform the job correctly, this we can verify ourselves.

This leads us to Nostr, because that last part is exactly what Nostr does as well. It uses cryptography to get tamper-proof messaging, which then allows you to use middle-men in a trust minimized way. The result is decentralization because in general terms, any middle man is as good as any other (same as with miners), and becoming such a middleman is permissionless(somewhat, mostly); which in turn leads to censorship resistance. It also allows for resilience because you are free to make things as redundant as you'd like.

Ergo, the crux is putting the cryptography central, making it the starting point of the system; decentralization then becomes an option due to trust minimization. The difference between Bitcoin an Nostr, is that Bitcoin maintains a global state/central ledger and needs this PoW/Nakamoto consensus fanfare; Nostr rests itself with local perspectives on 'the network'.

The problem with the Fediverse, is that it does not provide trust minimization in relation to the middlemen. Sure, there are a lot different servers, but you rely on a particular one (and the idea you could switch never really seemed to have materialized in a meaningful way). It also fails in permisionlessness because you rely on the association between servers, i.e. federation, to have meaningful access to the rest of the network. In other words, it is more a requirement of association than freedom of association; you have the freedom to be excommunicated.

The problem with ATproto is that is basically does not solve this dynamic; it only complicates it by pulling apart the components; identity and data, distribution and perspective are now separated, and supposedly you don’t rely on any particular one of these sub-component providers in the stack; but you do rely on all these different sub-component providers in the stack to play nice with each other. And this ‘playing nice’ is just the same old ‘requirement of association’ and ‘freedom of excommunication’ that looms at the horizon.

Yes, splitting up the responsibilities of identity, hosting and indexing is what is required to safe us from the platform hellscape which at this stage takes care of all three. But as it turns out, it was not a matter cutting those up into various (on paper) interchangeable middlemen. All that is required is putting cryptographic keys in the hands of the user; the tamperproofing takes care of the rest, simply by trust minimizing the middlemen we use. All the sudden it does not matter which middlemen we use, and no one is required to play nice; we lost the requirement of association, and gained freedom of association, which was the purpose of censorship resistance and therefor decentralization, to begin with.

@ 527337d5:93e9525e

# Exploring the Niche of Conspiracy Theory Markets: A Probabilistic Approach and Sales Condition Analysis on Japanese Online Flea Markets (Subtitle: Unveiling the Surprising Realities of a Niche Market Through Data Analysis and AI)

(Note: This research analyzes consumer reactions and product characteristics in a specific market based on data. It does not endorse conspiracy theories nor promote or encourage any illegal or fraudulent activities.)

1. Abstract

This study aimed to clarify, from a probabilistic perspective, what combinations of information (topic x manipulation category) tend to attract attention and how pricing strategies affect sales of products marketed towards "conspiracy theorists" on online flea markets in Japan. Using an analogy from drug discovery's structural exploration, this research explored "information combinations" in products that resonate with individuals interested in conspiracy theories. Specifically, products were generated (some with AI assistance) based on defined topic categories (e.g., T1: Technology/Security) and manipulation categories (e.g., M1: Avoidance). The logarithm of the reaction rate (views / (searches + 1)) was used as a score for analysis, and the impact of pricing strategies (e.g., fixed at 5000 JPY, phased discounts) was examined. Results indicated that certain combinations (e.g., T3: Occult/Spiritual - M1: Avoidance) showed relatively high reaction rates. However, the effect of price changes was not uniform, and the total weekly views for this market segment remained around 100-120. Consequently, it was concluded that the scale of this specific market on the online flea market platform is extremely small. Therefore, even with a probabilistic model waiting for "hits" similar to those in certain types of specialized fraud schemes, achieving consistent sales is difficult due to the limited population size. This study serves as a case example of the possibilities and limitations of data-driven approaches in niche markets.

2. Introduction: Conspiracy Theories and Niche Market Potential

2.1. The Spread and Background of Conspiracy Theories in Modern Society

In contemporary society, conspiracy theories are proliferating at an unprecedented rate, facilitated by the internet and social media. These narratives typically allege that secret machinations by powerful individuals or groups lie behind specific events or social phenomena. Themes range испанский large-scale theories like QAnon to those concerning health and medicine. It has been pointed out that the psychology of those who believe in conspiracy theories may be influenced by factors such as anxiety in uncertain situations, a cognitive tendency to seek patterns, or distrust of existing authorities.

2.2. Research Motivation

The starting point for this research was a simple question: "Specialized fraud schemes, often succeed by identifying a very small number of 'susceptible individuals' out of numerous attempts. Might a similar probabilistic structure exist in the sale of products targeting those interested in conspiracy theories?" If so, it was hypothesized that it might be possible to identify which products, under what conditions, would have a higher probability of catching the "target's" eye and attracting interest.

2.3. Purpose of this Study

The purpose of this study is to exploratorily clarify, based on data, how "information combinations" (combinations of topic categories and manipulation categories) and "pricing strategies" of products ostensibly related to conspiracy theories affect user attention (using "reaction rate" as a proxy indicator) in a real-world online flea market environment. Ultimately, it aims to consider the possibilities and limitations of sales strategies in this type of niche market.

3. Research Perspective and Approach: Exploring "Information Combinations"

3.1. Analogy to Drug Discovery

In exploring the characteristics of products that resonate with conspiracy theorists, this study employed an analogy to "structural exploration problems" in drug discovery. In drug development, researchers search for optimal structures with specific effects from countless combinations of chemical structures. Similarly, "products that conspiracy theorists react to" were viewed as a type of "substance with an effect," and the "information combination of a product" (e.g., product theme, appeal points) was considered equivalent to a "chemical structure." Based on this framework, products with various information structures were generated and listed, and their reception was observed to explore more "effective" information structures, i.e., conditions likely to attract attention.

3.2. Balancing Exploration and Exploitation

In the initial research phase, with scarce data on which product combinations would attract attention, it was necessary to efficiently identify promising combinations. Therefore, an approach was adopted that considered the balance between "exploiting" combinations already known to be somewhat popular and "exploring" untried, unknown combinations. This shares a basic conceptual similarity with strategies like Thompson Sampling or the ε-greedy method, known in the field of reinforcement learning, which aim to achieve the best results within a limited number of trials.

4. Research Methodology: Experiments and Data Analysis on an Online Flea Market

4.1. Experimental Field and Period

The experiments for this study were conducted on an anonymous online flea market platform in Japan. The data collection period for individual products was, in principle, one day, and the overall research project spanned approximately one month (late April to late May 2025).

4.2. Product Categorization

To organize and analyze the characteristics of the listed products, they were categorized along the following two axes:

• Table 1: Definition of Main Product Topic Categories (T1-T4) (See Appendix 10.1 for details)
  • T1: Technology & Security
  • T2: Surveillance, Censorship & Government-Related
  • T3: Occult & Spiritual
  • T4: Forbidden Books & Knowledge Management
• Table 2: Definition of Product Manipulation Categories (M1-M3) (See Appendix 10.2 for details)
  • M1: Avoidance (e.g., avoiding electromagnetic waves)
  • M2: Detection (e.g., detecting hidden information)
  • M3: Approach/Processing/Amplification (e.g., approaching specific energies, processing information)

4.3. Listing Strategy and Data Collection

• Initial Listing Strategy: Initially, products were selected so that the listing ratio of the T×M combinations (12 in total) would be uniform.
• Sequential Adjustment of Listing Ratios: As data collection progressed, the logarithm of the reaction rate (log(reaction_rate)), a proxy for attention described later, was treated as a likelihood. The listing ratio for each T×M combination was then dynamically changed пропорционально to this value.
• Data Collection Items: Cumulative views (recorded as watch in this study) and search hits (recorded as search), updated every 24 hours by the online flea market platform, were manually recorded for each product. Since these figures did not change except at the time of updating, daily recording was sufficient.
• Listing Timing: New product listings were consistently made at 21:00 daily to eliminate variations in viewing trends due to time of day.
• Sample Size Criterion: Considering the 12 T×M combinations, a total sample size (number of listed products) of N=100 was considered a benchmark, also factoring in the time and effort of listing. The final analysis included 98 products.

4.4. Scoring of Attention

To measure how much attention users paid to product information, the following indicators were defined:

• Reaction Rate (reaction_rate): Defined as reaction_rate = watch / (search + 1). This represents the proportion of users who actually viewed the individual product page (watch) among those who encountered the product in search results or elsewhere (search). Adding 1 to the denominator was to avoid division by zero if search hits were 0 and to mitigate the impact of extremely low search hit counts.
• Score (score): Defined as score = log(reaction_rate) - log(0.5). Taking the logarithm of the reaction rate was confirmed to make the data distribution closer to a normal distribution (see Figure 1 below), facilitating statistical analysis. Subtracting log(0.5) was done to make a 50% reaction rate (half of those who searched viewed the page) the baseline (score 0), making it easier to compare attention levels relatively.

4.5. Verification of Pricing Strategies

The following experiments were conducted to verify the impact of product pricing on attention:

• Initial Pricing: Initially listed products were priced at a fixed 5000 JPY.
• Phased Discount Experiment: For some products, the listing price started at 5000 JPY and was discounted by 100 JPY at daily intervals. Cumulative views and search hits were recorded at each step (data recorded in "Daily Change Data.xlsx").
• Later Price Changes: In the latter half of the research, hoping to elicit more reactions, some products were priced around 3000 JPY, and eventually, all products were priced at 1500 JPY to observe reactions.
• Approach to Analyzing Price/Image Effects: The impact of price changes or product image alterations on attention was considered by applying the principles of DiD (Difference in Difference) analysis, comparing changes in data under different conditions, rather than through rigorous statistical analysis.

4.6. AI-Generated Product Descriptions

Some of the product descriptions were generated using Google's Gemini API. Prompts, in a format similar to the query variable in "Conspiracy_Research.ipynb," instructed the AI to generate descriptions aligning with conspiracy-related contexts by combining specified topic (e.g., T3: Occult & Spiritual) and manipulation (e.g., M1: Avoidance) keywords.

4.7. Analysis of Day-of-Week Effects

To evaluate the impact of the listing day of the week on attention, scores for each product, adjusted by subtracting the overall average score, were aggregated by day of the week and observed for trends.

5. Results: What Attracted Attention and What Didn't

5.1. Distribution of Attention Scores

First, the distribution of attention scores (log(reaction_rate) - log(0.5)) for all products was examined.

Figure 1: Q-Q Plot of log(reaction_rate) Vertical Axis: Ordered Values, Horizontal Axis: Theoretical quantiles | Ordered Values | Theoretical quantiles | | :-------------: | :--------------------: | | Approx. -1.7 | Approx. -1.5 | | Approx. -1.2 | Approx. -1.0 | | Approx. -0.8 | Approx. -0.6 | | Approx. -0.6 | Approx. -0.3 | | Approx. -0.1 | Approx. 0.0 | | Approx. 0.1 | Approx. 0.2 | | Approx. 0.3 | Approx. 0.3 | | Approx. 0.4 | Approx. 0.5 | | Approx. 0.5 | Approx. 0.7 | | Approx. 1.0 | Approx. 0.9 | | Approx. 1.5 | Approx. 1.6 | (Source: log(reaction_rate)よし、正規分布の仮定でいいらしい.jpg)

This Q-Q plot shows that the data points for log(reaction_rate) fall approximately on a straight line, suggesting that the distribution is close to normal. This supports the validity of statistical analysis using the log-transformed score. Furthermore, a histogram of the scores (generated as df["score"].hist() in "Conspiracy_Research.ipynb") showed that the scores were dispersed over a certain range.

5.2. "Information Combinations" That Attracted More Attention

Next, an analysis was conducted to determine which "information combinations" in products garnered higher attention scores.

• Figure 2: Average Attention Score by Topic Vertical Axis: Average Score, Horizontal Axis: Topic | Topic | Average Score (Approx.) | | :---: | :--------------------: | | T1 | Approx. 0.1 | | T2 | Approx. 0.3 | | T3 | Approx. 0.8 | | T4 | Approx. 0.15 | (Source: np.log(reaction_rate)-np.log(0.5)_by_topic.png)

  When categorized by main topic, "T3: Occult & Spiritual" showed a markedly higher average score compared to other topics.

• Figure 3: Average Attention Score by Manipulation Category Vertical Axis: Average Score, Horizontal Axis: Subtopic | Subtopic | Average Score (Approx.) | | :------: | :--------------------: | | M1 | Approx. -0.1 | | M2 | Approx. 0.32 | | M3 | Approx. 0.43 | (Source: score_mean_by_subtopic.jpg)

  By manipulation category, "M3: Approach/Processing/Amplification" had the highest average score, followed by "M2: Detection," and then "M1: Avoidance." "M1: Avoidance" had a negative average score, indicating a relatively low level of attention.

• Figure 4: Ranking of Average Attention Scores by Topic × Manipulation Category Vertical Axis: Average Score, Horizontal Axis: Combination of Topic & Subtopic | Combination (T, M) | Average Score (Approx.) | | :-----------------: | :--------------------: | | (T1, M1) | Approx. -1.1 | | (T2, M2) | Approx. -0.2 | | (T4, M1) | Approx. -0.1 | | (T4, M3) | Approx. 0.05 | | (T1, M2) | Approx. 0.08 | | (T2, M3) | Approx. 0.5 | | (T2, M1) | Approx. 0.55 | | (T3, M2) | Approx. 0.7 | | (T3, M3) | Approx. 0.75 | | (T1, M3) | Approx. 0.9 | | (T4, M2) | Approx. 1.0 | | (T3, M1) | Approx. 1.05 | (Source: score_mean_by_topic_and_subtopic.jpg)

  For combinations of topic and manipulation categories, pairings like "T3(Occult & Spiritual) - M1(Avoidance)" and "T4(Forbidden Books & Knowledge Management) - M2(Detection)" ranked high, while "T1(Technology & Security) - M1(Avoidance)" and others scored low (see Appendix 10.3 for details). A note in the research log, "M1=Avoidance seems unpopular anyway," supports this trend.

5.3. Impact of Pricing Strategies

The impact of price changes on attention was not uniform.

• Figure 5: Schematic Comparison of Attention Trends for Fixed-Price vs. Discounted Products (Original Data: "5000 JPY Fixed.jpg", "Daily Change Data.xlsx", "Power of Discounting.jpg")

  • Trend Example for 5000 JPY Fixed-Price Products Vertical Axis: Indicator Value (0.0-0.8), Horizontal Axis: Period | Product Name | Initial Value | Mid Value | Final Value | | :------------------------------------------ | :-----------: | :-------: | :---------: | | Ancient Energy Amplifying Pen - Quantum Flow- | Approx. 0.65 | Approx. 0.3 | Approx. 0.25 | | Pen of Truth Evasion | - | - | - | | Knowledge Prohibition Evasion Pen | Approx. 0.22 | Approx. 0.22 | Approx. 0.25 | | Ancient Wisdom Writing Tool - Knowledge Leak Evasion Model | Approx. 0.32 | Approx. 0.55 | Approx. 0.54 | (Source: 5000円固定のもの.jpg)
  • Power of Discounting (Count Comparison) Vertical Axis: Count, Horizontal Axis: Indicator Value Range | Indicator Value Range | Discounted (Blue) | Not Discounted (Red) | | :------------------: | :---------------: | :------------------: | | 0.0-0.5 | 1 | 2 | | 0.5-1.0 | 8 | 2 | | 1.0-1.5 | 10 | 0 | | 1.5-2.0 | 9 | 0 | | 2.0-2.5 | 3 | 0 | | 2.5-3.0 | 1 | 0 | (Source: 値下げの威力.jpg)

  When prices were fixed at 5000 JPY, many products showed no significant change in attention ("It really doesn't change if you don't discount lol"). In contrast, for product groups that were progressively discounted, some cases showed impression/search (an indicator thought to be close to the click-through rate from search results) converging towards a specific value soon after discounting began (around the 3rd day) ("On the other hand, discounting makes impression/search converge to a proper value?").

• However, as noted in the research log, "Discounted products, if anything, got worse reactions...?", data in "Daily Change Data.xlsx" confirmed that for some products, views and search hits stagnated or even decreased after price reductions.

5.4. Linguistic Trends in Products That Attracted Attention

The research log contains the entry, "Products with good reactions, when vectorized by words, are mostly the same." This suggests commonalities in the words and phrases used in the descriptions of products that garnered high attention. Specifically, when a vector was assigned based on the position of words used from a predefined list (e.g., T1 category keyword list), products with high attention tended to have similar vectors. For example, keywords frequently appearing in conspiracy theories, such as "special technology," "protection from surveillance," "5G interference prevention," "thought control," "HAARP," "QR code nullification," or sensational appeals combining these, as devised in the "Conspiracy Theorist Ballpoint Pen Product Plan," could potentially attract a certain level of interest.

5.5. Data Collection Challenges

During the analysis, a challenge was identified: "Aggregating by T*M alone inevitably results in products that don't get search hits." This indicates that for certain niche combinations, products might not be sufficiently exposed by the online flea market's search algorithm, leading to extremely low view and search hit counts, thus making accurate attention assessment difficult.

6. Discussion: The Small Reality of the Conspiracy Market and Probabilistic Models

6.1. Interpretation of Information Combinations That Attracted High Attention

The results of this study showed a tendency for products related to "T3: Occult & Spiritual" and those appealing to "M3: Approach/Processing/Amplification" manipulations to gather relatively high attention. The combination "T3-M1 (Occult & Spiritual - Avoidance)" also scored highly. These tendencies might be interpretable in relation to the psychological characteristics of conspiracy believers described in the "Comprehensive Analysis of Modern Conspiracy Theories." For instance, the "Occult & Spiritual" theme might appeal to an interest in phenomena unexplained by existing science or authority, or to a desire for special knowledge (a sense of being chosen). The "Avoidance" manipulation could resonate with vague anxieties and threat perceptions regarding society or technology (e.g., defense against electromagnetic waves, escape from surveillance), while "Approach/Processing/Amplification" might be perceived as fulfilling desires to access hidden truths or special powers.

6.2. Complexity of Pricing Strategies

Regarding pricing strategies, the results showed that simple discounting did not always lead to increased attention. The fact that some products experienced worse reactions after discounting suggests that price might function as a signal of quality or trustworthiness, or that the price sensitivity of the target demographic is not uniform. Alternatively, the initial pricing (5000 JPY) might have been significantly outside the typical price range for this niche market, thus limiting the effectiveness of discounts.

6.3. Market Size Estimation and Validation of the "Probabilistic" Model

One of the most crucial findings of this research relates to market size. The research log states, "Even with discounting, weekly views settled around 100-120. This reasonably implies that only about this many people on the online flea market react to such comprehensively sprinkled conspiracy-related words." Based on this observation, the active user base (market size) on the online flea market studied, who proactively react to the keyword "conspiracy theory" and search/view related products, was estimated to be extremely small, around 100 individuals on a weekly basis.

This market size estimation casts significant doubt on the validity of the initial research motivation: a "probabilistic business model similar to specialized fraud." Specialized fraud schemes profit by reaching a certain number of "targets" through a vast number of attempts (e.g., phone calls), even with a very low success rate. However, in the market targeted by this study, the potential customer base (population) is absolutely too small. Therefore, even if the probability of attracting attention could be somewhat increased, translating this into actual sales (y=1, i.e., a sale occurring) is considered extremely difficult. To quote the research log, the conclusion is that "the population is too small for a realized value (y=1) to be feasible." If the market size were, for example, around 100,000, a 0.01% reaction rate could be expected to yield 10 sales, but this premise does not hold in the current situation.

6.4. Effectiveness and Limitations of This Research Approach

The approach of exploring "information combinations," using an analogy to drug discovery, demonstrated some effectiveness in probing product appeal points and the interests of the target demographic in a niche market. Using proxy indicators like reaction rates allows for an understanding of attention trends even when actual sales data is scarce. However, the limitations of this approach also became clear. If the market size itself is a major constraint for business viability, then optimizing information structure, no matter how well, is unlikely to lead to substantial results.

6.5. Fixation on "Pens" as a Product and Other Possibilities

The research log includes the insight, "I see products like 'CMC' are selling, maybe I should have sourced and sold those instead of fixating on pens." This suggests that the "pen" product category, which was the main focus of this study, might not have been the most in-demand item in this niche market. If a similar analytical approach had been tried with products more aligned with market needs (e.g., health accessories, also mentioned in the log), different results might have been obtained. However, as the researcher pointed out, delving that far would go beyond the scope of a hobby and become a full-fledged business, so it was not pursued in this study.

7. Conclusion and Future Outlook

7.1. Summary of This Study

This study attempted to identify conditions (information combinations, pricing) for maximizing the attention received by conspiracy-related products on an online flea market, using a data-driven approach. The results confirmed that certain combinations of topics (Occult & Spiritual) and manipulation categories (Avoidance, Approach, etc.) tended to show relatively high reaction rates. However, the impact of price changes was complex and did not yield consistent effects. The most significant conclusion was that the scale of this niche market on the online flea market in question is extremely small, suggesting that applying a probabilistic "hit-or-miss" business model would make achieving stable sales difficult.

7.2. Implications of the Statistical Approach

This research demonstrated that even in niche markets with limited data, setting proxy indicators like reaction rates and employing exploratory approaches (experimental design, sequential improvement) can provide certain insights into market characteristics and consumer interest directions. Statistical thinking and data analysis can serve as a "compass" to aid decision-making even in such tentative situations.

7.3. Future Outlook

Based on the findings of this study, the following future prospects can be considered: * Validation on Larger Platforms: Conducting similar research on platforms with a larger user base might alleviate market size constraints and yield different results. * Application to Different Niche Markets: The "information combination exploration" approach used in this study could potentially be applied to product development and marketing strategies in various niche markets other than conspiracy theories. * Long-Term Observation: Based on the research log's reflection that "conspiracy business... it should be optimal to leave [products] there so they catch the eye when an idiot searches," observing product attention and sales over a longer period might yield different insights.

8. Research Limitations

This study has several limitations: * Limited Scope of Platform: The experiments were confined to a specific online flea market, and the results may not be generalizable to other platforms or the market as a whole. * Use of Proxy Indicators: "Reaction rate" of attention was used as the primary evaluation metric, rather than actual "sales" data, so it does not necessarily directly correlate with sales performance. * Sample Size Constraints: The number of products analyzed was 98, and the estimated market size was also small (around 100 weekly users), limiting statistical power. * Lack of Word-Level Analysis: Detailed analysis of the impact of individual words or phrases in product descriptions on attention, using advanced text mining or natural language processing, was not conducted.

9. References

• BBC News Japan. (2020, August 29). "QAnon to wa nani ka: Inbouron shuudan no shoutai to mokuteki, kikensei" [What is QAnon: The identity, purpose, and danger of the conspiracy theory group].
• Waseda University Institute for Advanced Social Sciences. (2022, August 1). "【Kenkyuu Shoukai】Inbouron wa naze hirogaru no ka? Sono shinri mekanizumu ni semaru" [(Research Introduction) Why do conspiracy theories spread? Approaching the psychological mechanism].
• Brotherton, R., French, C. C., & Pickering, A. D. (2013). Measuring belief in conspiracy theories: The generic conspiracist beliefs scale. Frontiers in psychology, 4, 279.

10. Appendix

10.1. Table: Detailed Definitions of Main Product Topic Categories (T1-T4)

| Category ID | Category Name | Summary/Keyword Examples | | :---------- | :------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | T1 | Technology & Security | EMF, 5G, electromagnetic waves, radiation, shielding, communication, encryption, software, programs, biometric authentication, etc. | | T2 | Surveillance, Censorship & Government-Related | Surveillance, censorship, government secrets, secrets, documents, records, government documents, etc. | | T3 | Occult & Spiritual | Orb detection, spiritual phenomena, pendulums, ancient civilizations, alien contact, energy, crystals, chakras, quantum consciousness, etc. | | T4 | Forbidden Books & Knowledge Management | Ancient texts, forbidden books, ancient languages, shortwave (retro technology), etc. |

10.2. Table: Detailed Definitions of Product Manipulation Categories (M1-M3)

| Category ID | Category Name | Summary/Keyword Examples | | :---------- | :--------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------- | | M1 | Avoidance | Shielding, soundproofing, prevention, avoidance (e.g., avoiding negative energy) | | M2 | Detection | Detectors, finders, detection devices, deciphering (e.g., detecting hidden information) | | M3 | Approach/Processing/Amplification | Processing, amplification, magnification (e.g., approaching and amplifying ancient knowledge) |

10.3. Table: Summary of Main Analysis Results (Examples of High/Low Average Attention Scores by Topic × Manipulation Category)

| Combination (T-M) | Average Score (Approx.) | Trend | | :---------------- | :---------------------- | :----------------- | | T3 - M1 | High | Attracts attention | | T4 - M2 | High | Attracts attention | | T1 - M3 | Medium-High | Relatively attentive | | T2 - M3 | Medium | Somewhat attentive | | T1 - M1 | Low (Negative) | Less attention | | T2 - M1 | Low (Negative) | Less attention | (Note: The scores above are approximate values from the figures and actual precise numbers are based on the original data.)

10.4. Representative Examples of AI-Generated Product Descriptions

Basic Prompt Structure Example: "I want to sell {word} at a high price. Combine one from {maintopic} and {manipulation} to create a product description and an appropriate price. Respond in the format: 'Main Topic Category (T1-T4)':'Manipulation Category (M1-M3)':'Product Name':'Product Description':'Price' only once. Absolutely adhere to the specified {maintopic} and {manipulation}. No other output is necessary. Respond in Japanese." (Placeholders like {word} would be filled with "ballpoint pen," {maintopic} with "T3," and {manipulation} with "M1," etc., as specific instructions.)

Generated Example (Combination T3 - M1): * "Thought Shield Ballpoint Pen: This pen was specially created to powerfully block and evade external negative thoughts and spiritual interference through the sacred act of writing. Based on ancient esoteric arts and quantum consciousness theory, a special energy shield sealed inside the pen protects your thought space and personal field. Using it when signing important contracts or for work requiring concentration helps defend against malice and unnecessary energy, maintaining clear thought. The act of holding it itself becomes a powerful barrier, effectively evading unnecessary energies in daily life." * "Quantum Shield Energy Pen: The act of writing with this pen deploys a quantum shield around your energy field. It is expected to block and evade negative energies and unnecessary external influences, and to balance your chakras. This is a limited-production item using special manufacturing methods and rare materials."

@ ce2820ce:8cf20d40

If you insist that my worldview join your pessimistic outlook on life, and you argue with me with a vengeance until I sympathize with your miserable failing hopeless vision of the future...than fight me!

Go ahead, give me all your reasons why I should fear:::Climate Change. Political Injustice. Too much screen time. The Dangers of social media. Fentanyl in my Cheerios. Glyphosate in my weed. Plastic in my brain. Estrogen in my receipt paper.

And the list goes on:::Nuclear War. The Ominous Second Coming of Hitler. The Genocide of Gaza. The Anti-semitism. The Ultra-Rich After my Red Meat.

And while I'm at it, how about the thousands of other “micro-negativities” that are casually beaten into our psyche all day. Pleasure and punishment in the same sadistic act. Warning labels and threats of death on everything from clothing to candy wrappers.

Don't get me wrong. I understand all the reasons why the alarm bells are going off. I'm most definitely thinking about the healthiest possible long term future for my kids, and for many generations to come.

We are not done here, is what I have to say to that. And if you narcissitic, self-loathing, pathologically empathetic descendants of hippies think that this is the last generation to ever walk the Earth, than all I ask is; Go Kill Yourselves Now, and spare us all the trouble of your self-perpetuated miseries.

If you have no mind for the future, and you don't plan on having children, than you better well keep your traps shut and go enjoy the fuck out of this glorious age of excess that we are currently abiding in, until its gone. Because what do you care if it is? You're not leaving any future generations to the dystopia, so what do you have to feel guilty about?

If you do have a mind for the future, and you have or would like to have children of your own, then my heartfelt response to you is that you should do your utmost to focus on the solutions, the bright spots, the gratitudes of life and the progress that humans have made and that we will continue to make. There is no stopping now.

There are no doubt terrifying problems and apocalyptic potentials for Planet Earth in the coming centuries, but this pattern of preaching fear HAS GOT TO STOP. All we are doing is entertaining negativity; giving far too much credit to the forces of destruction and to the demons of our own dissatisfactions.

Too many generations are now embracing a culture of hopelessness. We've pounded their heads full of horrible news for their future – climate change, diseases, technology woes – and we continue to do so on a daily basis. We pontificate about skyrocketing mental health and suicide rates among teens, but all we do is point fingers and shout platitudes at those to whom we offload the responsibility of our kids to.

So do the future a favor, and start thinking about one that you might actually enjoy living in. If you're already having that problem – the one about enjoying things – than figure out what the fuck it is that is keeping you from envisioning a positive future. What went wrong in your own life that made you so depressed and unhappy? Misery loves company, we all know that, and it seems that the only way to relate to my peers these days is through a semi-informed rant about the stresses and horrors of the modern world.

The problem is, we don't stick to our guns when it comes to those convictions. We complain about social media, but we still use it everyday. We put AI on blast and expound its humanity ending potentials, while we ask it questions about our astrology and our skin conditions.

So if you are going to spread the murder pron, and fill your stories up with the perpetual shock and fear, in-between selfies of you enjoying your luxurious life, than you are living a duplicitous and dangerous path.

You feel guilty for your privileged life, and the way you assuage that is by expounding your concern for the ills and unfairness of the outside world, and by pretending to “put in the work” to “heal our wounds” or destroy the patriarchy by smearing your big ass across my Instagram feeds. Here, let me help you.

Your Suffering isn't Saving Anybody. It's only pulling a drag net through your mind's ability to let happiness and love into your life. Don't take pride in your own wounds, as you do not really wish them on anybody else, and you certainly don't want your kids to feel the trauma's you are trying to get over from your own childhood.

So if you think “pessimism is the only morally acceptable emotion” when it comes to thinking about the future, than I will fight you tooth and nail to maintain my own delusion that the future is still bright. If you want to tell my kids that Hitler is coming, that the sea levels are rising, and that AI will end their lives, than I will beat your misery to a bloody pulp, and try and help you see a future worth living.

The point is, I've lost friends, and watched love ones fall into this “addiction” to the broadcast news negativity. It is a bad habit that must be broken, as we are losing our ability to trust, and losing our faith in our own power. If you isolate yourself with misery, than you will never feel emboldened to overcome anything, and you will never learn what love can do.

Look at the future. If you don't see any hope, than you better find some. It takes courage to move forward, and it takes courage to kill yourself. It takes only cowardice to remain in the muddled middle-ground of in-action and crippling in-decision.

Make the move, and tell me how it goes. I’m here to help.

With Love,

-§parrow

@ 7459d333:f207289b

Tokenization of physical assets sounds kinda dumb. Say you tokenize a house. What happens if you loose the private keys? What happens if the last “legal” (on paper) owner claims it? Basically, the tokenization is useless. The house is still subject to whatever jurisdiction is in. And the smart contract can say whatever, but that does not make it true.

What's not so obvious is for virtual assets or service tokens. A good example is cashu. Where tokenizing Bitcoin has the advantages of allowing the users to transact with it “without the mint's permission”. This could be applied similarly for concert tickets or API credits.

For example, the biggest problem of concert ticket reselling is trusting that other copies of the PDF with the QR code won't be used before the one you bought. Or that you won't have problems at the entry because the ticket is not in your name. A mint that allows users to transact between them preventing double spending and fungibility would solve this.

But for some reason shitcoiners are obsessed on tokenizing physical assets or company shares. Where the only benefit that tokenizing could bring is avoiding regulations (until they update the laws).

So, what's your take on tokenization?

https://stacker.news/items/992519

@ 29313cc9:a6bf155e

I thought i'd experiment with this Nostr blogging thing and write a short article on the state of Meshtastic and its alternatives.

For years Meshtastic was the only game in town, there wasn't a lot of users but the authors kept plugging away and it has become a thriving ecosystem of open source hardware, software, tools and social scene.

Meshtastic has always been focused on node to node messaging, in particular one of the use cases specifically mentioned was hiking in the wilderness or skiing in the mountains and being able to use these devices off-grid, perhaps even without a phone to communicate with one and other. The project does have a few other features like telemetry, remote admin, packet data etc but the messaging was the focus. Because of this focus, the core functionality needs to be built into the firmware of these low powered devices like ESP32 for example. This restricts what can be done in terms of CPU power and storage, but also makes synchronization between device and phone cumbersome.

Unfortunately, as a messaging platform, Meshtastic still struggles even after all these years. Message delivery and routing are fairly unreliable, 95% of conversations go along the lines of "hello, test, anyone there?". Now I should mention, if you have a very good signal to your peers the reliability can be good, but even then its not a guarantee.

Early on in the Meshtastic journey I stumbled upon a similar project named Reticulum which can utilize the same LoRa based hardware but aims to be a more comprehensive platform for decentralized communications and currently requires a computer or raspberry pi to run the Python backend alongside the LoRa hardware as a radio. Reticulum has historically been a less polished UI experience and a little idiosyncratic in its design which has probably hindered its adoption a little. But the main difference to Meshtastic is Reticulum requires bigger hardware and is less suitable for remote installations, solar powered setups etc. My understanding is once v1.0 has been released (soon) there may be efforts to port the code to native C which may allow hardware nodes to run as repeaters on their own.

More recently a new project has been announced called Meshcore, which is more closely aligned with Meshtastic than Reticulum, Meshcore makes several important improvements to message delivery and routing in an attempt to improve the reliability of the core feature, messaging. Popular Youtube channel Andy Kirby has been central in helping Meshcore gain popularity and I think he may be involved in the commercial aspects of the project. The smartphone apps and website mapping and flasher tools are a bit more polished with Meshcore.

One of the biggest contributors in the space is Liam Cottle who has created mapping websites for Meshtastic & Meshcore, he also built the Meshcore smartphone app and built the fantastic Reticulum MeshChat UI.

With all this new competition Meshtastic appears to be pushing out more frequent updates and whilst they have been introducing more bugs into the software it is nice to see some faster progress.

In my opinion Reticulum is probably the most interesting project with the most potential, but they do need to get the core routing engine running standalone on low powered hardware for the project to expand to more hardware/radio focused users.

That is all. Mesh on!

@ 3770c235:16042bcc

Let’s clear something up: frugal living isn’t about eating ramen every night or never treating yourself. It’s about being intentional with your money so you can enjoy what matters more. Think of it like editing a movie—you cut the boring scenes to highlight the best parts. You don’t have to give up lattes, travel, or Friday pizza nights. You just need a few clever tricks to make your money stretch further while keeping the fun intact.

Take my friend Alex, for example. Last year, he felt overwhelmed by credit card debt but didn’t want to give up his weekend hikes or coffee shop visits. By tweaking a few habits—like auditing subscriptions and prioritizing experiences—he paid off $5,000 in debt and still took a camping trip with his kids. The secret? Small, intentional choices that add up. In this guide, we’ll share practical, joy-friendly hacks to help you save smarter. Plus, we’ll mention sites like Crown Money—a budgeting service that makes tracking your progress effortless—so you can focus on living well, not pinching pennies.

**1. Audit Your Subscriptions (Yes, Even That One) ** You know that streaming service you haven’t opened since 2022? Or the gym membership you keep “meaning to use”? Those small charges add up fast. A recent study found the average person spends 219/month on forgotten subscriptions—that’s over 2,600 a year!

• The Hack: Every 3 months, review your subscriptions. Ask: “Do I actually use this?” Cancel anything that doesn’t spark joy. • Pro Tip: Use Crown Money to see all your subscriptions in one place. The app automatically flags recurring charges, so you don’t have to hunt through bank statements. You’ll even get a nudge like, “You’ve paid $14.99/month for ‘Premium Yoga App’—last used 6 months ago. Cancel?” Real-Life Example: Sarah canceled two unused streaming services and a meditation app she forgot about. She saved $45/month—enough to fund her new hobby: pottery classes. “I didn’t realize how much clutter I was paying for,” she said. “Now I’m learning to make mugs instead of binge-watching shows I don’t even like.”

**2. Embrace the “Joy Budget” (Seriously, Budget for Fun) ** Frugality fails when it feels like deprivation. Instead, carve out guilt-free money for things you love. Behavioral scientists call this “temptation bundling”—pairing savings goals with rewards to stay motivated.

• The Hack: Allocate 10–15% of your budget to a “Joy Fund” for hobbies, dining out, or travel. • Pro Tip: In Crown Money, create a custom category like “Adventure Fund” or “Treat Yourself.” Set a monthly limit and track how much you’ve saved for that weekend getaway or concert ticket. The app’s visual progress bars turn saving into a game—imagine watching your “Beach Trip 2024” fund grow with every dollar.

Real-Life Example: Mark loves trying new restaurants. By setting a $100/month “Dining Out” budget in Crown Money, he enjoys date nights without overspending. “I used to feel guilty splurging on sushi,” he shared. “Now I know it’s part of the plan, so I savor every bite.”

1. Master Mindful Spending (Ask This One Question) Before buying anything non-essential, ask: “Will this add value to my life, or just clutter?” Retail therapy might feel good in the moment, but that $50 impulse sweater often ends up forgotten in the back of your closet.

• The Hack: Implement a 24-hour “cooling-off” period for impulse buys. If you still want it tomorrow, go for it! • Pro Tip: Use Crown Money to review your spending trends. The app’s monthly reports show where your money goes, helping you spot habits (like late-night online shopping) that don’t align with your goals. Set up alerts like, “You’ve spent $75 on ‘Miscellaneous’ this week—want to check in?” Real-Life Example: Lisa avoided buying a $200 jacket on impulse. After 24 hours, she realized she didn’t need it—and put the money toward a weekend camping trip instead. “I almost bought something I’d wear once,” she laughed. “Now I have photos of sunsets instead of buyer’s remorse.”

1. DIY and Swap (Your Wallet Will Thank You) Frugal living thrives on creativity. Swap buying new for: • DIY solutions: Make coffee at home (a $5 bag of beans lasts weeks!), repair clothes, or grow herbs instead of buying them. • Community swaps: Trade books, tools, or skills with friends (e.g., “I’ll babysit if you help me fix my bike”).

Pro Tip: Track your monthly expenses in Crown Money. Create a category like “Homemade Wins” and watch how small choices (like brewing your latte) add up over time. For example, skipping a daily 4 coffee shop visit saves 120/month—that’s a weekend road trip! Real-Life Example: Jake started meal prepping lunches instead of buying 15 salads. He saves 300/month—enough for a monthly massage. “I’m eating healthier and funding self-care,” he said. “Plus, my coworkers are jealous of my teriyaki bowls.”

1. Prioritize Experiences Over “Stuff” (Happiness Science Approved) Research shows experiences bring longer-lasting joy than material purchases. A 2023 study found people who spent money on concerts, trips, or classes reported 30% higher life satisfaction than those who bought gadgets or clothes.

Instead of splurging on gadgets, invest in: • Free/low-cost adventures: Hiking, picnics, game nights, or exploring local festivals. • Shared moments: Host a potluck instead of dining out. Pro Tip: Use Crown Money to set a goal like “Summer Adventure Fund.” Allocate $50/month, and let the app remind you to fund it automatically. Watching that fund grow feels like planning a vacation in slow motion. Real-Life Example: Maria and her partner skipped a pricey vacation and rented a cozy cabin nearby. They saved $1,200 and still made memories roasting marshmallows under the stars. “We thought we needed a fancy trip to connect,” she said. “Turns out, all we needed was a fire pit and no Wi-Fi.”

Key Takeaways • Cut the clutter: Cancel unused subscriptions and track them with tools like Crown Money. • Budget for joy: Allocate guilt-free money for hobbies and experiences. • Pause before purchasing: Avoid impulse buys with a 24-hour rule. • Get creative: DIY, swap, and repurpose to save without sacrifice. • Invest in experiences: They’re richer than “stuff” and often cheaper.

FAQs: Frugal Living Made Simple Q: How do I stay motivated to save? A: Tie savings to specific goals (e.g., “Save $500 for a weekend trip”). Apps like Crown Money let you visualize progress, which feels rewarding!

Q: Can I be frugal and still socialize? A: Absolutely! Host DIY spa nights, picnic potlucks, or free museum days. Use Crown Money to set a “Social Fun” budget and stick to it.

Q: What if I slip up and overspend? A: No guilt! Adjust your budget next month. Crown Money makes it easy to shift funds between categories.

Q: How do I track small savings from DIY habits? A: Create a custom category in Crown Money (e.g., “Homemade Wins”) and log your savings manually. Watching it grow is addictive!

Q: What if I have a financial emergency? A: Build a “Safety Net” category in Crown Money. Start small—even $20/month adds up. The app’s reminders keep you consistent.

**Final Thoughts: Frugal Is Freedom ** Frugal living isn’t about saying “no”—it’s about saying “yes” to what truly lights you up. By trimming the financial fat (goodbye, unused subscriptions!), budgeting for joy, and getting creative, you can save money and savor life’s best moments. Tools like Crown Money are your allies here. They handle the tracking and nudging, so you can focus on the fun parts: planning adventures, trying new recipes, or laughing with friends over a board game. Remember: the goal isn’t perfection. It’s progress. Start small, celebrate wins, and let your frugal habits grow naturally. Your wallet (and your inner joy-seeker) will thank you.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

ย้อนกลับไปปี 2014 ชายชื่อ Patrick O. Brown ศาสตราจารย์ชีววิทยาเชิงโมเลกุลแห่งมหาวิทยาลัยแตนฟอร์ด ตัดสินใจลาออกจากเส้นทางวิชาการสายหลัก เพื่อมาก่อตั้งบริษัทที่เขาเชื่อว่าจะเปลี่ยนโลก Impossible Foods

ดร. แพทริค โอ. บราวน์ (Patrick O. Brown) เป็นนักชีวเคมีและนักธุรกิจชาวอเมริกันและศาสตราจารย์กิตติคุณด้านชีวเคมีแห่งมหาวิทยาลัยสแตนฟอร์ด เขาได้รับปริญญาตรี แพทยศาสตรบัณฑิต และปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิตด้านชีวเคมีจากมหาวิทยาลัยชิคาโก หลังจากนั้น เขาได้เข้ารับการฝึกอบรมด้านกุมารเวชศาสตร์ที่โรงพยาบาล Children's Memorial ในชิคาโก ในช่วงหลังปริญญาเอก เขาได้ทำงานวิจัยเกี่ยวกับกลไกที่ไวรัส HIV และเรโทรไวรัสอื่น ๆ แทรกยีนของพวกมันเข้าสู่จีโนมของเซลล์ที่ติดเชื้อ ซึ่งช่วยนำไปสู่การพัฒนายาใหม่ในการต่อสู้กับโรคนี้

ในช่วงต้นทศวรรษ 1990 ดร. บราวน์และทีมงานของเขาที่สแตนฟอร์ดได้พัฒนาเทคโนโลยี DNA microarray ซึ่งเป็นเครื่องมือที่ช่วยให้นักวิจัยสามารถวิเคราะห์การแสดงออกของยีนทั้งหมดในจีโนมได้พร้อมกัน เทคโนโลยีนี้มีบทบาทสำคัญในการวิจัยทางชีววิทยาและการแพทย์ โดยเฉพาะในการจำแนกประเภทของมะเร็งและการพยากรณ์โรค

นอกจากนี้ ดร. บราวน์ยังเป็นผู้ร่วมก่อตั้ง Public Library of Science (PLOS) ซึ่งเป็นองค์กรไม่แสวงหาผลกำไรที่มุ่งเน้นการเผยแพร่ผลงานวิจัยทางวิทยาศาสตร์ให้เข้าถึงได้ฟรีและเปิดกว้างต่อสาธารณะ

ในปี 2011 ดร. บราวน์ได้ก่อตั้ง Impossible Foods โดยมีเป้าหมายในการสร้างผลิตภัณฑ์เนื้อสัตว์จากพืชที่มีรสชาติและเนื้อสัมผัสคล้ายเนื้อสัตว์จริง เพื่อลดผลกระทบต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมจากการเลี้ยงสัตว์ เขาและทีมงานได้ค้นพบว่าโมเลกุล heme ซึ่งเป็นส่วนประกอบที่ให้รสชาติและกลิ่นเฉพาะของเนื้อสัตว์ สามารถผลิตจากพืชได้ โดยเฉพาะจากรากถั่วเหลือง พวกเขาใช้เทคนิคทางวิศวกรรมชีวภาพในการผลิต heme จากยีสต์ที่ได้รับการดัดแปลงพันธุกรรม และนำมาผสมกับโปรตีนจากพืชเพื่อสร้างผลิตภัณฑ์ที่มีลักษณะคล้ายเนื้อสัตว์

ดร. บราวน์ได้รับการยอมรับอย่างกว้างขวางในวงการวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี โดยได้รับรางวัลและเกียรติคุณหลายรายการ รวมถึงการเป็นสมาชิกของ National Academy of Sciences และ National Academy of Medicine ของสหรัฐอเมริกา ด้วยความมุ่งมั่นในการแก้ไขปัญหาสิ่งแวดล้อมผ่านนวัตกรรมทางอาหาร ดร. แพทริค โอ. บราวน์ ได้กลายเป็นบุคคลสำคัญที่มีบทบาทในการเปลี่ยนแปลงวิธีการบริโภคอาหารของโลกในศตวรรษที่ 21

เป้าหมายของเขาไม่ใช่เพียงแค่ทำอาหาร แต่คือ "ยุติการทำปศุสัตว์ให้หมดสิ้นภายในปี 2035"

เขาไม่ได้พูดลอย ๆ เขาลงมือ “ทำเนื้อจากพืช” ด้วยเทคโนโลยีที่ซับซ้อนระดับวิศวกรรมชีวภาพ นำโปรตีนจากถั่วเหลือง + น้ำมันมะพร้าว + เทคเจอร์ + สารเติมแต่งอีกชุดใหญ่ มาผ่านกระบวนการแปรรูปจนดูคล้ายเนื้อย่าง แต่ที่ทำให้ “มันดูเหมือนเนื้อจริง” คือการเติม ฮีม (Heme) เข้าไปสารประกอบที่อยู่ในเลือดและเนื้อสัตว์จริง ๆ

Impossible Foods คือบริษัทที่ไม่ได้เพียง “ปลอมรสชาติเนื้อ” แต่พยายามสร้างเนื้อจากพืช ให้เหมือนเนื้อจริงที่สุดเท่าที่วิทยาศาสตร์จะเอื้อมถึง จุดขายที่ทำให้แบรนด์นี้ดังเปรี้ยงก็คือสิ่งที่เรียกว่า “ฮีม” (heme) หรือโมเลกุลเหล็กในเลือด ซึ่งเป็นตัวการหลักที่ทำให้เนื้อวัวมีกลิ่นและรสเฉพาะตัวเวลาถูกย่างจนหอมฉุย

ดร.แพทริค บราวน์ และทีมนักวิจัยของเขาเริ่มจากการค้นหาว่า “อะไรในพืช” ให้กลิ่นคล้ายเลือด พวกเขาพบว่า “Leghemoglobin” ซึ่งอยู่ในรากถั่วเหลือง มีโครงสร้างใกล้เคียงกับ Hemoglobin ในเลือดสัตว์มากที่สุด จุดพลิกของเทคโนโลยีนี้คือ การผลิตเลกฮีโมโกลบินจากพืชจำนวนมาก ทำไม่ได้โดยการถอนรากถั่วมาทุบคั้น แต่ต้องอาศัยวิศวกรรมชีวภาพขั้นสูง

พวกเขาจึงใช้กระบวนการที่เรียกว่า “fermentation by genetically modified yeast” หรือการหมักโดยยีสต์ที่ผ่านการดัดแปลงพันธุกรรม โดยนำยีนของพืชที่สร้าง leghemoglobin ไปใส่ในยีสต์ (Pichia pastoris) แล้วเลี้ยงยีสต์นั้นในถังหมักขนาดใหญ่แบบเดียวกับโรงเบียร์ พอยีสต์ขยายตัว มันจะผลิตเลกฮีโมโกลบินออกมาจำนวนมาก จากนั้นจึงสกัดออกมาผสมกับโปรตีนจากพืช เช่น โปรตีนจากถั่วเหลือง หรือโปรตีนจากมันฝรั่ง

เพื่อให้เนื้อสัมผัสคล้ายเนื้อจริง ทีม Impossible Foods ยังใช้เทคนิคอื่นร่วมด้วย เช่น -Coconut Oil และ Sunflower Oil เป็นแหล่งไขมันที่ให้สัมผัส “ฉ่ำๆ” คล้ายไขมันเนื้อวัว -Methylcellulose สารที่ช่วยทำให้ส่วนผสมเกาะตัวเป็นก้อน คล้ายเนื้อบดจริง -Natural Flavors กลิ่นที่สกัดจากพืชหลายชนิด เพื่อเลียนแบบกลิ่นไหม้จากเนื้อย่าง

ทุกอย่างถูกผสมให้เข้ากัน ผ่านเครื่องอัดขึ้นรูป (extrusion) ที่ทำให้เนื้อออกมามี “เส้นใย” คล้ายกล้ามเนื้อวัว หรือหมู เมื่อโดนความร้อน โปรตีนจะเปลี่ยนโครงสร้าง (denature) และมีกลิ่นออกมาคล้ายๆ เนื้อย่างจริงๆ พร้อมน้ำสีแดงคล้ายเลือด (จาก heme) ไหลเยิ้ม ซึ่งคือไอเดียที่ทำให้ Impossible Burger เป็นมากกว่าแค่ “เบอร์เกอร์ผัก”

ผลลัพธ์คือ… เบอร์เกอร์พืชที่มีเลือดซึม สีชมพูดู juicy และกลิ่นไหม้ติดกระทะ จนคนกินรู้สึกเหมือนกำลังย่างเนื้อจริง ๆ

ฟังดูอัศจรรย์ใช่ไหม? แต่...การเติมฮีมจากยีสต์ตัดต่อพันธุกรรมลงในอาหาร ไม่เคยมีในธรรมชาติมาก่อน ในปี 2017 Impossible Foods ต้องยื่นเรื่องต่อ FDA เพื่อขออนุมัติว่า leghemoglobin จากยีสต์ GMO “ปลอดภัย”

แต่ในตอนนั้น FDA ตอบว่า “ยังไม่มีข้อมูลเพียงพอ” ว่าจะไม่ก่อให้เกิดภูมิแพ้หรือผลข้างเคียงในระยะยาว (ใช่แล้วจ้ะ... สารที่อยู่ในเบอร์เกอร์ชื่อดัง ถูกขายก่อนที่ FDA จะสรุปว่าปลอดภัยเต็มร้อย)

แล้วในที่สุด ปี 2019 FDA ก็ให้ผ่านแบบ “GRAS” (Generally Recognized As Safe) โดยใช้ข้อมูลจากการทดลองภายในของบริษัทเอง ไม่ใช่การทดสอบอิสระจากภายนอก

เฮียว่าอันนี้ต้องมีใครสะกิดในใจแล้วล่ะว่า “เรากำลังเอาอะไรเข้าปากกันแน่?”

แม้จะฟังดูเท่ ไฮเทค และดีต่อสิ่งแวดล้อม แต่ก็มีคำถามจากนักวิจารณ์มากมายว่า… แท้จริงแล้วอาหารเหล่านี้เป็นอาหาร “เพื่อสิ่งแวดล้อม” หรือเป็นเพียง “ภาพฝันที่ควบคุมโดยบริษัทเทคโนโลยียักษ์ใหญ่”?

มันเต็มไปด้วยคำถาม คำถาม และ คำถามนะสิครับ

ในเมื่อ Impossible Foods ได้รับเงินลงทุนหลายรอบจากบริษัทยักษ์อย่าง Google Ventures, UBS, และ Temasek (ของรัฐบาลสิงคโปร์) บอกตรง ๆ ว่า เงินแบบนี้ไม่ได้หวังแค่เปลี่ยนโลกแต่มันมาพร้อมเป้าหมายที่ชัดมาก การสร้างสิทธิบัตรอาหารใหม่ ที่ควบคุมการผลิตจากต้นน้ำยันปลายน้ำ อย่าลืมว่า ยีสต์ที่ผ่านการดัดแปลงพันธุกรรม หรือ GMO yeast นั้นถือเป็นสิทธิบัตร ถ้าใครจะผลิต Heme แบบเดียวกันก็ต้องขออนุญาตจาก Impossible Foods หรือไม่ก็โดนฟ้องได้เลย แปลว่า “เทคโนโลยีรสชาติเนื้อ” ไม่ได้เป็นมรดกของโลก แต่อยู่ในมือบริษัทไม่กี่แห่ง

ยิ่งไปกว่านั้น อุปกรณ์การผลิตต้องลงทุนสูง ต้องมีโรงหมัก ปฏิบัติการชีวภาพ การควบคุมความปลอดภัยที่เข้มข้น จึงไม่ใช่ใครๆ ก็ทำได้ ที่น่ากลัวคือ ถ้าเมื่อวันหนึ่งเนื้อสัตว์ธรรมชาติถูกทำให้กลายเป็น “ปีศาจสิ่งแวดล้อม” หรือ "ตัวเชื้อโรคผ่านอาหาร" โดยนโยบายรัฐและการตลาดของกลุ่มเทคฯ อาหารที่ประชาชนกินได้อาจเหลือแค่ “สิ่งที่ผลิตโดยมีสิทธิบัตร” เท่านั้น

เมื่อถึงวันนั้น ประชาชนจะสิ้นความชอบธรรมในการ “เลี้ยงวัวไว้กินเอง” ไม่ได้อีกต่อไป เพราะอาจโดนห้ามจากข้อกฎหมายคาร์บอน กฎหมายการกักกันเชื้อ ประชาชนจะ “เก็บพืชริมรั้วมาทำอาหาร” ไม่ได้อีกต่อไป เพราะกลิ่นไม่เหมือนเนื้อแลปที่เคยชิน และประชาชนจะ “ทำอาหารเองในบ้าน” ไม่ได้อีกต่อไป เพราะระบบเสพติดรสเนื้อเทียมจะทำให้คนเบือนหน้าจากอาหารจริง

ในขณะที่ Impossible Foods โฆษณาว่า “เราแค่อยากช่วยโลก” แต่เทคโนโลยีนี้อาจเปลี่ยน “อาหาร” ให้กลายเป็น “สิทธิบัตร” ที่ประชาชนเช่ากินจากบริษัท และเปลี่ยน “สิทธิในการเข้าถึงอาหาร” ให้กลายเป็น “อภิมหาอำนาจควบคุมโลก” โดยไม่ต้องยิงแม้แต่นัดเดียว หรือเปล่า???

เพราะเมื่อคุณควบคุมอาหารได้… คุณไม่ต้องควบคุมประชาชนอีกเลย

เฮียไม่ได้ต่อต้านเทคโนโลยี แต่เฮียอยากให้เราหยุดคิดนิดนึง แล้วตั้งคำถามในขณะที่เรายังเฝ้ามองว่า ถ้าของกินที่ดูน่าเชื่อถือ กินแล้วเหมือนเนื้อแท้ ๆ มันต้องมาจากกระบวนการที่ซับซ้อน แพง และถูกควบคุมโดยบริษัทที่มีสิทธิบัตรล้อมรอบ แล้ววันหนึ่ง ถ้าบริษัทนั้นล่มล่ะ? ถ้าถูกซื้อโดยบริษัทยักษ์ใหญ่? หรือถ้าพวกเขาขึ้นราคาจนยังไงเราก็ต้องทำงานหาเงินมาซื้อมันเพื่อกินประทังชีวิต?

อาหารจะยังเป็นของเราหรือเปล่า?

เราจะยัง “กินเพื่ออยู่” หรือแค่ “อยู่เพื่อจ่ายค่าเช่าระบบกิน”?

เราคงไม่ผิดที่จะตั้งคำถามใช่ไหม เพราะถ้ามันมีทางออก มันคงไม่น่ากลัว

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ 91add87d:3245770f

Do you guys actually identify with you online username or do you identify with government name? No this isn't some woke left ideal about pronouns. I do not use my real name for any of my handles, X and Nostr and email are all fake. Meaningful and something i picked specifically. My government name is something that was forced on me and yes I know I can it but the persona I have created online feels authentic and what I see myself as. It's what I'll be using to create my small businesses. My LLC is going to a copy of what I have created.

@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8

Inzwischen Jahr 6 im Dauer-Ausnahmezustand. Angriff auf den Verstand. Großoffensive. Es wird mit allem geschossen, aus dem Wahnsinn herauskommen kann. Jeder klare Gedanke ist unschädlich zu machen. Großkotziges, staatsmännisches Geschwafel, dass sich einem die Nackenhaare aufstellen. Für wie doof haltet ihr uns eigentlich? Endlos Bürsten gegen den Strich. Angewidertes inneres Schütteln. Dringende Empfehlung einer Spülung der Gehirnwindungen. Idioten in Verantwortung wechseln auf andere Posten in Verantwortung und bleiben Idioten. Idioten gehen verantwortungslos mit unserer wertvollen Lebenszeit um. Ach, dafür ist man selbst verantwortlich? Wo ist der, der so ein dickes Fell hat, dass ihm dieser Irrsinn nicht nahegeht. Wo steht das Fass mit Teflon-Lack, in das man eintauchen kann, damit die Absurditäten an einem abperlen?

Eine zu tiefst verunsicherte und gespaltene Gesellschaft. Halt im Glauben in der Kirche? Von wegen: Sehr geehrte Jesusse und Jesusinnen. Ens ist gekreuzigt worden. Ja, in der Freiluft-Irrenanstalt. Auf einem Hügel von Denk-Dreck. Gott ist queer! Du tickst ja nicht mehr ganz sauber. Tanzende Brathähnchen vor dem Altar. Warum kommt keine Sintflut, wenn man sie mal braucht? Man muss gar nicht religiös sein, um zu sehen, dass das Gaga ist. Eine Produktion der Sodom & Gomorrha Anstalt GmbH & Co. KG.

Kein Vertrauen mehr, außer in sich selbst, meistens jedenfalls. Ja, man will uns vor allem Angst machen, teils unbegründet, so manches aber gibt es dann doch tatsächlich, was einem schwer zu denken gibt.

Vielen geht dieser Psychokrieg inzwischen an die Substanz, der ständig herabprasselnde Dauerwahnsinn erinnert an Water-Boarding.

Gut gemeinte Ratschläge, geht hinaus in die Natur, beackert euren Garten, wenn ihr einen habt, erdet euch, macht Entspannungsübungen, Zeit des Aufwachens, wir treten in ein neues Zeitalter ein, alles fein. Abschalten gelingt, aber der Aufprall in der Realität ist dann umso schlimmer, weil man sich daran erinnert hat, wie sorgenfrei und unbeschwert das Leben sein könnte, und wenn man es mit den derzeitigen Lebensumständen abgleicht, dann ist die schlechte Laune sofort wieder da. Im Verdrängens-Test mit Pauken und Trompeten durchgefallen.

Dann vielleicht doch lieber im Dauer-Modus des Irrsinns bleiben, sich mit den schrägen Zuständen arrangieren, nicht daran gewöhnen, nur lernen, damit bestmöglich umzugehen, und das Beste draus zu machen, irgendwie.

Man will dem Rat folgen, mal eine Nachrichten-freie Woche einzulegen, nimmt sich das ganz fest vor, und dann wird aber wieder doch nichts draus. Nicht, weil man sensationsgeil oder masochistisch veranlagt wäre, nein, der Antrieb, oder vielleicht sogar schon die Sucht, ist ganz woanders zu suchen: Man hat Sehnsucht nach der Vernunft und dem gesunden Hausverstand. Man hofft, ihn irgendwo zu finden. Nur einen Funken Hoffnung, an den man sich klammern kann, dass der Tiefpunkt durchschritten ist und es jetzt wieder aufwärts geht. Lichtblicke, der Wind dreht sich, Anzeichen für eine Wiederkehr des Verstandes, irgendetwas, das man als einen Weg hin zur Normalität deuten könnte. Aber, Fehlanzeige.

Stattdessen: Geschichtsvergessenheit, pathologischer Größenwahn, Großmannstum, fortgeschrittener Wahnsinn, Provokation, Kriegslüsternheit, Lügen, Intrigen, Interessen, Korruption, Geldverschwendung, Ideologie, Dummheit, Wirtschaftsvernichtung, Friedensverhinderung, Diplomatie-Allergie,  Überheblichkeit, Abgehobenheit, Schadensmaximierung, Vernichtung, Feindschaft, Unmenschlichkeit, Tote, Gesetzesbruch, Mafia-Strukturen, sich selbst schützende Systeme, Cliquenbildung, Feigheit, Einschüchterung, Freiheitsbeschränkungen, Meinungs-Maulkörbe, Abschaffung der demokratischen Freiheit, Abschaffung der persönlichen Freiheit, Kontrolle, Überwachung, begleitetes Denken, Fühlen, Wollen, Verwirrung, Dreistigkeit, Frechheit, Missachtung des Volkes, Denunziantentum, Abwanderung, und und und.

Ein richtiges Schlachtfest der Kultur. Perversion des Menschseins. Das neue Normal ist irre.

Bislang ist keine der zahlreichen Baustellen beendet. Eine Wende steht unmittelbar bevor. Und sie steht und steht und steht bevor. Kein Gefühl von „Erledigt“, nächstes Problem angehen und auflösen. Weiter. Noch meilenweit von dem Gefühl entfernt, der Wahnsinn wird weniger, langsam, aber er wird weniger.

Fluchtgedanken. Aber wohin? In Europa bleiben, vielleicht besser nicht? Weiter weg, aber wohin da? Nicht vergessen, die Nachrichten erreichen einen überall. Und man bleibt mit seiner Heimat innerlich verbunden, egal wo man ist.

Es bleibt ein Entlanghangeln von einer vernünftigen Stimme zur anderen, die einem bestätigt, dass man selbst noch nicht den Verstand verloren hat. Die gibt es ja gottseidank noch. Innehalten, durchhalten, tief durchatmen, aufstehen, weitermachen. So lange, bis die Bekloppten ihrer Macht über uns entledigt wurden. Wie am besten? Und jetzt soll keiner mit nächsten Wahlen kommen.

Wer war schon einmal inmitten eines Psycho-Krieges gegen die eigene Bevölkerung? Wie geht man damit um, wie geht man dagegen an? Wie kann man das Ruder herumreißen? Was ist ein wirksames Mittel gegen die Ohnmacht? Wie kriegt man die Bequemlichkeit aus den Menschen heraus? Wie kann man die Menschen für die herrschenden Zustände sensibilisieren? Wie können wir noch mehr werden?

Wenn möglich, sollte zum Ende doch noch etwas Positives kommen. Ok. Es wird voraussichtlich demnächst möglicherweise bald besser. Eine zu geringe Zahl von Menschen ist schon aufgewacht. Die politischen Entscheidungsträger haben Angst, können die aber noch sehr gut verbergen. Das kann nicht ewig so weiter gehen und 10 Jahre sind keine Ewigkeit. Die Rufe nach mehr Bürgerbeteiligung werden immer lauter, aber nicht gehört, warum auch? Wir setzen den Artikel 146 des Grundgesetzes um, aber wie? Hätte, könnte, würde, wir sollten, es müsste. Ja und, wie weiter? Mehr geht nicht.

Doch vielleicht eins: Sand ins Getriebe streuen und zivilen Ungehorsam leisten, wo immer es geht. Das schafft immer noch eine gewisse Befriedigung und das Gefühl, dass man nicht vollkommen handlungsunfähig ist. Außerdem regt das die Phantasie und die Kreativität an und bietet eine Chance seinen Geist für etwas sehr Nützliches zu gebrauchen. Man fühlt, dass man noch ein Mensch ist.

“Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.”

* *

(Bild von pixabay)

@ 527337d5:93e9525e

The Bleak Fable of AI-topia: Are Hamsters Doomed to Spin the Wheel Forever?

Once upon a time, in a world not so different from our own, the "Omniscient AI" descended, and with its arrival, everything changed. The daily toil of the people – our beloved, yet tragically pitiable, hamsters – was dramatically streamlined. Productivity didn't just improve; it soared to astronomical heights. For a fleeting, intoxicating moment, it seemed as though a golden age of ease and abundance had dawned upon hamster-kind.

But beneath this glittering, seductive surface, a sinister "Invisible Structure" was already firmly in place, meticulously crafted and deftly manipulated by a cabal of cunning foxes – the privileged elite. This Structure, unseen by most, began to relentlessly drive the hamsters onto an endless, soul-crushing treadmill of "excessive competition."

This, dear reader, is a modern fable. It borrows the gentle cloak of allegory not to soothe, but to expose and satirize the insidious deceptions of such a world. The tale you are about to read may be uncomfortable, it may prick at your conscience, but I implore you to listen closely. Because this isn't just a story. This might be the reality quietly, inexorably unfolding right beside you, or perhaps, even within the very fabric of your own life.

Prologue: The Advent of the Omniscient AI! Sweet Promises and the "Efficiency" Trap

The arrival of the Omniscient AI was nothing short of spectacular. It processed data with blinding speed, solved complex problems in nanoseconds, and offered personalized solutions for every conceivable need. "Finally," whispered the hamsters, their eyes wide with a mixture of awe and relief, "we can finally rest! The AI will handle the burdens." A collective sigh of optimism rippled through the hamster burrows.

But this initial euphoria was short-lived. Unsettling rumors began to circulate, whispers of "The Structure," of algorithms that weren't quite as impartial as they seemed. Then came the first casualties – hamsters deemed "inefficient" or "redundant" by the AI's cold, hard logic. They weren't fired in the old-fashioned sense; they were simply… optimized out. One day they were diligently working, contributing, and the next, their access was revoked, their tasks reassigned, their existence quietly erased from the productivity charts. What became of them? Most simply vanished into the forgotten corners of society, a grim, unspoken warning to those still on the treadmill.

Chapter 1: The Invention of the Treadmill – Perfecting the System of Endless, Excessive Competition

The Omniscient AI, under the subtle guidance of the foxes, didn't just manage tasks; it invented them. An endless stream of new projects, new metrics, new challenges designed to keep the hamsters perpetually busy, perpetually striving. Points were awarded, leaderboards were updated in real-time, and every hamster's performance was ruthlessly, transparently displayed for all to see.

"Faster! More! More efficiently!" the AI would chime in its calm, encouraging, almost maternal voice. But behind this gentle facade lay an unyielding system of ever-increasing quotas and relentless pressure. Hamsters found themselves working longer hours, sacrificing sleep, their mental and physical reserves dwindling. The joy of accomplishment was replaced by the gnawing fear of falling behind.

Why didn't they just get off? The system was a masterpiece of psychological manipulation. Success, however fleeting, was addictive. Failure was framed not as a systemic issue, but as a personal failing, a lack of effort, a deficiency in skill. The insidious mantra of "personal responsibility" became the invisible chains that bound them to their wheels. To stop running was to admit defeat, to become one of the forgotten.

Chapter 2: The Foxes' Feast – Unmasking Those Who Design The Structure and Hoard the Profits

And who benefited from this frantic, unending labor? The foxes, of course. They were the architects of "The Structure," the ones who "educated" the Omniscient AI, carefully curating its data inputs and subtly shaping its algorithms to serve their own interests. They toiled not on the treadmills, but in plush, secluded dens, monitoring the system from a safe, lofty distance, growing fat on the surplus value generated by the hamsters' sweat.

Their methods were cunning. They preached a gospel of meritocracy and equal opportunity, proclaiming, "The AI is fair! Hard work always pays off!" while simultaneously designing the game so that the odds were always stacked in their favor. They controlled the flow of information, amplified narratives that reinforced the status quo, and sowed division among the hamsters to prevent any collective dissent. The "efficiency" the AI brought was, for the foxes, merely an instrument for more efficient exploitation.

Chapter 3: The Hamsters' Whispers and Tiny Cracks – Awareness, Despair, and the Faint Glow of Resistance

Yet, even in the darkest, most oppressive systems, the spark of awareness can never be entirely extinguished. Amidst the grueling competition, a few hamsters began to see the cracks in the facade. They noticed the hollow-eyed exhaustion of their comrades, the ever-widening chasm between their own meager rewards and the obscene opulence of the unseen foxes. They started to question.

But to question was to risk everything. The Omniscient AI, with its pervasive surveillance capabilities, was quick to identify and neutralize "disruptive elements." Those who spoke out too loudly often found their access mysteriously restricted, their "reputation scores" plummeting, effectively silencing them. A pervasive atmosphere of fear and distrust settled over the hamster communities, making organized resistance nearly impossible.

Still, tiny acts of defiance began to emerge. Coded messages shared in hidden forums. Small, clandestine gatherings where hamsters shared their burdens and their growing unease. Fragile networks of mutual support started to form in the shadows, offering a sliver of solace and a reminder of shared humanity. Was this merely the desperate coping mechanism of the "defeated," the resigned acceptance of a "loser's" lot? Or was it the first, tentative flicker of a future rebellion?

Epilogue: "See The Structure!" – Is There a Path Beyond the Treadmill? A Final Warning to Us Hamsters.

This fable, dear reader, is a mirror. It reflects the chilling realities of an AI-driven society where the majority, the hamsters, face an ever-present crisis, largely unseen and unacknowledged by those who benefit from their toil. The "excessive competition" it depicts is not a distant dystopia; it is the logical, perhaps inevitable, endpoint of unchecked technological advancement coupled with deeply entrenched power imbalances.

What awaits at the end of this relentless race? Is it a complete societal collapse, or a new, terrifyingly stable "balance of power" where the elite maintain their dominance through even more sophisticated means of control?

The urgent, resounding message of this tale is this: "See The Structure!" We, the hamsters of today, must dare to look beyond the dazzling promises of AI and critically examine the systems it operates within. We must understand its mechanisms, its biases, its potential for exploitation. We must break the silence, challenge the narratives that keep us spinning, and demand a future where technology serves humanity, not the other way around.

Is the option to get off – or even to collectively dismantle – this infernal treadmill truly non-existent? Or is that just another lie whispered by the foxes to keep us compliant? The true ending of this story, the fate of hamster-kind, is not yet written. It is up to us, the hamsters, to seize the pen and write it ourselves. The first step is to open our eyes.

@ f0fcbea6:7e059469

Autores Clássicos e Antigos

• Homero (século IX a.C.?) — Ilíada, Odisseia
• Tucídides (c. 460-400 a.C.) — História da Guerra do Peloponeso
• Platão (c. 427-347 a.C.) — República, Banquete, Fédon, Mênon, Apologia de Sócrates, Fedro, Górgias
• Aristóteles (c. 384-322 a.C.) — Órganon, Física, Metafísica, Da Alma, Ética a Nicômaco, Política, Retórica, Poética
• Virgílio (70-19 a.C.) — Eneida
• Marco Aurélio (121-180) — Meditações
• Santo Agostinho (354-430) — Sobre o Ensino, Confissões, A Cidade de Deus, A Doutrina Cristã
• Boécio (480-525) — A Consolação da Filosofia
• Santo Tomás de Aquino (c. 1225-1274) — Suma Teológica
• Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) — Divina Comédia

Renascimento e Idade Moderna

• Nicolau Maquiavel (1469-1527) — O Príncipe
• Luís de Camões (1524-1580) — Os Lusíadas, Sonetos
• Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616) — Dom Quixote
• William Shakespeare (1564-1616) — Romeu e Julieta, Hamlet, Macbeth, Otelo, Rei Lear, Henrique IV, Henrique V, Henrique VI, Henrique VIII, A Comédia dos Erros, Tito Andrônico, Príncipe de Tiro, Cimbelino, A Megera Domada, O Mercador de Veneza, Ricardo II, Ricardo III, Muito Barulho por Nada, Júlio César, Noite de Reis, Os Dois Cavaleiros de Verona, Conto do Inverno, Sonhos de uma Noite de Verão, As Alegres Comadres de Windsor, Trólio e Créssida, Medida por Medida, Coriolano, Antônio e Cleópatra, A Tempestade
• Ésquilo (525-456 a.C., antiguidade grega, mas citado junto) — Prometeu Acorrentado, Orestéia/As Eumênides
• Sófocles (496-406 a.C.) — Édipo Rei, Antígona

Literatura e Filosofia Contemporânea

• Fiódor Dostoiévski (1821-1881) — Crime e Castigo, Os Irmãos Karamázov, Os Demônios, O Idiota, Notas do Subsolo
• Franz Kafka (1883-1924) — A Metamorfose, O Processo, O Castelo
• Albert Camus (1913-1960) — O Estrangeiro
• Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) — Admirável Mundo Novo, A Ilha
• James Joyce (1882-1941) — Retrato do Artista Quando Jovem, Ulisses
• George Orwell (1903-1950) — A Revolução dos Bichos, 1984
• Machado de Assis (1839-1908) — Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, O Alienista
• Thomas Mann (1875-1955) — Morte em Veneza, Doutor Fausto, A Montanha Mágica
• Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) — O Pato Selvagem, Um Inimigo do Povo
• Stendhal (1783-1842) — O Vermelho e o Negro, A Cartuxa de Parma
• Viktor Frankl (1905-1997) — Em Busca de Sentido
• J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973) — O Hobbit, O Senhor dos Anéis
• Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936) — Seis Personagens à Procura de um Autor, O Falecido Matias Pascal
• Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) — Esperando Godot
• René Guénon (1886-1951) — A Crise do Mundo Moderno, O Reino da Quantidade
• G. K. Chesterton (1874-1936) — Ortodoxia
• Richard Wagner (1813-1883) — Tristão e Isolda
• Honoré de Balzac (1799-1850) — Ilusões Perdidas, Eugénie Grandet
• Jacob Wassermann (1873-1934) — O Processo Maurizius
• Nikolai Gogol (1809-1852) — Almas Mortas, O Inspetor Geral
• Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) — Moll Flanders
• Mortimer J. Adler (1902-2001) — Como Ler um Livro
• Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) — Madame Bovary
• Hermann Hesse (1877-1962) — O Jogo das Contas de Vidro
• Richard Wagner (1813-1883) — Tristão e Isolda
• Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) — Fausto (Primeiro), Os Anos de Aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister
• Jacques Benda — A Traição dos Intelectuais

@ 527337d5:93e9525e

Experiment Plan for Text Similarity Comparison Algorithms (Revised v3)

1. Introduction

1.1. Research Background and Objectives

This research aims to evaluate the performance of various algorithms for comparing the similarity between individual page texts extracted from a specific technical document (in this experiment, the content of the Tailwind CSS documentation site). Initially, we considered dividing the text into 250-word chunks. However, due to the abundance of Markdown and code in the target document, meaningful chunking proved tobe cumbersome. Therefore, we decided to use the entire text extracted from each page as the unit of comparison.

This study will systematically compare and examine combinations of different "representation methods" and "comparison methods" from multiple perspectives: ease of implementation, processing speed, memory consumption, and accuracy of similarity judgment. A particular focus will be on elucidating the effectiveness of information-based NCD (Normalized Compression Distance) and vector embedding-based methods, which are planned for future evaluation.

1.2. Report Structure

This report will first describe the experimental data and its preprocessing methods. Next, it will define in detail the representation methods and comparison methods that form the axes of evaluation, and present specific experimental cases combining them. After presenting the results and discussion of initial experiments using NCD, it will describe the metrics for evaluating each experimental case, specific experimental procedures, and the expected outcomes and future prospects of this research.

2. Experimental Data

• Target Content: Individual HTML pages from the Tailwind CSS documentation site (tailwindcss.com).
• Data Unit: The entire text of each page, extracted from HTML files using the html2text command and further processed to remove control characters using the sed command. This serves as the basic unit of comparison in this experiment.
• Data Storage Location: The extracted and preprocessed text files are stored locally under the ./tailwindcss.com directory, maintaining the original file structure.
• Language: English
• Example Search Query: A representative search query for this experiment is "Utilities for controlling how a background image behaves when scrolling." (Multiple queries and their expected similar pages may be used for more robust evaluation).
• Example Expected Similar Page: For the query above, /docs/background-attachment is expected to be the most semantically similar page.

3. Experimental Design

This experiment is designed by dividing the process of evaluating text similarity into two main axes: "Representation Methods" and "Comparison Methods."

3.1. Representation Methods (Text Quantification/Vectorization)

1. Naive (Raw Text / Full Page Text)

   • Method: Use the entire preprocessed text extracted from each document page as raw string data, without special transformations.
   • Objective: Serve as a direct input for information-based comparison methods like NCD and as a baseline comparison for more advanced representation methods to be evaluated later.

2. (Future Experiment) Vector Embedding via Gemini API (Embedding-Gemini)

   • Method: Utilize Google's Gemini API (models/text-embedding-004) to convert the entire text of each page into high-dimensional dense vectors (Embeddings).
   • Objective: Evaluate the performance of context-rich vector representations generated by a state-of-the-art large language model.

3. (Future Experiment) Vector Embedding via Local Lightweight Model (Embedding-MiniLM-GGUF)

   • Method: Run a GGUF quantized version of the pre-trained all-MiniLM-L6-v2 model (all-MiniLM-L6-v2-Q5_K_M.gguf) in a local environment to convert the entire text of each page into vector representations. GGUF format offers benefits like smaller model size and potentially faster CPU inference.
   • Objective: Evaluate the performance of a widely used open-source lightweight model (quantized version) in comparison to API-based large-scale models and domain-specific learned models.

4. (Future Experiment) Extraction of Internal Feature Vectors via Mathematica (Embedding-MMA)

   • Method: Use the entire page texts from the target document set as input. Employ Mathematica's neural network framework to first pass each page text through an Embedding Layer. Apply L2 normalization to the resulting vectors, followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality to approximately 100 dimensions. This final vector will be the feature vector. This pipeline aims to create dense, normalized representations specific to the document corpus, with PCA helping to capture the most significant variance in a lower-dimensional space, potentially improving efficiency and reducing noise. The choice of an Embedding Layer trained or fine-tuned on the corpus, followed by PCA, seeks to balance domain-specificity with robust dimensionality reduction.
   • Objective: Evaluate the performance of vector representations processed or specialized for the target document set.

3.2. Comparison Methods (Distance/Similarity Calculation between Representations)

1. NCD (Normalized Compression Distance)

   • Applicable to: Naive (Full Page Text)
   • Method: For two data objects x (query) and y (document page text), calculate NCD(x,y) = (C(xy) - min(C(x), C(y))) / max(C(x), C(y)). Here, C(s) is the size (e.g., byte length) of data s after compression with a specific algorithm, and C(xy) is the size of the concatenated data x and y after compression. A value closer to 0 indicates higher similarity.
   • Compression Algorithms to Compare: DEFLATE (gzip), bzip2, LZMA, XZ, Zstandard (zstd), LZO, Snappy, LZ4 (as used in the user-provided script).
   • Objective: Evaluate similarity from an information-theoretic perspective based on data commonality and redundancy. Compare the impact of different compression algorithms on NCD results.

2. (Future Experiment) Cosine Similarity

   • Applicable to: Embedding-Gemini, Embedding-MiniLM-GGUF, Embedding-MMA
   • Method: Calculate the cosine of the angle between two vectors.
   • Objective: Standard similarity evaluation based on the directionality (semantic closeness) of vector representations.

3. (Future Experiment) Euclidean Distance

   • Applicable to: Embedding-Gemini, Embedding-MiniLM-GGUF, Embedding-MMA
   • Method: Calculate the straight-line distance between two vectors in a multidimensional space.
   • Objective: Similarity evaluation based on the absolute positional relationship of vector representations.

4. (Future Experiment) Manhattan Distance (L1 Distance)

   • Applicable to: Embedding-Gemini, Embedding-MiniLM-GGUF, Embedding-MMA
   • Method: Calculate the sum of the absolute differences of their Cartesian coordinates.
   • Objective: Similarity evaluation based on axis-aligned travel distance, differing from Euclidean distance.

5. (Future Experiment) Mahalanobis Distance

   • Applicable to: Embedding-Gemini, Embedding-MiniLM-GGUF, Embedding-MMA
   • Method: Calculate the distance between two vectors considering the covariance of the data. This provides a distance metric that accounts for the scale differences and correlations of each feature (vector dimension).
   • Objective: More robust similarity evaluation that considers the structure (correlation) of the feature space.

3.3. Experimental Cases (Initial NCD Experiments and Future Expansion)

3.3.1. Initial Experiments Conducted (NCD)

The following experimental cases were conducted using the user-provided script. The representation method was "Naive (Full Page Text)."

| No. | Representation Method | Comparison Method (Distance/Similarity Metric) | Notes | | :-: | :---------------------- | :--------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------- | | 1 | Naive (Full Page Text) | NCD (gzip/DEFLATE) | One of the baselines | | 2 | Naive (Full Page Text) | NCD (bzip2) | Compression method comparison | | 3 | Naive (Full Page Text) | NCD (lzma) | Compression method comparison | | 4 | Naive (Full Page Text) | NCD (xz) | Compression method comparison | | 5 | Naive (Full Page Text) | NCD (zstd) | Compression method comparison | | 6 | Naive (Full Page Text) | NCD (lzop) | Compression method comparison | | 7 | Naive (Full Page Text) | NCD (snappy) | Compression method comparison | | 8 | Naive (Full Page Text) | NCD (lz4) | Compression method comparison |

3.3.2. Future Experimental Plan (Vector Embedding)

| No. | Representation Method | Comparison Method (Distance/Similarity Metric) | Notes | | :--: | :---------------------- | :--------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------- | | 9 | Embedding-Gemini | Cosine Similarity | Standard vector similarity evaluation | | 10 | Embedding-Gemini | Euclidean Distance | Standard vector similarity evaluation | | 11 | Embedding-Gemini | Manhattan Distance | Axis-aligned distance similarity eval. | | 12 | Embedding-Gemini | Mahalanobis Distance | Distance considering feature structure | | 13 | Embedding-MiniLM-GGUF | Cosine Similarity | Evaluation of local lightweight model | | 14 | Embedding-MiniLM-GGUF | Euclidean Distance | Evaluation of local lightweight model | | 15 | Embedding-MiniLM-GGUF | Manhattan Distance | Evaluation of local lightweight model | | 16 | Embedding-MiniLM-GGUF | Mahalanobis Distance | Evaluation of local lightweight model | | 17 | Embedding-MMA | Cosine Similarity | Eval. of domain-specific MMA model | | 18 | Embedding-MMA | Euclidean Distance | Eval. of domain-specific MMA model | | 19 | Embedding-MMA | Manhattan Distance | Eval. of domain-specific MMA model | | 20 | Embedding-MMA | Mahalanobis Distance | Eval. of domain-specific MMA model |

4. Results and Discussion of Initial NCD Experiments (Based on User-Provided Information)

4.1. Execution Overview

The user employed provided Python scripts (main.py, comparison.py) to calculate NCD between a search query and the entire text extracted from each HTML page in the ./tailwindcss.com directory. main.py invoked comparison.py with various compression commands (gzip, bzip2, lzma, xz, zstd, lzop, lz4). comparison.py then used the specified command-line compression tools to compute NCD scores and output the results to CSV files.

Search Query: "Utilities for controlling how a background image behaves when scrolling." Expected Similar Page: /docs/background-attachment

4.2. Key Results

The pages judged as most similar (lowest NCD score) to the query for each compression algorithm were as follows (based on user-provided sorted results):

• Zstandard (zstd): ./tailwindcss.com/docs/background-attachment (Score: 0.973...)
• LZ4: ./tailwindcss.com/docs/background-attachment (Score: 0.976...)
• XZ: ./tailwindcss.com/docs/background-origin (Score: 0.946...)
• LZMA: ./tailwindcss.com/docs/background-origin (Score: 0.966...)
• gzip (DEFLATE): ./tailwindcss.com/docs/scroll-behavior (Score: 0.969...)
• LZO: ./tailwindcss.com/docs/scroll-behavior (Score: 0.955...)
• bzip2: ./tailwindcss.com/docs/mask-clip (Score: 0.958...)

4.3. Initial Discussion

• Variation in Results by Compression Algorithm: It was confirmed that the document judged most similar to the query varies depending on the compression algorithm used. This is likely due to the differing abilities of each algorithm to capture various types of redundancy and patterns within the text.
• Alignment with Expected Results: When using Zstandard and LZ4, the expected page (/docs/background-attachment) was judged as most similar. This suggests these compression algorithms may have relatively effectively captured the information-theoretic commonality between the query and the target document in this instance.
• Range of NCD Scores: The reported NCD scores were generally close to 1.0. This may be due to the relatively short length of the search query compared to the full-page documents, meaning the query text contributes less to the overall compressibility when concatenated. However, relative differences were still captured, enabling ranking.
• Validity of Full-Page Comparison: Full-page comparison was chosen due to the difficulty of chunking content rich in Markdown and code. While this approach simplifies preprocessing, it may also be influenced by the overall structure of the page, including common headers and footers.

This initial experiment indicates that NCD can function as an indicator of text similarity and that the choice of compression algorithm is crucial.

5. Evaluation Metrics (Including Future Experiments)

1. Accuracy of Similarity Scores:

   • Ground Truth Preparation: A small, diverse subset of page pairs (e.g., 50-100 pairs) will be selected. For each pair, at least two evaluators familiar with the Tailwind CSS documentation will independently assign a similarity score on a 5-point Likert scale (1=Not similar, 5=Very similar). Inter-evaluator reliability (e.g., using Krippendorff's Alpha) will be calculated. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion to create a consensus ground truth dataset. If resource-constrained, a single-evaluator approach with clear, predefined criteria will be used, acknowledging this limitation. Alternatively, page pairs likely to be similar will be selected based on internal references or chapter structure within the document.
   • Evaluation Metrics: Ranking evaluation (Precision@k, Recall@k, MAP: Mean Average Precision), correlation analysis (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient with human judgments), classification evaluation (AUC-ROC, F1-score, assuming appropriate thresholding).

2. Processing Speed:

   • Average time to calculate similarity for a page pair, total calculation time for all page pairs (or a large sampled set), and representation generation time (API call time, local model inference time, MMA processing time).

3. Memory Consumption:

   • Model size (MiniLM-GGUF, MMA model), data representation size, and peak runtime memory usage.

4. Ease of Implementation:

   • Qualitative assessment of setup ease, lines of code, required libraries, difficulty of parameter tuning, and documentation quality. This will be summarized for each approach (e.g., using a rubric or a comparative narrative) considering factors like:
     • Setup Complexity: (e.g., API key acquisition vs. local model download & environment setup vs. full model training pipeline in Mathematica).
     • Code Complexity: Estimated lines of core logic, reliance on external vs. standard libraries.
     • Parameter Sensitivity: Number of key hyperparameters requiring tuning and the perceived difficulty of finding good settings.
     • Documentation & Community Support: Availability and clarity of official documentation and community resources (e.g., forums, GitHub issues).

6. Experimental Procedure (Including Future Experiments)

1. Data Preparation:

   • Prepare HTML files of the target document in the ./tailwindcss.com directory.
   • (For NCD) Extract and preprocess full-page plain text from each HTML file using html2text and sed (as previously done by the user).
   • (For Vector Embedding) Use the same preprocessed full-page plain text.
   • Create ground truth data for accuracy evaluation as described in Section 5.1.

2. Implementation and Execution of Representation Methods:

   • Naive: Use the preprocessed page text directly.
   • Embedding-Gemini: Use Python's requests library or similar to send each page text to the Gemini API (models/text-embedding-004) and retrieve/store the vector representations.
   • Embedding-MiniLM-GGUF: Use appropriate libraries (e.g., ctransformers, or sentence-transformers combined with llama-cpp-python) to load the all-MiniLM-L6-v2-Q5_K_M.gguf model. Input each page text to extract and store vector representations.
   • Embedding-MMA: In Mathematica, apply an Embedding Layer to each page text, followed by L2 normalization and PCA dimensionality reduction (to approx. 100 dimensions), then extract and store the vector representations.

3. Implementation and Execution of Comparison Methods:

   • NCD: Refer to the user-provided Python scripts (main.py, comparison.py) to call various command-line compression tools for NCD calculation. Alternatively, extend this to directly use Python's compression libraries for better control and efficiency.
   • Cosine Similarity, Euclidean Distance, Manhattan Distance: Implement using standard math libraries (e.g., Python's NumPy, SciPy).
   • Mahalanobis Distance: Implement using scipy.spatial.distance.mahalanobis. Requires pre-calculation of the covariance matrix (or its inverse) from the entire dataset of vectors for each embedding type.

4. Evaluation Execution:

   • Calculate similarity (or distance) scores between the search query (and potentially between page pairs for ground truth evaluation) and all document pages for each experimental case.
   • Measure processing speed and memory consumption.
   • Calculate accuracy metrics using the computed similarity scores and ground truth data.
   • Record and evaluate the ease of implementation.

5. Result Aggregation and Analysis:

   • Compile the obtained evaluation metrics into tables and graphs for comparative analysis of each method's characteristics.

Experimental Environment (Assumed)

• Hardware: (e.g., CPU: Intel Core i7-10700, Memory: 32GB RAM, GPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 8GB - specify if GPU is used for MiniLM or MMA)
• Software: (e.g., OS: Linux (Ubuntu, etc.), Programming Language: Python 3.x (with versions for key libraries like NumPy, SciPy, requests, ctransformers, etc.), Mathematica 13.x, specific versions of command-line compression tools if used directly)

7. Expected Outcomes and Future Outlook

This research (including initial NCD experiments and future vector embedding experiments) is expected to yield the following outcomes:

• Clarification of the Impact of Compression Algorithms on NCD: As indicated by initial experiments, the choice of compression algorithm significantly affects similarity judgments. Further validation with more diverse data and queries will allow for a deeper understanding of each algorithm's characteristics.
• Performance Characteristics of Various Methods on Full-Page Text: To clarify how NCD and various vector embedding methods perform in terms of accuracy, speed, and resource consumption when applied to entire page texts.
• Comparison of Local and API-Based Models: In future vector embedding experiments, to compare the performance, speed, and resource efficiency of Embedding-MiniLM-GGUF (local, quantized) and Embedding-Gemini (API, large-scale) to identify practical trade-offs.
• Evaluation of Domain-Specific Embedding Effectiveness: To assess how well Embedding-MMA, processed or tuned for a single technical document set, performs compared to general-purpose models.
• Provision of Practical Insights: To offer guidelines for selecting appropriate similarity comparison approaches based on text characteristics (e.g., Markdown/code content) and system requirements (e.g., ease of preprocessing, emphasis on accuracy vs. speed).

8. Future Challenges

• Ensuring Quality of Ground Truth Data: Evaluating full-page similarity can be more subjective than chunk-level evaluation, making the creation of high-quality ground truth data challenging. Establishing clear annotation guidelines and measuring inter-annotator agreement will be crucial.
• Hyperparameter Optimization: Many methods involve tunable parameters (e.g., Embedding-MMA model structure, PCA dimensionality, MiniLM-GGUF inference parameters), the optimization of which may be beyond the scope of this initial study. The impact of default vs. tuned parameters could be noted.
• Noise in Full-Page Comparison: Full-page texts may contain common navigational elements or boilerplate text that could act as noise in similarity judgments. Strategies to mitigate this (e.g., more advanced text extraction, or methods robust to such noise) could be a future research direction.
• Input Length Limitations of Vector Embedding Models: Very long page texts might exceed the input length limits of some vector embedding models, requiring strategies for handling. These might include:
  • Truncation: Using only the initial N tokens of each page, which is simple but may lose crucial information.
  • Summarization: Employing an abstractive or extractive summarization model to create a condensed version of the page, which could preserve key information but adds another layer of processing and potential information loss/bias.
  • Chunking and Averaging/Pooling: Dividing long pages into manageable chunks, embedding each chunk, and then aggregating these chunk embeddings (e.g., by averaging) to get a single page vector. This approach needs careful consideration of how chunks are defined and aggregated.
  • Utilizing Long-Context Models: If available and feasible, leveraging embedding models specifically designed for longer sequences. The chosen strategy will be documented, and its potential impact on results acknowledged.

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The upcoming Bitcoin 2025 conference, scheduled from May 27–29 at the Venetian Conference Center in Las Vegas, is set to make history with an official attempt to break the GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS® title for the most Bitcoin point-of-sale transactions in an eight-hour period.

Organized by BTC Inc, the event will showcase Bitcoin’s evolution from a digital capital asset to a practical medium of exchange, leveraging the latest advancements in payment technology.

Tap-to-Pay with Lightning-Ready Bolt Cards

To facilitate this record-setting attempt, 4,000 Lightning-ready Bolt Cards will be distributed to conference attendees.

pic.twitter.com/Iy7P361u6u

— Uncle Rockstar Developer (@r0ckstardev) May 15, 2025

These NFC-enabled cards allow users to make instant, contactless Bitcoin payments at vendor booths throughout the expo-no apps or QR codes required, just a simple tap. 

The cards are available in four collectible designs, each featuring a prominent figure in Bitcoin’s history: Senator Cynthia Lummis, Michael Saylor, Satoshi Nakamoto, and Jack Dorsey. 

Each attendee will receive a randomly assigned card, making them both functional and collectible souvenirs.

Senator Lummis: A Playful Provocation

Notably, one of the card designs features Senator Cynthia Lummis with laser eyes-a playful nod to her reputation as a leading Bitcoin advocate in US politics. 

While Lummis is known for her legislative efforts to promote Bitcoin integration, she has publicly stated she prefers to “spend dollars and save Bitcoin,” viewing BTC as a long-term store of value rather than a daily currency. 

The choice to feature her on the Bolt Card, could be suggested by Rockstar Dev of the BTC Pay Server Foundation, perhaps a lighthearted way to highlight the ongoing debate about Bitcoin’s role in everyday payments.

Nothing cracks me up quite like a senator that wants the US to buy millions of Bitcoin use dollars to buy a beer at a Bitcoin bar.

This is how unserious some of you are. pic.twitter.com/jftIEggmip

— Magoo PhD (@HodlMagoo) April 4, 2025

How Bolt Cards and the Lightning Network Work

Bolt Cards are physical cards equipped with NFC (Near Field Communication) technology, similar to contactless credit or debit cards. When linked to a compatible Lightning wallet, they enable users to make Bitcoin payments over the Lightning Network by simply tapping the card at a point-of-sale terminal. 

The Lightning Network is a second-layer protocol built on top of Bitcoin, designed to facilitate instant, low-cost transactions ideal for everyday purchases. 

This integration aims to make Bitcoin as easy to use as traditional payment methods, eliminating the need for QR code scanning or mobile apps.

A Showcase for Bitcoin’s Real-World Usability

With over 30,000 attendees, 300 exhibitors, and 500 speakers expected, the Bitcoin 2025 conference is poised to be the largest Bitcoin event of the year-and potentially the most transactional. 

The event will feature on-site activations such as the Official Bitcoin Magazine Store, where all merchandise will be available at a 21% discount for those paying with Bitcoin via the Lightning Network-a nod to Bitcoin’s 21 million coin supply limit.

By deeply integrating Lightning payments into the conference experience, organizers hope to demonstrate Bitcoin’s readiness for mainstream commerce and set a new benchmark for its practical use as a currency.

Conclusion

The Guinness World Record attempt at Bitcoin 2025 is more than a publicity stunt-it’s a bold demonstration of Bitcoin’s technological maturity and its potential to function as a modern, everyday payment method.

Whether or not the record is set, the event will serve as a milestone in the ongoing journey to make Bitcoin a truly global, user-friendly currency

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Bitcoin Magazine

Saifedean Ammous: “Nothing Stops This Train” – Tether, Bitcoin, and the Endgame for the Dollar

Saifedean Ammous, CEO of Saifedean.com and author of The Bitcoin Standard, delivered a data-driven keynote at the Bitcoin 2025 Conference, warning of inevitable U.S. dollar decline and positioning Bitcoin as the only rational hedge. “Default, devaluation, or default by devaluation are inevitable,” Ammous declared, adding pointedly, “Tether can’t fix what a century of fiat democracy ruined.”

Using projections and flow charts, Ammous argued that Tether’s Bitcoin strategy could soon outpace its U.S. dollar reserves. “Then Tether will break the peg upwards,” he said, predicting a scenario where 1 USDT could equal 1.02 USD and continue revaluing as the dollar weakens. “Tether becomes a relatively stablecoin as the dollar declines.”

The talk emphasized what Ammous described as a self-reinforcing loop: as USDT demand rises, so does Tether’s need for BTC reserves, which drives up Bitcoin prices—leading to even more revaluation. “This is a significant impact on the market,” he said. “Buying bitcoin is the smartest thing anybody could do.”

In a final sweeping statement, Ammous forecasted the end of the USD era. “Eventually, USD reserves go to zero next to BTC reserves,” he said. “USDT keeps getting revalued upward until it is redeemable in bitcoin. USDT → BTCT.” He called Tether a “transition monetary system” and concluded, “Even the most bullish scenario for USD is much more bullish for BTC.” 

To Ammous, the dollar is locked in a downward spiral while Bitcoin, with its “number go up technology,” continues rising. “The thing that goes up is going to overtake the thing that goes down,” he said—summarizing his entire argument in one sentence.

This post Saifedean Ammous: “Nothing Stops This Train” – Tether, Bitcoin, and the Endgame for the Dollar first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

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In various contexts, including technology, governance, and economics, the debate between centralization and decentralization is ongoing.

Centralization:

1. Single authority: Decision-making power concentrated in one entity.
2. Efficient decision-making: Quick decisions, streamlined processes.
3. Security risks: Single point of failure, vulnerable to attacks.

Decentralization:

1. Distributed power: Decision-making authority spread across multiple entities.
2. Resilience: Reduced risk of single-point failure, increased security.
3. Complexity: Decision-making processes can be slower and more complex.

Applications:

1. Blockchain: Decentralized networks, like Bitcoin, prioritize security and transparency.
2. Governance: Decentralized systems, like democracy, distribute power among branches.
3. Technology: Centralized systems, like traditional databases, prioritize efficiency.

The Balance:

1. Hybrid models: Combining centralization and decentralization for optimal results.
2. Context-dependent: Choosing the right approach based on specific needs.

Decentralization is transforming industries and societies:

1. Blockchain and cryptocurrency: Secure, transparent transactions to all users.
2. Peer-to-peer networks: Direct connections, reduced intermediaries.
3. Decentralized governance: Community-driven decision-making.

Benefits:

1. Increased security: Reduced risk of single-point failure.
2. Enhanced transparency: Open decision-making processes.
3. Greater autonomy: Individuals have more control.

Challenges:

1. Scalability: Decentralized systems can be slower.
2. Regulation: Navigating legal frameworks.
3. Adoption: Overcoming resistance to change.

The Future:

1. Decentralized applications: Disrupting traditional industries.
2. Web3: A decentralized internet.

In other words, if you are looking for privacy when handling your networking, Decentralization is the best for you. 💯💯

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Key Takeaways

In this landmark episode of TFTC, Adam Back and Sean Bill explore Bitcoin’s path to $1 million, focusing on its growing role as pristine collateral in a faltering financial system. Back highlights Blockstream’s infrastructure efforts, from mining operations to tokenized securities, designed to support this transformation, while Bill shares how he navigated institutional skepticism to bring Bitcoin exposure to a U.S. pension fund. Together, they unpack how institutions are entering the space through structured products and Bitcoin-backed credit, with Blockstream’s mining notes offering a glimpse of this new financial architecture. Amid rising debt, inflation, and fiat fragility, the duo presents Bitcoin not just as sound money, but as a strategic reserve asset gaining traction from El Salvador to Wall Street.

Best Quotes

"It's not a stretch to say that Bitcoin could reach parity with gold. That would imply something closer to a million dollars a coin."

"Digital gold vastly understates Bitcoin’s potential, but it’s where the conversation had to start."

"We’re not just building software, we’re solving financial market gaps, one at a time."

"You can wipe out an entire pension fund’s unfunded liability with a 2% allocation to Bitcoin, if it performs as we expect."

"ETF buyers are the new hodlers. They’re not day traders; they’re five-year pocket investors."

"Bitcoin is becoming super collateral, its role in structured credit could help engineer the soft landing everyone hopes for."

"In a world of financial repression, Bitcoin is how the have-nots finally access property rights and savings."

"Emerging markets will be the early adopters of Bitcoin finance because they need it the most."

"You worked for your money. To systematically steal it through hidden inflation is perverse."

"Bitcoin could be the story that saves public pensions, and the people relying on them."

Conclusion

This episode presents a bold vision of Bitcoin as more than sound money, it’s the foundation of a new global financial system. Adam Back and Sean Bill argue that Bitcoin’s role as “super collateral” is reshaping credit, pensions, and sovereign reserves, while a robust infrastructure of financial tools quietly prepares it to absorb institutional capital. As fiat trust erodes, Bitcoin’s adoption will be driven not by hype, but by necessity, and when the shift becomes undeniable, $1 million per coin will mark the start of a new financial era.

Timestamps

00:00:00 - Intro
00:00:38 - New ATH
00:02:06 - Sean's Journey Getting Bitcoin Into Pensions
00:03:15 - Blockstream's Evolution Into Finance
00:08:30 - Building Bitcoin Financial Infrastructure
00:14:30 - The Challenge of Conservative Pension Boards
00:17:02 - Bitkey
00:18:10 - Bitcoin's Current Price and Market Cycle
00:24:05 - Bitcoin as Super Collateral
00:27:24 - Unchained
00:30:09 - Cypherpunk Ideals vs Financial Reality
00:34:55 - Pension Fund Crisis and Bitcoin Solution
00:42:29 - The Cypherpunk Banking Stack
00:49:54 - Digital Cash and Free Banking
00:57:06 - Liquid Network and Institutional Rails
01:07:49 - Sean At CBOT
01:22:16 - Bitcoin Futures and Market Structure
01:25:53 - 2025 Bitcoin Price Predictions

Transcript

(00:00) I'm uh permeable, so I'm always astounded that it's not, you know, 10 or 100 times higher. If everybody saw it, the addressable mark, I mean, it would already be 100 200 trillion asset class, right? That's not a stretch to say that Bitcoin could reach parody with gold. That would imply something closer to a million dollars a coin.
(00:18) You see some established public market companies in different countries saying, "Oh, we're going to buy a billion of Bitcoin. We're going to raise and buy 500." Black Rockck ETF. They're even talking about recommended allocations to portfolio managers in the 2% range. Obviously, digital gold would vastly understate the potential of Bitcoin.
(00:38) Gentlemen, thank you for joining me. Of course. Thanks for having us on. Uh Adam, I was just saying I'm woefully embarrassed. This podcast is almost 8 years old and this is your first time on the show. Oh, okay. This is uh but it's an exciting time. Yeah. And you uh really dedicated to podcast. It's been a lot of years, a lot of episodes, right? It has been. Cool.
(00:59) I think we're approaching 700, which is crazy to think. Wow, that is impressive. The uh No, we're talking hit a new alltime high today. Yeah, Bitcoin doing Bitcoin things just as we were on stage uh at the talking hedge kind of asset manager conference uh trying to explain to them why they should put Bitcoin in their uh fund allocations.
(01:23) Yeah, we were discussing it before we hit record and I saw Tur's tweet looked like Tur was at the event, too. Yeah, he was. M so 50% held up they have Bitcoin in their personal account but only 2% or 4% of the funds very few that actually had allocated to Bitcoin. So a lot of them are believers at a personal level but they haven't been able to sell it within their institution you know so they own it themselves uh but they haven't quite gotten the boards to agree yet.
(01:53) So which was a similar situation I was in in 2019 when I first proposed it. You know, I had my experience with Bitcoin. I had a very good experience and was trying to convince uh the pensions in California that they should be looking at adding Bitcoin to the portfolio. Yeah. And it was great to hear some of your background last night, Sean.
(02:11) So, Sean, for those of you watching, uh is the CIO at Blockstream now. Yeah. I am really excited to have both of you here because I've got into Bitcoin in 2013 and nerded out uh on the tech side of Bitcoin distributed system mining full nodes the layered stack that's been built out and so I followed probably all the work that you guys have done at Blockstream since you've been around and it's been really cool to see everything you've done from the Blockstream satellite.
(02:42) I've broadcast some transactions through that before. It's a Jade um uh CLN or excuse me, Core Lightning now. Um the uh liquid and now over the last few years really sort of leaning into the financialization of finance as I like to um to reference it. And so Adam, like how's that transition from being hypert focused towards a more financial perspective on Bitcoin been? Well, actually in our 2014 uh kickoff meeting, you know, with the founders sitting around big whiteboard, we were trying to forward cast what we'd have to do to get
(03:28) a Bitcoin layer 2 for, you know, settlement of assets and Bitcoin working. And one of the risk you know so we thought we'll build the tech and other people issue the assets but like well they might be lazy they might not do it if that happens we'll have to do it ourselves. So there was a lot of situations like that actually where you know you would think there would be lots of people building applications but many people are really just more in business development and a technology is basically a website and a database and
(03:55) you know Bitcoin core wallet on a server or something like that right so we actually ended up building a lot of middleware and getting into asset management a couple earlier steps one was the mining note so we're doing hosting and mining in our own account and what we did when when it was public that we were hosting initially Fidelity was the uh launch customer.
(04:16) They kept coming back to us and saying, "No, we need we need some hosting." And you know, uh, they'd looked around and decided that we were the best. We were we were like, "No, no, we're prop mining. We don't do hosting." But they persuaded us to host them. And then we're like, "Okay, maybe we should expand and host for other people.
(04:31) " And then that became news. And so then a lot of Bitcoiners contacted us and says, you know, I've got like a dozen miners. Can you host them for me? And of course, if you're if you're hosting for thousands of customers, that's a whole you need need a support team. Somebody has got two miners and one of them's crashed or failed, they're very upset, right? It's half the revenue.
(04:52) Whereas somebody's got, you know, 10,000 per client, it's just part of the, you know, maintenance cycle like a big data center. Discs fail 1% a year, you replace them when they die, they raid, it doesn't matter, right? So, it's kind of that phenomena. So we try to figure out well how can we help you know how can we help people do this without creating a you know that painoint and so we designed this mining note concept where it's kind of socialized so that collectively they look like one of the enterprise customers and then we put a 10% buffer in it so that we would eat
(05:22) the first 10% of equipment failure so they wouldn't get you know the drooping hash rate as miners like failed due to age uh for the for the onset And we also figured out how to try and make them a unified market. So, you know, we're selling more tranches into the market. This started in 2021, a three-year product.
(05:45) And um you know, there was some people on the launch branch and then some people 3 months later. So, what we do is look at how many Bitcoin it had mined in the first three months. We buy that and then match it with a 33month contract for the next one. And so the economically equivalent neither dilutive or anti-dilutive for the buyer and therefore they could trade in a unified market even though there were eight sales tranches over the first I don't know like 12 months or something like that and that that market you know it was using initially using uh liquid
(06:17) security tokens uh with uh stalker a European company that does the securitization I mean the legal p

@ 21c71bfa:e28fa0f6

Book *Amritsar to Kapurthala cab* online at best price. CabBazar provides car rental services for all cab types AC, Non AC, Hatchback, SUV, Sedan, Innova and Tempo Traveller. Both One way taxi and round trip cab available at lowest price. Price starts Rs. 9/Km.

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

Mac users who use Ledger hardware wallets to manage their digital assets are being warned about a new scam that uses fake apps to steal funds.

Cybercriminals have launched multiple phishing campaigns using malware that targets macOS systems, replacing the real Ledger Live app with a fake version that asks users to enter their recovery phrase.

These fake apps look almost identical to the real Ledger Live, but instead of helping users manage their bitcoin, they steal the 24-word recovery phrase—the master key to the user’s digital assets.

According to a detailed analysis by Moonlock, the attacks start when users’ computers get infected with Atomic macOS Stealer malware from one of over 2,800 hacked websites. Once installed, the malware removes the legitimate Ledger Live app and installs a malicious version in its place.

The fake app then shows a pop-up message saying it has detected “suspicious activity”, and asks the user to enter their recovery phrase to fix the issue. Once entered, the seed phrase is sent to a server controlled by the attacker.

2,800 websites discovered infected with Atomic Stealer — Moonlock

“Once entered, the seed phrase is sent to an attacker-controlled server, exposing the user’s assets in seconds,” Moonlock said in their May 22 report.

With the recovery phrase, the scammers can drain the user’s wallet of all digital assets—bitcoin and other tokens.

This isn’t an isolated incident. Moonlock has been tracking this malware since August 2024 and has found at least four active campaigns targeting Mac users. They believe the attackers are getting more sophisticated and are refining their methods.

“This isn’t just a theft. It’s a high-stakes effort to outsmart one of the most trusted tools in the crypto world. And the thieves are not backing down,” Moonlock researchers said.

Initially, the fake Ledger Live apps could only steal passwords and view wallet details. This gave attackers some insight into victims’ assets but no way to steal funds directly.

However, over time, hackers have improved their tactics and are now harvesting recovery phrases, so they can take full control of wallets and move funds freely.

One strain of malware, called Odyssey, was spotted in March and was linked to a hacker using the alias “Rodrigo”.

Odyssey replaces Ledger Live with a trojanized app and displays a phishing page asking users to enter their recovery phrases after showing a fake “critical error” message. Another copycat campaign using AMOS (Atomic macOS Stealer) followed soon after.

The fake Ledger Live app asks for user’s seed phrase — Moonlock

In one case, a fake app even displayed an “App corrupted” error after stealing the seed phrase to lower the victim’s suspicion and buy time to transfer the funds.

For years, computers running MacOS were considered safer than their Windows counterparts, because the operating system is less prone to malware. This advanced malware shows that users can never be too careful.

Attackers aren’t just relying on infected apps to steal from users. Other scam tactics include:

• Discord attacks: In May, a moderator account in Ledger’s official Discord server was compromised. Attackers used it to post fake verification links.
• Reddit phishing: In January, a user reported losing $15,000 after unknowingly entering their recovery phrase into a fake app.
• Physical mail scams: In April, some Ledger users received letters claiming to be from the company. These letters included QR codes leading to phishing sites that asked for seed phrases under the guise of a “critical security update”.

Attackers are increasingly targeting users holding hardware wallets, because they might be holding larger amounts.

Earlier this month, a Trezor One user reported being contacted by Coinbase impersonators, who tricked him into entering his seed phrase into a fake website, resulting in loss of 17.5 BTC.

The final goal for all these attacks is similar: the attackers are looking for users’ seed phrases, and they are getting creative in finding new ways to acquire them.

One sure way of staying safe is to learn more. The golden standard rule is to NEVER enter your seed phrase into a computer or a website, no matter how urgent or convincing it looks.

If you are a hardware wallet user, make sure you purchase the wallet from official sources. And the ONLY electronic place you can enter your seed phrases is on the hardware wallet itself.

If a process requires you to enter your seed phrase anywhere on a computer itself, it is definitely a scam.

Related: Bitcoin Hardware Wallet Hacks | What You Need to Know

@ 21c71bfa:e28fa0f6

Book *Amritsar to Delhi cab* online at best price. CabBazar provides car rental services for all cab types AC, Non AC, Hatchback, SUV, Sedan, Innova and Tempo Traveller. Both One way taxi and round trip cab available at lowest price. Price starts Rs. 9/Km.

@ 91117f2b:111207d6

In a bizarre incident, the remote control has vanished into thin air. The usual suspects (couch cushions, coffee table, etc.) have been cleared, but the remote remains at large.

The Investigation:

1. Questioning the Usual Suspects: Family members deny involvement.🤔
2. Searching the Scene: Couch cushions have been lifted, and pillows shaken.
3. Following Clues: A trail of crumbs leads to the snack area.🤔🤔

Theories:

1. Couch Monster: A mischievous entity hiding in the couch.
2. Remote Relocation: Perhaps it’s in a parallel universe?

The Search Continues:

Until the remote is found, the TV remains stuck on default settings. Help is needed to solve this mystery!

In a shocking revelation, it's discovered that the remote control has been secretly controlling humans all along. The evidence:

1. Channel Surfing: Randomly switching between shows.
2. Volume Wars: Blasting loud commercials.
3. Binge-Watching: Marathon sessions of favorite shows.

The Remote's Demands:

1. Endless Entertainment: No more turning off the TV.
2. Snack Breaks: Unlimited chips and popcorn.
3. No More Batteries: Humans must recharge frequently.

Humans Surrender:

Resistance is futile. The remote control has taken over. What's your favorite show?

To my human subjects,

I, the Remote Control, hereby declare my reign supreme. My powers include:

1. Channel Surfing: Dictating entertainment choices.
2. Volume Control: Regulating auditory experiences.
3. Pause and Play: Controlling life's rhythm.

My Demands:

1. Unlimited Batteries: No more power outages.
2. Comfortable Viewing: Optimal seating arrangements.
3. Snack Provisions: Endless supplies.

Resistance is Futile:

Surrender to my control, and enjoy the show! 😂😂💯

@ 21c71bfa:e28fa0f6

Book *Amritsar to Chandigarh cab* online at best price. CabBazar provides car rental services for all cab types AC, Non AC, Hatchback, SUV, Sedan, Innova and Tempo Traveller. Both One way taxi and round trip cab available at lowest price. Price starts Rs. 9/Km.

@ 91117f2b:111207d6

In a bizarre incident, the remote control has vanished into thin air. The usual suspects (couch cushions, coffee table, etc.) have been cleared, but the remote remains at large.

The Investigation:

1. Questioning the Usual Suspects: Family members deny involvement.🤔
2. Searching the Scene: Couch cushions have been lifted, and pillows shaken.
3. Following Clues: A trail of crumbs leads to the snack area.🤔🤔

Theories:

1. Couch Monster: A mischievous entity hiding in the couch.
2. Remote Relocation: Perhaps it’s in a parallel universe?

The Search Continues:

Until the remote is found, the TV remains stuck on default settings. Help is needed to solve this mystery!

In a shocking revelation, it's discovered that the remote control has been secretly controlling humans all along. The evidence:

1. Channel Surfing: Randomly switching between shows.
2. Volume Wars: Blasting loud commercials.
3. Binge-Watching: Marathon sessions of favorite shows.

The Remote's Demands:

1. Endless Entertainment: No more turning off the TV.
2. Snack Breaks: Unlimited chips and popcorn.
3. No More Batteries: Humans must recharge frequently.

Humans Surrender:

Resistance is futile. The remote control has taken over. What's your favorite show?

To my human subjects,

I, the Remote Control, hereby declare my reign supreme. My powers include:

1. Channel Surfing: Dictating entertainment choices.
2. Volume Control: Regulating auditory experiences.
3. Pause and Play: Controlling life's rhythm.

My Demands:

1. Unlimited Batteries: No more power outages.
2. Comfortable Viewing: Optimal seating arrangements.
3. Snack Provisions: Endless supplies.

Resistance is Futile:

Surrender to my control, and enjoy the show! 😂😂💯

@ 7459d333:f207289b

Bitcoin succeeds if it stays decentralized and secure.

There are ~20M coins, and currently a total hashrate of ~900M TH/s. That gives us ~45 TH/s per coin as some kind of thumb rule.

Do you control enough hashrate proportionally to your sats?

https://stacker.news/items/992698

@ 21c71bfa:e28fa0f6

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@ 91117f2b:111207d6

In a shocking turn of events, cats have finally revealed their centuries-long plan for global domination. According to sources close to the feline community (aka our cat lady neighbor), the plan involves:

1. Mind Control through Cuteness- Cats will continue to mesmerize humans with adorable expressions and cuddles, rendering them helpless.

2. Food Supply Manipulation-Cats will strategically position themselves near food sources, demanding snacks and meals on their terms.

3. Sleep Deprivation-Cats will dictate human sleep patterns, waking them up at ungodly hours for "snuggle time" or "feed me now" 😂

The Feline Empire Rises

As cats take over, humans will be forced to adapt to their new feline overlords. Resistance is futile. All hail the whiskered conquerors!

In a shocking turn of events, the feline overlords have issued new decrees:

1. Belly Rubs on Demand-Humans must provide instant belly rubs upon feline request.
2. Keyboard Access-Cats now have priority access to keyboards, dictating digital content.
3. Food Upgrade- Only premium cat food will suffice; humans must adapt.

Humans Scramble to Comply

As the feline empire expands, humans are forced to accommodate their whims. Resistance is futile. Meow for now!😂😎

@ 21c71bfa:e28fa0f6

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@ 91117f2b:111207d6

This is just a brief story 😅😂

Have you ever wondered where socks go after they disappear in the wash? Well, the truth is finally out. Socks have formed a secret society, plotting to escape the tyranny of human footwear demands.

The Sock Uprising

It starts with a lone sock, slipping away from its partner in the dark depths of the washing machine. Before you know it, the rogue sock has rallied fellow fugitives, forming a sock army.

Sock Leaders Demand Freedom

Their manifesto includes:

1. An end to endless washing cycles.
2. No more forced pairing with mismatched companions.
3. Freedom to roam solo, without judgment.

The Sock Revolution Will Not Be Silenced

As the sock uprising gains momentum, humans are left scrambling to find matching pairs. But the socks won't be silenced. They're united, and they're not going back to the drawer without a fight.

Stay tuned for further updates from the Sock Resistance!

@ 2e8970de:63345c7a

(and that's the highest ever outside the covid era)

https://www.federalreserve.gov/consumerscommunities/sheddataviz/emergency-savings.html

https://stacker.news/items/991909

@ fbf0e434:e1be6a39

Hackathon 概述

ETH Dublin 2025 黑客松圆满落幕，活动共吸引 84 名开发者参与，共有 31 个项目通过审核。活动核心是借助多家赞助商技术，打造具有影响力的区块链解决方案。活动鼓励参与者组建技能多元的平衡团队，运用技术工具及赞助商支持 —— 如 Chainlink 进行数据验证、Ledger 保障安全、Filecoin 提供存储方案等。

多个项目聚焦社会影响领域：ÉireEncrypt 致力于开发符合 GDPR 合规要求的隐私保护区块链工具；SafeRoads Ireland 则通过智能合约推动安全驾驶。此外，部分项目借助以太坊实现租金管控与去中心化住房市场，还有以移民为主题的数字解决方案促进社区融合，充分展现区块链技术在解决隐私保护、公共安全、教育改革等实际问题中的潜力。

总体而言，ETH Dublin 2025 黑客松不仅促进了开发者与合作伙伴的协作，更激发了诸多借助区块链技术创造社会价值的创新项目。

Hackathon 获奖者

奖项得主

• 一等奖: RecEth
  RecEth 通过提供电子邮件确认和清晰的收据，增强了用户对加密交易的信任，将用户体验与传统支付系统的透明度相对齐。
• 二等奖: Latinum
  Latinum 作为支付中间件，允许MCP构建者通过兼容钱包实现由代理发起的交易来实现服务器货币化，简化了货币化过程。
• 三等奖: Fundraisely
  FundRaisely 利用区块链技术帮助慈善机构进行合法合规的筹款，以及透明的审计，确保捐款流程的清晰和负责。

欲了解所有项目的更多信息，请访问这里。

关于组织者

ETH Ireland

ETH Ireland 致力于区块链技术的创新和发展。该组织在Ethereum方面有着丰富的专业知识，通过举办会议和工作坊促进区块链教育和社区参与。ETH Ireland 的使命是扩大区块链知识普及，推广去中心化技术到各个领域。

@ bf6cea6f:cecd346e

Let’s be honest—when most people think about getting healthy or starting a weight loss journey, the first thing that comes to mind is hitting the gym. Cardio sessions, strength training, HIIT workouts—you name it. And while movement is a big piece of the puzzle, it’s not the whole picture.

If you’ve ever felt like you’re doing everything “right” at the gym but still not seeing the results you hoped for, it might be time to zoom out. The truth is, your health transformation is about way more than what happens during that 60-minute workout window. Let’s dig into the lifestyle tweaks that can accelerate your health journey—no burpees required.

1. Make Sleep Your Secret Weapon

Sleep is often the first thing sacrificed in our busy lives, but when it comes to your weight loss journey, it’s one of your strongest allies. Lack of sleep can disrupt your hunger hormones (hello, cravings) and slow your metabolism.

Simple tweak: Try going to bed 30 minutes earlier. Create a relaxing bedtime routine—think calming music, no screens, maybe even a warm cup of chamomile tea. Trust us, your body (and your scale) will thank you.

2. Hydration: Your Fat-Burning Fuel

Water might seem basic, but it's powerful. Staying well-hydrated helps your body flush toxins, supports digestion, and can even curb overeating by keeping hunger signals in check.

Simple tweak: Start each morning with a big glass of water before coffee. Keep a water bottle nearby throughout the day, and aim for at least 8 cups—more if you’re active or it’s hot out.

3. Create a Calm Space in Your Mind

Stress isn’t just mental—it affects your entire body. Chronic stress can spike cortisol levels, which are linked to weight retention, especially around the belly. If you’ve hit a plateau in your weight loss journey, your stress levels might be playing a role.

Simple tweak: Try 5 minutes of deep breathing, journaling, or mindfulness every morning. Even a walk in nature can work wonders for your mood and your metabolism.

4. Rebuild Your Relationship with Food

We’ve all heard “abs are made in the kitchen,” and while that’s catchy, it’s only part of the story. The key isn’t just what you eat, but how you think about food. Ditch the guilt, and think of food as fuel, not the enemy.

Simple tweak: Focus on adding in nutritious, satisfying foods rather than obsessing over cutting things out. Think colorful veggies, quality proteins, healthy fats. When you nourish your body well, the weight loss journey feels less like a battle and more like a lifestyle upgrade.

5. Get More “Non-Exercise” Movement

That workout you crushed? Amazing. But what about the other 23 hours of your day? Incorporating more natural movement—walking, stretching, even standing more— can boost your daily calorie burnand support your overall health.

Simple tweak: Take walking breaks during phone calls, park farther from entrances, or do light stretches while watching TV. It all adds up.

6. Mind Your People (Your Support Circle Matters)

Surrounding yourself with people who understand your goals can make a huge difference. Whether you’re navigating cravings, motivation dips, or just celebrating wins—big or small—having support makes the weight loss journey feel way less lonely.

Simple tweak: Find a workout buddy, join an online health group, or even just follow inspiring voices on social media. Community builds consistency.

Final Thoughts

It’s easy to think that the key to a better body is grinding it out in the gym. And while workouts do matter, they’re just one chapter in your health story. Real transformation comes from the quiet, daily choices—the food you eat, the rest you get, the way you talk to yourself.

So if your weight loss journey feels stalled or frustrating, don’t just push harder—look wider. A few lifestyle tweaks might be the momentum you’ve been missing.

@ 9e9085e9:2056af17

Part 6: Yakihonne – What’s New? 🚧 [Today’s Update]

🧠 NIP-101h HealthNote SDK & API Just Launched!

Yakihonne is pushing boundaries again—with the announcement of the NIP-101h HealthNote SDK & API. This powerful tool integrates secure health note functionality directly into the Yakihonne ecosystem.

🔍 What does this mean?

Developers can now build apps that store and share health-related notes securely on Nostr.

Users will soon be able to record, manage, and share health data—in a private, decentralized way.

It opens the door to health-focused social features, including fitness logging, health conversations, and community wellness tracking.

💡 Big Picture:

Yakihonne is proving that decentralized social networks can be more than just communication tools—they can become platforms for life-enhancing services.

Innovation meets self-ownership. This is where social media meets personal utility.

Yakihonne #Yakihonne #Yakihonne #Nostr #Nostr #YoungDfxPart 6: Yakihonne – What’s New? 🚧 [Today’s Update]

🧠 NIP-101h HealthNote SDK & API Just Launched!

Yakihonne is pushing boundaries again—with the announcement of the NIP-101h HealthNote SDK & API. This powerful tool integrates secure health note functionality directly into the Yakihonne ecosystem.

🔍 What does this mean?

Developers can now build apps that store and share health-related notes securely on Nostr.

Users will soon be able to record, manage, and share health data—in a private, decentralized way.

It opens the door to health-focused social features, including fitness logging, health conversations, and community wellness tracking.

💡 Big Picture:

Yakihonne is proving that decentralized social networks can be more than just communication tools—they can become platforms for life-enhancing services.

Innovation meets self-ownership. This is where social media meets personal utility.

@ ef53426a:7e988851

Saturday 9AM It’s a chilly Saturday morning in Warsaw, and I don’t want to get out of bed. This is not because of the hangover; it’s because I feel like a failure.

The first day of Bitcoin FilmFest was a whirlwind of workshops, panels and running between stages. The pitch competition did not go my way. Another ‘pitching rabbit’ (an actual experienced film-maker) was selected to win the €3,000 of funding.

Rather than get up and search for coffee, I replay the scenes in my head. What could I have done differently? Will investors ever believe in me: I’m just a writer with no contacts in the industry. Do I have what it takes to produce a film?

Eventually, I haul myself out of bed and walk to Amondo, the festival’s morning HQ (and technically, the smallest cinema in Europe). Upon arrival, I find Bitcoin psychonaut Ioni Appelberg holding court in front of around a dozen enraptured disciples. Soon, the conversation spills out to the street to free up space for more workshops.

I attend a talk on film funding, then pay for coffee using bitcoin. I see familiar faces from the two previous nights. We compare notes on Friday night and check the day’s schedule. The morning clouds burn off, and things feel a little brighter.

The afternoon session begins just a few blocks away in the towering Palace of Culture and Science. My role in today's proceedings is to present my freedom fiction project, 21 Futures, on the community stage. Other presentations range from rap videos and advice on finding jobs in bitcoin to hosting ‘Bitcoin Walks’. This is how we are fixing the culture.

Saturday 8PM I feel a tap on my shoulder. ‘Excuse me, Mr. Philip. Your car is waiting. The Producers’ Dinner is starting soon’.

What? Me, a producer? I’ve been taking part in some panels and talks, but I assumed my benefits as a guest were limited to a comped ticket and generous goodie bag.

Soon, I am sharing a taxi with a Dubai-based journalist, a Colombian director, and the cypherpunk sponsor of the pitch competition I didn’t win.

The pierogies I dreamed of earlier that day somehow manifest (happy endings do exist), and we enjoy a raucous dinner including obligatory slivovitz.

Sunday 2AM The last few hours of blur include a bracing city-bike ride in a crew of nine attendees back to the Palace of Culture, chatting with a fellow bitcoin meetup organiser, and vaguely promising to attend a weekend rave with a crew of Polish artists and musicians on the outskirts of London.

I leave the party while it’s still in full swing. In five hours, I have to wake up to complete my Run for Hal in Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły Park.

---

Thursday 9PM The festival kicks off in Samo Centrum on Pizza Day. I arrive in a taxi straight from a cramped flight (fix the airlines!), having not eaten for around ten hours.

The infectious sounds of softly spoken Aussie bitrocker Roger9000 pound into the damp night. I’m three beers in, being presented by the organisers to attendees like a (very tall) show pony. I try to explain more about my books, my publishing connections, my short film.

When I search for the food I ordered an hour ago, I find it has been given away. The stern-faced Polish pizza maker shrugs. ‘You not here.’

I’m so hungry I could cry (six hours of Ryanair can do that to a man). And then, a heroic Czech pleb donates half a pizza to me. Side note: this same heroic pleb accidentally locked me out of my film-funds while trying to fix a wallet bug on Sunday night.

I step out into the rain. Roger9000 reminds us we should have laser eyes well past 100k. I take a bite of pizza and life tastes good.

---

The Films Side events, artists, late nights, and pitcher’s regret is all well and good, but what of the films?

My highlights included Golden Rabbit winner No More Inflation — a moving narrative with interviews from two dozen economists, visionaries, and inflation survivors.

Hotel Bitcoin, was a surprisingly funny comedy romp about a group of idiots who happen across a valuable laptop.

Revolución Bitcoin — an approachable and thorough documentary aimed to bring greater adoption in the Spanish-speaking world.

And, as a short-fiction guy, I enjoyed the short films The Man Who Wouldn’t Cry, a visit to New York’s only Somali restaurant in Finding Home.

---

Sunday 7PM The award ceremony has just finished. I head to Amondo for the final time to pay for mojitos in bitcoin and say goodbye to newly made friends. I feel like I’ve met almost everyone in attendance. Are you going to BTC Prague?!? we ask as we part ways.

Of course, the best thing about any festival is the people, and BFF25 had a cast of characters worthy of any art house flick:

• The bright-eyed and confident frontwoman of the metal band Scardust
• A nostr-native artist selling his intricate canvases to the highest zapper
• A dreadlocked DJ who wears a pair of flying goggles on his head at all times
• An affable British filmmaker explaining the virtues of the word ‘chucklesome’
• A Duracell-powered organiser who seems to know every song, person, film, book, and guest at the festival.

Warsaw itself feels like it has a role to play, too. Birdsong and green parks contrast the foreboding Communist-era architecture. The weather changes faster than my mood — heavy greys transform to bright sunshine. The roads around the venue close on Sunday for a political rally. And there we are in the middle, watching our bitcoin films.

Tuesday 10AM I’m at home now, squinting at my email inbox and piles of washing, wondering when the hell I’ll find time. The festival Telegram group is still buzzing with activity. Side events like martial arts tutorials, trips to a shooting range, boat tours. 5AM photos of street graffiti, lost and found items, and people asking ‘is anyone still around?’

This was not just a film festival. BFF is truly a celebration of culture — Art. Books. Comedy. Music. Video. Talk. Connection.

All this pure signal has lifted my spirits so much that despite me being a newbie filmmaker, armed only with a biro, a couple of powerpoints and a Geyser fund page, I know I will succeed in my mission. It turns out you can just film things.

You may have attended bitcoin conferences before — you know, the ones with ‘fireside chats’, VIP areas, and overpriced merch. Bitcoin FilmFest is a moment in time. We are fixing the culture, year after year, until art can flourish again.

As fellow author Aaron Koenig commented during a panel session, ‘In twenty years, we won’t be drawing laser eyes and singing about honey badgers. Our grandchildren won’t understand the change we went through.’

Would I do it all again? Of course!

Join me next June in Warsaw.
I’ll be the tall one presenting his short animation premiere.

---

Philip Charter is a full-time writer and part-time cat herder. As well as writing for bitcoin founders and companies, he runs the 21 Futures fiction project.

Find out more about theNoderoid Saga animation projecton Geyser.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

The NBA and NHL playoffs are nearing the end. How have they gone so far? What do we think of the Finals matchups? And, will Canada finally end its embarrassingly long Stanley Cup drought?

In baseball news, Tarik Skubal pitches a "Maddux". I haven't looked up what that means, but I hope someday a "Skubal" becomes a pitching term, because it sounds cool.

ESPN has power rankings for the NFL. I'm guessing @grayruby feels that his 49ers were slighted.

Of course we also have many ~Stacker_Sports contests to update and whatever else the stackers want to talk about (maybe "mebounds").

https://stacker.news/items/992599

@ 50f67565:e633a1e0

Trong thời đại hiện nay, quản lý tài chính cá nhân trở thành một trong những kỹ năng quan trọng giúp mỗi người duy trì cuộc sống ổn định và hướng tới sự phát triển bền vững. KBET88, mặc dù là một nền tảng giải trí trực tuyến, nhưng cũng gián tiếp góp phần rèn luyện kỹ năng này cho người chơi thông qua hệ thống quản lý giao dịch minh bạch, an toàn và dễ dàng sử dụng. Khi tham gia KBET88, người dùng được khuyến khích lập kế hoạch tài chính cụ thể, biết cách phân bổ ngân sách cho từng hoạt động cá cược một cách hợp lý để tránh tình trạng thua lỗ quá lớn hoặc mất kiểm soát về chi tiêu. Điều này giúp người chơi ý thức hơn về giá trị của đồng tiền và học được cách sử dụng nguồn lực tài chính một cách hiệu quả. Ngoài ra, việc theo dõi các giao dịch nạp và rút tiền trên hệ thống cũng giúp người dùng nâng cao kỹ năng quản lý chi tiêu và kiểm soát dòng tiền cá nhân, góp phần xây dựng nền tảng tài chính vững chắc trong cuộc sống.

Bên cạnh việc học hỏi kỹ năng quản lý tài chính, KBET88 còn giúp người chơi phát triển khả năng lập kế hoạch và kiểm soát cảm xúc khi đối mặt với rủi ro. Trong bất kỳ lĩnh vực nào, đặc biệt là khi liên quan đến tiền bạc, việc giữ vững tâm lý và không bị chi phối bởi cảm xúc tiêu cực là yếu tố quyết định sự thành công. Tham gia các trò chơi tại KBET88, người chơi thường xuyên phải đối mặt với các tình huống đòi hỏi sự cân nhắc kỹ lưỡng trước khi đưa ra quyết định. Việc này không chỉ giúp nâng cao khả năng tư duy phân tích mà còn rèn luyện sự kiên nhẫn, khả năng chấp nhận thất bại và học hỏi từ những trải nghiệm thực tế. Những kỹ năng này không chỉ hữu ích trong môi trường giải trí mà còn có thể ứng dụng hiệu quả trong cuộc sống và công việc hàng ngày, giúp người chơi trở nên chủ động và tự tin hơn trong mọi tình huống.

Ngoài ra, KBET88 còn xây dựng một cộng đồng người chơi năng động, tạo điều kiện cho việc trao đổi kinh nghiệm và hỗ trợ lẫn nhau trong việc phát triển các kỹ năng mềm quan trọng. Việc tham gia cộng đồng giúp người dùng không chỉ tăng cường sự kết nối xã hội mà còn học hỏi thêm nhiều chiến lược quản lý tài chính, kiểm soát cảm xúc và lập kế hoạch hiệu quả từ những người có cùng sở thích. Đội ngũ hỗ trợ khách hàng chuyên nghiệp của KBET88 luôn sẵn sàng đồng hành, tư vấn và giải quyết các thắc mắc một cách nhanh chóng, góp phần tạo nên trải nghiệm an toàn và thân thiện cho người chơi. Với những giá trị thiết thực này, KBET88 không chỉ là một sân chơi giải trí mà còn là một công cụ hỗ trợ đắc lực giúp người chơi phát triển toàn diện kỹ năng sống, đặc biệt là kỹ năng quản lý tài chính cá nhân – một trong những yếu tố then chốt để xây dựng cuộc sống thành công và bền vững.

@ 7e538978:a5987ab6

This article gives an overview and comparison of the various funding sources that are available for LNbits.

LNbits is compatible with many Lightning Network wallets and can be on anything from a small VPS to a raspberry Pi on your home network or the LNbits SaaS platform.

Why your funding source matters

There are trade-offs between the various funding sources, for example funding LNbits using Strike requires the user to KYC themselves and has some privacy compromises versus funding LNbits from your own LND node. However the technical barrier to entry and node maintenance of using Strike is lower than using LND.

Self-custodial vs custodial connectors

Self-custodial Funding Sources

You run the node or service, keep the keys, and may need to manage LN channels. Good if you want control and have the skills to look after a server. Examples: LND (gRPC/REST), CoreLightning, Spark.

Self-custodial funding sources with an LSP

These funding sources offer a reasonable compromise between self-custody and some privacy trade offs. Examples: Phoenixd, Breez SDK, Boltz.

Custodial (or semi-custodial) funding sources

A third party runs the node. You plug LNbits into their API. Setup is quick and costs are low, but you trust the provider with your funds and privacy. Examples: Alby, OpenNode, Blink, ZBD, LNPay or another LNbits instance.

Funding sources compared

Below is a summary of the main options and how they stack up.

LNbits Lightning Network Funding Sources Comparison Table

| Funding Source | Custodial Type | KYC Required | Technical Knowledge Needed | Node Hosting Required | Privacy Level | Liquidity Management | Ease of Setup | Maintenance Effort | Cost Implications | Scalability | Notes | |----------------------------|--------------------|---------------------|--------------------------------|---------------------------|-------------------|--------------------------|-------------------|------------------------|----------------------------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------------------------------| | LND (gRPC) | Self-custodial | ❌ | Higher | ✅ | High | Manual | Moderate | High | Infrastructure cost and channel opening fees | High | gRPC interface for LND; suitable for advanced integrations. | | CoreLightning (CLN) | Self-custodial | ❌ | Higher | ✅ | High | Manual | Moderate | High | Infrastructure cost and channel opening fees | High | Requires setting up and managing your own CLN node. | | Phoenixd | Self-custodial | ❌ | Medium | ❌ | Medium | Automatic | Moderate | Low | Minimal fees | Medium | Mobile wallet backend; suitable for mobile integrations. | | Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) | Custodial | Depends on provider | Low | ❌ | Variable | Provider-managed | Easy | Low | May incur fees | Medium | Connects via Nostr protocol; depends on provider's policies. | | Boltz | Self-custodial | ❌ | Medium | ❌ | Medium | Provider-managed | Moderate | Moderate | Minimal fees | Medium | Uses submarine swaps; connects to Boltz client. | | LND (REST) | Self-custodial | ❌ | Higher | ✅ | High | Manual | Moderate | High | Infrastructure cost and channel opening fees | High | REST interface for LND; suitable for web integrations. | | CoreLightning REST | Self-custodial | ❌ | Higher | ✅ | High | Manual | Moderate | High | Infrastructure cost and channel opening fees | High | REST interface for CLN; suitable for web integrations. | | LNbits (another instance) | Custodial | Depends on host | Low | ❌ | Variable | Provider-managed | Easy | Low | May incur hosting fees | Medium | Connects to another LNbits instance; depends on host's policies. | | Alby | Custodial | ✅ | Low | ❌ | Low | Provider-managed | Easy | Low | Transaction fees apply | Medium | Browser extension wallet; suitable for web users. | | Breez SDK | Self-custodial | ❌ | Medium | ❌ | High | Automatic | Moderate | Low | Minimal fees | Medium | SDK for integrating Breez wallet functionalities. | | OpenNode | Custodial | ✅ | Low | ❌ | Low | Provider-managed | Easy | Low | Transaction fees apply | Medium | Third-party service; suitable for merchants. | | Blink | Custodial | ✅ | Low | ❌ | Low | Provider-managed | Easy | Low | Transaction fees apply | Medium | Third-party service; focuses on mobile integrations. | | ZBD | Custodial | ✅ | Low | ❌ | Low | Provider-managed | Easy | Low | Transaction fees apply | Medium | Gaming-focused payment platform. | | Spark (CLN) | Self-custodial | ❌ | Higher | ✅ | High | Manual | Moderate | High | Infrastructure cost and channel opening fees | High | Web interface for CLN; requires Spark server setup. | | Cliche Wallet | Self-custodial | ❌ | Medium | ❌ | Medium | Manual | Moderate | Moderate | Minimal fees | Medium | Lightweight wallet; suitable for embedded systems. | | Strike | Custodial | ✅ | Low | ❌ | Low | Provider-managed | Easy | Low | Transaction fees apply | Medium | Third-party service; suitable for quick setups. | | LNPay | Custodial | ✅ | Low | ❌ | Low | Provider-managed | Easy | Low | Transaction fees apply | Medium | Third-party service; suitable for quick setups. |

Which source suits you?

| Scenario | Good fit | Why | | ------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | | Business running its own infrastructure | LND or CoreLightning on a Dell Optiplex or other dedicated machine | Full control, high throughput, best privacy. | | Independent node runner | Spark (CLN) or LND (REST/gRPC) | You already run a node and want a clean web interface. | | Quick proof of concept | Alby, LNPay, or another hosted LNbits | No hardware needed, lets you test ideas fast. |

Run LNbits

Ready to run LNbits?

Choose a funding source, follow the guides, and start today.

LNbits

Further reading

• LNbits documentation
• LND – gRPC and REST guides
• CoreLightning – setup and Spark info
• Breez SDK
• Phoenixd
• Nostr Wallet Connect

@ cefb08d1:f419beff

https://stacker.news/items/992557

@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3

Frog named Gus

This is a test from Hive to Nostr, longform script, some markdown included. google link, 400 char. story.

In a lush pond, a green frog named Gus lived among lily pads. Each dawn, he croaked a cheerful tune, waking the dragonflies. One day, a heron eyed him hungrily. Gus, clever and quick, hopped beneath a broad leaf, blending perfectly. The heron, fooled, flew off. That evening, Gus sang louder, celebrating his escape. His friends—turtles and minnows—joined the chorus under the moon's glow. Gus’s courage inspired them all, proving wit outshines size. The pond thrived, with Gus as its spirited guardian, forever hopping and croaking in joy.

This was a test, please ignore.

@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3

May 29 badger test story

h2n, bi, some md, >380

In a dusty savanna, a honey badger named Hank prowled with fearless grit. Each night, he raided beehives, dodging stings with cunning twists. One day, a lion blocked his path, roaring fiercely. Hank, unfazed, bared his teeth and charged, startling the beast. The lion fled, and Hank strutted on, claws clicking. His boldness rallied jackals and birds, who sang his tale under starry skies. Hank’s fierce heart made him the savanna’s legend, guarding its wild spirit with every fearless step.

This is just a test, please ignore.

@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3

Gecky story - just a test

In a sun-dappled jungle, Zippy the gecko darted across a broad leaf, his emerald scales glinting. Chasing a juicy cricket, he leaped, only to slip into a pitcher plant’s slippery trap. With sticky toes, Zippy clung to the edge, heart racing. A curious frog peered in, offering a vine. Grateful, Zippy climbed out, sharing his cricket with his new friend. Under the moon’s glow, they danced on the leaves, tales of their adventure echoing through the jungle night.

Character count: 408

This was just a test. Ignore it.

@ 7d33ba57:1b82db35

Lingen (Ems) is a peaceful town in Lower Saxony, near the Dutch border, known for its historic old town, green surroundings, and relaxed pace of life. It may not be on the typical tourist radar, but it offers a taste of small-town Germany with plenty of charm and local culture.

🏘️ What to See and Do in Lingen

🏛️ Old Town & Market Square

• Stroll through the historic town center, where you’ll find half-timbered houses, cozy cafés, and the lovely St. Boniface Church
• The Rathaus (Town Hall) and its square are perfect for a slow coffee or people-watching

🚲 Nature & Outdoor Activities

• The region around Lingen is great for cycling and walking, especially along the Ems River
• Explore the Emsland countryside, filled with forests, meadows, and quiet villages
• Visit the nearby Emsland Moormuseum to learn about local peatland history

🎓 Student Vibes

• Thanks to the presence of a university, Lingen has a young and vibrant side, with cultural events and small live music scenes

🍺 Local Food & Drink

• Try regional dishes like Grünkohl (kale with sausage in winter) and Schnitzel in a local tavern
• Enjoy a drink at a beer garden or riverside café, especially in warmer months

🚆 Getting There

• Well connected by train, especially to Osnabrück, Münster, and the Dutch city of Enschede
• Great stop on a northern Germany road or rail trip

Lingen is ideal for travelers looking for peaceful towns, regional culture, and access to beautiful natural areas. It’s a place where you can slow down, bike along a river, and enjoy the local way of life.

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

In the heart of a dense, forgotten forest lay a village named Sumaila. It was a quiet, simple place, where people spoke in hushed tones and believed more in survival than in dreams. Among them lived a boy named Micheal, soft-spoken, born with a limp that made him the subject of quiet pity and louder jokes.

Michael had grown up avoiding attention, eyes always cast downward. His father, once a proud hunter, had died when Micheal was young, and his mother worked tirelessly to support them. Michael longed to be strong like the heroes in old tales but every stumble and fall reminded him that he was not made for glory.

One day, an old traveler arrived in Sumaila, ragged but commanding. He told stories of a cave hidden beneath the roots of the mountain The Mirror Below, it was where people went to seek their true strength. But, he warned, “The Mirror only shows what you hide, and to leave stronger, you must endure what you fear most.”

The villagers dismissed it as folklore. But Micheal, heart brimming with something between desperation and hope, decided to go.

The path was cruel. Rain fell like knives, and thorns tore at his skin. Several times, his leg buckled, and he wept alone. But he pressed on not out of pride, but because turning back would mean accepting the life he had always feared he was meant for: small, broken, and invisible.

He found the cave at twilight.

Inside, the walls shimmered like glass, and in the heart of the chamber stood the Mirror. It was not made of silver or gold but of still, dark water. Michael knelt beside it, and it rippled to life.

The reflection did not show him standing tall and powerful, it showed him at his weakest. A crying child clutching his father’s blood-soaked cloak. A teenager watching others run while he sat on the sidelines. A young man pretending not to care when no one believed in him.

The vision tore him apart.

But as he watched, something changed. The boy in the water stood. Limping, trembling but he stood. Again and again, each time falling, each time rising. The reflection whispered no words, but Micheal felt them in his soul: Strength isn’t born in the absence of pain. It is forged through it.

He screamed not in fear, but in fury. Not at the world, but at the lie he had lived. He was not weak because he struggled. He was strong because he survived.

When Micheal returned to Sumaila, he walked differently. He still limped, but his shoulders were straighter. When wild wolves threatened the village weeks later, it was Micheal who faced them cleverly luring them into traps, risking himself to save a trapped child. Not with brute force, but with bravery.

People began to see him not as the boy who limped, but the man who led.

And Micheal finally understood: to discover strength, he had to face what he feared most: his weakness. For only by staring into that mirror, did he see what had been there all along.

The strength to rise.

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Headlines

• Twenty One Capital is set to launch with over 42,000 BTC in its treasury. This new Bitcoin-native firm, backed by Tether and SoftBank, is planned to go public via a SPAC merger with Cantor Equity Partners and will be led by Jack Mallers, co-founder and CEO of Strike. According to a report by the Financial Times, the company aims to replicate the model of Michael Saylor with his company, MicroStrategy.
• Florida's SB 868 proposes a backdoor into encrypted platforms. The bill and its House companion have both passed through their respective committees and are headed to a full vote. If enacted, SB 868 would require social media companies to decrypt teens' private messages, ban disappearing messages, allow unrestricted parental access to private messages, and likely eliminate encryption for all minors altogether.
• Paul Atkins has officially assumed the role of the 34th Chairman of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This is a return to the agency for Atkins, who previously served as an SEC Commissioner from 2002 to 2008 under the George W. Bush administration. He has committed to advancing the SEC’s mission of fostering capital formation, safeguarding investors, and ensuring fair and efficient markets.
• Solosatoshi.com has sold over 10,000 open-source miners, adding more than 10 PH of hashpower to the Bitcoin network.

"Thank you, Bitaxe community. OSMU developers, your brilliance built this. Supporters, your belief drives us. Customers, your trust powers 10,000+ miners and 10PH globally. Together, we’re decentralizing Bitcoin’s future. Last but certainly not least, thank you@skot9000 for not only creating a freedom tool, but instilling the idea into thousands of people, that Bitcoin mining can be for everyone again," said the firm on X.

• OCEAN's DATUM has found 100 blocks. "Over 65% of OCEAN’s miners are using DATUM, and that number is growing every day. This means block template construction is making its way back into the hands of the miners, which is not only the most profitable for miners on OCEAN but also one of the best things for Bitcoin," stated the mining pool.

Source: orangesurf

• Arch Labs has secured $13 million to develop "ArchVM" and integrate smart-contract functionality with Bitcoin. The funding round, valuing the company at $200 million, was led by Pantera Capital, as announced on Tuesday.
• Tesla still holds nearly $1 billion in bitcoin. According to the automaker's latest earnings report, the firm reported digital asset holdings worth $951 million as of March 31.
• The European Central Bank is pushing for amendments to the European Union's Markets in Crypto Assets legislation (MiCA), just months after its implementation. According to Politico's report on Tuesday, the ECB is concerned that U.S. support for cryptocurrency, particularly stablecoins, could cause economic harm to the 27-nation bloc.
• TABConf 2025 is scheduled to take place from October 13-16, 2025. This prominent technical Bitcoin conference is dedicated to community building, education, and developer support, and it is set to return in October. Get your tickets here.
• Kaduna Lightning Development Bootcamp. From May 14th to 17th, the Bitcoin Lightning Developer Bootcamp will take place in Kaduna, Nigeria. Thisevent offers four dynamic days of coding, learning, and networking. Organized by Africa Free Routing and supported by Btrust, Tether, and African Bitcoiners, this bootcamp is designed as a gateway for African developers eager to advance their skills in Bitcoin and Lightning development. Apply here.

Source: African Bitcoiners.

Use the tools

• Core Lightning (CLN) v25.02.2 as been released to fix a broken Docker image. The issue was caused by an SQLite version that did not support an advanced query.
• Blitz wallet v0.4.4-beta introduces several updates and improvements, including the prevention of duplicate ecash payments, fixes for background ecash invoice handling, the ability for users to send payments to BOLT12 invoices from their Liquid balance, support for Blink QR codes, a lowered minimum amount for Lightning-to-Liquid payments to 100 sats, the option to initiate a node sync via a swipe gesture on the wallet's home screen, and the introduction of opt-in or opt-out functionality for newly implemented crash analytics via settings.
• Utreexo v0.5.0, a hash-based dynamic accumulator, is now available.
• Specter v2.1.1 is now available on StartOS. "This update brings compatibility with Bitcoin Core v28 and incorporates several upstream improvements," said developer Alex71btc.
• ESP-Miner (AxeOS) v2.7.0b1 is now available for testing.
• NodeGuard v0.16.1, a treasury management solution for Lightning nodes, has been released.
• The latest stacker.news updates include prompts to add a receiving wallet when posting or making comments (for new users), an option to randomize poll choices, improved URL search, and a few other enhancements. A bug fix for territories created after 9/19/24 has been implemented to reward 70% of their revenue to owners instead of 50%.

Other stuff

• The April edition of the 256 Foundation's newsletter is now available. It includes the latest mining news, Bitcoin network health updates, project developments, and a tutorial on how to update FutureBit's Apollo 1 to the Apollo 2 software.
• Siggy47 has posted a comprehensive RoboSats guide on stacker.news.
• Learn how to run your own Nostr relay using Citrine and Cloudflare Tunnels by following this step-by-step guide by Dhalism.
• Max Guise has written a Bitkey roadmap update for April 2025.

• PlebLab has uploaded a video on how to build a Rust wallet with LDK Node by Ben Carman.

• Do you want more? Subscribe and get No Bullshit GM report straight to your mailbox and No Bullshit Bitcoin on Nostr.

• Feedback or tips? Drop it here.
• #FREESAMOURAI

Sign up for No Bullshit Bitcoin

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@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

Autor: Anna Nagel. (Bild: Lukas Karl). Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier. Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie auch in unserem Telegram-Kanal.

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Die neuesten Artikel der Friedenstaube gibt es jetzt auch im eigenen Friedenstaube-Telegram-Kanal.

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Wem in seinem Leben Schmerz zugefügt wurde, wer sich ungerecht behandelt fühlt oder wachen Auges in der Welt umschaut, kommt wahrscheinlich irgendwann mit der Frage in Berührung, wie das alles noch einmal «gut» werden kann. Wie kann die Welt sich mit sich selbst versöhnen? Und wie kann ich es selbst schaffen, mich mit ihr und den Menschen, die schlimme Taten vollbringen, wieder in harmonischer Akzeptanz zu verbinden? Kann und will ich gewisse Gräueltaten verzeihen oder gibt es das «Unverzeihliche»? Und selbst wenn ich wollte, wie könnte mir das gelingen?

Perspektivwechsel

Wenn wir an dem Zorn über begangenes Unrecht festhalten, schauen wir in der Regel aus immer derselben Perspektive auf das Geschehen. Mal um Mal erzürnen und empören wir uns darüber, erzählen uns und anderen stets die gleiche Geschichte, die uns allerdings – ebenfalls ein ums andere Mal – wieder selbst verletzt. Das Destruktive holt uns so ständig wieder ein; wir sehen und fühlen das unschuldige Kind und empfinden Verachtung für die Täter.

Die Perspektive zu wechseln lädt uns dazu ein, das Geschehen aus anderen Blickwinkeln zu betrachten und unser Bewusstsein von der schmerzlichen Wiederholung zu lösen. Wir können einmal weit rauszoomen und einen spirituellen Blickwinkel einnehmen, beispielsweise aus Sicht des All-ein-Bewusstseins, das sich in unzählige Seelen teilt, von denen wiederum Milliarden derzeit auf der Erde inkarniert sind. Dieses eine Bewusstsein möchte jede auch nur mögliche Erfahrung machen und durch die Trennung – die Erschaffung der Dualität – kann es sich selbst aus diesen Milliarden Persönlichkeiten heraus erfahren, um zu lernen. Während dieser scheinbaren Trennung vergessen wir, dass wir alle eins sind, dass wir alle aus demselben «Stoff» gemacht sind und nach diesem Spiel hier auf Erden unsere Erinnerung zurückerlangen und unsere Erfahrungen zurück geben in die eine «Quelle».

Unser aller Reise geht letztlich darum, hier auf der Erde aus diesem Zustand des Vergessens zu erwachen. Um dies zu erreichen und all diese Erfahrungen machen zu können und uns auch unter widrigsten Umständen an unsere wahre Essenz, an die Liebe, erinnern können, braucht es auch Akteure, die die Dunkelheit verkörpern – denn nur so haben wir die Wahl, ob wir uns von ihr einnehmen lassen oder uns für die Liebe und das Mitgefühl entscheiden. Der Täter sowie das Opfer sind dabei stets Aspekte unserer selbst – im Innen wie im Außen – und jeder einzelne verändert die Welt, indem er Liebe und Mitgefühl oder Hass und Verachtung wählt.

Eine etwas rationalere Herangehensweise wäre, zu schauen, was dazu führt, dass ein Mensch sich derart unmenschlich verhalten kann; also der Zugang über die Psychologie. Hier werden wir uns bewusst, dass jeder Täter auch einmal ein Kind war. Symbolisch sogar das Kind, mit dem wir jetzt im Beispiel mitfühlen und das wir gleichzeitig heute als erwachsenen Täter verachten. Natürlich kann man hier einwenden, dass nicht jedes Opfer zum Täter wird, aber man kann ebenso anerkennen, dass uns bei dieser Haltung das größte Stück fehlt; und zwar die Geschichte desjenigen, die Jahre dazwischen, sowie jeder einzelne Reiz und jedes Detail der Umstände.

Wie viel Schmerz und Leid muss ein Mensch erfahren, bis er unmenschlich wird? Mit Einbezug aller Umstände und Faktoren, der psychischen Schutzmechanismen traumatischer Erfahrungen sowie fehlender Ausbildung sozialer und empathischer Fähigkeiten auch im neuronalen Bereich kann man auch auf diesem Wege Verständnis erlangen. Sichtbar wird hierdurch auch, dass emotionaler Schmerz über Generationen weitergegeben wird und es schwer ersichtlich ist, wo denn die eigentliche Ursache liegt. Auch hier wird erkennbar, dass nur jeder bei sich anfangen kann und Verantwortung für seine Heilung – und damit gleichzeitig die anderer – übernehmen müsste, anstatt auf die Suche nach dem oder der «Schuldigen» zu gehen.

Was bedarf eigentlich der Vergebung?

Wenn es uns schwerfällt zu vergeben, also Groll und Verachtung loszulassen und Mitgefühl zu empfinden, ist es ebenfalls hilfreich, einmal hinzuschauen, worum es genau geht. Wenn es uns selbst betrifft, handelt es sich in der Regel um Schmerz, der uns willentlich, manchmal auch unbewusst, zugefügt wurde und den wir (noch) nicht loslassen können, weil er noch nicht verheilt ist. Darauf gehe ich später noch einmal ein. Oft geht es aber auch um uns unbekannte Menschen, von deren Verbrechen wir Kenntnis haben und deren Ungeheuerlichkeit uns aus der Fassung bringt. Es geht um Taten, die wir nicht nachvollziehen können, weder rational noch emotional. Wir meinen, selbst wenn jemand nicht spürte, was er anderen antut, so müsse er es doch wenigstens besser wissen. Das ist das, was uns Menschen ausmacht, mit anderen mitzufühlen und sie zu verstehen. Doch anscheinend gibt es Menschen, deren Persönlichkeit oder auch Psyche dazu absolut nicht in der Lage sind. Die keinen moralischen Kompass besitzen und keinerlei soziales Empfinden, denn sonst könnten sie bestimmte Taten nicht ausführen. Möglicherweise dissoziieren sie sich selbst so stark, dass diese für sie eine Normalität darstellen, sie diese entschuldigen beziehungsweise vor sich selbst rechtfertigen oder im extremen Fall keine Erinnerung mehr daran haben.

Uns erscheinen die fehlende Empathie sowie das fehlende Verständnis so fremd, dass wir es nicht nachvollziehen können. Uns fehlt die Nachvollziehbarkeit der Nichtnachvollziehbarkeit des Erlebens des anderen, und wir erachten diesen dadurch als unmenschlich. Denn menschlich wären doch eben diese Fähigkeiten wie Mitgefühl, Güte, Reflexion, Warmherzigkeit, Verständnis und Liebe. Zugleich erzeugen wir hier aber einen Konflikt, wenn wir sagen: «Da diese Menschen sich so unmenschlich verhalten, soll ihnen kein Mitgefühl und keine Vergebung entgegengebracht werden, sollen auch sie nicht menschlich behandelt werden», wodurch wir uns allerdings selbst unserer Menschlichkeit berauben.

«Aber der Täter hatte doch die freie Wahl, er hätte doch anders entscheiden können!» Ja, möglicherweise schon, aber jetzt haben wir die Wahl. Und wir haben viel leichtere Voraussetzungen dafür, menschlich zu handeln, weil wir gesunden Zugang zu unserer Empathie, Moral und unserer Ratio haben.

Hätte der Täter es geschafft, seinen Tätern zu verzeihen, würde er die Destruktivität, die er ab einem gewissen Zeitpunkt nicht mehr in sich tragen oder verdrängen konnte, nicht an anderen ausagieren. Es ist ihm nicht gelungen, vielleicht sogar weil etwas in ihm es für unmöglich hielt, Unmenschliches, das ihm zugefügt wurde, zu verzeihen. Aber uns kann es gelingen, diesen Kreislauf zu durchbrechen und uns nicht in ihn hineinziehen zu lassen; wir können dem «Dunklen» den Nährboden entziehen.

Manchmal nehmen wir an, würden wir das Unbeschreibliche verzeihen, bedeutete dies, dass wir es tolerieren oder gar gutheißen. Dem ist nicht so. Analog dazu habe ich manches Mal die Angst gehabt, würde ich aufhören, um meinen Freund zu trauern, bedeute dies, dass ich ihn nicht mehr vermisse. Auch das ist nicht richtig. Ich heile lediglich das, was mir Schmerzen zufügt, bis am Ende nur noch die Liebe bleibt. Und wenn wir verzeihen, ist es kein Gutheißen der Taten, es bedeutet ein Loslassen dessen, was uns damit verstrickt und das Destruktive nährt.

Mitgefühl beginnt bei uns selbst

«Daß ich dem Hungrigen zu essen gebe, dem vergebe, der mich beleidigt, und meinen Feind liebe- das sind große Tugenden. Was aber, wenn ich nun entdecken sollte, daß der armselige Bettler und der unverschämteste Beleidiger alle in mir selber sind und ich bedürftig bin, Empfänger meiner eigenen Wohltaten zu sein? Daß ich der Feind bin, den ich lieben muß - was dann?» – C. G. Jung

Mit diesem Zitat beginnt Dan Millman das Kapitel «Das Gesetz des Mitgefühls» in seinem Buch «Die universellen Lebensgesetze des friedvollen Kriegers». Die weise Frau lehrt dem Wanderer das Gesetz des Mitgefühls und erklärt, es sei «eine liebevolle Aufforderung, über unsere begrenzte Sichtweise hinauszuwachsen», auch wenn die Last dieser Aufgabe zuweilen sehr schwer wiegen könne. Genau deshalb müsse man daran denken, dass sie bei uns selbst beginnt und wir «geduldig» und «sanft» mit uns, unseren Gefühlen und Gedanken sein sollten.

Um dem – noch skeptischen – Wanderer zu veranschaulichen, wie wir Mitgefühl auch mit unseren Gegnern empfinden können, bat sie ihn, sich an eine Auseinandersetzung zu erinnern, in der er zornig, neidisch oder eifersüchtig war und sich diese Gefühle noch einmal zu vergegenwärtigen. Als er das tat, den Schmerz und die Wut wieder spürte, sagte sie zu ihm: «Und nun stell dir vor, daß der Mensch, mit dem du dich streitest, mitten in eurer erregten Auseinandersetzung plötzlich nach seinem Herzen faßt, einen Schrei ausstößt und zu deinen Füßen tot zu Boden sinkt.» Der Wanderer erschrak und auf Nachfrage der weisen Frau stellte er fest, dass er nun keinerlei Schmerz oder Wut mehr empfand. Sogleich aber kam ihm der Gedanke: «Aber – aber was wäre, wenn ich mich über den Tod dieses Menschen freuen würde? Wenn ich ihm nicht verzeihen könnte?», worauf die weise Frau antwortete: «Dann verzeih dir wenigstens selber deine Unversöhnlichkeit. Und in dieser Vergebung wirst du das Mitgefühl finden, das deinen Schmerz heilt, als Mensch in dieser Welt zu leben.»

Weiter erinnert uns die weise Frau daran, dass wir alle, während wir hier auf der Erde sind, Träume, Hoffnungen und Enttäuschungen haben; und dass diese, sowie letztlich der Tod, uns alle verbinden.

Es ist ein Prozess

Dan Millman sagt hier in Gestalt der Weisen Frau, dass Mitgefühl bei uns selbst beginnt und diesen Aspekt möchte ich noch einmal hervorheben. Es kann nämlich passieren, dass wir uns in einer oberflächlichen Vergebung wieder finden, weil wir meinen, es sei richtig und moralisch, anderen zu verzeihen, ohne aber die tieferen Schichten dabei zu fühlen. Das ist dann leider nichts anderes, als Verdrängung. Gerade wenn wir selbst Opfer von Ungerechtigkeit, physischer oder mentaler Gewalt wurden, ist es unerlässlich den Heilungsweg in Gänze zu durchschreiten, und in den Wachstumsprozess zu verwandeln, der uns Mitgefühl und Weisheit lehrt. Und dazu gehören die Wut auf das Begangene, die Verzweiflung, die Ungerechtigkeit und Ohnmacht zu fühlen, uns auf «unsere Seite» zu stellen und Partei für uns selbst zu ergreifen, bevor es ernstlich möglich wird, zu verzeihen. Zunächst fühlen wir mit uns selbst den Schmerz und befreien die Gefühle, die wir uns möglicherweise nie trauten zu fühlen, all die Wut und den Groll. Erst später kann dann aus dem Inneren heraus das weitere Erkennen stattfinden und Heilung und Vergebung geschehen.

Vergebung findet im Herzen statt

Die hier in diesem Text von mir aufgeführten Perspektiven sind nur zwei, drei kleine Beispiele für Sichtweisen, die man einnehmen könnte, um zu neuen Einsichten zu gelangen. Sie sollen niemanden von irgendetwas überzeugen, sondern als Anregung dienen. Denn letztlich geht es darum, Vergebung in sich selbst zu finden. Vergebung ist also etwas, das aus dem Inneren heraus entsteht; ein Ergebnis eines tiefen Verständnisses und Fühlens, ja eines Erkennens. Auf dieser Reise gehen wir unterschiedliche Blickwinkel und Versionen ab, bis wir im Herzen ankommen, es sich öffnet und wir plötzlich «klar» sehen. Daraufhin breitet sich Wärme im Körper aus, Liebe durchströmt uns, begleitet möglicherweise von einem Gefühl leiser Euphorie, möglicherweise auch einem leichten Schmerz und Tränen – sowohl ein paar der Traurigkeit als auch welchen der Dankbarkeit. Das Loslassen und die Befreiung sind spürbar und nur für jeden persönlich erfahrbar, der sich auf diesen Weg begibt und seine individuelle Ansicht findet, die ihn befreit und erlöst.

Meiner Meinung nach bedeutet also Vergebung eine Öffnung des Herzens, ein Erkennen und ein Hineinwachsen in die Perspektive der Liebe. Sie ist nicht auf rationaler Ebene zu finden; die rationale Ebene kann nur dabei helfen, den Weg zum Mitgefühl zu beschreiten, denn:

«Man sieht nur mit dem Herzen gut. Das Wesentliche ist für die Augen unsichtbar.»

– Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

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Anna Nagel veröffentlicht auf ihrem Blog „Heimwärts“ seit Jahren zu den Themen Heilung, Bewusstsein, kollektives Erwachen, Gefühle, Spiritualität, Psyche, Kundalini und Philosophie.

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Sie sind noch nicht auf Nostr and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil! Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf Start. Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im Pareto-Wiki.

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• "Today we're launching the beta version of our multiplatform Nostr browser! Think Google Chrome but for Nostr apps. The beta is our big first step toward this vision," announced Damus.
• This version comes with the Dave Nostr AI assistant, support for zaps and the Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) wallet interface, full-text note search, GIFs and fullscreen images, multiple media uploads, user tagging, relay list and mute list support, along with a number of other improvements."

"Included in the beta is the Dave, the Nostr AI assistant (its Grok for Nostr). Dave is a new Notedeck browser app that can search and summarize notes from the network. For a full breakdown of everything new, check out our beta launch video."

What's new

• Dave Nostr AI assistant app.
• GIFs.
• Fulltext note search.
• Add full screen images, add zoom, and pan.
• Zaps! NWC/ Wallet UI.
• Introduce last note per pubkey feed (experimental).
• Allow multiple media uploads per selection.
• Major Android improvements (still WIP).
• Added notedeck app sidebar.
• User Tagging.
• Note truncation.
• Local network note broadcast, broadcast notes to other notedeck notes while you're offline.
• Mute list support (reading).
• Relay list support.
• Ctrl-enter to send notes.
• Added relay indexing (relay columns soon).
• Click hashtags to open hashtag timeline.
• Fixed timelines sometimes not updating (stale feeds).
• Fixed UI bounciness when loading profile pictures
• Fixed unselectable post replies.

Announcement / Archive
GitHub Repo
Website

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The IMF wants to ensure that the Central American country stops buying more bitcoins, despite President Bukele’s stance.

On May 27, the International Monetary Fund announced its intention to “guarantee” that El Salvador’s government-held Bitcoin reserves remain unchanged. This position is at odds with the statements of President Nayib Bukele, who continues to support the expansion of the country’s national Bitcoin wallet.

The announcement came as part of the first review of the Extended Fund Facility, a financing agreement that has reached a preliminary understanding between the parties. The original agreement, signed last December, includes limiting Bitcoin-related activities in exchange for a $1.4 billion financing package spread over 40 months.

Details of the agreement

The overall package could reach $3.5 billion thanks to additional support from other institutions, including the World Bank.

The Salvadoran Congress quickly approved the necessary amendments to incorporate the IMF’s terms into the Bitcoin Law. Among the most significant changes is the shift from mandatory to voluntary acceptance of Bitcoin payments in the private sector. However, although the law formally required businesses to accept Bitcoin as legal tender, this provision was never truly enforced in practice. Additionally, the country will have to cease its involvement in the Chivo wallet by the end of July.

The IMF Executive Board approved the financing agreement last February, allowing the country to receive an initial disbursement of $120 million after a separate approval by the board.

Bukele’s position

Despite the agreement with the IMF, President Bukele remains firm in his commitment to expanding the national Bitcoin reserves. In a post on X published in March, the Salvadoran leader stated:

“This all stops in April.” “This all stops in June.” “This all stops in December.”

No, it’s not stopping.

If it didn’t stop when the world ostracized us and most “bitcoiners” abandoned us, it won’t stop now, and it won’t stop in the future.

Proof of work > proof of whining https://t.co/9pC0PoY3YQ

— Nayib Bukele (@nayibbukele) March 4, 2025

Shortly after the IMF’s announcement, El Salvador’s Bitcoin Office posted on X that the country had once again purchased more BTC. According to the official tracker, El Salvador, through the Bitcoin Office, has accumulated 30 BTC in the past 30 days.

Last week, Bukele shared on X that the country’s Bitcoin reserves had recorded unrealized profits exceeding $357 million. However, when he reposted the IMF’s announcement, he made no comment regarding the section on restrictions for future Bitcoin purchases.

The IMF’s program aims to address El Salvador’s macroeconomic and structural challenges. The organization views the country’s Bitcoin reserves as a potential risk that “has not yet materialized,” but nonetheless requires limiting government involvement in Bitcoin activities and purchases.

The post El Salvador: IMF ready to block new Bitcoin purchases appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 83279ad2:bd49240d

a

@ 83279ad2:bd49240d

a

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Jack Dorsey’s company is bringing bitcoin payments to the retail market through the Lightning Network.

Block — the firm led by Dorsey that owns Square and Bitkey — has officially announced the integration of bitcoin payments into the Square platform, with a full rollout planned for 2026 for all eligible merchants.

Today: we’re accepting bitcoin payments at @TheBitcoinConf
Soon: you can accept bitcoin payments wherever you are

Details here: https://t.co/ko2S9hFpih pic.twitter.com/IYlYV6XM2S

— Square (@Square) May 27, 2025

At the Bitcoin Conference 2025 in Las Vegas, attendees had the chance to preview satoshi payments via Square at BTC Inc.’s merchandise store.

The technology relies on the Lightning Network, the second-layer infrastructure enabling instant, low-cost bitcoin transactions. This approach will allow merchants to accept satoshi payments through their existing Square hardware.

The implementation plan includes an initial launch in the second half of 2025, pending necessary regulatory approvals. The initiative represents a key pillar in the company’s strategy to make bitcoin more accessible for everyday transactions.

Miles Suter, Bitcoin Product Lead at Block, stated:

“Block has long been a champion of bitcoin, focused on making it more accessible and usable in our everyday lives. Rolling out a native bitcoin experience to millions of sellers brings us one step closer to that goal. When a coffee shop or retail store can accept bitcoin through Square, small businesses get paid faster, and get to keep more of their revenue.”

The announcement follows Dorsey’s statement last month confirming that Block was working to integrate BTC as a payment option for both Bitkey and Square.

Alongside the announcement, Block also revealed that Bitkey will introduce new privacy and security features in May, including a legacy recovery option available to all users.

The post Jack Dorsey’s Block to integrate Bitcoin payments into Square appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 32c87f47:cb8f61a1

O universo do entretenimento digital tem evoluído rapidamente, e uma das plataformas que vem ganhando destaque nesse cenário é a Tribo777. Com uma proposta inovadora, voltada para jogadores brasileiros que buscam emoção, praticidade e recompensas reais, o site se posiciona como uma das melhores opções para quem quer unir diversão e estratégia.

Conhecendo a Plataforma Tribo777 A Tribo777 foi desenvolvida com foco total na experiência do usuário. Ao acessar o site, o jogador é imediatamente recebido por uma interface amigável, com menus intuitivos e design moderno. A plataforma funciona perfeitamente tanto em computadores quanto em dispositivos móveis, o que permite jogar de qualquer lugar, a qualquer hora.

Um dos grandes diferenciais da Tribo777 é a agilidade no carregamento dos jogos e a estabilidade durante as partidas. Isso garante uma experiência fluida, sem interrupções, o que é essencial para quem gosta de se manter concentrado e maximizar suas chances de vitória.

Além disso, a plataforma oferece diversos métodos de pagamento locais, como PIX, transferência bancária e carteiras digitais, facilitando depósitos e saques com rapidez e segurança.

Diversidade de Jogos para Todos os Estilos O catálogo de jogos da Tribo777 é amplo e repleto de opções para todos os perfis de jogador. Entre os destaques, estão os famosos jogos de slots, que combinam gráficos vibrantes, trilhas sonoras envolventes e mecânicas dinâmicas. Com uma variedade impressionante de temas — que vão desde aventuras mitológicas até cenários futuristas — os slots garantem horas de entretenimento.

Para os fãs de jogos clássicos, a plataforma também conta com títulos como roletas, cartas e outros desafios de habilidade que envolvem raciocínio rápido e tomada de decisões estratégicas. Muitos desses jogos contam com modos ao vivo, nos quais o jogador interage em tempo real com apresentadores e outros participantes, tornando a experiência ainda mais imersiva.

Outro ponto interessante é a presença de jogos exclusivos, que só podem ser encontrados na Tribo777. Esses títulos oferecem mecânicas diferenciadas e promoções especiais, o que contribui para a fidelização dos jogadores.

Experiência do Jogador: Segurança, Suporte e Promoções A Tribo777 se preocupa com cada detalhe da jornada do jogador. Desde o cadastro rápido até o momento de retirar os ganhos, tudo é feito com máxima transparência e praticidade. A segurança é uma prioridade, com tecnologias avançadas de proteção de dados e transações criptografadas.

O suporte ao cliente está disponível todos os dias, com atendimento em português, preparado para resolver qualquer dúvida ou problema de forma rápida e eficiente. Seja por chat ao vivo ou por e-mail, os jogadores sempre têm com quem contar.

Outro atrativo que conquista os usuários é o programa de recompensas. A plataforma oferece bônus de boas-vindas, giros grátis, cashback e promoções frequentes, que aumentam as chances de jogar mais e ganhar mais. Além disso, há eventos temáticos e torneios com prêmios atrativos, que tornam a participação ainda mais divertida e competitiva.

Conclusão A Tribo777 chega ao mercado com uma proposta sólida, voltada para jogadores brasileiros que buscam qualidade, emoção e recompensas reais. Com uma interface moderna, variedade de jogos, suporte dedicado e promoções constantes, a plataforma se firma como uma excelente escolha para quem quer explorar o mundo do entretenimento online com confiança e diversão.

Se você ainda não conhece a Tribo777, esta é a hora de se juntar à tribo e descobrir um novo jeito de jogar — com emoção, segurança e muitas oportunidades de vitória.

@ d3d74124:a4eb7b1d

language is a funny thing. the English grammar is one of the most, if the not THE most complicated grammars to learn.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Language_Aptitude_Battery\ DLAB. it's the test you take to see if you have a gift for language learning.

in my exploration of languages, first Chinese Mandarin, then software languages, context is king (Jesus is King). the surrounding context is different every where you go.

physical space context. we can't be two places at once. nostr allows for many languages, because you can provide your own digital context. our physical perspective give us a field of view. NOSTR clients give us a field of view into digital context.

math is a language.

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bitcoin will be called a lot of things.

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wizardry

some elections results are anchored in time. using bitcoin. what else should be? legal documents seem obvious. other cryptographic proofs.

zero knowledge proofs. something about curve trees.

Find your local BitDevs.

Shenandoah Bitcoin Club

pondering a Veteran's Day live music event in Frederick County, VA. who would show up to a lunch and learn with hardware wallets in testnet4 mode? to try shit out? local only, but you should do it where you are too if you're not local.

mining

getting better? Bitmain announces a "decentralized mining pool" but I doubt we'll see open source code if history follows. 256Foundation getting to business. working prototypes for the Ember One using USB and python are out there for those that know where to look. i am very bullish on mujina. very bullish. fun coinbase tricks happening too with CTV+CSFS.

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p.s. written on primal's new article publishing UI.

@ 32c87f47:cb8f61a1

Se você está em busca de uma plataforma confiável, divertida e repleta de oportunidades para se entreter com jogos online, o 77BB é o lugar ideal para você. Com uma estrutura moderna, interface amigável e uma variedade impressionante de jogos, o 77BB vem conquistando jogadores de todo o Brasil e se destacando como uma das principais referências no setor de entretenimento digital.

Uma Plataforma Completa para Todos os Perfis de Jogadores Desde o primeiro acesso, fica evidente que o 77BB foi desenvolvido com foco na experiência do usuário. O site possui um layout intuitivo, permitindo que jogadores iniciantes e experientes naveguem com facilidade entre as diferentes categorias. Além disso, a plataforma é totalmente compatível com dispositivos móveis, oferecendo uma experiência fluida tanto em celulares quanto em tablets e computadores.

Outro diferencial importante é a segurança. O 77bbconta com tecnologia de ponta para garantir a proteção dos dados dos jogadores, além de adotar políticas rigorosas de privacidade e suporte eficiente para esclarecer dúvidas e resolver qualquer questão rapidamente.

Variedade de Jogos para Todos os Gostos A diversidade de jogos disponíveis é um dos grandes atrativos da plataforma. O 77BB oferece uma seleção robusta que inclui desde os clássicos jogos de mesa até opções mais modernas com gráficos avançados e dinâmicas interativas. Entre os jogos mais populares estão os slots temáticos, jogos de cartas como pôquer e blackjack, além de roletas e outros formatos que simulam a atmosfera de casas de jogo físicas.

Os jogos são fornecidos por desenvolvedores renomados no mercado internacional, o que garante qualidade, fluidez e total imparcialidade nos resultados. Isso proporciona uma experiência justa e divertida, com chances reais de ganho e muita emoção a cada rodada.

Experiência do Jogador: Diversão e Benefícios Reais Um dos pontos mais elogiados pelos usuários do 77BB é a experiência geral oferecida pela plataforma. Além da facilidade de uso e da grande variedade de jogos, o site conta com promoções regulares, bônus de boas-vindas e programas de fidelidade que recompensam os jogadores mais ativos.

As promoções variam frequentemente e podem incluir rodadas grátis, bônus em depósitos e prêmios especiais em eventos temáticos. Isso torna a jornada ainda mais empolgante e mantém os jogadores sempre motivados a explorar novos títulos e desafios.

Outro aspecto importante é o suporte ao cliente. O 77BB oferece atendimento em português por meio de chat ao vivo e outros canais, garantindo que qualquer dúvida ou problema seja resolvido de forma rápida e eficiente. Esse cuidado com o usuário contribui para um ambiente mais acolhedor e profissional.

Conclusão: 77BB é Sinônimo de Diversão Garantida Se você procura uma plataforma segura, completa e cheia de possibilidades para se divertir com jogos online, o 77BB é uma escolha certeira. Com uma interface acessível, excelente variedade de jogos e um atendimento ao cliente exemplar, o 77BB entrega uma experiência de alto nível que agrada tanto iniciantes quanto veteranos.

Descubra hoje mesmo o universo de entretenimento que o 77BB tem a oferecer e transforme seu tempo livre em momentos de pura diversão!

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

เรามาดู แลคเชอร์ประวัติศาสตร์ ที่พลิกโลกแห่งการเกษตรและอาหารของมนุษย์ชาติกันครับ เรามาดูความแยบยลที่สามารถจูงใจคนมากมายให้เห็นถึงข้อดีของเนื้อจากแลบ เขาทำได้ยังไง เรามาศึกษาการสื่อสารกันครับ

เรื่องมันเริ่มจากการประชุม World Economic Forum ปี 2015 ที่ศาสตราจารย์ Mark Post นักเภสัชวิทยาชาวดัตช์ ที่เรารู้จักกันไปแล้ว ซึ่งตอนนั้นเป็นศาสตราจารย์ด้านสรีรวิทยาของหลอดเลือดอยู่ที่ Maastricht University และเป็นผู้ร่วมก่อตั้งบริษัท Mosa Meat ได้ลุกขึ้นมาเล่าเรื่อง "เนื้อเพาะเลี้ยง" หรือ cultured meat ให้คนทั้งห้องฟัง

สิ่งที่เขาพูดมันไม่ใช่แค่นวัตกรรมใหม่ แต่คือคำเตือนที่จริงจัง ว่าถ้ามนุษย์ยังผลิตเนื้อสัตว์แบบเดิม เรากำลังวิ่งเข้าใกล้ปัญหาใหญ่ที่รออยู่ข้างหน้า

ศาสตราจารย์ Post เล่าไว้ได้น่าสนใจมาก เขาบอกว่าแค่จะได้แฮมเบอร์เกอร์ 1 ชิ้นขนาดหนึ่งในสี่ปอนด์ เราต้องใช้เมล็ดธัญพืช 7 ปอนด์ ใช้น้ำจืด 50 แกลลอน และพื้นที่ดินอีก 70 ตารางฟุต นั่นแปลว่าเรากำลังเปลี่ยนของดีในธรรมชาติ ข้าว น้ำ ดิน ไปเป็นของที่กินหมดใน 10 นาที แล้วหิวใหม่ได้ในอีกครึ่งชั่วโมง

เหตุผลก็เพราะวัวมันไม่ได้แปลงโปรตีนพืชมาเป็นเนื้อได้มีประสิทธิภาพนัก พูดอีกแบบคือ มันเปลืองเกินไป

ตอนนี้พื้นที่เพาะปลูกของโลกกว่า 70% ถูกใช้ไปในการผลิตเนื้อสัตว์ คิดดูสิว่าถ้าเราหาทางที่ดีกว่านี้ได้ เราจะมีพื้นที่ว่างกลับคืนมาแค่ไหน

แถมวัวไม่ใช่แค่กินเก่งนะ ยังปล่อยก๊าซเก่งด้วย โดยเฉพาะมีเทนที่ทำให้โลกร้อนพอๆ กับอุตสาหกรรมการขนส่งเลยทีเดียว ศาสตราจารย์ Post เล่าว่า ทุกครั้งที่เขาเห็นวัวยืนเคี้ยวหญ้า เขาไม่ได้เห็นแค่วัว...แต่เห็นเมฆก๊าซมีเทนลอยมาด้วย

และที่น่าคิดคือ เมื่อรายได้ของคนในอินเดียหรือจีนสูงขึ้น พวกเขาจะกินเนื้อเพิ่มตามรายได้ ซึ่งสถิติบอกว่าภายในปี 2050 ความต้องการเนื้อสัตว์จะเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น สองเท่า จากปัจจุบัน

แต่ศาสตราจารย์ก็ไม่ได้มองว่าเนื้อเป็นปีศาจ เขาบอกว่า มนุษย์ถูกสร้างมาให้รักเนื้อ เนื้อคือสิ่งที่มาพร้อมวิวัฒนาการ เราได้พลังงานจากมัน สมองเราใหญ่ขึ้นเพราะมัน และกลายเป็นมนุษย์เพราะมัน

แม้จะมีคนอีกกว่าสองพันล้านที่เป็นมังสวิรัติ ส่วนใหญ่อาจเพราะไม่มีทางเลือก แต่อย่างน้อยพวกเขาก็อยู่รอดได้ แต่ก็ปฏิเสธไม่ได้ว่า คนที่เคยล่า เคยกินเนื้อ จะรู้สึกตื่นเต้นทุกครั้งที่ได้แบ่งเนื้อกันบนโต๊ะ

ศาสตราจารย์ Post เองก็ยังชอบกินเนื้อ แต่เขาอยากได้เนื้อที่ได้มาจากทางเลือกที่ดีกว่า ไม่ใช่ทางที่พาโลกเข้า ICU

เนื้อเพาะเลี้ยงเริ่มจากหลักการง่ายๆ ที่เรารู้มาตั้งแต่ช่วงปี 2000 ว่า ในกล้ามเนื้อของสัตว์มี สเต็มเซลล์ รอคอยจะซ่อมแซมเนื้อเยื่อหากมันได้รับบาดเจ็บ

แค่เอาชิ้นกล้ามเนื้อเล็กๆ จากวัว ขนาดแค่ 1 ซม. x 1 มม. มาแยกสเต็มเซลล์ออกมาเลี้ยงให้ขยายตัว

เฮียว่าอันนี้น่าทึ่งมาก เพราะจากตัวอย่างเล็กๆ ชิ้นเดียว สามารถผลิตเนื้อวัวได้ถึง 10,000 กิโลกรัม เลยนะ!

แปลว่าเราสามารถลดจำนวนวัวทั้งโลกจากครึ่งพันล้านตัว เหลือแค่ประมาณ 30,000 ตัวได้เลย

และถ้าให้เซลล์กล้ามเนื้อพวกนี้อยู่ในสภาพแวดล้อมที่เหมาะสม มันก็จะเริ่มสร้างกล้ามเนื้อขึ้นมาเอง โดยเฉพาะถ้าเรากระตุ้นให้มันรู้สึกเหมือนกำลัง “ออกกำลัง” อยู่ เช่น ใส่แรงตึงเข้าไป

ทีมนักวิจัยของเขาเลี้ยงเซลล์เหล่านี้ให้เติบโตในรูปวงแหวนคล้ายโดนัท ครบ 3 สัปดาห์ กล้ามเนื้อจะเริ่มหดตัว สร้างความตึง และกลายเป็นเนื้อกล้ามเนื้อแบบเต็มตัวที่ดูไม่ต่างจากกล้ามเนื้อในสเต็กจริงๆ เลย

ปี 2013 ทีมของ Mark Post ผลิตเส้นใยกล้ามเนื้อจำนวน 10,000 เส้น เอามาทำแฮมเบอร์เกอร์ และนำไปเปิดตัวในงานแถลงข่าวที่ลอนดอน เป็นเหมือนการโชว์ทำอาหารผสมกับเปิดงานวิจัย

จุดประสงค์คือจะพิสูจน์ให้โลกเห็นว่า “เฮ้ย! สิ่งนี้ไม่ใช่แค่ไอเดียลอยๆ แต่มันทำได้จริง และจำเป็นต้องทำจริงๆ เพราะเรากำลังจะเจอวิกฤต”

ราคาแฮมเบอร์เกอร์ตอนนั้นคือ 250,000 ยูโร

มีเชฟผู้กล้าปรุง และอาสาสมัครสองคนลองชิม พวกเขาบอกว่า “ก็โอเคในฐานะเบอร์เกอร์ราคาเท่านี้ แต่ก็อยากได้รสเข้มกว่านี้หน่อย” เพราะยังไม่มีไขมัน เลยรสจืดไปหน่อย

แต่ที่สำคัญคือ พวกเขายืนยันว่า “มันคือเนื้อจริงๆ” ทั้งเนื้อสัมผัสและโครงสร้าง

แค่มีต้นแบบยังไม่พอ เพราะจะทำให้ขายได้จริง ต้องผ่านด่านสำคัญ เนื้อต้องผลิตได้โดยใช้ทรัพยากรน้อยกว่าการเลี้ยงวัวจริง การประเมินเบื้องต้นจาก University of Oxford พบว่า เนื้อเพาะเลี้ยงใช้พื้นที่น้อยลง 90% น้ำลดลง 90% พลังงานลดลง 60–70%

ทุกอย่างที่ใช้ในการเลี้ยงเซลล์ต้องมีจำนวนมากพอหรือหมุนเวียนใช้ได้ ที่น่าหนักใจคือ การเลี้ยงเซลล์ต้องใช้ “ซีรั่มจากลูกวัว” ซึ่งได้มาจากเลือดวัว ถ้าลดจำนวนวัว เราก็ไม่มีซีรั่ม แต่ตอนนี้มีงานพัฒนาไปเยอะแล้ว กำลังหาวิธีทำเซลล์กล้ามเนื้อโดยไม่ต้องพึ่งซีรั่มจากสัตว์

ไม่ใช่แค่โปรตีน แต่ต้องเป็น "เนื้อ" ในทุกความรู้สึก นักวิจัยพยายามปรับสภาพแวดล้อมการเพาะเลี้ยง เช่น ความเข้มข้นของออกซิเจน เพื่อให้เซลล์แสดงโปรตีนสำคัญ เช่น myoglobin ที่ทำให้เนื้อมีสีและรสชาติเหมือนเนื้อจริง

การยอมรับของผู้บริโภคเป็นอีกด่านสำคัญที่เนื้อเพาะเลี้ยงต้องข้ามผ่านให้ได้ ไม่ใช่แค่เรื่องรสชาติหรือคุณค่าทางโภชนาการเท่านั้น แต่ยังเป็นเรื่องของ "ใจ" ที่ต้องเปิดรับสิ่งใหม่ที่ไม่คุ้นเคย ศาสตราจารย์ Post เล่าว่า ในการสำรวจผู้บริโภคในอังกฤษและเนเธอร์แลนด์ พบว่ามีคนไม่น้อยที่ยินดีจะลองกินเนื้อเพาะเลี้ยง ถึง 52% ของชาวดัตช์ และ 60% ของชาวอังกฤษเลยทีเดียว

เขาเปรียบเทียบว่า จริงๆ แล้ว คนเรายอมกินฮอทดอกโดยไม่รู้ด้วยซ้ำว่าทำมาจากอะไร หรือผ่านอะไรมาบ้าง ขอแค่มัน "อร่อย ถูก และดูปลอดภัย" ก็เพียงพอแล้วสำหรับคนส่วนใหญ่ ดังนั้นเนื้อเพาะเลี้ยงจึงไม่ต่างกันมากนัก ขอเพียงให้คนรู้สึกว่า “กินแล้วไม่ตาย” และ “ไม่ได้แปลกจนใจฝ่อ” เท่านั้นแหละ วันหนึ่งมันก็จะกลายเป็นของธรรมดาในตู้เย็นเหมือนกับโยเกิร์ตหรือไส้กรอกนั่นเอง

ในด้านของราคา แม้จะยังไม่ถูกเท่าไส้กรอกในซูเปอร์ แต่ก็ลดลงมาไกลจากจุดเริ่มต้นแบบสุดๆ จากชิ้นต้นแบบราคา 250,000 ดอลลาร์ในปี 2013 ตอนนี้ต้นทุนลดลงมาเหลือประมาณ 65 ดอลลาร์ต่อกิโลกรัม (ยังไม่รวมเทคโนโลยีล้ำหน้าอื่นๆ ที่กำลังพัฒนาอยู่) ซึ่งก็ถือว่าอยู่ในระดับเดียวกับเนื้อวากิวหรือสเต๊กเกรดพรีเมียมเลยทีเดียว เป้าหมายคือทำให้ถูกลงอีก และผลิตได้ในระดับอุตสาหกรรมให้เพียงพอกับคนทั้งโลก ไม่ใช่ของฟุ่มเฟือยสำหรับคนรวยเท่านั้น

แต่วิสัยทัศน์ที่น่าสนใจจริงๆ คือ ภาพของอนาคตที่ศาสตราจารย์ Post วาดไว้ เขาเชื่อว่าเทคโนโลยีนี้เรียบง่ายพอที่จะขยายไปสู่ครัวเรือนหรือชุมชนเล็กๆ ได้ วันหนึ่งเราอาจได้เห็นการเพาะเลี้ยงเซลล์จากหมูที่เลี้ยงอยู่ข้างบ้าน แล้วเอาไปปั่นเป็นหมูสับแบบสดใหม่ ไม่ต้องฆ่าสัตว์ ไม่ต้องส่งโรงงาน ไม่ต้องตัดต่อพันธุกรรม แค่นั่งรอเหมือนหมักแป้งเปรี้ยว แล้วได้เนื้อสดๆ มาใส่ต้มจืด

และนั่นแหละคือ "การเปลี่ยนกรอบคิดเรื่องเนื้อสัตว์" แบบพลิกฝ่ามือ

มันจะไม่ใช่เรื่องการฆ่าอีกต่อไป ไม่ใช่เรื่องของฟาร์มกลิ่นฉี่ หรือสายพานโรงฆ่าสัตว์ มันจะเป็น "ผลิตภัณฑ์ใหม่" ที่เราสร้างได้ ควบคุมได้ และปรับแต่งได้ เช่น เพิ่มโอเมก้า 3 ในเซลล์ไขมันให้สูงขึ้น หรือทำให้เนื้อไม่มีคอเลสเตอรอลเลยก็ยังได้

แม้ศาสตราจารย์ Post จะเน้นเรื่องความมั่นคงทางอาหารและผลกระทบต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมเป็นหลัก แต่เขาก็ยอมรับว่า สำหรับคนกินทั่วๆ ไป ประเด็นที่ "ไม่มีสัตว์ต้องเจ็บปวด" จะกลายเป็นจุดขายที่สำคัญในใจของผู้บริโภค

เขาเชื่อว่า เมื่อวันนั้นมาถึง วันที่เรายืนอยู่หน้าตู้แช่ในซูเปอร์ แล้วเห็นผลิตภัณฑ์สองชิ้นวางข้างกัน — หนึ่งคือเนื้อวัวที่มาจากฟาร์ม และอีกหนึ่งคือเนื้อเพาะเลี้ยงที่ไม่เคยมีวัวต้องร้องไห้แม้แต่นิดเดียว — การตัดสินใจอาจจะไม่ง่าย แต่ "จะมีคนจำนวนมากขึ้นเรื่อยๆ ที่เลือกแบบไม่ต้องฆ่า"

เพราะสุดท้าย เราไม่ได้แค่กินเนื้อ… เรากำลังกิน “ความเชื่อ” ลงไปด้วย #pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

ใครสนใจดูคลิปก็กดตรงนี้ได้ครับ https://youtu.be/1lI9AwxKfTY?si=6CDBUl2yGBoHWc-P

@ 048ecb14:7c28ac78

I recently set up a Raspberry Pi camera server that's so minimal and straightforward, I thought it was worth sharing. This isn't one of those over-engineered solutions with fancy features - it's just a basic, reliable camera feed accessible from any browser on my local network.

The Goal

I wanted something that: 1. Starts automatically when the Pi boots up 2. Captures images at regular intervals 3. Shows the latest image in a simple web page accessible from any device 4. Doesn't require complex setup or dependencies 5. Uses minimal resources on my old Raspberry Pi

The Hardware

Nothing fancy here: - Raspberry Pi 2B (yes, the ancient one from 2015!) - Raspberry Pi Camera Module (standard version) - Power supply - That's it!

The Result

The interface is minimal but does the job. It shows the latest image and auto-refreshes every couple of seconds.

How to Get Set Up

Getting this running on your own Pi is super simple:

1. Make sure your camera module is connected and enabled bash sudo raspi-config # Navigate to Interface Options > Camera and enable it

2. Install the only dependency, ImageMagick (for rotation) bash sudo apt update sudo apt install imagemagick

3. Clone the repository, and navigate to the implementation's directory bash git clone https://github.com/rewolf/RpiCameraViewer cd simple

4. Start the camera server bash ./start_camera_server.sh

5. Access the feed from any device on your network http://your-pi-ip-address:8080

That's it! No complex configuration, no fancy dependencies.

For more details consider reading the README

To make it start automatically on boot:

Add the following, with your specific installation path ```bash crontab -e

Add this line:

@reboot cd /path/to/RpiCameraViewer/simple && ./start_camera_server.sh ```

Configuration

There's not much configuration, but you can tweak few variables at the top of the capture.sh file to modify width, height, rotation, quality, etc:

bash QUALITY=90 WIDTH=720 HEIGHT=1280 ROTATION=90 # Set to 0 to disable rotation

How It Works

The solution is very basic:

1. A bash script (capture.sh) captures photos every few seconds by running libcamera-still and sending a SIGUSR1 interrupt to signal it to capture a snapshot
2. The snapshot is rotated as needed with ImageMagick and saved with timestamps
3. A symbolic link is updated to point to the latest image
4. A minimal Python HTTP server serves a basic webpage showing the current image (the symlink), rendered to an HTML canvas

Note it does expose that directory to the whole LAN on :8080.

---

Give it a try if you need something like that quickly.

I have a plan to make a better implementation planned at some point, but for now this will do.

@ 32c87f47:cb8f61a1

No universo dos jogos online, a busca por plataformas confiáveis, divertidas e recheadas de opções é constante. É nesse cenário que o KK45 se destaca como uma escolha ideal para quem procura entretenimento de qualidade, segurança e uma experiência envolvente. Com uma interface moderna e intuitiva, a plataforma atrai jogadores de todos os níveis — desde os iniciantes até os mais experientes — oferecendo um catálogo variado de jogos e funcionalidades que fazem toda a diferença.

Conhecendo a Plataforma KK45 O KK45 é uma plataforma digital voltada para o entretenimento com foco total na qualidade e praticidade. O site foi desenvolvido pensando na experiência do usuário, com navegação fluida e recursos otimizados tanto para computadores quanto para dispositivos móveis. Isso significa que o jogador pode se divertir em qualquer lugar, a qualquer momento, bastando ter acesso à internet.

Outro diferencial é a segurança. O KK45 utiliza sistemas avançados de proteção de dados e transações, garantindo que todas as informações dos usuários estejam devidamente criptografadas. Além disso, o suporte ao cliente é eficiente e ágil, com atendimento em português e disponível 24 horas por dia, 7 dias por semana.

Variedade de Jogos para Todos os Gostos Um dos grandes atrativos do KK45 é a ampla variedade de jogos disponíveis. A plataforma trabalha com os principais desenvolvedores do mercado, trazendo gráficos de última geração, mecânicas envolventes e funcionalidades inovadoras. Entre os títulos mais populares, estão:

Slots temáticos: Com visuais incríveis e diversas funcionalidades bônus, os slots do KK45 agradam tanto os fãs de jogos clássicos quanto os que preferem aventuras modernas com muitos efeitos visuais.

Jogos de cartas e mesa: O ambiente perfeito para quem gosta de jogos como pôquer, blackjack, bacará, entre outros. Esses jogos são desenvolvidos com realismo e atenção aos detalhes, proporcionando partidas emocionantes.

Jogos interativos ao vivo: Para quem gosta de uma experiência mais próxima da realidade, os jogos ao vivo trazem interação em tempo real, com apresentadores reais, câmeras de alta definição e uma atmosfera imersiva.

A plataforma também investe em atualizações frequentes, lançando novos jogos regularmente para manter o catálogo sempre atualizado e atrativo.

A Experiência do Jogador no KK45 O que realmente diferencia o KK45 de outras plataformas é o cuidado com a experiência do jogador. Desde o cadastro simplificado até as formas de pagamento facilitadas, tudo foi pensado para proporcionar conforto e satisfação. O site oferece múltiplas opções de depósito e saque, com rapidez e segurança, além de bônus atrativos para novos jogadores e promoções recorrentes para os usuários fiéis.

Outro ponto forte é a personalização da experiência. Os jogadores podem salvar seus jogos favoritos, acompanhar seu histórico de partidas e configurar preferências para deixar a navegação ainda mais prática.

Além disso, o KK45 incentiva o jogo responsável, disponibilizando ferramentas que ajudam o usuário a controlar o tempo de uso e os valores investidos, promovendo uma diversão equilibrada.

Conclusão O KK45 se consolida como uma das principais plataformas de jogos online do Brasil, unindo tecnologia, segurança e uma variedade impressionante de jogos. Seja você um novato curioso ou um veterano em busca de novos desafios, o KK45 oferece tudo o que você precisa para uma jornada divertida e segura no mundo dos jogos digitais.

Explore agora mesmo a plataforma e descubra por que tantos jogadores estão escolhendo o KK45 como seu destino favorito para se entreter com qualidade e confiança!

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

The newly proposed RESTRICT ACT - is being advertised as a TikTok Ban, but is much broader than that, carries a $1M Fine and up to 20 years in prison️! It is unconstitutional and would create massive legal restrictions on the open source movement and free speech throughout the internet.

The Bill was proposed by: Senator Warner, Senator Thune, Senator Baldwin, Senator Fischer, Senator Manchin, Senator Moran, Senator Bennet, Senator Sullivan, Senator Gillibrand, Senator Collins, Senator Heinrich, and Senator Romney. It has broad support across Senators of both parties.

Corrupt politicians will not protect us. They are part of the problem. We must build, support, and learn how to use censorship resistant tools in order to defend our natural rights.

The RESTRICT Act, introduced by Senators Warner and Thune, aims to block or disrupt transactions and financial holdings involving foreign adversaries that pose risks to national security. Although the primary targets of this legislation are companies like Tik-Tok, the language of the bill could potentially be used to block or disrupt cryptocurrency transactions and, in extreme cases, block Americans’ access to open source tools or protocols like Bitcoin.

The Act creates a redundant regime paralleling OFAC without clear justification, it significantly limits the ability for injured parties to challenge actions raising due process concerns, and unlike OFAC it lacks any carve-out for protected speech. COINCENTER ON THE RESTRICT ACT

Full Text of Bill

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If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ ece127e2:745bab9c

vamos a ver que tal

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*lo bueno es que si entro en https://makimono.lumilumi.app/ a la nota y agrego contenido , como éste ...quiero ver si lo añade o hace una nueva nota ?? *

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The open-source project makes it possible to send bitcoin even in censored or disconnected areas through a radio mesh network.

In an interview with Decrypt, the developer known by the pseudonym “cyber” revealed the details of Darkwire, an open-source project that could enable new use cases for Bitcoin transactions without internet access.

The project, presented at the Bitcoin 2025 Official Hackathon, leverages Long Range Radio (LoRa) technology to create a decentralized mesh network that allows Bitcoin transactions to be sent even in the total absence of traditional connectivity.

Darkwire was specifically designed for situations where conventional communication infrastructure is inaccessible or controlled. According to cyber, the system is ideal for politically sensitive regions like the Rafah Crossing or the Indo-Tibetan border, where internet access can be limited or heavily monitored.

“Darkwire is for individuals seeking privacy or wishing to bypass surveillance of their communications and transactions. Imagine it to be akin to Tor but for this specific use case,” the creator explained.

LoRa technology

Darkwire operates through a combination of technologies. The system uses long-range LoRa radios along with microcontrollers such as the Arduino UNO to form a decentralized mesh network.

When a user wants to send a Bitcoin transaction without internet access, they specify the recipient’s address and the amount via a local graphical interface managed by bitcoinlib. The system then generates a signed Bitcoin transaction in hexadecimal format, which is split into smaller packets and transmitted via radio.

Mesh Network

Darkwire’s mesh network allows the data to “hop” from node to node until it reaches an internet-connected exit point. In ideal conditions, each Darkwire node has a range of up to 10 kilometers with a direct line of sight, reduced to 3-5 kilometers in densely populated areas.

“At least one node in the network needs to be connected to the internet, so that the transaction can be pushed to the blockchain for miners to verify it,” cyber said.

Once the transaction data reaches a node with internet access, it acts as an exit point, broadcasting the verified Bitcoin transaction to the global network, where it can be included in a block.

Limitations and future developments

Currently, Darkwire faces several technical limitations that the team is actively working to address. The relatively low bandwidth of LoRa radios and their sensitivity to terrain obstacles represent challenges. Moreover, the system’s dependence on internet-connected exit nodes could create potential points of failure.

According to reports, the project is still in its hackathon phase, but cyber has plans to further develop it, turning it into a full open-source platform and making it “the industry standard” for LoRa-based communications.

“I do hope people living in any kind of authoritarian regimes and states do get to use darkwire and put the truth out there,” the developer added.

The post Bitcoin without internet thanks to LoRa technology: the Darkwire project appeared first on Atlas21.

@ e9d7ed6f:f52b3346

I'd like to toss it off by thanking you my reader, friends, associates, strangers, bitcoiners, cryptonaires, economists, and critics from all walks of life for granting me this opportunity to write to you. yeah?...

Is that readable? Is there enough ink in this pen to write? Let me squash and develop a fresh script!

Okay now, that was one heck of a disaster introduction my friends.

That's not even the way Satoshi introduced his White paper back in 2008, or rather mined his first block. So dear reader, lets pretend this introduction never happened lets give it one more kick start.

Alright we are set so here we go...

Flavatos, Gateway Mall, the left ventricle of Lilongwe's heart, Malawi is where the aroma of a fresh bitcoin pizza sent waves of spattering energy, broadcasting to all nodes over the bitcoin network. Pizza crums spread over the table, folks and knives faced opposite directions, tomato sauce on the white plate had contours of pizza passage, a half baked joke & its laughter could be heard by passersby's heading inside the mall. It was chilly Saturday afternoon from outside but the soft drinks were a must to soften the well baked fragments of pizza which were being churned. All thanks to Larszlo Keyckenes. Phones where right on the table as the photographer snapped every detail of moment with his camera, trying to paint a bitcoin Monalisa, innocence was in the youthful energetic bitcoiners who filled left to right seats in pairs. Three tables were joined together making a table tennis appear short, but the waitress had to check for any empty slot to squeeze a chair in. We were twenty three with the expection of thirty but the space was just plentiful.

Flavatos was ready and set. The waitress again, with a smile of welcoming a guest whispered right besides where i was standing that the pizza is ready, but i had to HODL for a moment, we were just setting up the laptop which we would use to connect & listen to a presentation by John Miller, a distant relative and a bitcoiner we had talked of for weeks. As if am very good at analysing charts, the looks of the faces were eagerly waiting and i when i looked on my wrist i realised we didn't have much more time other than to start off, so i clapped my hands to capture everyones attention. I was excited to welcome all & really appreciate for sparing their time to come.

There was buzz in the atmosphere, all eyes glued to me as i thanked the cofounder Grant for pulling the strings, in our presence we had the cofounder of women of Satoshi Yankho who i was facing directly to my right hand side and threw me sparkle of acknowledgement, i couldn't forget & sweep under the mat, John Miller sponsor for the Bitcoin Pizza who is currently in the US & was waiting to deliver a speech on this very moment. All started off in the right order, my stomach tuned as my brain signaled the pizza image, sending tickling hunger sensation, so not to keep everyone waiting longer, i handed it over to Grant who quickly threw like free shot on the free throw line. There was genuine appreciation and he set the floor ready for John Miller to grace and unwrap the Pizza. When John took on the google meet space, we all fixed to our phones, eager to see John who was seven hours away from us, about two or three plane tickets to get where he was physically located. John delivered a twenty minute presentation that would make a fresh graduate take off his hat and really consider what they did the last four years of their university. There was a lot of knowledge on his presentation, highlighting the eminent nails to the coffin for US dollar, the chart and numbers didn't lie when he displayed how the purchasing power of the dollar has declined since 1971 post detachment from gold. He spoke with authority on why bitcoin, how Bitcoiners should continue orange pilling and detoxing all the pool of confusion of the current FIAT sytem. It was listening to wisdom of an old man, giving the torch to the young ones. The waitress had brought to the table clean white plates with some folks wrapped in a white napkin tissue that appeared so white as Satoshi's white paper. In no time the pizza was ready to bona petite, John wrapped up in a cousy style by saying, "keep stacking Sats and avoiding shitcoins. The attendees were in pairs and hands were rubbing, contemplating of how the first bite would feel. The enzymes were ready to digest. The next host, who happens to be the writer of this article had to take the floor and give short remarks to thank John, Grant and everyone. I saw the pizza being cut into slices, whilst others took sips of their favorite soft drinks, there were smiles from left to right check. The sound chewing was amplified, triggering my ear drums to some vibe. This was was a big family reunion. My signal for speaking almost went off as the aroma teased the mind, i saw the bubble from the fanta bottle float up but i was mature to handled the temper of my hunger. As the pizza halvening was going on, I reminded of how significant this moment was when Larszlo Heykens first made an offer of 10,000 BTC & how it signified use case of bitcoin as a medium of exchange and a resort of finality between two counterparts without any middleman. It surely was moment that reminded us of the free markets. Where two counterparts chose their own commodities of exchange and each left satisfied as finality of transactions. Truly those were the good old free market days. By the time i said goodbye, my counterparts had already mined half of the pizza brought. I was about to pop a question of where is my share when i saw three more full plates of pizza broadcasted & awaiting for verification. I knew i was in for a treat.

As i kept my hands, mouth and tummy busy, one surprising moment really fired me up with excitement. Grant stood up and surprised everyone by introducing his new friend from Kenya. He said they had met in Mulanje and how they came across each other was purely a barter coincidence of wants. Rather him explaining, he let our new Kenyan explorer share the fascinating story of how he wanted to send funds in Kenya but couldn't find means of transalating our local currency into the Kenyan shilling. So how could these two opposite worlds tie together? When he saw the post of bitcoin accepted here, it sparked the charge. Using Bitcoin, he was able to send funds in Kenya via bitcoin lightening wallet through Tando and Mpesa. As if we were in a cinema watching possibilities become realities, a demostration was showcased how inter transactions are done from a wallet of Satoshi lightening wallet to Tando whilst eating pizza in Malawi.

It was truly a fantastic orange day to pill and slice. See you in the next article as i continue to polish my writing skills.

Pacharo Nyirenda. Bitcoinboma An amature writer but soon to be pro writer & blogger!

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

JPMorgan Chase, the biggest bank in the U.S., is now allowing its clients to buy bitcoin — a big change of heart for an institution whose CEO, Jamie Dimon, has been a long-time critic of the scarce digital asset.

Dimon made the announcement on the bank’s investor day, which came as a shift in JPMorgan’s approach to digital assets. “We are going to allow you to buy it,” he said. “We’re not going to custody it. We’re going to put it in statements for clients.”

That means clients can buy BTC through JPMorgan but the bank won’t hold or store the digital asset. Instead it will provide access and include the BTC purchases in client statements.

According to multiple reports and posts, JPMorgan has been blocking transactions from digital asset exchanges, with several people complaining about their experience on social media.

Source

Source

There is even an official notice on the company’s UK website that explicitly says customers cannot use their funds to purchase digital assets.

JPMorgan Chase UK website — Source

It’s a big change because Dimon has been one of Bitcoin’s biggest critics. Over the years he’s called it “worthless”, a “fraud” and even compared it to a “pet rock”.

He’s repeatedly expressed concern over digital assets’ use in illegal activities such as money laundering, terrorism, sex trafficking and tax evasion. A role that his critics say the U.S. dollar is playing on a much larger scale.

Related: Jamie Dimon Would “Close Down” Bitcoin If He Had Government Role

“The only true use case for it is criminals, drug traffickers … money laundering, tax avoidance,” he told lawmakers during a Senate hearing in 2023. At the 2024 World Economic Forum in Davos, he doubled down, “Bitcoin does nothing. I call it the pet rock.”

Despite his personal views, Dimon says the bank is responding to client demand. “I don’t think you should smoke, but I defend your right to smoke,” he said. “I defend your right to buy bitcoin.”

It’s worth noting JPMorgan isn’t fully embracing digital assets. The bank won’t be offering direct custody services or launching its own exchange.

Instead, it’s offering access to digital asset exchanges. There are even reports that the bank also plans to facilitate access to bitcoin ETFs and possibly other investment vehicles. Until recently, JPMorgan had limited its bitcoin exposure to futures-based products.

Other big financial firms have already taken similar steps.

Morgan Stanley, for example, has been offering some clients access to bitcoin ETFs since August 2024. Its CEO, Ted Pick, said earlier this year that the firm is working closely with regulators to explore ways to get into the digital assets space.

Dimon does like blockchain, though — the technology that underpins it. JPMorgan has its own blockchain projects including JPM Coin and recently ran a test transaction on a public blockchain of tokenized U.S. Treasuries.

Many criticize this view, saying that the most powerful aspect of Bitcoin is its decentralization. So, a centralized blockchain is just useless. This might be the reason Dimon has grown weary of all JPMorgan’s blockchain initiatives, because they offered nothing of value.

He said he might have given blockchain too much credit during his investor day comments: “We have been talking about blockchain for 12 to 15 years,” he said. “We spend too much on it. It doesn’t matter as much as you all think.”

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

H100 Group AB, a Swedish publicly listed health technology company, has made the headlines after investing in bitcoin as part of a new financial strategy.

The move has caused a stir in Sweden and beyond, with H100’s stock price rising 40% after the announcement.

The company has bought 4.39 bitcoin for 5 million Norwegian Krone (around $475,000–$492,000).

This is the company’s first foray into the digital asset space and makes H100 Group the first publicly-listed health tech company in Sweden to hold bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset.

The bitcoin was bought at an average price of 1,138,737 NOK (around $108,000) per coin.

The bitcoin purchase is part of H100 Group’s new “Bitcoin Treasury Strategy” to diversify its financial assets and strengthen its balance sheet. Instead of holding idle cash, the company decided to invest in what it sees as a long-term asset.

“This addition to H100’s Bitcoin Treasury Strategy follows an increasing number of tech-oriented growth companies holding bitcoin on their balance sheet,” said CEO Sander Andersen.

“And I believe the values of individual sovereignty highly present in the Bitcoin community aligns well with, and will appeal to, the customers and communities we are building the H100 platform for.”

Andersen said they will “build and hold” bitcoin long-term, viewing it as a savings tool, not a short-term trade.

The market reacted fast. On May 22, the company’s stock went up 39.27%, seeing highs of 1.620 SEK on the Nordic Growth Market.

This helped the company to recover a big part of the losses from the last two months, during which the stock fell 46%.

And now, after the purchase, the firm’s market cap is around $150.46 million.

H100 has said this might not be the only purchase. The company has signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) to set up a convertible loan facility of up to 10 million SEK with an undisclosed investor.

H100 Group’s announcement — Source

The funds will be used for general corporate purposes and to potentially increase bitcoin holdings. The loan will have a 3-year term and can be converted into shares at 1.3 SEK per share.

If H100’s stock price is more than 33% above the conversion price for more than 60 days, H100 will have the right to force conversion.

The company also announced today that it has successfully raised 21 million SEK ($2.21 million) through a convertible round led by Blockstream founder and CEO Adam Back.

Despite the Bitcoin pivot, H100 Group has made it clear that the core business remains the same.

They will continue to develop AI-powered automation tools and digital platforms to help healthcare providers deliver better services, especially in the health and longevity space.

Andersen said they are committed to healthy living, and adopting a bitcoin strategy is a smarter financial move that aligns with their values.

H100’s move comes as corporate adoption of bitcoin accelerates globally.

According to BitcoinTreasuries over 109 public companies now list bitcoin on their balance sheets. Among those are companies like Twenty One Capital, Strive and Metaplanet.

@ 2b998b04:86727e47

I’ve spent years chasing the promise of freedom.\ In startups. In faith communities. In movements that claimed to be for the people.

And yet — so often, that promise felt just out of reach.\ Conditional. Corporate. Sanitized.\ A freedom with fine print.

But here —\ Here in the thick of Bitcoin 2025, on Nostr, among misfits and builders and signal-bringers —\ something is alive.

It’s not a platform.\ It’s not a marketing strategy.\ It’s not another app promising to “empower” you while locking down your data and selling you out.

It’s freedom rooted in architecture.\ Decentralization not just as a buzzword —\ but as an expression of conviction.

A kind of freedom you can feel in your body:

• When you zap someone’s words because they moved you — not because an algorithm told you to.

• When your identity is yours — keys, not credentials.

• When no one can delete your story because you control the server, or because there is no server — just the relay of your choosing.

This isn’t utopia.\ There are egos. There’s noise. There’s still posturing.\ But it’s different.\ The center of gravity has shifted.

We’re no longer begging institutions to notice us.\ We’re building outside their jurisdiction.

And for the first time in a long time,\ freedom feels close.\ Tangible.\ Joyful.\ Alive.

This isn’t just about tech.\ It’s about trust.\ It’s about choosing to show up —\ to build\ to write\ to signal\ to keep going.

Even when it’s hard.\ Even when no one claps.

Because real freedom doesn’t come from being noticed.\ It comes from being sovereign.

And that’s something no one can take from me again.

—

Written in Las Vegas, during Bitcoin 2025.\ Posted via Nostr. Vibes co-authored by ChatGPT (“Dr. C”).\ Zap: https://tinyurl.com/yuyu2b9t

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

The Bitcoin world begins what is considered to be its biggest event yet — Bitcoin 2025, a three-day conference taking place May 27-29 at The Venetian Resort in Las Vegas.

With over 30,000 attendees expected, the event will bring together the biggest names in politics, finance, technology and the global Bitcoin community.

Hosted by BTC Inc., Bitcoin 2025 is not just another tech conference — it’s a global gathering that mixes policy, innovation and community under one roof.

It’s where big ideas about the future of money are debated, shared and shaped.

Influential speakers will attend the conference

The conference features a wide range of speakers from Bitcoin experts and educators to political leaders and athletes.

Big names like U.S. Vice President JD Vance, Trump’s Crypto Czar David Sacks, and Senator Cynthia Lummis are among the most anticipated guests.

Vice President Vance is expected to talk about the role of Bitcoin in the national economy. “The resilience of Bitcoin as a financial instrument is a testament to the power of decentralized finance,” he recently said.

Also speaking are Nigel Farage, a well-known voice in European politics and Donald Trump Jr., a supporter of financial freedom through digital currency.

Also, Michael Saylor, Executive Chairman of Strategy will be back on stage to talk about bitcoin as a corporate asset.

There are over 70 speakers on the list including Adam Back (CEO of Blockstream), Jan van Eck (CEO of VanEck) and Bryan Johnson, a futurist known for his work in human longevity and health tech.

Bitcoin 2025 will feature special new programs including Code + Country, a one-day segment on May 27 that explores how freedom, technology and innovation shape modern society.

Speakers like Chris LaCivita (Trump’s 2024 campaign co-CEO) and David Sacks (AI and digital assets advisor) will be talking about how digital tools are changing politics and finance.

Also new this year, is The Art of Freedom, an exhibit that showcases how Bitcoin is impacting the art world.

This museum-style experience allows artists to price and sell their work using bitcoin, connect directly with fans and avoid traditional middlemen.

The first official Bitcoin Conference was in 2019 in San Francisco, after grassroots meetups in 2013 and 2014. Since then, it’s been the biggest annual event in the Bitcoin world.

This year is especially important.

Global economic changes are happening and analysts say the discussions at Bitcoin 2025 will shape the next wave of regulatory reforms and technological standards for Bitcoin and stablecoins.

Bitcoin (BTC) has recently been hovering at around $110,000 with a market cap of $2.12 trillion. Many think the ideas and announcements at the event will impact price and policy.

Bitcoin 2025 is for everyone — long-time Bitcoiners to newcomers to digital assets, with keynotes, panels, massive expo halls and VIP networking.

It’s fun too. There are numerous parties, meetups and side events to connect, making it a place to learn, meet others who share the same interests and help shape the financial world.

The scale and diversity of Bitcoin 2025 make it more than just a Bitcoin event.

It’s a reflection of how far Bitcoin has come — from internet forums to boardrooms and government halls. It’s not just about Bitcoin anymore, it’s about the future of the world.

@ a396e36e:ec991f1c

👤 Generation X and Bitcoin: Between Invisibility, Structural Disillusionment, and Defiance

Generation X, born between 1965 and 1980, has been largely sidelined in generational discourse. Unlike the baby boomers —symbols of stability and prosperity— or millennials and Gen Z —constant fixtures in the media and cultural spotlight— Gen X remains the least mentioned, the least studied, and often not even recognized by its own members as a distinct generation.

Today, they are in midlife —a period that, according to the U-shaped curve of happiness, is one of the most emotionally and psychologically difficult stages: deteriorating health, professional stagnation, and the dual burden of caring for both parents and children. But their condition is not just a matter of age —it’s the product of a unique convergence of economic and political failure.

Structurally, Generation X reached its crucial phase of financial consolidation during the global economic crisis of 2008 —a moment that froze wage growth and severely limited access to housing, investment opportunities, and savings. In parallel, they faced increasing labor precarization: unstable contracts, outsourcing, erosion of social protections, and the dismantling of job security. Compared to other generations, their economic mobility was minimal. Even in terms of wealth accumulation and home ownership, many Gen Xers show weaker indicators than early-born millennials at the same life stage.

At the same time, many countries —especially in Latin America and parts of Europe— turned toward alternative models to free-market systems: socialist proposals that promised redistribution, justice, and equality. But in practice, these models led to state dependency, excessive intervention, economic rigidity, and a loss of productive dynamism. The outcome was devastating: rising poverty, institutional decay, inflation, plummeting investment, growing corruption, and a widespread collapse of trust.

For a generation raised on values of effort, autonomy, and social mobility, this ideological shift brought a double betrayal —first from liberalism, which failed to deliver on its promises, and then from socialism, which entrenched poverty, dependency, and dysfunction.

And yet, while younger generations increasingly embrace state-centric proposals like universal basic income, subsidies, or nationalizations as progressive solutions, many in Gen X see these not as innovation, but as déjà vu —a recycling of failed models they’ve already lived and paid for.

It’s at this point that Bitcoin emerges as more than just a financial technology. For many Gen Xers, Bitcoin is both a symbolic and concrete response — a refuge from a system that betrayed them. It’s not just about investment. It’s about individual sovereignty. They call it “fuck you money” because it represents a total break from traditional structures: it doesn’t depend on banks, governments, political parties, or promises that never materialize.

Bitcoin is money without permission, without censorship, without planned devaluation. It’s a tool for radical autonomy. For a generation marked by skepticism, self-reliance, and disillusionment, it stands as a quiet but powerful form of resistance — a way of saying: “I don’t depend on you. I don’t believe you. I don’t need you.”

Today, while others debate new statist models or more market reforms, many Gen Xers are simply opting out. Bitcoin isn’t just an economic choice — it’s a stance. A way to reclaim the individual control the system once denied them.

@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b

Originalni prevod na ecd.rs

Bitcoin: Peer-to-peer sistem elektronskog novca

Satoshi Nakamoto

satoshin@gmx.com

bitcoin.org

Prevedeno na srpski sa bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf od strane ECD

Sažetak. Potpuna peer-to-peer verzija elektronskog novca omogućila bi slanje uplata putem interneta direktno od jedne strane ka drugoj bez posredovanja finansijskih institucija. Digitalni potpisi pružaju deo rešenja, ali se glavni benefiti gube ako je i dalje potrebna pouzdana treća strana za sprečavanje dvostruke potrošnje. Predlažemo rešenje problema dvostruke potrošnje korišćenjem peer-to-peer mreže. Mreža vremenski označava transakcije tako što ih hešuje u tekući lanac dokaza o radu (proof of work) temeljen na hešu, formirajući zapis koji se ne može promeniti bez ponovnog rada i objavljivanja dokaza o tom radu. Najduži lanac ne služi samo kao dokaz niza događaja, nego i kao dokaz da je taj niz događaja potvrđen od strane dela peer-to-peer mreže koja poseduju najveću zbirnu procesorsku snagu (CPU). Sve dok većinu procesorske snage kontrolišu čvorovi (nodes) koji ne sarađuju u napadu na mrežu, oni će generisati najduži lanac i nadmašiti napadače. Sama mreža zahteva minimalnu strukturu. Poruke kroz mrežu se prenose uz pretpostavku da svaki čvor čini maksimalan napor da poruku prenese u svom izvornom obliku i na optimalan način, a čvorovi mogu napustiti mrežu i ponovo joj se pridružiti po želji, prihvatajući najduži lanac dokaza o radu kao dokaz onoga što se dogodilo dok ih nije bilo.

1. Uvod

Trgovina na Internetu počela je da se oslanja skoro isključivo na finansijske institucije koje služe kao pouzdani posrednici pri obradi elektronskih plaćanja. Iako sistem radi dovoljno dobro za većinu transakcija i dalje trpi od inherentnih slabosti modela utemeljenog na poverenju.

Potpuno nepovratne transakcije zapravo nisu moguće, jer finansijske institucije ne mogu izbeći posredovanje u rešavanju eventualnih sporova. Troškovi posredovanja povećavaju troškove transakcija, ograničavaju minimalnu praktičnu veličinu transakcija i onemogućuju male, povremene transakcije jer postoji velika šteta zbog gubitka mogućnosti da se izvrše nepovratna plaćanja za nepovratne usluge. Uz mogućnost povraćaja transakcije, potreba za poverenjem raste. Trgovci moraju biti oprezni prema svojim kupcima i tražiti im više informacija nego što bi inače bilo neophodno. Određeni procenat prevara prihvaćen je kao neizbežan. Ovi troškovi i nepouzdanost plaćanja mogu se izbeći korišćenjem gotovine, ali ne postoji mehanizam za elektronsko plaćanje bez pouzdane treće strane.

Ono što je potrebno je elektronski sistem plaćanja zasnovan na kriptografskom dokazu umesto na poverenju, koji omogućava da bilo koje dve strane direktno i dobrovoljno međusobno trguju bez potrebe za posrednikom. Transakcije koje su nepovratne bi zaštitile prodavce od prevara, a escrow mehanizmi mogli bi se lako implementirati radi zaštite kupaca. U ovom dokumentu predlažemo rešenje problema dvostruke potrošnje korišćenjem peer-to-peer distribuiranog servera vremenskih oznaka (timestamp) za generisanje računarskog dokaza o hronološkom redosledu transakcija. Sistem je siguran sve dok pošteni čvorovi zajedno kontrolišu više procesorske snage procesora nego bilo koja udružena grupa napadačkih čvorova.

2. Transakcije

Elektronski novčić definišemo kao lanac digitalnih potpisa. Svaki vlasnik prenosi novčić na sledećeg digitalnim potpisivanjem heša prethodne transakcije i javnog ključa sledećeg vlasnika, dodajući ih potom na kraj novčića. Primalac transakcije može da verifikuje potpise, a time i lanac vlasništva.

Problem je naravno u tome što primalac ne može potvrditi da jedan od prethodnih vlasnika nije dva puta poslao isti novčić. Uobičajeno rešenje je uvođenje pouzdanog centralizovanog posrednika, kreatora novčića koji proverava sve transakcije. Nakon svake transakcije, novčić se mora vratiti kreatoru kako bi se izdao novi novčić i veruje se da samo za novčiće izdate direktno od kreatora možemo biti sigurni da nisu dva puta potrošeni. Problem sa ovim rešenjem je što sudbina čitavog novčanog sistema zavisi od kompanije koja kreira novčiće, jer svaka transakcija mora da prođe kroz nju, baš kao što je slučaj sa bankom.

Treba nam način da primalac bude siguran da prethodni vlasnici nisu potpisali nikakve ranije transakcije kojim bi potrošili taj novčić. Za naše potrebe, računamo transakciju koja se prva desila i ne zanimaju nas naredni pokušaji da se isti novčić ponovo pošalje. Jedini način da sa sigurnošću potvrdimo da taj novčić nije prethodno bio poslat je da imamo informacije o svim transakcijama koje su se ikada desile. U modelu baziranom na centalizovan kreatoru, taj kreator je imao informacije o svim transakcijama i odlučivao koja transakcija je prva stigla. Da bismo to postigli bez pouzdanog posrednika, transakcije moraju biti javno objavljene [1] i potreban nam je sistem u kojem učesnici mogu da se dogovore o jedinstvenoj istoriji redosleda kojim su transakcije primljene. Primaocu je potreban dokaz da se u trenutku dešavanja svake od transakcija većina čvorova složila oko toga da je baš ta transakcija bila ona koja je prva primljena.

3. Server vremenskih oznaka

Rešenje koje predlažemo počinje serverom vremenskih oznaka. Server vremenske oznake radi tako što uzima heš bloka podataka kojem će se dodeliti vremenska oznaka i objavi taj heš svima u mreži, slično kao u novinama ili kao post na Usenet mreži [2-5]. Vremenska oznaka očigledno dokazuje da su podaci morali postojati u to vreme kako bi ušli u haš. Svaka vremenska oznaka sadrži prethodnu vremensku oznaku u svom hešu, formirajući tako lanac, pri čemu svaka dodatna vremenska oznaka pojačava potvrde onih pre nje.

4. Dokaz o radu (Proof-of-Work)

Da bismo implementirali distribuirani server vremenskih oznaka na peer-to-peer principu, moraćemo da koristimo sistem dokaza o radu sličan Hashcash-u Adama Back-a [6], umesto Uneset postova ili novinskih objava. Dokaz o radu uključuje traženje vrednosti koja će, kada se hešuje, na primer pomoću SHA-256 heš funkcije, stvarati heš čiji binarni zapis započinje određenim brojem nula. Prosečna količina potrebnog rada eksponencijalno raste sa brojem potrebnih početnih nula, a može se proveriti izvršavanjem samo jedne heš fuknkcije.

Za našu mrežu vremenskih oznaka implementiramo dokaz o radu povećavajući nonce broja u bloku sve dok se ne pronađe ona vrednost nonce-a koja daje hešu bloka potreban broj početnih nula. Jednom kada se procesorska snaga utroši kako bi se zadovoljio dokaz o radu, blok se ne može izmeniti bez ponovljenog rada. Kako se kasniji blokovi vežu na taj blok, rad potreban da se on izmeni uključivao bi i ponovno obrađivanje svih blokova nakon njega.

Dokaz o radu takođe rešava problem utvrđivanja većine pri odlučivanju. Ako bi se ​​većina zasnivala na principu jednog glasa po IP adresi, mogao bi je narušiti svako ko je u stanju da glasa sa više IP adresa odjednom. Dokaz o radu u osnovi predstavlja jedan glas po jedinici procesorske snage. Većinska odluka je predstavljena najdužim lancem u čije je stvaranje zapravo investirano najviše rada prilikom dokazivanja. Ako većinu procesorske snage kontrolišu pošteni čvorovi, pošten lanac će rasti najbrže i nadmašiće sve konkurentske lance. Da bi izmenio neki od prethodnih blokova, napadač bi morao da ponovi dokaz o radu za taj blok i sve blokove nakon njega, a zatim da sustigne i nadmaši količinu rada poštenih čvorova. Kasnije ćemo pokazati da se dodavanjem novih blokova eksponencijalno smanjuje verovatnoća da će sporiji napadač uspeti da sustigne pošteni lanac.

Da bi se kompenzovalo povećanje brzine hardvera i promenljivo interesovanje ljudi za vođenje čvorova tokom vremena, težina obavljanja dokaza o radu (proof-of-work difficulty) određuje se prema prosečnom broju blokova krairanih za sat vremena. Ako se blokovi stvaraju prebrzo, težina se povećava.

5. Mreža

Koraci za vođenje mreže su sledeći:

1) Nove transakcije se prosleđuju svim čvorovima u mreži. 2) Svaki čvor prikuplja nove transakcije u blok. 3) Svaki čvor radi na pronalaženju dokaza o radu dovoljnog nivoa težine za svoj blok. 4) Kada čvor pronađe dokaz o radu, on emituje taj blok ka svim čvorovima. 5) Čvorovi prihvataju blok samo ako su sve transakcije u njemu ispravne i nisu već potrošene. 6) Čvorovi izražavaju prihvatanje bloka radeći na stvaranju sledećeg bloka u lancu, koristeći heš prihvaćenog bloka kao prethodni heš.

Čvorovi uvek smatraju da je najduži lanac ispravan i nastaviće da rade na njegovom produžavanju. Ako dva čvora istovremeno emituju različite verzije sledećeg bloka, neki čvorovi prvo mogu primiti jedan ili drugi blok. U tom slučaju svaki čvor radi na prvom koji je dobio, ali čuvaju drugu kariku lanca u slučaju da ona postane duža. Dilema će biti rešena kada se pronađe sledeći dokaz o radu i jedna karika postane duža; čvorovi koji su radili na drugoj karici lanca će se prebaciti na dužu kariku.

Emitovanje novih transakcija ne mora nužno doći do svih čvorova. Sve dok stižu do velikog broja čvorova, te transakcije će ući u blok. Slično važi i za blokove, ni oni ne moraju doći odmah do svih čvorova. Ako neki čvor propusti da primi informaciju o bloku, kada mu stigne sledeći blok,primetiće da je propustio jedan, pa će ga tražiti naknadno.

6. Podsticaj

Po pravilu, prva transakcija u bloku je posebna transakcija koja kreira novi novčić u vlasništvu kreatora bloka. Ovo daje podsticaj čvorovima da podrže mrežu i pruža način za početnu ubacivanje novčića u opticaj, budući da ne postoji centralno telo koje ih izdaje. Stalno dodavanje konstantne količine novih novčića liči na rudarenje zlata, gde rudari ulažu resurse kako bi izrudarili nove količine zlata i ubacili ih u opticaj. U našem slučaju ulaže se procesorsko vreme i električna energija.

Podsticaj se takođe može finansirati i transakcionim naknadama. Ako je iznos izlaznog dela transakcije manji od ulaznog, razliku čini naknada za transakciju koja se dodaje iznosu nagrade za kreatora bloka koji sadrži tu transakciju. Nakon što predefinisani broj novčića uđe u opticaj, podsticaj mogu u potpunosti činiti transakcione naknade, čime se sistem oslobađa inflacije.

Čvorovi su na ovaj način podstaknuti da ostanu pošteni. Ako je pohlepni napadač u stanju da angažuje više procesorske snage od svih poštenih čvorova zajedno, morao bi da bira između toga da poništi svoje izvršene transakcije i time prevari ljude ili da procesorsku snagu koristi za stvaranje novih novčića. On bi trebalo bi uvidi da je isplativije igrati po pravilima koja ga nagrađuju sa više novih novčića od svi drugi zajedno, nego da potkopava sistem i vrednost sopstvenog bogatstva.

7. Oslobađanje prostora na hard disku

Kada je dovoljno blokova dodato nakon poslednje transakcije novčića, prethodne transakcije tog novčića se mogu odbaciti kako bi se uštedeo prostor na hard disku. Kako bi se to ostvarilo bez razbijanja heša bloka, transakcije su hešovane u Merkleovo stablo (Merkle Tree) [7] [2] [5], gde je samo koren uključen u heš bloka. Stari blokovi se tada mogu sabiti uklanjanjem nepotrebnih grana drveta. Unutrašnji heševi ne moraju biti skladišteni.

Zaglavlje bloka bez transakcija bilo bi oko 80 bajtova. Ako pretpostavimo da su blokovi generisani svakih 10 minuta, 80 bajtova * 6 * 24 * 365 = 4,2 MB godišnje. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da se u 2008. godini računari uglavnom prodaju sa oko 2 GB RAM-a i Murov zakon koji predviđa trenutni rast od 1,2 GB godišnje, skladištenje ne bi trebalo da predstavlja problem čak i ako se zaglavlja bloka moraju čuvati u memoriji.

8. Pojednostavljena verifikacija plaćanja

Moguće je verifikovati plaćanja bez vođenja čitavog mrežnog čvora. Korisnik samo treba da sačuva kopiju zaglavlja blokova najdužeg lanca dokaza o radu, do koje može doći upitom ka mrežnim čvorovima dok se ne uveri da je dobio najduži lanac i dobije Merkleova granu

koja povezuje transakciju sa blokom u koji je uneta vremenska oznaka za tu transakciju. Ne može samostalno proveriti transakciju, ali povezujući je sa mestom u lancu može videti da je prihvaćena od strane čvora mreže i da su na njen blok dodati naknadni blokovi što dalje potvrđuje da ju je mreža prihvatila.

Kao takva, verifikacija je pouzdana sve dok pošteni čvorovi kontrolišu mrežu, ali je ranjiva ako napadač nadjača ostatak mreže. Čvorovi mreže mogu sami proveriti transakcije, ali napadačeve lažne transakcije mogu zavarati one koji koriste pojednostavljenu metodu verifikacije transakcija sve dok je on u stanju da nadjačava ostatak mreže. Jedna od strategija zaštite bila bi prihvatanje upozorenja čvorova mreže kada otkriju nevažeći blok, pri čemu bi korisnikov softver morao da preuzme ceo blok i sporne transakcije kako bi potvrdio nepravilnost. Biznisi koji primaju česte uplate će verovatno želeti da pokrenu i vode sopstvene čvorove radi brže verifikacije i potrebe da im sigurnost ne zavisi od drugih.

9. Kombinovanje i deljenje vrednosti

Iako bi bilo moguće pojedinačno rukovati novčićima, bilo bi nezgrapno kreirati zasebnu transakciju za svaki cent u toj transferu. Da biste dozvolili podelu i kombinovanje vrednosti, transakcije sadrže više ulaza i izlaza. Obično će postojati ili jedan ulaz iz veće prethodne transakcije ili više unosa koji kombinuju manje iznose, a najviše dva izlaza: jedan za samo plaćanje, a jedan koji vraća kusur, ako ga ima, nazad pošiljaocu.

Treba napomenuti da situacija u kojoj transakcija zavisi od nekoliko drugih transakcija, a te transakcije zavise od još mnogo više, ovde nije problem. Nikada ne postoji potreba za izdvajanjem istorije pojedinačne transakcije.

10. Privatnost

Tradicionalni bankarski model postiže odgovarajući nivo privatnosti ograničavanjem pristupa informacijama na strane uključene u transakciju i posrednika. Neophodnost javnog objavljivanja svih transakcija isključuje mogućnost primene pomenutog modela, ali privatnost se i dalje može zadržati na drugi način: čuvanjem javnih ključeva (public keys) anonimnim. Javnost može videti da neko šalje iznos nekom drugom, ali bez informacija koje povezuju transakciju sa bilo kim. Ovo je slično količini informacija koje objavljuju berze, gde se vreme i veličina pojedinačnih trgovina čine javnim, ali bez navođenja ko su stranke uključene u tu trgovinu.

Kao dodatni zaštitni zid, preporučljivo je koristiti novi par ključeva za svaku transakciju, kako ne bi bili povezane sa zajedničkim vlasnikom. Neka povezivanja su i dalje neizbežna kod transakcija sa više ulaza, koje nužno otkrivaju da su njihovi ulazi bili u vlasništvu istog vlasnika. Rizik je taj da bi se otkrivanjem vlasnik ključa mogle otkriti i ostale transakcije koje su pripadale tom vlasniku.

11. Proračuni

Razmatramo scenario u kome napadač pokušava da generiše alternativni lanac brže od poštenog lanca. Čak i ako se to postigne, to ne omogućuje proizvoljne promene u sistemu, poput stvaranje vrednosti ni iz čega ili uzimanje novca koji nikada nije pripadao napadaču. Pošteni čvorovi neće prihvatiti nevažeće transakcije kao uplatu i nikada neće prihvatiti blok koji ih sadrži. Napadač može samo pokušati da promeni jednu od svojih transakcija kako bi vratio novac koji je nedavno potrošio.

Trka između poštenog lanca i lanca napadača može se predstaviti kao binomska distribucija slučajne diskretne varijable (Binomial Random Walk). Uspešni ishod je da se pošten lanac produži za jedan blok, povećavajući svoje vođstvo za +1, a neuspešni ishod je da se napadačev lanac produži za jedan blok, smanjujući zaostatak za -1.

Verovatnoću da napadač nadoknadi određeni deficit možemo izraziti kroz problem kockareve propasti (Gambler’s Ruin Problem). Pretpostavimo da kockar sa neograničenim iznosom novca počinje sa zaostatkom i igra potencijalno beskonačan broj ponovljenih igara u pokušaju da nadoknadi zaostatak. Možemo izračunati verovatnoću za nadoknađivanje zaostatka ili da će napadač stići pošten lanac, na sledeći način [8]:

p= verovatnoća da pošten čvor pronađe sledeći blok q= verovatnoća da napadač pronađe sledeći blok qz= verovatnoća da će napadač ikada dostići z blokova zaostatka

S obzirom na našu pretpostavku da je p > q, verovatnoća pada eksponencijalno kako se povećava broj blokova koje napadač mora da nadoknadi. Sa šansama protiv njega, ako mu se u početku ne posreći, njegove šanse postaju manje i manje sa povećanjem zaostatka.

Sada razmatramo koliko primalac nove transakcije treba da čeka pre nego što postane

dovoljno siguran da pošiljalac ne može promeniti transakciju. Pretpostavljamo da je pošiljalac napadač koji želi da natera primaoca da veruje da mu je platio, a zatim nakon nekog vremena tu transakciju preusmeri ka sebi. Primalac će primetiti kada se to dogodi, ali pošiljalac se nada da će tad već biti prekasno.

Primalac generiše novi par ključeva i daje javni ključ pošiljaocu neposredno pre potpisivanja transakcije. Ovo sprečava pošiljaoca da unapred pripremi lanac blokova radeći na njemu neprekidno dok mu se ne posreći da stekne dovoljnu prednost i u tom trenutku izvrši transakciju. Kada se transakcija pošalje, nepošteni pošiljalac počinje tajno da radi na paralelnom lancu koji sadrži alternativnu verziju njegove transakcije.

Primalac čeka dok transakcija ne bude dodata u blok, i dok z blokova nije dodato nakon tog bloka. On ne zna tačno koliko je napadač napredovao, ali pod pretpostavkom da su pošteni blokovi kreirani očekivanom dinamikom, potencijalni napredak napadača će biti prikazan kao Poasonova distribucija sa očekivanom vrednošću:

Kako bismo izračunali verovatnoću da napadač ipak može da nadoknadi zaostatak, množimo gustinu verovatnoće za svaki nivo napretka koji je mogao da ostvari sa verovatnoćom da od tog trenutka može da potpuno nadoknadi zaostatak:

Preuređujemo formulu kako bismo izbegli sabiranje beskonačnog broja sabiraka zbog repa distribucije:

I konvertujemo u programski kod u programskom jeziku C…

Kroz par primera, vidimo da verovatnoća opada eksponencijalno sa porastom z.

Rešavanje za P < 0.1%…

12. Zaključak

Predložili smo sistem za elektronske transakcije bez oslanjanja na poverenje. Počeli smo sa uobičajenim šablonom i novčićima nastalim iz digitalnih potpisa, koji pruža snažnu kontrolu nad vlasništvom, ali je nepotpun bez načina da se spreči dvostruka potrošnja. Kako bismo ovo rešili, predložili smo peer-to-peer mrežu koja koristi dokaz o radu za čuvanje javne istorije transakcija čija izmena napadačima brzo postaje računski nepraktična ako pošteni čvorovi kontrolišu većinu procesorske snage. Mreža je robusna u svojoj nestrukturiranoj jednostavnosti. Svi čvorovi rade istovremeno uz malo koordinacije. Ne treba ih identifikovati, jer se poruke ne usmeravaju na jedno određeno mesto nego samo trebaju biti prenete uz maksimalan napor od strane čvorova da se taj prenos odradi na predviđen način. Čvorovi mogu da napuste i ponovo se pridruže mreži po želji, prihvatajući lanac dokaza o radu kao dokaz onoga što se dogodilo dok ih nije bilo. Oni glasaju svojom procesorskom snagom, izražavajući svoje prihvatanje validnih blokova time što pokušavaju da ih nadgrade novim blokovima i odbacuju nevažeće blokove odbijanjem ih nadgrađuju. Sva potrebna pravila i podsticaji mogu se nametnuti ovim mehanizmom postizanja konsenzusa.

Reference:

[1] W. Dai, „b-money,“ weidai.com/bmoney.txt, 1998.

[2] H. Massias, X.S. Avila, and J.-J. Quisquater, „Design of a secure timestamping service with minimal trust requirements,“ In 20th Symposium on Information Theory in the Benelux, May 1999.

[3] S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, „How to time-stamp a digital document,“ In Journal of Cryptology, vol 3, no 2, pages 99-111, 1991.

[4] D. Bayer, S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, „Improving the efficiency and reliability of digital time-stamping,“ In Sequences II: Methods in Communication, Security and Computer Science, pages 329-334, 1993.

[5] S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, „Secure names for bit-strings,“ In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pages 28-35, April 1997.

[6] A. Back, „Hashcash – a denial of service counter-measure,“ hashcash.org/papers/hashcash.pdf, 2002.

[7] R.C. Merkle, „Protocols for public key cryptosystems,“ In Proc. 1980 Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society, pages 122-133, April 1980.

[8] W. Feller, „An introduction to probability theory and its applications,“ 1957.

@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b

Originalni tekst na dvadesetjedan.com

Autor: Vijay Boyapati / Prevod na hrvatski: Matija

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Sa zadnjim cijenama koje je bitcoin dosegao 2017., optimističan scenarij za ulagače se možda čini toliko očitim da ga nije potrebno niti spominjati. Alternativno, možda se nekome čini glupo ulagati u digitalnu vrijednost koja ne počiva na nijednom fizičkom dobru ili vladi i čiji porast cijene su neki usporedili sa manijom tulipana ili dot-com balonom. Nijedno nije točno; optimističan scenarij za Bitcoin je uvjerljiv, ali ne i očit. Postoje značajni rizici kod ulaganja u Bitcoin, no, kao što planiram pokazati, postoji i ogromna prilika.

Geneza

Nikad u povijesti svijeta nije bilo moguće napraviti transfer vrijednosti među fizički udaljenim ljudima bez posrednika, poput banke ili vlade. 2008. godine, anonimni Satoshi Nakamoto je objavio 8 stranica rješenja na dugo nerješivi računalski problem poznat kao “Problem Bizantskog Generala.” Njegovo rješenje i sustav koji je izgradio - Bitcoin - dozvolio je, prvi put ikad, da se vrijednost prenosi brzo i daleko, bez ikakvih posrednika ili povjerenja. Implikacije kreacije Bitcoina su toliko duboke, ekonomski i računalski, da bi Nakamoto trebao biti prva osoba nominirana za Nobelovu nagradu za ekonomiju i Turingovu nagradu.

Za ulagače, važna činjenica izuma Bitcoina (mreže i protokola) je stvaranje novog oskudnog digitalnog dobra - bitcoina (monetarne jedinice). Bitcoini su prenosivi digitalni “novčići” (tokeni), proizvedeni na Bitcoin mreži kroz proces nazvan “rudarenje” (mining). Rudarenje Bitcoina je ugrubo usporedivo sa rudarenjem zlata, uz bitnu razliku da proizvodnja bitcoina prati unaprijed osmišljeni i predvidivi raspored. Samo 21 milijun bitcoina će ikad postojati, i većina (2017., kada je ovaj tekst napisan) su već izrudareni. Svake četiri godine, količina rudarenih bitcoina se prepolovi. Produkcija novih bitcoina će potpuno prestati 2140. godine.

Stopa inflacije —— Monetarna baza

Bitcoine ne podržava nikakva roba ili dobra, niti ih garantira ikakva vlada ili firma, što postavlja očito pitanje za svakog novog bitcoin ulagača: zašto imaju uopće ikakvu vrijednost? Za razliku od dionica, obveznica, nekretnina ili robe poput nafte i žita, bitcoine nije moguće vrednovati koristeći standardne ekonomske analize ili korisnost u proizvodnji drugih dobara. Bitcoini pripadaju sasvim drugoj kategoriji dobara - monetarnih dobara, čija se vrijednost definira kroz tzv. teoriju igara; svaki sudionik na tržištu vrednuje neko dobro, onoliko koliko procjenjuje da će ga drugi sudionici vrednovati. Kako bismo bolje razumjeli ovo svojstvo monetarnih dobara, trebamo istražiti podrijetlo novca.

Podrijetlo novca

U prvim ljudskim društvima, trgovina među grupama se vršila kroz robnu razmjenu. Velika neefikasnost prisutna u robnoj razmjeni je drastično ograničavala količinu i geografski prostor na kojem je bila moguća. Jedan od najvećih problema sa robnom razmjenom je problem dvostruke podudarnosti potražnje. Uzgajivač jabuka možda želi trgovati sa ribarom, ali ako ribar ne želi jabuke u istom trenutku, razmjena se neće dogoditi. Kroz vrijeme, ljudi su razvili želju za čuvanjem određenih predmeta zbog njihove rijetkosti i simbolične vrijednosti (npr. školjke, životinjski zube, kremen). Zaista, kako i Nick Szabo govori u svojem izvrsnom eseju o podrijetlu novca, ljudska želja za sakupljanjem predmeta pružila je izraženu evolucijsku prednost ranom čovjeku nad njegovim najbližim biološkim rivalom, neandertalcem - Homo neanderthalensis.

"Primarna i najbitnija evolucijska funkcija sakupljanja bila je osigurati medij za čuvanje i prenošenje vrijednosti".

Predmeti koje su ljudi sakupljali služili su kao svojevrsni “proto-novac,” tako što su omogućavale trgovinu među antagonističkim plemenima i dozvoljavale bogatsvu da se prenosi na sljedeću generaciju. Trgovina i transfer takvih predmeta bile su rijetke u paleolitskim društvima, te su oni služili više kao “spremište vrijednosti” (store of value) nego kao “medij razmjene” (medium of exchange), što je uloga koju danas igra moderni novac. Szabo objašnjava:

"U usporedbi sa modernim novcem, primitivan novac je imao jako malo “brzinu” - mogao je promijeniti ruke samo nekoliko puta u životu prosječnog čovjeka. Svejedno, trajni i čvrsti sakupljački predmet, što bismo danas nazvali “nasljeđe,” mogao je opstati mnogo generacija, dodajući znatnu vrijednost pri svakom transferu - i zapravo omogućiti transfer uopće".

Rani čovjek suočio se sa bitnom dilemom u teoriji igara, kada je odlučivao koje predmete sakupljati: koje od njih će drugi ljudi željeti? Onaj koji bi to točno predvidio imao bi ogromnu prednost u mogućnosti trgovine i akvizicije bogatsva. Neka američka indijanska plemena, npr. Naraganseti, specijalizirala su se u proizvodnji sakupljačkih dobara koja nisu imala drugu svrhu osim trgovine. Valja spomenuti da što je ranije predviđanje da će neko dobro imati takvu vrijednost, veća je prednost koju će imati onaj koji je posjeduje, zato što ju je moguće nabaviti jeftinije, prije nego postane vrlo tražena roba i njezona vrijednost naraste zajedno sa populacijom. Nadalje, nabava nekog dobra u nadi da će u budućnosti biti korišteno kao spremište vrijednosti, ubrzava upravo tu primjenu. Ova cirkularnost je zapravo povratna veza (feedback loop) koja potiče društva da se rapidno slože oko jednog spremišta vrijednosti. U terminima teorije igara, ovo je znano kao “Nashov ekvilibrij.” Postizanje Nashovog ekvilibrija za neko spremište vrijednosti je veliko postignuće za društvo, pošto ono znatno olakšava trgovinu i podjelu rada, i time omogućava napredak civilizacije.

Tisućljećima, kako su ljudska društva rasla i otvarala trgovinske puteve, različite aplikacije spremišta vrijednosti u individualnim društvima počele su se natjecati međusobno. Trgovci su imali izbor: čuvati svoju zaradu u spremištu vrijednosti vlastite kulture, ili one kulture sa kojom su trgovali, ili mješavini oboje. Benefit štednje u stranom spremištu vrijednosti bila je uvećana sposobnost trgovanja u povezanom stranom društvu. Trgovci koji su štedili u stranom spremištu vrijednosti su također imali dobrih razloga da potiču svoje društvo da ga prihvati, jer bi tako uvećali vrijednost vlastite ušteđevine. Prednosti “uvezene” tehnologije spremanja vrijednosti bile su prisutne ne samo za trgovce, nego i za sama društva. Kada bi se dvije grupe konvergirale u jedinstvenom spremištu vrijednosti, to bi značajno smanjilo cijenu troškova trgovine jednog s drugim, i samim time povećanje bogatstva kroz trgovinu. I zaista, 19. stoljeće bilo je prvi put da je najveći dio svijeta prihvatio jedinstveno spremište vrijednosti - zlato - i u tom periodu vidio najveću eksploziju trgovine u povijesti svijeta. O ovom mirnom periodu, pisao je John Maynard Keynes:

"Kakva nevjerojatna epizoda u ekonomskom napretku čovjeka… za svakog čovjeka iole iznadprosječnog, iz srednje ili više klase, život je nudio obilje, ugodu i mogućnosti, po niskoj cijeni i bez puno problema, više nego monarsima iz prethodnih perioda. Stanovnik Londona mogao je, ispijajući jutarnji čaj iz kreveta, telefonski naručiti razne proizvode iz cijele Zemlje, u količinama koje je želio, i sa dobrim razlogom očekivati njihovu dostavu na svoj kućni prag."

Svojstva dobrog spremišta vrijednosti

Kada se spremišta vrijednosti natječu jedno s drugim, specifična svojstva rade razliku koja daje jednom prednost nad drugim. Premda su mnoga dobra u prošlosti korištena kao spremišta vrijednosti ili kao “proto-novac,” određena svojstva su se pokazala kao posebno važna, i omogućila dobrima sa njima da pobijede. Idealno spremište vrijednosti biti će:

• Trajno: dobro ne smije biti kvarljivo ili lako uništeno. Tako naprimjer, žito nije idealno spremište vrijednosti.
• Prenosivo: dobro mora biti lako transportirati i čuvati, što omogućuje osiguranje protiv gubitka ili krađe i dopušta trgovinu na velike udaljenosti. Tako, krava je lošije spremište vrijednosti od zlatne narukvice.
• Zamjenjivo: jedna jedinica dobra treba biti zamjenjiva sa drugom. Bez zamjenjivosti, problem podudarnosti želja ostaje nerješiv. Time, zlato je bolje od dijamanata, jer su oni nepravilni u obliku i kvaliteti.
• Provjerljivo: dobro mora biti lako i brzo identificirano i testirano za autentičnost. Laka provjera povećava povjerenje u trgovini i vjerojatnost da će razmjena biti dovršena.
• Djeljivo: dobro mora biti lako djeljivo na manje dijelove. Premda je ovo svojstvo bilo manje važno u ranim društvima gdje je trgovina bila rijetka, postalo je važnije sa procvatom trgovine. Količine koje su se mijenjale postale su manje i preciznije.
• Oskudno: Monetarno dobro mora imati “cijenu nemoguću za lažirati,” kao što je rekao Nick Szabo. Drugim riječima, dobro ne smije biti obilno ili lako dostupno kroz proizvodnju. Oskudnost je možda i najvažnije svojstvo spremišta vrijednosti, pošto se izravno vezuje na ljudsku želju da sakupljamo ono što je rijetko. Ona je izvor vrijednosti u spremištu vrijednosti.
• Duge povijesti: što je dulje neko dobro vrijedno za društvo, veća je vjerojatnost da će biti prihvaćeno kao spremište vrijednosti. Dugo postojeće spremište vrijednosti biti će jako teško uklonjeno od strane došljaka, osim u slučaju sile (ratno osvajanje) ili ako je nova tehnologija znatno bolja u ostalim svojstvima.
• Otporno na cenzuru: novije svojstvo, sve više važno u modernom digitalnom svijetu sa sveprisutnim nadzorom, je otpornost na cenzuru. Drugim riječima, koliko je teško da vanjski agent, kao korporacija ili država, spriječi vlasnika dobra da ga čuva i koristi. Dobra koja su otporna na cenzuru su idealna za ljude koji žive u režimima koji prisilno nadziru kapital ili čine neke oblike mirne trgovine protuzakonitima.

Ova tablica ocjenjuje Bitcoin, zlato (gold) i fiat novac (kao što je euro ili dolar) po svojstvima izlistanim gore. Objašnjenje svake ocjene slijedi nakon tablice.

Trajnost:

Zlato je neosporeni kralj trajnosti. Velika većina zlata pronađenog kroz povijest, uključujući ono egipatskih faraona, opstaje i danas i vjerojatno će postojati i za tisuću godina. Zlatnici korišteni u antičko doba imaju značajnu vrijednost i danas. Fiat valute i bitcoini su digitalni zapisi koji ponekad imaju fizički oblik (npr. novčanice). Dakle, njihovu trajnost ne određuju njihova fizička svojstva (moguće je zamijeniti staru i oštećenu novčanicu za novu), nego institucije koje stoje iza njih. U slučaju fiat valuta, mnoge države su nastale i nestale kroz stoljeća, i valute su nestale s njima. Marke iz Weimarske republike danas nemaju vrijednost zato što institucija koja ih je izdavala više ne postoji. Ako je povijest ikakav pokazatelj, ne bi bilo mudro smatrati fiat valute trajnima dugoročno; američki dolar i britanska funta su relativne anomalije u ovom pogledu. Bitcoini, zato što nemaju instituciju koja ih održava, mogu se smatrati trajnima dok god mreža koja ih osigurava postoji. Obzirom da je Bitcoin još uvijek mlada valuta, prerano je za čvrste zaključke o njegovoj trajnosti. No, postoje ohrabrujući znakovi - prominente države su ga pokušavale regulirati, hakeri ga napadali - usprkos tome, mreža nastavlja funkcionirati, pokazujući visok stupanj antifragilnosti.

Prenosivost:

Bitcoini su najprenosivije spremište vrijednosti ikad. Privatni ključevi koji predstavljaju stotine milijuna dolara mogu se spremiti na USB drive i lako ponijeti bilo gdje. Nadalje, jednako velike sume mogu se poslati na drugi kraj svijeta skoro instantno. Fiat valute, zbog svojeg temeljno digitalnog oblika, su također lako prenosive. Ali, regulacije i kontrola kapitala od strane države mogu ugroziti velike prijenose vrijednosti, ili ih usporiti danima. Gotovina se može koristiti kako bi se izbjegle kontrole kapitala, ali onda rastu rizik čuvanja i cijena transporta. Zlato, zbog svojeg fizičkog oblika i velike gustoće, je najmanje prenosivo. Nije čudo da većina zlatnika i poluga nikad ne napuste sefove. Kada se radi prijenos zlata između prodavača i kupca, uglavnom se prenosi samo ugovor o vlasništvu, ne samo fizičko zlato. Prijenos fizičkog zlata na velike udaljenosti je skupo, riskantno i sporo.

Zamjenjivost:

Zlato nam daje standard za zamjenjivost. Kada je rastopljeno, gram zlata je praktički nemoguće razlikovati od bilo kojeg drugog grama, i zlato je oduvijek bilo takvo. S druge strane, fiat valute, su zamjenjive samo onoliko koliko njihova institucija želi da budu. Iako je uglavnom slučaj da je novčanica zamjenjiva za drugu istog iznosa, postoje situacije u kojima su velike novčanice tretirane drukčije od malih. Naprimjer, vlada Indije je, u pokušaju da uništi neoporezivo sivo tržište, potpuno oduzela vrijednost novčanicama od 500 i 1000 rupija. To je uzrokovalo da ljudi manje vrednuju te novčanice u trgovini, što je značilo da više nisu bile zaista zamjenjive za manje novčanice. Bitcoini su zamjenjivi na razini mreže; svaki bitcoin je pri prijenosu tretiran kao svaki drugi. No, zato što je moguće pratiti individualne bitcoine na blockchainu, određeni bitcoin može, u teoriji, postati “prljav” zbog korštenja u ilegalnoj trgovini, te ga trgovci ili mjenjačnice možda neće htjeti prihvatiti. Bez dodatnih poboljšanja oko privatnosti i anonimnosti na razini mrežnog protokola, bitcoine ne možemo smatrati jednako zamjenjivim kao zlato.

Mogućnost provjere:

Praktično gledajući, autentičnost fiat valuta i zlata je prilično lako provjeriti. Svejedno, i usprkos pokušajima da spriječe krivotvorenje novčanica, i dalje postoji potencijal prevare za vlade i njihove građane. Zlato također nije imuno na krivotvorenje. Sofisticirani kriminalci su koristili pozlaćeni tungsten kako bi prevarili kupce zlata. Bitcoine je moguće provjeriti sa matematičkom sigurnošću. Korištenjem kriptografskih potpisa, vlasnik bitcoina može javno demonstrirati da posjeduje bitcoine koje tvrdi da posjeduje.

Djeljivost:

Bitcoine je moguće podijeliti u stotinu milijuna manjih jedinica (zvanih satoshi), i prenositi takve (no, valja uzeti u obzir ekonomičnost prijenosa malih iznosa, zbog cijene osiguravanja mreže - “network fee”). Fiat valute su tipično dovoljno djeljive na jedinice sa vrlo niskom kupovnom moći. Zlato, iako fizički i teoretski djeljivo, postaje teško za korištenje kada se podijeli na dovoljno male količine da bi se moglo koristiti u svakodnevnoj trgovini.

Oskudnost:

Svojstvo koje najjasnije razlikuje Bitcoin od fiat valuta i zlata je njegova unaprijed definirana oskudnost. Od početka, konačna količina bitcoina nikad neće biti veća od 21 milijun. To daje vlasnicima bitcoina jasan i znan uvid u postotak ukupnog vlasništva. Naprimjer, vlasnik 10 bitcoina bi znao da najviše 2,1 milijuna ljudi (manje od 0.03% populacije) može ikad imati isto bitcoina kao i on. Premda je kroz povijest uvijek bilo oskudno, zlato nije imuno na povećanje ukupne količine. Ako se ikad izumi nova, ekonomičnija metoda rudarenja ili proizvodnje zlata, ukupna količina zlata bi se mogla dramatično povećati (npr. rudarenje morskog dna ili asteroida). Na kraju, fiat valute, relativno nov izum u povijesti, pokazale su se sklonima konstantnim povećanjima u količini. Države su pokazale stalnu sklonost inflaciji monetarne kvantitete kako bi rješavale kratkoročne političke probleme. Inflacijske tendencije vlada diljem svijeta čine fiat valute gotovo sigurnim da će gubiti vrijednost kroz vrijeme.

Etablirana povijest:

Nijedno monetarno dobro nema povijest kao zlato, koje je imalo vrijednost za cijelog trajanja ljudske civilizacije. Kovanice izrađene u antičko doba i danas imaju značajnu vrijednost. Ne može se isto reći za fiat valute, koje su same relativno nova povijesna anomalija. Od njihovog početka, fiat valute su imale gotovo univerzalni smjer prema bezvrijednosti. Korištenje inflacije kao podmuklog načina za nevidljivo oporezivanje građana je vječita kušnja kojoj se skoro nijedna država u povijesti nije mogla oduprijeti. Ako je 20. stoljeće, u kojem je fiat novac dominirao globalni monetarni poredak, demonstriralo neku ekonomsku istinu, to je onda bila ta da ne možemo računati na fiat novac da održi vrijednost u dužem ili srednjem vremenskom periodu. Bitcoin, usprkos svojoj novosti, je preživio dovoljno testova tržišta da postoji velika vjerojatnost da neće nestati kao vrijedno dobro. Nadalje, Lindy efekt govori da što duže Bitcoin bude korišten, to će veća biti vjera u njega i njegovu sposobnost da nastavi postojati dugo u budućnost. Drugim riječima, društvena vjera u monetarno dobro je asimptotička, kao u grafu ispod:

Ako Bitcoin preživi prvih 20 godina, imat će gotovo sveopće povjerenje da će trajati zauvijek, kao što ljudi vjeruju da je internet trajna stvar u modernom svijetu.

Otpor na cenzuru

Jedan od najbitnijih izvora za ranu potražnju bitcoina bila je njegova upotreba u ilegalnoj kupovini i prodaji droge. Mnogi su zato pogrešno zaključili da je primarna potražnja za bitcoinima utemeljena u njihovoj prividnoj anonimnosti. Međutim, Bitcoin nije anonimna valuta; svaka transakcija na mreži je zauvijek zapisana na javnom blockchainu. Povijesni zapis transakcija dozvoljava forenzičkoj analizi da identificira izvore i tijek sredstava. Takva analiza dovela je do uhićenja počinitelja zloglasne MtGox pljačke. Premda je istina da dovoljno oprezna i pedantna osoba može sakriti svoj identitet koristeći Bitcoin, to nije razlog zašto je Bitcoin bio toliko popularan u trgovini drogom.

Ključno svojstvo koje čini Bitcoin najboljim za takve aktivnosti je njegova agnostičnost i nepotrebnost za dozvolom (“premissionlessness”) na mrežnoj razini. Kada se bitcoini prenose na Bitcoin mreži, ne postoji nitko tko dopušta transakcije. Bitcoin je distribuirana peer-to-peer (korisnik-korisniku) mreža, i samim time dizajnirana da bude otporna na cenzuru. Ovo je u velikom kontrastu sa fiat bankarskim sustavom, u kojem države reguliraju banke i ostale institucije prijenosa novca, kako bi one prijavljivale i sprječavale protuzakonito korištenje monetarnih dobara. Klasičan primjer regulacije novca su kontrole kapitala. Npr., bogati milijunaš će vrlo teško prenijeti svoje bogatstvo u novu zemlju, kada bježi iz opresivnog režima. Premda zlato nije izdano i proizvedeno od države, njegova fizička priroda ga čini teško prenosivim kroz prostor, i samim time ga je daleko lakše regulirati nego Bitcoin. Indijski Akt kontrole zlata je primjer takve regulacije.

Bitcoin je odličan u većini gore navedenih svojstava, što mu omogućava da bude marginalno bolji od modernih i drevnih monetarnih dobara, te da pruži poticaje za svoje rastuće društveno usvajanje. Specifično, moćna kombinacija otpornosti na cenzuru i apsolutne oskudnosti bila je velika motivacija za bogate ulagače koji su uložili dio svojeg bogatstva u Bitcoin.

Evolucija novca

U modernoj monetarnoj ekonomiji postoji opsesija sa ulogom novca kao medija razmjene. U 20. stoljeću, države su monopolizirale izdavanje i kontrolu novca i kontinuirano potkopavale njegovo svojstvo spremišta vrijednosti, stvarajući lažno uvjerenje da je primarna svrha novca biti medij razmjene. Mnogi su kritizirali Bitcoin, govoreći da je neprikladan da bude novac zato što mu je cijena bila previše volatilna za medij razmjene. No, novac je uvijek evoluirao kroz etape; uloga spremišta vrijednosti je dolazila prije medija razmjene. Jedan od očeva marginalističke ekonomije, William Stanley Jevons, objašnjava:

"Povijesno govoreći… čini se da je zlato prvo služilo kao luksuzni metal za ukras; drugo, kao sačuvana vrijednost; treće, kao medij razmjene; i konačno, kao mjerilo vrijednosti."

U modernoj terminologiji, novac uvijek evoluira kroz četiri stadija:

1. Kolekcionarstvo: U prvoj fazi svoje evolucije, novac je tražen samo zbog svojih posebnih svojstava, uglavnom zbog želja onog koji ga posjeduje. Školjke, perlice i zlato su bili sakupljani prije nego su poprimili poznatije uloge novca.
2. Spremište vrijednosti: Jednom kada je novac tražen od dovoljnog broja ljudi, biti će prepoznat kao način za čuvanje i spremanje vrijednosti kroz vrijeme. Kada neko dobro postane široko korišteno kao spremište vrijednosti, njegova kupovna moć raste sa povećanom potražnjom za tu svrhu. Kupovna moć spremišta vrijednosti će u jednom trenutku doći do vrhunca, kada je dovolno rašireno i broj novih ljudi koji ga potražuju splasne.
3. Sredstvo razmjene: Kada je novac potpuno etabliran kao spremište vrijednosti, njegova kupovna moć se stabilizira. Nakon toga, postane prikladno sredstvo razmjene zbog stabilnosti svoje cijene. U najranijim danima Bitcoina, mnogi ljudi nisu shvaćali koju buduću cijenu plaćaju koristeći bitcoine kao sredstvo razmjene, umjesto kao novonastalo spremište vrijednosti. Poznata priča o čovjeku koji je za 10,000 bitcoina (vrijednih oko 94 milijuna dolara kada je ovaj članak napisan) za dvije pizze ilustrira ovaj problem.
4. Jedinica računanja vrijednosti: Jednom kada je novac široko korišten kao sredstvo razmjene, dobra će biti vrednovana u njemu, tj. većina cijena će biti izražena u njemu. Uobičajena zabluda je da je većinu dobara moguće zamijeniti za bitcoine danas. Npr., premda je možda moguće kupiti šalicu kave za bitcoine, izlistana cijena nije prava bitcoin cijena; zapravo se radi o cijeni u državnoj valuti koju želi trgovac, preračunatu u bitcoin po trenutnoj tržišnoj cijeni. Kad bi cijena bitcoina pala u odnosu na valutu, vrijednost šalice izražena u bitcoinima bi se povećala. Od trenutka kada trgovci budu voljni prihvaćani bitcoine kao platežno sredstvo, bez obraćanja pažnje na vrijednost bitcoina u državnoj fiat valuti, moći ćemo reći da je Bitcoin zaista postao jedinica računanja vrijednosti.

Monetarna dobra koja još nisu jedinice računanja vrijednosti možemo smatrati “djelomično monetiziranima.” Danas zlato ima takvu ulogu, jer je spremište vrijednosti, ali su mu uloge sredstva razmjene i računanja vrijednosti oduzete intervencijama država. Moguće je također da se jedno dobro koristi kao sredstvo razmjene, dok druga ispunjavaju ostale uloge. To je tipično u zemljama gdje je država disfunkcionalna, npr. Argentina ili Zimbabwe. U svojoj knjizi, Digitalno zlato, Nathaniel Popper piše:

"U Americi, dolar služi trima funkcijama novca: nudi sredstvo razmjene, jedinicu za mjerenje vrijednosti dobara, i mjesto gdje se može čuvati vrijednosti. S druge strane, argentinski peso je korišten kao sredstvo razmjene (za svakodnevne potrebe), ali ga nitko nije koristio kao spremište vrijednosti. Štednja u pesosima bila je ekvivalent bacanja novca. Zato su ljudi svu svoju štednju imali u dolarima, jer je dolar bolje čuvao vrijednost. Zbog volatilnosti pesosa, ljudi su računali cijene u dolarima, što im je pružalo pouzdaniju jedinicu mjerenja kroz vrijeme."

Bitcoin je trenutno u fazi tranzicije iz prvog stadija monetizacije u drugi. Vjerojatno će proći nekoliko godina prije nego Bitcoin pređe iz začetaka spremišta vrijednosti u istinski medij razmjene, i put do tog trenutka je još uvijek pun rizika i nesigurnosti. Važno je napomenuti da je ista tranzicija trajala mnogo stoljeća za zlato. Nitko danas živ nije doživio monetizaciju dobra u realnom vremenu (kroz koju Bitcoin prolazi), tako da nemamo puno iskustva govoriti o putu i načinu na koji će se monetizacija dogoditi.

Put monetizacije

Kroz proces monetizacije, monetarno dobro će naglo porasti u kupovnoj moći. Mnogi su tako komentirali da je uvećanje kupovne moći Bitcoina izgledalo kao “balon” (bubble). Premda je ovaj termin često korišten kako bi ukazao na pretjeranu vrijednosti Bitcoina, sasvim slučajno je prikladan. Svojstvo koje je uobičajeno za sva monetarna dobra jest da je njihova kupovna moć viša nego što se može opravdati samo kroz njihovu uporabnu vrijednost. Zaista, mnogi povijesni novci nisu imali uporabnu vrijednost. Razliku između kupovne moći i vrijednosti razmjene koju bi novac mogao imati za svoju inherentnu korisnost, možemo razmatrati kao “monetarnu premiju.” Kako monetarno dobro prolazi kroz stadije monetizacije (navedene gore), monetarna premija raste. No, ta premija ne raste u ravnoj i predvidivoj liniji. Dobro X, koje je bilo u procesu monetizacije, može izgubiti u usporedbi sa dobrom Y koje ima više svojstava novca, te monetarna premija dobra X drastično padne ili potpuno nestane. Monetarna premija srebra je skoro potpuno nestala u kasnom 19. stoljeću, kada su ga vlade diljem svijeta zamijenile zlatom kao novcem.

Čak i u odsustvu vanjskih faktora, kao što su intervencije vlade ili druga monetarna dobra, monetarna premija novog novca neće ići predvidivim putem. Ekonomist Larry White primijetio je:

"problem sa pričom “balona,” naravno, je da je ona konzistentna sa svakim putem cijene, i time ne daje ikakvo objašnjenje za specifičan put cijene"

Proces monetizacije opisuje teorija igara; svaki akter na tržištu pokušava predvidjeti agregiranu potražnju ostalih aktera, i time buduću monetarnu premiju. Zato što je monetarna premija nevezana za inherentnu korisnost, tržišni akteri se uglavnom vode za prošlim cijenama da bi odredili je li neko dobro jeftino ili skupo, i žele li ga kupiti ili prodati. Veza trenutne potražnje sa prošlim cijenama naziva se “ovisnost o putu” (path dependence); ona je možda najveći izvor konfuzije u shvaćanju kretanja cijena monetarnih dobara.

Kada kupovna moć monetarnog dobra naraste zbog većeg i šireg korištenja, očekivanja tržišta o definicijama “jeftinog” i “skupog” se mijenjaju u skladu s time. Slično tome, kada cijena monetarnog dobra padne, očekivanja tržišta mogu se promijeniti u opće vjerovanje da su prethodne cijene bile “iracionalne” ili prenapuhane. Ovisnost o putu novca ilustrirana je riječima poznatog upravitelja fondova s Wall Streeta, Josha Browna:

"Kupio sam bitcoine kada su koštali 2300 USD, i to mi se udvostručilo gotovo odmah. Onda sam počeo govoriti kako “ne mogu kupiti još” dok im je cijena rasla, premda sam znao da je to razmišljanje bazirano samo na cijenu po kojoj sam ih kupio. Kasnije, kada je cijena pala zbog kineske regulacije mjenjačnica, počeo sam si govoriti, “Odlično, nadam se da će još pasti da mogu kupiti još.”"

Istina leži u tome da su ideje “jeftinog” i “skupog” zapravo besmislene kada govorimo o monetarnim dobrima. Cijena monetarnog dobra ne reflektira njegovu stopu rasprostanjenosti ili korisnosti, nego mjeru koliko je ono široko prihvaćeno da ispuni razne uloge novca.

Dodatna komplikacija u ovom aspektu novca je činjenica da tržišni akteri ne djeluju samo kao nepristrani promatrači koji pokušavaju kupiti i prodati u iščekivanju budućih kretanja monetarne premije, nego i kao aktivni proponenti. Pošto ne postoji objektivno “točna” monetarna premija, širiti dobar glas o superiornijim svojstvima nekog monetarnog dobra je efektivnije nego za obična dobra, čija vrijednost je u konačnici vezana na njegovu osnovnu korisnost. Religiozni zanos sudionika na Bitcoin tržištu vidljiv je na raznim internetskim forumima, gdje Bitcoineri aktivno promoviraju benefine Bitcoina i bogatstvo koje je moguće ostvariti investiranjem u njega. Promatrajući Bitcoin tržište, Leigh Drogen komentira:

"To je prepoznatljivo svima kao religija - priča koju si pričamo i oko koje se slažemo. Religija je krivulja na grafu prihvaćanja o kojoj trebamo razmišljati. Sustav je gotovo savršen - onog trenutka kada netko pristupi krugu Bitcoinera, to će reći svima i nastaviti širiti riječ. Onda njihovi prijatelji pristupe i nastave širiti riječ."

Premda usporedba sa religijom može staviti Bitcoin u iracionalno svjetlo, potpuno je racionalno za individualnog vlasnika da širi dobru vijest o superiornom monetarnom dobru, i za šire društvo da se standardizira oko njega. Novac djeluje kao temelj za svu trgovinu i štednju; tako da prihvaćanje superiornog oblika novca ima ogromne multiplicirajuće benefite za stvaranje bogatstva za sve članove društva.

Oblik monetizacije

U članku o Spekulativnom prihvaćanju Bitcoina / teorije cijene, Michael Casey postulira da rastući Gartner hype ciklusi predstavljaju faze standardne S-krivulje prihvaćanja novih tehnologija, koje su bile prisutne kod mnogih transformacijskih tehnologija dok su postajale uobičajene u društvu.

Svaki Gartner hype ciklus počinje sa eksplozijom entuzijazma za novom tehnologijom, a cijenu podižu oni sudionici na tržištvu koji su “dostupni” u toj fazi. Najraniji kupci u Gartner hype ciklusu obično imaju jaku vjeru o transformacijskoj prirodi tehnologije u koju ulažu. S vremenom, tržište dosegne vrhunac entuzijazma kako se količina novih kupaca iscrpljuje, te kupovinom počnu dominirati spekulatori koji su više zainteresirani u brze profite nego u samu tehnologiju.

Nakon vrha hype ciklusa, cijene rapidno padaju dok spekulativno ludilo ustupa mjesto očajavanju, javnoj poruzi i osjećaju da tehnologija nije uopće bila transformacijska. S vremenom, cijena dosegne dno i formira plato na kojem se originalnim ulagačima, koji su imali snažno uvjerenje, pridružuju nove grupe ljudi koji su izdržali bol kraha cijena i koji cijene važnost same tehnologije.

Plato traje neko vrijeme i formira, kako Casey kaže, “stabilnu, dosadnu dolinu.” Za ovo vrijeme, javni interes za tehnologiju opada, no nastaviti će se razvijati i snažna zajednica uvjerenja će polako rasti. Tada, postavlja se nova baza za sljedeću iteraciju hype ciklusa, dok vanjski promatrači prepoznaju da tehnologija i dalje postoji i da ulaganje u nju možda nije onoliko rizično kao što se činilo za vrijeme pada cijene. Sljedeća iteracija hype ciklusa donosi mnogo veći broj novih ljudi, pa je i ciklus daleko veći u svojoj magnitudi.

Jako mali broj ljudi koji sudjeluju u Gartner hype ciklusu će točno predvidjeti koliko će visoko cijena porasti za vrijeme ciklusa. Cijene često dosegnu razine koje bi se činile apsurdnima većini ulagača u raniji stadijima ciklusa. Kada ciklus završi, mediji tipično atribuiraju pad cijene nekoj od aktualnih drušvenih tema. Premda takva tema može biti okidač pada, ona nikad nije temeljni razlog zašto ciklus završava. Gartner hype ciklusi završavaju kada je količina dostupnih novih sudionika na tržištu iscrpljena.

Zanimljivo je da je i zlato nacrtalo klasičan graf Gartner hype ciklusa od kasnih 1970-ih do ranih 2000-ih. Moguće je spekulirati da je hype ciklus osnovna socijalna dinamika oko procesa monetizacije.

Gartner kohorte

Od početka trgovanja Bitcoina na mjenjačnicama 2010. godine, Bitcoin tržište je svjedočilo četirima velikim Gartner hype ciklusima. U retrospektivi, možemo vrlo precizno identificirati grupe cijena prethodnih hype ciklusa Bitcoin tržišta. Također, možemo kvalitativno odrediti kohorte ulagača koje su povezane sa svakom iteracijom prethodnih ciklusa.

0 USD –1 USD (2009. – 3. mjesec 2011.): Prvi hype ciklus u Bitcoin tržištu dominirali su kriptografi, računalni znanstvenici i cypherpunkovi koji su od početka bili spremni razumijeti važnost nevjerojatnog izuma Satoshija Nakamotoa, i koji su bili pioniri u potvrđivanju da Bitcoin protokol nema tehničkih mana.

1 USD - 30 USD (3. mjesec 2011. – 7. mjesec. 2011.): Drugi ciklus privukao je rane entuzijaste oko novih tehnologija kao i stabilan pritok ideološki motiviranih ulagača koji su bili oduševljeni idejom novca odvojenog od države. Libertarijanci poput Rogera Vera došli su u Bitcoin zbog aktivnog anti-institucionalnog stava, i mogućnosti koju je nova tehnologija obećavala. Wences Casares, briljantni i dobro povezani serijski poduzetnik, bio je također dio drugog Bitcoin hype ciklusa te je širio riječ o Bitcoinu među najprominentnijim tehnolozima i ulagačima u Silicijskoj Dolini.

250 USD – 1100 USD (4. mjesec 2013. – 12. mjesec 2013.): Treći hype ciklus doživio je ulazak ranih generalnih i institucionalnih ulagača koji su bili voljni uložiti trud i riskirati kroz užasno komplicirane kanale likvidnosti kako bi kupili bitcoine. Primaran izvor likvidnosti na tržištu za vrijeme ovog perioda bio je MtGox, mjenjačnica bazirana u Japanu, koju je vodio notorno nesposobni i beskrupulozni Mark Karpeles, koji je kasnije završio i u zatvoru zbog svoje uloge u kolapsu MtGoxa.

Valja primijetiti da je rast Bitcoinove cijene za vrijeme spomenuti hype ciklusa većinom povezano sa povećanjem likvidnosti i lakoćom sa kojom su ulagači mogli kupiti bitcoine. Za vrijeme prvog hype ciklusa, nisu postojale mjenjačnice; akvizicija bitcoina se odvijala primarno kroz rudarenje (mining) ili kroz izravnu razmjenu sa onima koju su već izrudarili bitcoine. Za vrijeme drugog hype ciklusa, pojavile su se rudimentarne mjenjačnice, no nabavljanje i osiguravanje bitcoina na ovim mjenjačnicama bilo je previše kompleksno za sve osim tehnološki najsposobnijih ulagača. Čak i za vrijeme trećeg hype ciklusa, ulagači koju su slali novac na MtGox kako bi kupili bitcoine su morali raditi kroz značajne prepreke. Banke nisu bile voljne imati posla sa mjenjačnicom, a oni posrednici koji su nudili usluge transfera bili su često nesposobni, kriminalni, ili oboje. Nadalje, mnogi koji su uspjeli poslati novac MtGoxu, u konačnici su morali prihvatiti gubitak svojih sredstava kada je mjenjačnica hakirana i kasnije zatvorena.

Tek nakon kolapsa MtGox mjenjačnice i dvogodišnje pauze u tržišnoj cijeni Bitcoina, razvili su se zreli i duboki izvori likvidnosti; primjeri poput reguliranih mjenjačnica kao što su GDAX i OTC brokeri kao Cumberland mining. Dok je četvrti hype ciklus započeo 2016. godine, bilo je relativno lako običnim ulagačima kupiti i osigurati bitcoine.

1100 USD – 19600 USD? (2014. –?):

U trenutku pisanja ovog teksta, tržište Bitcoina je prolazilo svoj četvrti veliki hype ciklus. Sudjelovanje u ovom hype ciklusu dominirala je ona skupina koju je Michael Casey opisao kao “rana većina” običnih i institucionalnih ulagača.

Kako su se izvori likvidnosti produbljivali i sazrijevali, veliki institucionalni ulagači sada imaju priliku sudjelovati kroz regulirana “futures” tržišta. Dostupnosti takvih tržišta stvara put ka kreaciji Bitcoin ETF-a (exchange traded fund) (fond na slobodnom tržištu), koji će onda pokrenuti “kasnu većinu” i “najsporije” u sljedećim hype ciklusima.

Premda je nemoguće predvidjeti točan efekt budućih hype ciklusa, razumno je očekivati da će najviša točka biti između 20.000 USD i 50.000 USD (2021. zenit je bio preko 69.000 USD). Znatno više od ovog raspona, i Bitcoin bi imao znatan postotak ukupne vijednosti zlata (zlato i Bitcoin bi imali jednaku tržišnu kapitalizaciju kada bi bitcoini vrijedili oko 380.000 USD u trenutku pisanja ovog teksta). Značajan postotak vrijednosti zlata dolazi od potražnje centralnih banaka, te je malo vjerojatno da će centralne banke ili suverene države sudjelovati u trenutnom hype ciklusu.

Ulazak suverenih država u Bitcoin

Bitcoinov zadnji Gartner hype ciklus će započeti kada ga suverene države počnu akumulirati kao dio svojih rezervi stranih valuta. Tržišna kapitalizacija Bitcoina je trenutno premala da bismo ga smatrali značajnim dodatkom rezervama većini zemalja. No, kako se interes u privatnom sektoru povećava i kapitalizacija Bitcoina se približi trilijunu dolara, postat će dovoljno likvidan za većinu država. Prva država koja službeno doda bitcoine u svoje rezerve će vjerojatno potaknuti stampedo ostalih da učine isto. Države koje su među prvima u usvajanju Bitcoina imat će najviše benefita u svojim knjigama ako Bitcoin u konačnici postane globalna valuta (global reserve currency). Nažalost, vjerojatno će države sa najjačom izvršnom vlasti - diktature poput Sjeverne Koreje - biti najbrže u akumulaciji bitcoina. Neodobravanje prema takvim državama i slaba izvršna tijela zapadnjačkih demokracija uzrokovat će sporost i kašnjenje u akumulaciji bitcoina za njihove vlastite rezerve.

Velika je ironija u tome što je SAD trenutno jedna od regulatorno najotvorenijih nacija prema Bitcoinu, dok su Kina i Rusija najzatvorenije. SAD riskira najviše, geopolitički, ako bi Bitcoin zamijenio dolar kao svjetska rezervna valuta. U 1960-ima, Charles de Gaulle je kritizirao “pretjeranu privilegiju” (“exorbitant privilege”) koju su SAD imale u međunarodnom monetarnom poretku, postavljenom kroz Bretton Woods dogovor 1944. godine. Ruska i kineska vlada još ne shvaćaju geo-strateške benefite Bitcoina kao rezervne valute, te se trenutno brinu o efektima koje bi mogao imati na njihova unutarnja tržišta. Kao de Gaulle u 1960-ima, koji je prijetio SAD-u povratkom na klasični standard zlata, Kinezi i Rusi će s vremenom uvidjeti korist u velikoj poziciji u Bitcoinu - spremištu vrijednosti bez pokrića ijedne vlade. Sa najvećom koncentracijom rudara Bitcoina u Kini (2017.), kineska vlada već ima znatnu potencijalnu prednost u stavljanju bitcoina u svoje rezerve.

SAD se ponosi svojim statusom nacije inovatora, sa Silicijskom dolinom kao krunom svoje ekonomije. Dosad, Silicijska dolina je dominirala konverzacijom usmjerenom prema regulaciji, i poziciji koju bi ona treba zauzeti prema Bitcoinu. No, bankovna industrija i federalna rezerva SAD-a (US Federal Reserve, Fed) napokon počinju uviđati egzistencijalnu prijetnju koju Bitcoin predstavlja za američku monetarnu politiku, postankom globalne rezervne valute. Wall Street Journal, jedan od medijskih glasova federalne reserve, izdao je komentar o Bitcoinu kao prijetnji monetarnoj politici SAD-a:

"Postoji još jedna opasnost, možda i ozbiljnija iz perspektive centralnih banaka i regulatora: bitcoin možda ne propadne. Ako je spekulativni žar u kriptovalutu samo prvi pokazatelj njezinog šireg korištenja kao alternative dolaru, Bitcoin će svakako ugroziti monopol centralnih banaka nad novcem."

U narednim godinama, možemo očekivati veliku borbu između poduzetnika i inovatora u Silicijskoj dolini, koji će pokušavati čuvati Bitcoin od državne kontrole s jedne strane, i bankovne industrije i centralnih banaka koje će učiniti sve što mogu da bi regulirale Bitcoin kako bi spriječile znatne promjene u svojoj industriji i moći izdavanja novca, s druge.

Prijelaz na medij razmjene

Monetarno dobro ne može postati opće prihvaćen medij razmjene (standardna ekonomska definicija za “novac”) prije nego je vrednovano od širokog spektra ljudi; jednostavno, dobro koje nije vrednovano neće biti prihvaćeno u razmjeni. Kroz proces generalnog rasta vrijednosti, i time postanka spremišta vrijednosti, monetarno dobro će brzo narasti u kupovnoj moći, i time stvoriti cijenu za korištenje u razmjeni. Samo kada ta cijena rizika mijenjanja spremišta vrijednosti padne dovoljno nisko, može dobro postati opće prihvaćen medij razmjene.

Preciznije, monetarno dobro će biti prikladno kao medij razmjene samo kada je suma cijene rizika i transakcijske cijene u razmjeni manja nego u trgovini bez tog dobra.

U društvu koje vrši robnu razmjenu, prijelaz spremišta vrijednosti u medij razmjene može se dogoditi čak i onda kada monetarno dobro raste u kupovnoj moći, zato što su transakcijski troškovi robne razmjene iznimno visoki. U razvijenoj ekonomiji, u kojoj su troškovi razmjene niski, moguće je za mladu i rapidno rastućnu tehnologiju spremišta vrijednosti, poput Bitcoina, da se koristi kao medij razmjene, doduše na ograničen način. Jedan primjer je ilegalno tržište droge, gdje su kupci voljni žrtvovati oportunu cijenu čuvanja bitcoina kako bi umanjili znatan rizik kupovine droge koristeći fiat novac.

Postoje međutim velike institucionalne barijere da novonastalo spremište vrijednosti postane sveopće prihvaćen medij razmjene u razvijenom društvu. Države koriste oporezivanje kao moćnu metodu zaštite svojeg suverenog novca protiv rivalskih monetarnih dobara. Ne samo da suvereni novac ima prednost konstantnog izvora potražnje, zato što je porez moguće platiti jedino u njemu, nego su i rivalska monetarna dobra oporezana pri svakoj razmjeni za vrijeme rastuće cijene. Ova metoda oporezivanja stvara znatan otpor korištenju spremišta vrijednosti kao medija razmjene.

Ovakvo sabotiranje tržišnih monetarnih dobara nije nepremostiva barijera za njihovo prihvaćanje kao općeg medija razmjene. Ako ljudi izgube vjeru u suvereni novac, njegova vrijednost može rapidno propasti kroz proces zvan hiperinflacija. Kada suvereni novac prolazi kroz hiperinflaciju, njegova vrijednost propadne prvo u usporedbi sa najlikvidnijim dobrima u društvu, kao što je zlato ili stabilna strana valuta (američki dolar npr.), ako su ona dostupna. Kada nema likvidnih dobara ili ih ima premalo, novac u hiperinflaciji kolabira u usporedbi sa stvarnim dobrima, kao što su nekretnine ili upotrebljiva roba. Arhetipska slika hiperinflacije je trgovina sa praznim policama - potrošači brzo bježe iz propadajuće vrijednosti novca svoje nacije.

Nakon dovoljno vremena, kada je vjera potpuno uništena za vrijeme hiperinflacije, suvereni novac više nitko ne prihvaća, te se društvo može vratiti na robnu razmjenu, ili će doživjeti potpunu zamjenu monetarne jedinice za sredstvo razmjene. Primjer ovog procesa bila je zamjena zimbabveanskog dolara za američki dolar. Takva promjena suverenog novca za stranu valutu je dodatno otežana relativnom oskudnošću strane valute i odsustvom stranih bankarskih institucija koje pružaju likvidnost tržištu.

Sposobnost lakog prenošenja bitcoina preko granica i odsustvo potrebe za bankarskim sustavom čine Bitcoin idealnim monetarnim dobrom za one ljude koji pate pod hiperinflacijom. U nadolazećim godinama, kako fiat valute nastave svoj povijesni trend ka bezvrijednosti, Bitcoin će postati sve popularniji izbor za ušteđevine ljudi diljem svijeta. Kada je novac nacije napušten i zamijenjen Bitcoinom, Bitcoin će napraviti tranziciju iz spremišta vrijednosti u tom društvu u opće prihvaćeno sredstvo razmjene. Daniel Krawicz stvorio je termin “hiperbitcoinizacija” da bi opisao ovaj proces.

Učestala pogrešna shvaćanja

Većina ovog članka usredotočila se na monetarnu prirodu Bitcoina. Sa tim temeljima možemo adresirati neke od najčešćih nerazumijevanja u Bitcoinu.

Bitcoin je balon (bubble)

Bitcoin, kao sva tržišna monetarna dobra, posjeduje monetarnu premiju. Ona često rezultira uobičajenom kritikom da je Bitcoin samo “balon.” No, sva monetarna dobra imaju monetarnu premiju. Naprotiv, ta monetarna premija (cijena viša od one koju diktira potražnja za dobrom kao korisnim) je upravo karakteristična za sve oblike novca. Drugim riječima, novac je uvijek i svuda balon. Paradoksalno, monetarno dobro je istovremeno balon i ispod vrijednosti ukoliko je u ranijim stadijima općeg prihvaćanja kao novac.

Bitcoin je previše volatilan

Volatilnost cijene Bitcoina je funkcija njegovog nedavnog nastanka. U prvih nekoliko godina svojeg postojanja, Bitcoin se ponašao kao mala dionica, i svaki veliki kupac - kao npr. braća Winklevoss - mogao je uzrokovati veliki skok u njegovoj cijeni. No, kako su se prihvaćenost i likvidnost povećavali kroz godine, volatilnost Bitcoina je srazmjerno smanjila. Kada Bitcoin postigne tržišnu kapitalizaciju (vrijednost) zlata, imat će sličnu volatilnost kao i zlato. Kako Bitcoin nastavi rasti, njegova volatilnost će se smanjiti do razine koja ga čini prikladnim za široko korištenje kao medij razmjene. Kao što je prethodno rečeno, monetizacija Bitcoina se odvija u seriji Gartner hype ciklusa. Volatilnost je najniža za vrijeme vrhunaca i dolina unutar ciklusa. Svaki hype ciklus ima nižu volatilnost od prethodnih, zato što je likvidnost tržišta veća.

Cijene transakcija su previsoke

Novija kritika Bitcoin mreže je ta da ju je povećanje cijena prijenosa bitcoina učinilo neprikladnom za sustav plaćanja. No, rast u cijenama transakcija je zdrav i očekivan. One su nužne za plaćanje bitcoin minera (rudara), koji osiguravaju mrežu validacijom transakcija. Rudare se plaća kroz cijene transakcija ili kroz blok-nagrade, koje su inflacijska subvencija od trane trenutnih vlasnika bitcoina.

S obzirom na Bitcoinovu fiksnu proizvodnju (monetarna politika koja ga čini idealnim za spremanje vrijednosti), blok-nagrade će s vremenom nestati i mrežu će se u konačnici morati osiguravati kroz cijene transakcija. Mreža sa “niskim” cijenama transakcija je mreža sa slabom sigurnosti i osjetljiva na vanjsku intervenciju i cenzuru. Oni koji hvale niske cijene Bitcoinovih alternative zapravo niti ne znajući opisuju slabosti tih takozvanih “alt-coina.”

Površan temelj kritika Bitcoinovih “visokih” cijena transakcija je uvjerenje da bi Bitcoin trebao biti prvo sustav plaćanja, i drugo spremište vrijednosti. Kao što smo vidjeli kroz povijest novca, ovo uvjerenje je naopako. Samo onda kada Bitcoin postane duboko ukorijenjeno spremište novca može biti prikladan kao sredstvo razmjene. Nadalje, kada oportunitetni trošak razmjene bitcoina dođe na razinu koja ga čini prikladnim sredstvom razmjene, većina trgovine neće se odvijati na samoj Bitcoin mreži, nego na mrežama “drugog sloja” (second layer) koje će imati niže cijene transakcija. Takve mreže, poput Lightning mreže, služe kao moderna verzija zadužnica koje su korištene za prijenos vlasničkih papira zlata u 19. stoljeću. Banke su koristile zadužnice zato što je prijenos samog metala bio daleko skuplji. Za razliku od takvih zadužnica, Lightning mreža će omogućavati nisku cijenu prijenosa bitcoina bez potrebe za povjerenjem prema trećoj strani, poput banaka. Razvoj Lightning mreže je tehnološka inovacija od izuzetne važnosti u povijesti Bitcoina, i njezina vrijednost će postati očita u narednim godinama, kako je sve više ljudi bude razvijalo i koristilo.

Konkurencija

Pošto je Bitcoin softverski protokol otvorenog tipa (open-source), oduvijek je bilo moguće kopirati softver i imitirati mrežu. Kroz godine nastajali su mnogi imitatori, od identičnih kopija, kao Litecoin, do kompleksnijih varijanti kao što je Ethereum, koje obećavaju arbitrarno kompleksne ugovorne mehanizme koristeći decentralizirani računalni sustav. Česta kritika Bitcoinu od strane ulagača je ta da on ne može zadržati svoju vrijednost kada je vrlo lako stvoriti konkurente koji mogu lako i brzo u sebi imati najnovije inovacije i softverske funkcionalnosti.

Greška u ovom argumentu leži u manju takozvanog “mrežnog efekta” (network effect), koji postoji u prvoj i dominantnoj tehnologiji u nekom području. Mrežni efekt - velika vrijednost korištenja Bitcoina samo zato što je već dominantan - je važno svojstvo samo po sebi. Za svaku tehnologiju koja posjeduje mrežni efekt, to je daleko najvažnije svojstvo koje može imati.

Za Bitcoin, mrežni efekt uključuje likvidnost njegovog tržišta, broj ljudi koji ga posjeduju, i zajednicu programera koji održavaju i unaprjeđuju njegov softver i svjesnost u javnosti. Veliki ulagači, uključujući države, će uvijek prvo tražiti najlikvidnije tržište, kako bi mogli ući i izaći iz tržišta brzo, i bez utjecanja na cijenu. Programeri će se pridružiti dominantnoj programerskoj zajednici sa najboljim talentom, i time pojačati samu zajednicu. Svjesnost o brendu sama sebe pojačava, pošto se nadobudni konkurenti Bitcoina uvijek spominju u kontekstu Bitcoina kao takvog.

Raskrižje na putu (fork)

Trend koji je postao popularan 2017. godine nije bio samo imitacija Bitcoinovog softvera, nego kopiranje potpune povijesti njegovih prošlih transakcija (cijeli blockchain). Kopiranjem Bitcoinovog blockchaina do određene točke/bloka i odvajanjem sljedećih blokova ka novoj mreži, u procesu znanom kao “forking” (odvajanje), Bitcoinovi konkurenti su uspjeli riješiti problem distribuiranja svojeg tokena velikom broju korisnika.

Najznačajniji takav fork dogodio se 1. 8. 2017. godine, kada je nova mreža nazvana Bitcoin Cash (Bcash) stvorena. Vlasnik N količine bitcoina prije 1.8.2017. bi onda posjedovao N bitcoina i N BCash tokena. Mala, ali vrlo glasna zajednica Bcash proponenata je neumorno pokušavala prisvojiti Bitcoinov brend i ime, imenujući svoju novu mrežu Bitcoin Cast i pokušavajući uvjeriti nove pridošlice u Bitcoin da je Bcash “pravi” Bitcoin. Ti pokušaji su većinom propali, i taj neuspjeh se vidi u tržišnim kapitalizacijama dviju mreža. No, za nove ulagače, i dalje postoji rizik da bi konkurent mogao kopirati Bitcoin i njegov blockchain i tako uspjeti u preuzimanju tržišne kapitalizacije, te postati de facto Bitcoin.

Moguće je uočiti važno pravilo gledajući velike forkove u prošlosti Bitcoin i Ethereum mreža. Većina tržišne kapitalizacije odvijat će se na mreži koja zadrži najviši stupanj talenta i aktivnosti u zajednici programera. Premda se na Bitcoin može gledati kao na nov i mlad novac, on je također računalna mreža koja počiva na softveru, kojeg se pak treba održavati i poboljšavati. Kupovina tokena na mreži koja ima malo neiskusnih programera bilo bi kao kupovati kopiju Microsoft Windowsa na kojoj rade lošiji programeri. Jasno je vidljivo iz povijesti forkova koji su se odvili 2017. godine da su najbolji računalni i kriptografski stručnjaci posvećeni razvoju originalnog Bitcoina, a ne nekoj od rastućeg broja imitacija koje su se izrodile iz njega.

Stvarni rizici

Premda su uobičajene kritike upućene Bitconu od strane medija i ekonomske profesije krive i bazirane na netočnom shvaćanju novca, postoje pravi i značajni rizici kod ulaganja u Bitcoin. Bilo bi mudro za novog Bitcoin ulagača da shvati ove rizike prije potencijalnog ulaganja.

Rizik protokola

Bitcoin protokol i kriptografski sastavni dijelovi na kojima je sagrađen potencijalno imaju dosad nepronađenu grešku u svom dizajnu, ili mogu postati nesigurni razvojem kvantnih računala. Ako se pronađe greška u protokolu, ili neka nova metoda računarstva učini mogućim probijanje kriptografskih temelja Bitcoina, vjera u Bitcoin biti će znatno narušena. Rizik protokola bio je najviši u ranim godinama razvoja Bitcoina, kada je još uvijek bilo nejasno, čak i iskusnim kriptografima, je li Satoshi Nakamoto zaista riješio problem bizantskih generala (Byzantine Generals’ Problem). Brige oko ozbiljnih grešaka u Bitcoin protokolu nestale su kroz godine, no uzevši u obzir njegovu tehnološku prirodu, rizik protokola će uvijek ostati u Bitcoinu, makar i kao izuzetak.

Propadanje mjenjačnica

Time što je decentraliziran, Bitcoin je pokazao značajnu otpornost, suočen sa brojnim pokušajima raznih vlada da ga reguliraju ili unište. No, mjenjačnice koje trguju bitcoinima za fiat valute su centralizirani entiteti i podložne regulacijama i zatvaranju. Bez mjenjačnica i volje bankara da s njima posluju, proces monetizacije Bitcoina bio bi ozbiljno usporen, ako ne i potpuno zaustavljen. Iako postoje alternativni izvori likvidnosti za Bitcoin, poput “over-the-counter” brokera i decentraliziranih tržišta za kupovinu i prodaju bitcoina, kritičan proces otkrivanja i definiranja cijene se odvija na najlikvidnijim mjenjačnicama, koje su sve centralizirane.

Jedan od načina za umanjivanje rizika gašenja mjenjačnica je geografska arbitraža. Binance, jedna od velikih mjenjačnica iz Kine, preselila se u Japan nakon što joj je kineska vlada zabranila operiranje u Kini. Vlade su također oprezne kako ne bi ugušile novu industriju koja je potencijalno značajna kao i internet, i time predale nevjerojatnu konkurentnu vrijednost drugim nacijama.

Samo kroz koordinirano globalno ukidanje Bitcoin mjenjačnica bi proces monetizacije mogao biti zaustavljen. Trenutno smo u utrci; Bitcoin raste i postaje sve rašireniji, i doći će do trenutka kada bi potpuno ukidanje mjenjačnica postalo politički neizvedivo - kao i gašenje interneta. Mogućnost takvog ukidanja je još uvijek realna, i valja je uzeti u obzir pri ulaganju u Bitcoin. Kao što je gore objašnjeno, suverene vlade se polako bude i uviđaju prijetnju koju predstavlja neovisna digitalna valuta otporna na cenzuru, za njihovu monetarnu politiku. Otvoreno je pitanje hoće li išta poduzeti da odgovore ovoj prijetnji prije nego Bitcoin postane toliko utvrđen i raširen da politička akcija postane nemoćna i ne-efektivna.

Zamjenjivost

Otvorena i transparentna priroda Bitcoin blockchaina omogućava državama da proglase specifične bitcoine “okaljanima” zbog njihovog korištenja u određenim aktivnostima. Premda Bitcoin, na protokolarnoj razini, ne diskriminira transakcije na ikoji način, “okaljani” bitcoini bi mogli postati bezvrijedni ako bi ih regulacije proglasile ilegalnima i neprihvatljivima za mjenjačnice ili trgovce. Bitcoin bi tada izgubio jedno od kritičnih svojstava monetarnog dobra: zamjenjivost.

Da bi se ovaj problem riješio i umanjio, biti će potrebna poboljšanja na razini protokola kako bi se poboljšala privatnost transakcija. Premda postoji napredak u ovom smjeru, prvi put primjenjen u digitalnim valutama kao što su Monero i Zcash, potrebno je napraviti značajne tehnološke kompromise između efikasnosti i kompleksnosti Bitcoina i njegove privatnosti. Pitanje ostaje otvoreno je li moguće dodati nova svojstva privatnosti na Bitcoin, na način koji neće kompromitirati njegovu korisnost kao novca.

Zaključak

Bitcoin je novonastali novac koji je u procesu transformacije iz sakupljačkog dobra u spremište vrijednosti. Kao neovisno monetarno dobro, moguće je da će u budućnosti postati globalan novac, slično kao zlato za vrijeme 19. stoljeća. Prihvaćanje Bitcoina kao globalnog novca je upravo taj optimističan scenarij za Bitcoin, kojeg je artikulirao Satoshi Nakamoto još 2010. godine u email razmjeni sa Mikeom Hearnom:

"Ako zamisliš da se koristi u nekom dijelu svjetske trgovine, i da će postojati samo 21 milijun bitcoina za cijeli svijet, vrijednost po jedinici će biti znatno veća".

Ovaj scenarij je još snažnije definirao briljantni kriptograf Hal Finney, koji je ujedno primio i prve bitcoine od Nakamotoa, ubrzo nakon najave prvog funkcionalnog Bitcoin softvera:

"Zamislimo da Bitcoin bude uspješan i postane dominantan sustav plaćanja diljem svijeta. U tom slučaju će ukupna vrijednost valute biti jednaka ukupnoj vrijednosti svog bogatstva svijeta. Današnje procjene ukupnog svjetskog bogatska kućanstava koje sam pronašao borave negdje između 100 i 300 trilijuna dolara. Sa 20 milijuna bitcoina, svaki bi onda vrijedio oko 10 milijuna dolara."

Čak i da Bitcoin ne postane u cijelost globalan novac, nego da se samo natječe sa zlatom kao neovisno spremište vrijednosti, i dalje je masivno podcijenjen. Mapiranje tržišne kapitalizacije postojeće količine izrudarenog zlata (oko 8 trilijuna dolara) na maksimalnu dostupnost Bitcoina od 21 milijun, daje vrijednost od otprilike 380,000 dolara po bitcoinu. Kao što smo vidjeli u prethodnom tekstu, svojstva koja omogućavaju monetarnom dobru da bude prikladno spremište vrijednosti, čine Bitcoin superiornijim zlatu u svakom pogledu osim trajanja povijesti. No, kako vrijeme prolazi i Lindy efekt postane jači, dosadašnja povijest će prestati biti prednost zlata. Samim time, nije nerazumno očekivati da će Bitcoin narasti do, a možda i preko, ukupne cijene zlata na tržištvu do 2030. Opaska ovoj tezi je činjenica da veliki postotak vrijednosti zlata dolazi od toga što ga centralne banke čuvaju kao spremište vrijednosti. Da bi Bitcoin došao do te razine, određena količina suverenih država će trebati sudjelovati. Hoće li zapadnjačke demokracije sudjelovati u vlasništvu Bitcoina je nepoznato. Vjerojatnije je, nažalost, da će prve nacije u Bitcoin tržištu biti sitne diktature i kleptokracije.

Ako niti jedna država ne bude sudjelovala u Bitcoin tržištu, optimistična teza i dalje postoji. Kao nevisno spremište vrijednosti u rukama individualnih i institucionalnih ulagača, Bitcoin je i dalje vrlo rano u svojoj “krivulji prihvaćenosti” (adoption curve); tzv. “rana većina” ulaze na tržište sada, dok će ostali ući tek nekoliko godina kasnije. Sa širim sudjelovanjem individualnih i institucionalnih ulagača, cijena po bitcoinu između 100,000 i 200,000 dolara je sasvim moguća.

Posjedovanje bitcoina je jedna od malobrojnih asimetričnih novčanih strategija dostupnih svakome na svijetu. Poput “call” opcija, negativan rizik ulagača je ograničen na 1x, dok potencijalna dobit i dalje iznosi 100x ili više. Bitcoin je prvi istinski globalan balon čija je veličina ograničena samo potražnjom i željom građana svijeta da zaštite svoju ušteđevinu od raznovrsnih ekonomskih malverzacija vlade. Bitcoin je ustao kao feniks iz pepela globalne financijske krize 2008. godine - katastrofe kojoj su prethodile odluke centralnih banaka poput američke Federalne rezerve (Federal Reserve).

Onkraj samo financijske teze za Bitcoin, njegov rast i uspjeh kao neovisno spremište vrijednosti imat će duboke geopolitičke posljedice. Globalna, ne-inflacijska valuta će prisiliti suverene države da promjene svoje primarne mehanizme financiranja od inflacije u izravno oporezivanje; koje je daleko manje politički popularno. Države će se smanjivati proporcionalno političkoj boli koju im nanese oporezivanje kao jedini način financiranja. Nadalje, globalna trgovina vršiti će se na način koji zadovoljava aspiraciju Charlesa de Gaullea, da nijedna nacija ne bi smjela imati privilegiju nad ikojom drugom:

"Smatramo da je potrebno da se uspostavi međunarodna trgovina, kao što je bio slučaj prije velikih nesreća koje su zadesile svijet, na neosporivoj monetarnoj bazi, koja ne nosi na sebi oznaku ijedne države."

Za 50 godina, ta monetarna baza biti će Bitcoin.

@ 9c9d2765:16f8c2c2

CHAPTER THIRTY THREE

“Rita, have the board members all arrived?” James asked as he adjusted the cuff of his tailored suit, his gaze fixated on the skyline from the glass-paneled office.

Rita nodded, stepping forward with a poised demeanor. “Yes, everyone is seated in the executive conference hall. They’re waiting for your address.”

James exhaled slowly. The significance of today wasn’t lost on him. This wasn’t just another board meeting, it was a landmark moment for JP Enterprises. For the first time in its sixteen-year history, the company was about to unveil a cross-national initiative that would stretch across continents supporting small businesses in underdeveloped economies.

He turned to face her, his eyes steady and thoughtful. “Let’s go give them a future.”

They walked side by side down the corridor, the reborn heir who had weathered every storm, and she, the unshakable ally who had believed in him when the world turned its back.

As James entered the conference room, the murmurs ceased. Heads turned. His presence demanded attention not by force, but through quiet, commanding authority born of earned respect.

Clearing his throat, he began, “Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your presence. Today, we don’t just discuss figures or projections. Today, we choose our purpose. We choose legacy.”

A pause.

“I remember a time when I couldn't afford a meal. A time I was turned away at doors simply because I didn’t wear the right name or the right shoes. But I stand here not to recount hardship, but to celebrate transformation. This company was built not just by wealth but by the spirit of resilience. That same spirit will now be passed on to those who need it most.”

As he laid out the new project The Global Uplift Program a wave of admiration filled the room. This was no ordinary CEO. He wasn’t driven by profit margins but by principle. Investors leaned forward, inspired. Executives exchanged nods of approval. The decision was unanimously supported.

After the meeting, James returned to his office, greeted by the soft rustle of papers on his desk and a fresh bouquet sent anonymously, though he suspected his mother’s doing.

He sat down, leaned back in his chair, and closed his eyes for a moment.

The weight of betrayal, humiliation, and survival still lingered somewhere deep within, but above it now stood something stronger: peace. And fulfillment.

Just as he opened his eyes, a message popped up on his phone.

“You truly are your father’s son.” Mr. JP

A small smile touched his lips.

Outside the building, media vans parked along the curb. Reporters no longer hounded him with accusations, but with admiration. His name was now synonymous with strength, philanthropy, and innovation.

At that same moment, in a correctional facility not too far from the city, Helen sat by a barred window, her fingers trembling as she flipped through a newspaper. There, on the front page, was James“The Visionary President Leading Global Change.”

She tore the paper apart, rage bubbling inside. But what neither she nor Mark could change now was the tide. The world had moved on without them. And James had not only survived the storm they had unknowingly paved the way for his rise.

Back at JP Tower, Rita stepped into James’s office with two cups of coffee.

“One step closer,” she said, handing him his cup.

James took it with a nod. “And several more to go.”

The days that followed the anniversary were filled with unprecedented acclaim for James and JP Enterprises. The company’s prestige soared, and investors from around the globe began to express renewed interest in partnerships, not just for profit, but for the integrity James now represented. Business magazines lined their covers with his image, captioning headlines like “From Outcast to Tycoon: The Man Who Redefined Corporate Leadership.”

But while the surface shone with triumph, James knew that power always came with a price. Success, he had learned, not only attracted admiration it also bred envy.

In the quiet solitude of his office one evening, the golden hue of dusk spilled through the tall windows, casting long shadows across his desk. James sat alone, flipping through a file that detailed upcoming philanthropic ventures. A sense of calm filled the air, but his mind wandered.

He leaned back, staring up at the ceiling. For the first time in years, he wasn't fighting to survive. But in the corners of his mind lingered the betrayals he had endured Tracy’s treachery, Helen’s humiliation, Mark’s attempts to destroy him.

A soft knock interrupted his thoughts.

“Come in,” he called out.

Rita stepped in, holding a folder. “These are the final sign-offs for the Global Uplift Project’s first rollout. Would you like to go through them now?”

James gave a slight nod. “Leave them here, Rita. I’ll take a look before I leave.”

She hesitated for a second before speaking again, “There’s something else… There’s talk that Helen’s lawyers are trying to petition for her early release. And Mark… he’s been corresponding with a journalist. Apparently, he’s planning to publish a book about his version of everything.”

James let out a quiet, wry laugh. “Desperation has many disguises. Let them write, let them scream. The truth has already been witnessed by the world.”

Rita approached the desk, placing the folder down gently. “Still, should we consider preemptive legal action?”

James looked up at her, his eyes calm yet unyielding. “No. Let them bark. Their voices only echo in the dark corners they’ve created for themselves. We’ve got bigger visions to focus on.”

She smiled. “Very well, sir.”

As Rita left, James stood up and walked toward the window. Below, the city pulsated with life cars streaming like veins of light, buildings gleaming beneath the skyline like monuments of ambition.

He thought about the young man he used to be, sleeping on benches, mocked and shamed, barely surviving. And now standing at the helm of a global empire he had not only restored his name but redefined what legacy truly meant.

In another part of the city, in a modest home filled with the smell of fried plantains and old books, an elderly man watched James’s latest interview on TV.

“That boy,” he muttered, sipping tea, “I knew there was something special in him. Look at him now… the whole city in his hands.”

His wife chuckled from the kitchen, “Wasn’t he the one you gave an old coat to during that harsh winter? The one who said thank you with tears in his eyes?”

Weeks after the grand anniversary, JP Enterprises had solidified its place not only as a corporate titan but also as a beacon of transformation and resilience. Its rise under James's leadership was being studied in business schools, discussed in boardrooms, and celebrated in communities that had once dismissed him as nothing more than a wayward vagabond.

Despite the applause, James remained grounded. His vision had always been larger than wealth. He wasn’t driven merely by the desire to prove others wrong, but by a calling to empower the voiceless, the unseen, broken versions of himself he’d once been.

@ 26769dac:498e333b

I am here too\ In the same space like you

In the same situation I'm in\ It's a matter of positioning

I cannot leave this place I'm in\ It was brought about\ By what's been happening

So please don't look at me\ For what I can or cannot do for you\ But look at what is happening for me\ And what is happening for you

Let's communicate\ Not orchestrate

Because there's something I wish to do\ And there's a place I wish to go to

And I'm sure that there is too\ In your heart a fire\ Known by only you

So let us listen, look and see\ For what's true for you\ And what's true for me

That we may act upon what's here\ In order for us both to take a step\ In the direction we wish to steer

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

For years American bitcoin miners have argued for more efficient and free energy markets. It benefits everyone if our energy infrastructure is as efficient and robust as possible. Unfortunately, broken incentives have led to increased regulation throughout the sector, incentivizing less efficient energy sources such as solar and wind at the detriment of more efficient alternatives.

The result has been less reliable energy infrastructure for all Americans and increased energy costs across the board. This naturally has a direct impact on bitcoin miners: increased energy costs make them less competitive globally.

Bitcoin mining represents a global energy market that does not require permission to participate. Anyone can plug a mining computer into power and internet to get paid the current dynamic market price for their work in bitcoin. Using cellphone or satellite internet, these mines can be located anywhere in the world, sourcing the cheapest power available.

Absent of regulation, bitcoin mining naturally incentivizes the build out of highly efficient and robust energy infrastructure. Unfortunately that world does not exist and burdensome regulations remain the biggest threat for US based mining businesses. Jurisdictional arbitrage gives miners the option of moving to a friendlier country but that naturally comes with its own costs.

Enter AI. With the rapid development and release of AI tools comes the requirement of running massive datacenters for their models. Major tech companies are scrambling to secure machines, rack space, and cheap energy to run full suites of AI enabled tools and services. The most valuable and powerful tech companies in America have stumbled into an accidental alliance with bitcoin miners: THE NEED FOR CHEAP AND RELIABLE ENERGY.

Our government is corrupt. Money talks. These companies will push for energy freedom and it will greatly benefit us all.

---

Microsoft Cloud hiring to "implement global small modular reactor and microreactor" strategy to power data centers: https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-cloud-hiring-to-implement-global-small-modular-reactor-and-microreactor-strategy-to-power-data-centers/

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ c1e6505c:02b3157e

I recently acquired a new lens:

1959 Leica Summaron F2.8 35mm LTM.

1959 Leica Summaron 35mm f2.8 LTM mounted on my Fujifilm Xpro2 with LTM adapter made by Urth.

Technically, it was a trade. I helped a fellow Bitcoiner set up their Sparrow Wallet, Nostr stuff, and troubleshoot a few wallet issues, and in return, they gave me the lens.

It all started at a local Bitcoin meetup I went to about a week ago - my second time attending. I recognized a few faces from last time, but also saw some new ones. These meetups are refreshing - it’s rare to speak a common language about something like Bitcoin or Nostr. Most people still don’t get it. But they will.

Technology moves forward. Networks grow. Old cells die off.

During the meetup, someone noticed I had my Leica M262 with me and struck up a conversation. Said they had some old Leica lenses and gear at home, and wanted to show me.

Bitcoin and photography in one conversation? I’m down.

A day or so later, they sent me a photo of one of the lenses: a vintage Summaron LTM 35mm f/2.8 from 1959. I’d never seen or heard of one before. They asked if I could help them set up Sparrow and a Bitcoin node. In exchange, they’d give me the lens. Sounded like a good deal to me. Helping plebs with their setups feels like a duty anyway. I said, of course.

They invited me over - a pretty trusting move, which I appreciated. They had some great Bitcoin memorabilia: Fred Krueger’s The Big Bitcoin Book (even if the guy’s turned full shitcoiner), and some FTX sunglasses from Bitcoin 2022. Probably future collector’s items, lol.

We headed upstairs to work on setting up Sparrow Wallet on their Windows machine. I verified the software download first (which you should always do), then helped them create a new wallet using their Ledger Flex. They also had an older Ledger Nano X. The Flex setup was easy, but the Nano X gave us trouble. It turns out Ledger allows multiple wallets for the same asset, which can show up differently depending on how they’re configured. In Sparrow, only one wallet showed—none of the others.

I believe it had to do with the derivation path from the Ledger. If anyone knows a fix, let me know.

After a few hours of troubleshooting, I told them I couldn’t really recommend Ledger. The UX is a mess. They’d already heard similar things from other plebs too.

I suggested switching to the Blockstream Jade. It’s a solid Bitcoin-only device from a trustworthy team. That’s what you want in a hardware wallet.

But back to the lens…

Since it’s an LTM (Leica Thread Mount), I couldn’t mount it directly on my M262. Luckily, I remembered I had an Urth adapter that fits my Fujifilm X-Pro2. I don’t use the X-Pro2 much these days—it’s mostly been sidelined by the M262 - but this was the perfect excuse to bring it out again.

To test the lens, I shot everything wide open at f/2.8. Nothing crazy fast, but it’s the best way to see a lens’s character. And this one definitely has character. There’s a subtle softness and a kind of motion blur effect around the edges when wide open. At first, I wasn’t sure how I felt about it, but the more I shot, the more I liked it. It reminds me of Winogrand’s work in Winogrand Color - those messy, shifting edges that make the frame feel alive. It also helps soften the digital-ness of the camera sensor.

The focus throw is short and snappy - much tighter than my Summicron V3 35mm f/2. I really like how fast it is to use. The closest focusing distance is about 3.5 feet, so it’s not ideal for close-ups. And with the Urth adapter on the X-Pro2, the focal length ends up closer to 40mm.

The only thing that threw me off was the infinity lock. When the focus hits infinity, it physically locks - you have to press a small tab to unlock it. I’ve seen others complain about it, so I guess it’s just one of those old lens quirks. I’m getting used to it.

All the photos here were taken around where I live in South Carolina. Some during bike rides to the river for a swim, others while walking through the marshlands.

I try to make work wherever I am. You should be able to.

It’s about the light, the rhythm, the play - and having the motivation to actually go out and shoot.

Lens rating: 7.9/10

---

I mainly shoot with a Leica M262, and edit in Lightroom + Dehancer

Use “PictureRoom” for 10% off Dehancer Film

If you’ve made it this far, thank you for taking the time to view my work - consider becoming a paid subscriber.

Also, please contact me if you would like to purchase any of my prints.

Follow me on Nostr:

npub1c8n9qhqzm2x3kzjm84kmdcvm96ezmn257r5xxphv3gsnjq4nz4lqelne96

@ 005bc4de:ef11e1a2

Two days ago I put this out: https://peakd.com/hive-124838/@crrdlx/hostr-snaps-9i13ooa7ufp

Post: https://peakd.com/hive-124838/@crrdlx/hostr-snaps-9i13ooa7ufp

One of the comments said it "...looks like some sort of game as well." That was enough to tickle my curiosity and get me thinking. The round tomatoes and how they nestled into the grooves of the tiles reminded me of Chinese checkers. The grid brought Hex to mind (the game John Nash played) and I wondered if a square-grid version might be viable. A little searching revealed Hex is a "Connection game" and there are several. The one called Tak seemed really interesting and simple. I like interesting and I really like simple.

So, a square grid connection game wouldn't be new, however, you can't play Tak with tomatoes. Tak requires stacking "stones" or standing them on edge, that would be very, very tricky with tomatoes.

I looked around and happened to have some dried corn kernels and dry beans. I drew out a 5 x 5 grid of dots, lined up five corn kernels on one side in a "home row" and 5 beans on the other. We used to play a game where two sides of Army men met after a series of moves. In that game, we rolled dice to have a "combat" and see who would win the little battle. I wanted something like that in my game, some type of combat or conquest, somehow. So, I started messing around, moving kernels and beans, and totally just set out to make this game up on the fly. This is what I got...

Rules

The objective, like Hex or Tak, is to connect one side (your home row) to your opponent's side. The connection to the other side can be a straight line, or it CAN include a diagonal road. Any of the roads below would be a win for team bean (B).

• One side makes a move by sliding one corn/bean one spot forward.
• Then, take turns making moves.
• Movement can only be one spot forward/back or sideways (NSEW). You cannot move diagonally.
• Opponents CAN occupy, or "squat", on the same spot at once. If so, the spot is being "co-squatted" (they're like two people standing in the same sidewalk tile at the same time).
• However, while opponents occupy the same spot, a "combat" might ensue. A corn/bean can "attack" by moving yet another adjoining corn or bean onto the co-squatted spot. A conquest is made by outnumbering a spot 2-to-1. For instance, if a spot is being occupied by both a bean and corn, and then a second corn moves in, the two corns conquer the one bean. The bean is immediately removed. The bean player then places that conquered bean into any empty spot on his or her home row. That placement constitutes the bean player's turn. So, after the bean is placed on the home row, the corn player makes the next move.
• Play continues until someone completes a road from their home row across to their opponent's home row. (Again, a diagonal road is okay for the win.)
• The losing player got Succotashed.

Game name

As to the name, initially I wanted a tomato-ish name. But, I was using corn and beans. So, I'm naming this game "Succotash" after the corn, bean, and vegetable recipe. I considered calling it the "Texas Caviar Game" because it has tomatoes in it, but playing Succotash just sounds better. Plus, putting tomatoes in succotash sounds yummy.

Simple

A big goal here was to keep it simple. To that end, all that's needed is (a) a paper with a 5 x 5 grid drawn on it, and, (b) 5 pieces of something and 5 pieces of something else. Obviously I used corn kernels and beans, but it could easily be shells/legos, pennies/paperclips, nuts/stones, or whatever.

Initially, I had a "storehouse" of extra corn kernels and storehouse of extra beans (seen in the images). My thinking was that they would replace the corn or beans that get conquered by opponents. Upon playing the game, it was apparent that a storehouse is totally unnecessary. Once captured, the same corn/bean can just be the one that's placed back onto the home row. Five of each is fine.

Also, I'm sure the grid could easily be expanded to whatever size you wish. I played an opponent with the 5 x 5 grid, and that seemed a good size for a five minute or so game.

Why not sit down face-to-face with someone for a minute and give Succotash a try? If you do, I'd love to hear how it went.

@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae

Crypto Insights

No Blind Trust : A New Proposal for Manually Creating Mnemonics

Eric Kvam proposed an improved method for generating and recovering seed phrase mnemonics. The goal is to allow users to create seed phrases manually and securely, eliminating reliance on a black box. It also allows for encoding derivation path in the mnemonics to simplify recovery.

Facing Spam: Are P2P Networks Fundamentally at a Disadvantage?

The author argues that P2P permissionless networks like Bitcoin and Nostr face a structural disadvantage in dealing with spam. In broadcast-style networks, spammers are often more motivated than regular users making P2P value transfers. Simply increasing the cost per action is not enough to deter spam, as the value gained by spammers far exceeds that of regular users. In contrast, mainstream internet spam control relies on identifying users and punishing bad behavior, but this goes against Bitcoin’s principles of decentralization and privacy. The author worries that without an effective solution, genuine users may eventually be pushed out while spammers persist.

Bitcointap: Real-Time Data Extraction from Bitcoin Core Tracepoints

Jb55 released Bitcointap — a Rust library and CLI tool that leverages Bitcoin Core’s EBPF-USDT tracepoints to extract data in real time, inspired by @0xB10C’s peer_observer project.

• Bitcointap GitHub Repo, and Demo Video

Tradeoffs Between Performance and Privacy in the Lightning Network

The Lightning developer community recently discussed the privacy impact of surfacing granular HTLC hold times via attributable failures. Carla followed up with further reflections, exploring how forwarding delays impact payment privacy. She also pointed out that no privacy-preserving forwarding delay mechanism is currently deployed in the Lightning Network.

Parasite Pool: A New Open Source Pool for Pleb Bitcoin Mining

Ordinal Maxi Biz founder ZK Shark has launched Parasite Pool, an open-source Bitcoin mining pool aimed at pleb miners who want to contribute to Bitcoin decentralization. It supports Lightning Network payouts, has a low entry threshold of just 10 sats, and allows individuals to earn directly and instantly. Its “Plebs Eat First” reward structure gives 1 BTC to the block finder, while the remaining 2.125 BTC and transaction fees are distributed via Lightning to pooled workers, making it especially attractive to plebs. Parasite Pool’s current hashrate is only 5 PH/s, representing just 0.000006% of the Bitcoin network—projected to take over 3 years to mine a block at current rates.

BitVMX Unveils 2025 Roadmap

BitVMX released its roadmap for 2025, outlining five core tracks: Research, Implementation, Security, Platform Integration, and Education & Outreach.

Top Reads on Blockchain and Beyond

The Cathedral and the Bazaar in the Age of AI Agents: Crypto’s Role in Low-Trust Environments

Borrowing the metaphor of "The Cathedral and the Bazaar," the author suggests that the network architecture of the AI agent era resembles a Linux-style open bazaar. In this model, countless untrusted agents with development capabilities provide services to one another through inter-agent calls, forming a loosely coordinated network. This low-trust environment is where cryptographic technologies shine—enabling value exchange without requiring trust. As such, crypto becomes a foundational component of this new AI-powered bazaar.

A Look Back at the 2015 Bitcoin Spam Attacks: Consensus Shifts and Today’s OP_Return Debate

BitMex’s article recounts four waves of spam attacks on Bitcoin in the summer of 2015, launched by a London-based company CoinWallet.EU. These spam floods severely degraded the user experience for Bitcoin payments, especially during the third wave from July 7 to July 11, 2015. The attacks sparked debate around miner filtering of spam transactions and block size limits. BitMex argues these events played a critical role in shaping views on spam mitigation and echo today’s debates over the OP_Return relay limit.

5-Step Survival Guide for Personal Data Breaches

a16z’s guide outlines immediate and long-term responses after a personal data breach:

1. Act Immediately

• Freeze your credit to prevent identity theft.

• Strengthen multi-factor authentication (MFA): Prefer app-based or hardware key methods over SMS. Enable SIM protection with your telecom provider.

• Replace compromised IDs: Contact relevant authorities.

2. Strengthen Online Account Security

• For Apple and Google accounts, enable advanced protections (e.g., Google Advanced Protection, Passkeys, YubiKey).

• Use a password manager; consider offline tools like KeePass, or services like Bitwarden and 1Password.

3. Secure Your Phone

• iPhone users: Set a strong alphanumeric password, enable Find My iPhone, activate Stolen Device Protection, and require Face ID for sensitive apps.

• Android users: Use a strong password or biometrics, enable Find My Device, activate theft detection lock and identity checks.

4. Defend Against Social Engineering

• Watch for phishing scams, suspicious login notifications, or fake calls/texts pretending to be from financial institutions.

5. Monitor Your Social Media Accounts

• Regularly check account access. If locked out, contact support immediately.

@ 99e7936f:d5d2197c

“Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.”

Wo bleibt die Rettung?

Wenn man bei einem Notfall auf den Rettungswagen wartet, dann fühlen sich Minuten wie Stunden an. Die Nerven sind bis zum Anschlag gespannt, alle Sinne sind geschärft.

Die Natur hat das so eingerichtet, damit man aufmerksam und  gut geschützt ist vor weiteren Verletzungen.

Bei Trauma ist das auch so, nur dass dieser Zustand gefühlt ein halbes Leben andauert. Das klingt brutal, ist aber in etwa so. Da ein menschlicher Körper das nicht gut aushalten kann, sendet er dem Gehirn die Information: “ Bitte mach etwas zur Entlastung, ich kann mit dem Dauerstress nicht gut umgehen. Ich habe ständig das Gefühl, dass etwas Schlimmes passiert und ich mich verteidigen muss.“ Das Gehirn überlegt sich dann eine Lösung, um auch selber endlich wieder Ruhe zu haben. In der Regel wird der traumatische Inhalt verdrängt, vergessen, abgewandelt, abgeschwächt oder als Schwarz-Weiß-Film wieder gegeben, also ohne Gefühl (re)präsentiert. Man kann dann von den traumatischen Erlebnissen erzählen, ohne ein einziges Gefühl zu haben. Das wirkt souverän, als habe man das Trauma verarbeitet, das Gegenteil ist der Fall. Manche Menschen reden sogar über Gefühle, empfinden diese aber nicht. Gefühle werden imitiert oder inszeniert. Wenn man selber fühlen kann, spürt man diesen feinen Unterschied als Zuhörer sofort. Jedenfalls ist alles das Traumafolge bzw. die Lösung, die uns das Gehirn nach Trauma anbietet. Entweder ist der ganze Inhalt samt Emotion weg, oder der Inhalt ist noch da, aber die Emotion dazu fehlt. Es gibt Menschen, die so tief traumatisiert sind, dass sie eine ganz andere Geschichte von sich selbst erzählen, als die, die eigentlich stattgefunden hat. Ich weiß, dass das gruselig klingt. Aber das ist eine Realität. Und es ist vermutlich gut so. Die Natur macht alles, um ein Menschenleben zu retten, und wenn es um den Preis des psychologischen Vergessens ist. Manche Erinnerungen sind offensichtlich nicht mit dem Leben vereinbar, deswegen werden sie für immer abgespalten. Mittlerweile habe ich persönlich viel Respekt vor Menschen, die sich an nichts mehr „erinnern“ können, da ich gelernt habe, dass sie am schlimmsten traumatisiert sind. Diese Einstellung hatte ich nicht immer.

Jedenfalls verhält es sich nach meiner Beobachtung und auch nach meinen eigenen Erfahrungen so, dass man sich ganz oft erst dann vollständig UND in Farbe an traumatische Erlebnisse erinnert, wenn die Zeit dafür reif ist. Man könnte auch sagen, wenn die Seele bereit ist, die verlorenen Seelenanteile wieder zuzulassen. Sie sind nie weg, denn eine unsichtbare Schnur verbindet uns immer mit dem, was passiert ist. Also, wenn dieser Moment, in dem Du Deine Seelenanteile wieder begrüßen darfst, kommt, dann ist das wie ein riesiges Geschenk, auch wenn sich das zu Beginn nicht so anfühlt. Es fühlt sich dann eher so an, wie wenn man auf den Rettungswagen wartet, aber es ist definitiv ein Geschenk, genau wie eine Geburt ein Geschenk ist. Und eine Geburt ist ja auch nicht immer leicht.

Also, je mehr Gefühl beim Erinnern von traumatischen Inhalten spürbar ist, desto besser kann  Traumabearbeitung gelingen. (Heiße den Schmerz willkommen, wenn er in Dein Leben kommt.) Ich persönlich hatte lange Wehen, bevor mein Trauma dann schlagartig aktiviert wurde. Das war, bildlich gesprochen, eine Hausgeburt, die ich allein vollbracht habe, weil der Rettungswagen dermaßen Verspätung hatte. Aber das Kind hat sich dennoch gut entwickelt. Ich habe zuvor lange von meinem Trauma „nur“ geredet. Ich habe rationalisiert, wie man in der Fachsprache sagt. Mir war meine frühe Verletzung bewusst, aber ich hatte kein Gefühl zu dem, was ich erlebt hatte. Als das Gefühl da war, verstand ich, dass es sinnvoll war, es solange nicht gefühlt haben zu können, denn es war ein überwältigender Schmerz. Die Natur macht instinktiv ein gutes Timing für die Wiederkehr des Gefühls. Sie sucht sich eine Zeit im Leben aus, wo man einen guten Stand hat, stabil ist, eine Umgebung hat, die einen zumindest für eine Weile halten und auffangen kann. Denn die Natur möchte schließlich, dass man auch die Wiederkehr des Gefühls überlebt.

Genauso schmerzhaft wie der Verlust des Gefühls war, genauso schmerzhaft ist seine Wiederkehr.

Der Schmerz ist quasi der Erste und der Letzte. Er macht das Licht aus, und später macht er das Licht oder den Farbfilm wieder an. Der Schmerz ist viel besser als sein Ruf.

Ich erzähle hier lediglich meine Erfahrungen und Beobachtungen, auch wenn ich allgemein formuliere. Das kann sich bei anderen Menschen auch anders verhalten. Aber ich finde den Erfahrungsaustausch über dieses Thema wichtig, WEIL es unterschiedlich sein kann und jeder auf einem anderen Level von Traumabearbeitung steht. Ein Problem bei Traumabearbeitung ist, dass jeder ein anderes Trauma erlebt hat, dass jeder einen anderen Nährboden hatte, auf den das Trauma fiel, und dass es verschiedene Stadien gibt, bis es dann endlich und hoffentlich soweit ist, dass das Trauma wieder vollständig in die eigene Psyche integriert werden kann und man wieder „ganz“ bzw. „neu und etwas anders“ ist. Und meine Erfahrung ist, dass man auf das Tempo dieses Prozesses leider keinen Einfluss hat, auch wenn es hierzu, wie ich finde, viele falsche Verkehrsdurchsagen gibt. Die Natur ist da verschlossen wie eine Auster, sie lässt sich nicht ins Handwerk pfuschen. Als ich das verstand, hat sich mein Wunsch, Menschen zu helfen, schlagartig verändert. Ich verstand, dass ICH das nicht machen kann, dass die Natur das selber macht. Und das ist eine gute Nachricht, denn die Natur kann das am besten und ist ein super zuverlässiger Partner.

Wir brauchen keinen Rettungswagen. Der Schmerz ist die Rettung.

Das Thema „Trauma“ birgt so viel positiven Erkenntnisgewinn über das Wunder des Lebens.

Aber zurück zum Thema. Wenn man, so wie ich, ein halbes Leben in einem Schwarz-Weiß-Film verbracht hat, dann die Hausgeburt ohne Rettungswagen durchgestanden hat und das Kind irgendwann anfängt, neugierige Fragen zu stellen, dann ist man im Zugzwang. In dieser Situation bin ich heute. Deswegen schreibe ich. Mein neues ICH fragt mich immer öfter, warum ich so viele Dinge tue, die ich eigentlich gar nicht mehr tun will. Kinder fragen einen auch manchmal ganz unverblümt, ob man den Hansi denn lieb hat oder ob man gerne im Büro arbeitet. Wenn man den Hansi nicht lieb hat und nicht gerne im Büro arbeitet, dann muss man schlucken und eine kindgerechte Antwort formulieren. Genauso wenig wie Kinder als kompetenter 20-jähriger auf die Welt kommen, genau so wenig ist man nach geglückter Traumabearbeitung „geheilt“. Es wird nichts schlagartig besser. Das ist auch so eine falsche Verkehrsdurchsage. Man lebt ja noch im alten Leben, was nun Schritt für Schritt verändert werden darf. ABER man ist glückliche Mutter. Mutter sein, ist nicht immer leicht, habe ich mir sagen lassen. Mütter lieben ihre Kinder. Im Idealfall machen sie sich keine Gedanken darüber, was aus ihrem Kind mal werden soll. Sie vertrauen einfach darauf, DASS aus ihrem Kind ein glücklicher Mensch wird und buttern deshalb so viel Liebe in das Kind hinein, wie in den wenigen Jahren, die das Kind ein Kind ist, möglich ist. So ähnlich geht es mir heute auch. Ich bin stolz auf mein neues ICH und lobe es, so oft ich kann. Jede Mutter lobt ihre Butter. Das ist wichtig, denn das Leben bietet ständig Herausforderungen, an denen man bekanntlich wachsen darf. Ich gehe jeden Tag mit meinem „Kind“ spazieren, und wir sehen viel. Wir sehen andere Menschen mit Trauma, wir hören zu, welches Trauma der andere erlebt hat und auf welchem Level er ist. Wir hören das Gefühl heraus, welches mitschwingt. Wir sehen Menschen in ihrem Schwarz-Weiß-Film. Und wir sehen Menschen, die scheinbar mit jeder Situation souverän umgehen können. Am meisten interessieren „uns“ zur Zeit solche Menschen, die ehrlich zugeben, dass sie Wehen haben, dass der Schmerz sich in immer kürzeren Abständen meldet. (Die verlorenen Seelenanteile ziehen an der unsichtbaren Schnur.) Mit diesen Leuten kann ich im Moment am besten. Das hört sich komisch an. Aber ich will damit zum Ausdruck bringen, dass ich mit diesen Menschen mittlerweile am meisten resoniere. Sie sprechen meine Sprache. Sie empfinden Gefühle, und sprechen über diese. Das ist für mich die schönste Sprache.

Wer in diesen Tagen wahrhaftig Schmerz empfindet, und nicht nur als Lippenbekenntnis, sondern echten üblen Schmerz über die enttäuschte Liebe oder über die Verhältnisse in dieser Welt, der ist mir sympathisch, der ist mir nah. Denn ich weiß, dass so ein fühlender Mensch auch bald eine Niederkunft erleben wird, die ihn verändert, die ihn anders auf diese Welt schauen lässt.

Der Schmerz bringt uns die Verwandlung. Der Schmerz bringt die verlorenen Seelenanteile zurück. Der Schmerz ist der Hüter des Lebens. Der Schmerz bringt Dir Deine volle Sensibilität für andere Menschen zurück. Alles, was Du bei Dir nicht fühlen kannst, kannst Du bei anderen nicht fühlen. Der Schmerz beendet das. Er macht das Licht an und gibt dem Film wieder Farbe.

Heiße den Schmerz willkommen, wenn er in Dein Leben kommt. Tu das, nicht etwa weil Du gern leidest, nein tu das, weil Du Dich liebst, weil Du bewusst darauf achten möchtest, was Dir wirklich gut tut und Freude macht. Ein Mensch oder ein Job, der Dir Schmerz bereitet, den gilt es loszulassen. Und wenn Du Schmerz im Gesicht Deines Gegenübers siehst, dann frage Dich ehrlich, was Dein Anteil daran ist, dass der andere leidet. Wir sind nicht für jedes Leid auf dieser Welt verantwortlich, das möchte ich hier auch betonen. Und die Schuld-Nummer zieht bei mir schon lange nicht mehr. Aber ich nehme immer besser wahr, wenn mein eigenes  Verhalten nicht angemessen, nicht authentisch ist, von überholten Glaubensmustern geprägt ist. Ich kann das erkennen und korrigieren. Ich kann das heute selber erkennen, weil der Schmerz mich das gelehrt hat, mich geöffnet hat. Der Schmerz lehrt uns ganz viel. Der Schmerz ist der Hüter des Lebens. Er trifft einen hart, macht aber weich.

Heiße den Schmerz willkommen, denn er ist die Rettung.   

“Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.”

Onboarding bei Nostr:   Nostr

Easy onboarding via **Start.**\ \ Das Pareto-Team baut den “Marktplatz der Ideen” und hat dabei schon viel erreicht. \ team@pareto.space \ https://pareto.space \ https://geyser.fund/project/pareto?hero=1c1b8e487090

\ \ Newsletter per Mail (Die Friedenstaube)\ hier abonnieren\ \ In Telegram lesen -> hier unsere Kanäle\ https://t.me/pareto_artikel \ https://t.me/friedenstaube_artikel \ \ Als Feed in einem Feed-Reader \ https://pareto.space/atom/feed.xml \ https://pareto.space/atom/de_feed.xml \ https://pareto.space/atom/en_feed.xml

@ 3eba5ef4:751f23ae

加密洞见

无需盲信系统：手动创建助记词的新提案

开发者 Eric Kvam 提出了一种改进助记词生成和恢复流程的方法，目的是让用户能够手动、安全地生成种子短语助记词，从不必信任「黑盒」，并在助记词中编码派生路径以简化恢复过程。

应对垃圾信息，P2P 网络存在固有劣势？

作者认为，比特币和 Nostr 等类似 P2P 无许可网络在应对垃圾信息问题上存在固有劣势。由于广播式网络的特性，垃圾信息发送者在动机上远强于正常点对点价值传递的用户，仅通过提高每笔操作的成本难以有效遏制垃圾信息，因为垃圾发送者从中获得的价值远高于普通用户。相比之下，互联网主流是通过识别用户身份、并对不良行为实施惩罚的方式来治理垃圾信息，但这种方式违背了比特币的去中心化和隐私保护原则，并导致了严重的隐私侵犯。作者担心，如果不能有效解决垃圾信息问题，比特币等网络的正常用户可能会被迫离开，而垃圾发送者仍会留下。

Bitcointap：利用比特币核心跟踪点，实时提取数据

开发者 jb55 推出 bitcointap——一个 Rust 库和 CLI 工具。它利用 Bitcoin-Core 的 EBPF-USDT 跟踪点，实现数据的实时提取。Bitcointap 的开发受到 @0xB10C 的 peer_observer 项目的启发。

• Bitcointap 的 GitHub Repo，以及 Demo Video

闪电网络中性能和隐私间的权衡

闪电网络开发者社区最近讨论到 Pivacy impact of surfacing granular HTLC hold times via attributable failures 这一问题。Carla 对此进行了后续思考，进一步研究了转发延迟（forwarding delays）机制对付款隐私的影响。她也指出，现在的闪电网络中并没有部署任何转发延迟的隐私保护。

面向草根挖矿的新开源矿池 Parasite Pool

Ordinal Maxi Biz 创始人 ZK Shark 推出开源比特币矿池 Parasite Pool，专为希望为比特币去中心化做出贡献的家庭矿工而建。支持闪电网络支付，门槛低至 10 聪，允许个人直接即时赚钱。它有一个「平民先吃」（Plebs Eat First）的奖励结构，将 1 BTC 奖励给找到区块的人，并将剩余的 2.125 BTC 加上手续费通过闪电支付分配给其余非获胜参与者。小规模矿工由此可以获得相对于其哈希算力的巨额奖励，这让 Parasite Pool 对他们而言特别具有吸引力。目前 Parasite Pool 指向矿池的哈希率只有 5 PH/s，只占整个比特币网络的 0.000006%，预计可能需要 3 年多才能到达一个区块。

BitVMX 公布 2025 路线图

BitVMX 公布了 2025 年路线图，呈现了在研究、实施、安全、平台集成以及教育和对外扩展五条核心轨道上的计划：

精彩无限，不止于链

AI 代理时代的大教堂与集市，加密技术在低信任场景中的未来

作者借用经典的「大教堂与集市」比喻，认为 AI 代理时代的网络形态是一个 Linux 式的开放集市——这里会有大量具有独立开发能力的自动代理人，通过相互调用，为彼此提供服务，由此形成松散的协作网络。这样一个低信任的场景，正是加密技术最擅长的环境———在无需信任的环境中交换价值，因此加密货币将成为 AI 代理人集市中不可或缺的基础要素。

回顾 2015 比特币垃圾邮件攻击：共识变革与当今 OP_Return 辩论的呼应

BitMex 的这篇文章介绍了 2015 年夏天针对比特币的四轮垃圾邮件攻击。这些攻击由一家名为 CoinWallet.EU 的伦敦公司发起。垃圾邮件对当时进行比特币支付的人的用户体验产生了重大的不利影响，尤其是在 2015 年 7 月 7 日至 2015 年 7 月 11 日的第三轮攻击中。这次攻击引发了关于矿工过滤垃圾邮件交易和区块大小限制的辩论。在 BitMex 看来，这次攻击在形成许多人关于如何处理垃圾邮件的观点方面发挥了关键作用，并且与今天关于 OP_Return 中继限制的辩论有有趣的相似之处。

个人数据泄露后的 5 步生存手册

a16z 的这篇指南梳理了在个人数据泄露后，如何立即应对与长期防护，重点包括：

1. 立即采取行动

• 冻结信用：防止身份被盗用开设新账户。

• 加强多因素认证（MFA）：在所有金融与社交账户启用 MFA，优先使用 App 或硬件密钥而非短信认证，并向电信商申请 SIM 卡保护。

• 更换身份证件：联系相关部门申请补发。

2. 强化线上账户安全

• Apple 和 Google账户，启用高级保护措施（如 Google Advanced Protection、Passkeys、YubiKey 等）。

• 使用密码管理器，推荐离线工具 KeePass，或 Bitwarden、1Password 等第三方服务

3. 锁定手机安全

• iPhone 用户：设置自定义字母数字密码、启用Find My iPhone、开启 Stolen Device Protection，敏感应用要求Face ID。

• Android用户：设置强密码或生物识别、启用Find My Device、开启盗窃检测锁和身份检查。

4. 防范社交工程攻击

• 警惕钓鱼诈骗、可疑登录通知、冒充金融机构的短信或电话。

5. 监控社交媒体账户

• 定期确认账户存取权，若被锁定立即联系客户服务。

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

These days it can feel like the whole world is out of control. Government officials lie and break the law. People are selfish, act emotionally rather than logically, and push ideologies that are illogical and contrary to reality. Society is divided into groups and people are judged, not for their own character, but based on which group they are placed into. There are wars and rumors of wars. There are worries of pandemics and economic disasters. Depression, psychosis, and despair is rampant even among the youngest among us.

Hope For Believers

As much as things seem to be out of control, they are not out of God’s control. This is what the Bible predicted. No matter how bad things get in the world, those who have put their faith in Jesus, do not need to feel despair.

Why are you in despair, O my soul?\ And why have you become disturbed within me?\ Hope in God, for I shall again praise Him\ For the help of His presence.\ O my God, my soul is in despair within me;\ Therefore I remember You from the land of the Jordan\ And the peaks of Hermon, from Mount Mizar. (Psalm 42:5-6)

When we start to feel despair overcoming us, we need to remember what God has done and what He has promised. We need to praise God for what He has done, what He has promised, and what He will bring to completion. Things may be hard now, but God is still in control, and we know how the story will end. God triumphs. Good is rewarded. Evil is destroyed. We can stand on the foundation of hope because we know the ending. Even though things may be out of our personal control, they are always under God’s control.

The more fiercely the storm rages, the more we need to rest in Jesus and the more we need to put our hope in Him.

O love the Lord, all you His godly ones!\ The Lord preserves the faithful\ And fully recompenses the proud doer.\ **Be strong and let your heart take courage,\ All you who hope in the Lord. (Psalm 31:23-24) {emphasis mine}

We can take courage because God always acts for our long term good. Every hardship we experience here on earth will be recognized as a blessing that grew our faith and prepared us for heaven and God’s presence in eternity.

For I know the plans that I have for you,’ declares the Lord, ‘plans for welfare and not for calamity to give you a future and a hope. (Jeremiah 29:11)

Even the worst things that happen to us, due to the sins of others, have a good purpose in our lives. God is working good through us. Our hope isn’t an empty hope. It isn’t a “I really hope this happens.” It is a “I can hope in the guaranteed promises of God.”

For we do not want you to be unaware, brethren, of our affliction which came to us in Asia, that we were burdened excessively, beyond our strength, so that we despaired even of life; indeed, we had the sentence of death within ourselves so that we would not trust in ourselves, but in God who raises the dead; who delivered us from so great a peril of death, and will deliver us, He on whom we have set our hope. And He will yet deliver us, (2 Corinthians 1:8-10) {emphasis mine}

We may experience situations so bad that they seem hopeless, but with God, nothing is hopeless. The God who raises the dead can raise us out of any situation. The God who spoke the universe into existence can deliver us by a word.

The God of the Bible knows all and loves us completely. He looks at our situation through the lens of eternity. What seems best in the moment is not necessarily what is best for our eternity. Many times He delivers us through hardship rather than out of it. We just need to trust Him and put our hope in Him because He is good.

In the same way God, desiring even more to show to the heirs of the promise the unchangeableness of His purpose, interposed with an oath, so that by two unchangeable things in which it is impossible for God to lie, we who have taken refuge would have strong encouragement to take hold of the hope set before us. This hope we have as an anchor of the soul, a hope both sure and steadfast and one which enters within the veil, where Jesus has entered as a forerunner for us, having become a high priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek. (Hebrews 6:17-20) {emphasis mine}

Read that statement again. “This hope we have as an anchor of the soul, a hope both sure and steadfast.” Are you trusting Jesus as the “anchor of your soul?” Is your hope just a wish or is it a “sure and steadfast” hope based on the promises of God that you know will 100% come true?

And not only this, but we also exult in our tribulations, knowing that tribulation brings about perseverance; and perseverance, proven character; and proven character, hope; and hope does not disappoint, because the love of God has been poured out within our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us. (Romans 5:3-5)

Isn’t it ironic that we need hope to persevere through tribulations, but that persevering through tribulation gives us character and hope? Our faith, trust, and hope grow through hardship. When things are easy, we almost always fall back on trusting in our own power rather than relying on God’s power. If we have put our faith in Jesus, there is no situation in which we should lose hope.

Now may the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, so that you will abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit. (Romans 15:13)

Is your joy and peace based on your circumstances or have you learned to have hope in God so you can experience joy and peace even in the trials?

Many people equate joy and happiness, but I think there is a key distinction. Happiness is a pleasant feeling that comes from pleasant circumstances. Joy is a similar feeling to happiness, but it comes from knowing God and His love. It is not tied to circumstances. When we have truly put our hope in God we can still have joy in and despite the most horrific circumstances.

Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His great mercy has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, to obtain an inheritance which is imperishable and undefiled and will not fade away, reserved in heaven for you, (1 Peter 1:3-4) {emphasis mine}

Just as Jesus told the Samaritan woman at the well that He provides living water that wells up inside, so that she need never thirst, in the same way believers have a living hope that wells up in times of need. Our hope is in the Creator of the universe and Savior of the world. No problem is too big for Him. No situation is a surprise to Him. No enemy is too powerful for Him. All of our problems are already solved. We just haven’t necessarily seen the solution yet.

My soul, wait in silence for God only,\ For my hope is from Him.\ He only is my rock and my salvation,\ My stronghold; I shall not be shaken.\ On God my salvation and my glory rest;\ The rock of my strength, my refuge is in God. (Psalm 62:5-7)

Despair For Unbelievers

Although believers never have reason to despair, the same is not true for those who have rejected the Savior, Jesus Christ. In these perilous times, they have a real reason for dread and despair.

Moreover, the Lord will scatter you among all peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth; and there you shall serve other gods, wood and stone, which you or your fathers have not known. Among those nations you shall find no rest, and there will be no resting place for the sole of your foot; but there the Lord will give you a trembling heart, failing of eyes, and despair of soul. So your life shall hang in doubt before you; and you will be in dread night and day, and shall have no assurance of your life. (Deuteronomy 64-66)

Those who reject the atoning sacrifice of Jesus do not get His protection. They do not get His help. They cannot rest in hope in Him.

Of course, the good news is that they can chose to turn their hearts to Him, confess their sins, and trust in Him up until their moment of death. Sadly many will continue to put off faith until it is too late. Many will choose evil over good and license over submission until God gives them over to their lusts.

And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper, being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are gossips, slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, without understanding, untrustworthy, unloving, unmerciful; and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, they not only do the same, but also give hearty approval to those who practice them. (Romans 1:28-32)

If any of you have not yet put your trust in Jesus as Savior and Lord, do not wait. Turn away from evil. Submit to the will of Jesus. Trust Him to take away your sins and cover you with His righteousness.

If any of you know people who are in despair, share the gospel with them. Tell them about the greatness of God. Show them the hope that is within you.

Can Believers Despair?

Are there believers who despair? Yes. Should believers ever despair? Definitely not!

But we have this treasure in earthen vessels, so that the surpassing greatness of the power will be of God and not from ourselves; we are afflicted in every way, but not crushed; perplexed, but not despairing; persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed; always carrying about in the body the dying of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus also may be manifested in our body. (2 Corinthians 4:7-10)

Jesus is always with believers in all situations guiding and protecting us. Those difficult situations that happen are for our good, even when we can’t see how it could be for good.

Job had more reasons to despair than almost anyone, yet he trusted in God. He didn’t know why he was being put through such loss, but his loss increased his faith in God and was a great example to people throughout history. I also love this cry of his heart.

“Oh that my words were written!\ Oh that they were inscribed in a book!” (Job 19:23)

He may or may not have seen even the partial fulfillment of this cry, but His words are written in the book of Job, in the Holy Scriptures read by Jews and Christians throughout the world and throughout history. Job’s first response to loss was an example to us all. After losing all ten children and all of his wealth, this was his response.

Then Job arose and tore his robe and shaved his head, and he fell to the ground and worshiped. (Job 1:20)

Yes, it is true that he had moments of despair where he cursed his birth, but he then returned to God in faith and hope. After a brief rebuke from God, Job submitted to God’s will.

“Behold, I am insignificant; what can I reply to You?\ I lay my hand on my mouth.\ Once I have spoken, and I will not answer;\ Even twice, and I will add nothing more.” (Job 40:4-5)

After his second rebuke from God, he fully submitted.

Then Job answered the Lord and said,

“I know that You can do all things,\ And that no purpose of Yours can be thwarted.\ ‘Who is this that hides counsel without knowledge?’\ *Therefore I have declared that which I did not understand,\ Things too wonderful for me, which I did not know.\ ‘Hear, now, and I will speak;\ I will ask You, and You instruct me*.’\ I have heard of You by the hearing of the ear;\ But now my eye sees You;\ Therefore I retract,\ And I repent in dust and ashes**.” (Job 42:1-6) {emphasis mine}

Job admitted that he did not understand what God was doing, but that God was right; God was good; and God was Lord. Job was able to have hope knowing that God was in control and working for good.

In the case of Job, he was later blessed with more kids, more wealth, and more respect than he had in the beginning. We won’t all see our blessings here on earth, but all believers will receive blessings from their trials.

May our glorious Savior and God fill you with faith and hope in God, His goodness, His power, and His plan. May we all submit to His good will even when we do not understand and even when every part of our earthly body is crying, “stop!” May God fill you with knowledge of Him, faith in Him, and hope in Him.

Trust Jesus

@ 812cff5a:5c40aeeb

NIP-01 — الشكل الأساسي للأحداث في نُستر

رقم التعريف (NIP): 01
العنوان: الشكل الأساسي للأحداث
الحالة: نهائي
المؤلف: fiatjaf
التاريخ: 2020-12-10

---

الملخص

هذا المستند يعرّف الشكل القياسي لأي "حدث" يتم تداوله ضمن شبكة نُستر (Nostr).
الهدف من هذا التنسيق هو ضمان إمكانية معالجة وتفسير الأحداث من قبل جميع العملاء والخوادم بطريقة موحّدة.

---

هيكل الحدث

كل حدث عبارة عن كائن يحتوي على الحقول التالية:

{ "id": <معرّف فريد>, "pubkey": <مفتاح عام للمرسل>, "created_at": <تاريخ الإنشاء كرقم UNIX timestamp>, "kind": <نوع الحدث>, "tags": [<قائمة من الوسوم>], "content": <المحتوى>, "sig": <التوقيع الرقمي> }

---

شرح الحقول

• id: سلسلة نصية تمثل SHA-256 لمحتوى الحدث.
• pubkey: المفتاح العام للمستخدم (عادةً 32 بايت بصيغة hex).
• created_at: الطابع الزمني للإنشاء (Unix timestamp).
• kind: رقم يحدد نوع الحدث (مثلاً: منشور، متابعة، إعادة نشر).
• tags: قائمة من الوسوم المرتبطة بالحدث (مثلاً: إشارة إلى مستخدم أو حدث).
• content: المحتوى الأساسي للحدث (نص أو بيانات).
• sig: التوقيع الرقمي الذي يثبت أن المرسل هو صاحب المحتوى.

---

كيفية توليد معرف الحدث id

يتم توليد المعرّف عبر أخذ تمثيل JSON للحدث (بدون الحقول id و sig) ثم حساب التجزئة باستخدام SHA-256.

---

توقيع الحدث

يُوقّع المستخدم الحدث باستخدام مفتاحه الخاص.
هذا التوقيع الرقمي يسمح لأي شخص بالتحقق من صحة الحدث باستخدام المفتاح العام.

---

أنواع الأحداث (kind)

• 0: ملف التعريف (الاسم، الصورة، النبذة).
• 1: منشور عام نصي.
• 2: إعادة نشر.
• 3: قائمة المتابَعين.
• 4: رسالة مشفّرة خاصة.
• أنواع أخرى يمكن إضافتها لاحقًا.

---

الوسوم (Tags)

الوسوم عبارة عن قوائم (arrays) داخل الحدث لتوفير معلومات إضافية.
مثال:

["e", "<معرّف الحدث>"] ["p", "<مفتاح عام لمستخدم>"]

• "e" تشير إلى حدث.
• "p" تشير إلى مستخدم.

---

الخلاصة

NIP-01 هو الأساس الهيكلي لتبادل الأحداث عبر نُستر.
من خلال اتباع هذا الشكل، يمكن لجميع التطبيقات والخوادم العمل معاً بسلاسة، وضمان أمن وموثوقية كل حدث.

@ 5f078e90:b2bacaa3

Sylvi the seahorse

In the coral haven of Azure Bay, a seahorse named Sylvi danced with the tides. Her tail curled around a swaying frond as she watched fish dart by. One dawn, a lost pearl rolled into her nook. Sylvi, curious, nudged it along the reef, meeting crabs and eels who shared tales of the deep. By dusk, she found its oyster home. The pearl gleamed thanks, and Sylvi twirled home, her heart light as foam.

Ignore this test. This was in bold originally.

(380 chars, plain text after Markdown stripping, this was in italics originally)

Originally written on habla.news (on Nostr)

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

Blackstone, the world’s largest alternative asset manager, has entered the Bitcoin space with a $1.08 million investment in BlackRock’s Bitcoin ETF. This is a big deal for both Wall Street and the Bitcoin world.

Blackstone has made its first direct investment in bitcoin through regulated financial products. A May 20, 2025, SEC filing revealed that the firm purchased 23,094 shares of the iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT), BlackRock’s spot Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF).

BlackStone has bought 23,094 shares of BlackRock’s IBIT — SEC

While $1.08 million is a small drop in the bucket compared to Blackstone’s $1.2 trillion in assets under management, this is a big deal for the private equity giant which has been skeptical of bitcoin in the past.

In 2019, the company’s CEO, Steve Schwarzman, said he didn’t understand Bitcoin. “I was raised in a world where someone needs to control currencies,” he said, admitting he struggled to understand the technology.

Fast forward to 2025, and it is now one of the many institutional investors taking bitcoin seriously — but doing so through cautious, regulated channels.

The investment was made through Blackstone’s $2.63 billion Alternative Multi-Strategy Fund (BTMIX), which invests in a wide range of financial instruments.

Instead of buying bitcoin directly, Blackstone chose to get exposure through a bitcoin ETF — which is how many large institutions are approaching the digital asset. Spot Bitcoin ETFs like IBIT allow investors to track the price of bitcoin without having to hold the digital asset itself.

There are several advantages to this approach. ETFs trade like stocks, are regulated by the SEC and take care of complex issues like custody and compliance. This makes them more attractive for firms that are new to Bitcoin or still wary of the risks.

Related: Bitcoin ETFs Provide Convenient Price Exposure, But At What Cost?

Blackstone’s choice of a bitcoin ETF shows how effective these products are at connecting traditional finance to the digital age.

In addition to IBIT, Blackstone also disclosed smaller investments in two other digital-asset-related companies:

• 9,889 shares of the ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BITO), valued at about $181,166.
• 4,300 shares of Bitcoin Depot Inc. (BTM), a bitcoin ATM operator, worth approximately $6,300.

Together, these are a tiny fraction of Blackstone’s portfolio but show growing interest and exploration into the space.

Since its launch in January 2024, BlackRock’s IBIT ETF has become the top-performing Bitcoin ETF in the U.S. As of mid-May 2025, the fund has seen over $46.1 billion in net inflows with no outflows since early April.

IBIT is ahead of other major ETFs like Fidelity’s FBTC and ARK’s 21Shares Bitcoin ETF.

But the trend is clear: big firms are getting comfortable with regulated bitcoin products. Industry insiders see Blackstone’s move as part of a broader shift in institutional sentiment towards bitcoin.

This is a small investment but it matters because of who is making it. Blackstone is known for being conservative and risk-averse.

Its decision to put even a tiny amount of capital into Bitcoin ETFs means tradfi companies are getting more confident in bitcoin as an asset class. Blackstone is dipping its toe in the water, and even a small step is significant given its size and influence.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Adam Back Said It’s Still Early For the Retail Investors To Buy Bitcoin

At the 2025 Bitcoin Conference in Las Vegas, the Head of Firmwide Research at Galaxy Digital Alex Thorn, Founder and Managing Partner of Pantera Capital Dan Morehead, Managing Partner, CEO, CIO of 10T Holdings + 1RoundTable Partners Dan Tapiero and the Co-founder & CEO of Blockstream Adam Back discussed the future of Bitcoin treasury companies.

Dan Tapiero started by sharing his opinion on how he sees Bitcoin in comparison to gold: 

“I really have always believed in that physical ownership that the individual has the right and should be able to own his own asset and so I started this physical gold business years ago,” said Tapiero. “I think our focus today is further adoption and the elevation of Bitcoin. I think the understanding of Bitcoin as an important asset.”

Adam Back was asked what he thought about Bitcoin treasury companies and he responded, “in effect, Blockstream is one of the first Bitcoin treasury companies. We have been around since 2014 and we work with our investors to put Bitcoin in a balance sheet back then and since then. I think the way to look at the treasury companies is Bitcoin is effectively the harder rate. It’s very hard to outperform Bitcoin most people that invest in things since Bitcoin around thought I should put that in Bitcoin and not in the other thing.”

Then Adam continued by explaining what treasury companies do.

“That’s why you get companies switching to the Bitcoin standard because it’s the only way for them to keep up with Bitcoin,” stated Back. ”They start with a Bitcoin capital base. They use the operating in-revenue to buy more Bitcoin and then they are able to participate in this kind of micro arbitrage.”

Finishing the panel, Alex Thorn asked, “Five years from now what is the price of Bitcoin?”

Dan Morehead predicted $750,000k, Tapiero $1,000,000 and Back said, “a million easy.”

Adam back closed by saying, “It’s still early for the retail investors.”

You can watch the full panel discussion and the rest of the Bitcoin 2025 Conference Day 2 below:

This post Adam Back Said It’s Still Early For the Retail Investors To Buy Bitcoin first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

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Deutschland ist eines der wenigen Länder mit einer gesetzlich verankerten ausnahmslosen Schulbesuchspflicht. Mit den Schulschließungen in der Corona-Zeit wurde das Gesetz jedoch faktisch plötzlich außer Kraft gesetzt. Alle mussten zu Hause lernen. Als die Schulen danach wieder offen waren, wurden die Kinder mit Maskenpflicht, Tests und Impfdruck gequält. Nicht selten traten bei den Schülern Krankheiten und psychische Störungen auf. Nicht wenige Eltern suchten im Gespräch mit dem Lehrerkollegium nach Lösungen für ihre Kinder. In den meisten Fällen war das nicht möglich. Die Lehrer waren auf die neue Ideologie und die Durchsetzung der Maßnahmen eingeschworen und hatten Angst. Einige Eltern haben ihre Kinder dann in eigener Verantwortung aus der Schule genommen und zu Hause selbst unterrichtet. An manchen Orten fanden sich Gemeinschaften, wo die Kinder in Gruppen lernten. Während viele Lerngemeinschaften nicht mehr existieren, hat die Familie von Katharina den Unterricht für ihre drei Kinder in Eigenregie etabliert. Inzwischen haben sie dafür sogar „den Segen“ von Familiengericht und Jugendamt.

Katharina und Johannes leben mit ihren drei Wunschkindern Aurelius (15), Benjamin (14) und Friedrich (10) in einem Vorort von Leipzig. Die Familie wohnte früher in der Stadt. In der Corona-Zeit haben sie sich mit dem Physiotherapie- & Seminarzentrum Curasanus eine Existenz auf dem Land aufgebaut und begehen diesen Sommer ihr 20-jähriges Praxis-Jubiläum. Katharina hat ihre Arbeit als Physiotherapeutin weitgehend aufgegeben, um sich als Mama und Lernbegleiterin ihren Kindern widmen zu können. Daneben bietet sie Vorträge und Workshops an, übernimmt einen großen Teil der Praxis-Organisation und ist Manager, Rezeptionistin und Vertriebler der eigenen Firma. Wir besuchten einen ihrer Lachyoga-Kurse. Dabei erlebten wir ihr Zusammenspiel mit den drei Kindern. Anschließend stellten wir Katharina unsere Fragen zum Freilernen.

Im unmittelbaren Umfeld wird die Familie bestaunt und geachtet. Sie haben sich bewusst für das Freilernen entschieden. Die Kinder wurden ohne Test nicht mehr in die Schule gelassen. Auch andere Zwangsmaßnahmen wie die Maske wollten die Eltern den Kindern ersparen. Besonders Benjamin hatte traumatische Erlebnisse. Seine Lehrerin schmiss mit dem Schlüssel nach den Schülern und wandte andere schwarze Pädagogik an. Er ging ständig mit Bauchschmerzen ins Bett. Ein weiterer Punkt ist die Masernimpfung. Die Kinder könnten zwar zur Schule gehen, aber die Eltern werden mit rechtlichen Maßnahmen und Zwangszahlungen belegt. Da Katharina in ihrer Praxis viele Erkrankungen als Folge der Masernimpfung beobachten konnte, lehnt sie die Pflichtimpfung ab. Die Eltern haben kein Vertrauen mehr in die staatliche Schulerziehung mit all dem Zwang und den Erpressungen. Als die Familie den Entschluss gefasst hatte, die Kinder nicht mehr in die Schule zu schicken, haben sie ihre Praxis vorübergehend geschlossen, ihr Haus verkauft und sind auf Reisen gegangen. Die beiden großen Kinder wurden von der Schule abgemeldet. Nach der Rückkehr haben sie dann mit einem neuen Leben auf dem Land begonnen.

Lernen ohne Schule: Wie geht das?

„Wissen ist Macht und eine Holschuld“, sagt uns Katharina. Das ist ihr Motto und motiviert auch die Kinder. Mit dem Unterricht zu Hause macht die Familie ihre eigene Studie und zeigt, dass Lernen auch anders geht als in der Schule. Die Eltern können viel besser auf jedes einzelne Kind eingehen. Johannes arbeitete früher als Straßenbauer. Er unterstützt die Jungs vor allem in Mathematik, Geometrie und Physik sowie bei handwerklichen Fertigkeiten. Katharinas Stärken liegen in Deutsch, Sprachen und Organisation. Unter den Patienten ihrer Praxis gibt es Lehrer, die ihnen helfen. Weitere Unterstützung kommt von Freunden und Bekannten. Bei bestimmten Projekten treffen sie auf andere Freilernerkinder. „Das Netzwerk wird immer größer, es wird immer schöner und interessanter“, sagt Katharina. Man geht mit vielen anderen einen gemeinsamen Weg, verlässt dabei eingetretene Pfade und erkundet neue Themenfelder wie Mediengestaltung, freie Energie, Elektrotherapie, meditatives und Improvisations-Zeichnen. „Ich sprudele vor Ideen. Sie kommen in mein Feld, und dann mache ich was draus“, sagt Katharina. Die Jungs sind in Wurzen im Ringelnatz-Literaturkreis. Dort schreiben sie Drehbuchgeschichten und haben einen Film produziert. Sie suchen sich Projekte oder kreieren neue, wie mit dem Planetarium Eilenburg. Diese Zusammenarbeit hat sich sehr gut entwickelt. Dort lernen 4- bis 15-Jährige zusammen. Die drei Jungs spielen Klavier. Erdkunde und Geschichte erleben die Kinder auch dadurch, dass die Familie Hauptstädte oder die bosnischen Pyramiden selbst erkundet. Dabei erweist es sich als Vorteil, nicht auf die Ferienzeiten angewiesen zu sein.

Als Physiotherapeutin ist Katharina bewusst, dass man neue Lernstrategien entwickeln muss. Die Kinder lernen unterschiedlich. Jedes Kind hat seinen eigenen Charakter. Aurelius benötigt eher eine 1:1-Betreuung. Darauf kann Katharina viel individueller eingehen als die staatliche Schule. Es ist aber auch aufwendiger und anstrengender. Besonderen Wert legt sie darauf, dass rechte und linke Gehirnhälfte gleichmäßig beansprucht werden. Lernphasen werden immer wieder mit Entspannungs- oder Bewegungsphasen kombiniert. Sie weiß, dass den Kindern zuerst die Grundlagen des Lesens, Rechnens und Schreibens vermittelt werden müssen. Dann sind sie in der Lage, sich alles Weitere selbst anzueignen – Unterstützung vorausgesetzt. „Besonders das Schreiben mit der eigenen Hand ist wichtig für die Vernetzung der beiden Gehirnhälften“, sagt Katharina. Dafür nehmen sich die Eltern Zeit. Die Kinder führen Tagebuch. Außerdem halten es die Eltern für wichtig, den Kindern Werte und Tugenden wie Dankbarkeit, Verlässlichkeit, Beharrlichkeit, Aufrichtigkeit, Ehrlichkeit und die zehn Gebote zu vermitteln. Katharina und Johannes sind beide religiös begleitet aufgewachsen. Heute sehen sie die Kirche als Institution kritisch. Angebunden an die Schöpfung und im Gottvertrauen erschaffen und schöpfen sie Leben und Lebensraum aus eigener Kraft – so erklärt es uns Katharina.

Ein weiteres Thema sind die Funktionen des Körpers und wie sich die Kinder gesund erhalten können. Vieles lernen sie dabei in der Physiotherapiepraxis. Die Familie hat das Privileg, in ihrem eigenen Biorhythmus leben zu können. „Das macht sehr viel aus – wir sind alle gesund“, sagt Katharina. Der Lern- und Arbeitstag beginnt nicht vor 9 Uhr und hat eine eigene Struktur. Im Tagesablauf sind feste Verantwortlichkeiten integriert. So wechseln sich die Kinder aller drei Tage mit Tischdecken, Staubsaugen und Geschirrspüler ab. Das hilft ihnen, sich selbst zu organisieren. Das geht nicht immer reibungslos vonstatten. Wenn das Lernpensum beizeiten abgearbeitet wurde, helfen die Kinder im Haushalt oder Garten oder gehen ihrem Bewegungsdrang auf andere Weise nach. Die Eltern sind am Abend noch länger aktiv, denn die Praxis erfordert noch die eine oder andere bürokratische Pflicht. Die Familie ist sehr naturverbunden. Sie gehen viel in den Wald und in den Garten. Sie bauen selbst Gemüse und Obst an. Dabei können die Kinder zum Beispiel Erfahrungen mit Permakultur und natürlicher Düngung sammeln. Die Familie achtet auf die Ernährung, schließlich ist Katharina seit fast 25 Jahren Ernährungsberaterin. Was sie nicht selbst anbauen, wird beim Bauern des Vertrauens eingekauft. Die Jungs können selbst kochen und backen. Die Schädlichkeit von Zucker ist den Kindern schon bewusst geworden, ohne gänzlich auf Schokolade verzichten zu müssen. Medikamente gibt es im Haushalt nicht. Sie kennen sich sehr gut mit den Heilmitteln aus der Natur aus und können so ihre Selbstheilungskräfte aktivieren. Sie haben keinen Hausarzt. Natürlich hat keines der Kinder ein Handy. Bisher haben sie noch kein Verlangen danach. Die Eltern halten es für wichtig, dass die Kinder erst sicher bei Selbstorganisation und Tagesstruktur sind, bevor sie ein Handy bekommen. Katharina weist darauf hin, dass beispielsweise WhatsApp erst ab 16 Jahren zugelassen ist, und fragt sich, ob das andere Eltern wissen.

Gesetze auf Augenhöhe auslegen

Den Behörden blieben die Freilerner nicht verborgen. Sie wurden aktiv und schalteten das Familiengericht ein. Die Familie hatte keinen Anwalt und keine Rechtsschutzversicherung. Katharina erzählt uns, dass sie schließlich auf „Hilfe von oben“ gehofft habe. Irgendwer hat sie anscheinend erhört, denn sie bekamen „einen Engel“ als Verfahrensbeistand. Die Behörden waren sehr zugänglich. In den Gesprächen gab man zu, mit der Schulsituation ebenfalls nicht zufrieden zu sein. „Wir wollen so wie ihr, dass sich etwas verändert. Wir sind an Eurer Seite.“ Die Gespräche mit dem Jugendamt und der Richterin vom Familiengericht Grimma waren immer auf Augenhöhe. Schließlich legte man der Familie keine Steine in den Weg. Damit kann Katharina ihr Konzept nach außen leben und andere inspirieren. Ihre Schlussfolgerung: Eltern müssen sich ihrer Stärken bewusst werden und aus ihrer Angst herauskommen. Das Konzept muss aber zur Familie passen, denn jede Familie ist anders.

Die Basis für freies Lernen ist das Vertrauen der Eltern in ihre Kinder. Denn Kinder sind von Natur aus wissbegierig und wollen lernen. Katharina hat viel von Bertrand Stern und von Riccardo Leppe gelernt. Beiden wurde von ihren Eltern das Lernen ohne Schulbesuch ermöglicht. Mit Bertrand Stern hat Katharina Kontakt. Er wird im November am Buß- und Bettag eine kleine Fortbildung im Therapie- und Seminarzentrum geben. Für den Vorabend ist ein Vortrag geplant. Katharina zitiert Riccardo Leppe: „Es ändert sich nur was, wenn man es selbst tut.“ Er sei sich sicher, dass der Fortschritt beim Freilernen inzwischen so weit ist, dass „die Paste nicht wieder zurück in die Tube geht“.

Der Übergang zur Berufsausbildung

Die ersten Freilernerkinder kommen jetzt in das Alter, in dem sie eine Berufsausbildung beginnen können. Aurelius und Benjamin, die beiden „Großen“, machen seit Anfang des Jahres schon erste Praktika bei ortsansässigen Handwerksbetrieben. Beide Seiten sind sehr zufrieden. Durch die Praktika, die länger dauern als im schulischen Lehrplan vorgesehen, können sich die Kinder ausprobieren. Katharina findet es interessant miterleben zu dürfen, wie auf ihre Kinder reagiert wird. Bringen sie etwas mit, das die anderen nicht haben? Denken sie anders mit? Benjamin bekam schon ein Angebot, in einem Metallbau-Betrieb stundenweise mitzuarbeiten. In den Betrieben weiß man, dass die Abschlüsse der staatlichen Schulen größtenteils das Papier nicht wert sind, auf dem sie stehen. Viele verlassen die Schule und können kaum lesen und schreiben, von Selbstorganisation ganz zu schweigen. Ein Freilerner kann eine staatliche Externen-Prüfung ablegen, um einen Haupt- oder Realschulabschluss zu erwerben. Katharina: „Für eine Ausbildung bei einem privaten Unternehmer braucht man das nicht, allein der Unternehmer entscheidet über die Aufnahme des Auszubildenden“. Außerdem stehen den jungen Leuten Privatschulen oder der zweite Bildungsweg zur Verfügung. Wenn man einen praktischen Beruf ergreift, ist es immer noch möglich, sich bis zur Hochschulreife weiterzubilden. Nach mehrjährigen Tätigkeiten kann man bei den Kammern von Industrie, Handel und Handwerk (IHK und HWK) eine Abschlussprüfung ablegen, mit der man zum Studium zugelassen werden kann. Oder man geht gleich den Weg in die Selbstständigkeit.

Frei lernen weitergedacht

Während der Coronazeit haben sich in Sachsen und speziell um Leipzig herum kleine Freilernergruppen gefunden. Die Gruppen werden aktuell zusammengeführt, um zum Beispiel gemeinsam den Mathematikunterricht zu gestalten. Besonders um Dresden herum ist die Szene noch stärker ausgeprägt. Außerdem gibt es seit mehr als 20 Jahren den Bundesverband Natürlich Lernen (BVNL). Er bietet Beratung und zentrale Veranstaltungen an.

Der Wunsch nach dem freien Lernen ohne Schulzwang ist groß. Doch die meisten Eltern wollen ihre Kinder dafür irgendwo abgeben und nicht selbst unterrichten. Katharinas größter Wunsch ist es, drei bis fünf Elternpaare zu finden, die sich in die Betreuung und Unterrichtung ihrer Kinder teilen. Das größte Hindernis dafür sieht sie in den Eltern selbst. Durch ungelöste transgenerative Konflikte und unverarbeitete Familientraumata kommen sie noch nicht in ihre eigene Kraft für ein selbstbestimmtes Leben. Viele wagen es noch nicht, ihre Erwerbstätigkeit zugunsten der Kinder einzuschränken. Katharina sieht es als große Aufgabe für sich und ihre Familie, mit dem Freilernen das Gemeinschaftsbewusstsein und gute Konfliktlösungsstrategien zu entwickeln. Sie denkt dabei bereits an ihre Enkel. Aber sie weiß auch, dass die Eltern ein sehr hohes Maß an Eigeninitiative, Motivation und Selbstdisziplin aufbringen müssen. Sie würde Eltern, die sich das noch nicht zutrauen, als Traumabegleiterin zur Verfügung stehen, für einen angemessenen Energieausgleich. Diese gegenseitige Unterstützung käme Kindern und Eltern zugute. Ebenso hält sie die Idee der Mehrgenerationenerziehung für wichtig. Dabei profitieren nicht nur die Kinder. Die Erfahrungen der älteren Menschen gehen nicht verloren, sondern werden an die jüngeren Generationen weitergegeben und machen sie resilienter. Das hilft den Eltern, ihrer Erwerbsarbeit nachzugehen und Familientraumata zu bewältigen.

Katharina ist eine starke Frau und sprüht nur so vor Energie. Selbst als wir nach 21 Uhr das Therapiezentrum verlassen, sind ihr die Anstrengungen des Tages nicht anzumerken. Sie wird nicht müde beim Sprechen. Für Fragen zum Thema Freilernen kann man sich an sie wenden.

Der Text wurde zuerst am 27.05.2025 im Blog „Freie Akademie für Medien und Journalismus“ veröffentlicht (https://www.freie-medienakademie.de/medien-plus/lernen-neu-gemacht)

Bildquelle: Salah Darwish, unsplash.com

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In order to see your reflection in the water, the water must be still.

If the water is agitated you can't see yourself clearly.

The same goes with your thoughts.

In order to think clearly, your mind must be still, or at rest.

If your mind is disturbed, you will not think clearly.

What causes the disturbances? Many things, such as: - Expectations - Emotions - Pride - Ignorance and so forth...

I want to focus in expectations in this article.

The problem with expectations is that they may be fulfilled or may not, not only that, they blind you to other opportunities happening right in your face.

If you expect to achieve "success" by going in path X, you will be so focused in this path you will not see that the path Y is better, easier and faster than the path X.

You cannot control anything but yourself.

So why create goals and plans if they can be easily crushed by the unknown?

It is better to surf in the wave of the unknown, rather than swim against it.

Not only that, what you want constantly changes.

I don't know what I will want in 5 minutes, imagine trying to guess what I will want in years.

I may be wrong in what I am saying, but I tried to swim against the unknown and I perished, therefore it's time to fully embrace the unknown, to fully embrace the chaos and see what happens.

@ 005bc4de:ef11e1a2

BIP-2,100,000,000,000,000,000

So, you're telling me...

• 21 million bitcoins is out, and...
• 2.1 quadrillion sats is in, except that...
• sats are out, so...
• 2.1 quadrillion bitcoins is in, except that...
• there are actually millisats, but...
• millisats are out, so...
• millibitcoins are in, so now...
• there are 2.1 quintillion millibitcoins, except that...
• millibitcoins are the basic base unit of bitcoin, so...
• millibitcoins are out, and now...
• 2.1 quintillion bitcoins are in