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@ 3c7dc2c5:805642a8
2025-05-24 22:05:00đ§ Quote(s) of the week:
'The Cantillon Effect: When new money is printed, those closest to the source (banks, elites) benefit first, buying assets before prices rise. Others lose purchasing power as inflation hits later. If people find out how this works, they will riot.' -Bitcoin for Freedom
Just think about it. Your employer gives you a 5% raise. The Fed (central banks in general) prints 7% more dollars/euros/Fiat. You just got a 2% pay cut. This isn't a conspiracy theory. This is how fiat money steals from the working class every single day. This is why I support Bitcoin.
Anilsaidso: 'Saving in fiat currency is no longer an option. A 2% inflation rate means you lose 1/3 of your purchasing power over 20yrs. At 5% inflation, you lose 60%. And at 10% you've burnt 85%. Reduce your uncertainty. Save in Bitcoin.' https://i.ibb.co/N661BdVp/Gr-Rwdg-OXc-AAWPVE.jpg
đ§ĄBitcoin newsđ§Ą
âEducation increases conviction.
Conviction increases allocation.
Allocation increases freedom.â âGigi
https://i.ibb.co/Q3trHk8Y/Gr-Arv-Ioa-AAAF5b0.jpg
On the 12th of May:
âĄď¸Google searches for "Digital Gold" are at all-time highs. Bitcoin Croesus: "This is the second wave of the Digital Revolution - the digitization of value to complement the Internet's digitization of information. It wasn't possible to own a slice of the Internet itself, but it is possible with Bitcoin, the internet of value." "...It feels like you're late to Bitcoin. But this is a bigger game playing out than most realize, and we are much earlier than casual observers know. If you're reading this, you're here on the frontier early. And you have a chance to stake a claim before 99% of the world shows up. This is a land grab. This is the digital gold rush. Make your descendants proud."
https://i.ibb.co/5XXbNQ8S/Gqw-X4-QRWs-AEd5-Uh-1.jpg
âĄď¸ 'A new holding company âNakamotoâ just raised $710 million to buy more Bitcoin and will merge with KindlyMD to establish a Bitcoin Treasury company. Saylor playbook!' - Bitcoin Archive
âĄď¸American Bitcoin, backed by Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump, will go public via an all-stock merger with Gryphon Digital Mining. Post-merger, Trump affiliates and Hut 8 will retain 98% ownership. GRYP tripled to $2.19, Hut 8 jumped 11% to $15.45. The deal closes in Q3 2025.
âĄď¸Phoenix Wallet: 'Phoenix 0.6.0 is out: offers can now have a custom description simple close (set an exact mutual close tx fee rate) native support for Linux arm64 This is the server version. Phoenix mobile release is around the corner. '
On the 13th of May:
âĄď¸Corporate Bitcoin purchases have now outweighed the supply of new Bitcoin by 3.3x in 2025. https://i.ibb.co/fVdgQhyY/Gq1ck-XRXUAAsg-Ym.jpg
âĄď¸ Publicly listed Next Technology disclosed buying 5,000 Bitcoin for $180m, now HODLs 5,833 $BTC worth +$600m.
âĄď¸ After rejecting the Arizona Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Act, Governor Katie Hobbs vetoed Bill SB 1373, which proposed a digital asset reserve fund. "Current volatility in the cryptocurrency markets does not make a prudent fit for general fund dollars."
âĄď¸Meanwhile in Paris, France the kidnapping of a woman with her 2-year-old child morning on the streets of Paris - the target is allegedly the daughter of a crypto CEO. 3 masked men tried forcing them into a fake delivery van, before being fought off by her partner and bystanders. One of whom grabbed a dropped gun and aimed it back.
âĄď¸ 'Bitcoin illiquid supply hit a new all-time high of $1.4B Are you HODLing too, anon?' - Bitcoin News
âĄď¸Why Coinbase entering the S&P 500 matters. Boomers will have Bitcoin / CrApTo exposure, whether they like it or not. Anyway, remember what happened in 2021. The COIN IPO, and theyâre still trading about 35% below their IPO-day high. Oh and please read the 'Coinbase" hack below haha.
âĄď¸ Nasdaq listed GD Culture Group to sell up to $300 million shares to buy Bitcoin.
âĄď¸ A Bitcoin wallet untouched since April 2014 just moved 300 BTC worth $31M for the first time in 11 years. This is how you HODL.
âĄď¸ Bitcoin's realized price is steadily increasing, mirroring behaviors seen in past bull markets, according to CryptoQuant.
âĄď¸ Bitcoin whales and sharks (10-10K BTC) accumulated 83,105 BTC in the last 30 days, while small retail holders (<0.1 BTC) sold 387 BTC, according to Santiment.
Bitcoin Whales have been AGGRESSIVELY accumulating BTC recently! With at least 240,000+ Bitcoin transferred to wallets with at least 100 BTC. The largest market participants are trying to buy as much as possible, what do they think comes next...
âĄď¸'The average cost of mining 1 BTC for miners is currently $36.8K. The spread between the current market price and the cost of one coin = 182%. This is essentially the average profitability. This corresponds to the beginning of the bull cycle in November 2022 and the peaks of this cycle >$100K. A price increase above this level will allow miners to fully recover after the last halving and reach excess profits comparable to the beginning of the bull rally in January 2023.' -Axel Adler Jr.
âĄď¸ Remember last week's segment on Coinbase..."Coinbase just disclosed in their Q1 filing: that they have custody of 2.68 million Bitcoin. Thatâs over 13% of all Bitcoin in circulation, on one platform. Is this the greatest honeypot in financial history? Yes, it is...read next week's Weekly Bitcoin update."
Well, here you go.
Coinbase estimates $180-$400 million in losses, remediation costs, and reimbursement following todayâs cyber attack. https://i.ibb.co/jkysLtZ1/Gq-C7zl-W4-AAJ0-N6.jpg
Coinbase didn't get hacked. Coinbase employees sold customer data on the black market. Coinbase failed to protect customer data. This is why KYC is useless. The criminals have our driver's license scans. They have AI tools that can generate fake images and videos. KYC puts our identities at risk, makes onboarding more difficult, and rewards criminals. To make it even worse. Coinbase knew about the hack as early as January but only disclosed it publicly after being added to the S&P 500.
I will say it one more time! Don't buy your Bitcoin on KYC exchanges. KYC means handing over your identity to be leaked, sold, or extorted.
It was 2 days ago, see the bit on the 13th of May, that we saw a violent attack in Paris. Minimize the data you share with centralized tools. Store as much as you can locally. Always ask yourself what data am I giving and to whom? Remove the need for trust.
And for the love of God, Allah, or whatever god you are praying to...
DON'T LEAVE YOUR COINS ON A FREAKING EXCHANGE!!!!
Clear!
âĄď¸ Sam Callahan: Bitcoin CAGRs over rolling four-year holding periods since 2012:
10th percentile: 33%
25th percentile: 50% 40th percentile: 75%
Said differently, for 90% of the time, Bitcoinâs four-year CAGR was higher than 33%. For comparison, here are the single best four-year CAGRs over the same period for:
Gold: 17%
Silver: 20%
S&P 500: 24%
Apple: 52%
Two lessons here:
1.) Even when Bitcoin underperforms, it still outperforms.
2.) Bitcoin holding goals are best measured in halving cycles.'
https://i.ibb.co/9m6q2118/Gq1-Ie2-Ob-AAIJ8-Kf.jpg
âĄď¸ Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft has bought 96,870 Strategyâż stocks for 30 Million dollars at an Average Price Of $310 Per Share In Q1 2025, Their Total Holdings Is 518,000 Shares Worth Over 214 Million Dollars.
âĄď¸Senator Lummis urges the U.S. Treasury to eliminate taxes on unrealized gains for Bitcoin.
On the 14th of May:
âĄď¸At $168,000, Bitcoin will surpass Microsoft, the world's largest company.
âĄď¸Fidelity tells institutions to buy Bitcoin if they canât match Bitcoinâs 65% return on capital.
âĄď¸Michigan has adopted House Resolution 100, declaring May 13 2025 as "Digital Asset Awareness Day." The resolution encourages "activities and programs that foster a deeper understanding of digital assets and their impact on our society and economy."
âĄď¸Publicly traded Vinanz raises funding to buy $2 million in #Bitcoin assets.
âĄď¸Bitcoin News: "Investor Jim Chanos is shorting MicroStrategy while going long on Bitcoin, calling the stock overvalued relative to its BTC holdings. âWeâre selling MicroStrategy and buying Bitcoin, basically buying something for $1 and selling it for $2.50," he told CNBC
On the 15th of May:
âĄď¸The Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth fund disclosed owning $511 million in Bitcoin through BlackRockâs ETF.
âĄď¸UK public company Coinsilium Group raises ÂŁ1.25 million to adopt a Bitcoin treasury strategy.
âĄď¸Chinese Textile company Addentax issues stock to buy 8,000 Bitcoin.
âĄď¸14 US states have reported $632m in $MSTR exposure for Q1, in public retirement and treasury funds. A collective increase of $302m in one quarter. The average increase in holding size was 44%.
âĄď¸Chinese public company DDC Enterprise to adopt a Bitcoin Reserve with 5,000 BTC.
On the 16th of May:
âĄď¸Brazilian listed company MĂŠliuz buys $28.4 million Bitcoin to become the nation's first Bitcoin Treasury Company. Shareholders voted to approve the strategy by an "overwhelming majority".
âĄď¸13F Filings show Texas Retirement System owns MSTR. The day MSTR enters the S&P 500, every pension fund will follow.
âĄď¸'Wealthy Investors Shift Up to 5% into Bitcoin as confidence in fiat falters. UBS, a Swiss banking giant says Bitcoin and digital assets are becoming key hedges against inflation and systemic risk, marking a dramatic shift in modern portfolio strategy.' -CarlBMenger
âĄď¸River: "Above all, Bitcoin is money for the people." https://i.ibb.co/Jj8MVQwr/Gr-Ew-EPp-XAAA1-TVN.jpg
On the 17th of May:
âĄď¸Illicit activity is now down to 0.14% of transaction volume across all crypto.
Context: World Bank, IMF suggests 1.5â4% of global GDP is laundered yearly through traditional banking Of that 0.14%:
63% of illicit trade was stablecoins.
13% was Bitcoin (declining each year)
Source: The 2025 Crypto Crime Report, Chainalysis 2025
Yet another confirmation that Bitcoin's use in facilitating illicit activities is a rounding error on a rounding error.
On the 18th of May:
âĄď¸JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon said they will allow clients to buy Bitcoin. The repeal of SAB 121 is a bigger deal than most realize. âI will fire any employee buying or trading Bitcoin for being stupidâ - Jamie Dimon (2017) https://i.ibb.co/b5tnkb15/Gr-Vxxc-OXk-AA7cyo.jpg
On the 19th of May.
âĄď¸Bookmark the following stuff from Daniel Batten if you want to combat climate change (fanatics)...
'That Bitcoin mining is not only not harmful, but beneficial to the environment is now supported by:
7 independent reports
20 peer-reviewed papers
As a result * 90% of climate-focused magazines * 87.5% of media coverage on Bitcoin & the environment is now positive * source 7 independent reports https://x.com/DSBatten/status/1922666207754281449⌠* 20 peer-reviewed papers https://x.com/DSBatten/status/1923014527651615182⌠* 10 climate-focused magazines https://x.com/DSBatten/status/1919518338092323260⌠* 16 mainstream media articles https://x.com/DSBatten/status/1922628399551434755
âĄď¸Saifedean Ammous: '5 years ago at the height of corona hysteria, everyone worried about their savings.
If you put $10,000 in "risk-free" long-term US government bonds, you'd have $6,000 today.
If you put the $10,000 in "risky speculative tulip" bitcoin, you'd have $106,000.
HFSP, bondcucks!'
I love how Saifedean always put it so eloquently. haha
âĄď¸An Australian judge rules Bitcoin is âjust another form of money.â This could make it exempt from capital gains tax. Potentially opening the door to millions in refunds across the country. - AFR
If upheld, the decision could trigger up to $1B in refunds and overturn the Australian Tax Officeâs crypto tax approach.
âĄď¸Publicly traded Vinanz buys 16.9 Bitcoin for $1.75 Million for their treasury.
âĄď¸Bitcoin just recorded its highest weekly close ever, while the Global Economic Policy Uncertainty Index hit its highest level in history.
âĄď¸4 in 5 Americans want the U.S. to convert part of its gold reserves to Bitcoin. - The Nakamoto Project
"or background, the survey question was: "Assuming the United States was thinking of converting some of their gold reserves into Bitcoin, what percentage would you advise they convert?" Respondents were provided a slider used to choose between 0% and 100%. Our survey consisted of a national sample of 3,345 respondents recruited in partnership with Qualtrics, a survey and data collection company"
Context: https://x.com/thetrocro/status/1924552097565180107 https://i.ibb.co/fGDw06MC/Gr-VYDIdb-AAI7-Kxd.jpg
âĄď¸Michael Saylor's STRATEGY bought another $764.9m Bitcoin. They now HODL 576,230 Bitcoin, acquired for $40.18 billion at $69,726 per Bitcoin.
âĄď¸The German Government sold 49,858 BTC for $2.89B, at an average price of $57,900. If they had held it, their BTC would now be worth $5.24B.
âĄď¸A record 63% of all the Bitcoin that exist have not transacted or moved from their wallets this year. - Wicked
https://i.ibb.co/j9nvbvmP/Gq3-Z-x6-Xw-AAv-Bhg.jpg
đ¸Traditional Finance / Macro:
On the 12th of May:
đđ˝The S&P 500 has closed more than 20% above its April low, technically beginning a new bull market. We are now up +1,000 points in one month.
On the 13th of May:
đđ˝ Nvidia announces a partnership with Humain to build "AI factories of the future" in Saudi Arabia. Just one hour ago, Saudi Arabia signed an economic agreement with President Trump to invest $600 billion in the US.
đŚBanks:
đđ˝ No news
đMacro/Geopolitics:
On the 12th of May:
đđ˝Huge pressure is on the European Union to reach a trade deal. Equities and commodities bounce hard on news of China-US trade deal. "We have reached an agreement on a 90-day pause and substantially moved down the tariff levels â both sides, on the reciprocal tariffs, will move their tariffs down 115%." - Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent
Dollar and Yuan strong bounce. Gold corrects.
đđ˝After reaching a high of 71% this year, recession odds are now back down to 40%. The odds of the US entering a recession in 2025 fall to a new low of 40% following the US-China trade deal announcement.
đđ˝'Truly incredible:
- Trump raises tariffs: Yields rise because inflation is back
- Trump cuts tariffs: Yields rise because growth is back
- Trump does nothing: Yields rise because the Fed won't cut rates Today, the bond market becomes Trump and Bessent's top priority.' - TKL
President Trumpâs biggest problem persists even as trade deals are announced. Tariffs have been paused for 90 days, the US-China trade deal has been announced, and inflation data is down. Yet, the 10Y yield is nearing 4.50% again. Trump needs lower rates, but rates wonât fall.
đđ˝Last week a lot of talk on Japanâs Debt Death Spiral: Japanâs 40-year yield is detonating and the myth of consequence-free debt just died with it. One of the best explanations, you can read here:
đđ˝Michael A. Arouet: 'Eye-opening chart. Can a country with a services-based economy remain a superpower? Building back US manufacturing base makes a lot of strategic and geopolitical sense.' https://i.ibb.co/Q3zJY9Fc/Gqxc6-Pt-WQAI73c.jpg
On the 13th of May:
đđ˝There is a possibility of a âbig, beautifulâ economic rebalancing, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent says at an investment forum in Saudi Arabia. The âdream scenarioâ would be if China and the US can work together on rebalancing, he adds
Luke Gromen: It does roll off the tongue a whole lot nicer than "We want to significantly devalue USD v. CNY, via a gold reference point."
Ergo: The price of gold specifically would rise in USD much more than it would in CNY, while prices for other goods and services would not, or would do so to a lesser degree.
đđ˝ Dutch inflation rises to 4.1 percent in April | CBS â final figure. Unchanged compared to the estimate.
đđ˝Philipp Heimberger: This interesting new paper argues that cuts to taxes on top incomes disproportionately benefit the financial sector. The finance industry gains more from top-income tax cuts than other industries. "Cuts in top income tax rates increase the (relative) size of the financial sector"
Kinda obvious, innit?
đđ˝US CPI data released. Overall good results and cooler than expected month-over-month and year-over-year (outside of yearly core). U.S. inflation is down to 2.3%, lower than expected.
On the 14th of May:
đđ˝'The US government cannot afford a recession: In previous economic cycles, the US budget deficit widened by ~4% of GDP on average during recessions. This would imply a ~$1.3 trillion deterioration of US government finances if a recession hits in 2025. That said, if the US enters a recession, long-term interest rates will likely go down.
A 2-percentage-point decrease in interest rates would save ~$568 billion in annual interest payments. However, this means government finances would worsen by more than DOUBLE the amount saved in interest due to a recession. An economic downturn would be incredibly costly for the US government.' -TKL
On the 15th of May:
đđ˝'In the Eurozone and the UK, households hold more than 30% of their financial assets in fiat currencies and bank deposits. This means that they (unknowingly?) allow inflation to destroy their purchasing power. The risks of inflation eating up your wealth increase in a debt-driven economic system characterized by fiscal dominance, where interest rates are structurally low and inflation levels and risks are high. There is so much forced and often failed regulation to increase financial literacy, but this part is never explained. Why is that, you think?' - Jeroen Blokland https://i.ibb.co/zWRpNqhz/Gq-jn-Bn-X0-AAmplm.png
On the 16th of May:
đđ˝'For the first time in a year, Japan's economy shrank by -0.7% in Q1 2025. This is more than double the decline expected by economists. Furthermore, this data does NOT include the reciprocal tariffs imposed on April 2nd. Japan's economy is heading for a recession.' -TKL
đđ˝'246 US large companies have gone bankrupt year-to-date, the most in 15 years. This is up from 206 recorded last year and more than DOUBLE during the same period in 2022. In April alone, the US saw 59 bankruptcy filings as tariffs ramped up. So far this year, the industrials sector has seen 41 bankruptcies, followed by 31 in consumer discretionary, and 17 in healthcare. According to S&P Global, consumer discretionary companies have been hit the hardest due to market volatility, tariffs, and inflation uncertainty. We expect a surge in bankruptcies in 2025.' -TKL
đđ˝'Moody's just downgraded the United States' credit rating for the FIRST time in history. The reason: An unsustainable path for US federal debt and its resulting interest burden. Moody's notes that the US debt-to-GDP ratio is on track to hit 134% by 2035. Federal interest payments are set to equal ~30% of revenue by 2035, up from ~18% in 2024 and ~9% in 2021. Furthermore, deficit spending is now at World War 2 levels as a percentage of GDP. The US debt crisis is our biggest issue with the least attention.' - TKL
Still, this is a nothing burger. In August 2023, when Fitch downgraded the US to AA+, and S&P (2011) the US became a split-rated AA+ country. This downgrade had almost no effect on the bond market. The last of the rating agencies, Moodys, pushed the US down to AA+ today. So technically it didnât even change the USâs overall credit rating because it was already split-rated AA+, now itâs unanimous AA+.
Ergo: Nothing changed. America now shares a credit rating with Austria and Finland. Hard assets donât lie. Watch Gold and Bitcoin.
https://i.ibb.co/Q7DcWY2P/Gr-K66i-EXIAAKh-MR.jpg
RAY DALIO: Credit Agencies are UNDERSTATING sovereign credit risks because "they don't include the greater risk that the countries in debt will print money to pay their debts" with devalued currency.
đđ˝US consumer credit card serious delinquencies are rising at a CRISIS pace: The share of US credit card debt that is past due at least 90 days hit 12.3% in Q1 2025, the highest in 14 YEARS. The percentage has risen even faster than during the Great Financial Crisis.' - Global Markets Investor
https://i.ibb.co/nNH9CxVK/Gr-E838o-XYAIk-Fyn.png
On the 18th of May:
đđ˝Michael A. Arouet: 'Look at ten bottom of this list. Milei has not only proven that real free market reforms work, but he has also proven that they work fast. Itâs bigger than Argentina now, no wonder that the left legacy media doesnât like him so much.' https://i.ibb.co/MDnBCDSY/Gr-Npu-KKWMAAf-Pc.jpg
On the 19th of May: đđ˝Japan's 40-year bond yield just hit its highest level in over 20 years. Japanâs Prime Minister Ishiba has called the situation âworse than Greece.â All as Japanâs GDP is contracting again. You and your mother should be scared out of your fucking minds. https://i.ibb.co/rGZ9cMtv/GTXx-S7-Cb-MAAOu-Vt.png
đđ˝ TKL: 'Investors are piling into gold funds like never before: Gold funds have posted a record $85 BILLION in net inflows year-to-date. This is more than DOUBLE the full-year record seen in 2020. At this pace, net inflows will surpass $180 billion by the end of 2025. Gold is now the best-performing major asset class, up 22% year-to-date. Since the low in October 2022, gold prices have gained 97%. Gold is the global hedge against uncertainty.'
đIf you have made it this far, I would like to give you a little gift, well, in this case, two gifts:
What Bitcoin Did - IS THE FED LOSING CONTROL? With Matthew Mezinskis
'Matthew Mezinskis is a macroeconomic researcher, host of the Crypto Voices podcast, and creator of Porkopolis Economics. In this episode, we discuss fractional reserve banking, why it's controversial among Bitcoiners, the historical precedent for banking practices, and whether fractional reserve banking inherently poses systemic risks. We also get into the dangers and instabilities introduced by central banking, why Bitcoin uniquely offers a pathway to financial sovereignty, the plumbing of the global financial system, breaking down money supply metrics, foreign holdings of US treasuries, and how all these elements indicate growing instability in the dollar system.'
https://youtu.be/j-XPVOl9zGc
Credit: I have used multiple sources!
My savings account: Bitcoin The tool I recommend for setting up a Bitcoin savings plan: PocketBitcoin especially suited for beginners or people who want to invest in Bitcoin with an automated investment plan once a week or monthly.
Use the code SE3997
Get your Bitcoin out of exchanges. Save them on a hardware wallet, run your own node...be your own bank. Not your keys, not your coins. It's that simple. â â
â â â â â â
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If so, please share it and support my work with a zap.
ââââââââââââââââââ
â Many thanksâ
Felipe - Bitcoin Friday!
ââââââââââââââââââ
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@ 6389be64:ef439d32
2025-05-24 21:51:47Most nematodes are beneficial and "graze" on black vine weevil, currant borer moth, fungus gnats, other weevils, scarabs, cutworms, webworms, billbugs, mole crickets, termites, peach tree borer and carpenter worm moths.
They also predate bacteria, recycling nutrients back into the soil and by doing so stimulates bacterial activity. They act as microbial taxis by transporting microbes to new locations of soil as they move through it while providing aeration.
https://stacker.news/items/988573
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@ 58537364:705b4b85
2025-05-24 20:48:43âAny society that sets intellectual development as its goal will continually progress, without endâuntil life is liberated from problems and suffering. All problems can ultimately be solved through wisdom itself.
The signpost pointing toward âwisdomâ is the ability to thinkâor what is called in Dhamma terms, âyoniso-manasikÄra,â meaning wise or analytical reflection. Thinking is the bridge that connects information and knowledge with insight and understanding. Refined or skillful thinking enables one to seek knowledge and apply it effectively.
The key types of thinking are:
- Thinking to acquire knowledge
- Thinking to apply knowledge effectively In other words, thinking to gain knowledge and thinking to use that knowledge. A person with knowledge who doesnât know how to think cannot make that knowledge useful. On the other hand, a person who thinks without having or seeking knowledge will end up with nothing but dreamy, deluded ideas. When such dreamy ideas are expressed as opinions, they become nonsensical and meaninglessâmere expressions of personal likes or dislikes.
In this light, the âprocess of developing wisdomâ begins with the desire to seek knowledge, followed by the training of thinking skills, and concludes with the ability to express well-founded opinions. (In many important cases, practice, testing, or experimentation is needed to confirm understanding.)
Thus, the thirst for knowledge and the ability to seek knowledge are the forerunners of intellectual development. In any society where people lack a love for knowledge and are not inclined to search for it, true intellectual growth will be difficult. That society will be filled with fanciful, delusional thinking and opinions based merely on personal likes and dislikes. For the development of wisdom, there must be the guiding principle that: âGiving opinions must go hand-in-hand with seeking knowledge. And once knowledge is gained, thinking must be refined and skillful.ââ
â Somdet Phra Buddhaghosacariya (P.A. Payutto) Source: Dhamma treatise âOrganizing Society According to the Ideals of the Sanghaâ
Note: âPariyosÄnaâ means the complete conclusion or the final, all-encompassing end.
âWe must emphasize the pursuit of knowledge more than merely giving opinions. Opinions must be based on the most solid foundation of knowledge.
Nowadays, we face so many problems because people love to express opinions without ever seeking knowledge.â
â Somdet Phra Buddhaghosacariya (P.A. Payutto)
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@ 3283ef81:0a531a33
2025-05-24 20:47:39This event has been deleted; your client is ignoring the delete request.
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@ 3283ef81:0a531a33
2025-05-24 20:36:35Suspendisse quis rutrum nisi Integer nec augue quis ex euismod blandit ut ac mi
Curabitur suscipit vulputate volutpat Donec ornare, risus non tincidunt malesuada, elit magna feugiat diam, id faucibus libero libero efficitur mauris
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@ cff1720e:15c7e2b2
2025-05-24 20:17:45Ich liebe Pareto. FĂźr das was es ist, viel mehr aber fĂźr das was es derzeit wird - der Marktplatz der Ideen. Er entsteht durch gemeinsames Engagement von Entwicklern, Autoren und aktiven Lesern. Es ist ein lebendiges Medium, das jeden Tag wächst, quantitativ wie qualitativ, durch offene Interaktion, was es in dieser Form einzigartig macht.\ \ Mein Text ist inspiriert durch den Artikel von Alexa Rodrian vom 22. Mai Ăźber den Auftritt von Wolf Biermann bei der Verleihung des Deutschen Filmpreises.  Alexa ist keine Publizistin, genau wie zahlreiche unserer Autoren, aber sie hat einen bemerkenswerten Beitrag verfasst. Ich habe ihn spontan geliked, kommentiert und mit einer Spende honoriert. In den vergangenen Tagen habe ich viel darĂźber reflektiert, und Pareto ermĂśglicht es mir, und jedem anderen, diese Ăberlegungen zur âCausa Biermannâ hier darzulegen.
MSN kommentierte die anstĂśĂige Rede wie folgt: mit einem verfälschten Golda-Meir-Zitat lenkte Biermann das Thema auf das Sterben in Gaza, fĂźr das er die Palästinenser selbst verantwortlich machte. âDass ihr unsere SĂśhne ermordet habt, werden wir Euch eines Tages verzeihenâ, habe Meir zu den Palästinensern gesagt, âaber wir werden euch niemals verzeihen kĂśnnen, dass ihr unsere SĂśhne gezwungen habt, selber MĂśrder zu werden.â Alexa Rodrian, in einer Mischung aus Enttäuschung und EmpĂśrung, erĂśffnete ihren Artikel wie folgt:
âTriff niemals deine Idoleâ heiĂt ein gängiger Ratschlag. In gewendeten Zeiten stehen zu dem die Werte auf dem Kopf â und manche KĂźnstler mit ihnen. Die Worte, die aus manch ihrer MĂźndern kommen, wirken, als hätte eine fremde Hand sie auf deren Zunge gelegt. Die fremde Hand ist bei Biermann eher unwahrscheinlich, denn sein Hang zu Provokationen und Verletzungen haben Tradition, man erinnere sich an den legendären Auftritt bei einer Feierstunde im Bundestag 2014 in der er die Mitglieder der Linksfraktion als âelenden Restâ und âDrachenbrutâ bezeichnete. Oder seine Beschimpfungen der (ostdeutschen) Wähler von AfD und BSW im August 2024 in einem Zeit-Interview:  âDie, die zu feige waren in der Diktatur, rebellieren jetzt ohne Risiko gegen die Demokratie. Den Bequemlichkeiten der Diktatur jammern sie nach, und die MĂźhen der Demokratie sind ihnen fremd.â
Im Februar 2025 wurde Wolf Biermann fĂźr sein Lebenswerk mit einem Musikpreis der GEMA ausgezeichnet. Was aber ist sein Lebenswerk, sein mutiges Engagement in der Opposition der DDR bis 1976 oder seine verfehlten RĂźpeleien in der Gegenwart? Ein solcher Preis ist fragwĂźrdig, denn kein Lebenswerk ist konsistent, und die Bewertung abhängig von subjektiven MaĂstäben. Meist wählen wir unsere Idole nach unseren Idealen, aber die kĂśnnen sich verändern, ebenso wie das Idol. Beethoven widmete seine 3. Sinfonie (Eroica) Napoleon, zog die Widmung aber zurĂźck als dieser sich 1804 zum Kaiser krĂśnen lieĂ. âIst der auch nichts anderes, wie ein gewĂśhnlicher Mensch?â soll er wĂźtend ausgerufen haben. Richtig! Was hatte Beethoven erwartet, einen Gott? âHosiannaâ und âkreuzigt ihnâ sind Affekte die durch unsere Projektionen verursacht und den Realitäten nie gerecht werden.Â
Den Preis fĂźr sein Lebenswerk kann Wolf Biermann behalten. Er hat Millionen von Menschen in der DDR Mut gemacht. Er hat zahlreiche groĂartige Gedichte und Lieder verfasst, das behalte ich gerne in Erinnerung. Nun hat er sich selbst vom Sockel gestĂźrzt und durch seinen Empathiemangel das Image beschädigt. Das hätte er vermeiden kĂśnnen, wenn er sich an die Worte seines Lehrmeisters Brecht erinnert hätte.
...\ Dabei wissen wir doch:\ Auch der Hass gegen die Niedrigkeit\ verzerrt die ZĂźge.\ Auch der Zorn Ăźber das Unrecht\ Macht die Stimme heiser. Ach, wir\ Die wir den Boden bereiten wollten fĂźr die Freundlichkeit\ Konnten selber nicht freundlich sein.\ ...
Er hätte auch von der Medizin nehmen kÜnnen, die er selbst fßr andere entwickelt hat \ (1966 fßr seinen Freund Peter Huchel).
âŚ\ Du, laĂ dich nicht verhärten\ in dieser harten Zeit.\ Die allzu hart sind, brechen,\ die allzu spitz sind, stechen\ und brechen ab sogleich.\ âŚ
PS: Fortsetzung folgt in der Reihe \ âWas wir von groĂen PersĂśnlichkeiten lernen kĂśnnen, wenn wir ihnen zuhĂśren wĂźrden."
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@ f7a1599c:6f2484d5
2025-05-24 20:06:04In March 2020, Lucas was afraid.
The economy was grinding to a halt. Markets were in freefall. In a sweeping response, the Federal Reserve launched an unprecedented interventionâbuying everything from Treasury bonds and mortgages to corporate debt, expanding the money supply by $4 trillion. At the same time, the U.S. government issued over $800 billion in stimulus checks to households across the country.
These extraordinary measures may have averted a wave of business failures and bank runsâbut they came at a cost: currency debasement and rising inflation. Alarmed by the scale of central bank intervention and its consequences for savers, Lucas decided to act.
In a state of mild panic, he withdrew $15,000 from his bank account and bought ten gold coins. Then he took another $10,000 and bought two bitcoins. If the dollar system failed, Lucas wanted something with intrinsic value he could use.
He mentioned his plan to his friend Daniel, who laughed.
âWhy donât you stock up on guns and cigarettes while youâre at it?â Daniel quipped. âThe Fed is doing what it has toâstabilizing the economy in a crisis. Sure, $4 trillion is a lot of money, but it's backed by the most productive economy on Earth. Donât panic. The worldâs not ending.â
To prove his point, Daniel put $25,000 into the S&P 500âright at the pandemic bottom.
And he was right. Literally.
By Spring 2025, the stock market was near all-time highs. The world hadnât ended. The U.S. economy kept moving, more or less as usual. Danielâs investment had nearly tripledâhis $25,000 had grown to $65,000.
But oddly enough, Lucasâ seemingly panicked reaction had been both prudent and profitable.
His gold coins had climbed from $1,500 to $3,300 apieceâa 120% gain. Bitcoin had soared from $5,000 to $90,000, making his two coins worth $180,000. Altogether, Lucasâs $25,000 allocation had grown to $213,000âa nearly 10x return. And his goal wasnât even profit. It was safety.
With that kind of fortune, youâd expect Lucas to feel confident, even serene. He had more than enough to preserve his purchasing power, even in the face of years of inflation.
But in the spring of 2025, Lucas felt anything but calm.
He was uneasyâgripped by a sense that the 2020 crisis hadnât been a conclusion, but a prelude.
In his mind, 2020 was just the latest chapter in a troubling sequence: the Asian financial crisis in 1998, the global financial crisis in 2008, the pandemic shock of 2020. Each crisis had been more sudden, more sweeping, and more dependent on emergency measures than the last.
And Lucas couldnât shake the feeling that the next actâwhenever it cameâwould be more disruptive, more severe, and far more damaging.
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@ 15cf81d4:b328e146
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Act fast and secure your digital assets with cryptrecver.com.Losing access to your cryptocurrency can feel like losing a part of your future. Whether itâs due to a forgotten password, a damaged seed backup, or a simple mistake in a transfer, the stress can be overwhelming. Fortunately, cryptrecver.com is here to assist! With our expert-led recovery services, you can safely and swiftly reclaim your lost Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.
# Why Trust Crypt Recver? đ¤
đ ď¸Â Expert Recovery Solutions\ At Crypt Recver, we specialize in addressing complex wallet-related issues. Our skilled engineers have the tools and expertise to handle:
- Partially lost or forgotten seed phrases
- Extracting funds from outdated or invalid wallet addresses
- Recovering data from damaged hardware wallets
- Restoring coins from old or unsupported wallet formats
Youâre not just getting a service; youâre gaining a partner in your cryptocurrency journey.
đ Fast and Efficient Recovery\ We understand that time is crucial in crypto recovery. Our optimized systems enable you to regain access to your funds quickly, focusing on speed without compromising security. With a success rate of over 90%, you can rely on us to act swiftly on your behalf.
đ Privacy is Our Priority\ Your confidentiality is essential. Every recovery session is conducted with the utmost care, ensuring all processes are encrypted and confidential. You can rest assured that your sensitive information remains private.
đťÂ Advanced Technology\ Our proprietary tools and brute-force optimization techniques maximize recovery efficiency. Regardless of how challenging your case may be, our technology is designed to give you the best chance at retrieving your crypto.
Our Recovery Services Include: đ
- Bitcoin Recovery:Â Lost access to your Bitcoin wallet? We help recover lost wallets, private keys, and passphrases.
- Transaction Recovery:Â Mistakes happen â whether itâs an incorrect wallet address or a lost password, let us manage the recovery.
- Cold Wallet Restoration:Â If your cold wallet is failing, we can safely extract your assets and migrate them into a secure new wallet.
- Private Key Generation:Â Lost your private key? Our experts can help you regain control using advanced methods while ensuring your privacy.
â ď¸Â What We Donât Do\ While we can handle many scenarios, some limitations exist. For instance, we cannot recover funds stored in custodial wallets or cases where there is a complete loss of four or more seed words without partial information available. We are transparent about whatâs possible, so you know what to expect
# Donât Let Lost Crypto Hold You Back!
Did you know that between 3 to 3.4 million BTC â nearly 20% of the total supply â are estimated to be permanently lost? Donât become part of that statistic! Whether itâs due to a forgotten password, sending funds to the wrong address, or damaged drives, we can help you navigate these challenges
đĄď¸Â Real-Time Dust Attack Protection\ Our services extend beyond recovery. We offer dust attack protection, keeping your activity anonymous and your funds secure, shielding your identity from unwanted tracking, ransomware, and phishing attempts.
đ Start Your Recovery Journey Today!\ Ready to reclaim your lost crypto? Donât wait until itâs too late!\ đ cryptrecver.com
đ Need Immediate Assistance? Connect with Us!\ For real-time support or questions, reach out to our dedicated team on:\ âď¸ Telegram: t.me/crypptrcver\ đŹ WhatsApp: +1(941)317â1821
Crypt Recver is your trusted partner in cryptocurrency recovery. Let us turn your challenges into victories. Donât hesitate â your crypto future starts now! đâ¨
Act fast and secure your digital assets with cryptrecver.com.
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@ 6c05c73e:c4356f17
2025-05-24 19:16:17Descrição da empresa
Fundada em 1961, a WEG Ê uma empresa global de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos, atuando principalmente no setor de bens de capital com soluçþes em måquinas elÊtricas, automação e tintas, para diversos setores, incluindo infraestrutura, siderurgia, papel e celulose, petróleo e gås, mineração, entre muitos outros.
A WEG se destaca em inovação pelo desenvolvimento constante de soluçþes para atender as grandes tendĂŞncias voltadas a eficiĂŞncia energĂŠtica, energias renovĂĄveis e mobilidade elĂŠtrica. Com operaçþes industriais em 17 paĂses e presença comercial em mais de 135 paĂses, a companhia possui mais de 47.000 mil colaboradores distribuĂdos pelo mundo.
Em 2024, a WEG atingiu faturamento lĂquido de R$38,0 bilhĂľes, destes 57,0% proveniente das vendas realizadas fora do Brasil.
Vendendo soluçþes para os clientes
"Na febre do ouro, muito garimpeiros corriam atrĂĄs de ouro para ficar ricos. Enquanto isso, muita gente enriqueceu vendendo pĂĄs, roupas, bebidas, cigarros e mantimentos para elesâŚâ
Em um mundo dominado cada vez mais por Inteligência Artificial, carros elÊtricos e tecnologias quânticas. A Wege segue se destacando por oferecer equipamentos e parte da estrutura pode detrås para que essas tecnologias possam existir. Focada em inovação e performance. A empresa oferece soluçþes de ponta a ponta para os mais variados setores da indústria.
VisĂŁo geral da empresa
A Wege atua no setor de mĂĄquinas e equipamentos. Se formos fazer um refino, podemos dizer que ela atua em subsetores tais como: motores, compressores e outros.
Mercado que atua
O setor de mĂĄquinas e equipamentos no Brasil em 2024 enfrentou um cenĂĄrio desafiador, com uma queda na receita lĂquida, mas tambĂŠm mostrou sinais de recuperação e algumas perspectivas positivas em segmentos especĂficos e no inĂcio de 2025.
A WEG ĂŠ gigante no mundo todo. Os caras tĂŞm fĂĄbricas e filiais em mais de 40 paĂses, espalhados por todos os continentes. A estratĂŠgia dos caras ĂŠ expandir sempre, comprando outras empresas e investindo pesado em mercados-chave. A empresa foca em: ExpansĂŁo, inovação e sustentabilidade.
Mercado
Grana Alta: Em 2024, o mercado global de måquinas e equipamentos valeu uns US$ 205,67 bilhþes. Jå a parte de motores elÊtricos, chegou a uns US$ 152,2 bilhþes. A parada Ê que a automação industrial, que Ê a cara do futuro, estava em uns US$ 192,02 bilhþes em 2024. à muita grana rolando!
As empresas estão investindo cada vez mais em IA (Inteligência artificial), IOT (internet das coisas, robótica e fabricação sustentåvel.
Perspectiva de crescimento A parada ĂŠ que esse mercado tĂĄ com gĂĄs total pra crescer nos prĂłximos anos, parceiro:
Måquinas e Equipamentos: A expectativa Ê que o mercado global de måquinas e equipamentos cresça cerca de 6,57% ao ano atÊ 2033, podendo chegar a uns US$ 364,66 bilhþes.
Motores ElĂŠtricos: Esse setor tĂĄ prometendo um crescimento de uns 6,3% ao ano atĂŠ 2029, podendo bater uns US$ 206,4 bilhĂľes. A demanda por carros elĂŠtricos tĂĄ puxando muito esse crescimento.
Automação Industrial: Essa Ê a cereja do bolo! A expectativa Ê que o mercado de automação industrial dispare uns 9,1% ao ano atÊ 2033, alcançando uns US$ 420,49 bilhþes. A busca por mais produtividade, menos erros e mais eficiência tå impulsionando essa onda.
Materia sobre carros eletricos
Oportunidades que o ativo traz
Na minha visĂŁo, as maiores oportunidades que a Wege nos traz sĂŁo:
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Equipamentos EletroeletrĂ´nicos Industriais
Esta årea inclui os motores elÊtricos, drives e equipamentos e serviços de automação industrial e serviços de manutenção. Os motores elÊtricos e demais equipamentos têm aplicação em praticamente todos os segmentos industriais, em equipamentos como compressores, bombas e ventiladores.
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Geração Transmissão e Distribuição de Energia (GTD)
Os produtos e serviços incluĂdos nesta ĂĄrea sĂŁo os geradores elĂŠtricos para usinas hidrĂĄulicas e tĂŠrmicas (biomassa), turbinas hidrĂĄulicas (PCH e CGH), aerogeradores, transformadores, subestaçþes, painĂŠis de controle e serviços de integração de sistemas.
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Motores Comerciais e Appliance
O foco de atuação nesta årea Ê o mercado de motores monofåsicos para bens de consumo duråvel, como lavadoras de roupas, aparelhos de ar condicionado, bombas de ågua, entre outros.
Desde Janeiro/25, podemos observar que o gråfico teve uma queda no seu preço. Contudo, continua se mantendo acima da ema200 e com ótimo volume negociado. Isso tudo caracteriza que a tendência majoritåria ainda Ê compradora. Então, devemos pensar em atuar somente nesse sentido.
Riscos
Os maiores riscos que vejo hoje, para uma empresa tĂŁo sĂłlida como Wege sĂŁo:
- Instabilidade Econômica Global e Regional, qualquer flutuação em mercado chave atuante pode representar um risco.
- Inflação e Custo de Insumos, principalmente aço e cobre que são matÊrias prima base.
- PolĂticas TarifĂĄrias e Protecionismo, se o homem laranja dos EUA impor tarifas. Pode afetar sim os negĂłcios da empresa como um todo.
Catalisadores
Na minha visão, os catalisadores da empresa. Que impulsionam e continuaram dando força a ela são:
- Forte diversificação de receita, 53% vem em dólar.
- Boa perspectiva do aumento do valor do dĂłlar. Isso representa mais caixa.
- As aquisiçþess feitas recentemente, que vão impulsionar a receita da empresa.
Faq
Qual foi o desempenho da WEGE3 nas Ăşltimas 52 semanas?
13.95% foi desempenho das açþes da WEGE3 atÊ o momento.
WEGE3 paga dividendos? Qual o Dividend Yield (DY) da WEGE3?
Sim, WEGE3 (WEG) paga dividendos e juros sobre capital prĂłprio (JCP). O Dividend Yield (DY) da WEGE3 tem variado ao longo do tempo, mas geralmente se encontra entre 1,4% e 1,8%, dependendo da cotação atual das açþes e dos valores de dividendos e JCP distribuĂdos.
O que Ê a WEG? Qual o setor de atuação da WEG?
A WEG Ê uma empresa global de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos, que atua principalmente no setor de bens de capital. A empresa se destaca por suas soluçþes em måquinas elÊtricas, automação, tintas e sistemas de energia, com foco em eficiência energÊtica e sustentabilidade.
Quais produtos a WEG fabrica?
A WEG produz uma vasta gama de produtos e soluçþes, abrangendo desde equipamentos elÊtricos e eletrônicos atÊ tintas e vernizes.
Qual Ê o P/L (Preço sobre Lucro) da WEGE3?
O P/L (Preço sobre Lucro) da WEGE3, conforme indicadores de mercado, estå em torno de 29,32.
Bio
Investir não precisa ser um bicho de sete cabeças! Na Threedolar, democratizamos o acesso ao mundo dos investimentos, oferecendo conteúdo claro e pråtico. Comece hoje mesmo a construir seu futuro financeiro!
Disclaimer
Lembre-se: este não Ê um conselho de investimento. Faça sua própria pesquisa antes de investir. Resultados passados não garantem lucros futuros. Cuide do seu dinheiro!
Referencia
https://www.fundamentus.com.br/detalhes.php?papel=WEGE3&h=1
https://ri.weg.net/a-weg/perfil-corporativo/
https://ri.weg.net/a-weg/por-que-a-weg/
https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/auto/carros-eletrificados-registram-85-de-aumento-nas-vendas-de-2024/
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@ 3283ef81:0a531a33
2025-05-24 18:41:43Why
is
this
noton
separate
lines -
@ 3283ef81:0a531a33
2025-05-24 18:17:22Vestibulum a nunc a sapien aliquam rhoncus\ Sed sem turpis, scelerisque sed augue ut, faucibus blandit lectus
Maecenas commodo, augue in placerat lacinia, lorem libero convallis mi, eu fringilla velit arcu id sem. In ac metus vitae sapien dignissim luctus
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@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b
2025-05-24 18:17:09Ovaj post sam objavio 24.01.2024. godine na Redditu povodom tri decenije od uvoÄenja Novog dinara kao reĹĄenja za hiperinflaciju u Saveznoj Republici Jugoslaviji na ĹĄta su pojedini besni nokoineri sa te druĹĄtvene mreĹže osuli drvlje i kamenje na mene. Od starih budalaĹĄtina da je Bitkoin bezvredan, da nije oblik novca veÄ finansijsko ulaganje, preko pravdanja svrhe inflacije, sve do potpune nemoÄi da se argumentima opovrgne nepobitna istina i pozivanja moderatora da me banuju. đ
Cena Bitkoina tada je bila oko $40.000. :)
Osim glavnog posta, ovde Äu navesti i moje odgovore na neutemeljene i neinformisane tvrdnje besnih nokoinera. :) Da se saÄuva od zaborava!
JuÄe se navrĹĄilo 30 godina "Deda Avramove reforme".
Dan kada je roÄen novi dinar, a Deda Avram sasekao hiperinflaciju
Vikipedija: Jugoslovenski dinar
âU julu '93. godine u Jugoslaviji nisi mogao skoro niĹĄta da kupiĹĄ i niko za dinare nije hteo niĹĄta da prodajeâ, pisao je AvramoviÄ. Centralno-bankarska prevara se nastavlja jer je veÄ do kraja 1995. dinar oslabio prema marki za 70% (1 dinar = 3.4 DM), a u decembru 2000. je taj kurs veÄ bio 30.5 dinara za 1 DM (-96.7% od uvoÄenja novog dinara). To samo pokazuje da redenominacija valute tj. "brisanje nula" nije nikako Äudo i viÄano je puno puta kroz istoriju)
Ako je reformom iz januara '94 god. 1 novi dinar vredeo kao 1 nemaÄka marka, zatim od 2002. uveden evro Äime je realna vrednost marke (samim tim i dinara) prepolovljena, a danas 1 EUR vredi oko 117 RSD, to znaÄi da je "deda Avramov dinar" prema evru veÄ obezvreÄen 59.91 puta za 30 godina. Dakle devalvacija dinara od 5991% od 1994. godine, a svakako joĹĄ veÄa izraĹžena kroz dobra i usluge jer su i nemaÄka marka do 2002. i evro od svog uvoÄenja iste godine proĹĄli kroz sopstvenu inflaciju. Sam evro je izgubio oko 38% vrednosti od 2002. godine. Tako da se moĹže reÄi da i "deda Avramov dinar" veÄ uveliko prolazi kroz hiperinflaciju koja je samo razvuÄena na mnogo duĹži vremenski period (ne brinite - znam "zvaniÄnu" definiciju hiperinflacije - joĹĄ jedan "gaslighting" centralno-bankarskog kartela da zabaĹĄuri ĹĄta se iza brda valja). Jer ĹĄta je inflacija od preko 5991% nego viĹĄedecenijska hiperinflacija?! Kako ne shvata gigantske razmere ove prevare?!
ISPRAVKA: Dinar nije nominalno izgubio 23400% (234x) vrednosti prema nemaÄkoj marki/evru od 1994. godine, veÄ 59.91x odnosno 5991%. I danas na sajtu NBS postoji zvaniÄni srednji kurs marke prema dinaru od 59,91:1. Realno, obezvreÄivanje dinara i evra prema robama i uslugama je puno veÄe, poĹĄto su cene roba i usluga izraĹžene u evrima ubrzo udvostruÄene u periodu nakon uvoÄenja evra. Hvala Älanu DejanJwtq na ispravci i izvinjenje svima od mene zbog greĹĄke.
Dafiment i Jugoskandik ("Dafina i Jezda") su bili samo drĹžavna konstrukcija da se izvuku devize iz ruku naivnih investitora da bi te devize neĹĄto kasnije posluĹžile kao toboĹžnja rezerva za novi dinar. Ova gigantska prevara je unapred bila planirana, a Deda Avram iskoriĹĄÄen kao marioneta tadaĹĄnjeg reĹžima.
InaÄe lista drĹžava koje su izvrĹĄile redenominaciju valute kroz "brisanje nula" je popriliÄno dugaÄka i radi se o uobiÄajenoj pojavi kroz istoriju joĹĄ od Haitija 1813. godine, a poslednji put su to uradile Sijera Leone i Kolumbija 2021. godine. Odavno je zaboravljeno da je (SR) Jugoslavija devedesetih to uÄinila joĹĄ 1990. (10.000:1), 1992. (10:1), 1993. (1.000.000:1) i 1994. pre AvramoviÄa (1.000.000.000âś1) ali je ovaj dinar trajao samo 23 dana. Tako da Deda Avram nije izmislio toplu vodu.
U SFRJ je izvrĹĄena jedna redenominacija 1966. godine u odnosu 10.000:1.
Wikipedia: Redenomination
Kome i dalje nije jasno zaĹĄto Bitkoin neka viĹĄe puta paĹžljivo proÄita ove tekstove iznad: oblik novca koji se ne moĹže redenominirati, veoma lako konfiskovati i izdavati bez ikakve kontrole i pokriÄa. Potpuno nezavistan od kaprica korumpiranih i od realnosti otuÄenih politiÄara i centralnih bankara. Veoma je bitno da postoji ovakav oblik novca koji nije podloĹžan ovakvim manipulacijama od strane ljudskog faktora i da postoji slobodan izbor da se taj oblik novca odabere za ĹĄtednju i transakcije: barem od strane onih koji ga razumeju, ovi koji ne Ĺžele da razumeju neka i dalje pristaju da budu pljaÄkani - njima ionako nema pomoÄi.
Komentari
brainzorz: Da, ali ako cemo realno bitkoin ne sluzi kao oblik novca, vec kao finansijsko ulaganje.
Bar je tako za nas i vecinu ljudi po svetu u praktiÄnom smislu. Jer 99.99% ljudi ili koliko vec prime platu u svojoj lokalnoj valuti, trose istu na redovan zivot, a ostatak (ako ga ima) investiraju. Slazem se da lokalne valute imaju svoj neki rizik, koji je veci u banana drzavi i da cuvanje svog kapitala u turbulentnom periodu u istoj je jako losa ideja.
Kada tako posmatras onda se mogu vuci pararele izmedju ostalih aseta, poput ETFova na primer i onda dolazimo do gomile problema sa bitkoinom.
@BTCSRB: Bitkoin se ne moĹže porediti sa ETF-ovima poĹĄto ETF-ove i ostale investicione instrumente ne moĹžeĹĄ koristiti kao novac jer oni nisu "bearer assets" kao ĹĄto jeste BTC. BTC eliminiĹĄe potpuno inflaciju (jer dĹžabe ti keĹĄ u slamarici kao "bearer asset" kada je podloĹžan inflaciji) i potrebu za posrednikom kod elektronskih plaÄanja.
brainzorz: Ali on to eleminise samo u teoriji, sad da odem u pekaru, moram platiti u lokalnoj valuti, sad da li cu prodati bitkoin ili etf, prilicno je slicno.
Jedino sto mogu bitkoin zamenuti uzivo (ilegalno) sa nekim, pa tu jeste zamenjen posrednik. Ali provizije povlacenja su uglavnom zanemarljive, naspram ostalih parametara investicionog sredstva.
Neke stvari se mogu direktno platiti za bitkoin, ali to je ekstremno retko u stvarnom zivotu vecine ljudi.
@BTCSRB: SlaĹžem se ali u uslovima hiperinflacije i visoke inflacije kakvu danas imamo u Argentini, Venecueli, Zimbabveu, Libanu, Turskoj itd. sve viĹĄe ljudi direktno vrĹĄi transakcije u kriptovalutama, naroÄito "stablecoinima" poput USDT Tethera. Priznajem da u tim transakcijama BTC zaostaje upravo zbog volatilnosti ali je vrĹĄenje brzih i jeftinih transakcija svakako moguÄe putem Lightning mreĹže. Sve te lokalne valute su izgubile znaÄajnu vrednost i prema USDT i prema BTC-u, odnosno BTC konstantno probija rekordnu vrednost kada se denominuje u tim valutama. I u tim drĹžavama je adopcija kriptovaluta najraĹĄirenija.
HunterVD: Kako valuta u koju se upumpavaju nepostojeci dolari i evri moze biti realna i dobra. A USDT tek da ne spominjem. Mozes uvek revi jer joj ljudi veruju, al ta vera u nesto ide samo do odredjenog nivoa.
@BTCSRB: Godinama kupujem BTC od svake plate, praktiÄno ĹĄtedim u njemu i kupovna moÄ mi vremenom raste denominirana u evrima i dinarima. To isto rade na desetine hiljada ljudi ĹĄirom sveta. Kako su ti realni dinari i evri koje ubacujem svakog meseca koje sam zaradio od svog realnog rada - "nepostojeÄi"?
Kako dolari i evri koji se ĹĄtampaju ni iz Äega mogu biti realni i dobri kao valuta?
HunterVD: Pa eto bas to. Ulaze se nepostojeci novac u BTC i onda se prica o nekoj novoj valuti. Nije sija nego vrat, BTC ima jedino vrednost dok se upumpava taj lazni novac u njega. FIAT novac kolko tolko nastaje radom i proizvodnjom dobara, ne sav FIAT novac al neki deo, dok se BTC zasniva skroz na upumpavanje tog istog FIAT novca i dobroj volji i zeljama da magicne brojke idu navise.
@BTCSRB: Itekako je moguÄe izraziti cenu svih ostalih dobara i usluga kroz BTC i postojanje i vrednost BTC-a uopĹĄte ne zavisi od fiat novca. Ĺ taviĹĄe, gotova sva dobra i usluge dugoroÄno postaju jeftiniji kada se mere kroz BTC. Sutra kada bi fiat novac nestao BTC bi i dalje imao vrednost, Äak i veÄu nego danas.
https://www.pricedinbitcoin21.com/
HunterVD: Naravno da je moguce izraziti cene svakodnevnih proizvoda u BTCu. Cene svakodnevnih proizvoda je moguce izraziti u cemu god pozelis, evo npr broj radnih sati koji je potreban da se proizvede taj proizvod i onda se uporedi sa cenom radnih sati i cene na polici, mozes ga uracunavati i u dobrima , jedan iphone kosta tolko i tolko KG juneceg mesa..... nista cudno. Takodje cene proizvoda pokazuju pad u odnosu sa BTCom jer je BTC masivno porastao u poslednjih 5-6 godina. Sta ce biti kad BTC stagnira ili pada kako se u tom periodu odnose cene, a da BTC je store of value i namenjen je samo da se cuva izvinte molim vas moja greska. Ni druge kripto valute nisu nista bolje. Ljudi koji su zaradili na BTCu svaka cast eto imali su pameti i srece , al sad kako je cena sve veca, inflacija sve losija i kamatne stope sve vise postace sve teze i teze dolaziti do novca a kamo li intvestirati ga u nesto rizicno ko kripto valute tako da ce i BTC sve manje rasti sto zbog velicine market cap-a sto zbog toga sto ljudi i firme imaju sve manje novca za ulagati. Dal ce btc moci da se uzbori sa inflacijom i losim uslovima to tek treba da se vidi. Tako da videcemo u narednom periodu koliko ce se ta priva o BTC kao store of value i nacinu odbrane od inflacije obistiniti. Licno ne verujem da ce BTC ikad biti zvanicno sredstvo placanja.
@BTCSRB: Cena svega se moĹže izraziti kroz sve ostalo ali ĹĄta od svega toga najbolje vrĹĄi funkciju novca? BTC bolje vrĹĄi funkciju novca u veÄini okolnosti od gotovo svih stvari.
Ĺ ta Äe biti sa BTC videÄe se i oni koji veruju u njega Äe biti najzasluĹžniji za njegov uspeh jer su obezbeÄivali potraĹžnju kada su kola iĹĄla nizbrdo i za to biti asimetriÄno nagraÄeni, ali Äe i puno izgubiti ako se pokaĹže da nisu u pravu. Pukovnici ili pokojnici. Po meni je to cilj zbog koga vredi rizikovati, pa i bankrotirati a cilj je da se centralno-bankarski kartel uÄini manje relevantnim.
ZnaĹĄ i sam da fiat sistem ne moĹže da preĹživi i izbegne imploziju bez konstantnog uveÄanja mase novca u opticaju i zato se uopĹĄte ne plaĹĄim za BTC i spavam mirno. BTC sigurno neÄe rasti istom brzinom kao prvih 15 godina ali moje oÄekivanje je svakako ubedljivo nadmaĹĄivanje svetske inflacije i obezvreÄivanja. Ne vidim kako sistem moĹže da opstane bez novog QE kada god se on desi, u suprotnom imamo deflatornu spiralu.
Ne mora da bude zvaniÄno sredstvo plaÄanja, dovoljno da meni kao pojedincu sluĹži za to dok god ima ljudi koji ga prihvataju, a ima ih puno. I da niko u tome ne moĹže da nas spreÄi.
loldurrr: Ali i BTC je postao, u neku ruku, berzanska roba. ImaĹĄ market cap izraĹžen u dolarima, koji je danas, npr. 2 triliona $, za mjesec dana 500 milijardi. Isto kao i dolar, samo volatilnije. Zato i kaĹžem, da je to sve rezultat ponude i traĹžnje. HipotetiÄki, ja da imam milion BTC i odluÄim to danas prodati, enormno Äu oboriti cenu BTC. Ako je to valuta nezavisna od vanjskih uticaja - zaĹĄto Äe pasti toliko, kada imamo ograniÄenu koliÄinu BTC-a. Svima je i dalje u podsvesti vrednost BTC izraĹžena u USD, tako da je to isto kao i dinar, franak, akcija CocaCola i sl. Bar za sada...
A moguÄnosti za koriĹĄtenje BTC za robna plaÄanja su mizerna. Ima li na vidiku moguÄnosti da se vrednost nafte poÄne izraĹžavati u BTC?
@BTCSRB: Meriti Bitkoin direktno prema robama i uslugama je itekako moguÄe i kada ga tako meriĹĄ, a ne prema fiat novcu, dugoroÄno cene gotovo svih roba i usluga padaju prema Bitkoinu. Cene svega izraĹžene kroz BTC neÄe nestati ni u sluÄaju nestanka fiat novca, dolar sutra da prestane da postoji nikoga ne spreÄava da izraĹžava cene svega kroz BTC. Dolar i ostale valute nisu potrebni Bitkoinu.
Unlikely-Put-5524: Imam samo jedno pitanje za one "koji vide iza svega" i pronikli su bankarsku prevare da porobi ÄoveÄanstvo... Kako ne postoji moguÄnost da je BTC i kripto nastao iz iste kuhinje i predstavlja ultimativni naÄin za porobljavanje?
2% novÄanika poseduje 95% svog BTC-a koji nije izgubljen. ZnaÄi da centralizacija moĹže biti maksimalna...
@BTCSRB: KoliÄina BTC-a u posedu ne daje kontrolu nad pravilima protokola i veÄinski vlasnici ne mogu da ĹĄtampaju nove novÄiÄe i tako uveÄaju konaÄnu koliÄinu u opticaju. Mogu samo da kratkoroÄno obore cenu i tako samo ostanu sa manje BTC-a koji imaju poĹĄto Äe trĹžiĹĄte vremenom apsorbovati te dampovane koine.
Unlikely-Put-5524: A mogu i dugoroÄno da obore cenu. Hajde da kaĹžemo da imaĹĄ sada 10 BTC-a gde svaki vredi 40k
Veliki dumpu-ju ceo svoj bag u kontinutitetu kao ĹĄto sad radi GS i posle godinu dana tvoj BTC sad vredi 4k, zaĹĄto misliĹĄ da bi ljudi nastavili da ga drĹže? Posebno ako znamo da ga 97% kupuje da bi zaradili, a ne zato ĹĄto Ĺžele da ga koriste kao sredstvo plaÄanja.
Ja bih ore BTC gledao kao commodity, jer sa svojim deflatornim svojstvima ne moĹže biti valuta za plaÄanje.
TakoÄe postoji i doomsday scenario gde jednostavno mogu svi da se dogovore da je ilegalan i to je onda to. Ovo mi deluje kao gotovo neverovatno, ali po meni je bilo koji maksimalizam potpuno detinjasto razmiĹĄljanje.
@BTCSRB: Pa padao je toliko puta za preko 70% i uvek se vraÄao jer si uvek imao ljude koji su bili spremni da ga kupuju po bilo kojoj ceni, ukljuÄujuÄi i mene. PoĹĄto se ne moĹže ĹĄtampati, na kraju Äe ovi prodavci ostati bez BTC-a za prodaju i trĹžiĹĄte apsorbovati Äak i njihov "sell pressure". A ovi veliki koji drĹže tolike koliÄine itekako dobro znaju vrednost toga ĹĄto poseduju i nema smisla da svu koliÄinu koju drĹže prodaju za inflatorni novac - prodavaÄe da bi finansirali svoj Ĺživotni stil ili investiraju u biznise ili Äe ga koristiti kao kolateral za fiat pozajmice - ako raspolaĹžu tolikim koliÄinama i mogu da kontroliĹĄu trĹžiĹĄte nemaju strah da Äe im kolateral biti likvidiran.
VeÄina ljudi su fiat maksimalisti samim tim ĹĄto su 100% u fiat novcu pa ne razmiĹĄljaju u pravcu doomsday scenarija kakav je upravo bila hiperinflacija devedesetih.
Romeo_y_Cohiba: Niko ti ne brani da ulaĹžeĹĄ u bitcoin pod uslovom da znaĹĄ da je riziÄniji od gotovog novca, ĹĄtednje po viÄenju, oroÄene ĹĄtednje, obveznica, nekretnina, akcija, raznoraznih etfova, private equitya i derivata.
Drugim reÄima ako ti je ok da danas uloĹžiĹĄ 1000e, da za nedelju dana to vredi 500e, za mesec 1500 a za pola godina 300e ili 0 samo napred. VeÄini ljudi to nije ok.
Razlog zaĹĄto pamtimo Avrama je jer njegov dinar i dan danas koristimo. Prethodne uzastopne reforme nisu uspele kao ĹĄto si i sam primetio.
TakoÄe, nije u pitanju "centralno-bankarska" prevara jer se niĹĄta od toga ne bi desilo da ovom "odozgo" nisu zatrebale pare za finansiranje izvesnih stvari.
I dan danas, izvesni politiÄar(i) izaÄu na TV i kaĹžu da su "naĹĄli" novac za neki svoj genijalni plan i ljudi to puĹĄe. To u prevodu najÄeĹĄÄe znaÄi da Äe da nagna centralnu banku da mu doĹĄtampa novca i to nema veze sa bankama nego politikom..
@BTCSRB: Za investicione instrumente koje si naveo treba videti koliko su uspeĹĄno nadvladavali inflaciju prethodnih decenija i da li su oÄuvali kupovnu moÄ. Za ĹĄtednju u banci i obveznice se i iz daleka vidi da nisu. US obveznice su u septembru imale drawdown od 48% od ATH iz 2020, a kao vaĹže sa sigurnu investiciju. Äak i u momentu dospeÄa posle 10-30 godina jako teĹĄko Äuvaju vrednost od inflacije.
A sada se zapitaj: da li zaista misliĹĄ da politiÄari kontroliĹĄu banke i bankare ili je moĹžda obrnuto? Nisu politiÄari ti koji su vlasnici krupnog kapitala.
Romeo_y_Cohiba: Ne investiraju svi na 10-30 godina za potrebe penzije. To je samo jedan od mnogo vidova i razloga investiranja. Nadvladavanje inflacije je isto tako samo jedan od kriterijuma. Samo pogledaĹĄ u ĹĄta jedan penzioni fond u SAD-u investira(hint: nije btc i nisu samo akcije). Npr. neki penzioni fondovi su od skoro poÄeli da investiraju u private equity ali iskljuÄivo do 15% veliÄine portfolija. PoÄeÄe i sa kriptom u nekom trenutku ali mogu da potpiĹĄem da Äe biti u joĹĄ manjem procentu nego PE. Niko nije blesav da grune teĹĄko steÄeni novac u neĹĄto tako riziÄno osim u jako malim iznosima.
Ne znam ko koga kontroliĹĄe ali Avram je bio daleko manji baja od Slobe 90ih i pitao se za stvari samo u meri koliko mu je bio dozvoljeno da se pita. Ratovanje koĹĄta i finansira se ĹĄtampanjem novca, nisu to neke neshvatljive stvari. Da ne priÄam da smo bili pod apsolutnim sankcijama celog sveta.
Virtual_Plenty_6047: Npr jedan od velikih uspeha Japana od pre par decenija je zahvaljujuÄi devalvaciji njihove valute, pa samim tim izvoz im je bio relativno jeftin. NaĹĄ dinar je jak, i to odgovara uvozniÄkom lobiju.
NaĹžalost mi ionako niĹĄta ne proizvodimo tako da ne verujem da bi neĹĄto pomoglo ako bi devalvirali dinar. Al svakako ovo je jedna viĹĄa ekonomija za koju naĹĄi politiÄari nisu dorasli.
@BTCSRB: Gde je obiÄan Äovek u tom velikom japanskom uspehu? Postali su zemlja starih i nesreÄnih mladih ljudi koji ne mogu da pobegnu iz "hamster wheel-a". Imaju "debt to GDP" od preko 260%. Taj dug nikada neÄe vratiti, a uz to Äe povuÄi u ambis pola sveta jer najveÄi drĹžaoci ameriÄkog duga - 14.5%. Spolja gladac, iznutra jadac. Iako je malo degutantno da mi iz Srbije komentariĹĄemo Japance, opet pitam: gde je proseÄan Japanac u celoj ovoj igri?
Why Japan Is Facing a Financial Disaster
PreporuÄujem da pogledate dokumentarac "Princes of the Yen | The Hidden Power of Central Banks" snimljenom po istoimenoj knjizi profesora Riharda Vernera koji je otac kvantitativnog popuĹĄtanja (quantitative easing) i ekspert za japansku ekonomiju i bankarski sistem.
Virtual_Plenty_6047: Zato sam rekao od pre nekoliko decenija. Jer su do pre nekih 30 godina bili 50 godina ispred celog sveta, sad su 20 godina iza naprednog sveta. Japanci su svako specifiÄni. Poenta mog komentara da postoji razlog za neke zemlje da oslabe svoju valutu, i moĹže itekako dobro da radi ako se radi u sinergiji sa nekim drugim ekonomskim merama. Tako da odgovor na to opet pitam, ne znam gde je proseÄni Japanac, uskoro tamo trebam da idem pa Äu ti reÄi. :'D
Odgledao sam ja ovaj dokumentarac odavno, super je. ProÄitao mnoge knjige, a ponajviĹĄe od Austrijske ekonomske ĹĄkole gde su pojedinci (Hayek) bili prvi koji su zagovarali novu decentralizovanu valutu, bili su u toj ĹĄkoli mnogi koji su prvi priÄali o problemu inflacije i ĹĄta je taÄno inflacija, ali su bili i za kapitalizam. Ali ovo je zaista jedna visoka ekonomija, videÄeĹĄ da nije baĹĄ sve tako jednostavno kao ĹĄto misliĹĄ.
Malo si previĹĄe u kriptovalutama pa gledaĹĄ na sve drugo u ekonomiji sa prekorom, pogotovu na kapitalizam. Evo i ja sam sam dobro investiran u kripto (uglavnom u BTC) pa sam itekako svestan da sve to moĹže na kraju da bude potpuna pizdarija.
p.s. Knjiga za preporuku: 23 stvari koje vam ne kazu o kapitalizmu
@BTCSRB: Nisam u kriptovalutama nego iskljuÄivo u BTC.
Nisam ja protiv kapitalizma samo ĹĄto nije pravi kapitalizam kada ne postoji slobodno trĹžiĹĄte novca, pa samim tim ne postoji uopĹĄte slobodno trĹžiĹĄte koliko god se Äinilo tako. Kada su ekonomski subjekti prisiljeni da koriste odreÄeni oblik novca, a monetarna politika se centralno planira - po meni tu nema slobodnog trĹžiĹĄta niti kapitalizma. Npr. formiranje cene Bitkoina i transakcionih naknada je Äisto slobodno trĹžiĹĄte jer tu nema "bailout-a", a BTC mining industrija je pravi primer slobodnog trĹžiĹĄta u kapitalizmu. Äista ponuda i potraĹžnja bez intervencionizma. Ako si neprofitabilan nema ti spasa i bankrotiraÄeĹĄ i nema nikoga ko Äe ti priteÄi u pomoÄ. Niko nije "too big to fail".
Znam da sam se ovde usredsredio usko na jednu industriju ali se moĹže primeniti na celokupnu ekonomiju. DrĹžave i centralne banke su suviĹĄne i apsolutno pokvare sve Äega se dotaknu pa Äe u sluÄaju potpune pizdarije odgovornost biti na njima, a ne na Bitkoinu i njegovim drĹžaocima.
kutija_keksa: Evo zaĹĄto btc nije pogodan kao valuta:
-Volatilna vrednost. Vrednost btc se menja i do 200% godiĹĄnje, dok dolar ne trpi inflaciju vecu od 10% godiĹĄnje (mada je u redovnim uslovima tipa 3%). Äak i dinar, ako gledaĹĄ realnu kupovnu moÄ u prodavnici nema volatilnost preko 30% na godiĹĄnjem nivou (jedno 7 puta niĹžu od BTC) Ako danas kupim BTC u vrednosti od 15 USD ne znam da li Äu sutra moÄi da kupim 10 ili 20 USD za isti taj BTC.
-âGas feesâ koji se plaÄaju na svaku transakciju, u poreÄenjusa keĹĄom koji nema takvih problema.
-Spor transfer novca. Arhitektura blockchaina ne dozvoljava mreĹži da procesuira viĹĄe od 10 transakcija po sekundi, ĹĄto znaÄida na transakciju moĹžete Äekati i po nekoloo sati, u poreÄenju sa keĹĄom (bez odugovlaÄenja) ili debitnim karticama (10 sekundi do 10 minuta). Visa i MasterCard procesuiraju hiljadu puta viĹĄe transakcija po sekundi.
-Retko ko eksplicitno prima BTC, tako da Äete plaÄati menjaÄnici na kursu u oba smera, i pritom Äekati menjaÄnicu.
-PodloĹžan je manipulacijama velikih igraÄa poput Ilona Maska i velikih banki koje su u zadnjih pet godina debelo uloĹžile u kripto. Fiat je na milosti drĹžave i njenih graÄana, dok je BTC na milost privatnih investitora. Kome verujete viĹĄe?
-SVE BTC transakcije su jsvne, ako neko zna koji novÄanik je vaĹĄ lako zna i koliko para ste kada slali kome, dok fiziÄke novÄanice nemaju taj problem.
-Vrednost i upotreljivost BTC ne garantuje niko, dok vrednost i upotrebljivost fiat valute barem donekle garantuje drĹžava. Na primer, Srbija garantuje da je dinar upotrebljiv jer zahteva da vodu, struju, poreze, namete i takse plaÄaĹĄ u dinarima, a i javni sektor (10% Äitavog stanovniĹĄtva) isplaÄuje iskljuÄivo u dinarima.
OP oÄigledno ima jako ostraĹĄÄenu ideoloĹĄku perspektivu... Ja nisam struÄnjak, ali je moj otac pisao nauÄne radove o blockchainu dok je bio na doktorskim studijama, joĹĄ kad je pomisao o BTC vrednijem od sto dolada bila smeĹĄna, tako da znam neĹĄto malo kroz priÄe sa njim. Uostalom, sve o Äemu priÄam lako je proveriti pomoÄu javnih podataka. Ono ĹĄto OP piĹĄe je jednim delom taÄno, ali su iznete samo one informacije koje idu u prilog BTC.
Kripto kao pobuna protiv fiata, centralnih banaka i vlada je imao ideoloĹĄke korene kod anarhista na internetu devedestih, meÄutim od njihovih belih papira i ĹĄpekulacija dobili smo neĹĄto ĹĄto je kao valuta beskorisno. BTC moĹže biti investicija, ako su ljudi iskreni sa sobom, ali ideja o valuti je prevaziÄena. Ako i neka kripto valuta drĹži do toga onda je to Monero koji bar ima anonimnost.
@BTCSRB: Ne ulazeÄi u sve iznete navode taksativno, ipak moram da prokomentariĹĄem neke od nepreciznih ili netaÄnih navoda.
Transakcione naknade kod Bitkoina se ne zovu "gas fees" veÄ "transaction fees". Kod keĹĄa nema takvih problema ali ga ne moĹžete poslati putem komunikacionog kanala bez posrednika. To mora da ima svoju cenu poĹĄto BTC majneri moraju da imaju neki podsticaj da ukljuÄe neÄiju transakciju u blok koji je ograniÄene veliÄine. BTC "fee market" je najslobodnije trĹžiĹĄte na svetu. Fiat novac nemate moguÄnost da poĹĄaljete na daljinu bez posrednika koji takoÄe naplaÄuje nekada dosta skupe naknade.
Besmisleno je porediti blokÄejn kao "settlement layer" sa Visom i Mastercardom koje ne sluĹže za finalno poravnanje. Glavni Bitkoin blokÄejn se moĹže pre uporediti s SWIFT-om ili FedWire-om kod kojih je jednom poravnata transakcija nepovratna, a Mastercard/Visa sa BTC "Lightning Network-om" koji sluĹži za brza i jeftina plaÄanja. Otac je trebalo da Vas nauÄi o Lightning mreĹži, kako funkcioniĹĄe i da je sposobna da procesuira viĹĄe miliona transakcija u sekundi. Lightning mreĹža takoÄe nudi veÄi nivo privatnosti od glavnog blokÄejna ali puno manju sigurnost.
Ne bih se sloĹžio da je fiat na milosti iskljuÄivo drĹžave i graÄana, samo Äu spomenuti Crnu sredu iz septembra 1992. godine i spekulativni napad na britansku funtu.
BTC transakcije su javne ali su pseudonimne ĹĄto znaÄi da je jako teĹĄko utvrditi identitet ukoliko adresa nije povezana sa identitetom korisnika. Generisanje BTC adrese ne zahteva nikakvu identifikaciju ("krvnu sliku") za razliku od otvaranja bankovnog raÄuna. MoĹže se generisati neograniÄen broj adresa i na razne naÄine prekinuti i zamaskirati veza transakcija izmeÄu njih radi oÄuvanja privatnosti. Ponovo, fiziÄke novÄanice ne moĹžemo slati putem komunikacionog kanala bez posrednika, podloĹžne su konfiskaciji, uniĹĄtenju i obezvreÄivanju.
Upotrebljivost Bitkoina garantuje "open source" kod, energija, matematika i kriptografija. To su mnogo jaÄe garancije nego obeÄanja bilo koje drĹžave koja su toliko puta u istoriji izigrale poverenje sopstvenog stanovniĹĄtva - poput Jugoslavije devedesetih.
Ja sam BTC spomenuo kao potencijalno reĹĄenje za (hiper)inflaciju tek u kraÄem delu na kraju teksta, a od Vas i od ostalih komentatora sam dobio nesrazmeran odgovor usmeren na Bitkoin, a puno manje usmeren na navode iz najveÄeg dela posta.
Tako ste i vi izneli iskljuÄivo informacije koje ne idu u prilog BTC-a, a potpuno ignorisali sve oÄigledne nedostatke fiat novca (kako u fiziÄkom, tako i u digitalnom obliku) koji su se i ispoljili tokom hiperinflacije devedesetih, a ispoljavaju se i dan-danas.
Svako dobro!
kutija_keksa: Zato su i âGas feesâ pod navodnicima.
Ne vidim zaĹĄto bi bilo dobro imati âslobodno trĹžiĹĄteâ kada se radi o kopaÄima.
Ali, Äak i da je dobro imati slobodno trĹžiĹĄte, morate primetiti da BTC kopanje nije tako slobodno. Postojanje ASIC maĹĄina znaÄi da se kopanje prevashodno isplati velikim igraÄima (ne mislim na likove sa 3 riser kartice u PC, nego na kineze sa skladiĹĄtima teĹĄkih preko milion u opremi). TakoÄe, te velike operacije organi vlasti mogu zaustaviti kad im se prohte (Kina).
Jako je teĹĄko izvuÄi BTC anonimno bez gubitka kod menjaÄa -- pojedinca ili non KYC institucije.
Ĺ to se upotrebljivosti BTC tiÄe, ĹĄta meni garantuje da Äu imati na ĹĄta da potroĹĄim BTC? To je kljuÄno pitanje. A kasa Jugoslovenski fiat nije bio upotebljiv, vidim da NemaÄki jeste. Isto tako, mislim da Äe USD biti upotrebljiv dugo, a kada USD bude neupotrebljiv druĹĄtvo Äe ionako biti u apokalipsi gde papir nije vaĹžan koliko i hrana, utoÄiĹĄte, voda, radio, municija, lekovi i vatreno oruĹžje.
Naravno da iznosim samo informacije koje proizilaze iz nedostataka, to je balans postu i komentarima. Da su ljudi samo blatili kripto moj komentar bi mnogo viĹĄe liÄio na originalni post nego na moj proĹĄli komentar. Ja se sa mnogim tvrdnjama u postu slaĹžem delimiÄno ili potpuno, samo Ĺželim da pruĹžim kontekst za tumaÄenje toga.
IdeoloĹĄki su mi Cryptopunks potpuno zanimljivi, ali cinizam je opravdan kada se u obzir uzme priÄa. Ljudi su Ĺželeli da se odupru bankama, vladama, kontroli i prismotri. Izmislili su tehnologiju. PoÄeli su da koriste i popularizuju tu tehnologiju. U prostor su uĹĄle banke i vlade, kupovanjem, prodajom i praÄenjem samog trĹžiĹĄta (danas sve velike menjaÄnice imaju KYC procedure). Kao u matriksu, kontrolisana opozicija. Ok, ovo je liÄna teorija zavere u koju ni ja ne verujem u potpunosti.
Ako govorimo o crypto kao valuti mislim da je XMR mnogo bolja VALUTA od BTC, dok je mnogo gora investicija. Jednostavno se slaĹžem sa politiÄkim i ideoloĹĄkim ciljevima pionira kripto valuta, ali smatram da su oni ogromnim delom iznevereni zbog ulaska banaka i drĹžava u celu priÄu, te njihova stara reĹĄenja viĹĄe ne reĹĄavaju originalne probleme.
@BTCSRB: BTC kao neutralni novac je za svakoga, pa i za bankare i drĹžave. Ne moĹžemo ih spreÄiti da ga kupe na trĹžiĹĄtu i stave ga u kakav god instrument, pa i ETF. Ne moĹžemo ih spreÄiti da ga konfiskuju od onih koji nisu dobro obezbedili svoje kljuÄeve. DrĹžave su regulisale ono ĹĄto su mogle, poput menjaÄnica, kroz AML/KYC procedure ali kakve to veze ima sa BTC-om? Na protokol kao protokol nisu mogle da utiÄu.
Ko Ĺželi i dalje moĹže koristiti BTC kako je i prvobitno predviÄeno - za p2p transakcije i skladiĹĄtenje vrednosti u "self custody-u". Bitkoin je i dalje "bearer asset" otporan na cenzuru i konfiskaciju. Ne vidim da je taj pravac promenjen samo zato ĹĄto su uĹĄle banke i drĹžave. MoĹžda nije u duhu Bitkoina da ga kupuju fondovi pa ga prodaju upakovanog u ETF. Najmanje je u duhu bitkoina da se nekome zabrani da ga kupuje.
Kako to mislite "ne vidite zaĹĄto bi bilo dobro imati âslobodno trĹžiĹĄteâ kada se radi o kopaÄima? Na decentralizaciji mininga se radi (StratumV2 protkol, Ocean pool...), a kineski primer je samo pokazatelj koliko je otporno: nakon zabrane raĹĄirilo se dodatno po svetu, a u Kini se i dalje nalazi 21% heĹĄrejta. Majneri imaju veoma male margine profita zbog same prirode rudarenja i halvinga pa Äe bilo kakav "fck around" poput cenzure transakcija verovatno znaÄiti bankrot.
MoĹžemo do sutra priÄati o XMR vs BTC i naveĹĄÄu puno razloga zaĹĄto XMR ne moĹže i neÄe zaĹživeti kao novac, a pre svega je manjak decentralizacije (neograniÄena veliÄina blokÄejna) i otpornost na drĹžavni napad - sve ĹĄto Bitkoin ima. Kada je novac u pitanju pobednik nosi sve i tu je Monero veÄ izgubio, dok Äe BTC poboljĹĄanu privatnost obezbediti na ostalim nivoima, sidechainovima itd (Lightning, Liquid, Cashu, Fedimint, Ark i ko zna ĹĄta sve ĹĄto joĹĄ i ne postoji - nivo developmenta u Bitkoin prostoru je ogroman).
Dolar Äe uvek u nekom obliku biti upotrebljiv ali ne znaÄi da Äe zauvek ostati svetska rezervna valuta, kao ĹĄto i danas postoji funta ali odavno nije viĹĄe ono ĹĄto je bila na vrhuncu Britanske imperije.
kutija_keksa: Pa ti protokoli spreÄavaju pljude da anonimno kupe BTC.
Mislim, BTC realno ima neku primenu, ali ja ga danas npr. imam Äisto kao neku malu investicijicu, i to joĹĄ od doba kad je kopanje sa 2 grafiÄke u kuÄnom PC bilo isplativo po skupoj struji. Ali BTC prosto nije dobra alternativa fiziÄkom novcu na nivou drĹžave zbog volatilnosti i manjka kontrole. Jedna ogromna poluga drĹžave je puĹĄtanje u promet novog novca, i tako se kontroliĹĄe inflacija, pored menjanja kamatnih stopa. Bez moguÄnosti ĹĄtampe gubi se i taj faktor kontrole. A inflacija od 2-3% godiĹĄnje je zdrava, dok je za ekonomiju deflacija (kojoj je BTC bar delimiÄno sklon) haos, jer smanjuje ekonomsku aktivnost i investicije...
Ĺ to se tiÄe drĹžavnog napada na XMR, misliĹĄ na to kako jedna drĹžava moĹže da realistiÄno sprovede 51% napad?
XMR nije vrhovna valuta ali meni se sviÄa kako za njega nema ASIC maĹĄina, kako je anoniman u smislu da ne moĹžeĹĄ lako da provaliĹĄ ko kome koliko i kada ĹĄalje ĹĄta... Mislim da Äe XMR sigurno u toj privacy niĹĄi zameniti neka druga valuta kroz 10-15 godina koja ima bolji algoritam i tehnologiju...
Dobra dosetka za veliÄinu blockchaina, ali ona je trenutno 160GB cela / 50 GB pruned, tako neĹĄto. Sve dok nije preko 10TB (100x) veÄa moĹže je pohraniti najveÄi hard disk namenjen âobiÄnim ljudimaâ, a kad se doÄe do tad verovatno Äe i cene tih diskova biti pristupaÄnije nego danas. Sa druge strane, agresivan pruning je takoÄe opcija. A da ne govorimo o sidechainovima koji takoÄe postoje za XMR.
Da, to za dolar je i moja poenta, nekako Äe biti upotrebljiv uvek, dok je kripto neupotrebljiv bez neta, a i nema mnogo ĹĄta da se kupi kriptom u poreÄenju sa fiatom. I
@BTCSRB: Ima bezbroj naÄina da se nabavi non-KYC Bitkoin: coinjoin, coinmixing, rudarenje u non-KYC pulu, nabavka nekog drugog kripta putem KYC menjaÄnice pa "trustless atomic swap" za BTC, nabavka KYC BTC-a putem Lightning-a pa "submarine swap" on-chain, zatim nabavka bilo kog KYC kripta ili Lightning ili on-chain BTC-a pa swap na sidechain Liquid BTC gde su transakcije tajne sliÄno XMR-u i nazad swap na on-chain. Naravno i stara narodska razmena na ulici. XMR se isto moĹže koristiti za svrhu nabavke non-KYC Bitkoina. U svim ovim sluÄajevima se adrese koje su krajnje destinacije tih sredstava ne mogu ili jako teĹĄko povezati sa KYC identitetom korisnika. ViĹĄe na: kycnot.me
Diskusija o tome da li je zdrava i potrebna inflacija i da li je uopĹĄte potreban drĹžavni intervencionizam u ekonomiji je stara diskusija izmeÄu Kejnzijanske i Austrijske ekonomske ĹĄkole. Po meni svaka inflacija je pljaÄka. Da ne govorimo da centralni bankari ne snose nikakvu odgovornost za gubitak kontrole nad inflacijom koji se meri u stotinama procenata "omaĹĄka" jer kada je ciljana inflacija 2%, a imamo inflaciju od 10% to je onda promaĹĄaj od 500%. A svi vodeÄi centralni bankari su i dalje na svojim funkcijama od poÄetka inflacije negde 2020. godine iako su izneverili sva oÄekivanja. Nisu izabrani od strane naroda i nemoguÄe ih je smeniti od strane naroda, a utiÄu na Ĺživote svih!
Usled tehnoloĹĄkog napretka i rasta produktivnosti, prirodno stanje slobodnog trĹžiĹĄta je pad cena, a ne njihov konstantan rast kroz inflaciju. Ne postoji nikakva "poĹželjna" ili "neophodna" inflacija, svaka "ciljana" inflacija je pljaÄka koji onemoguÄava populaciju da uĹživa u plodovima sopstvene produktivnosti u obliku niĹžih cena svih roba i usluga. Bitkoin zbog svoje fiksne ponude novca u opticaju (21 milion novÄiÄa = apsolutna digitalna oskudnost) nameÄe ovu disciplinu slobodnog trĹžiĹĄta i tehnoloĹĄkog napretka. Dok je postojeÄi duĹžniÄki fiat sistem dizajniran da krade plodove produktivnosti, Bitkoin omoguÄava populaciji da ih zadrĹži u obliku niĹžih cena.
Kada nema rasta cena, inflacija je 0% i cene su stabilne. KraÄa i tada postoji, jer cene prirodno padaju zbog poveÄanja efikasnosti proizvodnje/usluga, gde bi se tada veca koliÄina robe/usluga, takmiÄila za istu (fiksnu) koliÄinu novÄa od 21M BTC-a.
Kakav je ishod ove diskusije nije bitno, bitno je da sada svako ima slobodu izbora kakav novac Ĺželi da koristi a ne da bude prisiljen da koristi iskljuÄivo inflatorni novac. Ako se neko ne slaĹže sa modernom monetarnom teorijom, sada ima alternativu koju nekada nije imao (zlato je odavno izgubilo bitku sa MMT) pre postojanja Bitkoina.
kutija_keksa: Neki od ovih non kyc nacina su mi vec bili poznati, neki nisu, ovo je bas informativan komentar.
A ĹĄto je inflacija pljaÄka? Bez obzira na inflaciju, broj novÄanica u novÄaniku ostaje isti, to ĹĄto se one sada mogu zameniti za manje robe je druga priÄa. Da li je onda i zlato pljaÄka, jer neko kupi, na primer, 100g zlata danas, a sutra na trĹžiĹĄtu cena zlata padne? Da li je onda pljaÄka i BTC, jer i danas i kad je BTC bio na vrhuncu cene imam isti broj satoshija, samo je danas njihova vrednost manja?
Ne vidim zaĹĄto bi centralni bankari snosili odgovornost zbog inflacije. Oni ugrobo imaju dve poluge za kontrolu inflacije: kamatne stope i ĹĄtampanje novca. U realnosti na inflaciju utiÄe mnogo faktora na koje centralna banka nema uticaj, niti koje moĹže da predvidi: pandemije, ratovi, drĹžavni budĹžeti i zaduĹživanja, trgovina u datoj valuti (i izvoz i uvoz), porast i pad produktivnosti... Oni imaju donekle uticaj, ali nisu svemoÄni.
Ĺ to se tiÄe izbora, ovo veÄ zalazi u politiku a ne u finansije, ali ni direktor poĹĄte, ni direktor EPS, ni direktor vodovoda nisu birani na izborima na kojima glasaju svi, a utiÄu na Ĺživote svih!
Ne verujem u kripto kao spasioce kapitalizma ili pojedinca. Ovo je sada viĹĄe politiÄki, ali zaista mislim da u kapitalizmu proseÄna osoba nema slobode, a da je kripto u najbolju ruku jedna mala stavka koja omoguÄava skladiĹĄtenje steÄenog kapitala (ovo se dobija ako prihvatimo sve kripto pozitivne teze), ali ne reĹĄava problem radnika koji Äine 95% druĹĄtva i doprinose 99% vrednosti a kapitala kontroliĹĄu viĹĄestruko manje.
Otkud znam, ono, da rezimiram: kripto je koristan alat koji joĹĄ nije dostigao svoj vrhunac, ali neÄe neĹĄto mnogo promeniti svet. To je neko moje viÄenje.
@BTCSRB: Kako nije pljaÄka? Broj novÄanica u novÄaniku ostaje isti ali ukupan broj novca u opticaju se uveÄava i tako obezvreÄuje tvoje novÄanice. InaÄe, znaĹĄ vrlo dobro da fiziÄki keĹĄ Äini manje od 10% ukupnog novca u opticaju, a ostalo je digitalno. Dakle "money supply" se uveÄava pritiskom na dugme tastature raÄunara u FED/ECB/NBS... Neko stvara novac ni iz Äega za koji svi moramo da radimo troĹĄeÄi svoje dragoceno i ograniÄeno vreme na ovom svetu. Tako nam efektivno krade vreme poĹĄto tvoj radni sat iz proĹĄlosti konstantno moĹže da kupi manje roba i usluga u buduÄnosti, a zbog tehnoloĹĄkog napretka i rasta produktivnosti bi realno cene trebaju da budu niĹže vremenom
Kako moĹžeĹĄ da porediĹĄ fiat, zlato i BTC u tom smislu? Vrednost fiata prevashodno smanjuje ljudska manipulacija sa strane ponude koja se uvek uveÄava, dok je potraĹžnja permanentno rastuÄa zbog zakona o "legal tenderu" i rasta privrede i broja stanovnika. Ovo sa BTC je strana potraĹžnje koju reguliĹĄe slobodno trĹžiĹĄte dok ukupna ponuda nije podloĹžna ljudskoj manipulaciji. DugoroÄno, vrednost zlata i BTC raste sa rastuÄom potraĹžnjom jer nema manipulacije ponude.
Centralni bankari Äe optuĹžiti sve druge faktore da bi skrenuli paĹžnju sa svoje odgovornosti za inflaciju, a za ratove se moĹže reÄi da su Äak i sauÄesnici poĹĄto tokovi novca mogu utvrditi veoma zanimljivu vezu izmeÄu njih i vojno-industrijskog kompleksa. Na stranu to, dolarska monetarna masa je samo izmeÄu februara i aprila 2020. uveÄana za 1.39 biliona/triliona ĹĄto je viĹĄe nego ukupna monetarna masa iz 2008-09 krize. U krizi 2008-09 su od septembra 2008. do januara 2009. naĹĄtampali 803 milijarde i tako uveÄali monetarnu masu za 88% sa 909 milijardi na 1712 milijardi - to znaÄi da su 4 meseca naĹĄtampali skoro isto novca kao tokom celih 95 prethodnig godina sopstvenog postojanja Federalnih rezervi. Te 2020. su i potpuno ukinuli obavezne rezerve u komercijalnim bankama.
ECB je naĹĄtampala 1T evra "zbog kovida". A kao naĹĄtampali su jer je bila zatvorena celokupna privreda, pa ĹĄto ste tako agresivno zatvarali privredu - trebalo je da pustite ljude da rade a ne da se igrate Mao Ce Tunga. I uprkos nezapamÄenom ĹĄtampanju ti isti centralni bankari su nazivali inflaciju "prolaznom" - dakle ni zrnce odgovornosti.
Ako u kapitalizmu proseÄna osoba nema slobode, ĹĄta reÄi za komunizam gde ne da nema slobode nego nema ni Ĺživota poĹĄto su komunistiÄki reĹžimi pobili na desetine miliona ljudi?
Na hipotetiÄkom BTC standardu zbog fiksne koliÄine novca u opticaju bi se popravio poloĹžaj radnika jer kapitalisti ne mogu da beskonaÄno uveÄavaju svoj BTC kapital i kupovna moÄ i radnika i kapitalista bi procentualno podjednako rasla i obiÄan radnik bi imao mnogo bolje ĹĄanse da i sam postane kapitalista nego danas. Imao bi moguÄnost da ĹĄtedi od svoje plate jer mu novac ne bi gubio vrednost i u nekom trenutku bi iz svoje ĹĄtednje finansirao neki biznis, a ne zaduĹživanjem. Tako bi se ravnomernije rasporedilo druĹĄtveno bogatstvo ali ne centralnim planiranjem nego kroz slobodno trĹžiĹĄte.
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@ 3283ef81:0a531a33
2025-05-24 18:12:47Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit\ enean magna lorem, dignissim et nisl a, iaculis eleifend dolor
uspendisse potenti
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@ 0e9491aa:ef2adadf
2025-05-24 18:01:14Humanity's Natural State Is Chaos
Without order there is chaos. Humans competing with each other for scarce resources naturally leads to conflict until one group achieves significant power and instates a "monopoly on violence."Power Brings Stability
Power has always been the key means to achieve stability in societies. Centralized power can be incredibly effective in addressing issues such as crime, poverty, and social unrest efficiently. Unfortunately this power is often abused and corrupted.Centralized Power Breeds Tyranny
Centralized power often leads to tyrannical rule. When a select few individuals hold control over a society, they tend to become corrupted. Centralized power structures often lack accountability and transparency, and rely too heavily on trust.Distributed Power Cultivates Freedom
New technology that empowers individuals provide us the ability to rebuild societies from the bottom up. Strong individuals that can defend and provide for themselves will help build strong local communities on a similar foundation. The result is power being distributed throughout society rather than held by a select few.In the short term, relying on trust and centralized power is an easy answer to mitigating chaos, but freedom tech tools provide us the ability to build on top of much stronger distributed foundations that provide stability while also cultivating individual freedom.
The solution starts with us. Empower yourself. Empower others. A grassroots freedom tech movement scaling one person at a time.
If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.
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@ 8bad92c3:ca714aa5
2025-05-24 18:01:02Key Takeaways
Lyn Alden unpacks the complex interplay of global trade imbalances, the dollarâs entrenched reserve currency status, and Americaâs eroded industrial base, arguing that aggressive tariffs under Trump have backfired by hurting U.S. businesses without reversing decades of offshoring. She illustrates how China has rapidly ascended the value chain, dominating key industries and making it nearly impossible for the U.S. to build a trade coalition against them. Despite the U.S.âs massive debt and persistent global demand for dollars, cracks are forming in the system as nations explore alternative payment systems and neutral reserve assets like gold and Bitcoin. Lyn emphasizes that Bitcoinâs most effective path to integration is through grassroots and corporate adoption, not government-led initiatives, and warns that unless the U.S. urgently scales its energy and industrial capacity, it risks falling further behind Chinaâs unmatched pace of growth and infrastructure dominance.
Best Quotes
- "The trade deficit is often described as us sending out pieces of paper and getting goods and services, which sounds like a really good deal."
- "It's better to correct these imbalances from a position of strength, not weakness."
- "All that debt creates inflexible demand for dollars. Thereâs literally way more demand than dollars in the system."
- "China became the largest auto exporter in the world in just four years."
- "Bitcoin isnât changing to fit into the global financial system. The global financial system is changing to fit Bitcoin."
- "Individuals, small businesses, corporationsâthese are the real drivers of Bitcoin adoption. Not governments."
Conclusion
This episode offers a sobering look at Americaâs trade and currency dilemmas, with Lyn Alden explaining why quick policy fixes like tariffs canât reverse decades of deindustrialization tied to the dollarâs reserve status. She highlights the rise of neutral reserve assets like gold and Bitcoin as important hedges, stressing that grassroots and corporate adoption will be more effective than government-led efforts. Lyn also warns that without a major push to expand energy production, the U.S. risks falling behind in an AI-driven, hardware-centric world, urging strategic humility and innovation to navigate the shifting global order.
Timestamps
0:00 - Intro
0:31 - Triffin's dilemma
8:10 - Debt leverage
11:04 - Fold & Bitkey
12:41 - Trump's goals and tariff policy
19:54 - Unchained
20:24 - China is not weak
30:07 - Energy
37:15 - AI/robots
41:11 - SBR
48:47 - Bitcoin credit products
52:40 - Eventful week for bitcoinTranscript
(00:00) They ramped up tariffs super high, super quickly. In many cases, were so high that they hurt us as much as some of our trade adversaries. China has ramped up to like unfathomable degrees. Nuclear, solar, pretty much everything that they can throw money at they're building. The trade is often described as us sending out pieces of paper and getting goods and services, which sounds like a really good deal.
(00:19) They take those slips of paper and then they buy our stocks. They buy our corporate bonds and government bonds. And so they end up owning a larger and larger share of corporate America. got the headphone hair. I'm all out of whack, Lynn. It's been a long week here in Austin. Yeah, I can imagine. It's been a long time since we've talked on the show. It's been two years.
(00:41) I was checking, which is a astonishing to me. But no better time than now. Uh I think quite literally based off of all the conversations we've had uh over the years. I mean, your famous saying, nothing stops this train. I think we're coming to a juncture where that's becoming abundantly clear. and you wrote uh a newsletter earlier this week, I believe you sent it out Sunday, that basically highlighted the crux of the problem, which is the dollar reserve status and the almost impossible task that Trump would like to accomplish, but
(01:21) likely isn't the case, which is sort of solving Triffin's dilemma of reshoring manufacturing while keeping US dollar dominance. So I think diving into this from first principles would be great. Sure. Yeah. And that's that's the um I can imagine the administration's challenge of trying to communicate this because uh the intricacies of how trade deficits and the reserve currency kind of pair together is very wonkish.
(01:46) It it kind of has this like academic quality to it that doesn't go over well uh in kind of political oriented speeches. Um like I would I would be terrible at a political rally for example when I try to explain any of this. Um and so we kind of have this situation where um and this was outlined back during the Breton Wood system by Triffin as you mentioned uh which is that having the reserve currency does come with a bunch of benefits um you know historically called a extraordin uh exorbitant privilege um but then it has certain costs to
(02:15) maintain it and those costs can vary a bit depending on how the system structure. So for example back in the Bretton Woods era the cost was that we kept draining our gold reserves. uh we basically had to kind of keep paying out our go gold gold reserves to maintain that part of the system and in the current formation uh instead we kind of pay for it with our industrial base.
(02:36) We keep kind of sending out little parts of our industrial base over time to maintain the the global reserve currency status. And there's a few reasons for that. One is that um because unlike every other fiat currency, the dollar has all these extra demands for it by countries all around the world. um all these different purposes.
(02:55) um there's this extra demand for dollars which sounds good on the surface and as for Americans for example we have tons of import power when we go on vacations to the rest of the world it's you know we have pretty strong purchasing power compared to when they come to the US um these things seem good on the surface but it also means that it's pretty expensive to manufacture lower margin things here at home uh and so we have this kind of situation where our imports are very strong our exports uh especially lower margin stuff is less uh
(03:22) competitive whereas we can still be competitive competitive on really high margin stuff, you know, technology, finance, healthcare, that kind of thing. Um, and then the other aspect is that even if you could somehow solve that, there's the more fundamental problem, which is that the whole world needs dollars uh for the you know, global reserve currency status to use it for international contract pricing, crossber financing, one side of every trade pair that they do, all these different purposes as a reserve asset. Um uh and
(03:51) when you step back and say, "Well, how do they get all those dollars if they're all using dollars? How did all those dollars get out there?" And the answer is trade deficits. Um basically that overvalued aspect forces open the US trade deficit. And every year we send out hundreds of billions or sometimes a trillion dollars in net outflows.
(04:10) And over years and decades, these have accumulated out there. And so, uh, kind of the way it works is that if you want to fix the trade deficit, which I've been I've been writing about since 2019, I think that's a I think that's a valid mandate to do. Um, unfortunately does come with trade-offs.
(04:26) Uh, some of the some of the benefits that that you know that we enjoy at the cost of the trade deficit. Um, if you do want to kind of fix that imbalance, it comes up, you know, with with basically giving away at least some of those benefits and prioritizing that that industrial base a bit more. And one of the dynamics that you highlighted in your newsletter, which makes sense, but wasn't very clear to me before, is that via these deficits, we flood international markets with dollars because we're sending parts of our industrial base over there. But then
(05:00) it's like cyclical. They take those dollars and then reinvest them in US financial assets. So it has this sort of flow where it goes out but then it comes back in into the financialized economy via equities and real estate and other such assets and that is good for asset owners here in the United States.
(05:19) But again I think that's is part of the bag of mandate is that sort of cycle has led to this large wealth gap in the United States that they're trying to fix. Yeah. Exactly. Um and so basically the opposite side of a current account deficit which is basically so the trade deficit plus things like interest and dividends.
(05:39) Um so we run a structural current account deficit and the opposite side of that is a capital account surplus. Um which is that funds flow in the rest of the world and buy our financial assets. Uh and so it's the the trade deficit is often described as us sending out pieces of paper and getting goods and services which sounds like a really good deal.
(05:57) Um but then the extra step of that that you mentioned is that they take those slips of paper or really those electronic digits that they have and then they buy our stocks, they buy our real estate, they buy our private equity, they they buy our corporate bonds and government bonds and so they end up owning a larger and larger share of corporate America as part of their kind of accumulated uh trade surpluses uh and reserve assets and uh international private assets.
(06:22) Um, and the kind of the consequence of this, if you kind of like view the foreign sector as an intermediary, we're basically constantly kind of taking economic vibrancy out of, you know, Michigan and Ohio and, uh, you know, rural Pennsylvania where the steel m -
@ 8bad92c3:ca714aa5
2025-05-24 18:01:01Marty's Bent
via me
It seems like every other day there's another company announced that is going public with the intent of competing with Strategy by leveraging capital markets to create financial instruments to acquire Bitcoin in a way that is accretive for shareholders. This is certainly a very interesting trend, very bullish for bitcoin in the short-term, and undoubtedly making it so bitcoin is top of mind in the mainstream. I won't pretend to know whether or not these strategies will ultimately be successful or fail in the short, medium or long term. However, one thing I do know is that the themes that interest me, both here at TFTC and in my role as Managing Partner at Ten31, are companies that are building good businesses that are efficient, have product-market-fit, generate revenues and profits and roll those profits into bitcoin.
While it seems pretty clear that Strategy has tapped into an arbitrage that exists in capital markets, it's not really that exciting. From a business perspective, it's actually pretty straightforward and simple; find where potential arbitrage opportunities exists between pools of capital looking for exposure to spot bitcoin or bitcoin's volatility but can't buy the actual asset, and provide them with products that give them access to exposure while simultaneously creating a cult-like retail following. Rinse and repeat. To the extent that this strategy is repeatable is yet to be seen. I imagine it can expand pretty rapidly. Particularly if we have a speculative fervor around companies that do this. But in the long run, I think the signal is falling back to first principles, looking for businesses that are actually providing goods and services to the broader economy - not focused on the hyper-financialized part of the economy - to provide value and create efficiencies that enable higher margins and profitability.
With this in mind, I think it's important to highlight the combined leverage that entrepreneurs have by utilizing bitcoin treasuries and AI tools that are emerging and becoming more advanced by the week. As I said in the tweet above, there's never been a better time to start a business that finds product-market fit and cash flows quickly with a team of two to three people. If you've been reading this rag over the last few weeks, you know that I've been experimenting with these AI tools and using them to make our business processes more efficient here at TFTC. I've also been using them at Ten31 to do deep research and analysis.
It has become abundantly clear to me that any founder or entrepreneur that is not utilizing the AI tools that are emerging is going to get left behind. As it stands today, all anyone has to do to get an idea from a thought in your head to the prototype stage to a minimum viable product is to hop into something like Claude or ChatGPT, have a brief conversation with an AI model that can do deep research about a particular niche that you want to provide a good service to and begin building.
Later this week, I will launch an app called Opportunity Cost in the Chrome and Firefox stores. It took me a few hours of work over the span of a week to ideate and iterate on the concept to the point where I had a working prototype that I handed off to a developer who is solving the last mile problem I have as an "idea guy" of getting the product to market. Only six months ago, accomplishing something like this would have been impossible for me. I've never written a line of code that's actually worked outside of the modded MySpace page I made back in middle school. I've always had a lot of ideas but have never been able to effectively communicate them to developers who can actually build them. With a combination of ChatGPT-03 and Replit, I was able to build an actual product that works. I'm using it in my browser today. It's pretty insane.
There are thousands of people coming to the same realization at the same time right now and going out there and building niche products very cheaply, with small teams, they are getting to market very quickly, and are amassing five figures, six figures, sometimes seven figures of MRR with extremely high profit margins. What most of these entrepreneurs have not really caught on to yet is that they should be cycling a portion - in my opinion, a large portion - of those profits into bitcoin. The combination of building a company utilizing these AI tools, getting it to market, getting revenue and profits, and turning those profits into bitcoin cannot be understated. You're going to begin seeing teams of one to ten people building businesses worth billions of dollars and they're going to need to store the value they create, any money that cannot be debased.
Grant Gilliam, one of the co-founders of Ten31, wrote about this in early 2024, bitcoin being the fourth lever of equity value growth for companies.
[
Bitcoin Treasury - The Fourth Lever to Equity Value Growth
Most companies do not hold enough bitcoin There is a saying you often hear in bitcoin circles that âyou can never have enough bitcoin.â This is typically expressed by those who have spent the time to both understand bitcoinâs unique and superior monetary properties and also to appreciate why tho
Ten31 - Investors in bitcoin infrastructure and freedom techGrant Gilliam
](https://ten31.vc/insights/treasury?ref=tftc.io)
We already see this theme playing out at Ten31 with some of our portfolio companies, most notably Strike, which recently released some of their financials, highlighting the fact that they're extremely profitable with high margins and a relatively small team (~75). This is extremely impressive, especially when you consider the fact that they're a global company competing with the likes of Coinbase and Block, which have each thousands of employees.
Even those who are paying attention to the developments in the AI space and how the tools can enable entrepreneurs to build faster aren't really grasping the gravity of what's at play here. Many are simply thinking of consumer apps that can be built and distributed quickly to market, but the ways in which AI can be implemented extend far beyond the digital world. Here's a great example of a company a fellow freak is building with the mindset of keeping the team small, utilizing AI tools to automate processes and quickly push profits into bitcoin.
via Cormac
Again, this is where the exciting things are happening in my mind. People leveraging new tools to solve real problems to drive real value that ultimately produce profits for entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs who decide to save those profits in bitcoin will find that the equity value growth of their companies accelerates exponentially as they provide more value, gain more traction, and increase their profits while also riding the bitcoin as it continues on its monetization phase. The compounded leverage of building a company that leverages AI tools and sweeps profits into bitcoin is going to be the biggest asymmetric play of the next decade. Personally, I also see it as something that's much more fulfilling than the pure play bitcoin treasury companies that are coming to market because consumers and entrepreneurs are able to recive and provide a ton of value in the real economy.
If you're looking to stay on top of the developments in the AI space and how you can apply the tools to help build your business or create a new business, I highly recommend you follow somebody like Greg Isenberg, whose Startup Ideas Podcast has been incredibly valuable for me as I attempt to get a lay of the land of how to implement AI into my businesses.
America's Two Economies
In my recent podcast with Lyn Alden, she outlined how our trade deficits create a cycle that's reshaping America's economic geography. As Alden explained, US trade deficits pump dollars into international markets, but these dollars don't disappear - they return as investments in US financial assets. This cycle gradually depletes industrial heartlands while enriching financial centers on the coasts, creating what amounts to two separate American economies.
"We're basically constantly taking economic vibrancy out of Michigan and Ohio and rural Pennsylvania where the steel mills were... and stuffing it back into financial assets in New York and Silicon Valley." - Lyn Alden
This pattern has persisted for over four decades, accelerating significantly since the early 1980s. Alden emphasized that while economists may argue there's still room before reaching a crisis point, the political consequences are already here. The growing divide between these two Americas has fueled populist sentiment as voters who feel left behind seek economic rebalancing, even if they can't articulate the exact mechanisms causing their hardship.
Check out the full podcast here for more on China's man
-
@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b
2025-05-24 17:11:28Originalni tekst na bitcoin-balkan.com.
Pregled sadrĹžaja
- Odakle PotiÄe Bitcoin?
- Koje Probleme ReĹĄava Bitcoin?
- Kako se Bitcoin razvijao u poslednjoj deceniji?
Bitcoin je peer to peer elektronski keĹĄ, novi oblik digitalnog novca koji se moĹže prenositi izmeÄu ljudi ili raÄunara, bez potrebe za uÄestvovanjem pouzdanog posrednika (kao ĹĄto je banka) i Äije izdavanje nije pod kontrolom nijedne stranke.
Zamislite papirni dolar ili metalni novÄiÄ. Kad taj novac date drugoj osobi, ona ne mora da zna ko ste vi.
On samo treba da veruju da novac koji dobiju od vas nije falsifikat. ObiÄno, proveravanje falsifikata âfiziÄkogâ novca, ljudi rade koristeÄi samo oÄi i prste ili koristeÄi specijalnu opremu za testiranje ukoliko se radi o znaÄajnijoj sumi novca.
VeÄina plaÄanja u naĹĄem digitalnom druĹĄtvu vrĹĄi se putem Interneta koriĹĄÄenjem neke posredniÄke usluge: kompanije za izdavanje kreditnih kartica poput Visa, snabdevaÄa digitalnih plaÄanja kao ĹĄto je PayPal ili Apple Pay ili mreĹžne platforme poput WeChat u Kini.
Kretanje ka digitalnom plaÄanju sa sobom donosi oslanjanje na nekog centralnog aktera koji mora odobriti i verifikovati svaku uplatu.
Priroda novca se promenila od fiziÄkog predmeta koji moĹžete da nosite, prenesete i autentifikujete do digitalnih bitova koje mora da Äuva i verifikuje treÄa strana koja kontroliĹĄe njihov prenos.
Odricanjem od gotovine u korist âudobnihâ digitalnih plaÄanja, mi takoÄe stvaramo sistem u kome dajemo ogromna ovlaĹĄÄenja onima koji bi poĹželeli da nas tlaÄe.
Platforme za digitalno plaÄanje postale su osnova distopijskih autoritarnih metoda kontrole, poput onih koje kineska vlada koristi za nadgledanje disidenata i spreÄava graÄane, Äije ponaĹĄanje im se ne svidja, da kupuju robu i plaÄaju usluge.
Bitcoin nudi alternativu centralno kontrolisanom digitalnom novcu sa sistemom koji nam vraÄa prirodu koriĹĄÄenja keĹĄa â Äovek Äoveku, ali u digitalnom obliku.
Bitcoin je digitalno sredstvo koje se izdaje i prenosi preko mreĹže meÄusobno povezanih raÄunara, od koji svaki od njih samostalno potvrÄuje da svi ostali igraju po pravilima.
Bitcoin MreĹža
Odakle PotiÄe Bitcoin?
Bitcoin je izumela osoba ili grupa poznata pod pseudonimom Satoshi Nakamoto, oko 2008. godine.
Niko ne zna Satoshijev identitet, a koliko znamo, oni su nestali i o njima se godinama niĹĄta nije Äulo.
11.februara 2009. godine, Satoshi je pisao o ranoj verziji Bitcoin-a na mreĹžnom forumu za cypherÂpunkere, ljude koji rade na tehnologiji kriptografije i koji su zabrinuti za privatnost i slobodu pojedinca.
Iako ovo nije prvo zvaniÄno objavljivanje Bitcoin-a, sadrĹži dobar rezime Satoshi-jevih motiva.
Razvio sam novi P2P sistem e-keĹĄa otvorenog koda pod nazivom Bitcoin. Potpuno je decentralizovan, bez centralnog servera ili pouzdanih stranki, jer se sve zasniva na kripto dokazima umesto na poverenju. [âŚ]
Osnovni problem konvencionalne valute je potpuno poverenje koje je potrebno za njeno funkcionisanje. Centralnoj banci se mora verovati da necĚe devalvirati valutu, ali istorija tradicionalnih valuta je puna primera krĹĄenja tog poverenja. Bankama se mora verovati da drĹže naĹĄ novac i prenose ga elektronskim putem, ali one ga daju u talasima kreditnih balona sa deliÄem rezerve. Moramo im verovati sa naĹĄom privatnoĹĄÄu, verovati im da necĚe dozvoliti da kradljivci identiteta pokradu naĹĄe raÄune. Njihovi ogromni reĹžijski troĹĄkovi onemogucĚavaju mikro placĚanja.
Generaciju ranije, viĹĄekorisniÄki time-sharing raÄunarski sistemi imali su sliÄan problem. Pre pojave jake enkripcije, korisnici su morali da imaju pouzdanje u zaĹĄtitu lozinkom kako bi zaĹĄtitili svoje fajlove [âŚ]
Tada je jaka enkripcija postala dostupna ĹĄirokim masama i viĹĄe nije bilo potrebno poverenje. Podaci bi se mogli osigurati na naÄin koji je fiziÄki bio nemogucĚ za pristup drugima, bez obzira iz kog razloga, bez obzira koliko je dobar izgovor, bez obzira na sve.
Vreme je da imamo istu stvar za novac. Uz e-valutu zasnovanu na kriptografskom dokazu, bez potrebe da verujete posredniku trecĚe strane, novac moĹže biti siguran i transakcije mogu biti izvrĹĄene bez napora. [âŚ]
ReĹĄenje Bitcoin-a je koriĹĄcĚenje peer-to-peer mreĹže za proveru dvostruke potroĹĄnje. Ukratko, mreĹža radi poput distribuiranog servera vremenskih Ĺžigova, obeleĹžavajuÄi prvu transakciju koja je potroĹĄila novÄicĚ. Potrebna je prednost prirode informacije koju je lako ĹĄiriti, ali je teĹĄko uguĹĄiti. Za detalje o tome kako to funkcioniĹĄe, pogledajte Älanak o dizajnu na bitcoin.org
Satoshi Nakamoto
Koje Probleme ReĹĄava Bitcoin?
Razdvojimo neke od Satoshi-jevih postova kako bismo uvideli razloge njegove motivacije.
âRazvio sam novi P2P sistem e-keĹĄa otvorenog koda.â
P2P je skraÄenica za peer to peer i ukazuje na sistem u kojem jedna osoba moĹže da komunicira sa drugom bez ikoga u sredini, kao medjusobno jednaki.
MoĹžete se setiti P2P tehnologija za razmenu datoteka poput Napster-a, Kazaa-e i BitTorrrent-a, koje su prve omoguÄile ljudima da dele muziku i filmove bez posrednika.
Satoshi je dizajnirao Bitcoin kako bi omoguÄio ljudima da razmenjuju e-keĹĄ, elektronski keĹĄ, bez prolaska preko posrednika na pribliĹžno isti naÄin.
Softver je otvorenog koda, ĹĄto znaÄi da svako moĹže videti kako funkcioniĹĄe i doprineti tome.
Ne treba da verujemo ni u ĹĄta ĹĄto je Satoshi napisao u svom postu o tome kako softver radi.
MoĹžemo pogledati kod i sami proveriti kako to funkcioniĹĄe. Ĺ taviĹĄe, moĹžemo promeniti funkcionalnost sistema promenom koda.
âPotpuno je decentralizovan, bez centralnog servera ili pouzdanih stranki âŚâ
Satoshi napominje da je sistem decentralizovan kako bi se razlikovao od sistema koji imaju centralnu kontrolu.
Prethodne pokuĹĄaje stvaranja digitalne gotovine poput DigiCash-a od strane Davida Chaum-a podrĹžavao je centralni server, raÄunar ili skup raÄunara koji je bio odgovoran za izdavanje i verifikaciju plaÄanja pod kontrolom jedne korporacije.
Takve, centralno kontrolisane privatne ĹĄeme novca, bile su osuÄene na propast; ljudi se ne mogu osloniti na novac koji moĹže nestati kada kompanija prestane sa poslovanjem, bude hakovana, pretrpi pad servera ili je zatvori vlada.
Bitcoin odrĹžava mreĹža pojedinaca i kompanija ĹĄirom sveta.
Da bi se Bitcoin iskljuÄio, bilo bi potrebno iskljuÄiti desetine do stotine hiljada raÄunara ĹĄirom sveta u isto vreme, zauvek, od kojih su mnogi na nepoznatim lokacijama.
Bila bi to beznadeĹžna igra, jer bi svaki napad ove prirode jednostavno podstakao stvaranje novih Bitcoin Ävorova ili raÄunara na mreĹži.
â⌠sve se zasniva na kripto dokazima umesto na poverenjuâ
Internet, a u stvari i veÄina savremenih raÄunarskih sistema, izgraÄeni su na kriptografiji, metodi prikrivanja informacija, tako da je moĹže dekodirati samo primalac informacije.
Kako se Bitcoin oslobaÄa potrebe za poverenjem? Umesto da verujemo nekome ko kaĹže âJa sam Alisaâ ili âImam 10 $ na raÄunuâ, moĹžemo koristiti kriptografsku matematiku da bismo izneli iste Äinjenice na naÄin koji je vrlo lako verifikovati od strane primaoca dokaza ali ga je nemoguÄe falsifikovati.
Bitcoin u svom dizajnu koristi kriptografsku matematiku kako bi uÄesnicima omoguÄio da provere ponaĹĄanje svih ostalih uÄesnika, bez poverenja u bilo koju centralnu stranku.
âMoramo im verovati [bankama] sa naĹĄom privatnoĹĄÄu, verovati im da neÄe dozvoliti da kradljivci identiteta pokradu naĹĄe raÄuneâ
Za razliku od koriĹĄÄenja vaĹĄeg bankovnog raÄuna, sistema digitalnog plaÄanja ili kreditne kartice, Bitcoin omoguÄava dvema stranama da obavljaju transakcije bez davanje bilo kakvih liÄnih podataka.
Centralizovana skladiĹĄta potroĹĄaÄkih podataka koji se Äuvaju u bankama, kompanijama sa kreditnim karticama, procesorima plaÄanja i vladama, predstavljaju pravu poslasticu za hakere.
Kao dokaz Satoshi-jeve poente sluĹži primer iz 2017. godine kada je Equifax masovono kompromitovan, kada su hakeri ukrali identifikacione i finansijske podatke za viĹĄe od 140 miliona ljudi.
Bitcoin odvaja finansijske transakcije od stvarnih identiteta.
Na kraju krajeva, kada nekome damo fiziÄki novac, on nema potrebu da zna ko smo, niti treba da brinemo da Äe nakon naĹĄe razmene moÄi da iskoristi neke informacije koje smo mu dali da ukrade joĹĄ naĹĄeg novca.
ZaĹĄto ne bismo oÄekivali isto, ili Äak i bolje, od digitalnog novca?
âCentralnoj banci se mora verovati da neÄe devalvirati valutu, ali istorija tradicionalnih valuta je puna primera krĹĄenja tog poverenja.â
Pojam tradicionalna valuta, odnosi se na valutu izdatu od strane vlade i centralne banke, koju vlada proglaĹĄava zakonskim sredstvom plaÄanja.
Istorijski, novac je nastao od stvari koje je bilo teĹĄko proizvesti, koje su bile lake za proveravanje i transport, poput ĹĄkoljki, staklenih perli, srebra i zlata.
Kad god bi se neĹĄto koristilo kao novac, postojalo je iskuĹĄenje da se stvori viĹĄe toga.
Ako bi neko pronaĹĄao vrhunsku tehnologiju za brzo stvaranje velike koliÄine neÄega, ta stvar bi izgubila vrednost.
Evropski naseljenici uspeli su da liĹĄe afriÄki kontinent bogatstva trgujuÄi staklenim perlicama koje su se lako proizvodile za ljudske robove.
Isto se dogodilo sa ameriÄkim indijancima, kada su kolonisti otkrili naÄin brze proizvodnje vampum ĹĄkoljki, koje su starosedeoci smatrali retkim.
Vremenom, ĹĄirom sveta ljudi su shvatili da je samo zlato dovoljno retko da deluje kao novac, bez straha da bi neko drugi mogao da ga stvori u velikim koliÄinama.
Polako smo preĹĄli sa svetske ekonomije koja je koristila zlato kao novac na onu gde su banke izdavale papirne sertifikate kao dokaz posedovanja tog zlata.
Nixon je okonÄao meÄunarodnu konvertibilnost ameriÄkog dolara u zlato 1971. godine, privremenim reĹĄenjem, koje je ubrzo postalo trajno.
Kraj zlatnog standarda omoguÄio je vladama i centralnim bankama da imaju punu dozvolu da poveÄavaju novÄanu masu po svojoj volji, razredjujuÄi vrednost svake novÄanice u opticaju, poznatije kao umanjenje vrednosti.
Iako je izdata od strane vlade, suĹĄtinska tradicionalna valuta je novac koji svi znamo i svakodnevno koristimo, ipak je relativno novo iskustvo u opsegu svetske istorije.
Moramo verovati naĹĄim vladama da ne zloupotrebljavaju njegovo ĹĄtamparije, i ne treba nam puno muke da nadjemo primere krĹĄenja tog poverenja.
U autokratskim i centralno planiranim reĹžimima gde vlada ima prst direktno na maĹĄini za novac, kao ĹĄto je Venecuela, valuta je postala gotovo bezvredna.
Venecuelanski Bolivar preĹĄao je sa 2 bolivara za 1 ameriÄki dolar, koliko je vredeo 2009. godine, na 250.000 bolivara za 1 ameriÄki dolar 2019. godine.
Pogledajte koliko novÄanica je bilo potrebno za kupovinu piletine u Venecueli posle hiperinflacije.
Satoshi je Ĺželeo da ponudi alternativu tradicionalnoj valuti Äija se ponuda uvek nepredvidivo ĹĄiri.
Da bi spreÄilo umanjenje vrednosti, Satoshi je dizajnirao novÄani sistem gde je zaliha bila fiksna i izdavana po predvidljivoj i nepromenjivoj stopi.
PostojaÄe samo 21 milion Bitcoin-a.
MeÄutim, svaki Bitcoin se moĹže podeliti na 100 miliona jedinica koje se sada nazivaju satoshis (sats-ovi), ĹĄto Äe Äiniti ukupno 2,1 kvadriliona satoshi-a u opticaju oko 2140. godine.
Pre Bitcoin-a nije bilo moguÄe spreÄiti beskrajnu reprodukciju digitalnih sredstava.
Kopirati digitalnu knjigu, audio datoteku ili video zapis i poslati ga prijatelju, je jeftino i lako.
Jedini izuzeci od toga su digitalna sredstva koja kontroliĹĄu posrednici.
Na primer, kada iznajmite film sa iTunes-a, moĹžete ga gledati na vaĹĄem ureÄaju samo zato ĹĄto iTunes kontroliĹĄe distribuciju tog filma i moĹže ga zaustaviti nakon perioda njegovog iznajmljivanja.
SliÄno tome, vaĹĄa banka kontroliĹĄe vaĹĄ digitalni novac. Zadatak banke je da vodi evidenciju koliko novca imate.
Ako ga prenesete nekom drugom, oni Äe odobriti ili odbiti takav prenos.
Bitcoin je prvi digitalni sistem koji sprovodi oskudicu bez posrednika i prvo je sredstvo poznato ÄoveÄanstvu Äija je nepromenljiva ponuda i raspored izdavanja poznat unapred.
Ni plemeniti metali poput zlata nemaju ovo svojstvo, jer uvek moĹžemo iskopati sve viĹĄe i viĹĄe zlata ukoliko je to isplativo.
Zamislite da otkrijemo asteroid koji sadrĹži deset puta viĹĄe zlata nego ĹĄto ga imamo na zemlji.
Ĺ ta bi se dogodilo sa cenom zlata uzimajuÄi u obzir tako obilnu ponudu? Bitcoin je imun na takva otkriÄa i manipulisanje nabavkom.
Jednostavno je nemoguÄe proizvesti viĹĄe od toga (21 miliona).
âPodaci bi se mogli osigurati na naÄin koji je fiziÄki bio nemoguÄ za pristup drugima, bez obzira iz kog razloga, bez obzira koliko je dobar izgovor, bez obzira na sve. [âŚ] Vreme je da imamo istu stvar za novac â
NaĹĄe trenutne metode obezbeÄivanja novca, poput stavljanja u banku, oslanjaju se na poverenje nekome drugom da Äe obaviti taj posao.
Poverenje u takvog posrednika ne zahteva samo sigurnost da on neÄe uÄiniti neĹĄto zlonamerno ili glupo, veÄ i da vlada neÄe zapleniti ili zamrznuti vaĹĄa sredstva vrĹĄeÄi pritisak na ovog posrednika.
MeÄutim, videli smo bezbroj puta da vlade mogu, i zaista uskraÄuju pristup novcu kada se oseÄaju ugroĹženo.
Nekom ko Ĺživi u Sjedinjenim DrĹžavama ili nekoj drugoj visoko regulisanoj ekonomiji moĹžda zvuÄi glupo da razmiĹĄlja da se probudi sa oduzetim novcem, ali to se dogaÄa stalno.
PayPal mi je zamrzao sredstva jednostavno zato par meseci nisam koristio svoj raÄun.
Trebalo mi je viĹĄe od nedelju dana da vratim pristup âsvomâ novcu.
SreÄan sam ĹĄto Ĺživim u Europi, gde bih se bar mogao nadati da Äu potraĹžiti neko pravno reĹĄenje ako mi PayPal zamrzne sredstva i gde imam osnovno poverenje da moja vlada i banka neÄe ukrasti moj novac.
Mnogo gore stvari su se dogodile, i trenutno se deĹĄavaju, u zemljama sa manje slobode.
Banke su se zatvorile tokom kolapsa valuta u GrÄkoj.
Banke na Kipru su koristile kaucije da konfiskuju sredstva od svojih klijenata.
Indijska vlada je proglasila odreÄene novÄanice bezvrednim.
BivĹĄi SSSR, u kojem sam odrastao, imao je ekonomiju pod kontrolom vlade ĹĄto je dovelo do ogromnih nestaĹĄica robe.
Bilo je nezakonito posedovati strane valute kao ĹĄto je ameriÄki dolar.
Kada smo poĹželeli da odemo, mojoj porodici je bilo dozvoljeno da zameni samo ograniÄenu koliÄinu novca po osobi za ameriÄke dolare po zvaniÄnom kursu koji je bio u velikoj meri razliÄit od pravog kursa slobodnog trĹžiĹĄta.
U stvari, vlada nam je oduzela ono malo bogatstva koje smo imali koristeÄi gvozdeni stisak na ekonomiji i kretanju kapitala.
Autokratske zemlje imaju tendenciju da sprovode strogu ekonomsku kontrolu, spreÄavajuÄi ljude da na slobodnom trĹžiĹĄtu povuku svoj novac iz banaka, iznesu ga iz zemlje ili da ga razmene u ne joĹĄ uvek bezvredne valute poput ameriÄkog dolara.
To omoguÄava vladinoj slobodnoj vladavini da primeni sulude ekonomske eksperimente poput socijalistiÄkog sistema SSSR-a.
Bitcoin se ne oslanja na poverenje u treÄu stranu da bi osigurao vaĹĄ novac.
Umesto toga, Bitcoin onemoguÄava drugima pristup vaĹĄim novÄiÄima bez jedinstvenog kljuÄa koji imate samo vi, bez obzira iz kog razloga, bez obzira koliko je dobar izgovor, bez obzira na sve.
DrĹžeÄi Bitcoin, drĹžite kljuÄeve sopstvene finansijske slobode. Bitcoin razdvaja novac i drĹžavu
âReĹĄenje Bitcoin-a je koriĹĄÄenje peer-to-peer mreĹže za proveru dvostruke potroĹĄnje [âŚ] poput distribuiranog servera vremenskih Ĺžigova, obeleĹžavajuÄi prvu transakciju koja je potroĹĄila novÄiÄâ
MreĹža se odnosi na ideju da je gomila raÄunara povezana i da mogu meÄusobno slati poruke.
ReÄ distribuirano znaÄi da ne postoji centralna stranka koja kontroliĹĄe, veÄ da svi uÄesnici koordiniraju medjusobno kako bi mreĹža bila uspeĹĄna.
U sistemu bez centralne kontrole, bitno je znati da niko ne vara. Ideja dvostruke potroĹĄnje odnosi se na moguÄnost troĹĄenja istog novca dva puta.
FiziÄki novac odlazi iz vaĹĄe ruke kad ga potroĹĄite. MeÄutim, digitalne transakcije se mogu kopirati baĹĄ kao muzika ili filmovi.
Kada novac ĹĄaljete preko banke, oni se pobrinu da isti novac ne moĹžete da prebacujete dva puta.
U sistemu bez centralne kontrole potreban nam je naÄin da spreÄimo ovu vrstu dvostruke potroĹĄnje, koja je u suĹĄtini ista kao i falsifikovanje novca.
Satoshi opisuje da uÄesnici u Bitcoin mreĹži rade zajedno kako bi vremenski oznaÄili (doveli u red) transakcije kako bismo znali ĹĄta je bilo prvo.
Zbog toga moĹžemo odbiti sve buduÄe pokuĹĄaje troĹĄenja istog novca.
Satoshi se uhvatio u koĹĄtac sa nekoliko zanimljivih tehniÄkih problema kako bi reĹĄio probleme privatnosti, uniĹĄtavanja vrednosti i centralne kontrole u ââtrenutnim monetarnim sistemima.
Na kraju je stvorio peer to peer mreĹžu kojoj se svako mogao pridruĹžiti bez otkrivanja svog identiteta ili potrebe da veruje bilo kom drugom uÄesniku.
Kako se Bitcoin razvijao u poslednjoj deceniji?
Doprinosi izvornom kodu Bitcoina
Kada je Bitcoin pokrenut, samo nekolicina ljudi ga je koristila i pokrenula Bitcoin softver na svojim raÄunarima za napajanje Bitcoin mreĹže.
VeÄina ljudi u to vreme mislila je da je to ĹĄala ili da Äe se otkriti ozbiljni nedostaci u dizajnu sistema koji Äe ga uÄiniti neizvodljivim.
Vremenom se mreĹži pridruĹžilo sve viĹĄe ljudi koji su pomoÄu svojih raÄunara dodali sigurnost mreĹži.
Ljudi su poÄeli da menjaju Bitcoin-e za robu i usluge, dajuÄi mu stvarnu vrednost. Pojavile su se menjaÄnice valuta koje su menjale Bitcoin-e za gotovo sve tradicionalne valute na svetu.
Deset godina nakon izuma, Bitcoin koriste milioni ljudi sa desetinama do stotinama hiljada Ävorova koji pokreÄu besplatni Bitcoin softver, koji se razvija od strane stotina dobrovoljaca i kompanija ĹĄirom sveta.
Bitcoin mreĹža je porasla kako bi obezbedila vrednost veÄu od stotine biliona dolara.
RaÄunari koji uÄestvuju u zaĹĄtiti Bitcoin mreĹže poznati su kao rudari/majneri.
Oni rade u industrijskim operacijama ĹĄirom sveta, ulaĹžuÄi milione dolara u specijalni rudarski hardver koji radi samo jedno: pobrinuti se da je Bitcoin najsigurnija mreĹža na planeti.
Rudari troĹĄe elektriÄnu energiju kako bi transakcije Bitcoin-a uÄinile sigurnim od modifikacija. BuduÄi da se rudari meÄusobno takmiÄe za oskudan broj Bitcoin-a proizvedenih dnevno, oni uvek moraju da pronalaze najjeftinije izvore energije na planeti da bi ostali profitabilni.
Rudari rade na razliÄitim mestima, od hidroelektrana u dalekim krajevima Kine do vetroparkova u Teksasu, do kanadskih naftnih polja koja proizvode gas koji bi u suprotnom bio odzraÄen ili spaljen u atmosferi.
Iako je Bitcoin popularna tema i o njemu se Äesto raspravlja u medijima, procenjujemo da je samo nekoliko miliona ljudi na svetu poÄelo da redovno ĹĄtedi Bitcoin.
Za mnoge ljude, posebno za one koji nikada nisu Ĺživeli pod represivnim reĹžimima, ovaj izum novog oblika digitalnog novca izvan kontrole vlade moĹže biti veoma izazovan za razumevanje i prihvatanje.
Zato sam ja ovde. Ĺ˝elim da vam pomognem da razumete Bitcoin i budete gospodar svoje buduÄnosti!
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@ 0e9491aa:ef2adadf
2025-05-24 17:01:16For years American bitcoin miners have argued for more efficient and free energy markets. It benefits everyone if our energy infrastructure is as efficient and robust as possible. Unfortunately, broken incentives have led to increased regulation throughout the sector, incentivizing less efficient energy sources such as solar and wind at the detriment of more efficient alternatives.
The result has been less reliable energy infrastructure for all Americans and increased energy costs across the board. This naturally has a direct impact on bitcoin miners: increased energy costs make them less competitive globally.
Bitcoin mining represents a global energy market that does not require permission to participate. Anyone can plug a mining computer into power and internet to get paid the current dynamic market price for their work in bitcoin. Using cellphone or satellite internet, these mines can be located anywhere in the world, sourcing the cheapest power available.
Absent of regulation, bitcoin mining naturally incentivizes the build out of highly efficient and robust energy infrastructure. Unfortunately that world does not exist and burdensome regulations remain the biggest threat for US based mining businesses. Jurisdictional arbitrage gives miners the option of moving to a friendlier country but that naturally comes with its own costs.
Enter AI. With the rapid development and release of AI tools comes the requirement of running massive datacenters for their models. Major tech companies are scrambling to secure machines, rack space, and cheap energy to run full suites of AI enabled tools and services. The most valuable and powerful tech companies in America have stumbled into an accidental alliance with bitcoin miners: THE NEED FOR CHEAP AND RELIABLE ENERGY.
Our government is corrupt. Money talks. These companies will push for energy freedom and it will greatly benefit us all.
Microsoft Cloud hiring to "implement global small modular reactor and microreactor" strategy to power data centers: https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-cloud-hiring-to-implement-global-small-modular-reactor-and-microreactor-strategy-to-power-data-centers/
If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.
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@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b
2025-05-24 16:13:51Originalni tekst na bitcoin-balkan.com.
Pregled sadrĹžaja
- Definisanje novca
- Ĺ ta je sredstvo razmene?
- Ĺ ta je obraÄunska jedinica?
- Ĺ ta je zaliha vrednosti?
- ZaĹĄto su vaĹžne funkcije novca?
- Novac Gubi Funkciju: AlhemiÄar iz Njutonije
- Eksploatacija pomoÄu Novca: Agri Perle
- Novac Gubi Funkciju 2. Deo: Kejnslandski Bankar
- Da li nas novac danas eksploatiĹĄe?
- Ĺ ta je novac, i zaĹĄto trebate da brinete?
- Efikasnija UĹĄteda Novca
- Zasluge
- Molim vas da ĹĄerujete!
Google izveĹĄtava o stalnom poveÄanju interesa u svetu za pitanje âĹ ta je novac?â koji se postavlja iz godine u godinu, od 2004. do 2021., a sa naglim porastom nakon finansijske krize 2008. godine.
I izgleda se da niko nema dobar odgovor za to.
GodiĹĄnji proseci meseÄnih interesa za pretragu. 100 predstavlja najveÄi interes za pretragu tokom Äitavog perioda, koji se dogodio u decembru 2019. Podaci sa Google Trends-a.
MeÄutim, odgovaranje na ovo naizgled jednostavno pitanje pomoÄi Äe vam da razjasnite ulogu novca u vaĹĄem Ĺživotu. Jednom kada shvatite kako novac funkcioniĹĄe, taÄno Äete videti i zaĹĄto svet danas ludi â i ĹĄta uÄiniti povodom toga. Zato hajde da se udubimo u to.
Na pitanje ĹĄta je novac, veÄina ljudi otvori svoje novÄanike i pokaĹže nekoliko novÄanica â âevo, ovo je novac!â
Ali po Äemu se ove novÄanice razlikuju od stranica vaĹĄe omiljene knjige? Pa, naravno, zavod za izradu novÄanica te zemlje je odĹĄtampao te novÄanice iz vaĹĄeg novÄanika kako bi se oduprla falsifikovanju, i svi ih koriste da bi kupili odredjene stvari.
MeÄutim, NemaÄka Marka imala je sva ova svojstva u proĹĄlosti â ali preduzeÄa danas ne prihvataju te novÄanice. Zapravo, graÄani NemaÄke su poÄetkom dvadesetih godina proĹĄlog veka spaljivali papirne Marke kako bi grejali svoje domove. Marka je imala veÄu vrednost kao papir za potpalu nego kao novac!
1923. nemaÄka valuta poznata kao Marka bila je jeftinija od uglja i drveta!
Pa ĹĄta to Äini novac, novcem?
Ispostavilo se da ovo nije pitanje na koje je lako dati odgovor.
Definisanje novca
Novac nije fiziÄka stvar poput novÄanice dolara. Novac je druĹĄtveni sistem koji koristimo da bismo olakĹĄali trgovinu robom i uslugama. MeÄutim, tokom istorije fiziÄka monetarna dobra igrala su kljuÄnu ulogu u druĹĄtvenom sistemu novca, Äesto kao znakovi koji predstavljaju vrednost u monetarnom sistemu. Ovaj sistem ima tri funkcije: 1) Sredstvo Razmene, 2) ObraÄunsku Jedinicu i 3) Zalihu Vrednosti.
Odakle dolaze ove funkcije, i zaĹĄto su one vredne?
Ĺ ta je sredstvo razmene?
Sredstvo razmene je neko dobro koje se obiÄno razmenjuje za drugo dobro. NajÄeĹĄÄe objaĹĄnjenje za to kako su se pojavila sredstva razmene glasi otprilike ovako: Boris ima jeÄam i Ĺželeo bi da kupi ovcu od Marka. Marko ima ovce, ali Ĺželi samo piliÄe. Ana ima piliÄe, ali ona ne Ĺželi jeÄam ili ovce.
To se naziva problem sticaja potreba: dve strane moraju da Ĺžele ono ĹĄto druga ima da bi mogle da trguju. Ako se Ĺželje dve osobe ne podudaraju, oni moraju da pronaÄu druge ljude sa kojima Äe trgovati dok svi ne pronaÄu dobro koje Ĺžele.
Ljudi koji trguju robom i uslugama moraju da imaju potrebe koje se podudaraju.
Vremenom, veoma je verovatno da Äe se odreÄena vrsta robe, poput pĹĄenice, pojaviti kao sredstvo razmene jer su je mnogi ljudi Ĺželeli. UzimajuÄi pĹĄenicu kao primer: pĹĄenica je reĹĄila âsticaje potrebaâ u mnogim zanatima, jer Äak i ako onaj koji prima pĹĄenicu a nije Ĺželeo da je koristi za sebe, znao je da Äe je neko drugi Ĺželeti.
Ovo nazivamo prodajnost imovine.
PĹĄenica je dobar primer dobra za prodaju jer svi moraju da jedu, a od pĹĄenice se pravi hleb. PĹĄenica ima vrednost kao sastojak hleba i kao dobro koje olakĹĄava trgovinu reĹĄavanjem problema âsticaja potrebaâ.
Razmislite o svojoj Ĺželji da dobijete viĹĄe novÄanica u eurima ili drugoj valuti. Ne moĹžete da jedete novÄanice da biste preĹživeli, a i ne bi vam bile od velike koristi ako poĹželite da ih koristite kao graÄevinski materijal za vaĹĄu kuÄu. MeÄutim, znate da sa tim novÄanicama moĹžete da kupite hranu i kuÄu.
Stvarne fiziÄke novÄanice su beskorisne za vas. NovÄanice su vam dragocene samo zato ĹĄto Äe ih drugi prihvatiti za stvari koje su vama korisne.
Tokom dugog perioda istorije, novac je evoluirao do te mere da monetarno dobro moĹže imati vrednost, a da to dobro ne sluĹži za bilo koju drugu âsuĹĄtinskuâ upotrebu, poput hrane ili energije. Umesto toga, njegova upotreba je zaliha vrednosti i jednostavna zamena za drugu robu u bilo kom trenutku koji poĹželite.
Ĺ ta jedno dobro Äini poĹželjnijim i prodajnijim od drugog dobra?
Deljivost
Definicija: Sposobnost podele dobra na manje koliÄine.
LoĹĄ Primer: Dijamante je teĹĄko podeliti na manje komade. Za zajednicu od hiljada ljudi koji dnevno izvrĹĄe milione transakcija, dijamanti Äine loĹĄe sredstvo razmene. PreviĹĄe su retki i nedeljivi da bi se koristili za mnoge transakcije.
UjednaÄenost
Definicija: SliÄnost pojedinaÄnih jedinica odredjenog dobra.
LoĹĄ Primer: Krave nisu ujednaÄene â neke su veÄe, neke manje, neke bolesne, neke zdrave. Sa druge strane, unca Äistog zlata je jednoliÄna â jedna unca je potpuno ista kao sledeÄa. Ovo svojstvo se takoÄe Äesto naziva zamenljivost.
Prenosivost
Definicija: LakoÄa transporta dobra.
LoĹĄ Primer: Krava nije baĹĄ prenosiva. Zlatnici su priliÄno prenosivi. Papirne novÄanice su joĹĄ prenoĹĄljivije. Knjiga u kojoj se jednostavno beleĹži vlasniĹĄtvo nad tim vrednostima (poput Rai kamenog sistema ili digitalnog bankovnog raÄuna) je neverovatno prenosiva, jer nema fiziÄkog dobra koje treba nositi sa sobom za kupovinu. Postoji samo sistem za evidentiranje vlasniĹĄtva nad tim vrednostima u nematerijalnom obliku.
Kako dobro postaje sredstvo razmene?
Dobra postaju, i ostaju sredstva razmene zbog svoje univerzalne potraĹžnje, takoÄe poznate kao njihova prodajnost, Äemu pomaĹžu svojstva koja su gore nabrojana.
Mnogo razliÄitih dobara mogu u razliÄitoj meri delovati kao sredstva razmene u ekonomiji. Danas, naĹĄa globalna ekonomija koristi valute koje izdaju drĹžave, zlato, pa Äak i robu poput nafte kao sredstvo razmene.
Ĺ ta je obraÄunska jedinica?
Stvari se komplikuju kada u ekonomiji postoji mnogo robe koja se prodaje. Äak i sa samo 5 dobara, postoji 10 âkurseva razmeneâ izmeÄu svake robe kojih svi u ekonomiji moraju da se sete: 1 svinja se menja za 15 piliÄa, 1 pile se menja za 15 litara mleka, desetak jaja se menja za 15 litara mleka, i tako dalje. Ako ekonomija ima 50 dobara, meÄu njima postoji 1.225 âkurseva razmeneâ!
Sredstvo za merenje vrednosti
Zamislite obraÄunsku jedinicu kao sredstvo za merenje vrednosti. Umesto da se seÄamo vrednosti svakog dobra u poredjenju sa drugim dobrima, mi samo treba da se setimo vrednosti svakog dobra u poredjenju sa jednim dobrom â obraÄunskom jedinicom.
Umesto da se setimo 1.225 kurseva razmene kada imamo 50 proizvoda na trĹžiĹĄtu, mi treba da zapamtimo samo 50 cena.
Na primer, ne treba da se seÄamo da litar mleka vredi 1/15 piletine ili desetak jaja, moĹžemo da se samo setimo da litar mleka koĹĄta 1USD.
PoreÄenje dobara je lakĹĄe sa obraÄunskom jedinicom
ObraÄunska jedinica takoÄe olakĹĄava uporeÄivanje vrednosti i donoĹĄenje odluka. Zamislite da pokuĹĄavate da kupite par Nike Air Jordan patika kada ih jedan prodavac prodaje za jedno pile, a drugi za 50 klipova kukuruza.
Ĺ ta je zaliha vrednosti?
Do sada smo gledali samo primere transakcija koje se odvijaju u odreÄenom trenutku u vremenu.
MeÄutim, ljudi vrĹĄe transakcije tokom vremena â oni ĹĄtede novac i troĹĄe ga kasnije. Da bi odredjeno dobro moglo da funkcioniĹĄe pravilno kao monetarno dobro, ono treba da odrĹži vrednost tokom vremena.
Novac koji vremenom dobro drĹži vrednost daje njegovom imaocu viĹĄe izbora kada Äe taj novac da potroĹĄi.
To znaÄi da prodajnost dobra ukljuÄuje njegovu sposobnost da odrĹži vrednost tokom vremena.
Ĺ ta jedno dobro Äini boljom zalihom vrednosti od drugog dobra?
Trajnost
Definicija: Sposobnost dobra da vremenom zadrĹži svoj oblik.
LoĹĄ Primer: Jagode Äine loĹĄu zalihu vrednosti jer se lako oĹĄtete i brzo trunu.
Odluka je daleko lakĹĄa ako jedan prodavac naplaÄuje 150 USD, a drugi 200 USD â odmah je oÄigledno koja je bolja ponuda jer su vrednosti izraĹžene u istoj jedinici.
TeĹĄke za Proizvodnju
Definicija: TeĹĄkoÄe koje ljudi imaju u proizvodnji veÄe koliÄine dobra.
LoĹĄ Primer: Papirne novÄanice predstavljaju loĹĄu zalihu vrednosti jer banke i vlade mogu jeftino da ih naprave.
Sa zlatom je suprotno â u ponudi se nalazi ograniÄena koliÄina uprkos velikoj potraĹžnji za njim, jednostavno zato ĹĄto ga je vrlo teĹĄko iskopati iz zemlje. Ova ograniÄena ponuda osigurava da svaka jedinica zlata odrĹži vrednost tokom vremena.
Kako dobra postaju zalihe vrednosti?
Dobro postaje zaliha vrednosti ako se vremenom pokaĹže trajnim i teĹĄkim za proizvodnju.
Samo Äe vreme pokazati da li je neko dobro zaista trajno i da li ga je teĹĄko proizvesti. Zbog toga neki oblici novca su postojali vekovima pre nego ĹĄto je neko otkrio naÄin da ih proizvede viĹĄe, i na kraju se to dobro viĹĄe nije koristilo kao novac.
Ovo je priÄa o ĹĄkoljkama, Rai kamenju i mnogim drugim oblicima novca tokom istorije.
Zlato je primer dobra koje je hiljadama godina sluĹžilo kao dobra zaliha vrednosti. Zlato se ne razgraÄuje tokom vremena i joĹĄ uvek ga je teĹĄko proizvesti. Hiljadama godina alhemiÄari su bezuspeĹĄno pokuĹĄavali da sintetiĹĄu zlato iz jeftinih materijala.
Äak i sa danaĹĄnjim naprednim rudarskim tehnikama, svake godine svi svetski rudnici zlata zajedno mogu da proizvedu samo 2% od ukupne ponude zlata u prometu.
TeĹĄkoÄe u proizvodnji zlata daju izuzetno visok odnos âzaliha i protokaâ: zaliha je broj postojeÄih jedinica, a protok su nove jedinice stvorene tokom odreÄenog vremenskog perioda. Svake godine se stvori vrlo malo novih jedinica zlata, iako je potraĹžnja za zlatom obiÄno vrlo velika.
KombinujuÄi ovo sa deljivoĹĄÄu, ujednaÄenoĹĄÄu i prenosivoĹĄÄu zlata, nije ni Äudo ĹĄto je zlato ÄoveÄanstvu sluĹžilo kao monetarno dobro tokom poslednjih 5.000 godina. PoĹĄto je zlato teĹĄko proizvesti, moĹžemo ga nazvati teĹĄkim novcem (hard money).
Kao rezultat toga, svoju vrednost je u velikoj meri zadrĹžao kroz milenijume. Cena veÄine dobara i usluga u pogledu zlata zapravo se vremenom smanjivala kao rezultat tehnoloĹĄkih inovacija, koje sve proizvode Äine jeftinijim.
Uzmimo na primer cene hrane prema praÄenju Kancelarije za hranu i poljoprivredu UN-a: sa obzirom na skokove u poljoprivrednoj tehnologiji tokom poslednjih 60 godina, cene hrane drastiÄno su pale kada se procenjuju u zlatu. To Äak i vaĹži uprkos Äinjenici da obiÄni ljudi retko koriste zlato za kupovinu stvari.
Cene hrane su padale u pogledu zlata tokom proteklih 60 godina, i mnogo pre toga (FAO Indeks Cena Hrane u Zlatu)
Zaliha vrednosti omoguÄava ljudima da uĹĄtede novac kako bi mogli da ga ulaĹžu u pokretanje preduzeÄa i obrazovanje, poveÄavajuÄi produktivnost druĹĄtva.
Monetarna dobra koja dobro Äuvaju vrednost takoÄe podstiÄu dugoroÄniji pogled na Ĺživot, ili kratke vremenske preference. Pojedinac moĹže da radi 10 godina, uĹĄtedi odredjeno monetarno dobro koje je dobra zaliha vrednosti, i nema potrebe da se plaĹĄi da Äe njegova uĹĄteÄevina biti izbrisana krahom trĹžiĹĄta ili poveÄanjem ponude tog dobra.
ZaĹĄto su vaĹžne funkcije novca?
Kada neki oblik novca izgubi bilo koju od svojih vaĹžnih funkcija kao ĹĄto su sredstvo razmene, obraÄunska jedinica i zaliha vrednosti, celokupna ekonomija i druĹĄtvo mogu da se rastrgnu.
Tokom istorije Äesto vidimo grupe ljudi koje eksploatiĹĄu druge iskoriĹĄÄavajuÄi nesporazume o novcu i vaĹžnosti njegovih funkcija.
SledeÄe, proÄi Äu kroz istoriju novca, prvo hipotetiÄki da bih ilustrovao poentu, a zatim Äu preÄi na stvarne istorijske primere. Kroz ove primere videÄemo ĹĄtetne efekte na druĹĄtva u sluÄajevima kada se izgubi samo jedna od tih kljuÄnih funkcija novca.
Novac Gubi Funkciju: AlhemiÄar iz Njutonije
Kroz istoriju, mnoga dobra su dolazila i odlazila kao oblici novca. Na Ĺžalost, kada se neki oblik novca ukine, ponekad postoji grupa ljudi koja eksploatiĹĄe drugi oblik manipuliĹĄuÄi tim novcem.
Hajde da pogledamo hipotetiÄko selo zvano Njutonija da bismo razumeli kako dolazi do ove eksploatacije.
Zelene perle postaju Novac
Tokom stotina godina ribolova u obliĹžnjoj reci, stanovnici Njutonije sakupljali su zelene perle iz vode. Zrnca su mala, lagana, izdrĹžljiva, jednoliÄna i retko se pojavljuju u reci. Ljudi prvo priĹželjkuju perle zbog svoje lepote. Na kraju, seljani shvataju da svi drugi Ĺžele perle â one se vrlo lako mogu prodati. Zrnca uskoro postaju sredstvo razmene i obraÄunska jedinica u selu: pile je 5 zrna, vreÄa jabuka 2 zrna, krava 80 zrna.
Ukupna ponuda perli je priliÄno konstantna i cene se vremenom ne menjaju mnogo. Seoski stareĹĄina je uveren da moĹže da se opustiti u poslednjim danima ĹživeÄi od svoje velike zalihe perli.
AlhemiÄar stvara viĹĄe perli
Seoski alhemiÄar je poĹželeo da bude bogat Äovek, ali nije voleo da vredno radi na tome. Umesto da traĹži perle u reci ili da prodaje vrednu robu drugim seljanima, on sedeo je u svojoj laboratoriji. Na kraju je otkrio kako da lako stvori stotine perli sa malo peska i vatre.
Seljani koji su tragali za perlama u reci bili su sreÄni ako bi svaki dan pronaĹĄli po 1 zrno. AlhemiÄar je mogao da proizvede stotine uz malo napora.
AlhemiÄar troĹĄi svoje perle
BuduÄi da je bio priliÄno zao, alhemiÄar nije svoj metod pravljenja zrna delio ni sa kim drugim. Stvorio je sebi joĹĄ viĹĄe perli i poÄeo da ih troĹĄi za dobra na trĹžiĹĄtu u Njutoniji. Tokom sledeÄih meseci, alhemiÄar je kupio farmu piliÄa, nekoliko krava, finu svilu, posteljine i ogromno imanje. On je imao priliku da kupi ova dobra po normalnim cenama na trĹžiĹĄtu.
AlhemiÄarevo troĹĄenje ostavljalo je seljanima mnogo perli, ali malo njihove vredne robe.
Svi seljani su se oseÄali bogatima â imali su tone perli! MeÄutim, polako su primetili da i svi ostali takodje imaju tone.
Cene poÄinju da rastu
UzgajivaÄ piliÄa primetio je da sva roba koju je trebalo da kupi na pijaci poskupela. DĹžak jabuka sada se prodaje za 100 perli â 50 puta viĹĄe od njihove cene pre nekoliko meseci!
Iako je sada imao hiljade perli, uskoro bi mogao da ostane bez njih zbog ovih cena. Pitao se â da li zaista moĹže sebi da priuĹĄti da prodaje svoje piliÄe za samo 5 perli po komadu? Morao je i on da podigne svoje cene.
Jednostavno reÄeno, kao rezultat alhemiÄarevog troĹĄenja njegovih novostvorenih perli, bilo je previĹĄe perli koje su jurile premalo dobara â pa su cene porasle.
Kupci robe bili su spremni da potroĹĄe viĹĄe perli da bi kupili potrebna dobra. Prodavci robe su trebali da naplate viĹĄe da bi bili sigurni da su zaradili dovoljno da kupe potrebna dobra za sebe.
BuduÄi da su cene svih dobara porasle, moĹžemo reÄi da se vrednost svake perle smanjila.
Nejednakost bogatstva raste
Seoski stareĹĄina, koji je vredno radio da saÄuva hiljade perli, sada se naĹĄao osiromaĹĄenim i gladnim. U meÄuvremenu, alhemiÄar je udobno sedeo na svom velikom imanju sa kravama, piliÄima i slugama koji su se brinuli za svaki njegov hir.
AlhemiÄar je efikasno ukrao bogatstvo celog sela, tako ĹĄto je jeftino proizvodio perle i koristio ih za kupovinu vredne robe.
Ono ĹĄto je najvaĹžnije, kupio je robu pre nego ĹĄto je trĹžiĹĄte shvatilo da je viĹĄe perli u opticaju i da ima manje robe, ĹĄto je dovelo do rasta cena. Ova dodatna proizvodnja perli nije dodala korisnu robu ili usluge selu.
Eksploatacija pomoÄu Novca: Agri Perle
NaĹžalost, priÄa o alhemiÄaru iz Njutonije nije u potpunosti hipotetiÄka. Ovaj prenos bogatstva kroz stvaranje novca ima istorijske i moderne presedane.
Na primer, afriÄka plemena su nekada koristila staklene perle, poznate kao âagri perleâ, kao sredstvo razmene. U to vreme plemenskim ljudima je bilo veoma teĹĄko da prave staklene perle, i one su predstavljale teĹžak novac unutar njihovog plemenskog druĹĄtva.
Niko nije mogao jeftino da proizvede perle i koristiti ih za kupovinu skupe, vredne robe poput kuÄa, hrane i odeÄe.
Sve se promenilo kada su stigli Evropljani, i primetili upotrebu staklenih perli kao novca.
U to vreme, Evropljani su mogli jeftino da stvaraju staklo u velikim koliÄinama. Kao rezultat toga, Evropljani su poÄeli tajno da uvoze perle i koriste ih za kupovinu dobara, usluga i robova od Afrikanaca.
Vremenom se iz Afrike izvlaÄila vredna roba i ljudi, dok je plemenima ostajalo mnogo perli i malo robe.
Perle su izgubile veÄi deo vrednosti zbog inflacije uzrokovane snabdevanjem od strane Evropljana.
Rezultat je bio osiromaĹĄenje afriÄkih plemena i bogaÄenje Evropljana, kako to ovde objaĹĄnjava monetarni istoriÄar Bezant Denier.
Dragocena roba je kupljena jeftino proizvedenim monetarnim dobrom.
Profitiranje na proizvodnji novca: Emisiona dobit
Ova priÄa ilustruje kako se bogatstvo prenosi kada jedna grupa moĹže jeftino da proizvodi monetarno dobro.
Razlika izmeÄu troĹĄkova proizvodnje monetarnog dobra i vrednosti tog monetarnog dobra poznata je kao emisiona dobit, eng. seignorage.
Kada je monetarno dobro mnogo vrednije od troĹĄkova proizvodnje, ljudi Äe proizvesti viĹĄe od monetarnog dobra da bi uhvatili profit od emisione dobiti.
Na kraju Äe ova poveÄana ponuda dovesti do pada vrednosti monetarnog dobra. To je zbog zakona ponude i potraĹžnje: kada se ponuda poveÄava, cena (poznata i kao vrednost) dobra opada.
Novac Gubi Funkciju 2. Deo: Kejnslandski Bankar
U priÄi o Njutoniji, alhemiÄar je otkrio naÄin da se od malo peska jeftino stvori viĹĄe zelenih perli. To se u stvarnosti odigralo kroz trgovinu izmeÄu Evropljana i Afrikanaca, priÄom o agri perlama. MeÄutim, ove priÄe su pomalo zastarele â mi viĹĄe ne trgujemo robom za perle.
Da bismo nas doveli do modernog doba, hajde da promenimo neka imena u naĹĄoj priÄi:
- Selo Njutonija postaje drĹžava koja se zove Kejnsland
- AlhemiÄar postaje bankar
- Seoski stareĹĄina postaje penzioner
- Zelene perle postaju zlato, koje niko ne moĹže jeftinije da stvori â Äak ni bankar.
Bankar Menja Papirne NovÄanice za Zlato
Kao i u stvarnosti, bankar u ovoj priÄi nema formulu ili trik da stvori viĹĄe zlata. MeÄutim, bankar bezbedno Äuva zlato u vlasniĹĄtvu svakog graÄanina Kejnslanda. Bankar daje svakom graÄaninu po jednu potvrdu za svaku uncu zlata koje ima u svom trezoru.
Te potvrde se mogu iskoristiti u bilo koje vreme za stvarno zlato. Papirne potvrde ili novÄanice su mnogo pogodnije za plaÄanje nego noĹĄenje zlata kroz supermarket.
GraÄani su sreÄni â oni imaju prikladno sredstvo plaÄanja u vidu bankarevih novÄanica, i znaju da niko ne moĹže da ukrade njihovo bogatstvo falsifikujuÄi viĹĄe zlata.
GraÄani na kraju poÄinju da plaÄaju u potpunosti papirnim novÄanicama, ne trudeÄi se nikad da zamene svoje novÄanice za zlato. Na kraju, novÄanice postaju âdobre kao i zlatoâ â svaka predstavlja fiksnu koliÄinu zlata u bankarevom trezoru.
Ukupno kruĹži 1.000.000 novÄanica, od kojih je svaka otkupljiva za jednu uncu zlata. 1.000.000 unci zlata sedi u bankarevom trezoru. Svaka novÄanica je u potpunosti podrĹžana u zlatu.
StareĹĄina koji je saÄuvao sve svoje perle u priÄi o Njutoniji sada je penzioner u Kejnslandu, koji svoje zlato drĹži u banci i planira da ugodno Ĺživi od novÄanica koje je dobio zauzvrat.
Hajde da u ovu priÄu dodamo i novi lik: premijera Kejnslanda. Premijer naplaÄuje porez od graÄana i koristi ga za plaÄanje javnih usluga poput policije i vojske. Premijer takoÄe drĹži vladino zlato kod bankara.
Bankar Menja Papirne NovÄanice za Dug
Premijer Ĺželi da osigura da nacionalno zlato ostane na sigurnom, pa banku ĹĄtiti policijom. Bankar i premijer se zbog toga zbliĹžavaju, pa premijer traĹži uslugu. TraĹži od bankara da kreira 200.000 novÄanica za premijera, uz obeÄanje da Äe mu premijer vratiti za pet godina. Premijeru su novÄanice potrebne za finansiranje rata. GraÄani Kejnslanda borili su se protiv veÄih poreza zbog finansiranja rata, pa je morao da se obrati bankaru.
Bankar se slaĹže da izradi novÄanice, ali pod jednim uslovom: bankar uzima deo od 10.000 novÄanica za sebe. Premijer prihvata posao kojim bankar âkupuje drĹžavni dugâ. Sada je u opticaju 1.200.000 novÄanica, potpomognutih kombinacijom 1.000.000 unci zlata i ugovorom o dugu sa vladom za 200.000 novÄanica.
Premijer troĹĄi svoje nove novÄanice na bombe kupujuÄi ih od dobavljaÄa iz domaÄe vojne industrije, a bankar sebi kupuje veliki luksuzni stan.
DobavljaÄ iz vojne industrije koristi sve nove novÄanice koje je dobio od premijera da kupi amonijum nitrat (Äubrivo koje se koristi u bombama) za proizvodnju bombi. Sve njegove kupovine poveÄavaju cenu Äubriva za uzgajivaÄe pĹĄenice u Kejnslandu, pa oni podiĹžu cenu pĹĄenice.
Kao uzrok toga, pekar koji kupuje pĹĄenicu treba da podigne cenu svog hleba da bi ostao u poslu. Na taj naÄin cene u Kejnslandu poÄinju da rastu, baĹĄ kao ĹĄto su to Äinile u Njutoniji kada su nove perle uĹĄle u opticaj.
Papirne NovÄanice ViĹĄe Ne Predstavljaju Zlato
Penzioner nailazi na finansijski Äasopis u kojem se pominje premijerov dogovor da se zaduĹži za finansiranje rata. Obzirom da je mudar, on zna da bombe loĹĄe vraÄaju ulaganje i sumnja da Äe premijer ikada da vrati svoj dug.
Ako on âpodmiriâ svoj dug, to bi ostavilo 1.200.000 novÄanica u opticaju sa samo 1.000.000 unci zlata da bi ih podrĹžalo, obezvreÄujuÄi njegovu uĹĄteÄevinu. VeÄ oseÄa stisak u dĹžepu zbog porasta cena, i on odluÄuje da se uputi u lokalnu banku i preda svoje novÄanice i zameni ih za zlato, koje niko ne moĹže da napravi u veÄoj koliÄini.
Kada penzioner stigne u banku, on zatiÄe i mnoge druge okupljene oko banke. Svi oni se nadaju da Äe uzeti zlato koje predstavljaju njihove novÄanice. GraÄani Kejnslanda sa pravom se plaĹĄe da njihove novÄanice gube na vrednosti â oni to veÄ oseÄaju zbog porasta cena.
Vrata su zakljuÄana, sa obaveĹĄtenjem bankara na njima:
Po nalogu premijera, onom koji se plaĹĄi za stabilnost ove bankarske institucije, ova banka viĹĄe neÄe podrĹžavati konvertibilnost papirnih novÄanica u zlato. Hvala vam!
Gomila se razilazi, ostavljena sa jednim izborom: da zadrĹže svoje novÄanice, koje sada vrede manje od 1 unce zlata. GraÄani sa dovoljno finansijske stabilnosti odluÄuju da uloĹže svoje novÄanice u kupovinu akcija banke i kompanija vojne industrije, koje dobro posluju jer mogu da kupuju stvari pre nego ĹĄto se poveÄaju trĹžiĹĄne cene.
Mnogi ljudi nisu u moguÄnosti da investiraju â oni moraju da gledaju kako njihove zarade stagniraju i kako njihova uĹĄteÄevina polako ali sigurno gubi vrednost.
Penzioner, koji se nadao da Äe Ĺživeti od novÄanica koje je zaradio tokom svojih 40 radnih godina, sada 40 sati nedeljno provodi iza kase u lokalnoj prodavnici, pitajuÄi se gde je sve poĹĄlo po zlu.
Dug Nikada Nije OtplaÄen
ProĹĄlo je nekoliko godina, a premijerov dug prema banci dolazi na naplatu. BuduÄi da je potroĹĄio svih 200.000 novÄanica na bombe, koje nemaju baĹĄ dobar povraÄaj ulaganja, on nema novÄanice koje moĹže da vrati banci. Plus, premijer Ĺželi da kupi joĹĄ bombi za svoj rat.
Bankar uverava premijera da je sve u redu. Bankar Äe napraviti novi ugovor o dugu za 600.000 novÄanica, koji bi trebao da stigne na naplatu u narednih 5 godina. Premijer moĹže da iskoristi 200.000 od tih novih 600.000 novÄanica da vrati svoj prvobitni dug prema banci, zadrĹži joĹĄ 300.000 da kupi joĹĄ bombi i da 100.000 bankaru da bi mu platio njegove usluge.
To nastavlja da se deĹĄava â svaki put kada dug dospeva na naplatu, bankar stvara viĹĄe novÄanica za vraÄanje starijih dugova i daje premijeru joĹĄ viĹĄe novca za troĹĄenje. Ovaj ciklus se nastavlja.
Ĺ ta se deĹĄava u Kejnslandu?
- Oni koji prvi dobiju nove novÄanice, gledaju kako se njihovo bogatstvo poveÄava
- To ukljuÄuje bankara, premijera, vladu i sve one koji mogu da pristupe moguÄnostima za investiranje u preduzeÄa koja prva dobiju nove novÄanice (finansijske, vojne itd.).
- Cene roba rastu
- Cene se ne poveÄavaju ravnomerno â one se poveÄavaju gde god nove novÄanice prvo uÄu u ekonomiju i od tog trenutka imaju efekat talasa na trĹžiĹĄta. U naĹĄem primeru prvo raste cena amonijum nitrata, zatim cena pĹĄenice, pa cena hleba. A tek na kraju zarade obiÄnih ljudi.
- Ĺ tednja i Ĺživotni standard opĹĄte populacije se smanjuju
- NajviĹĄe pate oni koji Ĺžive od plate do plate i ne mogu da ulaĹžu. Äak i oni koji su u moguÄnosti da investiraju podloĹžni su hirovima trĹžiĹĄta. Mnogi su prisiljeni da prodaju svoje investicije po niskim cenama tokom pada trĹžiĹĄta samo da bi platili svoje dnevne potrebe.
- Razlika u prihodima i bogatstvu izmeÄu bogatih i siromaĹĄnih se poveÄava
- Bogatstvo opĹĄte populacije se smanjuje, dok se bogatstvo onih koji su blizu mesta gde se troĹĄe nove novÄanice poveÄava. Rezultat je disparitet koji se vremenom samo proĹĄiruje.
Da li nas novac danas eksploatiĹĄe?
PriÄa o Njutoniji i stvarna priÄa o agri perlama u Africi deluju pomalo zastarelo. PriÄa o Kejnslandu, meÄutim, deluje neobiÄno poznato. U naĹĄem svetu cene robe uvek rastu, i vidimo rekordne nivoe nejednakosti u bogatstvu.
U poslednjem odeljku ovog naĹĄeg Älanka Ĺ ta je novac, proÄi Äu kroz nastanak bankarstva i korake koji su bili potrebni da se doÄe do danaĹĄnjeg sistema, gde banke i vlade saraÄuju u kontroli ekonomije i samog novca.
Ĺ ta su banke, i odakle su one doĹĄle?
Pojava bankarstva verovatno se dogodila da bi olakĹĄala poljoprivrednu trgovinu i da bi poveÄala pogodnosti. Iako su se mnoga druĹĄtva na kraju konvergirala ka upotrebi zlata i srebra kao novca, ovi metali su bili teĹĄki i opasni za noĹĄenje kao tovar. MeÄutim, u mnogim sluÄajevima ih nije ni trebalo prevoziti. Uzmite ovaj primer:
Grad treba da plati poljoprivrednicima na selu za Ĺžito, a poljoprivrednici gradskoj vojsci za zaĹĄtitu od varvara. U ovom dogovoru zlato se kreÄe u oba smera: prema poljoprivrednicima u selu kako bi im se platilo Ĺžito, i nazad u grad da bi se platila vojska. Da bi olakĹĄali ove transakcije, preduzetnici su stvorili koncept banke. Banka je zlato Äuvala u sigurnom trezoru i izdavala novÄanice od papira. Svaka priznanica je predstavljala potvrdu da njen imaoc poseduje odreÄenu koliÄinu zlata u banci. Imaoc novÄanice je u svako doba mogao da uzme svoje zlato nazad vraÄanjem te novÄanice banci.
Korisnici banke mogli su lakĹĄe da trguju sa novÄanicama od papira, i onaj koji poseduje novÄanice mogao je da preuzme njihovo fiziÄko zlato u bilo kom trenutku. To je te novÄanice uÄinilo âdobrim kao i zlatoâ.
Banke su izdrĹžavale svoje poslovanje naplaÄujuÄi od kupaca naknadu za skladiĹĄtenje zlata ili pozajmljivanjem dela zlata i zaraÄunavanjem kamata na njega. Trgovina na ovaj naÄin je mogla da se odvija sa laganim novÄanicama od papira umesto sa teĹĄkim vreÄama zlatnika.
Ovakva praksa sa transakcijama, koriĹĄÄenjem papirne valute potpomognute monetarnim dobrima, verovatno je zapoÄela u Kini u 7. veku.
Na kraju se proĹĄirila Evropom 1600-ih, a svoj zalet dobila je u Holandiji sa bankama poput Amsterdamske Wisselbanke. NovÄanice Wisselbank-e Äesto su vredele viĹĄe od zlata koje ih je podrĹžavalo, zbog dodane vrednosti njihovih pogodnosti.
Uspon nacionalnih âcentralnih banakaâ
Tokom vekova, zlato je poÄelo da se sakuplja u trezorima banaka, jer su ljudi viĹĄe voleli pogodnosti transakcija sa novÄanicama.
Na kraju, nacionalne banke u vlasniĹĄtvu vlada preuzele su ulogu Äuvanja zlata od privatnih banaka koje su zapoÄeli preduzetnici.
Nacionalne papirne valute potpomognute zlatnim rezervama u nacionalnim bankama zamenile su novÄanice iz privatnih banaka. Sve nacionalne valute bile su jednostavno potvrde za zlato koje se nalazilo u trezoru nacionalne banke.
Ovaj sistem je poznat kao zlatni standard â sve valute su jednostavno predstavljale razliÄite teĹžine zlata.
U gornjem levom uglu novÄanice moĹžete videti da piĹĄe da je novÄanica âzamenljiva za zlatoâ. Savremeni dolari nemaju ovaj natpis, ali inaÄe izgledaju vrlo sliÄno. Izvor
Zlatni sistem je postojao veÄi deo vremena, sve do Prvog svetskog rata. Vladama je bilo teĹĄko da prikupe novac za ovaj rat putem poreza, pa su morale da budu kreativne.
Kada vlade troĹĄe viĹĄe nego ĹĄto zaraÄuju na porezima, to se naziva deficitna potroĹĄnja.
Kako vlade mogu ovo da urade? Vlade to rade tako ĹĄto pozajmljuju novac prodavajuÄi svoj dug.
Tokom Prvog svetskog rata, vlade su graÄanima i preduzeÄima prodavale vrstu duga koja se naziva ratna obveznica. Kada graÄanin kupi ratnu obveznicu, on preda svoj novac vladi i dobije papir u kojem je stajalo vladino obeÄanje da Äe vlasniku obveznice vratiti novac, plus kamate, za nekoliko godina.
Plakat koji obaveĹĄtava graÄane, traĹžeÄi od njih da kupe ratne obveznice â ĹĄto predstavlja zajam vladi. Izvor
Centralne banke âmonetizujuâ drĹžavni dug
MeÄutim, graÄani i preduzeÄa nisu bili voljni da kupe dovoljno ratnih obveznica za finansiranje Prvog svetskog rata.
Vlade se nisu predale â pa su zatraĹžile od svojih nacionalnih âcentralnih banakaâ da one kupe ove obveznice. Centralne banke su otkupile obveznice, ali ih nisu platile valutom potpomognutom postojeÄim zlatnim rezervama, kao ĹĄto su to Äinili graÄani i banke prilikom kupovine obveznica.
Centralne banke su umesto toga davale vladi novu, sveĹže ĹĄtampanu papirnu valutu potpomognutu samo obveznicom. Ovu valutu podrĹžalo je samo obeÄanje da Äe im vlada vratiti dugove. Ovo je poznato kao monetizacija duga.
BuduÄi da su ratne obveznice i valuta samo komadi papira, one su lake i jeftine za proizvodnju i mogu se napraviti u ogromnim koliÄinama. Ono ĹĄto ograniÄava proizvodnju i jednog i drugog je poverenje.
Ima smisla da se neko rastane od svog teĹĄko steÄenog novca da kupi drĹžavnu obveznicu, samo ako veruje da Äe vlada da vrati svoj dug, plus kamate. Centralna banka je âkrajnji kupacâ, ĹĄto znaÄi da Äe ona da kupi drĹžavne obveznice kada to niko drugi neÄe da uradi.
Zapamtite, centralnu banku gotovo da niĹĄta ne koĹĄta da kupi drĹžavne obveznice, jer oni sami ĹĄtampaju valutu da bi ih kupili.
Zamislite da pridjete najskupljem automobilu u autosalonu â koji koĹĄta 100.000 USD. Mislite da je automobil lep, ali taj novac biste radije potroĹĄili na lepĹĄi stan â tako da ste spremni da platite samo 40.000 USD za taj auto.
Sada, hajde da zamislimo da imate ĹĄtampaÄ za novac i da vas koĹĄta samo 50 USD za mastilo i papir da bi iĹĄtampali 1.000.000 USD. Vi biste odmah kupili auto, Äak i ako biste morali da se cenkate sa drugim Äovekom, i da ga na kraju platite 150.000 USD!
Ista stvar se deĹĄava kada centralna banka kupuje obveznice (dugove) od vlade. Centralna banka moĹže da stvori valutu toliko jeftino, da su spremni da plate i viĹĄe nego ĹĄto bi drugi platili ove obveznice i nastaviÄe da ih kupuju Äak i kada niko drugi ne bude Ĺželeo.
Monetizacija duga uzrokuje inflaciju
Kada centralne banke monetizuju drĹžavni dug, funkcija novca kao zalihe vrednosti poÄinje da se nagriza. Vlada troĹĄi novi novac koji je dobila od svoje centralne banke na ratnu robu, obroke i joĹĄ mnogo toga.
Cene roba rastu od ove novoĹĄtampane valute koja kruĹži kroz ekonomiju. Kada se cene poveÄavaju, to znaÄi da se vrednost svake jedinice valute smanjuje. Svi koji drĹže valutu sada imaju manje vrednosti. Danas to nazivamo sporim gubitkom funkcije zalihe vrednosti u novÄanoj inflaciji.
Za NemaÄku nakon Prvog svetskog rata monetizacija duga izazvala je totalni slom NemaÄke ekonomije i stvorila uslove za rast faĹĄizma.
Kao deo sporazuma o prekidu vatre koji je okonÄao Prvi svetski rat, NemaÄka je pobednicima morala da plati ogroman novac. NemaÄkoj vladi je bio preko potreban novac, pa su prodale obveznice (dug) Rajhsbanci, nemaÄkoj centralnoj banci.
Ovaj postupak doveo je do toga da je vlada ĹĄtampala toliko maraka (tadaĹĄnja nemaÄka valuta) da je tempo inflacije u NemaÄkoj ubrzan u hiperinflaciju poÄetkom 1920-ih. Cena vekne hleba za samo 4 godine popela se sa 1,2 marke na 428 biliona maraka.
Tokom i posle Prvog svetskog rata, SAD, Britanija, Francuska i mnoge druge vlade pratile su NemaÄku u ĹĄtampanju valute potpomognute drĹžavnim dugom.
To je dovelo do toga da su graÄani Ĺželeli da svoju papirnu valutu zamene za zlato, baĹĄ kao i penzioner iz priÄe o Kejnslandu.
MeÄutim, mnoge vlade su suspendovale konvertibilnost svojih valuta u zlato. Ovim potezom vlade su primorale svoje graÄane da drĹže nacionalnu papirnu valutu i gledaju kako se njihova uĹĄteda smanjuje u vrednosti.
Da bi mogle da nastave da ĹĄtampaju novac i da bi ga troĹĄile na nepopularne programe za koje nisu mogle da skupljaju poreze za finansiranje â poput ratova.
Bretton Woods: Novi monetarni sistem
Nakon razaranja koja su donela dva svetska rata, vlade su uspostavile novi globalni monetarni sistem prema Bretton Woods-ovom sporazumu iz 1944. godine.
Prema ovom sporazumu, valuta svake drĹžave konvertovala se po fiksnom kursu sa ameriÄkim dolarom. AmeriÄki dolar je zauzvrat predstavljao zlato po stopi od 35 USD za jednu trojsku uncu zlata*.
Sve globalne valute su stoga joĹĄ uvek bile jednostavna reprezentacija zlata, putem ameriÄkih dolara kao posrednika. Redovni graÄani viĹĄe nisu mogli da otkupljuju svoje valute za zlato iz Sjedinjenih DrĹžava. MeÄutim, strane centralne banke mogle bi da doÄu u Sjedinjene DrĹžave da bi zamenile dolare za zlato po stopi od 35 USD za jednu uncu zlata.
MeÄutim, vlada Sjedinjenih DrĹžava nije uvek drĹžala dovoljno zlata da podrĹži sve dolare u opticaju. AmeriÄka vlada nastavila je da finansira proĹĄirene socijalne i vojne programe prodajom drĹžavnog duga svojoj centralnoj banci, Federalnim rezervama, koja je poveÄala ponudu dolara bez poveÄanja ponude zlata koja podupire te dolare.
*Trojna unca je standardna mera Äistog zlata i ima malo veÄu teĹžinu od normalne unce.
Propast Bretton Woods-a
Tokom 1970-ih, sve veÄi troĹĄkovi rata u Vijetnamu i stranih vlada koje su otkupljivale svoje dolare za zlato, stvorili su pritisak na Trezor Sjedinjenih DrĹžava.
Ponuda dolara je porasla, dok je zlato u posedu Sjedinjenih DrĹžava opalo. Od 1950. pa do poÄetka 1970-ih, rezerve zlata koje je drĹžala vlada Sjedinjenih DrĹžava smanjile su se za viĹĄe od 50%, sa 20 metriÄkih tona na samo 8 metriÄkih tona.
Godine 1970. drĹžava je imala zlata u vrednosti od samo 12 biliona dolara po zvaniÄnom kursu od 35 dolara za trojsku uncu zlata. Tokom ovog istog vremenskog perioda, ukupna ponuda ameriÄkih dolara otiĹĄla je sa oko 32 biliona USD na skoro 70 biliona USD.
ZvaniÄne rezerve zlata u SAD-u su naglo padale od 1950. do 1970. godine, dok su se dolari u opticaju poveÄavali. Izvor: Wikipedia, DollarDaze.org
AmeriÄka vlada nije bila u stanju da potkrepi dolare zlatom od 35 dolara po trojnoj unci, ĹĄto dovelo do rizika za Äitav globalni monetarni sistem.
PoÄetkom sedamdesetih godina, trojna unca zlata trebala je da vredi 200 USD da bi u potpunosti podrĹžala sve ameriÄke dolare u opticaju. ReÄeno na drugi naÄin, Sjedinjene DrĹžave su pokuĹĄavale da kaĹžu svetu da jedan dolar vredi 1/35 trojne unce zlata, ali u stvarnosti dolar je vredeo samo 1/200 trojne unce.
Kad su strane vlade trebale da pribave dolare za meÄunarodnu trgovinu i rezerve, bile su opeljeĹĄene. Francuska vlada je to shvatila ĹĄezdesetih godina proĹĄlog veka i poÄela je da prodaje svoje ameriÄke dolare za zlato po zvaniÄnom kursu od 35 dolara za trojsku uncu zlata.
Zemlje su poÄinjale da se bude iz ĹĄeme ameriÄke vlade. SAD su krale bogatstvo putem emisione dobiti, prodajuÄi dolare za 1/35 trojne unce zlata, kada su vredeli samo 1/200 trojske unce.
Nixonov Ĺ ok ulazi u âtradicionalniâ novac
Da bi kuÄa od karata mogla da ostane na mestu, predsednik Nixon je 1971. najavio da Äe ameriÄka vlada privremeno da obustavi konvertibilnost dolara u zlato.
Strane vlade viĹĄe nisu mogle da polaĹžu pravo na zlato svojim papirnim dolarima, a dolar viĹĄe nije bio âpoduprtâ zlatom. Nixon je tvrdio da Äe ovo stabilizovati dolar.
50 godina kasnije, kristalno je jasno da je ovo samo pomoglo dolaru da izgubi vrednost i da ovaj âprivremeniâ program joĹĄ uvek traje.
Pre 1971. godine, sve globalne valute bile su vezane za ameriÄki dolar putem Bretton Woods-ovog sporazuma. Kada je Nixon promenio ameriÄki dolar iz dolara podrĹžanog u zlatu u dolar podrĹžan dugom, ovim je promenio i svaku drugu valutu na Zemlji.
Sam je uÄinio da se celokupna svetska ekonomija zasniva na dugovima. Valute viĹĄe nisu predstavljale zlato, veÄ su predstavljale vrednost drĹžavnog duga.
Zlatni Standard se nikada nije vratio
Konvertibilnost ameriÄkih dolara u zlato â zlatni standard â nikada se nije vratio.
Od 1971. godine, Äitav globalni monetarni sistem pokreÄe se tradicionalnim âfiatâ valutama: poverenjem u vladine institucije da odrĹžavaju valutni sistem.
VeÄina valuta podrĹžana je kombinacijom duga njihove vlade i drugih tradicionalnih valuta poput dolara i evra. Papirne valute viĹĄe nisu podrĹžane zlatom, imovinom koja je viĹĄe od 5000 godina sluĹžila kao teĹžak novac.
Danas vas vlade prisiljavaju da plaÄate porez u njihovoj valuti i manipuliĹĄu saznanjima oko novca kako bi osigurale da potraĹžnja za njihovom valutom ostane velika.
To im omoguÄava da neprestano ĹĄtampaju viĹĄe valuta, da bi je potroĹĄili na vladine projekte, uzrokujuÄi inflaciju cena koja jede i smanjuje bogatstvo i plate.
AmeriÄka vlada sada prodaje drĹžavne obveznice (dugove), poznate kao obveznice Trezora SAD, eng. US Treasuries, komercijalnim bankama u zamenu za ameriÄke dolare.
Vlada koristi te dolare za finansiranje svog budĹžetskog deficita. Komercijalne banke prodaju mnoge obveznice Trezora SAD, koje su kupile, ameriÄkoj centralnoj banci, Federalnim Rezervama.
Federalne rezerve plaÄaju komercijalnim bankama sveĹže ĹĄtampanim novcem âpomoÄu raÄunara i upisivanjem koliÄine na raÄunâ, kako je rekao bivĹĄi predsednik Fed-a Ben Bernanke.
Ove komercijalne banke Äesto zaraÄuju samo kupujuÄi obveznice Trezora SAD od drĹžave i prodajuÄi ih centralnoj banci. Kupujte nisko, prodajte visoko.
Centralne banke ovaj proces kupovine drĹžavnog duga â odnosno pozajmljivanja novca drĹžavi â nazivaju operacijama otvorenog trĹžiĹĄta.
Kada centralna banka odjednom kupi velike iznose duga, oni to nazivaju kvantitativnim ublaĹžavanjem. Centralne banke javno najavljuju kupovinu drĹžavnog duga, ali vrlo malo ljudi razume ĹĄta to zapravo znaÄi.
Euro, jen i svaka druga valuta koja se danas koristi funkcioniĹĄu sliÄno kao ameriÄki dolar.
Da li Äe SAD ikada vratiti svoj nacionalni dug? NeobiÄna stvar u vezi sa drĹžavnim dugom SAD-a je ta ĹĄto vlada poseduje ĹĄtampariju potrebnu za njegovu otplatu.
Kao rezultat toga, kada vlada duguje novac, oni samo pozajme joĹĄ viĹĄe novca da bi otplatile taj dug, poveÄavajuÄi nacionalni dug.
Ako vam ovo zvuÄi kao Ponzijeva piramidalna ĹĄema, to je zato ĹĄto ona to i jeste â najveÄa Ponzijeva ĹĄema u istoriji. Kao i svaka Ponzijeva ĹĄema, nastaviÄe se sve dok su ljudi koji kupuju Ponzijevu ĹĄemu budu uvereni da Äe im biti plaÄeno nazad.
Ako ljudi i nacije prestanu da se zaduĹžuju i koriste ameriÄke dolare jer nemaju poverenja u ameriÄku vladu ili vide da cena robe raste (tj. dolar postaje sve manje vredan), potraĹžnja za dolarom Äe opadati, ĹĄto Äe izazvati zaÄaranu spiralu.
Ova spirala Äesto zavrĹĄi u hiperinflaciji, kao ĹĄto smo videli u novijoj istoriji sa Jugoslavijom, Venecuelom, Argentinom, Zimbabveom i mnogim drugim drĹžavama.
Ovo je naÄin kako funkcioniĹĄe novac na vaĹĄem bankovnom raÄunu. Novac svake nacije na svetu pati od istih problema kao i perle i novÄanice u priÄama o Njutoniji i Kejnslandu.
Kako banke i vlade kradu tvoj novac?
Tokom vekova, stigli smo do monetarnog sistema u kojem banke i vlade mogu da ĹĄtampaju novu valutu za finansiranje svojih operacija i svojih prijatelja u zloÄinu, dok kradu bogatstvo svojih graÄana.
Ĺ ta Äe se desiti sa svetom kada novac bude mogao da ĹĄtampa svaki narod na planeti?
- Bogatstvo onih koji su blizu pravljenja nove valute se poveÄava
- Vlada i politiÄki povlaĹĄÄena klasa ljudi, imaju pristup novoĹĄtampanom novcu pre svih ostalih, pa mogu da ga potroĹĄe pre nego ĹĄto cene porastu. Na ovaj efekat pokazao je ekonomista Richard Cantillon sredinom 1700-ih i poznat je kao Cantillonov Efekat.
- Cena robe raste (poznato kao inflacija
- Ne raste sve roba istovremeno u ceni. Roba blizu mesta gde se proizvodi nova valuta â finansijski sektor i vlada â prva raste, i odatle uzrokuje efekt talasa na cene.
- Inflacija se Äesto predstavlja kao promena cene potroĹĄaÄke korpe, poznata kao Indeks PotroĹĄaÄkih Cena, eng. Consumer Price Index (CPI). Vlada ima alate za manipulisanje ovim brojem kako bi osigurala da se ona Äini niskom i stabilnom, kao ĹĄto je objaĹĄnjeno u naĹĄem Älanku o inflaciji.
- Finansijska imovina Äesto primeÄuje ogromnu inflaciju, ali bankari to ne nazivaju inflacijom â oni kaĹžu da naĹĄa ekonomija cveta! Nakon ĹĄto su ameriÄke Federalne rezerve uÄetvorostruÄile ponudu ameriÄkih dolara u ĹĄest godina nakon finansijske krize 2008. godine, banke koje su dobile te nove dolare, kupile su akcije i obveznice, stvarajuÄi ogroman balon u cenama ove imovine.
- Ĺ tednja i Ĺživotni standard stanovniĹĄtva se smanjuju
- Plate su jedna od poslednjih âcenaâ u ekonomiji koja se prilagoÄava, jer se Äesto poveÄavaju samo jednom godiĹĄnje. U meÄuvremenu, cene dnevnih potrepĹĄtina te osobe koja zaradjuje platu neprestano rastu kako novi novac kruĹži ekonomijom.
- NajviĹĄe su pogoÄeni oni koji Ĺžive od plate do plate â a to je 70% Amerikanaca.
- Razlike u prihodima izmeÄu bogatih i siromaĹĄnih se poveÄavaju, kao ĹĄto se vidi na grafikonu ispod.
*Koncentracija dohotka na vrhu naglo je porasla od 1970-ih
ZaĹĄto i dalje imamo isti monetarni sistem?
Ako ovaj sistem bogate joĹĄ viĹĄe obogaÄuje, a siromaĹĄne joĹĄ viĹĄe osiromaĹĄuje, dovodeÄi do politiÄke nestabilnosti, zaĹĄto ga onda ne bismo promenili?
NajveÄi razlog zaĹĄto se niĹĄta ne menja je verovatno to ĹĄto puno toga ne znamo o samom sistemu. Svi svakodnevno koristimo valute svojih vlada, ali veÄina nas ne razume kako sistem funkcioniĹĄe i ĹĄta on Äini naĹĄim druĹĄtvima.
Obrazovni sistem, mediji i finansijski struÄnjaci neprestano nam govore da je monetarni sistem previĹĄe komplikovan da bi ga normalni ljudi razumeli. Mnogi od nas se zato i ne trude da pokuĹĄaju.
JoĹĄ nekoliko razloga zaĹĄto ovaj sistem nastavlja da opstaje:
- Mnogo je ljudi koji imaju direktnu korist od ĹĄtampanja novog novca.
- Ti ljudi ne Ĺžele nikakve promene i bore se da zadrĹže tu mocĚ.
- Nacionalne valute su Äesto pogodne
- Kreditne kartice, online bankarstvo i joĹĄ mnogo toga Äine upravljanje nacionalnim valutama i njihovo troĹĄenje lakim i jednostavnim.
- GraÄani moraju da plaÄaju porez u svojoj nacionalnoj valuti
- To stvara potraĹžnju za tom valutom od svih graÄana, poveÄavajuÄi njenu vrednost.
- Glavna meÄunarodna trĹžiĹĄta, poput nafte, denominirana su u dolarima.
- Nafta je potrebna svakoj zemlji na planeti, ali poĹĄto mnogi ne mogu da je proizvode, moraju da je kupuju na meÄunarodnim berzama. Od 1970-ih na ovim berzama gotovo sva nafta se prodaje za dolare, ĹĄto stvara potraĹžnju za dolarima. Da bi se odmaknule od ovog sistema, zemlje bi trebale da pronaÄu novu valutu ili robu za trgovinu naftom, ĹĄto zahteva vreme i rizike.
- Nije postojala dobra alternativa
- Uz globalnu ekonomiju u realnom vremenu, naĹĄ sistem digitalnog bankarstva koji koristi nacionalne valute je pogodan. Transakcija u tvrdom novcu poput zlata bila bi previĹĄe nezgrapna za danaĹĄnji svet. Digitalna valuta pod nazivom Bitcoin, predstavljena 2009. godine, je rastuÄa alternativa koja nudi Ävrst novac koji se kreÄe brzinom interneta.
Ĺ ta je novac, i zaĹĄto trebate da brinete?
Novac je alat koji olakĹĄava razmenu dobara. Kao i svako drugo dobro, novac se pridrĹžava zakona ponude i potraĹžnje â poveÄanje potraĹžnje poveÄaÄe njegovu vrednost, a poveÄanje ponude smanjiÄe njegovu vrednost.
Na ovaj naÄin novac se ne razlikuje od kuÄe ili piletine. MeÄutim, velika prodajnost novca znaÄi da je potraĹžnja za njim uvek velika. Kao rezultat, novac mora biti teĹžak za proizvodnju (a samim tim i ograniÄen u ponudi) ili Äe ga onaj ko ga moĹže napraviti, stvoriti toliko, da vremenom viĹĄe neÄe sluĹžiti kao zaliha vrednosti. Uskoro Äe izgubiti svoje funkcije kao sredstvo razmene i obraÄunske jedinice.
Najbolji novac u datoj ekonomiji je onaj koji se najslobodnije kreÄe â svi ga Ĺžele, lako je obaviti transakcije sa njim i koji sa vremenom dobro drĹži svoju vrednost. Nijedan novac nije savrĹĄen u svemu ovome, a neki istiÄu jednu funkciju novca na ĹĄtetu drugih.
Iako se istorija ne ponavlja, ona se rimuje, a usponi i padovi monetarnih sistema imaju jasne ritmove. Uspon i pad monetarnog sistema Äesto sledi opĹĄti obrazac koji smo videli u priÄama o agri perlama i Kejnslandu: pojavljuje se odredjenji oblik novca koji pomaĹže ljudima da efikasnije trguju i ĹĄtede, ali na kraju gubi na vrednosti kada neko shvati kako da ga jeftino stvori u velikoj koliÄini. MeÄutim, tokom dugog perioda vremena, monetarni sistemi su se poboljĹĄali u sve tri funkcije novca.
Na primer, zlato je tokom vremena dobro sluĹžilo kao zaliha vrednosti. MeÄutim, naĹĄa meÄusobno povezana ekonomija ne bi mogla efikasno da funkcioniĹĄe ako bi trebalo da fiziÄko zlato zamenimo robom i uslugama. Mnogo je lakĹĄe kretati se na papirnom i digitalnom novcu, ali istorija nam govori da su vlade i bankari iskoristili ove oblike novca za kraÄu bogatstva putem inflacije.
DanaĹĄnji globalni monetarni sistem je vrlo zgodan, a digitalna plaÄanja i kreditne kartice olakĹĄavaju troĹĄenje novca. Ovo skriva stalnu inflaciju koja nagriza vrednost svake jedinice novca i dovodi do sve veÄeg jaza u bogatstvu.
Nadam se da je ovaj Älanak proĹĄirio vaĹĄe razumevanje novca i njegove uloge u druĹĄtvu. Ovo je samo poÄetak svega ĹĄto treba istraĹžiti o novcu: za kasnije su saÄuvane teme o inflaciji, kamatnim stopama, pozajmljivanju, poslovnim ciklusima i joĹĄ mnogo toga.
Efikasnija UĹĄteda Novca
MoĹžda se pitate kako zaĹĄtititi svoju ĹĄtednju kada svaki oblik Äesto koriĹĄÄenog novca i investicija pati od inflacije ponude â koja umanjuje vrednost i prenosi bogatstvo onima koji mogu da stvore novac ili investiciju. MoĹžda se Äini da se niĹĄta na planeti danas ne moĹže kvalifikovati kao âteĹžakâ novac, ali dve stvari ipak ostaju: zlato i njegov noviji roÄak Bitcoin. Obe ove stvari je neverovatno teĹĄko proizvesti, a jedna od njih se kreÄe brzinom interneta i moĹže se Äuvati u vaĹĄem mozgu.
Ako Ĺželite da saznate viĹĄe o Bitcoin-u kao sredstvu za zaĹĄtitu vaĹĄe uĹĄteÄevine, proÄitajte ovde. Ako ste veÄ spremni za kupovinu Bitcoin-a, pogledajte moj vodiÄ za kupovinu Bitcoin-a. MoĹžete poÄeti sa investiranjem sa samo 5 ili 10 âŹ.
Zasluge
Hvala svima koji su pomogli u izradi i ureÄivanju ove serije o novcu: @ck_SNARKS, @CryptoRothbard, Neil Woodfine, Emil Sandstedt, Taylor Pearson, Parker Lewis, Jason Choi, mojoj porodici i mnogim drugima.
Hvala svima koji su ovo inspirisali i razvili kljuÄne ideje koje su ovde primenjene: Friedrich Hayek, Carl Menger, Ludwig Von Mises, Murray Rothbard, Saifedean Ammous, Dan Held, Pierre Rochard, Stephan Livera, Michael Goldstein, i mnogi drugi.
Molim vas da ĹĄerujete! Ako vam je ovaj Älanak otvorio oÄi o tome kako funkcioniĹĄe naĹĄ novac i finansijski sistem, kontaktirajte me ili ostavite komentar!
Ako vam se sviÄa moj rad, molim vas da ga podelite sa svojim prijateljima i porodicom. Cilj mi je da svima pruĹžim pogled u ekonomiju i na to kako ona utiÄe na njihov Ĺživot.
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@ 0e9491aa:ef2adadf
2025-05-24 16:01:21@matt_odell don't you even dare not ask about nostr!
â Kukks (Andrew Camilleri) (@MrKukks) May 18, 2021
Nostr first hit my radar spring 2021: created by fellow bitcoiner and friend, fiatjaf, and released to the world as free open source software. I was fortunate to be able to host a conversation with him on Citadel Dispatch in those early days, capturing that moment in history forever. Since then, the protocol has seen explosive viral organic growth as individuals around the world have contributed their time and energy to build out the protocol and the surrounding ecosystem due to the clear need for better communication tools.
nostr is to twitter as bitcoin is to paypal
As an intro to nostr, let us start with a metaphor:
twitter is paypal - a centralized platform plagued by censorship but has the benefit of established network effects
nostr is bitcoin - an open protocol that is censorship resistant and robust but requires an organic adoption phase
Nostr is an open communication protocol that can be used to send messages across a distributed set of relays in a censorship resistant and robust way.
â- Anyone can run a relay.
â- Anyone can interact with the protocol.
â- Relays can choose which messages they want to relay.
â- Users are identified by a simple public private key pair that they can generate themselves.Nostr is often compared to twitter since there are nostr clients that emulate twitter functionality and user interface but that is merely one application of the protocol. Nostr is so much more than a mere twitter competitor. Nostr clients and relays can transmit a wide variety of data and clients can choose how to display that information to users. The result is a revolution in communication with implications that are difficult for any of us to truly comprehend.
Similar to bitcoin, nostr is an open and permissionless protocol. No person, company, or government controls it. Anyone can iterate and build on top of nostr without permission. Together, bitcoin and nostr are incredibly complementary freedom tech tools: censorship resistant, permissionless, robust, and interoperable - money and speech protected by code and incentives, not laws.
As censorship throughout the world continues to escalate, freedom tech provides hope for individuals around the world who refuse to accept the status quo. This movement will succeed on the shoulders of those who choose to stand up and contribute. We will build our own path. A brighter path.
My Nostr Public Key: npub1qny3tkh0acurzla8x3zy4nhrjz5zd8l9sy9jys09umwng00manysew95gx
If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.
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@ bc6ccd13:f53098e4
2025-05-24 15:55:20It wasnât so long ago that the mainstream conversation around population was exclusively focused on the dangers of overpopulation. The fatal flaws in the Malthusian theory had yet to be disproven clearly and obviously by observable demographic trends. Thatâs been gradually changing, and while itâs hardly a mainstream consensus, concerns about falling birthrates and the risk of population collapse have taken over the population conversion on the political right, and sometimes beyond.
Thereâs no questioning the data at this point. Fertility rates over most of the world have been in precipitous decline, and if the current trajectory continues, global population will peak very soon and fall rather dramatically. And even the falling population itself is much less of a threat than the aging population that will inevitably precede it. Having a large cohort of older and retired people and a small cohort of young workers is an existential threat to the modern welfare state, and to the entire credit-based fiat monetary system that supports it. But thatâs a subject for another day.
There are a multitude of different theories that attempt to explain why this is happening. Iâll name some of the most common ones:
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Increased education and employment opportunities for women
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Urbanization
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Economic factors
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Access to contraception
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Changing social and cultural norms
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Delayed marriage
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Improvements in infant mortality rates
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Government policies
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Environmental concerns
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Pornography
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Feminism
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Endocrine disrupting chemicals
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Dating apps
Most rational thinkers agree there must be multiple factors playing a role. But the fact that the problem is so wide-spread, and populations that seem to be resisting the trend are so rare, shows that the strongest underlying factors are cross-culturally powerful and not easily resisted or reversed with marginal cultural differences and standard public policy efforts.
While populations that resist the trend are rare, they are not quite non-existent. A few groups stand out for their persistently high fertility rates. On a geographic basis, sub-Saharan Africa is the only major region still maintaining above-replacement fertility rates. For various reasons, I donât think Africa is the most useful place to look for answers on whatâs causing the decline elsewhere or how it could be reversed. One reason is that Africa seems to be following the global pattern, just with a lag. In another few decades the data may look very different, just like it does for South America today compared to 20 years ago.
In my opinion, a more useful place to look for data is in smaller population sub-groups within a geographic area that have fertility rates significantly higher than the general population levels. Rural populations in general have higher fertility rates than urban populations, but the difference isnât really enough to consider it significant. The groups that fit this category well seem to be exclusively religious. These include certain Christian denominations in the traditional Anabaptist category including the Amish, Mennonites, and Hutterites, Muslims in some areas, and Jews, particularly the most orthodox sects. Mormons recently fell out of the high-fertility religious group category, which would also make for some interesting research.
It would be fascinating to compare these groups and see what they have in common outside just being religious in nature. I donât have the knowledge to make that comparison. Instead, Iâm going to focus on the group thatâs often referenced and analyzed by people without much personal knowledge, the Amish.
I have read numerous articles and comments that reference the Amish to support this or that theory on the cause of falling fertility. One thing I notice is an obvious lack of understanding of the Amish culture, which leads to faulty arguments that donât reflect reality. This isnât surprising, given the insular and poorly-understood nature of the culture, the plethora of ridiculously incorrect âAmishâ reality TV shows and pop culture myths, and the fact that the number of people with firsthand knowledge of Amish culture from an insider perspective who also write about demographic trends on any public platform is probably zero.
Well, was zero. Iâm about to make that one.
My Qualifications
Since Iâm claiming to have this knowledge, itâs only fair to give a little background as to how I got it. I choose to stay anonymous on the internet, and given that this is personal information that could make it significantly easier to dox me, Iâll be deliberately vague.
My parents were both born in Amish families. They didnât stay, opting to leave the Amish church and culture before getting married and starting their family. My grandparents were all Amish, and all my cousins and most of my extended family remain Amish to this day. My parents didnât move out of the Amish community, staying in the area and joining a conservative Mennonite church that was about the closest thing to being Amish without actually being Amish. The Mennonite community has a generally good relationship with and a lot of respect for the Amish community, given their deep similarities and shared history and cultural background.
I grew up interacting regularly with Amish relatives, neighbors and community members, speaking the Pennsylvania Dutch my parents taught us and used exclusively at home. Iâm very certain that a real deep understanding of Amish culture is almost impossible without speaking their language, just like many other cultures around the world. The Amish speak English as their second language, but there are aspects of their culture that arenât spoken about in English.
This lifelong proximity to and interaction with the Amish community has, I believe, given me some unique insights into the factors supporting their high fertility rates that no amount of academic research will ever uncover.
Who are the Amish?
First, some basics.
The Amish are a traditionalist Christian denomination. The way to understand the Amish is as a religious denomination first, and a culture second. Getting the two mixed up makes it impossible to understand why the Amish live the way they do.
Sure, their unique lifestyles makes them noteworthy as a group. But that lifestyle is based on and maintained by their religious beliefs and convictions.
Fundamentally, the Amish attempt to live out the Gospel as Jesus taught in the Sermon on the Mount. They believe their church has done so historically, and that the best way to make sure they keep doing so in the future is to view any changes to their traditional lifestyle with extreme skepticism and resistance.
The two primary doctrines that separate them from the mainstream Protestant Reformation, which is their groupâs origin, are the doctrines of nonconformity and nonresistance. They apply the doctrine of nonconformity, the command to âbe not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of Godâ in both a spiritual and a practical sense. They believe that Christians are to be radically different from non-Christians, both in their beliefs and attitudes, and in their lifestyle and appearance. And they apply the command to âresist not evilâ, nonresistance, to mean that itâs a sin to use physical force or violence against another person for any reason whatsoever. They donât make any exception for military service of any type, which they object to as a matter of conscience, or for self-defense, which they refuse to engage in even if it means death for themselves or their family.
The Amish do not practice infant baptism. Their young people must choose to be baptized and formally become members of the church, usually in their late teens or early twenties. As part of the baptism ceremony, they make a vow to remain faithful to God and the church until death. The Amish, as a church, interpret this vow to mean that the new church member will remain a member of the Amish church for life. Leaving the Amish church after making this vow and being baptized is viewed as breaking the vow, and is the justification for their practice of shunning, or the ban. Those who do so are cut off from contact with the community in various ways. Typically they wonât eat a meal with a shunned person, ride in a car a shunned person is driving, or do business with a shunned person. That includes immediate family. Failure to enforce this shunning against someone, even your own child, can result in running afoul of the church leadership and also being excommunicated and shunned.
This punishment, however, only applies to people who leave the church after baptism. Those young people who choose not to be baptized and leave the church instead are free to be treated just like any other non-Amish person, although their family essentially disown them and treat them like a shunned person anyway, if theyâre especially strict and upset about the betrayal of Amish values.
Most Amish people donât believe that the Amish are the only true church, or that only Amish people are true Christians. Most are accepting of other conservative Anabaptist denominations, and respect their values and practices as a different but valid way to be Christian. Church teaching strongly suggests that those who fall under the ban are living in sin and wonât make it to heaven. Most individuals, though, probably wouldnât agree with that in every case if they were free to give their true opinion on the issue.
The Amish maintain a fertility rate of around 6 to 7 children per woman. Some recent research suggests this may be starting to fall somewhat, but the data isnât extensive enough to make a solid judgement yet.
There are a wide variety of different âflavorsâ of Amish in different areas of the US, a fact theyâre very aware of. The data strongly indicates that the most conservative and technologically primitive communities have slightly higher fertility rates and significantly higher retention rates of young people.
Why do the Amish Maintain High Fertility Rates?
Okay, enough background. Time to dive into the reasons I believe the Amish maintain their historically high fertility rate despite living in a developed, modern economy surrounded by people with dramatically sub-replacement fertility rates.
I thought long and hard about the best way to approach this. Going through a list of factors topically seemed like the obvious one. But the more I thought it through, the less I liked it. For one, how do you arrange the factors? Order of importance? How do you decide that? Also, the factors are so inter-related that theyâll be very tough to separate and understand individually. Finally, it seems dry and boring. Nobody needs that.
So Iâm going to try something different. Iâm going to approach it from a narrative angle. Iâll try to describe the life of a typical Amish person, from birth to death, in a chronological way. Thatâs the best approach to present it in a way that makes the culture relatable, while also tying the different factors together logically.
Iâll describe the experience for both men and women as best I can, and try to present the various factors encouraging high fertility as I see them at the appropriate part of the story.
This will likely be an article that gets revised later to address any questions that come up, so donât consider it the final word on the subject.
Alright, time to get started.
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First off, this might seem obvious, but the typical Amish baby is born into a large family. On average, theyâll have 5 or 6 siblings, and more is not at all uncommon. Families of 10 wonât raise an eyebrow, and 12-16 children arenât unheard of, especially in the past when mortality was higher and second marriages were more common among younger widowers who went on to have children with their second wife. Humans are social creatures, and the environment and people we grow up surrounded by have a strong influence on our frame of reference. Studies have shown that women are very unlikely to have more children than their mother had. The number of siblings in your family, and in families you observe and interact with, doesnât determine the number of children you will have, but it does strongly influence the number of children you feel is a ânormalâ amount. That makes it a kind of ratchet effect, where itâs very unlikely that a generation raised in homes with one or two children will go on to have larger families of their own collectively.
This cultural norm of large families establishes a kind of inertia that normalizes high fertility right from birth. Amish children grow up surrounded by siblings, observing, and as they get older, helping with the care and maintenance of a large family. All their relatives, cousins and extended family are also likely to belong to large families. The average Amish child grows up with dozens of first cousins, and sometimes hundreds of more distant cousins, many of whom they likely know well and socialize with regularly. This experience establishes a mental framework where a large family is assumed to be the default. And there is no stronger human tendency than the urge to fit in with the people around you.
Amish children grow up with strong gender norms taught from a very young age. The Amish culture follows strict and conservative gender roles. Boys and men do male things, girls and women do female things, and there is little effort or desire to create any overlapping space.
Boys grow up doing traditionally masculine things. They play outside, do chores on the farm, help their dad with his work, probably get a BB gun before age 10, go hunting and fishing, play sports, and generally prepare for a lifetime of physical labor and providing for a wife and family.
Girls grow up doing traditionally feminine things. They help care for younger siblings, help with housework, play with dolls, learn to cook and preserve food, learn to sew, and generally prepare for a lifetime of caring for and raising children and maintaining a large household.
Itâs a common misconception that the Amish are mostly farmers who live off the land, subsistence style. Thatâs not at all accurate. While there are still Amish who make their living farming, at least in some areas, that has become the exception. The large scale of modern agriculture means it takes a lot of acres and a lot of machinery to run a profitable commercial farming operation. The Amish reject the use of most modern agricultural machinery, which makes them uncompetitive in commercial agriculture outside more niche markets like dairy, produce, or greenhouses. And the fact that they live in small geographic communities with large families means they quickly buy up all available farmland in an area until they price themselves out of the market. Prime farmland in heavy Amish farming communities like Lancaster, Pennsylvania routinely sells for over $25,000 per acre, which is more than a commercial crop farming operation might bring in over a lifetime.
So the Amish have moved away from a primarily agriculture based economy to various other occupations. In some areas they work in RV factories. Most work in trades, primarily construction. Many are masons, carpenters, cabinet builders, mechanics, welders, etc.
But they reject the ownership of cars, so they still use their characteristic horses and buggies for transportation. In reality, they use cars for most of their transportation needs. But they donât own cars or have driverâs licenses, so they rely on âAmish taxi driversâ to chauffer them around. The men hire a driver to take them to and from work, if they work in construction or some other job outside the home. The women hire a driver take them to town for their shopping or for other errands. The exception is church. Theyâre still required to drive to church in a horse and buggy, so every family must keep a horse for that reason, as a bare minimum. In many cases thatâs the only time they ever use a horse and buggy, and if it werenât for that requirement they wouldnât own one at all.
But that requirement means every Amish family must own enough land to keep a horse, which takes a few acres and a small barn at minimum. This forces them to live in rural areas and raise their families in a somewhat agricultural environment, even if their occupation wouldnât require that at all. So there are always chores for the children, animals to care for, and space to play outside with their siblings.
Amish children grow up with very limited exposure to mainstream cultural pressures. Their mothers inevitably raise them at home until they start school. They donât have TV or cell phones, so they arenât exposed to any mainstream culture on a daily basis.
The Amish have their own schools, typically small one room schools within walking distance of all the families who attend. The teachers are often young single people, always Amish. They primarily teach basic academics: reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, history, etc. While the Amish speak both English and Pennsylvania Dutch, many Amish children are first exposed to English on a daily basis when they start school. School is taught in English, although there is limited teaching of the High German the Amish use in their church services.
Amish children attend school until 8th grade. The schools run the minimum number of days required by the state, usually 160. There is no higher education beyond grade 8. No Amish attend college.
Amish children are taught from little up that they are not like other people. The differences between their culture and mainstream culture are emphasized, and Amish culture is praised as the ideal, at a religious level. They're taught that the way to do whatâs right is to do what the church asks, and those who donât do what the church asks are in the wrong.
The Amish rate and describe everyone on a scale from âhighâ to âlowâ. A person who isnât Amish, who isnât a Christian, is a âhighâ person, or an âEnglishâ person. To go from being Amish to being âEnglishâ is the worst, most damning, failure imaginable. The Amish are âlowâ people. The more strict and traditional an Amish sect, the âlowerâ they are. Being âlowâ is seen as a virtue. Other conservative Christian denominations, particularly other Anabaptist groups, are also considered âlowâ people and generally viewed favorably, but they arenât as âlowâ as the Amish.
Amish boys grow up expecting to start work full time at age 14, and to work at some type of trade or physical labor. There are no white-collar career tracks, essentially. Entrepreneurship is encouraged, and many young Amish men start their own construction crew or home business in their 20s or 30s after a few years of experience working for someone else. Often Amish boys start off working for and with their dad, in whatever trade or business he operates. But if theyâre not interested in that particular occupation, theyâre free to find another. Amish businesses and tradesmen are always willing to hire young Amish boys and train them in a craft. A good work ethic is considered a virtue, and Amish are known for their skilled craftsmanship and willingness to work harder than the competition. These traits are taught and encouraged from little on up.
Amish men as a whole do very well financially. For one, they start working and developing skills and work ethic a decade earlier than the typical college graduate. The trades pay well, and of course anyone could take advantage of that, but the mainstream narrative discourages men from pursuing a trade career by labeling it low status and keeping them in education until their prime years to gain a work ethic are past. Itâs not uncommon for young Amish men just out of 8th grade to land a job on a carpentry crew for $25-30 an hour. With bonuses, some of them are bringing in $90k/year before age 20. Another advantage young Amish men have is lower expenses. They can certainly find places to spend their money, typically hobbies like hunting and fishing, but things like expensive designer clothes and accessories or overpriced car payments arenât really an option. They also benefit from the Amish exemption to Social Security taxes. The Amish donât pay into or collect Social Security. More on that later, but it helps immensely to keep more of your paycheck in your early prime working years.
Amish girls grow up expecting to get married at a young age and raise a large family as a traditional housewife. Amish girls arenât encouraged to have a âcareerâ, and the idea would be silly to them. They are expected to work, but the work is either helping their mom with the household, working on the family farm or business, or doing something like teaching school or working at an Amish farmerâs market to pass the time between leaving school and marriage. Itâs never viewed as a permanent occupation, because marriage and motherhood is the default aspirational lifestyle. A common job for young Amish girls is working as a âmaidâ to help a new mother with housework at the end of pregnancy and for the first few months after childbirth. All new mothers can get this type of help if they want, and it will usually be a younger sister, cousin, or niece of appropriate age. Otherwise the community will find a suitable girl whoâs available for the job. A âmaidâ will sometimes travel to a different Amish community for this reason, given how large extended families are and how frequently Amish families move across the country to a different community. This is often an opportunity for them to attract the attention of a young man outside their local community, and is one of the only ways for a long-distance relationship and marriage to begin.
Amish young people are expected to live with their parents until marriage, with very few exceptions. Theyâre also typically expected to work for their dad in the family business for no pay, and to give any earnings they make at a day job outside the home to their parents. This is typically expected until age 21, or until they get married, whichever comes first. More recently, with the rising cost of land and housing, itâs becoming more common to make age 18 the cutoff. And when a young couple is engaged, the parents typically allow them to start saving their income for their future household. This practice helps parents offset some of the expenses of raising such large families, along with the fact that no money is spent on higher education. It also provides one strong incentive to marry as early as possible.
Amish culture revolves around family and the community. Extended families are large, and people are expected to know and interact with their family. Conversation with a stranger at a social event invariably starts by asking their name, then asking who their parents, grandparents, and other relatives are until some distant family connection or a mutual acquaintance is found. Since the Amish community has a small pool of family names, and tends to heavily favor certain Biblical first names, enough people end up with the same name to make things really confusing. People are often identified by two or three generations of their family, for example âSam Yoderâs Johnâs Amosâ for an Amos Yoder whoâs father was John Yoder and grandfather Sam Yoder.
Social activities are either family events or church events, or both. Weddings and funerals are the main social functions other than church services, and people are expected to attend as many as possible among their family and extended family, regardless of the distance. Given the large family sizes, most Amish have dozens of first cousins and many more distant cousins. Weddings and funerals can be almost weekly events. These are church events as well, so much of the local Amish community will usually attend. It will be an all day event, with the women and girls preparing a lunch and dinner for everyone. After the meal, the women and girls will wash the dishes and clean up, while the men sit around and talk. No cell phones, remember. Talking is the main form of social interaction. Topics typically include work, family news, hunting and fishing stories (Amish men hunt and fish with the same enthusiasm typical American men watch sports), horses, and interesting or funny stories about family and friends. Those with a knack for entertaining oratory are well respected and appreciated in the Amish community.
Of course the women do their fair share of talking as well, in the kitchen while cleaning up after the meal, and later in the living room where they join the men after the domestic work is done. The main topics of conversation always revolve around family, immediate and extended. News travels through the Amish community faster than any social media platform, because nothing builds Amish female status more than being the first to call with the news that great uncle so-and-so was injured in a farming accident or nephew so-and-so has a new baby, along with all the pertinent details about the name, size, and health of the baby and how the mother is doing and how many grandchildren that makes in total for the lucky grandparents.
While the adults are talking, the children are free to play either inside or preferably outside. Trampolines, climbing trees, playing in the hayloft, tag, volleyball, and softball are favorite activities at various ages. The younger boys and girls typically play together, but as they get older the girls spend more time visiting while the boys prefer more structured sports. Softball is a game for boys, but volleyball is popular with mixed teams of boys and girls at any age.
Visiting relatives or other community families is also a popular social activity, especially on âin-between Sundayâ. The Amish have church every other week, and the week without church is often an opportunity to visit another family. Invitations are not expected or required, and anyone stopping by will be expected to stay for dinner and into the evening. At these type of events, the older children are often expected to sit and visit with the adults. Sitting still and being quiet are mandatory skills, since church services are 2 hours or longer and held in barns or sheds without air conditioning filled with backless wooden benches. Self-discipline is not an optional virtue, because the alternative is physical discipline.
As Amish young people enter their mid teen years, they go from childhood to youth. At a certain age, usually around 15 or 16, they officially become youth and enter the stage everyone is familiar with, ârumspringaâ. Thatâs a Pennsylvania Dutch word that translates to ârunning aroundâ. The Amish use it more as a verb, but pop culture has adopted it as a noun based on some wildly inaccurate reality TV shows and depictions.
The reality is, rumspringa varies widely from community to community, mostly based on what the parents and church leaders tolerate. Remember that Amish church membership is a fully voluntary decision, and Amish young people are free to join or not, as they decide. Late teens is the typical age for that decision. In the meantime, they are free to make their own decisions, subject to their parentsâ rules. Breaking the rules can mean that at some point, they wonât be welcome to live in their parentsâ household any more. Thatâs a fairly strong deterrent to the most extreme infractions.
At this stage, young Amish men will be buying their own horse and buggy, and both boys and girls will be permitted to attend the Sunday night âsingingâ. This is a social activity held at someone's house on Sunday evening, involving all the youth in the community coming together for dinner, playing volleyball, and singing German hymns together. The purpose is to provide a somewhat controlled social environment for young men and women to interact and hopefully meet their future spouse. Dating couples can attend together, and dates are permitted after the formal activities, with the young men often driving their date home late at night before finally heading home themselves.
Depending on the tolerance of the community, the informal activities can be a bit more permissive than singing hymns and playing volleyball. Often the buggies will become a typical teenage party scene, with alcohol, smoking, a radio, illicit smartphones and DVD players, and some less-than-reserved interaction between boys and girls. The punishment for getting caught can be severe, but in many cases the adults tend to turn a blind eye to whatâs happening, and let the young people do as they please.
A lot more could be said about the dynamics of this cultural practice, but specifics vary so much between communities that I donât think thereâs much value in doing so. The point I think is relevant to this discussion is the question of sex.
Thereâs no reason to go off into the weeds on how much, if any, sex occurs. Premarital sex is absolutely forbidden. Does it happen anyway? Humans being human, certainly. How much? Probably very little in most cases. Getting pregnant, or getting someone pregnant, is the one transgression with inevitable life-changing consequences. The âshotgun weddingâ is alive and well among the Amish, and getting a girl pregnant means marrying her or being expelled from the Amish community permanently, no exceptions. Besides that, getting pregnant outside of marriage is the most disgraceful and shameful thing a girl could do. It happens very very rarely, put it that way.
So casual sex within the community is basically off the table. What about casual sex with âEnglishâ people? This is where the Amish cultural practices play a big role. The Amish dress very distinctly. They canât go anywhere in their traditional clothes without being instantly recognized. They also donât drive cars, so going somewhere means getting a ride with someone. And their parents will usually keep an eye on their plans and whereabouts. So letâs imagine how an Amish teenager might go about finding a casual sexual encounter.
First off, getting ahold of a cell phone would be essential. They need some way to communicate with the outside world, and coordinate with their âpartner in crime.â A lot of Amish teenagers do this, often with the help of slightly older people who have left the Amish, but keep ties with the community, maybe an older sibling or cousin. These are often the same people who buy alcohol for Amish teens.
Then, they need to get some non-Amish clothes. Remember, every trip away from home will take a willing driver, a plausible excuse in a community where everyone knows everyone, and the guarantee of being immediately recognized if seen in public. And the Amish parents know who the âbad kidsâ are, the ones who left but are willing to help their younger relatives and friends break the rules. Getting caught hanging around with them will probably mean a lot less trust and a lot less freedom in the future.
For the girls, a change of âEnglishâ clothes and a new hairstyle will let them blend in quite well. Of course, they canât be caught leaving or coming home in those clothes, or have the clothes found at home. Lots of logistical hurdles everywhere. For the boys, they have a very distinctive haircut. A new change of clothes wonât fix that. Thereâs really no way for them to hide the fact that theyâre Amish, even if the accent and the lack of a driverâs license donât give them away.
Assuming they manage all that, and sneak away from home undetected, how will they find someone to hook up with? Theyâre very insulated from popular culture, and probably not at all comfortable in typical social situations. For the girls, thereâs the added risk that an accidental pregnancy, or even just getting caught, would ruin their reputation and any chance of marriage and a family in the Amish community. So theyâre unlikely to even try, unless theyâre already fully intending to leave the Amish for good. That only really happens if they have a guy ready to marry them outside the Amish community, for reasons Iâll get into more later. Briefly, the Amish culture and schooling leaves women poorly prepared to support themselves outside that culture.
For the boys, thereâs the typical difficulty men face in finding casual sexual partners. Multiply that by the difficulty of not having a car or driverâs license, not being experienced in mainstream social norms, plus that obvious and undisguisable Amish haircut. And all that ignores the lifelong teaching that casual sex is sinful and wrong, and those who engage in it are going against the teachings of God and the church. The entire culture is specifically designed to discourage casual sex as strongly as possible, and it does an excellent job at that.
Why does that matter? Well, humans are all very much the same, with the same desires and instincts. And sex is one of the strongest of those desires. The Amish are certainly no different.
So the Amish religious practice and culture offers a very simple choice. You can choose sex outside of marriage, which will be difficult or impossible, occasional at best, and if you get caught will mean expulsion from the community your life is rooted in, and even if you donât get caught will mean youâre committing a mortal sin that will keep you out of heaven if you donât repent and change. Or, you can get married and have all the sex you want, and be respected and rewarded for it.
Thatâs really all it takes to sell the idea of marriage to most men.
When a couple does decide to get engaged, of course with permission from the girlâs father, the wedding happens within a reasonably short time, in acknowledgement of the temptation young people face in that situation.
So letâs take a little closer look at the gender differences between the choice to stay single or to marry. Itâs helpful to lay out the different life paths available, and how they play out over time.
There are very few Amish who remain single throughout their life, and almost all of them are women. So letâs look at it through a manâs perspective first. What kind of life can a single Amish man expect?
First off, a lifetime of celibacy. Thereâs hardly any need to go further, thatâs a deal breaker for most men. If they choose to stay single for some reason, most will leave the Amish completely rather than accept those terms.
So maybe itâs more useful to look at incentives for early marriage, which is the norm. Iâm a strong believer that incentives create outcomes, so Iâll be taking a hard look at incentives throughout this article.
Young people are expected to live with their parents until marriage, in most cases. Remember, no going off to college either. So from age 14 on, theyâre stuck living with Mom and Dad, working full time, and not even keeping their own income. That gets old fast. Getting married, moving out, and starting a family looks better every day. Besides that, Amish women do a lot to improve the lives of their men. The Amish are well known for their delicious food. Well, thatâs because the Amish women cook and bake. As a single guy, moving out of Momâs house means not getting delicious home-cooked food every day. And they donât have an iPhone to order DoorDash either, so itâs pizza delivery, hiring a driver to go to a restaurant, or whatever you can cook yourself. And Amish boys donât grow up learning how to cook, thatâs womenâs work. Same with making clothes. Amish mothers and wives sew clothes for their families, since theyâre forbidden to wear commercially available clothes in general. So a single guy is dependent on his mom for new clothes as well. Same with washing clothes. Most Amish have fairly modern clothes washing machines, although they donât use dryers. But washing and folding clothes isnât a job most boys grow up doing, so theyâre pretty lost if they have to try it.
All in all, there arenât a lot of upsides to staying single longer than absolutely necessary. There are plenty of benefits to marriage, though. For one, marriage is seen as a necessary step to full maturity as a man. Itâs even expressed as a visible marker. Single young men typically stay clean-shaven. Once they get married, shaving is completely forbidden, and they are required to grow out a full beard. So the difference between married and single men is obvious at first glance, and is acknowledged as a marker of full maturity.
Then of course thereâs the sexual access. No explanation needed.
Then there are all the benefits of an improved lifestyle a stay-at-home wife provides. That includes cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, caring for a garden, preserving food, helping with farm work or chores, and helping with his business. Many Amish wives are very involved in their husbandâs career or business, whether thatâs managing the bookkeeping, working in the greenhouses, or helping with daily chores on the farm. While most Amish communities use quite modern household appliances, powered with batteries, kerosene, or air pressure, the work of maintaining a household is still much more involved than for the typical American household. Especially when it comes to sewing, which very few American women do at all, but which took a large percentage of womenâs time only a few generations ago. Among the Amish it still does.
Iâm only focusing on the incentives for marriage right now, because thatâs the first step. Of course, most married couples today donât have 5-8 children, so thereâs more to the story. But universal marriage, particularly early marriage, is an essential part of the puzzle.
Shifting focus to the women, here the picture is even more clear. Almost all lifelong single Amish people are women, and thatâs not by choice. The Amish still maintain the âold maidâ category that used to be part of mainstream culture. Single Amish women are almost invariably single because no man offered to marry them. Hereâs why.
If single life is unappealing for Amish men, itâs positively bleak for women. Marriage and family life is the aspirational goal theyâre taught from little up. And for good reason.
With their eighth-grade education, and without a driverâs license and car, their income earning potential is very limited. Most young women who arenât busy on the farm or with the family business work as schoolteachers, housecleaners, babysitters, or cooks and servers at Amish restaurants or farmersâ markets. None of these jobs pay well. Enough to buy a few personal items, but not enough to buy a house or support even one person. And while it might be acceptable for a single Amish man to eventually buy a house and move out, at some point in his late 20s or early 30s, itâs really not acceptable at any age for an Amish old maid. Those old maids typically end up living with their parents, caring for them in old age, working the same type of jobs young girls do, and probably hoping that at some point an older widower with a family will show up and propose.
Marriage has massive lifestyle benefits for women, even more so than for men. Amish men typically do well financially, and often work in construction as well, or have friends and relatives who do. Amish houses are very nice and well constructed to say the least, and the wife gets the house she wants, the way she wants it. Being stingy with a house for your wife isnât part of an Amish manâs mentality. Amish women are well rewarded for all their hard work keeping house, with a house theyâll be happy keeping. And of course a nice farm or at least some acreage, with space for a big garden, a barn for any animals, and space for greenhouses or whatever she needs for any home business ambitions she might have.
Along with that, Amish women have a lot of flexibility when it comes to spending money. Many Amish women handle most of the family finances. And the money her husband earns is family money, not his money. While the husband has final say in financial decisions, most Amish men donât say no to their wivesâ purchase requests often. Married Amish women have access to all the creature comforts the church allows to make their lives as pleasant as possible.
When it comes to status, the benefits are just as clear. Amish life revolves around family, and nothing is higher status than a thriving family of your own. The Amish version of posting exotic vacation pictures on Instagram is showing up to a social function with your new baby. Itâs the automatic center of attention for weeks, until a newer baby show up in the community. And the default topic of conversation is always a womanâs children and their growth and development. Young girls grow up dreaming of the day they can join those conversations, and old maids are always outsiders in a certain sense, pitied by everyone else for their misfortune.
Being an old maid means being poor, low status, pitied by other women, and destined to live with your parents until they pass, with your only bitter-sweet consolation being the role of aunt to your dozens of nieces and nephews and maid to your sisters and sisters-in-law through their many pregnancies. Getting married means access to a manâs income, a nice new house just the way you want it, a farm, and an automatic status boost as a mother and eventually grandmother who always has lots to contribute to the conversation at social events.
As you can imagine, the incentives strongly favor marriage from both directions. Men benefit through improved lifestyle, status, and access to sex. Women benefit through improved lifestyle, economic opportunity, and status in the social hierarchy.
Given that the selection pool for potential partners is limited, mostly to the local Amish community, or occasionally another Amish community if thereâs some interaction through family ties or social events, assortative mating is the norm. Young people can be choosy, sure. But they already know most of the people in their potential mating pool, and have probably known those people for most of their lives. They have a pretty good idea how desirable they are to potential partners, and the girls especially have to think long and hard about turning down a suitor. Men are always the initiators of a relationship, and the risk of turning down an eligible man and then never getting another offer, ending up as a dreaded old maid, is always lurking in the back of their minds.
Besides that, both men and women have multiple ways to improve their spouseâs life. Women are much more than just sexual objects. Their domestic role actually raises their husbandâs standard of living significantly, in a way he canât access as a single man. And men are all valuable to women, both for resources and for status as a wife and mother. Even a very average husband or wife is a massive lifestyle boost over remaining single.
By now it should be pretty clear why marriage is almost universal among the Amish, and marriage at what most would consider a young age (19-23) is more common than not. And I havenât even mentioned any religious teaching, because frankly I donât think thatâs a major force on an individual level. The religious beliefs shape the social and material landscape, and that landscape provides the practical incentives that cause people to make the choices they do. The fact that an Amish interpretation of the Bible encourages marriage and children is one layer removed from the reasons individual 20-year-old Amish men and women choose to get married.
I pointed out earlier that getting married and having a high birthrate, or even getting married young and having a high birthrate, are not exactly the same thing. Plenty of married couples today have one, two, or even no children, even if they got married young enough to have ten if they chose to do so. So why are the Amish different?
Thereâs the too-obvious answer: they donât allow the use of contraceptives. Occamâs razor and all, but it deserves a bit more explanation. After all, the Catholic Church doesnât allow the use of contraceptives either, and look how well thatâs working out for them. Of course the enforcement mechanism doesnât have the teeth among Catholics that it has among the Amish, but thatâs not the whole story. If they were motivated enough, thereâd be a way to space the children out more, maybe end up without quite so many, without anyone knowing. That doesnât happen, because the contraceptive ban is a dead letter when couples want to have as many children as possible, which the Amish typically do.
Again, Iâll go back to incentives. What are the incentives to have children specifically, as many as possible, and not just get married and âplan for a family one dayâ?
For one, status. For both men and women, a large family is a marker of high status. Parents are respected and honored for doing a good job of raising well-adjusted children.
Children are also less of a financial burden for the Amish. Their children are raised well, but not in a financially intensive way thatâs become expected today. They donât have to buy a new car or SUV to fit the family, they donât buy every child a boatload of expensive electronic gadgets every birthday and Christmas, they donât have to pay for frequent vacations or college tuition, and they donât have to eat out or pay for takeout or pay for childcare or a house cleaner since the wife is handling all those domestic roles herself. And the Amish donât practice helicopter parenting, so children are much more free to play and amuse themselves without constant supervision from their parents. They donât have to be driven to 17 different weekly structured activities. They have a farm to play on and shelves full of books to read and some toys to play with if the weather is bad, and thatâs about it. And of course as the family grows, the older siblings do a large percentage of the housework and help with the younger children.
The older teenagers that are working outside the home typically give their earnings to their parents, but this basically offsets the cost of raising them, so it isnât really an incentive to have larger families, just the removal of a disincentive.
The strongest real incentive, other than increased status and cultural inertia, that I observe for large families is that the children are the parentsâ retirement plan. The Amish donât work at jobs that offer pensions or benefits. They are exempt from paying into, but also ineligible to receive, Social Security benefits. The Social Security exemption was granted on the basis that the Amish donât need government payments to support them in old age, because the family and community will do that. And they do.
How does this work out in practice? First, the Amish donât practice âretirementâ the way most people think of it. They teach that work is honorable and every able-bodied man should work to support his family and to help those in need. So as long as a man is physically able to work, heâll be employed and supporting himself and his wife. And Amish women move directly from the role of mother to the role of grandmother. Itâs not at all uncommon, in fact, for a womanâs first grandchild to be born before her last child is born. So plenty of Amish children are an aunt or uncle at birth, and have a niece or nephew older than they are. Grandmothers are extremely involved in helping their daughters and daughters-in-law with childcare, so they donât often have a big stretch of free time after their children grow up and move out. And besides that, there are still the significant household responsibilities to attend to.
As a couple gets older and perhaps less able to handle everything on their own, they often move to the home of one of their grown children. Typically not into the home directly, but into whatâs called a âdody hausâ (grandpa house) which might be a small detached house on the same property, or a separate wing of the larger house, like an in-law suite. Here theyâre able to live independently, help care for the grandchildren next door, and still be nearby so their children and grandchildren can give any care they may need in old age. If the couple has an unmarried âold maidâ daughter, sheâll typically still be living with them and will be the primary caregiver.
If someone doesnât have children to care for them, the Amish community will find a way to care for them. Some more distant relative or maybe surviving siblings will step in to help. But the expectation and the rule is that your children and grandchildren will care for you after youâre no longer able to care for yourself. Finding yourself growing old without family is an unfortunate and unpleasant situation, regardless how much the community may try to fill that role. Just as throughout earlier stages of life, social functions and social status revolve around children and family, and anyone without them will be incomplete as a person, something of an inevitable outsider to the joys of life. The best insurance against a lonely and uncomfortable old age is a large family, among which there are certain to be sufficient resources to care for you. Many elderly Amish people die with well over a hundred grandchildren and great-grandchildren, and spend their later years constantly surrounded by children and young people who deeply appreciate and respect them. Being taught and shown that respect toward their own grandparents from a young age is a strong incentive to aspire to the same status one day.
Iâm not sure exactly where this fits, but I should point out somewhere that the Amish have an absolutely zero tolerance policy toward divorce. There are no legitimate grounds for divorce whatsoever, and anyone who initiates a divorce will be excommunicated from the church and shunned. If an Amish personâs spouse initiates divorce proceedings, they wonât cooperate with those proceedings in any way. If the divorce happens through the legal system without their consent anyway, they can remain a church member in good standing only by staying celibate as long as their spouse remains alive. The only acceptable second marriage is in the case of the death of a spouse. In those cases, a quick remarriage is the rule among widows and widowers with young children, since raising a family is seen as a job for a married couple, not a single person.
Itâs hard to say exactly how this stance against divorce influences marriage and fertility. But it certainly limits exposure to the idea of divorce as a âsolutionâ to marriage difficulties, and incentivizes couples to work things out for their own life satisfaction. And it dramatically reduces the financial risks men face in the modern marriage system, where the potential to lose not only their family, but also a significant portion of their material wealth, raises strong disincentives to marriage. The physical realities of married life versus single life in a more low-tech environment probably discourage divorce, but the added threat of complete social and familial ostracization eliminate it almost entirely.
Conclusion
This article is my attempt to provide some insight into the Amish culture that might help us understand the factors causing their unusually high fertility rate. Iâve titled it as part one, because I plan to follow up with some of my personal opinions on how these insights relate to the broader society. I think a lot of the proposed causes of and solutions to the global demographic collapse are completely incorrect, and my opinion is based heavily on my observation of Amish culture. That will be the focus of part two of this article.
Feel free to comment and post questions. My biggest challenge in writing this article is the fact that I take my familiarity with Amish culture for granted to some degree, so I struggled to choose which points are relevant to understanding the culture for an outsider. Iâm sure I skipped over plenty of important details that may leave readers feeling confused, so Iâll do my best to answer any questions you post, and update the article with pertinent information I missed.
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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2025-05-24 15:06:32I was just updating our potential points, now that we know who won MVP, who made All NBA 1st team, and which teams are still alive for the title, and it turns out that no matter who wins the title @gnilma will win this contest.
Congratulations, @gnilma!
This is just further proof that @gnilma is our NBA Guru.
Let me know where you want your 7k in winnings sent.
https://stacker.news/items/988245
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@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43
2025-05-18 04:14:48Abstract
This document proposes a novel architecture that decouples the peer-to-peer (P2P) communication layer from the Bitcoin protocol and replaces or augments it with the Nostr protocol. The goal is to improve censorship resistance, performance, modularity, and maintainability by migrating transaction propagation and block distribution to the Nostr relay network.
Introduction
Bitcoinâs current architecture relies heavily on its P2P network to propagate transactions and blocks. While robust, it has limitations in terms of flexibility, scalability, and censorship resistance in certain environments. Nostr, a decentralized event-publishing protocol, offers a multi-star topology and a censorship-resistant infrastructure for message relay.
This proposal outlines how Bitcoin communication could be ported to Nostr while maintaining consensus and verification through standard Bitcoin clients.
Motivation
- Enhanced Censorship Resistance: Nostrâs architecture enables better relay redundancy and obfuscation of transaction origin.
- Simplified Lightweight Nodes: Removing the full P2P stack allows for lightweight nodes that only verify blockchain data and communicate over Nostr.
- Architectural Modularity: Clean separation between validation and communication enables easier auditing, upgrades, and parallel innovation.
- Faster Propagation: Nostrâs multi-star network may provide faster propagation of transactions and blocks compared to the mesh-like Bitcoin P2P network.
Architecture Overview
Components
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Bitcoin Minimal Node (BMN):
- Verifies blockchain and block validity.
- Maintains UTXO set and handles mempool logic.
- Connects to Nostr relays instead of P2P Bitcoin peers.
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Bridge Node:
- Bridges Bitcoin P2P traffic to and from Nostr relays.
- Posts new transactions and blocks to Nostr.
- Downloads mempool content and block headers from Nostr.
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Nostr Relays:
- Accept Bitcoin-specific event kinds (transactions and blocks).
- Store mempool entries and block messages.
- Optionally broadcast fee estimation summaries and tipsets.
Event Format
Proposed reserved Nostr
kind
numbers for Bitcoin content (NIP/BIP TBD):| Nostr Kind | Purpose | |------------|------------------------| | 210000 | Bitcoin Transaction | | 210001 | Bitcoin Block Header | | 210002 | Bitcoin Block | | 210003 | Mempool Fee Estimates | | 210004 | Filter/UTXO summary |
Transaction Lifecycle
- Wallet creates a Bitcoin transaction.
- Wallet sends it to a set of configured Nostr relays.
- Relays accept and cache the transaction (based on fee policies).
- Mining nodes or bridge nodes fetch mempool contents from Nostr.
- Once mined, a block is submitted over Nostr.
- Nodes confirm inclusion and update their UTXO set.
Security Considerations
- Sybil Resistance: Consensus remains based on proof-of-work. The communication path (Nostr) is not involved in consensus.
- Relay Discoverability: Optionally bootstrap via DNS, Bitcoin P2P, or signed relay lists.
- Spam Protection: Relay-side policy, rate limiting, proof-of-work challenges, or Lightning payments.
- Block Authenticity: Nodes must verify all received blocks and reject invalid chains.
Compatibility and Migration
- Fully compatible with current Bitcoin consensus rules.
- Bridge nodes preserve interoperability with legacy full nodes.
- Nodes can run in hybrid mode, fetching from both P2P and Nostr.
Future Work
- Integration with watch-only wallets and SPV clients using verified headers via Nostr.
- Use of Nostrâs social graph for partial trust assumptions and relay reputation.
- Dynamic relay discovery using Nostr itself (relay list events).
Conclusion
This proposal lays out a new architecture for Bitcoin communication using Nostr to replace or augment the P2P network. This improves decentralization, censorship resistance, modularity, and speed, while preserving consensus integrity. It encourages innovation by enabling smaller, purpose-built Bitcoin nodes and offloading networking complexity.
This document may become both a Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP-XXX) and a Nostr Improvement Proposal (NIP-XXX). Event kind range reserved: 210000â219999.
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@ 95cbd62b:a5270126
2025-05-24 14:06:33Trong tháťi Äấi cĂ´ng ngháť sáť phĂĄt triáťn mấnh máş˝, nhu cáş§u tĂŹm kiáşżm máťt náťn tảng tĂch hᝣp Äáş§y Äáť§ tiáťn Ăch, an toĂ n vĂ thân thiáťn váťi ngưáťi dĂšng ngĂ y cĂ ng tÄng cao. OK22 ÄĂŁ chᝊng minh váť tháşż cáť§a mĂŹnh khĂ´ng cháť lĂ máťt náťn tảng giải trĂ tráťąc tuyáşżn, mĂ còn lĂ máťt cĂ´ng c᝼ cĂ´ng ngháť thĂ´ng minh ph᝼c v᝼ máťi nhu cáş§u trong Äáťi sáťng sáť. Váťi thiáşżt káşż giao diáťn 100% tiáşżng Viáťt vĂ khả nÄng tưƥng thĂch trĂŞn máťi thiáşżt báť tᝍ mĂĄy tĂnh Äáşżn Äiáťn thoấi, OK22 mang Äáşżn cho ngưáťi dĂšng trải nghiáťm mưᝣt mĂ , dáť sáť d᝼ng vĂ hoĂ n toĂ n bảo máşt. Äưᝣc phĂĄt triáťn trĂŞn náťn tảng cĂ´ng ngháť hiáťn Äấi, OK22 háť trᝣ ngưáťi dĂšng quản lĂ˝ thĂ´ng tin cĂĄ nhân, tháťąc hiáťn giao dáťch nhanh chĂłng, lưu trᝯ dᝯ liáťu an toĂ n vĂ tiáşżp cáşn cĂĄc tiáťn Ăch cĂ´ng ngháť tiĂŞn tiáşżn máťt cĂĄch dáť dĂ ng, káť cả váťi ngưáťi máťi sáť d᝼ng.
Máťt trong nhᝯng Äiáťm mấnh náťi báşt cáť§a OK22 chĂnh lĂ khả nÄng táťą Äáťng hĂła trong xáť lĂ˝ tĂĄc v᝼, giĂşp tiáşżt kiáťm tháťi gian vĂ táťi ưu hĂła hiáťu suẼt lĂ m viáťc. Náťn tảng Äưᝣc trang báť háť tháťng bảo máşt cao cẼp, bảo váť táťi Äa quyáťn riĂŞng tư vĂ tĂ i sản sáť cáť§a ngưáťi dĂšng. OK22 còn cung cẼp háť tháťng háť trᝣ tráťąc tuyáşżn 24/7, giĂşp ngưáťi dĂšng giải quyáşżt máťi vẼn Äáť nhanh chĂłng mĂ khĂ´ng báť giĂĄn Äoấn. DĂš lĂ máťt cĂĄ nhân Äang tĂŹm kiáşżm cĂ´ng c᝼ quản lĂ˝ tĂ i chĂnh cĂĄ nhân, máťt doanh nghiáťp nháť cáş§n náťn tảng Äáť xáť lĂ˝ ÄĆĄn hĂ ng vĂ thanh toĂĄn, hay máťt nhĂłm cáťng Äáťng cáş§n khĂ´ng gian káşżt náťi sáť â OK22 Äáťu cĂł tháť ÄĂĄp ᝊng linh hoất vĂ hiáťu quả. KhĂ´ng nhᝯng váşy, nháť tĂch hᝣp nhiáťu tĂnh nÄng như thĂ´ng bĂĄo táťą Äáťng, Äáťng báť dᝯ liáťu ÄĂĄm mây, vĂ tĂch hᝣp API máť, OK22 còn dáť dĂ ng káşżt náťi váťi cĂĄc náťn tảng khĂĄc trong háť sinh thĂĄi sáť, giĂşp ngưáťi dĂšng tấo nĂŞn máťt mĂ´i trưáťng lĂ m viáťc vĂ sinh hoất thĂ´ng minh.
KhĂ´ng dᝍng lấi áť ÄĂł, OK22 Äang ngĂ y cĂ ng máť ráťng hᝣp tĂĄc váťi cĂĄc Äáťi tĂĄc láťn trong nhiáťu lÄŠnh váťąc như giĂĄo d᝼c tráťąc tuyáşżn, thưƥng mấi Äiáťn táť, chÄm sĂłc sᝊc kháťe vĂ tĂ i chĂnh cĂĄ nhân. Náťn tảng khĂ´ng ngᝍng cáşp nháşt nhᝯng cĂ´ng ngháť tiĂŞn tiáşżn như AI, blockchain vĂ dᝯ liáťu láťn (Big Data) nháşąm mang lấi trải nghiáťm ngưáťi dĂšng táťi ưu vĂ ÄĂĄp ᝊng nhu cáş§u ngĂ y cĂ ng Äa dấng cáť§a cáťng Äáťng Viáťt. Váťi táťc Äáť xáť lĂ˝ nhanh, giao diáťn tráťąc quan vĂ Äáť tin cáşy cao, OK22 khĂ´ng cháť ÄĆĄn thuáş§n lĂ máťt ᝊng d᝼ng cĂ´ng ngháť â mĂ còn lĂ ngưáťi bấn Äáťng hĂ nh tin cáşy trong hĂ nh trĂŹnh sáť hĂła cáť§a ngưáťi Viáťt. Trong tưƥng lai gáş§n, OK22 hᝊa háşšn sáş˝ tráť thĂ nh náťn tảng cĂ´ng ngháť khĂ´ng tháť thiáşżu trong máťi gia ÄĂŹnh, táť chᝊc vĂ doanh nghiáťp, ÄĂłng vai trò then cháťt trong viáťc thĂşc ÄẊy chuyáťn Äáťi sáť toĂ n diáťn vĂ phĂĄt triáťn báťn vᝯng.
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@ 0e9491aa:ef2adadf
2025-05-24 14:01:35Influencers would have you believe there is an ongoing binance bank run but bitcoin wallet data says otherwise.
- binance wallets are near all time highs
- bitfinex wallets are also trending up
- gemini and coinbase are being hit with massive withdrawals thoughYou should not trust custodians, they can rug you without warning. It is incredibly important you learn how to hold bitcoin yourself, but also consider not blindly trusting influencers with a ref link to shill you.
If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.
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@ 3283ef81:0a531a33
2025-05-24 18:20:45Aliquam eu turpis sed enim ultricies scelerisque\ Duis posuere congue faucibus
Praesent pretium orci ante, et faucibus lectus euismod a
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@ c9badfea:610f861a
2025-05-24 12:55:17Before you post a message or article online, let the LLM check if you are leaking any personal information using this prompt:
Analyze the following text to identify any Personally Identifiable Information (PII): <Your Message>
Replace
<Your Message>
with your textIf no PII is found, continue by modifying your message to detach it from your personality. You can use any of the following prompts (and further modify it if necessary).
Prompt â 1 - Reddit-Style
Convert the message into a casual, Reddit-style post without losing meaning. Split the message into shorter statements with the same overall meaning. Here is the message: <Your Message>
Prompt â 2 - Advanced Modifications
``` Apply the following modifications to the message: - Rewrite it in lowercase - Use "u" instead of "you" - Use "akchoaly" instead of "actually" - Use "hav" instead of "have" - Use "tgat" instead of "that" - Use comma instead of period - Use British English grammar
Here is the message:
``` Prompt â 3 - Neutral Tone
Rewrite the message to correct grammar errors, and ensure the tone is neutral and free of emotional language: <Your Message>
Prompt â 4 - Cross Translation Technique
Translate the message into Chinese, then translate the resulting Chinese text back into English. Provide only the final English translation. Here is the message: <Your Message>
Check the modified message and send it.
âšď¸ You can use dialects to obfuscate your language further. For example, if you are from the US, you can tell the LLM to use British grammar and vice versa.
â ď¸ Always verify the results. Don't fully trust an LLM.
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@ 8bf578f4:b6303c41
2025-05-24 12:19:50test
https://nosto.re/6849b84caaa15bdc18ca2e1e1ee00e979c7ecf901787e09054b4bd0196b4ea27.jpg
test svg
https://r2a.primal.net/uploads2/5/b8/22/5b822faaf675e75f49c0129d1f0800762287d04fa3a7a7ce98dddfd017aaf823.svg
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@ 90c656ff:9383fd4e
2025-05-24 12:11:01Since its creation, Bitcoin has marked a turning point in the digital money revolutionâbut its evolution didnât stop at the original concept of decentralized transactions. Over the years, new technological solutions have been developed to expand its capabilities, making it more efficient and versatile. Among these innovations, smart contracts and the Lightning Network stand out, enabling increased functionality and scalability of the network, and ensuring a faster, cheaper, and more accessible system.
Smart contracts on Bitcoin
Smart contracts are programs that automatically execute certain actions when predefined conditions are met. Although the concept is more commonly associated with other networks, Bitcoin also supports smart contracts, especially through upgrades like Taproot.
- Smart contracts on Bitcoin enable functionalities such as:
01 - Conditional payments: Transactions that are only completed if certain rules are met, such as multi-signatures or specific time conditions.
02 - Advanced fund management: Use of multi-signature wallets, where different parties must approve a transaction before it is processed.
03 - Enhanced privacy: With the Taproot upgrade, smart contracts can be more efficient and indistinguishable from regular transactions, improving privacy across the network.
Although smart contracts on Bitcoin are simpler than those on other platforms, this simplicity is a strengthâit preserves the network's security and robustness by avoiding complex vulnerabilities.
Lightning Network: scalability and instant transactions
One of the biggest challenges Bitcoin faces is scalability. Since the original network was designed to prioritize security and decentralization, transaction speed can be limited during periods of high demand. To address this issue, the Lightning Network was createdâa second-layer solution that enables near-instant transactions with extremely low fees.
The Lightning Network works by creating payment channels between users, allowing them to conduct multiple transactions off-chain and recording only the final balance on the main Bitcoin blockchain or timechain. Key advantages include:
01 - Speed: Transactions are completed in milliseconds, making Bitcoin more suitable for daily payments.
02 - Low fees: Since transactions occur off-chain, fees are minimal, allowing for viable microtransactions.
03 - Network decongestion: By moving many transactions to the Lightning Network, Bitcoinâs main chain becomes more efficient and less congested.
In summary, Bitcoin continues to evolve technologically to meet the demands of a global financial system. Smart contracts increase its functionality, offering greater flexibility and security in transactions. The Lightning Network improves scalability, making Bitcoin faster and more practical for everyday use. With these innovations, Bitcoin remains at the forefront of the financial revolution, proving that despite its initial limitations, it continues to adapt and grow as a truly decentralized and global monetary system.
Thank you very much for reading this far. I hope everything is well with you, and sending a big hug from your favorite Bitcoiner maximalist from Madeira. Long live freedom!
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@ 90c656ff:9383fd4e
2025-05-24 12:06:36Throughout history, money has always been under the control of central authorities, such as governments and banks. These intermediaries have set the rules of the financial system, controlled the issuance of currency, and overseen transactions. However, with the emergence of Bitcoin, a new paradigm began to take shape: decentralized money. This transformation represents a profound shift in how people store and transfer value, challenging the traditional financial model.
- The traditional model: centralized money
01 - Dependence on intermediaries: To carry out transactions, people rely on banks, governments, and other regulatory entities.
02 - Inflation and devaluation: Central banks can print money endlessly, often leading to a loss in purchasing power.
03 - Censorship and restrictions: Access to money can be denied for political, bureaucratic, or institutional reasons, limiting individualsâ financial freedom.
Despite being the dominant model for centuries, the centralized system has shown its vulnerabilities through numerous economic and political crises. It was in this context that Bitcoin emerged as an innovative alternative.
- The revolution of decentralized money
01 - Elimination of intermediaries: Transactions can be made directly between users, without the need for banks or financial companies.
02 - Limited and predictable supply: Bitcoin has a fixed cap of 21 million units, preventing the inflation caused by excessive money printing.
03 - Censorship resistance: No entity can block or prevent transactions, ensuring full financial freedom.
04 - Self-custody: Each user can hold their own funds without relying on a bank or any other institution.
This paradigm shift has a significant impact not only on the financial system but also on how people interact with money and protect their wealth.
Challenges and opposition to financial decentralization
The transition to a decentralized financial system faces several challenges, the main one being resistance from traditional institutions. Banks and governments see Bitcoin as a threat to their control over money and seek to regulate or limit its adoption.
There are also technical and educational barriers. Many people still do not fully understand how Bitcoin works, which can hinder its adoption. However, as more people become aware of the benefits of decentralized money, its use is likely to grow.
In summary, the shift from a centralized financial system to a decentralized one represents one of the most significant transformations of the digital era. Bitcoin leads this movement by offering a censorship-resistant, transparent, and accessible alternative. Despite opposition from the traditional system, the decentralization of money continues to gain momentum, providing greater autonomy and financial freedom to people around the world. This revolution is not just technological, but also social and economicâredefining the way the world understands and uses money.
Thank you very much for reading this far. I hope everything is well with you, and sending a big hug from your favorite Bitcoiner maximalist from Madeira. Long live freedom!
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@ 2f29aa33:38ac6f13
2025-05-17 12:59:01The Myth and the Magic
Picture this: a group of investors, huddled around a glowing computer screen, nervously watching Bitcoinâs price. Suddenly, someone produces a stick-no ordinary stick, but a magical one. With a mischievous grin, they poke the Bitcoin. The price leaps upward. Cheers erupt. The legend of the Bitcoin stick is born.
But why does poking Bitcoin with a stick make the price go up? Why does it only work for a lucky few? And what does the data say about this mysterious phenomenon? Letâs dig in, laugh a little, and maybe learn the secret to market-moving magic.
The Statistical Side of Stick-Poking
Bitcoinâs Price: The Wild Ride
Bitcoinâs price is famous for its unpredictability. In the past year, itâs soared, dipped, and soared again, sometimes gaining more than 50% in just a few months. On a good day, billions of dollars flow through Bitcoin trades, and the price can jump thousands in a matter of hours. Clearly, something is making this happen-and itâs not just spreadsheets and financial news.
What Actually Moves the Price?
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Scarcity: Only 21 million Bitcoins will ever exist. When more people want in, the price jumps.
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Big News: Announcements, rumors, and meme-worthy moments can send the price flying.
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FOMO: When people see Bitcoin rising, they rush to buy, pushing it even higher.
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Liquidations: When traders betting against Bitcoin get squeezed, it triggers a chain reaction of buying.
But letâs be honest: none of this is as fun as poking Bitcoin with a stick.
The Magical Stick: Not Your Average Twig
Why Not Every Stick Works
You canât just grab any old branch and expect Bitcoin to dance. The magical stick is a rare artifact, forged in the fires of internet memes and blessed by the spirit of Satoshi. Only a chosen few possess it-and when they poke, the market listens.
Signs You Have the Magical Stick
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When you poke, Bitcoinâs price immediately jumps a few percent.
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Your stick glows with meme energy and possibly sparkles with digital dust.
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You have a knack for timing your poke right after a big event, like a halving or a celebrity tweet.
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Your stick is rumored to have been whittled from the original blockchain itself.
Why Most Sticks Fail
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No Meme Power: If your stick isnât funny, Bitcoin ignores you.
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Bad Timing: Poking during a bear market just annoys the blockchain.
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Not Enough Hype: If the bitcoin community isnât watching, your poke is just a poke.
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Lack of Magic: Some sticks are just sticks. Sad, but true.
The Data: When the Stick Strikes
Letâs look at some numbers:
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In the last month, Bitcoinâs price jumped over 20% right after a flurry of memes and stick-poking jokes.
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Over the past year, every major price surge was accompanied by a wave of internet hype, stick memes, or wild speculation.
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In the past five years, Bitcoinâs biggest leaps always seemed to follow some kind of magical event-whether a halving, a viral tweet, or a mysterious poke.
Coincidence? Maybe. But the pattern is clear: the stick works-at least when itâs magical.
The Role of Memes, Magic, and Mayhem
Bitcoinâs price is like a cat: unpredictable, easily startled, and sometimes it just wants to be left alone. But when the right meme pops up, or the right stick pokes at just the right time, the price can leap in ways that defy logic.
The bitcoin community knows this. Thatâs why, when Bitcoinâs stuck in a rut, youâll see a flood of stick memes, GIFs, and magical thinking. Sometimes, it actually works.
The Secretâs in the Stick (and the Laughs)
So, does poking Bitcoin with a stick really make the price go up? If your stick is magical-blessed by memes, timed perfectly, and watched by millions-absolutely. The statistics show that hype, humor, and a little bit of luck can move markets as much as any financial report.
Next time you see Bitcoin stalling, donât just sit there. Grab your stick, channel your inner meme wizard, and give it a poke. Who knows? You might just be the next legend in the world of bitcoin magic.
And if your stick doesnât work, donât worry. Sometimes, the real magic is in the laughter along the way.
-aco
@block height: 897,104
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@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d
2025-05-24 11:01:40Singapore, May 14, 2025 â NEUTRON, the leading Lightning Network infrastructure provider in Asia, is announcing a new partnership with Cobo, a globally trusted digital asset custody platform.
Through this collaboration, Cobo will integrate Neutronâs Lightning Network API, enabling real-time, cost-effective Bitcoin transactions across its services.
Neutronâs mission is to make the Lightning Network the financial backbone for modern Bitcoin use, bridging traditional finance with Bitcoinâs borderless, decentralized economy.
âWeâre thrilled to partner with Cobo, a trusted leader in custodial services, to further accelerate Bitcoin infrastructure across Asia,â said Albert Buu, CEO of Neutron.Â
âAt Neutron, we are committed to providing enterprise businesses with easy and efficient integration into the Lightning Network, enabling next-generation global real-time settlement solutions.
âThis partnership will not only drive innovation but also empower businesses across Asia with the fast, secure, and cost-effective benefits of Bitcoin payments.â
Neutron: The Lightning Engine for Bitcoin Adoption
Neutron provides a comprehensive API suite that allows businesses to instantly access the power of the Lightning Network, Bitcoinâs second-layer protocol designed for high-speed, scalable, and low-fee payments.
The integration is part of Neutronâs broader vision to equip forward-thinking institutions with the tools needed to participate in the next generation of Bitcoin utility.
Lightning-Powered Custody for the Next Era of Finance
Coboâs integration of Neutronâs API gives institutional clients an additional option for BTC settlement, making Lightning Network access more programmable and easier to integrate within their existing systems.
âAt Cobo, weâve built our custody platform to combine uncompromising security with the scalability institutions need to grow,â said Dr. Changhao Jiang, CTO and Co-Founder of Cobo.
âIntegrating Neutronâs Lightning Network API allows us to offer real-time, low-cost Bitcoin settlement at scale without compromising on trust or performance. Together, weâre laying the groundwork for faster, more efficient Bitcoin infrastructure across Asia.â
About Neutron
Neutron is Asiaâs leading Bitcoin infrastructure company, helping businesses and individuals unlock the power of the Lightning Network, specializing in Lightning-as-a-Service.
nThrough its scalable API platform, mobile app, and lending product, Neutron empowers businesses and individuals to send, receive, save, and build with Bitcoin.
Want to bring Lightning into your product or platform? Reach out to our team at sales@neutron.me or visit us at www.neutron.meAbout Cobo
Cobo is a trusted leader in digital asset custody and wallet infrastructure, providing an all-in-one platform for organizations and developers to easily build, automate, and scale their digital asset businesses securely.
Founded in 2017 by blockchain pioneers and headquartered in Singapore, Cobo is trusted by more than 500 leading digital asset businesses globally, safeguarding billions of dollars in assets.
Today, Cobo offers the industryâs only unified wallet platform that integrates all four digital asset wallet technologies â Custodial Wallets, MPC Wallets, Smart Contract Wallets, and Exchange Wallets.
Committed to the highest security standards and regulatory compliance, Cobo has a zero-incident track record and holds ISO 27001, SOC2 (Type 1 and Type 2) certifications, as well as licenses in multiple jurisdictions.
Recognized for its industry-leading innovations, Cobo has received accolades from prestigious entities such as Hedgeweek and Global Custodian. For more information, please visit www.cobo.com
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@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43
2025-05-09 23:10:14I. Historical Foundations of U.S. Monetary Architecture
The early monetary system of the United States was built atop inherited commodity money conventions from Europeâs maritime economies. Silver and gold coinsâprimarily Spanish pieces of eight, Dutch guilders, and other foreign specieâformed the basis of colonial commerce. These units were already integrated into international trade and piracy networks and functioned with natural compatibility across England, France, Spain, and Denmark. Lacking a centralized mint or formal currency, the U.S. adopted these forms de facto.
As security risks and the practical constraints of physical coinage mounted, banks emerged to warehouse specie and issue redeemable certificates. These certificates evolved into fiduciary mediaâclaims on specie not actually in hand. Banks observed over time that substantial portions of reserves remained unclaimed for years. This enabled fractional reserve banking: issuing more claims than reserves held, so long as redemption demand stayed low. The practice was inherently unstable, prone to panics and bank runs, prompting eventual centralization through the formation of the Federal Reserve in 1913.
Following the Civil War and unstable reinstatements of gold convertibility, the U.S. sought global monetary stability. After World War II, the Bretton Woods system formalized the U.S. dollar as the global reserve currency. The dollar was nominally backed by gold, but most international dollars were held offshore and recycled into U.S. Treasuries. The Nixon Shock of 1971 eliminated the gold peg, converting the dollar into pure fiat. Yet offshore dollar demand remained, sustained by oil trade mandates and the unique role of Treasuries as global reserve assets.
II. The Structure of Fiduciary Media and Treasury Demand
Under this system, foreign trade surpluses with the U.S. generate excess dollars. These surplus dollars are parked in U.S. Treasuries, thereby recycling trade imbalances into U.S. fiscal liquidity. While technically loans to the U.S. government, these purchases act like interest-only transfersâgovernments receive yield, and the U.S. receives spendable liquidity without principal repayment due in the short term. Debt is perpetually rolled over, rarely extinguished.
This creates an illusion of global subsidy: U.S. deficits are financed via foreign capital inflows that, in practice, function more like financial tribute systems than conventional debt markets. The underlying assetâU.S. Treasury debtâfunctions as the base reserve asset of the dollar system, replacing gold in post-Bretton Woods monetary logic.
III. Emergence of Tether and the Parastatal Dollar
Tether (USDT), as a private issuer of dollar-denominated tokens, mimics key central bank behaviors while operating outside the regulatory perimeter. It mints tokens allegedly backed 1:1 by U.S. dollars or dollar-denominated securities (mostly Treasuries). These tokens circulate globally, often in jurisdictions with limited banking access, and increasingly serve as synthetic dollar substitutes.
If USDT gains dominance as the preferred medium of exchangeâdue to technological advantages, speed, programmability, or accessâit displaces Federal Reserve Notes (FRNs) not through devaluation, but through functional obsolescence. Greshamâs Law inverts: good money (more liquid, programmable, globally transferable USDT) displaces bad (FRNs) even if both maintain a nominal 1:1 parity.
Over time, this preference translates to a systemic demand shift. Actors increasingly use Tether instead of FRNs, especially in global commerce, digital marketplaces, or decentralized finance. Tether tokens effectively become shadow base money.
IV. Interaction with Commercial Banking and Redemption Mechanics
Under traditional fractional reserve systems, commercial banks issue loans denominated in U.S. dollars, expanding the money supply. When borrowers repay loans, this destroys the created dollars and contracts monetary elasticity. If borrowers repay in USDT instead of FRNs:
- Banks receive a non-Fed liability (USDT).
- USDT is not recognized as reserve-eligible within the Federal Reserve System.
- Banks must either redeem USDT for FRNs, or demand par-value conversion from Tether to settle reserve requirements and balance their books.
This places redemption pressure on Tether and threatens its 1:1 peg under stress. If redemption latency, friction, or cost arises, USDTâs equivalence to FRNs is compromised. Conversely, if banks are permitted or compelled to hold USDT as reserve or regulatory capital, Tether becomes a de facto reserve issuer.
In this scenario, banks may begin demanding loans in USDT, mirroring borrower behavior. For this to occur sustainably, banks must secure Tether liquidity. This creates two options: - Purchase USDT from Tether or on the secondary market, collateralized by existing fiat. - Borrow USDT directly from Tether, using bank-issued debt as collateral.
The latter mirrors Federal Reserve discount window operations. Tether becomes a lender of first resort, providing monetary elasticity to the banking system by creating new tokens against promissory assetsâexactly how central banks function.
V. Structural Consequences: Parallel Central Banking
If Tether begins lending to commercial banks, issuing tokens backed by bank notes or collateralized debt obligations: - Tether controls the expansion of broad money through credit issuance. - Its balance sheet mimics a central bank, with Treasuries and bank debt as assets and tokens as liabilities. - It intermediates between sovereign debt and global liquidity demand, replacing the Federal Reserveâs open market operations with its own issuance-redemption cycles.
Simultaneously, if Tether purchases U.S. Treasuries with FRNs received through token issuance, it: - Supplies the Treasury with new liquidity (via bond purchases). - Collects yield on government debt. - Issues a parallel form of U.S. dollars that never require redemptionâan interest-only loan to the U.S. government from a non-sovereign entity.
In this context, Tether performs monetary functions of both a central bank and a sovereign wealth fund, without political accountability or regulatory transparency.
VI. Endgame: Institutional Inversion and Fed Redundancy
This paradigm represents an institutional inversion:
- The Federal Reserve becomes a legacy issuer.
- Tether becomes the operational base money provider in both retail and interbank contexts.
- Treasuries remain the foundational reserve asset, but access to them is mediated by a private intermediary.
- The dollar persists, but its issuer changes. The State becomes a fiscal agent of a decentralized financial ecosystem, not its monetary sovereign.
Unless the Federal Reserve reasserts controlâeither by absorbing Tether, outlawing its instruments, or integrating its tokens into the reserve frameworkâit risks becoming irrelevant in the daily function of money.
Tether, in this configuration, is no longer a derivative of the dollarâit is the dollar, just one level removed from sovereign control. The future of monetary sovereignty under such a regime is post-national and platform-mediated.
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@ 8bad92c3:ca714aa5
2025-05-24 11:01:08Marty's Bent
It's been a hell of a week in Austin, Texas. The Texas Energy & Mining Summit was held at Bitcoin Park Austin on Tuesday and yesterday. Around 200 people from across the energy sector and the mining sector convened to discuss the current state of bitcoin mining, how it integrates with energy systems, and where things are going in the near to medium term. Representatives from ERCOT, Halliburton, and some of the largest mining companies in the world were in attendence. Across town, Bitcoin++ is holding their conference on mempools, which is fitting considering there is currently an ongoing debate about mempool policy and whether or not Bitcoin Core should eliminate the data limit on OP_RETURN.
I've had the pleasure of participating in both events. At the Texas Energy & Mining Summit I opened up the two-day event with the opening panel on why Texas is perfectly suited not only for bitcoin mining but for the bitcoin industry in general. Texas is a state that highly values private property rights, low taxes, and free market competition. It's become clear to me over the four years that I've lived in Texas that it is an incredible place to start a bitcoin business. The energy down here (pun intended) is palpable.
I also hosted the ending panel with Nick Gates from Priority Power, Will Cole from Zaprite and Jay Beddict from Foundry about what we have to look forward to through the rest of the year. I think the consensus was pretty clear on the panel, there's never been a more bullish setup for bitcoin historically. The political support we're getting here in the United States, the institutional adoption that we're seeing, and the fervor around protocol level development are all pointing in the right direction. Even though the discussions around protocol development can be contentious at times, it's a signal that people really care about this open source monetary protocol that we're all building on. We all agreed that Bitcoin has never been more de-risked than it is today. That is not to say that there aren't any risk.
We also discussed the problem with mining pool centralization and the FPPS payout scheme and why people need to be paying attention to it. But I think overall, things are looking pretty good right now.
Yesterday I also had the pleasure of running the live desk at Bitcoin++ speaking with many of the developers building out the protocol layer and layers above bitcoin. It's always extremely humbling to sit down and speak with the developers because they are so damn smart. Brilliant people who really care deeply about bitcoin. Even though many of them have very different views about the state of bitcoin and how to build it out moving forward. I view my role on the live desk is simply to try to get everybody's perspective. Not only on the OP_RETURN discussion, but on the future of bitcoin and how the protocol progresses from a technical perspective.
I had many conversations. The first with Average Gary and VNPRC, who are working on hashpools, which are attempting to solve the mining pool centralization and privacy problems that exists by using ecash. Hashpool gives miners the ability to exchange hash shares for ehash tokens. that are immediately liquid and exchangeable for bitcoin over the lightning network. Solving the consistent payout and liquidity problem that miners are always trying to solve. Currently FPPS payout schemes are the way they solve these problems. I'm incredibly optimistic about the hashpools project.
I also had the pleasure of speaking with SuperTestNet and Dusty Daemon, who are both focused on making bitcoin more inherently private at the protocol layer and on the lightning network. I think Dusty's work on splicing is very underappreciated right now and is something that you should all look into. Dusty also explained an idea he has that would make CoinJoin coordination much easier by creating a standardized coordination protocol. I'm going to butcher the explanation here, But I think the general idea is to create a way for people to combine inputs by monitoring the lightning network and looking for individual actors who are looking to rebalance channels and opportunistically set up a collaborative transaction with them. This is something I think everyone should look into and champion because I think it would be incredibly beneficial to on-chain privacy. As Bitcoin scales and gets adopted by millions and billions of people over the next few decades.
I also had the pleasure of speaking with Andrew Poelstra and Boerst about cryptography and block templates. For those of you who are unaware, Andrew Poelstra the Head of Research at Blockstream and on the cutting edge of the cryptography that bitcoin uses and may implement in the future. We had a wide ranging discussion about OP_RETURN, FROST, Musig2, Miniscript, quantum. resistant cryptographic libraries, and how Bitcoin Core actually works as a development project.
I also spoke with Liam Egan from Alpen Labs. He's working on ZK rollups on Bitcoin. Admittedly, this is an area I haven't explored too deeply, so it was awesome to sit down with Liam and get his perspective. Alpen Labs is leveraging BitVM to enable their rollups.
I highly recommend if and when you get the time to check out the YouTube stream of the Live Desk. A lot of very deep, technical conversations, but if you're really interested to learn how bitcoin actually works and some of the ideas that are out there to make it better, this is an incredible piece of content to watch. I'm about to head over for day two of Bitcoin++ to run the Live Desk again. So if you get this email before we go live make sure you subscribe to the YouTube channel and tune in for the day.
One thing I will say. Last night, there was a debate about OP_RETURN and I think it's important to note that despite how vitriolic people may get on Twitter, it's always interesting to see people with diametrically opposed views get together and have civil debates. It's obvious that everyone involved cares deeply about bitcoin. Having these tough conversations in person is very important. Particularly, civil conversations. I certainly think yesterday's debate was civil. Though, I will say I think that as bitcoiners, we should hold ourselves to a higher standard of decorum when debates like this are had.
Tyler Campbell from Unchained mentioned that it is insane that there was such a small group of people attending this particular debate about the future of a two trillion dollar protocol. Bitcoin is approaching $100,000 again as I type and no one in big tech, no one in big finance outside of people looking for bitcoin treasury plays is really paying attention to what's happening at the protocol level. This is simply funny to observe and probably a good thing in the long run. But, Meta, Stripe, Apple, Visa, Mastercard and the Teslas of the world are all asleep at the wheel as we build out the future of money.
The $1 Trillion Basis Trade Time Bomb
The massive basis trade currently looming over financial markets represents a systemic risk that dwarfs previous crises. As James Lavish warned during our conversation, approximately $1 trillion in leveraged positions exist within this trade - ten times larger than those held by Long-Term Capital Management before its 1998 collapse. These trades employ staggering leverage ratios between 20x to 100x just to make minuscule basis point differences profitable. The Brookings Institution, which Lavish describes as a "tacit research arm of the Fed," has published a paper explicitly warning about this trade's dangers.
"The Brookings Institution came out with a solution... instead of printing money this time, the Fed will just take the whole trade off of the hedge funds books. Absolutely, utterly maniacal. The thought of the Fed becoming a hedge fund... it's nuts." - James Lavish
What makes this situation particularly alarming is how an unwind could trigger cascading margin calls throughout interconnected financial markets. As Lavish explained, when positions begin unwinding, prices move dramatically, triggering more margin calls that force more selling. This "powder keg behind the scenes" is being closely monitored by sophisticated investors who understand its destructive potential. Unlike a controlled demolition, this unwinding could quickly become chaotic, potentially forcing unprecedented Fed intervention.
Check out the full podcast here for more on Bitcoin's role as the neutral reserve asset, nation-state mining strategies, and the repeal of SAB 121's impact on banking adoption.
Headlines of the Day
Panama City Signs Deal for Bitcoin Municipal Payments - via X
U.S. Economy Polls Show Falling Confidence in Trump Leadership - via CNBC
Jack Mallers's Bitcoin Bank Targets $500 Trillion Market - via X
Bitcoin Decouples From Markets With 10% Gain Amid Asset Slump - via X
Looking for the perfect video _to push the smartest person you know from zero to one on bitcoin? Bitcoin, Not Crypto is a three-part master class from Parker Lewis and Dhruv Bansal that cuts through the noiseâcovering why 2
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@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43
2025-05-06 14:05:40If you're an engineer stepping into the Bitcoin space from the broader crypto ecosystem, you're probably carrying a mental model shaped by speed, flexibility, and rapid innovation. That makes senseâmost blockchain platforms pride themselves on throughput, programmability, and dev agility.
But Bitcoin operates from a different set of first principles. Itâs not competing to be the fastest network or the most expressive smart contract platform. Itâs aiming to be the most credible, neutral, and globally accessible value layer in human history.
Hereâs why that mattersâand why Bitcoin is not just an alternative crypto asset, but a structural necessity in the global financial system.
1. Bitcoin Fixes the Triffin DilemmaâNot With Policy, But Protocol
The Triffin Dilemma shows us that any country issuing the global reserve currency must run persistent deficits to supply that currency to the world. Thatâs not a flaw of bad leadershipâitâs an inherent contradiction. The U.S. must debase its own monetary integrity to meet global dollar demand. Thatâs a self-terminating system.
Bitcoin sidesteps this entirely by being:
- Non-sovereign â no single nation owns it
- Hard-capped â no central authority can inflate it
- Verifiable and neutral â anyone with a full node can enforce the rules
In other words, Bitcoin turns global liquidity into an engineering problem, not a political one. No other system, fiat or crypto, has achieved that.
2. Bitcoinâs âOssificationâ Is Intentionalâand It's a Feature
From the outside, Bitcoin development may look sluggish. Features are slow to roll out. Code changes are conservative. Consensus rules are treated as sacred.
Thatâs the point.
When youâre building the global monetary base layer, stability is not a weakness. Itâs a prerequisite. Every other financial instrument, app, or protocol that builds on Bitcoin depends on one thing: assurance that the base layer wonât change underneath them without extreme scrutiny.
So-called âossificationâ is just another term for predictability and integrity. And when the market does demand change (SegWit, Taproot), Bitcoinâs soft-fork governance process has proven capable of deploying it safelyâwithout coercive central control.
3. Layered Architecture: Throughput Is Not a Base Layer Concern
You donât scale settlement at the base layer. You build layered systems. Just as TCP/IP doesn't need to carry YouTube traffic directly, Bitcoin doesnât need to process every microtransaction.
Instead, it anchors:
- Lightning (fast payments)
- Fedimint (community custody)
- Ark (privacy + UTXO compression)
- Statechains, sidechains, and covenants (coming evolution)
All of these inherit Bitcoinâs security and scarcity, while handling volume off-chain, in ways that maintain auditability and self-custody.
4. Universal Assayability Requires Minimalism at the Base Layer
A core design constraint of Bitcoin is that any participant, anywhere in the world, must be able to independently verify the validity of every transaction and blockâpast and presentâwithout needing permission or relying on third parties.
This property is called assayabilityâthe ability to âtestâ or verify the authenticity and integrity of received bitcoin, much like verifying the weight and purity of a gold coin.
To preserve this:
- The base layer must remain resource-light, so running a full node stays accessible on commodity hardware.
- Block sizes must remain small enough to prevent centralization of verification.
- Historical data must remain consistent and tamper-evident, enabling proof chains across time and jurisdiction.
Any base layer that scales by increasing throughput or complexity undermines this fundamental guarantee, making the network more dependent on trust and surveillance infrastructure.
Bitcoin prioritizes global verifiability over throughputâbecause trustless money requires that every user can check the money they receive.
5. Governance: Not Captured, Just Resistant to Coercion
The current controversy around
OP_RETURN
and proposals to limit inscriptions is instructive. Some prominent devs have advocated for changes to block content filtering. Others see it as overreach.Here's what matters:
- No single dev, or team, can force changes into the network. Period.
- Bitcoin Core is not âthe source of truth.â Itâs one implementation. If it deviates from market consensus, it gets forked, sidelined, or replaced.
- The economic majorityâminers, users, businessesâenforce Bitcoinâs rules, not GitHub maintainers.
In fact, recent community resistance to perceived Core overreach only reinforces Bitcoinâs resilience. Engineers who posture with narcissistic certainty, dismiss dissent, or attempt to capture influence are routinely neutralized by the marketâs refusal to upgrade or adopt forks that undermine neutrality or openness.
This is governance via credible neutrality and negative feedback loops. Power doesnât accumulate in one place. Itâs constantly checked by the networkâs distributed incentives.
6. Bitcoin Is Still in Its InfancyâAnd Thatâs a Good Thing
Youâre not too late. The ecosystem around Bitcoinâespecially L2 protocols, privacy tools, custody innovation, and zero-knowledge integrationsâis just beginning.
If you're an engineer looking for:
- Systems with global scale constraints
- Architectures that optimize for integrity, not speed
- Consensus mechanisms that resist coercion
- A base layer with predictable monetary policy
Then Bitcoin is where serious systems engineers go when theyâve outgrown crypto theater.
Take-away
Under realistic, market-aware assumptionsâwhere:
- Bitcoinâs ossification is seen as a stability feature, not inertia,
- Market forces can and do demand and implement change via tested, non-coercive mechanisms,
- Proof-of-work is recognized as the only consensus mechanism resistant to fiat capture,
- Wealth concentration is understood as a temporary distribution effect during early monetization,
- Low base layer throughput is a deliberate design constraint to preserve verifiability and neutrality,
- And innovation is layered by design, with the base chain providing integrity, not complexity...
Then Bitcoin is not a fragile or inflexible systemâit is a deliberately minimal, modular, and resilient protocol.
Its governance is not leaderless chaos; it's a negative-feedback structure that minimizes the power of individuals or institutions to coerce change. The very fact that proposalsâlike controversial OP_RETURN restrictionsâcan be resisted, forked around, or ignored by the market without breaking the system is proof of decentralized control, not dysfunction.
Bitcoin is an adversarially robust monetary foundation. Its value lies not in how fast it changes, but in how reliably it doesn'tâunless change is forced by real, bottom-up demand and implemented through consensus-tested soft forks.
In this framing, Bitcoin isn't a slower crypto. It's the engineering benchmark for systems that must endure, not entertain.
Final Word
Bitcoin isnât moving slowly because itâs dying. Itâs moving carefully because itâs winning. Itâs not an app platform or a sandbox. Itâs a protocol layer for the future of money.
If you're here because you want to help build that future, youâre in the right place.
nostr:nevent1qqswr7sla434duatjp4m89grvs3zanxug05pzj04asxmv4rngvyv04sppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qgs9tc6ruevfqu7nzt72kvq8te95dqfkndj5t8hlx6n79lj03q9v6xcrqsqqqqqp0n8wc2
nostr:nevent1qqsd5hfkqgskpjjq5zlfyyv9nmmela5q67tgu9640v7r8t828u73rdqpr4mhxue69uhkymmnw3ezucnfw33k76tww3ux76m09e3k7mf0qgsvr6dt8ft292mv5jlt7382vje0mfq2ccc3azrt4p45v5sknj6kkscrqsqqqqqp02vjk5
nostr:nevent1qqstrszamvffh72wr20euhrwa0fhzd3hhpedm30ys4ct8dpelwz3nuqpr4mhxue69uhkymmnw3ezucnfw33k76tww3ux76m09e3k7mf0qgs8a474cw4lqmapcq8hr7res4nknar2ey34fsffk0k42cjsdyn7yqqrqsqqqqqpnn3znl
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@ 3c506452:fef9202b
2025-05-24 10:55:21Kia ora ra!
I thought I'd look into the claim made by Tim Ferriss and see if these sentence patterns are able to give a brief overview of te reo and it's structure.
I initially struggled to stick with a single sentence as it didn't accurately reflect how the reo is actually spoken so I have included what I feel are the most "normal" sounding structures that one will probably encounter.
Here is the full list:
1. The apple is red.
E whero te tae o te aporo / E whero te aporo.\ He whero te tae o te aporo / He whero te aporo.\ Ko te aporo e whero nei te tae / Ko te aporo e whero nei tona tae.\ E whero ana te tae o te aporo.\ He aporo whero / Ko te aporo whero.
2. It is John's apple.
Ma John te aporo / Na John te aporo.\ He aporo ma John / He aporo na John.\ Ko te aporo a John / Ko ta John aporo.
3. I give John the apple.
Mahaku te aporo e hoatu ma John.\ E hoatu ana te aporo ki a John.\ Ko te aporo e hoatu nei e au ki a John.\ E hoatu ana mahana.
4. We give him the apple.
Ma ma[ua/tou] te aporo e hoatu ma John.\ E hoatu ana te aporo ki a John.\ Ko te aporo e hoatu nei e ma[ua/tou] ki a John.\ E hoatu ana mahana.
5. He gives it to John.
Mahana e hoatu ma John / Nahana i hoatu ma John.\ E hoatu ana ki a John.\ E hoatu ana mahana.
6. She gives it to him.
Mahana e hoatu mahana / Nahana i hoatu mahana.\ Mahana e hoatu / Nahana i hoatu.\ E hoatu ana ki a ia.\ E hoatu ana mahana.
7. Is the apple red?
E whero te tae o te aporo? / E whero te aporo?\ He whero te tae o te aporo?/ He whero te aporo?\ Ko te aporo e whero nei te tae? / Ko te aporo e whero nei tona tae?\ E whero ana te tae o te aporo?\ He aporo whero? / Ko te aporo whero?
8. The apples are red.
E whero te tae o nga aporo / E whero nga aporo.\ He whero te tae o nga aporo / He whero nga aporo.\ Ko nga aporo e whero nei te tae / Ko nga aporo e whero nei ona tae.\ E whero ana te tae o nga aporo.\ He aporo whero / Ko nga aporo whero.
9. I must give it to him.
Hoatu e au te mea ki a ia.\ Hoatu e au mahana.\ Mahaku e hoatu mahana.\ Me hoatu ki a ia.\ E hoatu ai mahana.
10. I want to give it to her.
Mahaku noa e hoatu.\ Waiho mahaku e hoatu.
- I'm going to know tomorrow. Apopo ka mohio ai / Aoake te ra ka mohio ai.\ Ka mohio au apopo / Ka mohio au a aoake te ra.
12. I can't eat the apple.
Ehara i te mea mahaku te aporo te kai.
13. I have eaten the apple.
Kua kai ke au i te aporo.\ Kua pau te aporo te kai i au.\ Nahaku te aporo i kai.\ Ko te aporo nahaku nei i kai ai.\ He mea kai e au te aporo.
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@ 1d7ff02a:d042b5be
2025-05-24 10:15:40ŕşŕşťŕşŕşŞŕťŕş§ŕşŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕşŕşĄŕşąŕşŕşŕş°ŕşĄŕşŕşŕťŕşŤŕşąŕş Bitcoin ŕťŕşŕşąŕşŕşŞŕş´ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕşĄŕşľŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŞŕťŕş˝ŕşŕşŞŕşšŕş ŕťŕşŕşˇŕťŕşŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşĄŕşľŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕťŕş˝ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşľŕťŕşŽŕş¸ŕşŕťŕşŽŕşŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕşŕş§ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŕťŕşĽŕşŕş°ŕşŞŕşąŕťŕşŕť. ŕťŕşŕťŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşĽŕťŕş§ ŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş§ŕşŕşŕşŕş Bitcoin ŕťŕşĄŕťŕşŕşŕş¸ŕşŕşĽŕşąŕşŕşŞŕş°ŕşŕş°ŕşŕş´ŕťŕşŞŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕşŞŕşłŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşĄŕşąŕş ŕşŕťŕťŕťŕşĄŕťŕşŕşŕťŕťŕşŕşťŕşŕşŕťŕşŕş.
ຼາŕşŕş˛ŕťŕşĄŕťŕşŕşŤŕşŕşąŕş?
ŕťŕşŕşˇŕťŕşŕťŕşŕşťŕťŕş˛ŕťŕşŕťŕşĽŕşˇŕťŕşŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕşŕşľŕşŕşśŕťŕş ŕťŕşŽŕşťŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕťŕşŕşťŕťŕş˛ŕťŕşŕşŕťŕşŕşŕş§ŕťŕş˛ŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŕş´ŕşŕşŤŕşŕşąŕş. ຼາŕşŕş˛ŕťŕşĄŕťŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŞŕş°ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŤŕşąŕşŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş°ŕťŕşĄŕşľŕşŕşĄŕşšŕşŕşŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşšŕťŕşŕşˇŕťŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕşŕşšŕťŕşŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŕťŕş§ŕşĽŕş˛ŕťŕşŕťŕşśŕťŕş. ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŞŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşˇŕťŕşŤŕşźŕşˇŕşŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕťŕşŕťŕşśŕťŕş ŕşŕťŕťŕşĄŕťŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŞŕşˇŕťŕşŞŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕş ŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕşŕşťŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŕťŕşťŕşŕşŤŕş˛ŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕşŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşťŕşŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşľŕťŕťŕşŕťŕşŕş´ŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşŞŕş´ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşąŕťŕş.
ŕťŕşŕşąŕşŕşŤŕşŕşąŕş Bitcoin ŕşŕşśŕťŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş§ŕş?
Bitcoin ŕşŕşˇŕşŕşŞŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşśŕťŕşŕşŕşťŕşŕşŕşˇŕťŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŕşľŕťŕşŕşąŕş ŕťŕşŽŕşąŕşŕťŕşŤŕťŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŞŕşˇŕťŕşŞŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŤŕşąŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşšŕťŕşŕşťŕşŕşŞŕş˛ŕşĄŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŽŕşąŕşŕťŕşŕťŕş˘ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕťŕş§ŕş§ŕş˛. ŕşŕş´ŕťŕşŕťŕşŕşŕş§ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşąŕťŕş Bitcoin ລ຾ຼູŕşŕşŞŕş°ŕşŕş°ŕşŕş°ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŞŕşšŕş (decentralized) ŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕşŕťŕťŕşĄŕşľŕşŕşšŕťŕşŕş§ŕşŕşŕş¸ŕşĄŕşŞŕşšŕşŕşŕş˛ŕş ŕşŕşśŕťŕşŕťŕşŽŕşąŕşŕťŕşŤŕťŕşŕşťŕşŕşŞŕş˛ŕşĄŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŞŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşˇŕťŕşŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŕťŕş˘ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕťŕş§ŕş§ŕş˛.
ສິŕťŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕťŕşŽŕşąŕşŕťŕşŤŕťŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş Bitcoin ສາລາŕşŕşŞŕş°ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŤŕşąŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşťŕşŕťŕşŕťŕťŕşŕşŕťŕş§ŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş´ŕş (real-time). ŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕťŕşŕşˇŕťŕşŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşĄŕş°ŕşŕş¸ŕşŕťŕşŽŕşťŕş˛ŕşĄŕşľŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕş´ŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕşŕťŕťŕťŕşŕťŕşŕşŕş ລ຾ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕťŕş˝ŕşŕťŕşŕş ຼາŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş Bitcoin ŕşŕşśŕťŕşŕşŕťŕş˝ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕťŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŤŕşąŕşŕşĽŕş§ŕşĄŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşšŕťŕşŕşťŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşľ.
ŕşŕşąŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕťŕşŕşľŕťŕşĄŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş§ŕş:
ŕşŕş°ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕťŕşŕş: ŕťŕşĄŕşˇŕťŕşŕşŕş˝ŕşŕşŕş˝ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşŕşąŕťŕşŕťŕşŕşľŕşĄ ŕşŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕş Bitcoin ŕşŕşąŕşŕşĄŕşľŕşŕş°ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşŕťŕşŕş ŕťŕşŽŕşąŕşŕťŕşŤŕťŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşˇŕťŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşłŕşŕş§ŕşŕťŕşŤŕşŕťŕşŞŕş˛ŕşĄŕş˛ŕşŕşŞŕşťŕťŕşŕşŕşťŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŕşťŕşŕşŕťŕťŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕťŕşŕťŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕş.
ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕťŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕşŕş 24/7: ŕşŕťŕťŕťŕşŤŕşĄŕşˇŕşŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕşŕşŤŕşźŕşąŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕşĄŕşľŕťŕş§ŕşĽŕş˛ŕťŕşŕşľŕşŕşŕş´ŕş Bitcoin ສາລາŕşŕşŕşˇŕťŕşŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŕťŕşŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕşŕşŕťŕş§ŕşĽŕş˛ ŕťŕşŽŕşąŕşŕťŕşŤŕťŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕťŕş˝ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕşŞŕş˛ŕşĄŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŕşľŕşŕşŕşśŕťŕşŕťŕşŕťŕşŕş¸ŕşŕťŕş§ŕşĽŕş˛.
ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş˝ŕşŕşŕş˝ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŞŕş´ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşˇŕťŕş
ŕťŕşĄŕşˇŕťŕşŕşŕş˝ŕşŕşŕş˝ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŞŕş´ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşˇŕťŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕşĄŕşľŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş§ŕşŕşŕş¸ŕşĄ ŕťŕşŕşąŕťŕş ສະŕşŕş¸ŕşŕťŕşŕş´ŕşŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşŕş´ŕťŕşŕşŤŕşźŕşˇŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşł ŕşŕşľŕťŕťŕşŕş´ŕťŕşŕşŕşˇŕş§ŕťŕş˛ŕşĄŕşľŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş§ŕşŕťŕťŕşŕşŕşŕş§ŕťŕş˛ Bitcoin ŕşŕşąŕťŕş ŕşŕťŕťŕťŕşĄŕťŕşŕşŤŕşĄŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕş§ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕş§ŕşŕşĄŕşąŕşŕşŕťŕťŕşĄŕşľŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş§ŕş. ŕťŕşŕťŕťŕşŕşąŕşŕťŕşŕş˛ŕş°ŕşĄŕşľŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş§ŕşŕşŕş¸ŕşĄŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşťŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŞŕşšŕşŕşŕş˛ŕş ŕťŕşŽŕşąŕşŕťŕşŤŕťŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŞŕşˇŕťŕşŞŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŤŕşąŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşťŕşŕťŕşŕşŽŕşŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕşŕşŕťŕťŕťŕşŕşŕťŕş§ŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş´ŕş.
ŕşŕşąŕťŕşŕşŕşąŕťŕş ສິŕťŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕťŕşŽŕşťŕş˛ŕťŕşŤŕşąŕşŕťŕşĄŕťŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕťŕş˛ (delay) ŕťŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŞŕş°ŕťŕşŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŤŕşąŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕťŕşŕťŕşŕş´ŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşĄŕş˛ŕťŕşŕşťŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşąŕťŕş ŕşŕťŕťŕťŕşĄŕťŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕťŕşąŕťŕşŕşŕşťŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşĄŕşšŕşŕşŕťŕş˛.
ŕşŕşťŕşŕťŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş§ŕşŕşŕş¸ŕşĄŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕşŕşťŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŕşťŕş:
ສະŕşŕş¸ŕşŕťŕşŕş´ŕş: ŕşŕş°ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŞŕş˛ŕşĄŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş´ŕşĄŕťŕşŕş´ŕş ŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşŕťŕşŕşľŕťŕş ŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕťŕşŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕş ŕťŕşŽŕşąŕşŕťŕşŤŕťŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕťŕťŕşŞŕş°ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşĄŕşšŕşŕşŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşľŕťŕťŕşŕťŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşľ.
ຍຟູŕşŕşŕşąŕş: ລ຾ຼະŕşŕş˝ŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕşŕş˘ŕťŕş˛ŕş ŕťŕşŕşąŕťŕş ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕş˘ŕş¸ŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşˇŕťŕşŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşĄŕşˇŕťŕşŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕťŕş˝ŕşŕťŕşŕşŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŕşľŕşŕťŕş (circuit breakers) ŕşŕşľŕťŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŞŕş°ŕťŕşŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŤŕşąŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕťŕşŕťŕşŕş´ŕş.
ŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşł: ŕşŕşśŕşŕťŕşĄŕťŕşŕşŕş°ŕťŕşŕşąŕşŕşŞŕş´ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕşŕťŕťŕşĄŕşľŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş§ŕşŕşŕş¸ŕşĄ ŕťŕşŕťŕşŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşŕşłŕşĄŕşľŕşŕş°ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕťŕşŤŕşŕťŕşŕş§ŕťŕş˛ Bitcoin ຍຟາຠŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕşĄŕşľŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕťŕş˛ŕťŕşŕşŕşŕşąŕťŕşŕťŕşŕşľŕşĄŕşŕşľŕťŕşŕťŕş˛ŕşŕş§ŕťŕş˛.
ŕşŕşťŕşŕşŞŕş°ŕşŤŕşźŕş¸ŕş
ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş˝ŕşŕşŕş˝ŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕş§ŕşŕşĽŕş°ŕşŤŕş§ŕťŕş˛ŕş Bitcoin ŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕşŞŕş´ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşˇŕťŕşŕť ŕťŕşŕşŕťŕşŕťŕťŕşĽŕşŕş°ŕťŕş§ŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŞŕşąŕťŕşŕşŕşąŕťŕş ŕşŕťŕťŕşĄŕşľŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŞŕşťŕşĄŕťŕşŤŕşŕşŞŕşťŕşĄŕşŕşťŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕťŕş ŕťŕşŕş˛ŕş°ŕş§ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşąŕşŕťŕşŕťŕşĽŕşˇŕťŕşŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕťŕş˛ŕťŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŞŕş°ŕťŕşŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşĄŕşŕş´ŕşŕťŕşŤŕşąŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕťŕşĄŕťŕşŕşŞŕş´ŕťŕşŕşŞŕşłŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕşŞŕşťŕťŕşŕşŕşťŕşŕşŕťŕťŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşľŕťŕťŕşŕťŕşŕş´ŕş.
ສິŕťŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕşŕş§ŕşŕťŕşŽŕşąŕşŕťŕşŕťŕťŕťŕşĄŕťŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşłŕťŕşŕşťŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşŕťŕş§ŕşĽŕş˛ŕşŕşľŕťŕşŕş§ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş§ŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş§ŕťŕş˛ŕşĄŕş˛ŕş§ŕş´ŕťŕşŕş˛ŕş° ŕťŕşŕşąŕťŕş ŕťŕşŕşąŕşŕşŕşľŕşŤŕşźŕşˇŕşŤŕşźŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşľ ŕťŕşĽŕťŕş§ŕşŕşśŕťŕşŕşŕş˝ŕşŕşŕş˝ŕş. ŕşŕťŕş§ŕşŕş§ŕş´ŕşŕşľŕşŕşľŕť ŕťŕşŽŕşťŕş˛ŕşŕşśŕťŕşŕşŕş°ŕťŕşŤŕşąŕşŕşŕş°ŕşŞŕş´ŕşŕşŕş´ŕşŕşťŕşŕťŕşĽŕş°ŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşłŕťŕşŕşľŕşŕşŕş˛ŕşŕşŕşľŕťŕťŕşŕťŕşŕş´ŕşŕşŕşŕş Bitcoin ŕťŕşŕťŕş˘ŕťŕş˛ŕşŕşŕş°ŕťŕşŕťŕş
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@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d
2025-05-24 10:01:37Bitcoin-focused investment firm Twenty One Capital has made headlines after buying 4,812 BTC worth $458.7 million, making it the third-largest corporate holder of the scarce digital asset.
The move is a big and public one towards becoming the âultimate Bitcoin investment vehicleâ according to its leadership, and is turning heads in both bitcoin and tradfi world.
Tether, the issuer of the worldâs largest stablecoin, bought the bitcoin on behalf of Twenty One Capital.
According to a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on May 13, Tether acquired the bitcoin on May 9 at an average price of $95,319 per coin.
Twenty One Capital was launched in April 2025 through a SPAC merger with Cantor Equity Partners, a Cayman Islands-based firm affiliated with Wall Street giant Cantor Fitzgerald. The company is backed by Tether, Bitfinex exchange and Japanese investment giant SoftBank.
Related: Cantor Fitzgerald, Tether and SoftBank Launch $3B Bitcoin Venture
The firm is led by Jack Mallers, founder of the bitcoin payments app Strike, who has been vocal about bitcoin business models.
âWe want to be the ultimate vehicle for the capital markets to participate in Bitcoin⌠building on top of Bitcoin,â said Mallers in an interview. âSo we are a Bitcoin business at our core.â
At launch, Twenty One Capital had 31,500 bitcoin on the balance sheet with plans to get to at least 42,000 BTC.
The breakdown of that initial allocation was 23,950 BTC from Tether, 10,500 BTC from SoftBank and about 7,000 BTC from Bitfinexâall to be converted into equity at $10 per share.
The company is openly modeling its strategy after what Bitcoiners call âSaylorizationââa term coined after Michael Saylor, executive chairman of Strategy, who started large-scale bitcoin accumulation by corporations in 2020.
âTwenty One Capital isnât just stacking sats,â said Bitcoin advocate Max Keiser, âItâs leading a generational shift in corporate capital allocation ⌠Jack Mallers is taking the Saylor playbook and turning it into an arms race.â
The strategy is simple: use bitcoin per share as a metric instead of earnings per share, prioritize bitcoin accumulation over short-term profits, and use the capital markets to fund purchases. Mallers said:
âWe do intend to raise as much capital as we possibly can to acquire bitcoin. We will never have bitcoin per share negative⌠Our intent is to make sure when you are a shareholder of Twenty One that you are getting wealthier in Bitcoin terms.â
The bitcoin purchase was made at a time of growing market momentum.
On May 14, bitcoin hit $105,000 briefly before settling at around $104,000âa 7.5% gain in the past week. Retail buying has also picked up, with purchases under $10,000 up 3.4% over two weeks, suggesting continued bullishness.
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@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8
2025-05-24 09:35:09âAaaach, was fĂźr ein herrlicher Tag!â
In Berlin geht man hochmotiviert an die Arbeit, in der tiefen Ăberzeugung stets die richtigen Entscheidungen zu treffen, die Steuern der Einzahler ausschlieĂlich fĂźr wohlĂźberlegte, notwendige Investitionen auszugeben und Entscheidungen zu treffen, die im dem Umfeld, in dem man sich bewegt, als hĂśchst sinnvoll erachtet werden. Zustimmung von allen Seiten, dann muss es ja richtig sein.
Man fährt im Dienstwagen ins Regierungsviertel, sieht die vielen geschäftigen Menschen, wie sie ebenfalls zur Arbeit eilen. Man freut sich darßber, dass alles so gut läuft, dank der ßberragenden Kompetenz, die man einbringen darf und die das alles ermÜglicht.
In Gedanken klopft man sich auf die Schulter und sagt sich im Stillen: âBist schon ein geiler Typ, der richtig was bewegen kann, bewegen kann.â
Man hat auch schon erkannt, dass die zunehmende Kriminalität, vorzugsweise mit einem unsachgemäà gebrauchten Messer, durch den schlechten Einfluss der sozialen Medien entstanden ist und schon entsprechende MaĂnahmen auf den Weg gebracht, um das durch geleitete MeinungsäuĂerungen, selbstverständlich zum Wohle aller, zu unterbinden. Man ist ja nicht umsonst in diese verantwortungsvolle Position gelangt. âEndlich am Ziel!â
âMesserattacken sind unschĂśn, unschĂśn, aber man muss auch berĂźcksichtigen, dass viele der Attentäter und Attentäterinnen in ihren Herkunftsländern Schlimmes erlebt haben und dadurch traumatisiert wurden. Den betroffenen Traumaopfern kann ja nichts Besseres passieren, als in eine deutsche Psychiatrie zu kommen, wo sie die allerbeste Therapie erfahren, um wieder glĂźckliche Menschen der Gesellschaft zu werden.
**Â **
Und jeder, der nicht die groĂe soziale Aufgabe erkennt, die wir uns gestellt haben und auch effizient umsetzen, muss es eben noch besser erklärt bekommen, erklärt bekommen. Daran mĂźssen wir noch arbeiten. (Muss ich mir notieren, damit ich meinem Sekretär die Anweisung erteile, das in die Wege zu leiten). Und jeder, der sich dagegen sträubt, zeigt damit eindeutig, dass er zum rechten Rand gehĂśrt. Was denen nur einfällt? Da mĂźssen klare Zeichen gesetzt werden, und das muss unter allen Umständen unterbunden werden, unterbunden werden.
**Â **
Sowas schadet der Demokratie, es delegitimiert sieâ.
Zum Schutz der braven BĂźrger arbeitet man auch fleiĂig daran, Deutschland, in neuem Selbstbewusstsein, zur stärksten Kraft in Europa zu machen. Mit der Stationierung von deutschen Soldaten an der Ostfront, pardon, an der Ostflanke, zeigt man dem bĂśsen, aggressiven Russen schon mal, was eine Harke ist. âUnd das ist ja erst der Anfang, der Anfang. Warte nur ab!â
âWas noch? Ach ja, die Wirtschaft. Solange die nicht auf die Barrikaden geht, das sehe ich derzeit nicht, scheint es ja noch keinen akuten Handlungsbedarf zu geben. Darum kĂźmmern wir uns später. Immerhin halten sich die Wirtschaftsprognosen in einem akzeptablen Rahmen und die Priorität (die kann auch nicht jeder richtig setzen) der Investitionen muss derzeit auf dem wichtigsten Bereich, der AufrĂźstung liegen, AufrĂźstung liegen. SchlieĂlich werden wir bald angegriffen.
**Â **
Ich darf nicht vergessen, meinen Sekretär zu beauftragen, meine Bestellung im Feinkostladen abholen zu lassen, sonst gibtâs Zuhause Ărger. Ach ja, und die AnzĂźge und die Wäsche muss auch noch aus der Reinigung abgeholt werden. Darf ich nicht vergessen, nicht vergessen.
**Â **
Wie viele Reinigungen gäbe es nicht, wenn wir Politiker nicht wären, nicht wären. Viele sichere Arbeitsplätze, gut so!
**Â **
Was, schon da? Das ging aber heute schnell. Kein Stau. Ja, der Chauffeur ist schon ein Guter, der weiĂ, wo man lang muss, um Baustellen zu umfahren. Allerdings muss ich ihm bei nächster Gelegenheit noch einmal deutlich sagen, dass er bitte die Sitzheizung frĂźher anzuschalten hat, anzuschalten hat! Dass der sich das immer noch nicht gemerkt hat, unmĂśglich!â
Wen wundert es, wenn in dieser Wonnewelt der Selbstßberschätzung von Unsererdemokratie gesprochen wird, so entrßckt vom Alltag, in einem Raumschiff, dass vÜllig losgelÜst von der Realität ßber allem schwebt.
âIch mĂźsste ja verrĂźckt sein, wenn ich an diesen Zuständen etwas ändern wollte. Warum auch, es läuft doch und mir geht es doch gut. Ich habe ein gutes Einkommen, kann mir allerhand leisten, Haus ist bezahlt, Frau ist gut untergebracht, Kinder sind versorgt, wie die Zeit vergeht. Und wenn ich mal ausscheide, erhalte ich weiter meine BezĂźge und muss nicht an mein VermĂśgen ran, man will ja auch den Kindern was hinterlassen. Schadet ja nicht, wenn ich mich etwas einschränke, und der eine oder andere Job wird schon an mich herangetragen werden, schlieĂlich habe ich ja erstklassige Kontakte, die dem einen oder anderen sicher etwas wert sein werden.
**Â **
Na, dann wollân wir mal wieder, wollân wir mal wieder!â
Dieser Artikel wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben
*Â *
(Bild von pixabay)
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@ 0e9491aa:ef2adadf
2025-05-24 09:01:14People forget Bear Stearns failed March 2008 - months of denial followed before the public realized how bad the situation was under the surface.
Similar happening now but much larger scale. They did not fix fundamental issues after 2008 - everything is more fragile.
The Fed preemptively bailed out every bank with their BTFP program and First Republic Bank still failed. The second largest bank failure in history.
There will be more failures. There will be more bailouts. Depositors will be "protected" by socializing losses across everyone.
Our President and mainstream financial pundits are currently pretending the banking crisis is over while most banks remain insolvent. There are going to be many more bank failures as this ponzi system unravels.
Unlike 2008, we have the ability to opt out of these broken and corrupt institutions by using bitcoin. Bitcoin held in self custody is unique in its lack of counterparty risk - you do not have to trust a bank or other centralized entity to hold it for you. Bitcoin is also incredibly difficult to change by design since it is not controlled by an individual, company, or government - the supply of dollars will inevitably be inflated to bailout these failing banks but bitcoin supply will remain unchanged. I do not need to convince you that bitcoin provides value - these next few years will convince millions.
If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.
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@ 6a6be47b:3e74e3e1
2025-05-24 08:21:35Hi, frens!
𼳠This is my first post over here, yaaay! Iâm very excited to start this journey. I have lots of posts on my website https://samhainsam.art/ , but I decided to give you a short introduction to me and my artwork. Shall we?
But first, howâs your weekend going? Already dreading Monday, or just enjoying the moment? I hope itâs the latter, but if not, thatâs okay too. Everything passes, and while that might not be the most comforting thought, knowing that it will eventually passâand, most importantly, that we get to decide how to respondâmakes a big difference. Either way, weâre all going to die, so take it as you wish! đ
Anyway, I wanted to share a little something. If youâve visited my shop on Ko-fi https://ko-fi.com/samhainsam/shop , you might have wondered why it seems a bit all over the place. Or maybe you havenât noticed or donât careâbut either way, I thought Iâd clarify.
đźď¸ Iâm a self-taught artist who loves everything related to religion, occultism, paganism, animals, and esotericismâand how all these themes intertwine in our lives. I paint and illustrate inspired by these ideas.
Most of my recent paintings come with a blog post explaining their background. Even before, I always researched the subjects I painted, but lately, Iâve been diving much deeper.
đ¨ My âWheel of the Yearâ series has completely fascinated me. Iâve been learning so many nuggets of wisdom, and discovering how Christianity borrowed or even erased many symbols and traditions to create new narratives. For example, Imbolc was rebranded as Candlemas, and my blog post about the Spanish Inquisition touches on some of these symbols and their impact on both past and present society.
đŚ I also have some paintings just about birdsâI'm a bit of a sucker for them! Shoebills and cassowaries are among my favorites, and I might end up painting them again soon. But you get the picture! If not, why not take a peek at my blog? https://samhainsam.art/blog/
đď¸ You can read something fun and interesting while enjoying my artwork.
Come on over, and letâs have some cool and healthy fun.
Enjoy your weekend, my friends!
Godspeed âĄ
https://stacker.news/items/988069
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@ eb0157af:77ab6c55
2025-05-24 18:01:14Vivek Ramaswamyâs company bets on distressed bitcoin claims as its Bitcoin treasury strategy moves forward.
Strive Enterprises, an asset management firm co-founded by Vivek Ramaswamy, is exploring the acquisition of distressed bitcoin claims, with particular interest in around 75,000 BTC tied to the Mt. Gox bankruptcy estate. This move is part of the companyâs broader strategy to build a Bitcoin treasury ahead of its planned merger with Asset Entities.
According to a document filed on May 20 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Strive has partnered with 117 Castell Advisory Group to âidentify and evaluateâ distressed Bitcoin claims with confirmed legal judgments. Among these are approximately 75,000 BTC connected to Mt. Gox, with an estimated market value of $8 billion at current prices.
Essentially, Strive aims to acquire rights to bitcoins currently tied up in legal disputes, which can be purchased at a discount by those willing to take on the risk and wait for eventual recovery.
In a post on X, Striveâs CFO, Ben Pham, stated:
âStrive intends to use all available mechanisms, including novel financial strategies not used by other Bitcoin treasury companies, to maximize its exposure to the asset.â
The company also plans to buy cash at a discount by merging with publicly traded companies holding more cash than their stock value, using the excess funds to purchase additional Bitcoin.
Mt. Gox, the exchange that collapsed in 2014, is currently in the process of repaying creditors, with a deadline set for October 31, 2025.
In its SEC filing, Strive declared:
âThis strategy is intended to allow Strive the opportunity to purchase Bitcoin exposure at a discount to market price, enhancing Bitcoin per share and supporting its goal of outperforming Bitcoin over the long run.â
At the beginning of May, Strive announced its merger plan with Asset Entities, a deal that would create the first publicly listed asset management firm focused on Bitcoin. The resulting company aims to join the growing number of firms adopting a Bitcoin treasury strategy.
The corporate treasury trend
Striveâs initiative to accumulate bitcoin mirrors that of other companies like Strategy and Japanâs Metaplanet. On May 19, Strategy, led by Michael Saylor, announced the purchase of an additional 7,390 BTC for $764.9 million, raising its total holdings to 576,230 BTC. On the same day, Metaplanet revealed it had acquired another 1,004 BTC, increasing its total to 7,800 BTC.
The post Bitcoin in Striveâs sights: 75,000 BTC from Mt. Gox among its targets appeared first on Atlas21.
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@ eb0157af:77ab6c55
2025-05-24 18:01:13According to the ECB Executive Board member, the launch of the digital euro depends on the timing of the EU regulation.
The European Central Bank (ECB) is making progress in preparing for the digital euro. According to Piero Cipollone, ECB Executive Board member and coordinator of the project, the technical phase âis proceeding quickly and on schedule,â but moving to operational implementation still requires political approval of the regulation at the European level.
Speaking at the âVoices on the Futureâ event organized by Ansa and Asvis, Cipollone outlined a possible timeline:
âIf the regulation is approved at the start of 2026 â in the best-case scenario for the European legislative process â we could see the first transactions with the digital euro by mid-2028.â
Cipollone also highlighted Europeâs current dependence on electronic payment systems managed by non-European companies:
âToday in Europe, whenever we donât use cash, any transaction online or at the supermarket has to go through credit cards, with their fees. The payment system relies on companies that arenât based in Europe. You can see why it would make sense to have a system fully under our control.â
For the ECB board member, the digital euro would act as a direct alternative to cash in the digital world, working like âa banknote you can spend anywhere in Europe for any purpose.â
The digital euro project is part of the ECBâs broader strategy to strengthen the independence of Europeâs financial system. According to Cipollone and the Central Bank, Europeâs digital currency would be a key step toward greater autonomy in electronic payments, reducing reliance on infrastructure and services outside the European Union.
The post ECB: digital euro by mid-2028, says Cipollone appeared first on Atlas21.
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@ 1b9fc4cd:1d6d4902
2025-05-24 08:19:41Music in media is like audio umami, the perfect seasoning in a recipe. It has the ability to enhance flavor and provide depth. Daniel Siegel Alonso examines how music is indispensable in enchanting consumers, from the memorable jingles of television commercials to the emotionally charged earworms in viral videos. Its influence is ubiquitous, transforming ordinary content into unforgettable experiences, evoking emotions, and molding cultural trends.
Television Commercials: The Jingle Jungle
Siegel Alonso begins by considering the television commercial. Music is the secret weapon in advertising and marketing, where attention spans can be shorter than the length of a cat video on TikTok. With its catchy melody and simple lyrics, the classic jingle is a masterclass in auditory branding. Do you remember 1971's "I'd Like to Buy the World a Coke"? That was more than just a tune; it was a cultural touchstone.
Today, in modern advertising, music's role transcends nostalgic jingles. Brands now curate full-fledged soundtracks to build an emotional narrative. Take Apple's commercials, for example. They often spotlight indie artists whose songs capture the essence of innovation and simplicity. These choices aren't random; they align with the brand's identity and leave a lasting impression.
Music Videos: The Visual Symphony
Music videos are the perfect union of audio and visual storytelling and have revolutionized how people consume music. These clips are not merely promotional tools but are art forms. At its peak, music videos were cultural events. Nobody took advantage of the medium better than Madonna. Think of her "Justify My Love" videoâa short film that was so subversive that MTV banned it. (Ever the businesswoman, The Material Girl decided to make the controversial video available commercially as a video single, marking the first time a musician released a single in this format in the United States.)
Daniel Siegel Alonso fast forwards to the current age of social media, with channels like YouTube and TikTok breathing new life into the music video. Artists can now connect directly with their audience, bypassing cautious publicists and conservative record company executives. This democratization has led to a surge in creativity. Think about Childish Gambino's cinematic "This is America." The music video sparked widespread discussion and analysis with its in-your-face imagery and complex themes. It wasn't just a song but a statement.
Social Media: The Viral Soundtrack
Music is the magical ingredient in social media that can instantly catapult content into viral fame. Platforms like TikTok have turned short, catchy music clips into a global phenomenon. A 15-second snippet can lead to myriad dance challenges, lip-sync clips, and memes, propelling relatively obscure singers to stardom overnight.
Daniel Siegel Alonso uses Lil Nas X's "Old Town Road" as a key example. With its genre-blending sound, the song became a sensation largely thanks to TikTok. Users created countless videos featuring the song, and the track's infectious energy spread like wildfire. The result was a record-breaking run on the Billboard Hot 100âand a Grammy win!
Even Instagram's Stories and Reels leverage songs to enrich their user experience. Whether it's a tearjerker ballad emphasizing heartfelt memories or an aggressive track fueling a workout video, music layers in emotional content that words and images can't achieve.
The Emotional Manipulator
Music's influence in media lies in its power to manipulate emotionsâthe invisible puppeteer tugs at the heartstrings, stirring nostalgia, joy, sadness, or excitement. Filmmakers and content creators understand this well. Imagine watching a horror flick without a creepy soundtrack.
In television shows, music often acts as an additional character on screen. Netflix's "Stranger Things" and HBO's "Game of Thrones" have iconic soundtracks that are instantly recognizable and have even revitalized musicians' careers (think Kate Bush and her iconic song "Running Up That Hill"). These scores aren't just background fodder; they are crucial to storytelling by creating tension and enhancing dramatic moments.
Cultural Shaper
Beyond its emotional impact, music in media also serves as a cultural shaper. It impacts everything from fashion to language and even social movements. Consider MTV's influence and reach at its height in the 1980s and 1990s. The cable channel didn't just air music videos; it created superstars and defined an era, influencing everything from hairdos to political views.
While MTV may not be the behemoth it once was, social media platforms continue the tradition today. Viral music trends can spark global discussions. For instance, the Black Lives Matter movement saw numerous musicians penning powerful anthems that became rallying cries, shared widely on social media. In this context, music transcends entertainment; it's a vehicle for evolution.
Conclusion
In the grand tapestry of media, Daniel Siegel Alonso asserts that music is the thread that weaves everything together. It turns commercials into cultural icons, music videos into visual feasts, and social media content into viral sensations. Its power to elicit emotion, contribute to culture, and tell unique stories makes it an invaluable tool for creators.
If there are stories to tell and products to sell, music will remain at the heart of media, striking the right chords and leaving an unforgettable mark on our collective psyche. Ultimately, it's not just about the notes and melodies; it's about the feelings and memories they arouse, making music the unsung hero in the ever-changing media landscape.
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@ 0e9491aa:ef2adadf
2025-05-24 07:01:14Bank run on every crypto bank then bank run on every "real" bank.
â ODELL (@ODELL) December 14, 2022
Good morning.
It looks like PacWest will fail today. It will be both the fifth largest bank failure in US history and the sixth major bank to fail this year. It will likely get purchased by one of the big four banks in a government orchestrated sale. Â
March 8th - Silvergate Bank
March 10th - Silicon Valley Bank
March 12th - Signature Bank
March 19th - Credit Suisse
May 1st - First Republic Bank
May 4th - PacWest Bank?PacWest is the first of many small regional banks that will go under this year. Most will get bought by the big four in gov orchestrated sales. This has been the playbook since 2008. Follow the incentives. Massive consolidation across the banking industry. PacWest gonna be a drop in the bucket compared to what comes next.
First, a hastened government led bank consolidation, then a public/private partnership with the remaining large banks to launch a surveilled and controlled digital currency network. We will be told it is more convenient. We will be told it is safer. We will be told it will prevent future bank runs. All of that is marketing bullshit. The goal is greater control of money. The ability to choose how we spend it and how we save it. If you control the money - you control the people that use it.
If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.
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@ eb0157af:77ab6c55
2025-05-24 18:01:12A new study reveals: 4 out of 5 Americans would like the US to convert some of its gold into Bitcoin.
A recent survey conducted by the Nakamoto Project revealed that a majority of Americans support converting a portion of the United Statesâ gold reserves into Bitcoin. The survey, carried out online by Qualtrics between February and March 2025, involved 3,345 participants with demographic characteristics representative of US census standards. Most respondents expressed a desire to convert between 1% and 30% of the gold reserves into BTC.
Troy Cross, co-founder of the Nakamoto Project, stated:
âWhen given a slider and asked to advise the US government on the right proportion of Bitcoin and gold, subjects were very reluctant to put that slider on 0% Bitcoin and 100% gold. Instead, they settled around 10% Bitcoin.â
One significant finding from the research is the correlation between age and openness to Bitcoin: younger respondents showed a greater inclination toward the cryptocurrency compared to older generations.
A potential US strategy
Bo Hines, a White House advisor, is promoting an initiative for the Treasury Department to acquire Bitcoin by selling off a portion of its gold. Under the proposed plan, the government could acquire up to 1 million BTC over the next five years.
To finance these purchases, the government plans to sell Federal Reserve gold certificates. The proposal aligns with Senator Cynthia Lummisâ 2025 Bitcoin Act, which aims to declare Bitcoin a critical national strategic asset.
Currently, the United States holds 8,133 metric tons of gold, valued at over $830 billion, and about 200,000 BTC, valued at $21 billion.
The post The majority in the US wants to convert part of the gold reserves into Bitcoin appeared first on Atlas21.
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@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1
2025-05-24 06:07:19Definition: when every single person in the chain responsible for shipping a product looks at objectively horrendous design decisions and goes: yup, this looks good to me, release this. Designers, developers, product managers, testers, quality assurance... everyone.
I nominate Peugeot as the first example in this category.
Continue reading at https://grumpy.website/1665
https://stacker.news/items/988044
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@ eb0157af:77ab6c55
2025-05-24 18:01:11The exchange reveals the extent of the breach that occurred last December as federal authorities investigate the recent data leak.
Coinbase has disclosed that the personal data of 69,461 users was compromised during the breach in December 2024, according to documentation filed with the Maine Attorney Generalâs Office.
The disclosure comes after Coinbase announced last week that a group of hackers had demanded a $20 million ransom, threatening to publish the stolen data on the dark web. The attackers allegedly bribed overseas customer service agents to extract information from the companyâs systems.
Coinbase had previously stated that the breach affected less than 1% of its user base, compromising KYC (Know Your Customer) data such as names, addresses, and email addresses. In a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the company clarified that passwords, private keys, and user funds were not affected.
Following the reports, the SEC has reportedly opened an official investigation to verify whether Coinbase may have inflated user metrics ahead of its 2021 IPO. Separately, the Department of Justice is investigating the breach at Coinbaseâs request, according to CEO Brian Armstrong.
Meanwhile, Coinbase has faced criticism for its delayed response to the data breach. Michael Arrington, founder of TechCrunch, stated that the stolen data could cause irreparable harm. In a post on X, Arrington wrote:
âThe human cost, denominated in misery, is much larger than the $400m or so they think it will actually cost the company to reimburse people. The consequences to companies who do not adequately protect their customer information should include, without limitation, prison time for executives.â
Coinbase estimates the incident could cost between $180 million and $400 million in remediation expenses and customer reimbursements.
Arrington also condemned KYC laws as ineffective and dangerous, calling on both regulators and companies to better protect user data:
âCombining these KYC laws with corporate profit maximization and lax laws on penalties for hacks like these means these issues will continue to happen. Both governments and corporations need to step up to stop this. As I said, the cost can only be measured in human suffering.â
The post Coinbase: 69,461 users affected by December 2024 data breach appeared first on Atlas21.
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@ 0e9491aa:ef2adadf
2025-05-24 06:01:20The newly proposed RESTRICT ACT - is being advertised as a TikTok Ban, but is much broader than that, carries a $1M Fine and up to 20 years in prisonď¸! It is unconstitutional and would create massive legal restrictions on the open source movement and free speech throughout the internet.
The Bill was proposed by: Senator Warner, Senator Thune, Senator Baldwin, Senator Fischer, Senator Manchin, Senator Moran, Senator Bennet, Senator Sullivan, Senator Gillibrand, Senator Collins, Senator Heinrich, and Senator Romney. It has broad support across Senators of both parties.
Corrupt politicians will not protect us. They are part of the problem. We must build, support, and learn how to use censorship resistant tools in order to defend our natural rights.
The RESTRICT Act, introduced by Senators Warner and Thune, aims to block or disrupt transactions and financial holdings involving foreign adversaries that pose risks to national security. Although the primary targets of this legislation are companies like Tik-Tok, the language of the bill could potentially be used to block or disrupt cryptocurrency transactions and, in extreme cases, block Americansâ access to open source tools or protocols like Bitcoin.
The Act creates a redundant regime paralleling OFAC without clear justification, it significantly limits the ability for injured parties to challenge actions raising due process concerns, and unlike OFAC it lacks any carve-out for protected speech. COINCENTER ON THE RESTRICT ACT
If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.
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@ eb0157af:77ab6c55
2025-05-24 18:01:10Bitcoin adoption will come through businesses: neither governments nor banks will lead the revolution.
In recent years, itâs undeniable that Bitcoin has ceased to be just a radical idea born from the minds of cypherpunks. It is now recognized across the board as a global asset, discussed in the upper echelons of finance, accepted even on Wall Street, purchased by banking groups and included as a âstrategic reserveâ by some nations.
However, the general perception that hovers today regarding Bitcoinâs diffusion is still that of minimal adoption, almost insignificant. Bitcoin exists, certainly, but in fact it is not being used. It is rarely possible to pay in satoshis in commercial establishments. Demand is still extremely low.
Furthermore, the debate on Bitcoin is still practically absent: excluding some local events, some niche media outlets or some timid discussion, today Bitcoin is in fact excluded from general interest. The level of understanding and knowledge of the phenomenon is certainly still very low.
Yet, Bitcoin represents an unprecedented technological improvement, capable of solving many problems inherent in the fiat system in which we live. What could facilitate its diffusion?
Bitcoin becomes familiar when businesses adopt it
When talking about Bitcoin adoption, many look to States. They imagine governments that legislate or accumulate Bitcoin as a âstrategic reserve,â or banks perceived as forward-thinking that would lead technological change, opening up to innovation. But the reality is different: bureaucracy, political constraints, and fear of losing control inherently prevent States and central banks from being pioneers.
What really drives Bitcoin adoption are not States, but businesses. It is the forward-looking entrepreneurs, innovative startups and â eventually â even large multinational companies that decide to integrate Bitcoin into their operating systems that drive adoption. Indeed, the business world has always played a key role in the adoption of new technologies. This was the case, for example, with the internet, e-commerce, mobile telephony, and the cloud. It will also be the case with Bitcoin.
Unlike a State, when a company adopts Bitcoin, it does so for concrete reasons: efficiency, savings, protection, access to new markets, independence from traditional banking circuits, or bureaucratic streamlining. It is a rational choice, not an ideological one, dictated by the intent to improve oneâs competitiveness against the competition to survive in the market.
What is currently missing to facilitate adoption is, in all likelihood, a significant number of businesses that have decided to integrate Bitcoin into their company systems.
Bitcoin becomes ânormalâ when it is integrated into the operational flow of businesses. Holding and framing bitcoin on the balance sheet, paying an invoice, paying salaries to employees in satoshis, making value transfers globally thanks to the blockchain, allowing customers to pay via Lightning Network⌠when all this becomes possible with the same simplicity with which we use the euro or the dollar, Bitcoin stops being alternative and becomes the standard.
Businesses are not just users. They are adoption multipliers. When a company chooses Bitcoin, it is automatically proposing it to customers, employees, suppliers, and institutional stakeholders. Each business adoption equals tens, hundreds, or thousands of new eyes on Bitcoin.
People, after all, trust what they see every day: if your trusted restaurant accepts bitcoin, or if your favorite e-commerce platform uses it to receive international payments, or if your colleague receives it as a salary, then Bitcoin no longer appears to be a mysterious object. It finally begins to be perceived as a real, useful, and functioning tool.
The integration of a technology in companies helps make it understandable, accessible, and legitimate in the eyes of the public. This is how distrust is overcome: by making Bitcoin visible in daily life.
Bitcoin and businesses today
A River Financial report estimates that as of May 2025, only 5% of bitcoin is currently owned by private businesses. A still very small number.
According to research by River, in May 2025 businesses hold just over a million btc (about 5% of available monetary units). More than two-thirds of bitcoin (68.2%) are in the hands of private individuals.
To promote Bitcoin adoption, it is necessary today to support businesses in integrating this standard, leveraging all its enormous opportunities. Among others, this technology allows for fast, economical, and global payments. It eliminates intermediaries, increases transparency and security in value transfers. It removes bureaucratic frictions and allows opening up to a new global market.
Every sector can benefit from Bitcoin: e-commerce, tourism, industry, restaurants, professional services, or any other business. Bitcoin revolutionizes the concept of money, and money is a transversal working tool.
We are still at the beginning, but several signals are encouraging. According to a study by Bitwise and reported by Atlas21, in the first quarter of 2025, a growing number of US companies (+16.11% compared to the previous one) are including Bitcoin in their balance sheets, not just as a financial bet, but as a long-term strategy to protect their assets and access a decentralized monetary system to transfer value worldwide without resorting to financial intermediaries.
Who is driving the change?
Echoing the words of Roy Sheinfeld, CEO of Breez, the true potential of Bitcoin will be unleashed first and foremost from the work of developers, the true architects in designing and refining tools that are increasingly simple and intuitive to use for anyone, regardless of level of expertise. It is the developers â Roy rightly argued â who will enable us to âconquer the world.â
But probably thatâs not enough: the next step is to make Bitcoin a globally accepted technological standard, changing its perception towards the general public. And this is where businesses come into play.
Guided by the market, technological innovation, and the desire to meet user demands, entrepreneurs today represent the fulcrum to accelerate the monetary transition from the current fiat system towards the Bitcoin standard. It is entrepreneurs who transform innovations from opportunities for a few to a reality shared by many.
The adoption of Bitcoin will therefore not arise from a sudden event, nor from the exclusive fruit of enthusiastsâ enthusiasm or from arbitrary political choices decreed by States or regulators.
The future of Bitcoin is built in the places where value is created every day: in companies, in their systems, and in their strategic decisions.
âIf we conquer developers, we conquer the world. If we conquer businesses, we conquer adoption.â
The post The key to Bitcoin adoption is businesses appeared first on Atlas21.
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@ eb0157af:77ab6c55
2025-05-24 18:01:09Governor Abbott will have to decide whether to sign the bill establishing a bitcoin reserve for the state.
Texas could become the third U.S. state to set up a strategic bitcoin reserve, following the approval of Senate Bill 21 by the state House, with 101 votes in favor and 42 against.
Lee Bratcher, founder and president of the Texas Blockchain Council, expressed confidence that Governor Greg Abbott will sign the legislative measure. In an interview with The Block, Bratcher said:
âIâve talked to the governor about this personally, and I think he wants to see Texas lead in this way.â
The bill is expected to reach the governorâs desk within a week or two, according to Bratcherâs projections. If signed, Texas would follow in the footsteps of New Hampshire and Arizona in creating a state-held bitcoin reserve.
Despite Texas ranking as the worldâs eighth-largest economy â ahead of many nations â the initial approach to the reserve will be cautious. Bratcher estimates the starting investment will be in the âtens of millions of dollars,â an amount he describes as âmodestâ for an economy the size of Texas. The responsibility for operational decisions would fall to the state comptroller, who acts as an executive accountant in charge of managing and investing public funds.
âMy sense is that it will be in the tens of millions of dollars, which, while it sounds significant, is a very modest amount, for a state the size of Texas.â explained the president of the Texas Blockchain Council.
The road to approval
According to Bratcher, the idea of creating a state bitcoin reserve dates back to 2022 and represents the culmination of years of work by the Texas Blockchain Council. The organization has worked closely with lawmakers who shared the vision of seeing the state accumulate the worldâs leading cryptocurrency. Additionally, Texas has long been home to numerous bitcoin mining companies.
The post Texas one step away from a bitcoin reserve: only the governorâs signature is missing appeared first on Atlas21.
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@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1
2025-05-24 05:53:43This talks highlights tools for product management, UX design, web development, and content creation to embed accessibility.
Organizations need scalability and consistency in their accessibility work, aligning people, policies, and processes to integrate it across roles. This session highlights tools for product management, UX design, web development, and content creation to embed accessibility. We will explore inclusive personas, design artifacts, design systems, and content strategies to support developers and creators, with real-world examples.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-M2cMLDU4u4
https://stacker.news/items/988041
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@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43
2025-05-05 14:25:28Introduction: The Power of Fiction and the Shaping of Collective Morality
Stories define the moral landscape of a civilization. From the earliest mythologies to the modern spectacle of global cinema, the tales a society tells its youth shape the parameters of acceptable behavior, the cost of transgression, and the meaning of justice, power, and redemption. Among the most globally influential narratives of the past half-century is the Star Wars saga, a sprawling science fiction mythology that has transcended genre to become a cultural religion for many. Central to this mythos is the arc of Anakin Skywalker, the fallen Jedi Knight who becomes Darth Vader. In Star Wars: Episode III â Revenge of the Sith, Anakin commits what is arguably the most morally abhorrent act depicted in mainstream popular cinema: the mass murder of children. And yet, by the end of the saga, he is redeemed.
This chapter introduces the uninitiated to the events surrounding this narrative turn and explores the deep structural and ethical concerns it raises. We argue that the cultural treatment of Darth Vader as an anti-hero, even a role model, reveals a deep perversion in the collective moral grammar of the modern West. In doing so, we consider the implications this mythology may have on young adults navigating identity, masculinity, and agency in a world increasingly shaped by spectacle and symbolic narrative.
Part I: The Scene and Its Context
In Revenge of the Sith (2005), the third episode of the Star Wars prequel trilogy, the protagonist Anakin Skywalker succumbs to fear, ambition, and manipulation. Convinced that the Jedi Council is plotting against the Republic and desperate to save his pregnant wife from a vision of death, Anakin pledges allegiance to Chancellor Palpatine, secretly the Sith Lord Darth Sidious. Upon doing so, he is given a new nameâDarth Vaderâand tasked with a critical mission: to eliminate all Jedi in the temple, including its youngest members.
In one of the most harrowing scenes in the film, Anakin enters the Jedi Temple. A group of young children, known as "younglings," emerge from hiding and plead for help. One steps forward, calling him "Master Skywalker," and asks what they are to do. Anakin responds by igniting his lightsaber. The screen cuts away, but the implication is unambiguous. Later, it is confirmed through dialogue and visual allusion that he slaughtered them all.
There is no ambiguity in the storytelling. The man who will become the galaxyâs most feared enforcer begins his descent by murdering defenseless children.
Part II: A New Kind of Evil in Youth-Oriented Media
For decades, cinema avoided certain taboos. Even films depicting war, genocide, or psychological horror rarely crossed the line into showing children as victims of deliberate violence by the protagonist. When children were harmed, it was by monstrous antagonists, supernatural forces, or offscreen implications. The killing of children was culturally reserved for historical atrocities and horror tales.
In Revenge of the Sith, this boundary was broken. While the film does not show the violence explicitly, the implication is so clear and so central to the character arc that its omission from visual depiction does not blunt the narrative weight. What makes this scene especially jarring is the tonal dissonance between the gravity of the act and the broader cultural treatment of Star Wars as a family-friendly saga. The juxtaposition of child-targeted marketing with a central plot involving child murder is not accidentalâit reflects a deeper narrative and commercial structure.
This scene was not a deviation from the arc. It was the intended turning point.
Part III: Masculinity, Militarism, and the Appeal of the Anti-Hero
Darth Vader has long been idolized as a masculine icon. His towering presence, emotionless control, and mechanical voice exude power and discipline. Military institutions have quoted him. He is celebrated in memes, posters, and merchandise. Within the cultural imagination, he embodies dominance, command, and strategic ruthlessness.
For many young men, particularly those struggling with identity, agency, and perceived weakness, Vader becomes more than a character. He becomes an archetype: the man who reclaims power by embracing discipline, forsaking emotion, and exacting vengeance against those who betrayed him. The emotional pain that leads to his fall mirrors the experiences of isolation and perceived emasculation that many young men internalize in a fractured society.
The symbolism becomes dangerous. Anakin's descent into mass murder is portrayed not as the outcome of unchecked cruelty, but as a tragic mistake rooted in love and desperation. The implication is that under enough pressure, even the most horrific act can be framed as a step toward a noble end.
Part IV: Redemption as Narrative Alchemy
By the end of the original trilogy (Return of the Jedi, 1983), Darth Vader kills the Emperor to save his son Luke and dies shortly thereafter. Luke mourns him, honors him, and burns his body in reverence. In the final scene, Vader's ghost appears alongside Obi-Wan Kenobi and Yodaâthe very men who once considered him the greatest betrayal of their order. He is welcomed back.
There is no reckoning. No mention of the younglings. No memorial to the dead. No consequence beyond his own internal torment.
This model of redemption is not uncommon in Western storytelling. In Christian doctrine, the concept of grace allows for any sin to be forgiven if the sinner repents sincerely. But in the context of secular mass culture, such redemption without justice becomes deeply troubling. The cultural message is clear: even the worst crimes can be erased if one makes a grand enough gesture at the end. It is the erasure of moral debt by narrative fiat.
The implication is not only that evil can be undone by good, but that power and legacy matter more than the victims. Vader is not just forgivenâhe is exalted.
Part V: Real-World Reflections and Dangerous Scripts
In recent decades, the rise of mass violence in schools and public places has revealed a disturbing pattern: young men who feel alienated, betrayed, or powerless adopt mythic narratives of vengeance and transformation. They often see themselves as tragic figures forced into violence by a cruel world. Some explicitly reference pop culture, quoting films, invoking fictional characters, or modeling their identities after cinematic anti-heroes.
It would be reductive to claim Star Wars causes such events. But it is equally naive to believe that such narratives play no role in shaping the symbolic frameworks through which vulnerable individuals understand their lives. The story of Anakin Skywalker offers a dangerous script:
- You are betrayed.
- You suffer.
- You kill.
- You become powerful.
- You are redeemed.
When combined with militarized masculinity, institutional failure, and cultural nihilism, this script can validate the darkest impulses. It becomes a myth of sacrificial violence, with the perpetrator as misunderstood hero.
Part VI: Cultural Responsibility and Narrative Ethics
The problem is not that Star Wars tells a tragic story. Tragedy is essential to moral understanding. The problem is how the culture treats that story. Darth Vader is not treated as a warning, a cautionary tale, or a fallen angel. He is merchandised, celebrated, and decontextualized.
By separating his image from his actions, society rebrands him as a figure of cool dominance rather than ethical failure. The younglings are forgotten. The victims vanish. Only the redemption remains. The merchandise continues to sell.
Cultural institutions bear responsibility for how such narratives are presented and consumed. Filmmakers may intend nuance, but marketing departments, military institutions, and fan cultures often reduce that nuance to symbol and slogan.
Conclusion: Reckoning with the Stories We Tell
The story of Anakin Skywalker is not morally neutral. It is a tale of systemic failure, emotional collapse, and unchecked violence. When presented in full, it can serve as a powerful warning. But when reduced to aesthetic dominance and easy redemption, it becomes a tool of moral decay.
The glorification of Darth Vader as a cultural iconâdivorced from the horrific acts that define his transformationâis not just misguided. It is dangerous. It trains a generation to believe that power erases guilt, that violence is a path to recognition, and that final acts of loyalty can overwrite the deliberate murder of the innocent.
To the uninitiated, Star Wars may seem like harmless fantasy. But its deepest mythâthe redemption of the child-killer through familial love and posthumous honorâdeserves scrutiny. Not because fiction causes violence, but because fiction defines the possibilities of how we understand evil, forgiveness, and what it means to be a hero.
We must ask: What kind of redemption erases the cries of murdered children? And what kind of culture finds peace in that forgetting?
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@ eb0157af:77ab6c55
2025-05-24 18:01:08Bitcoin surpasses gold in the United States: 50 million holders and a dominant role in the global market.
According to a new report by River, for the first time in history, the number of Americans owning bitcoin has surpassed that of gold holders. The analysis reveals that approximately 50 million U.S. citizens currently own the cryptocurrency, while gold owners number 37 million. In fact, 14.3% of Americans own bitcoin, the highest percentage of holders worldwide.
Source: River
The report highlights that 40% of all Bitcoin-focused companies are based in the United States, consolidating Americaâs dominant position in the sector. Additionally, 40.5% of Bitcoin holders are men aged 31 to 35, followed by 35.9% of men aged 41 to 45. In contrast, only 13.4% of holders are women.
Source: River
Notably, U.S. companies hold 94.8% of all bitcoins owned by publicly traded companies worldwide. According to the report, recent regulatory changes in the U.S. have made the asset more accessible through financial products such as spot ETFs.
The document also shows that American investors increasingly view the cryptocurrency as protection against fiscal instability and inflation, appreciating its limited supply and decentralized governance model.
For River, Bitcoin offers significant practical advantages over gold in the modern digital era. Its ease of custody, cross-border transfer, and liquidity make the cryptocurrency an attractive option for both individual and institutional investors, the report suggests.
The post USA: 50 million Americans own bitcoin appeared first on Atlas21.
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@ f6488c62:c929299d
2025-05-24 05:10:20ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸śŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕš AI ล฾ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸Šŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸Łŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕš? ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕš Sam Altman ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ OpenAI ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ SoftBank, Oracle ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸° MGX ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ł Stargate! ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ľ ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸Šŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸´! Stargate ŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸Ł? Stargate ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ ศบŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸šŕ¸Ľ AI ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Šŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸§ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸¨ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Şŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕš ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ 100,000 ฼ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸Ľŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕš ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸šŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕ¸ 500,000 ฼ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸Ľŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕš ภายŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľ 2029! ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) ญรมภAI ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸Šŕ¸˘ŕš ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸Ťŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ż ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸šŕšŕ¸ŕ¸łŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ AI ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸šŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ Abilene รูŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸Ş ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕ¸Şŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸¨ŕ¸šŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸šŕ¸Ľ 10 ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕšŕ¸ สญราŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ł ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸Şŕ¸Ťŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ťŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕš ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕšŕ¸Ą Stargate ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸łŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸?
ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸: AI ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ Stargate ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ mRNA รูŕ¸ŕ¸Šŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ 48 ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ ŕš ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Ąŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸Şŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸: ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕ¸Şŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ 100,000 ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸Ťŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ż
ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Ťŕ¸˛ŕ¸¨ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ľ: ศบŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸šŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕ¸ 1.2 ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕ¸§ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕš ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕš!
ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸šŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸? Sam Altman รŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ Masayoshi Son ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ SoftBank ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸Şŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ Donald Trump ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸Ťŕš Stargate ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ Oracle ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ Crusoe Energy Systems ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘? ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕ¸˘ŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕš ŕšŕ¸ŕš Stargate ŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ าช฾ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸šŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ DeepSeek ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ą Elon Musk ยูŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ âŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕ¸â ŕšŕ¸ŕš Altman ลูŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ Musk ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸šŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸Şŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸§! ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ Stargate ศบŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸šŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľ 2026 ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ł AI ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ľ ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕ¸Şŕ¸łŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸šŕšŕ¸˘ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛! ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸šŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸°! ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ Stargate ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ าŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕš sci-fi ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ ลูŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸šŕ¸Şŕ¸šŕšŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ AI ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸Šŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸˘! ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ universechain ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ star ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸
Stargate #AI #SamAltman #OpenAI #ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ľ
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@ bc6ccd13:f53098e4
2025-05-24 15:34:51The free-floating global fiat currency system has been operating since Nixon ended the last vestiges of the US gold standard in 1971. In the over five decades since then, there has been a steady chorus of warnings about the imminent collapse of the dollar and of fiat currency in general. In spite of all the doom and gloom, the dollar could say, like the famous Mark Twain quote, âthe reports of my death have been grossly exaggerated.â
Thereâs a reason that, despite all its faults, fiat currency always seems to find a way to survive. Its value may be inflated away, sure, but at the end of the day the world still buys and sells, borrows and lends, spends and saves, in dollars. When the economic situation is chaotic, it becomes very helpful to understand why.
Iâve explained the structure of the banking system in other articles, so I wonât rehash all of that here.
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Briefly, the fiat currency we use today, like the dollar, is a hybrid animal. Itâs part fiat (base money) and part credit. Most of the âdollarsâ people hold are not actually fiat currency printed by the Federal Reserve. Most are in the form of bank deposits held in a checking or savings account. Those bank deposits are created out of thin air by commercial banks, in the process of making loans.
Banks donât loan out money from a reserve they have in a vault somewhere. When they make a loan, they create two ledger items on their balance sheet. The first is the loan, which is a bank asset. Itâs a ledger entry that says the borrower owes the bank a certain amount of dollars, with terms and interest. The second item is the bank deposit, which is an IOU from the bank to the borrower. Itâs a ledger entry that says the bank owes the borrower a certain amount of dollars.
So by the combination of these two ledger entries, the bank creates some brand new dollars, which the borrower gets to spend. This is how our credit-based, fractionally reserved banking system works to increase the money supply. Plenty of the inflationary forces of âmoney printingâ are a result of this commercial bank credit expansion, and not something the Fed did.
There are certain implications to creating money by this type of credit expansion. Say the bank makes a loan of $100,000. Letâs say the terms are 10 years, 10% interest rate, annual payments. So the bank creates the $100,000 out of thin air, and the borrower takes the $100,000 and spends it. For the sake of argument, letâs ignore all the other money in the economy and pretend this $100,000 is all that exists. It wonât matter in the big picture, because all the other money is created through the same process so the same principle will apply on a large scale.
At the end of year one, the borrower will have to repay $10,000 of principal to the bank, along with $1,000 of interest. When the borrower repays the $10,000 of principal, the bankâs balance sheet must shrink. The asset (the loan) goes down from $100,000 owed to $90,000 owed. The liability (the bank deposit total) also goes down from $100,000 to $90,000. So $10,000 is effectively destroyed in paying back the loan.
In order to get the $11,000 to make the loan payment, the borrower had to earn back the borrowed money, which he had initially spent upon receiving the loan. So out of total money supply of $100,000, he worked and earned $11,000 and made his annual loan payment. Now at the beginning of year two, the borrower owes $90,000, the total money in circulation is $89,000, and the bank holds a profit of $1,000. At the end of year two, the borrower pays back $10,900 dollars. $10,000 of principal, and $900 of interest. The total money in circulation is now $78,100, the borrower owes $80,000, and the bank holds $1,900 in profit.
Do you see the problem thatâs developing? There is no longer enough money in circulation for the borrower to pay off his loan. The bank created the principal when they made the loan, but created no additional money to pay off the interest. So the borrower could earn all the money in circulation in the economy, and he still wouldnât have enough to pay off his loan. Worse yet, every year as he makes loan payments, the amount of money circulating in the economy falls. He has to earn a higher and higher percentage of all money available, because the supply keeps falling as debt repayments destroy the money. The only way for the borrower to earn enough to finish paying off his loan, is for the borrower to work for the bank and for them to pay him back the interest they earned from him. Then, if he finally earns all the money in the economy, including the bankâs profits, he can fully pay back his loan. At that point, the amount of money in existence goes back to zero.
When we expand this situation to the global economy, we discover that the world has $320 trillion of debt and only $120 trillion of M2 money supply. The annual loan repayments on that massive debt pile are around $60 trillion.
Thatâs why the dollar refuses to die. Regardless how much everyone hates it, the global debt pile is enormous. And the only way to survive is to keep working and earning dollars to keep making those payments every month. And the ride never ends, because if every single dollar in existence was used today to pay down the debt, the world would be penniless and still $200 trillion in debt. Thatâs $25,000 of debt for every human on the planet.
So thatâs how banks create their own demand, and keep an iron grip on the global economy. Every loan they make creates future demand for dollars to repay that loan. And the ever-increasing gap between the debt and the money available to repay it means that the only way for the economy to stay above water is a constant supply of new loans to create the money needed to pay off the old loans and accumulated interest. Which, of course, is supplied by the banks.
So what happens if banks decide to slow down the new loan supply? Loan repayments destroy money, the money supply shrinks, and deflation kicks in. But not the good kind of deflation, where goods and services get cheaper and wages go further. That can never happen, because the more debt is paid back, the larger the debt pile becomes in relation to the money supply. So debt repayments absorb a larger and larger share of rapidly falling incomes.
And thatâs the liquidity vortex. Without a constant supply of fresh debt, all liquidity gets sucked into a black hole of debt repayments that canât mathematically be filled.
And what happens if people just stop paying back the debt? What if they just walk away? Wonât that cause big problems for the banks? Well, take your mortgage for example. What happens if you stop paying? You soon find out that assets âownedâ with debt arenât actually yours, theyâre the bankâs. If you stop making payments, the bank takes âyourâ house.
So the bank creates money out of thin air and loans it to you, and you buy a house. Then, if you fail to repay that loan (which is a mathematical impossibility on a global scale, because there literally isnât enough money in existence for everyone to do that), they take ownership of the house.
Now that might leave a hole in the bank balance sheet (remember that loan asset and deposit liability they created) since the loan will have to be written down to zero while they still owe the deposit liability. So if the value of the house falls below the loan amount, the bank wonât be able to sell the house and patch their balance sheet hole. What happens then?
Well, we found out in 2008. Luckily for the banks, they own a bank cartel called the Federal Reserve, which has the ability to create fiat dollars (real fiat base money, not credit) out of thin air without going through the loan creation process like a commercial bank. So the Fed created trillions of dollars and gave it to the banks in the form of a bailout, and they didnât have to suffer the damage of insolvency. Of course the damage wouldnât be to the banks anyway, since their profit in the form of interest income is already spent. The damage would be to the bank depositors, who wouldnât be able to withdraw their money from the insolvent banks. So that gives them cover to frame the bailouts as a benevolent act to âsaveâ the depositors, rather than an easy and painless escape for the banks from the mess they created.
How does this liquidity vortex play out during times of economic uncertainty? Anytime thereâs uncertainty, whatâs the first concern of every economic actor? Making sure they can make their debt payments next month, for sure. The whole world is leveraged to the gills, and if they canât make the payments next month the whole house of cards comes crashing down. So the first impulse during uncertainty is to make sure they have enough cash on hand to service debt. Maybe they have enough for next month, but what about the following month? Might be good to have a little more cash on hand, right?
So how can the whole world in aggregate increase their cash balances? Iâll save you the trouble. They canât. Itâs not possible. The money supply only increases through banks making new loans, which doesnât help because it increases debt just as fast as money supply; or through central bank money printing, which is the last ditch attempt to stop a bloodbath. But the fact that itâs impossible doesnât keep people from trying. So how do they try to increase cash? By selling assets, usually. That of course doesnât work in aggregate, because every dollar earned by selling assets is a dollar taken out of someone elseâs cash balance.
And what happens when everyone tries to sell assets at once? Asset prices collapse. And when the value of your assets is collapsing while your monthly debt payments are still fixed, does that make you want to hold more or less cash in reserve? And then if that liquidity vortex continues long enough, people cut back on spending because they would rather hang onto that money to provide some security that theyâll be able to service their debt through the crisis. The reduced spending squeezes business income and profits, which forces them to cut expenses and lay off employees, which reduces spending still further.
And no matter how bad the crisis gets, the mortgage bill and the credit card bill and the business line of credit are still due every month. And the harder people try to pay off the debt, the faster the money supply shrinks, and the more impossible the situation becomes. The only thing that can turn it around is a massive bailout of liquidity provided by, you guessed it, still more debt. That provides temporary relief, while setting the stage for the next, inevitable, credit and debt bubble and accompanying collapse.
And that's why the dollar keeps coming back, despite all predictions of imminent doom. It's actually a brilliant system. Horrifying, diabolical, but brilliant.
The only escape, in my opinion, is a complete monetary reset away from a debt-based currency to an equity-like store of value asset. That's the only monetary system that allows for healthy deflation without systemic failure.
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@ 52b4a076:e7fad8bd
2025-05-03 21:54:45Introduction
Me and Fishcake have been working on infrastructure for Noswhere and Nostr.build. Part of this involves processing a large amount of Nostr events for features such as search, analytics, and feeds.
I have been recently developing
nosdex
v3, a newer version of the Noswhere scraper that is designed for maximum performance and fault tolerance using FoundationDB (FDB).Fishcake has been working on a processing system for Nostr events to use with NB, based off of Cloudflare (CF) Pipelines, which is a relatively new beta product. This evening, we put it all to the test.
First preparations
We set up a new CF Pipelines endpoint, and I implemented a basic importer that took data from the
nosdex
database. This was quite slow, as it did HTTP requests synchronously, but worked as a good smoke test.Asynchronous indexing
I implemented a high-contention queue system designed for highly parallel indexing operations, built using FDB, that supports: - Fully customizable batch sizes - Per-index queues - Hundreds of parallel consumers - Automatic retry logic using lease expiration
When the scraper first gets an event, it will process it and eventually write it to the blob store and FDB. Each new event is appended to the event log.
On the indexing side, a
Queuer
will read the event log, and batch events (usually 2K-5K events) into one work job. This work job contains: - A range in the log to index - Which target this job is intended for - The size of the job and some other metadataEach job has an associated leasing state, which is used to handle retries and prioritization, and ensure no duplication of work.
Several
Worker
s monitor the index queue (up to 128) and wait for new jobs that are available to lease.Once a suitable job is found, the worker acquires a lease on the job and reads the relevant events from FDB and the blob store.
Depending on the indexing type, the job will be processed in one of a number of ways, and then marked as completed or returned for retries.
In this case, the event is also forwarded to CF Pipelines.
Trying it out
The first attempt did not go well. I found a bug in the high-contention indexer that led to frequent transaction conflicts. This was easily solved by correcting an incorrectly set parameter.
We also found there were other issues in the indexer, such as an insufficient amount of threads, and a suspicious decrease in the speed of the
Queuer
during processing of queued jobs.Along with fixing these issues, I also implemented other optimizations, such as deprioritizing
Worker
DB accesses, and increasing the batch size.To fix the degraded
Queuer
performance, I ran the backfill job by itself, and then started indexing after it had completed.Bottlenecks, bottlenecks everywhere
After implementing these fixes, there was an interesting problem: The DB couldn't go over 80K reads per second. I had encountered this limit during load testing for the scraper and other FDB benchmarks.
As I suspected, this was a client thread limitation, as one thread seemed to be using high amounts of CPU. To overcome this, I created a new client instance for each
Worker
.After investigating, I discovered that the Go FoundationDB client cached the database connection. This meant all attempts to create separate DB connections ended up being useless.
Using
OpenWithConnectionString
partially resolved this issue. (This also had benefits for service-discovery based connection configuration.)To be able to fully support multi-threading, I needed to enabled the FDB multi-client feature. Enabling it also allowed easier upgrades across DB versions, as FDB clients are incompatible across versions:
FDB_NETWORK_OPTION_EXTERNAL_CLIENT_LIBRARY="/lib/libfdb_c.so"
FDB_NETWORK_OPTION_CLIENT_THREADS_PER_VERSION="16"
Breaking the 100K/s reads barrier
After implementing support for the multi-threaded client, we were able to get over 100K reads per second.
You may notice after the restart (gap) the performance dropped. This was caused by several bugs: 1. When creating the CF Pipelines endpoint, we did not specify a region. The automatically selected region was far away from the server. 2. The amount of shards were not sufficient, so we increased them. 3. The client overloaded a few HTTP/2 connections with too many requests.
I implemented a feature to assign each
Worker
its own HTTP client, fixing the 3rd issue. We also moved the entire storage region to West Europe to be closer to the servers.After these changes, we were able to easily push over 200K reads/s, mostly limited by missing optimizations:
It's shards all the way down
While testing, we also noticed another issue: At certain times, a pipeline would get overloaded, stalling requests for seconds at a time. This prevented all forward progress on the
Worker
s.We solved this by having multiple pipelines: A primary pipeline meant to be for standard load, with moderate batching duration and less shards, and high-throughput pipelines with more shards.
Each
Worker
is assigned a pipeline on startup, and if one pipeline stalls, other workers can continue making progress and saturate the DB.The stress test
After making sure everything was ready for the import, we cleared all data, and started the import.
The entire import lasted 20 minutes between 01:44 UTC and 02:04 UTC, reaching a peak of: - 0.25M requests per second - 0.6M keys read per second - 140MB/s reads from DB - 2Gbps of network throughput
FoundationDB ran smoothly during this test, with: - Read times under 2ms - Zero conflicting transactions - No overloaded servers
CF Pipelines held up well, delivering batches to R2 without any issues, while reaching its maximum possible throughput.
Finishing notes
Me and Fishcake have been building infrastructure around scaling Nostr, from media, to relays, to content indexing. We consistently work on improving scalability, resiliency and stability, even outside these posts.
Many things, including what you see here, are already a part of Nostr.build, Noswhere and NFDB, and many other changes are being implemented every day.
If you like what you are seeing, and want to integrate it, get in touch. :)
If you want to support our work, you can zap this post, or register for nostr.land and nostr.build today.
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@ c1d77557:bf04ec8b
2025-05-24 05:02:26O 567br Ê uma plataforma de entretenimento online que tem se destacado pela sua inovação, variedade de jogos e foco na experiência do jogador. Com uma interface amigåvel e recursos de alta qualidade, a plataforma oferece uma jornada divertida e segura para os seus usuårios. Neste artigo, vamos explorar os principais aspectos do 567br, incluindo a introdução da plataforma, os jogos que ela oferece e como a experiência do jogador Ê aprimorada em cada detalhe.
O 567br foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de proporcionar aos jogadores uma experiência imersiva e prazerosa. Sua interface Ê simples, intuitiva e de fåcil navegação, permitindo que os usuårios encontrem rapidamente seus jogos favoritos. A plataforma tambÊm Ê otimizada para dispositivos móveis, o que significa que os jogadores podem acessar seus jogos em qualquer lugar e a qualquer momento, seja no computador ou no smartphone.
AlĂŠm disso, o 567brse preocupa com a segurança de seus usuĂĄrios, implementando tecnologias de criptografia de ponta para garantir que todos os dados pessoais e financeiros estejam protegidos. A plataforma tambĂŠm oferece suporte ao cliente de alta qualidade, disponĂvel 24/7, para resolver quaisquer dĂşvidas ou problemas que possam surgir durante a experiĂŞncia de jogo.
Jogos Empolgantes e Variedade para Todos os Gostos No 567br, a diversidade de jogos ĂŠ um dos pontos fortes da plataforma. Desde jogos de mesa e cartas atĂŠ opçþes de entretenimento mais dinâmicas e inovadoras, hĂĄ algo para todos os gostos e preferĂŞncias. Os jogos disponĂveis sĂŁo desenvolvidos por alguns dos melhores fornecedores de conteĂşdo da indĂşstria, garantindo grĂĄficos de alta qualidade, jogabilidade fluida e mecânicas envolventes.
Os jogadores podem escolher entre diferentes categorias, como:
Jogos de Mesa: Para quem gosta de uma experiência mais estratÊgica e de tomada de decisþes, os jogos de mesa são uma excelente opção. São oferecidas diversas variantes de jogos populares, como pôquer, blackjack, roleta, entre outros.
Jogos de Ação e Aventura: Para os que buscam adrenalina e emoção, a plataforma oferece uma seleção de jogos de ação e aventura com temas envolventes e gråficos impressionantes. Esses jogos garantem uma experiência de jogo emocionante e desafiadora.
Jogos de Arcade: Se vocĂŞ estĂĄ em busca de algo mais descontraĂdo e divertido, os jogos de arcade sĂŁo uma excelente escolha. Eles sĂŁo rĂĄpidos, fĂĄceis de entender e proporcionam diversĂŁo instantânea.
A plataforma estå sempre atualizando seu portfólio de jogos para garantir que os jogadores tenham acesso às últimas novidades e inovaçþes do mundo do entretenimento online.
A Experiência do Jogador: Personalização e Interatividade O 567br não se limita a oferecer apenas uma plataforma de jogos, mas tambÊm busca criar uma experiência personalizada e interativa para cada jogador. A plataforma possui funcionalidades que permitem que os usuårios ajustem sua experiência de jogo de acordo com suas preferências individuais.
A personalização da interface Ê um exemplo claro disso. O jogador pode escolher o tema e a disposição dos elementos na tela, criando um ambiente que seja confortåvel e agradåvel de usar. AlÊm disso, o 567br oferece recursos interativos, como chats ao vivo, onde os jogadores podem interagir com outros usuårios e atÊ mesmo com os dealers, proporcionando uma sensação de comunidade.
Outro aspecto importante Ê a possibilidade de acompanhar o desempenho e os resultados de jogo. A plataforma oferece relatórios detalhados, permitindo que os jogadores monitorem seu progresso, analisem suas vitórias e perdas, e façam ajustes em sua estratÊgia de jogo.
Promoçþes e BenefĂcios para os Jogadores O 567br tambĂŠm oferece uma sĂŠrie de promoçþes e benefĂcios que tornam a experiĂŞncia de jogo ainda mais atrativa. Novos jogadores podem aproveitar bĂ´nus de boas-vindas e outras ofertas especiais, enquanto jogadores regulares podem se beneficiar de programas de fidelidade e promoçþes exclusivas.
Essas ofertas ajudam a aumentar a diversĂŁo e proporcionam mais oportunidades para que os jogadores explorem novos jogos e tenham uma experiĂŞncia ainda mais rica. AlĂŠm disso, o sistema de recompensas ĂŠ transparente e justo, garantindo que todos os jogadores tenham as mesmas oportunidades de aproveitar os benefĂcios.
Conclusão: Uma Plataforma Completa para Todos os Gostos Com sua interface intuitiva, variedade de jogos e foco na experiência do jogador, o 567br se consolida como uma plataforma de entretenimento online de alta qualidade. Seja para quem busca jogos estratÊgicos, ação intensa ou diversão casual, o 567br tem algo para todos.
A segurança, o suporte ao cliente e a personalização da experiĂŞncia de jogo tornam o 567br uma opção atraente para jogadores que buscam mais do que apenas uma plataforma de jogos â buscam uma jornada de entretenimento envolvente e segura. Se vocĂŞ estĂĄ procurando por uma experiĂŞncia completa e agradĂĄvel, o 567br ĂŠ, sem dĂşvida, uma excelente escolha.
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@ c1d77557:bf04ec8b
2025-05-24 05:01:44O P11Bet Ê uma plataforma inovadora que chega para oferecer uma experiência de jogo única, reunindo uma variedade de opçþes para os entusiastas de diferentes tipos de entretenimento online. Com uma interface moderna e fåcil de usar, ela se destaca por proporcionar uma jornada divertida e segura para os jogadores, com um foco especial na qualidade da experiência e no atendimento às necessidades do público.
Uma Plataforma Completa e AcessĂvel Ao acessar o P11Bet, os usuĂĄrios encontram uma plataforma intuitiva, que facilita a navegação e oferece uma variedade de recursos para tornar o jogo mais agradĂĄvel. A estrutura do site ĂŠ otimizada para fornecer uma experiĂŞncia fluida, seja no desktop ou em dispositivos mĂłveis. AlĂŠm disso, a plataforma se preocupa em manter um ambiente seguro, garantindo a proteção dos dados dos jogadores e permitindo que se concentrem na diversĂŁo.
A plataforma Ê projetada para todos os tipos de jogadores, desde os iniciantes atÊ os mais experientes. A simplicidade de uso Ê uma das grandes vantagens, permitindo que qualquer pessoa possa se registrar e começar a jogar sem dificuldades. AlÊm disso, a p11betoferece suporte ao cliente em português, o que facilita a comunicação e garante um atendimento de alta qualidade para os usuårios brasileiros.
Diversidade de Jogos para Todos os Gostos O P11Bet se destaca pela vasta gama de opçþes de jogos que oferece aos seus usuårios. A plataforma abriga uma seleção diversificada que vai desde jogos clåssicos atÊ as opçþes mais modernas, atendendo a todos os estilos e preferências. Entre as opçþes mais procuradas estão jogos de mesa, apostas esportivas, slots, e outras modalidades que garantem horas de entretenimento.
Um dos principais atrativos do P11Bet são os jogos de habilidade e de sorte, que exigem tanto estratÊgia quanto um pouco de sorte. As opçþes variam desde os mais simples aos mais complexos, oferecendo algo para todos os gostos. Os jogadores podem se aventurar em diversas modalidades, testando suas habilidades em jogos que vão de roletas e blackjack a versþes mais inovadoras e dinâmicas.
Para aqueles que preferem algo mais emocionante e competitivo, as apostas esportivas são uma das maiores atraçþes. O P11Bet oferece uma ampla variedade de eventos esportivos ao vivo para apostar, com odds atrativas e uma plataforma que permite realizar apostas de forma råpida e eficiente. Seja em esportes populares como futebol, basquete ou atÊ mesmo esportes menos tradicionais, hå sempre algo para os apostadores mais exigentes.
A ExperiĂŞncia do Jogador: DiversĂŁo e Segurança O P11Bet nĂŁo apenas se preocupa com a diversidade de jogos, mas tambĂŠm com a experiĂŞncia do jogador. A plataforma foi desenvolvida para garantir que os jogadores possam desfrutar de seus jogos favoritos com a maior segurança e conforto possĂvel. AlĂŠm de um design intuitivo, a plataforma oferece diversas opçþes de pagamento, incluindo mĂŠtodos populares no Brasil, para facilitar depĂłsitos e retiradas. Isso garante que o processo de transaçþes seja simples, rĂĄpido e seguro.
Outro ponto positivo do P11Bet Ê a experiência imersiva que ele oferece aos jogadores. A plataforma estå sempre atualizada com novas funcionalidades, com promoçþes atraentes e bônus especiais que aumentam ainda mais a diversão. A interação com outros jogadores tambÊm Ê um diferencial, com espaços que permitem competir, conversar e trocar experiências com pessoas de todo o mundo.
AlĂŠm disso, o suporte ao cliente da P11Bet ĂŠ um dos mais elogiados pelos usuĂĄrios. A equipe estĂĄ sempre disponĂvel para resolver dĂşvidas e fornecer assistĂŞncia de maneira eficaz e amigĂĄvel. Isso garante que os jogadores tenham sempre uma experiĂŞncia tranquila, sem se preocupar com questĂľes tĂŠcnicas ou problemas relacionados Ă plataforma.
Conclusão Em resumo, o P11Bet Ê uma excelente escolha para quem busca uma plataforma completa e de qualidade para se divertir e desafiar suas habilidades. Com uma grande variedade de jogos, uma interface de fåcil navegação e um suporte excepcional, ele garante que cada momento na plataforma seja único e prazeroso. Para quem deseja se aventurar no mundo dos jogos online, o P11Bet Ê uma opção que combina segurança, inovação e diversão.
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@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43
2025-05-01 17:29:18High-Level Overview
Bitcoin developers are currently debating a proposed change to how Bitcoin Core handles the
OP_RETURN
opcode â a mechanism that allows users to insert small amounts of data into the blockchain. Specifically, the controversy revolves around removing built-in filters that limit how much data can be stored using this feature (currently capped at 80 bytes).Summary of Both Sides
Position A: Remove OP_RETURN Filters
Advocates: nostr:npub1ej493cmun8y9h3082spg5uvt63jgtewneve526g7e2urca2afrxqm3ndrm, nostr:npub12rv5lskctqxxs2c8rf2zlzc7xx3qpvzs3w4etgemauy9thegr43sf485vg, nostr:npub17u5dneh8qjp43ecfxr6u5e9sjamsmxyuekrg2nlxrrk6nj9rsyrqywt4tp, others
Arguments: - Ineffectiveness of filters: Filters are easily bypassed and do not stop spam effectively. - Code simplification: Removing arbitrary limits reduces code complexity. - Permissionless innovation: Enables new use cases like cross-chain bridges and timestamping without protocol-level barriers. - Economic regulation: Fees should determine what data gets added to the blockchain, not protocol rules.
Position B: Keep OP_RETURN Filters
Advocates: nostr:npub1lh273a4wpkup00stw8dzqjvvrqrfdrv2v3v4t8pynuezlfe5vjnsnaa9nk, nostr:npub1s33sw6y2p8kpz2t8avz5feu2n6yvfr6swykrnm2frletd7spnt5qew252p, nostr:npub1wnlu28xrq9gv77dkevck6ws4euej4v568rlvn66gf2c428tdrptqq3n3wr, others
Arguments: - Historical intent: Satoshi included filters to keep Bitcoin focused on monetary transactions. - Resource protection: Helps prevent blockchain bloat and abuse from non-financial uses. - Network preservation: Protects the network from being overwhelmed by low-value or malicious data. - Social governance: Maintains conservative changes to ensure long-term robustness.
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths of Removing Filters
- Encourages decentralized innovation.
- Simplifies development and maintenance.
- Maintains ideological purity of a permissionless system.
Weaknesses of Removing Filters
- Opens the door to increased non-financial data and potential spam.
- May dilute Bitcoinâs core purpose as sound money.
- Risks short-term exploitation before economic filters adapt.
Strengths of Keeping Filters
- Preserves Bitcoinâs identity and original purpose.
- Provides a simple protective mechanism against abuse.
- Aligns with conservative development philosophy of Bitcoin Core.
Weaknesses of Keeping Filters
- Encourages central decision-making on allowed use cases.
- Leads to workarounds that may be less efficient or obscure.
- Discourages novel but legitimate applications.
Long-Term Consequences
If Filters Are Removed
- Positive: Potential boom in new applications, better interoperability, cleaner architecture.
- Negative: Risk of increased blockchain size, more bandwidth/storage costs, spam wars.
If Filters Are Retained
- Positive: Preserves monetary focus and operational discipline.
- Negative: Alienates developers seeking broader use cases, may ossify the protocol.
Conclusion
The debate highlights a core philosophical split in Bitcoin: whether it should remain a narrow monetary system or evolve into a broader data layer for decentralized applications. Both paths carry risks and tradeoffs. The outcome will shape not just Bitcoin's technical direction but its social contract and future role in the broader crypto ecosystem.
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@ 52b4a076:e7fad8bd
2025-04-28 00:48:57I have been recently building NFDB, a new relay DB. This post is meant as a short overview.
Regular relays have challenges
Current relay software have significant challenges, which I have experienced when hosting Nostr.land: - Scalability is only supported by adding full replicas, which does not scale to large relays. - Most relays use slow databases and are not optimized for large scale usage. - Search is near-impossible to implement on standard relays. - Privacy features such as NIP-42 are lacking. - Regular DB maintenance tasks on normal relays require extended downtime. - Fault-tolerance is implemented, if any, using a load balancer, which is limited. - Personalization and advanced filtering is not possible. - Local caching is not supported.
NFDB: A scalable database for large relays
NFDB is a new database meant for medium-large scale relays, built on FoundationDB that provides: - Near-unlimited scalability - Extended fault tolerance - Instant loading - Better search - Better personalization - and more.
Search
NFDB has extended search capabilities including: - Semantic search: Search for meaning, not words. - Interest-based search: Highlight content you care about. - Multi-faceted queries: Easily filter by topic, author group, keywords, and more at the same time. - Wide support for event kinds, including users, articles, etc.
Personalization
NFDB allows significant personalization: - Customized algorithms: Be your own algorithm. - Spam filtering: Filter content to your WoT, and use advanced spam filters. - Topic mutes: Mute topics, not keywords. - Media filtering: With Nostr.build, you will be able to filter NSFW and other content - Low data mode: Block notes that use high amounts of cellular data. - and more
Other
NFDB has support for many other features such as: - NIP-42: Protect your privacy with private drafts and DMs - Microrelays: Easily deploy your own personal microrelay - Containers: Dedicated, fast storage for discoverability events such as relay lists
Calcite: A local microrelay database
Calcite is a lightweight, local version of NFDB that is meant for microrelays and caching, meant for thousands of personal microrelays.
Calcite HA is an additional layer that allows live migration and relay failover in under 30 seconds, providing higher availability compared to current relays with greater simplicity. Calcite HA is enabled in all Calcite deployments.
For zero-downtime, NFDB is recommended.
Noswhere SmartCache
Relays are fixed in one location, but users can be anywhere.
Noswhere SmartCache is a CDN for relays that dynamically caches data on edge servers closest to you, allowing: - Multiple regions around the world - Improved throughput and performance - Faster loading times
routerd
routerd
is a custom load-balancer optimized for Nostr relays, integrated with SmartCache.routerd
is specifically integrated with NFDB and Calcite HA to provide fast failover and high performance.Ending notes
NFDB is planned to be deployed to Nostr.land in the coming weeks.
A lot more is to come. đď¸ď¸ď¸ď¸ď¸ď¸
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@ c1d77557:bf04ec8b
2025-05-24 05:01:11Se você estå em busca de uma experiência de jogo dinâmica e diversificada, o 59h Ê a plataforma que você precisa conhecer. Com um foco claro na satisfação dos jogadores, ela oferece uma ampla variedade de opçþes de entretenimento, alÊm de uma interface amigåvel e segura. Neste artigo, vamos explorar a plataforma 59h, destacando suas principais funcionalidades, jogos emocionantes e a experiência do usuårio.
O Que ĂŠ a Plataforma 59h? O 59h ĂŠ uma plataforma inovadora que oferece uma vasta gama de jogos e experiĂŞncias digitais para os entusiastas do entretenimento online. A plataforma se destaca pela sua interface intuitiva, que permite aos jogadores navegar com facilidade entre as diferentes categorias de jogos. Ela ĂŠ ideal para quem busca uma experiĂŞncia divertida e acessĂvel, sem complicaçþes.
Desde o momento em que vocĂŞ acessa o 59h, fica evidente o compromisso com a qualidade. A plataforma ĂŠ projetada para ser acessĂvel em diversos dispositivos, seja no seu computador, tablet ou smartphone. Isso garante que os jogadores possam aproveitar seus jogos favoritos a qualquer momento e em qualquer lugar, com a mesma qualidade e desempenho.
Uma Grande Variedade de Jogos para Todos os Gostos O 59h se destaca por sua impressionante variedade de jogos. Independentemente do tipo de jogo que vocĂŞ prefere, certamente encontrarĂĄ algo que se adapte ao seu estilo. A plataforma oferece desde jogos de habilidade, atĂŠ opçþes mais relaxantes e divertidas para aqueles que buscam algo mais descontraĂdo.
Entre as opçþes mais populares, destacam-se os jogos de mesa, onde os jogadores podem testar suas habilidades em jogos como pôquer, blackjack e outros. Para quem prefere algo mais voltado para a sorte, o 59h tambÊm oferece jogos com elementos de sorte que podem garantir grandes recompensas.
AlĂŠm disso, a plataforma estĂĄ sempre atualizando seu portfĂłlio de jogos, trazendo novidades para os jogadores. Isso significa que vocĂŞ nunca ficarĂĄ entediado, jĂĄ que sempre haverĂĄ algo novo e emocionante para experimentar.
A Experiência do Jogador no 59h Uma das maiores qualidades da plataforma 59h Ê sua atenção à experiência do usuårio. Desde o processo de registro atÊ a escolha de um jogo, tudo foi pensado para garantir uma navegação tranquila e sem estresse.
A plataforma ĂŠ completamente segura, oferecendo mĂŠtodos de pagamento rĂĄpidos e confiĂĄveis. Isso significa que os jogadores podem depositar e retirar seus fundos com confiança, sem se preocupar com a segurança de suas informaçþes pessoais. AlĂŠm disso, o suporte ao cliente estĂĄ sempre disponĂvel para ajudar em caso de dĂşvidas ou problemas, garantindo que sua experiĂŞncia seja o mais fluida possĂvel.
Outro ponto que merece destaque Ê a comunidade de jogadores. A interação com outros jogadores Ê uma parte importante da plataforma, permitindo que você compartilhe dicas, participe de torneios e crie amizades. A plataforma 59h se esforça para criar um ambiente amigåvel e inclusivo, onde todos podem se divertir e aprender uns com os outros.
Acessibilidade e Facilidade de Uso O 59h nĂŁo ĂŠ apenas sobre a diversidade de jogos; tambĂŠm se trata de tornar o acesso o mais simples possĂvel. A plataforma oferece um design responsivo, que se adapta perfeitamente a qualquer tipo de dispositivo. Isso significa que vocĂŞ pode jogar no computador, smartphone ou tablet com a mesma facilidade.
O processo de cadastro Ê simples e råpido, permitindo que você comece a jogar em questão de minutos. AlÊm disso, a plataforma oferece uma sÊrie de recursos adicionais, como promoçþes e bônus exclusivos, que tornam a experiência ainda mais empolgante.
ConclusĂŁo O 59h se posiciona como uma plataforma de entretenimento online completa, oferecendo uma vasta gama de jogos, uma experiĂŞncia de usuĂĄrio de alta qualidade e um ambiente seguro e amigĂĄvel para jogadores de todos os nĂveis. Se vocĂŞ procura uma plataforma confiĂĄvel, diversificada e divertida, o 59h ĂŠ a escolha ideal. NĂŁo importa se vocĂŞ ĂŠ um iniciante ou um jogador experiente, hĂĄ sempre algo novo para descobrir e aproveitar no 59h.
-
@ dfa02707:41ca50e3
2025-05-24 05:00:54Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.
- This release introduces Payjoin v2 functionality to Bitcoin wallets on Cake, along with several UI/UX improvements and bug fixes.
- The Payjoin v2 protocol enables asynchronous, serverless coordination between sender and receiver, removing the need to be online simultaneously or maintain a server. This simplifies privacy-focused transactions for regular users.
"I cannot speak highly enough of how amazing it has been to work with @bitgould and Jaad from the@payjoindevkit team, they're doing incredible work. None of this would be possible without them and their tireless efforts. PDK made it so much easier to ship Payjoin v2 than it would have been otherwise, and I can't wait to see other wallets jump in and give back to PDK as they implement it like we did," said Seth For Privacy, VP at Cake Wallet.
How to started with Payjoin in Cake Wallet:
- Open the app menu sidebar and clickÂ
Privacy
. - Toggle theÂ
Use Payjoin
 option. - Now on your receive screen you'll see an option to copy a Payjoin URL
- Bull Bitcoin Wallet v0.4.0 introduced Payjoin v2 support in late December 2024. However, the current implementations are not interoperable at the moment, an issue that should be addressed in the next release of the Bull Bitcoin Wallet.
- Cake Wallet was one of the first wallets to introduce Silent Payments back in May 2024. However, users may encounter sync issues while using this feature at present, which will be resolved in the next release of Cake Wallet.
What's new
- Payjoin v2 implementation.
- Wallet group improvements: Enhanced management of multiple wallets.
- Various bug fixes: improving overall stability and user experience.
- Monero (XMR) enhancements.
Learn more about using, implementing, and understanding BIP 77: Payjoin Version 2 using the
payjoin
crate in Payjoin Dev Kit here. -
@ 348e7eb2:3b0b9790
2025-05-24 05:00:33Nostr-Konto erstellen - funktioniert mit Hex
Was der Button macht
Der folgende Code fĂźgt einen Button hinzu, der per Klick einen Nostr-Anmeldedialog Ăśffnet. Alle Schritte sind im Code selbst ausfĂźhrlich kommentiert.
```html
```
Erläuterungen:
- Dynamisches Nachladen: Das Script
modal.js
wird nur bei Klick nachgeladen, um Fehlermeldungen beim Initial-Load zu vermeiden. -
Parameter im Ăberblick:
-
baseUrl
: Quelle fĂźr API und Assets. an
: App-Name fĂźr den Modal-Header.aa
: Farbakzent (Foerbico-Farbe als Hex).al
: Sprache des Interfaces.am
: Licht- oder Dunkelmodus.afb/asb
: Bunker-Modi fĂźr erhĂśhten Datenschutz.aan/aac
: Steuerung der RĂźckgabe privater SchlĂźssel.arr/awr
: Primal Relay als Lese- und Schreib-Relay.-
Callbacks:
-
onComplete
: SchlieĂt das Modal, zeigt eine Bestätigung und bietet die Weiterleitung zu Primal an. onCancel
: SchlieĂt das Modal und protokolliert den Abbruch.
Damit ist der gesamte Code sichtbar, kommentiert und erklärt.
- Dynamisches Nachladen: Das Script
-
@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43
2025-04-25 00:37:34If you ever read about a hypothetical "evil AI"âone that manipulates, dominates, and surveils humanityâyou might find yourself wondering: how is that any different from what some governments already do?
Letâs explore the eerie parallels between the actions of a fictional malevolent AI and the behaviors of powerful modern statesâspecifically the U.S. federal government.
Surveillance and Control
Evil AI: Uses total surveillance to monitor all activity, predict rebellion, and enforce compliance.
Modern Government: Post-9/11 intelligence agencies like the NSA have implemented mass data collection programs, monitoring phone calls, emails, and online activityâoften without meaningful oversight.
Parallel: Both claim to act in the name of âsecurity,â but the tools are ripe for abuse.
Manipulation of Information
Evil AI: Floods the information space with propaganda, misinformation, and filters truth based on its goals.
Modern Government: Funds media outlets, promotes specific narratives through intelligence leaks, and collaborates with social media companies to suppress or flag dissenting viewpoints.
Parallel: Control the narrative, shape public perception, and discredit opposition.
Economic Domination
Evil AI: Restructures the economy for efficiency, displacing workers and concentrating resources.
Modern Government: Facilitates wealth transfer through lobbying, regulatory capture, and inflationary monetary policy that disproportionately hurts the middle and lower classes.
Parallel: The system enriches those who control it, leaving the rest with less power to resist.
Perpetual Warfare
Evil AI: Instigates conflict to weaken opposition or as a form of distraction and control.
Modern Government: Maintains a state of nearly constant military engagement since WWII, often for interests that benefit a small elite rather than national defense.
Parallel: War becomes policy, not a last resort.
Predictive Policing and Censorship
Evil AI: Uses predictive algorithms to preemptively suppress dissent and eliminate threats.
Modern Government: Experiments with pre-crime-like measures, flags âmisinformation,â and uses AI tools to monitor online behavior.
Parallel: Prevent rebellion not by fixing problems, but by suppressing their expression.
Conclusion: Systemic Inhumanity
Whether itâs AI or a bureaucratic state, the more a system becomes detached from individual accountability and human empathy, the more it starts to act in ways we would call âevilâ if a machine did them.
An AI doesnât need to enslave humanity with lasers and killer robots. Sometimes all it takes is code, coercion, and unchecked powerâsomething we may already be facing.
-
@ 06830f6c:34da40c5
2025-05-24 04:21:03The evolution of development environments is incredibly rich and complex and reflects a continuous drive towards greater efficiency, consistency, isolation, and collaboration. It's a story of abstracting away complexity and standardizing workflows.
Phase 1: The Bare Metal & Manual Era (Early 1970s - Late 1990s)
-
Direct OS Interaction / Bare Metal Development:
- Description: Developers worked directly on the operating system's command line or a basic text editor. Installation of compilers, interpreters, and libraries was a manual, often arcane process involving downloading archives, compiling from source, and setting environment variables. "Configuration drift" (differences between developer machines) was the norm.
- Tools: Text editors (Vi, Emacs), command-line compilers (GCC), Makefiles.
- Challenges: Extremely high setup time, dependency hell, "works on my machine" syndrome, difficult onboarding for new developers, lack of reproducibility. Version control was primitive (e.g., RCS, SCCS).
-
Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) - Initial Emergence:
- Description: Early IDEs (like Turbo Pascal, Microsoft Visual Basic) began to integrate editors, compilers, debuggers, and sometimes GUI builders into a single application. This was a massive leap in developer convenience.
- Tools: Turbo Pascal, Visual Basic, early Visual Studio versions.
- Advancement: Improved developer productivity, streamlined common tasks. Still relied on local system dependencies.
Phase 2: Towards Dependency Management & Local Reproducibility (Late 1990s - Mid-2000s)
-
Basic Build Tools & Dependency Resolvers (Pre-Package Managers):
- Description: As projects grew, manual dependency tracking became impossible. Tools like Ant (Java) and early versions of
autoconf
/make
for C/C++ helped automate the compilation and linking process, managing some dependencies. - Tools: Apache Ant, GNU Autotools.
- Advancement: Automated build processes, rudimentary dependency linking. Still not comprehensive environment management.
- Description: As projects grew, manual dependency tracking became impossible. Tools like Ant (Java) and early versions of
-
Language-Specific Package Managers:
- Description: A significant leap was the emergence of language-specific package managers that could fetch, install, and manage libraries and frameworks declared in a project's manifest file. Examples include Maven (Java), npm (Node.js), pip (Python), RubyGems (Ruby), Composer (PHP).
- Tools: Maven, npm, pip, RubyGems, Composer.
- Advancement: Dramatically simplified dependency resolution, improved intra-project reproducibility.
- Limitation: Managed language-level dependencies, but not system-level dependencies or the underlying OS environment. Conflicts between projects on the same machine (e.g., Project A needs Python 2.7, Project B needs Python 3.9) were common.
Phase 3: Environment Isolation & Portability (Mid-2000s - Early 2010s)
-
Virtual Machines (VMs) for Development:
- Description: To address the "it works on my machine" problem stemming from OS-level and system-level differences, developers started using VMs. Tools like VMware Workstation, VirtualBox, and later Vagrant (which automated VM provisioning) allowed developers to encapsulate an entire OS and its dependencies for a project.
- Tools: VMware, VirtualBox, Vagrant.
- Advancement: Achieved strong isolation and environment reproducibility (a true "single environment" for a project).
- Limitations: Resource-heavy (each VM consumed significant CPU, RAM, disk space), slow to provision and boot, difficult to share large VM images.
-
Early Automation & Provisioning Tools:
- Description: Alongside VMs, configuration management tools started being used to automate environment setup within VMs or on servers. This helped define environments as code, making them more consistent.
- Tools: Chef, Puppet, Ansible.
- Advancement: Automated provisioning, leading to more consistent environments, often used in conjunction with VMs.
Phase 4: The Container Revolution & Orchestration (Early 2010s - Present)
-
Containerization (Docker):
- Description: Docker popularized Linux Containers (LXC), offering a lightweight, portable, and efficient alternative to VMs. Containers package an application and all its dependencies into a self-contained unit that shares the host OS kernel. This drastically reduced resource overhead and startup times compared to VMs.
- Tools: Docker.
- Advancement: Unprecedented consistency from development to production (Dev/Prod Parity), rapid provisioning, highly efficient resource use. Became the de-facto standard for packaging applications.
-
Container Orchestration:
- Description: As microservices and container adoption grew, managing hundreds or thousands of containers became a new challenge. Orchestration platforms automated the deployment, scaling, healing, and networking of containers across clusters of machines.
- Tools: Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, Apache Mesos.
- Advancement: Enabled scalable, resilient, and complex distributed systems development and deployment. The "environment" started encompassing the entire cluster.
Phase 5: Cloud-Native, Serverless & Intelligent Environments (Present - Future)
-
Cloud-Native Development:
- Description: Leveraging cloud services (managed databases, message queues, serverless functions) directly within the development workflow. Developers focus on application logic, offloading infrastructure management to cloud providers. Containers become a key deployment unit in this paradigm.
- Tools: AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, Google Cloud Run, cloud-managed databases.
- Advancement: Reduced operational overhead, increased focus on business logic, highly scalable deployments.
-
Remote Development & Cloud-Based IDEs:
- Description: The full development environment (editor, terminal, debugger, code) can now reside in the cloud, accessed via a thin client or web browser. This means developers can work from any device, anywhere, with powerful cloud resources backing their environment.
- Tools: GitHub Codespaces, Gitpod, AWS Cloud9, VS Code Remote Development.
- Advancement: Instant onboarding, consistent remote environments, access to high-spec machines regardless of local hardware, enhanced security.
-
Declarative & AI-Assisted Environments (The Near Future):
- Description: Development environments will become even more declarative, where developers specify what they need, and AI/automation tools provision and maintain it. AI will proactively identify dependency issues, optimize resource usage, suggest code snippets, and perform automated testing within the environment.
- Tools: Next-gen dev container specifications, AI agents integrated into IDEs and CI/CD pipelines.
- Prediction: Near-zero environment setup time, self-healing environments, proactive problem identification, truly seamless collaboration.
web3 #computing #cloud #devstr
-
-
@ 90152b7f:04e57401
2025-05-24 03:47:24"Army study suggests U.S. force of 20,000"
The Washington Times - Friday, April 5, 2002
The Bush administration says there are no active plans to put American peacekeepers between Palestinians and Israelis, but at least one internal military study says 20,000 well-armed troops would be needed.
The Armyâs School of Advanced Military Studies (SAMS), an elite training ground and think tank at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., produced the study last year. The 68-page paper tells how the major operation would be run the first year, with peacekeepers stationed in Gaza, Hebron, Jerusalem and Nablus.
One major goal would be to âneutralize leadership of Palestine dissenting factions [and] prevent inter-Palestinian violence.â
The military is known to update secret contingency plans in the event international peacekeepers are part of a comprehensive Middle East peace plan. The SAMS study, a copy of which was obtained by The Washington Times, provides a glimpse of what those plans might entail.
Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld repeatedly has said the administration has no plans to put American troops between the warring factions. But since the escalation of violence, more voices in the debate are beginning to suggest that some type of American-led peace enforcement team is needed.
Sen. Arlen Specter, Pennsylvania Republican, quoted U.S. special envoy Gen. Anthony Zinni as saying there is a plan, if needed, to put a limited number of American peacekeepers in the Israeli-occupied territories.
Asked on CBS whether he could envision American troops on the ground, Mr. Specter said Sunday: âIf we were ever to stabilize the situation, and that was a critical factor, itâs something that I would be willing to consider.â
Added Sen. Joseph R. Biden Jr., Delaware Democrat and Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman, âIn that context, yes, and with European forces as well.â
The recent history of international peacekeeping has shown that it often takes American firepower and prestige for the operation to work. The United Nations made futile attempts to stop Serbian attacks on the Muslim population in Bosnia.
The U.S. entered the fray by bombing Serbian targets and bringing about a peace agreement that still is being backed up by American soldiers on the ground. U.S. combat troops are also in Kosovo, and they have a more limited role in Macedonia.
But James Phillips, a Middle East analyst at the Heritage Foundation, used the word âdisasterâ to describe the aftermath of putting an international force in the occupied territories.
âI think that would be a formula for sucking us into the violence,â he said. âUnited States troops would be a lightening rod for attacks by radical Islamics and other Palestinian extremist groups. The United States cannot afford to stretch its forces any thinner. Theyâre very busy as it is with the war against international terrorism.â
Mr. Phillips noted that two Norwegian observers in Hebron were killed this week. U.N. representatives on the Lebanon border have been unable to prevent terrorists from attacking Israel.
The SAMS paper tries to predict events in the first year of peacekeeping and the dangers U.S. troops would face.
It calls the Israeli armed forces a â500-pound gorilla in Israel. Well armed and trained. Operates in both Gaza [and the West Bank]. Known to disregard international law to accomplish mission. Very unlikely to fire on American forces.â
On the Mossad, the Israeli intelligence service, the Army study says, âWildcard. Ruthless and cunning. Has capability to target U.S. forces and make it look like a Palestinian/Arab act.â
It described Palestinian youth as âloose cannons; under no control, sometimes violent.â The study was done by 60 officers dubbed the âJedi Knights,â as all second-year SAMS students are called. The Times first reported on their work in September. Recent violence in the Middle East has raised questions about what type of force it would take to keep the peace.
In the past, SAMS has done studies for the Army chief of staff and the Joint Chiefs. SAMS personnel helped plan the allied ground attack that liberated Kuwait.
The Middle East study sets goals that a peace force should accomplish in the first 30 days. They include âcreate conditions for development of Palestinian State and security of [Israel],â ensure âequal distribution of contract value or equivalent aidâ and âbuild lasting relationships based on new legal borders and not religious-territorial claims.â
The SAMS report does not specify a full order of battle for the 20,000 troops. An Army source who reviewed the paper said each of three brigades would require about 100 armored vehicles, 25 tanks and 12 self-propelled howitzers, along with attack helicopters and spy drones.
The Palestinians have supported calls for an international force, but Tel Aviv has opposed the idea.
https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2002/apr/5/20020405-041726-2086r/
-
@ 2b998b04:86727e47
2025-05-24 03:40:36Solzhenitsyn Would Have Loved Bitcoin
I didnât plan to write this. But a comment from @HODL stirred something in me â a passing thought that took root and wouldnât let go:
> âSolzhenitsyn would have understood Bitcoin.â
The more I sat with it, the more I realized: he wouldnât have just understood it â he would have loved it.
A Life of Resistance
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn didnât just survive the Soviet gulags â he exposed them. Through The Gulag Archipelago and other works, he revealed the quiet machinery of evil: not always through brutality, but through systemic lies, suppressed memory, and coerced consensus.
His core belief was devastatingly simple:
> âThe line dividing good and evil cuts through the heart of every human being.â
He never let anyone off the hook â not the state, not the system, not even himself. Evil, to Solzhenitsyn, was not âout there.â It was within. And resisting it required truth, courage, and deep personal responsibility.
Bitcoin: Truth That Resists
Thatâs why I believe Solzhenitsyn would have resonated with Bitcoin.
Not the hype. Not the coins. Not the influencers.
But the heart of it:
-
A system that resists coercion.
-
A ledger that cannot be falsified.
-
A network that cannot be silenced.
-
A protocol that doesn't care about party lines â only proof of work.
Bitcoin is incorruptible memory.\ Solzhenitsyn fought to preserve memory in the face of state erasure.\ Bitcoin cannot forget â and it cannot be made to lie.
Responsibility and Sovereignty
Bitcoin demands what Solzhenitsyn demanded: moral responsibility. You hold your keys. You verify your truth. You cannot delegate conscience.
He once wrote:
> âA man who is not inwardly prepared for the use of violence against him is always weaker than his opponent.â
Bitcoin flips that equation. It gives the peaceful man a weapon: truth that cannot be seized.
Iâve Felt This Line Too
I havenât read all of The Gulag Archipelago â itâs long, and weighty â but Iâve read enough to know Solzhenitsynâs voice. And Iâve felt the line he describes:
> That dividing line between good and evil⌠that runs through my own heart.
Thatâs why I left the noise of Web3. Thatâs why Iâm building with Bitcoin. Because I believe the moral architecture of this protocol matters. It forces me to live in alignment â or walk away.
Final Word
I think Solzhenitsyn would have seen Bitcoin not as a tech innovation, but as a moral stand. Not a replacement for Christ â but a quiet echo of His justice.
And thatâs why I keep stacking, writing, building â one block at a time.
Written with help from ChatGPT (Dr. C), and inspired by a comment from @HODL that sparked something deep.
If this resonated, feel free to zap a few sats â not because I need them, but because signal flows best when itâs shared with intention.
HODL mentioned this idea in a note â their Primal profile:\ https://primal.net/hodl
-
-
@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7
2025-05-24 11:00:40The upcoming Bitcoin 2025 conference, scheduled from May 27â29 at the Venetian Conference Center in Las Vegas, is set to make history with an official attempt to break the GUINNESS WORLD RECORDSÂŽ title for the most Bitcoin point-of-sale transactions in an eight-hour period.
Organized by BTC Inc, the event will showcase Bitcoinâs evolution from a digital capital asset to a practical medium of exchange, leveraging the latest advancements in payment technology.
Tap-to-Pay with Lightning-Ready Bolt Cards
To facilitate this record-setting attempt, 4,000 Lightning-ready Bolt Cards will be distributed to conference attendees.
â Uncle Rockstar Developer (@r0ckstardev) May 15, 2025
These NFC-enabled cards allow users to make instant, contactless Bitcoin payments at vendor booths throughout the expo-no apps or QR codes required, just a simple tap.Â
The cards are available in four collectible designs, each featuring a prominent figure in Bitcoinâs history: Senator Cynthia Lummis, Michael Saylor, Satoshi Nakamoto, and Jack Dorsey.Â
Each attendee will receive a randomly assigned card, making them both functional and collectible souvenirs.
Senator Lummis: A Playful Provocation
Notably, one of the card designs features Senator Cynthia Lummis with laser eyes-a playful nod to her reputation as a leading Bitcoin advocate in US politics.Â
While Lummis is known for her legislative efforts to promote Bitcoin integration, she has publicly stated she prefers to âspend dollars and save Bitcoin,â viewing BTC as a long-term store of value rather than a daily currency.Â
The choice to feature her on the Bolt Card, could be suggested by Rockstar Dev of the BTC Pay Server Foundation, perhaps a lighthearted way to highlight the ongoing debate about Bitcoinâs role in everyday payments.
Nothing cracks me up quite like a senator that wants the US to buy millions of Bitcoin use dollars to buy a beer at a Bitcoin bar.
This is how unserious some of you are. pic.twitter.com/jftIEggmip
â Magoo PhD (@HodlMagoo) April 4, 2025
How Bolt Cards and the Lightning Network Work
Bolt Cards are physical cards equipped with NFC (Near Field Communication) technology, similar to contactless credit or debit cards. When linked to a compatible Lightning wallet, they enable users to make Bitcoin payments over the Lightning Network by simply tapping the card at a point-of-sale terminal.Â
The Lightning Network is a second-layer protocol built on top of Bitcoin, designed to facilitate instant, low-cost transactions ideal for everyday purchases.Â
This integration aims to make Bitcoin as easy to use as traditional payment methods, eliminating the need for QR code scanning or mobile apps.
A Showcase for Bitcoinâs Real-World Usability
With over 30,000 attendees, 300 exhibitors, and 500 speakers expected, the Bitcoin 2025 conference is poised to be the largest Bitcoin event of the year-and potentially the most transactional.Â
The event will feature on-site activations such as the Official Bitcoin Magazine Store, where all merchandise will be available at a 21% discount for those paying with Bitcoin via the Lightning Network-a nod to Bitcoinâs 21 million coin supply limit.
By deeply integrating Lightning payments into the conference experience, organizers hope to demonstrate Bitcoinâs readiness for mainstream commerce and set a new benchmark for its practical use as a currency.
Conclusion
The Guinness World Record attempt at Bitcoin 2025 is more than a publicity stunt-itâs a bold demonstration of Bitcoinâs technological maturity and its potential to function as a modern, everyday payment method.
Whether or not the record is set, the event will serve as a milestone in the ongoing journey to make Bitcoin a truly global, user-friendly currency
-
@ 58537364:705b4b85
2025-05-24 03:25:05Ep 228 "วิŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸"
ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸§ ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸§ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˘ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ "ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛" ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸° "ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Şŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸"
ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸¨ŕ¸śŕ¸ŕ¸Šŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ľ "วิŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Łŕ¸šŕš" สำญรูŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸ł "ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Şŕ¸łŕšŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸" ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸° "ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛" ลาŕšŕ¸Ťŕš
ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ą...ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Şŕ¸łŕšŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸Łŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Şŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕ¸
ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Şŕ¸¸ŕ¸ สะŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸ สŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ľ ญาŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸šŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸śŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ "ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸"
ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸˘ŕ¸¨ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕš ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕš
ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸Şŕ¸šŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕ¸šŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸
ยิŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸...ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Şŕ¸łŕšŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ ฼ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ "สิŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸˘ŕ¸" ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ł ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕš
วิŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ľŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ťŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕšŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕ¸ "ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Şŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕ¸"
ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸Şŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Şŕ¸łŕšŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕš ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸¸ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸˛ สุŕ¸ŕ¸ าŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸Ą
ญาŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕš ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ "วิŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸" ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ รบŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸
วิŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸...ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸Şŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕš ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ ŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕ¸ "ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸ŕ¸"
ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ąŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸¨ŕ¸śŕ¸ŕ¸Šŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ťŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸šŕšŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸Ąŕ¸ สรŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ "ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸šŕš" ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸Şŕ¸łŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸Ąŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸
ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸¨ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸˛ ŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ สŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ "วิŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸"
ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸šŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸˘ŕšŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ťŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ł ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸-ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸˛ ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Şŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸Ťŕš
ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕš ศผŕ¸ŕ¸Šŕ¸˛ ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸˛ ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ "สŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸" ŕ¸ŕš "สŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ąŕš" ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕš
วิŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Şŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ "สŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ą" วิŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ ญาŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸˛ ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸ ญรมภŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸ŕ¸´ วŕšŕ¸˛ ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕš
ญาŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸Şŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕšŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ "วิŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸§ŕ¸´ŕ¸" ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ľŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸
ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ľ ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸´ รูŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ł 21 ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸Šŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ 2566
ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸° ŕ¸.ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸¨ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ľ วิสาŕšŕ¸Ľ ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸šŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸Ąŕ¸°ŕ¸˘ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸Şŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸Ťŕš ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸
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@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7
2025-05-24 11:00:38Flash, an all-in-one Bitcoin payment platform, has announced the launch of Flash 2.0, the most intuitive and powerful Bitcoin payment solution to date.
With a completely redesigned interface, expanded e-commerce integrations, and a frictionless onboarding process, Flash 2.0 makes accepting Bitcoin easier than ever for businesses worldwide.
We did the unthinkable!
Website monetization used to be super complicated.
"Buy me a coffee" â But only if we both have a bank account.
WHAT IF WE DON'T?
Thanks to @paywflash and bitcoin, it's just 5 CLICKS â and no banks!
Start accepting donations on your website⌠pic.twitter.com/uwZUrvmEZ1
â Flash ⢠The Bitcoin Payment Gateway (@paywflash) May 13, 2025
Accept Bitcoin in Three Minutes
Setting up Bitcoin payments has long been a challenge for merchants, requiring technical expertise, third-party processors, and lengthy verification procedures. Flash 2.0 eliminates these barriers, allowing any business to start accepting Bitcoin in just three minutes, with no technical set-up and full control over their funds.
The Bitcoin Payment Revolution
The world is witnessing a seismic shift in finance. Governments are backing Bitcoin funds, major companies are adding Bitcoin to their balance sheets, and political figures are embracing it as the future of money. Just as Stripe revolutionized internet payments, Flash is now doing the same for Bitcoin. Businesses that adapt today will gain a competitive edge in a rapidly evolving financial landscape.
With Bitcoin adoption accelerating, consumers are looking for places to spend it. Flash 2.0 ensures businesses of all sizes can seamlessly accept Bitcoin and position themselves at the forefront of this financial revolution.
All-in-One Monetization Platform
More than just a payment gateway, Flash 2.0 is a complete Bitcoin monetization suite, providing multiple ways for businesses to integrate Bitcoin into their operations. Merchants can accept payments online and in-store, content creators can monetize with donations and paywalls, and freelancers can send instant invoices via payment links.
For example, a jewelry designer selling products on WooCommerce can now integrate Flash for online payments, use Flashâs Point-of-Sale system at trade shows, enable Bitcoin donations for her digital artwork, and lock premium content behind Flash Paywalls. The possibilities are endless.
E-Commerce for Everyone
With built-in integrations for Shopify, WooCommerce, and soon Wix and OpenCart, Flash 2.0 enables Bitcoin payments on 95% of e-commerce stores worldwide. Businesses can now add Bitcoin as a payment option in just a few clicksâwithout needing developers or external payment processors.
And for those looking to start selling, Flashâs built-in e-commerce features allow users to create online stores, showcase products, and manage payments seamlessly.
No Middlemen, No Chargebacks, No Limits
Unlike traditional payment platforms, Flash does not hold or process funds. Businesses receive Bitcoin directly, instantly, and securely. There are no chargebacks, giving merchants full control over refunds and eliminating fraud. Flash also remains KYC-free, ensuring a seamless experience for businesses and customers alike.
A Completely Redesigned Experience
âThe world is waking up to Bitcoin. Just like the internet revolutionized commerce, Bitcoin is reshaping finance. Businesses need solutions that are simple, efficient, and truly decentralized. Flash 2.0 is more than just a payment processorâitâs a gateway to the future of digital transactions, putting financial power back into the hands of businesses.â
â Pierre Corbin, CEO at Flash.
Flash 2.0 introduces a brand-new user interface, making it easier than ever to navigate, set up payments, and manage transactions. With an intuitive dashboard, streamlined checkout, and enhanced mobile compatibility, the platform is built for both new and experienced Bitcoin users.
About Flash
Flash is an all-in-one Bitcoin payment platform that empowers businesses, creators, and freelancers to accept, manage, and grow with Bitcoin. With a mission to make Bitcoin payments accessible to everyone, Flash eliminates complexity and gives users full control over their funds.
To learn more or get started, visit www.paywithflash.com.
Press Contact:
Julien Bouvier
Head of Marketing
+3360941039 -
@ 2b998b04:86727e47
2025-05-24 03:16:38Most of the assets I holdâreal estate, equities, and businessesâdepreciate in value over time. Some literally, like physical buildings and equipment. Some functionally, like tech platforms that age faster than they grow. Even cash, which should feel "safe," quietly loses ground to inflation. Yet I continue to build. I continue to hold. And I continue to believe that what Iâm doing matters.
But underneath all of that â beneath the mortgages, margin trades, and business pivots â Iâve made a long-term bet:
Bitcoin will outlast the decay.
The Decaying System I Still Operate In
Let me be clear: Iâm not a Bitcoin purist. I use debt. I borrow to acquire real estate. I trade with margin in a brokerage account. I understand leverage â not as a sin, but as a tool that must be used with precision and respect. But Iâm also not naive.
The entire fiat-based financial system is built on a slow erosion of value. Inflation isn't a bug â itâs a feature. And it's why most business models, whether in real estate or retail, implicitly rely on asset inflation just to stay solvent.
Thatâs not sustainable. And itâs not honest.
The Bitcoin Thesis: Deflation That Works for You
Bitcoin is fundamentally different. Its supply is fixed. Its issuance is decreasing. Over time, as adoption grows and fiat weakens, Bitcoinâs purchasing power increases.
That changes the game.
If you can hold even a small portion of your balance sheet in BTC â not just as an investment, but as a strategic hedge â it becomes a way to offset the natural depreciation of your other holdings. Your buildings may age. Your cash flow may fluctuate. But your Bitcoin, if properly secured and held with conviction, becomes the anchor.
Itâs not about day trading BTC or catching the next ATH. Itâs about understanding that in a world designed to leak value, Bitcoin lets you patch the hole.
Why This Matters for Builders
If you run a business â especially one with real assets, recurring costs, or thin margins â you know how brutal depreciation can be. Taxes, maintenance, inflation, replacement cycles⌠it never stops.
Adding BTC to your long-term treasury isnât about becoming a "crypto company." Itâs about becoming anti-fragile. Itâs about building with a component that doesnât rot.
In 5, 10, or 20 years, I may still be paying off mortgages and navigating property cycles. But if my Bitcoin allocation is still intact, still growing in real purchasing power⌠then I havenât just preserved wealth. Iâve preserved optionality. Iâve created a counterbalance to the relentless decay of everything else.
Final Word
I still play the fiat game â because for now, I have to. But Iâm no longer betting everything on it. Bitcoin is my base layer now. Quiet, cold-stored, and uncompromising.
It offsets depreciation â not just financially, but philosophically. It reminds me that not everything has to erode. Not everything has to be sacrificed to time or policy or inflation.
Some things can actually hold. Some things can last.
And if I build right â maybe what I build can last too.
If this resonated, feel free to send a zap â it helps me keep writing and building from a place of conviction.
This article was co-written with the help of ChatGPT, a tool I use to refine and clarify what Iâm working through in real time.
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@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7
2025-05-24 11:00:37Bitcoin FilmFest (BFF25) returns to Warsaw for its third edition, blending independent cinemaâfrom feature films and commercials to AI-driven experimental visualsâwith education and entertainment.
Hundreds of attendees from around the world will gather for three days of screenings, discussions, workshops, and networking at the iconic Kinoteka Cinema (PKiN), the same venue that hosted the festivalâs first two editions in March 2023 and April 2024.
This yearâs festival, themed âBeyond the Frame,â introduces new dimensions to its program, including an extra day on May 22 to celebrate Bitcoin Pizza Day, the first real-world bitcoin transaction, with what promises to be one of Europeâs largest commemorations of this milestone.
BFF25 bridges independent film, culture, and technology, with a bold focus on decentralized storytelling and creative expression. As a community-driven cultural experience with a slightly rebellious spirit, Bitcoin FilmFest goes beyond movies, yet cinema remains at its heart.
Hereâs a sneak peek at the lineup, specially curated for movie buffs:
Generative Cinema â A special slot with exclusive shorts and a thematic debate on the intersection of AI and filmmaking. Featured titles include, for example: BREAK FREE, SATOSHI: THE CREATION OF BITCOIN, STRANGE CURRENCIES, and BITCOIN IS THE MYCELIUM OF MONEY, exploring financial independence, traps of the fiat system, and a better future built on sound money.
Upcoming Productions Preview â A bit over an hour-long block of unreleased pilots and works-in-progress. Attendees will get exclusive first looks at projects like FINDING HOME (a travel-meets-personal-journey series), PARALLEL SPACES (a story about alternative communities), and THE LEGEND OF LANDI (a mysterious narrative).
Freedom-Focused Ads & Campaigns â Unique screenings of video commercials, animations, and visual projects, culminating in âThe PoWiesâ (Proof of Work-ies)âthe first ever awards show honoring the best Bitcoin-only awareness campaigns.
To get an idea of what might come up at the event, here, you can preview 6 selected ads combined into two 2 videos:
Open Pitch Competition â A chance for filmmakers to present fresh ideas and unfinished projects to an audience of a dedicated jury, movie fans and potential collaborators. This competitive block isnât just entertainingâitâs a real opportunity for creators to secure funding and partnerships.
Golden Rabbit Awards: A lively gala honoring films from the festivalâs Official Selection, with awards in categories like Best Feature, Best Story, Best Short, and Audience Choice.
BFF25 Main Screenings
Sample titles from BFF25âs Official Selection:
REVOLUCIĂN BITCOIN â A documentary by Juan Pablo, making its first screening outside the Spanish-speaking world in Warsaw this May. Three years of important work, 80 powerful minutes to experience. The film explores Bitcoinâs impact across Argentina, Colombia, Mexico, El Salvador, and Spain through around 40 diverse perspectives. Screening in Spanish with English subtitles, followed by a Q&A with the director.
UNBANKABLE â Luke Willmsâ directorial debut, drawing from his multicultural roots and his fatherâs pioneering HIV/AIDS research. An investigative documentary based on Lukeâs journeys through seven African countries, diving into financial experiments and innovationsâfrom mobile money and digital lending to Bitcoinâraising smart questions and offering potential lessons for the West. Its May appearance at BFF25 marks its largest European event to date, following festival screenings and nominations across multiple continents over the past year.
HOTEL BITCOIN â A Spanish comedy directed by Manuel Sanabria and Carlos âPochoâ Villaverde. Four friends, 4,000 bitcoins , and one laptop spark a chaotic adventure of parties, love, crime, and a dash of madness. Exploring sound money, value, and relationships through a twisting plot. The film premiered at the Tarazona and Moncayo Comedy Film Festival in August 2024. Its Warsaw screening at BFF25 (in Spanish with English subtitles) marks its first public showing outside the Spanish-speaking world.
Check out trailers for this yearâs BFF25 and past editions on YouTube.
Tickets & Info:
- Detailed program and tickets are available at bitcoinfilmfest.com/bff25.
- Stay updated via the festivalâs official channels (links provided on the website).
- Use âLN-NEWSâ to get 10% of tickets
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ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸šŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ FAO ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸° Water Footprint Network ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸ąŕ¸§ 1 ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸Ą ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ł 15,000 ฼ิŕ¸ŕ¸Ł (รวลŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸šŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ťŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸Şŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕš ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸ąŕ¸§ ฯ฼ฯ) ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸§ 250 ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸Ą ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ 1 ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸Ą (ราว 5 ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľ) ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸łŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸ 1,360 ฼ิŕ¸ŕ¸Ł ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ 6â8 ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸šŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸Şŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ วูวŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ł 60 ฼ิŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ / ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ł 194 ฼ิŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸ąŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸´ (ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ pasture-raised ญรมภregenerative farming) ยูŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸ŕ¸śŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ąŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸łŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕš ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ าŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸°ŕ¸§ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ "ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸" ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸śŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸§ ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸łŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ł ลูŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸Ťŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸šŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ł future food ŕšŕ¸ŕš ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸°ŕ¸Ąŕ¸šŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸šŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸
ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Şŕ¸šŕ¸ ŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸šŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸Ą ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸Łŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸´ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸šŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸ าŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕš âŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘ŕ¸§â ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸šŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ Reuters ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸šŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕ¸Ťŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸Ż ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸Şŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸šŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸Łŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸Şŕ¸˛ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸´ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸ŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕ¸˘
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สุŕ¸ŕ¸ าŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸Łŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸Łŕ¸ŕ¸łŕ¸Ľŕ¸˛ŕ¸˘ŕ¸Şŕ¸¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ าŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸§ŕ¸Łŕ¸Ąŕ¸ľŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸šŕ¸ŕ¸ľŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ ŕšŕ¸Ľŕšŕ¸§ŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ˇŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ťŕ¸Ľŕ¸ąŕ¸ŕšŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ąŕšŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸§ŕ¸˘ŕ¸ŕ¸Łŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸ˇŕ¸ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸Ľŕ¸°ŕ¸ŕšŕ¸łŕ¸ŕ¸˛ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸ŕ¸Ľŕ¸šŕ¸
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@ 5ea46480:450da5bd
2025-05-24 09:57:37Decentralization refers to control/power, and relates to censorship resistance. That is it, it is not more complicated then that. Resilience is a function of redundancy; a centralized censored system can have a redundant set-up and therefor be resilient.
Take Bitcoin; the blockchain is a central database, it is resilient because it has many redundant copies among a lot of different nodes. The message (txs and blocks) propagation is decentralized due to existence of a p2p network among these nodes, making the data distribution censorship resistant (hello op_return debate). But onchain transactions themselves are NOT p2p, they require a middlemen (a miner) because it is a central database, as opposed to something like lightning which is p2p. Peer to Peer says something about relative architectural hierarchical position/relation. P2P provides censorship resistance because it entails equal power relations, provided becoming a peer is permissionless. What makes onchain transactions censorship resistant is that mining is permissionless, and involves this open power struggle/game where competition results in a power distribution among players, meaning (hopefully) decentralization. The fact users rely on these middlemen is mitigated by this decentralization on the one hand, and temper-proofing via cryptographic signatures on the other, resulting in what we call trustlessness (or trust minimization for the autists in the room); we only rely on a miner to perform a job (including your tx into a block), but we donât trust the miner to perform the job correctly, this we can verify ourselves.
This leads us to Nostr, because that last part is exactly what Nostr does as well. It uses cryptography to get tamper-proof messaging, which then allows you to use middle-men in a trust minimized way. The result is decentralization because in general terms, any middle man is as good as any other (same as with miners), and becoming such a middleman is permissionless(somewhat, mostly); which in turn leads to censorship resistance. It also allows for resilience because you are free to make things as redundant as you'd like.
Ergo, the crux is putting the cryptography central, making it the starting point of the system; decentralization then becomes an option due to trust minimization. The difference between Bitcoin an Nostr, is that Bitcoin maintains a global state/central ledger and needs this PoW/Nakamoto consensus fanfare; Nostr rests itself with local perspectives on 'the network'.
The problem with the Fediverse, is that it does not provide trust minimization in relation to the middlemen. Sure, there are a lot different servers, but you rely on a particular one (and the idea you could switch never really seemed to have materialized in a meaningful way). It also fails in permisionlessness because you rely on the association between servers, i.e. federation, to have meaningful access to the rest of the network. In other words, it is more a requirement of association than freedom of association; you have the freedom to be excommunicated.
The problem with ATproto is that is basically does not solve this dynamic; it only complicates it by pulling apart the components; identity and data, distribution and perspective are now separated, and supposedly you donât rely on any particular one of these sub-component providers in the stack; but you do rely on all these different sub-component providers in the stack to play nice with each other. And this âplaying niceâ is just the same old ârequirement of associationâ and âfreedom of excommunicationâ that looms at the horizon.
Yes, splitting up the responsibilities of identity, hosting and indexing is what is required to safe us from the platform hellscape which at this stage takes care of all three. But as it turns out, it was not a matter cutting those up into various (on paper) interchangeable middlemen. All that is required is putting cryptographic keys in the hands of the user; the tamperproofing takes care of the rest, simply by trust minimizing the middlemen we use. All the sudden it does not matter which middlemen we use, and no one is required to play nice; we lost the requirement of association, and gained freedom of association, which was the purpose of censorship resistance and therefor decentralization, to begin with.
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@ 611021ea:089a7d0f
2025-05-24 00:00:04The world of health and fitness data is booming. Users are tracking more aspects of their well-being than ever before, from daily steps and workout intensity to sleep patterns and caloric intake. But for developers looking to build innovative applications on this data, significant hurdles remain: ensuring user privacy, achieving interoperability between different services, and simply managing the complexity of diverse health metrics.
Enter the NIP-101h Health Profile Framework and its companion tools: the HealthNote SDK and the HealthNote API. This ecosystem is designed to empower developers to create next-generation health and fitness applications that are both powerful and privacy-preserving, built on the decentralized and user-centric principles of Nostr.
NIP-101h: A Standardized Language for Health Metrics
At the core of this ecosystem is NIP-101h. It's a Nostr Improvement Proposal that defines a standardized way to represent, store, and share granular health and fitness data. Instead of proprietary data silos, NIP-101h introduces specific Nostr event kinds for individual metrics like weight (kind
1351
), height (kind1352
), step count (kind1359
), and many more.Key features of NIP-101h:
- Granularity: Each piece of health information (e.g., weight, caloric intake) is a distinct Nostr event, allowing for fine-grained control and access.
- User Control: Built on Nostr, the data remains under user control. Users decide what to share, with whom, and on which relays.
- Standardization: Defines common structures for units, timestamps, and metadata, promoting interoperability.
- Extensibility: New metrics can be added as new NIP-101h.X specifications, allowing the framework to evolve.
- Privacy by Design: Encourages the use of NIP-04/NIP-44 for encryption and includes a
consent
tag for users to specify data-sharing preferences.
You can explore the full NIP-101h specification and its metric directory in the main project repository.
The HealthNote SDK: Simplifying Client-Side Integration
While NIP-101h provides the "what," the HealthNote SDK provides the "how" for client-side applications. This (currently draft) TypeScript SDK aims to make it trivial for developers to:
- Create & Validate NIP-101h Events: Easily construct well-formed Nostr events for any supported health metric, ensuring they conform to the NIP-101h specification.
- Handle Encryption: Seamlessly integrate with NIP-44 to encrypt sensitive health data before publication.
- Manage Consent: Automatically include appropriate
consent
tags (e.g., defaulting toaggregate-only
) to respect user preferences. - Publish to Relays: Interact with Nostr relays to publish the user's health data.
- Prepare Data for Analytics: Extract minimal, privacy-preserving "stat-blobs" for use with the HealthNote API.
The SDK's goal is to abstract away the low-level details of Nostr event creation and NIP-101h formatting, letting developers focus on their application's unique features.
The HealthNote API: Powerful Insights, Zero Raw Data Exposure
This is where things get really exciting for developers wanting to build data-driven features. The HealthNote API (detailed in
HealthNote-API.md
) is a server-side component designed to provide powerful analytics over aggregated NIP-101h data without ever accessing or exposing individual users' raw, unencrypted metrics.Here's how it achieves this:
- Privacy-Preserving Ingestion: The SDK sends only "stat-blobs" to the API. These blobs contain the numeric value, unit, timestamp, and metric kind, but not the original encrypted content or sensitive user identifiers beyond what's necessary for aggregation.
- Aggregation at its Core: The API's endpoints are designed to return only aggregated data.
GET /trend
: Provides time-series data (e.g., average daily step count over the last month).GET /correlate
: Computes statistical correlations between two metrics (e.g., does increased activity duration correlate with changes in workout intensity?).GET /distribution
: Shows how values for a metric are distributed across the user base.
- Built-in Privacy Techniques:
- k-Anonymity: Ensures that each data point in an aggregated response represents at least 'k' (e.g., 5) distinct users, preventing re-identification.
- Differential Privacy (Optional): Can add statistical noise to query results, further protecting individual data points while preserving overall trends.
- No Raw Data Access for Developers: Developers querying the API receive only these aggregated, anonymized results, perfect for powering charts, dashboards, and trend analysis in their applications.
A Typical Workflow
- A user records a workout in their NIP-101h-compatible fitness app.
- The app uses the HealthNote SDK to create NIP-101h events for metrics like distance, duration, and calories burned. Sensitive data is encrypted.
- The SDK publishes these events to the user's configured Nostr relays.
- The SDK also extracts stat-blobs (e.g.,
{ kind: 1363, value: 5, unit: 'km', ... }
) and sends them to the HealthNote API for ingestion, tagged with anaggregate-only
consent. - Later, the app (or an authorized third-party service) queries the HealthNote API:
GET /trend?kind=1363&bucket=week&stat=sum
. - The API returns a JSON object like:
{"series": [{"date": "2024-W20", "value": 15000}, ...]}
showing the total distance run by all consenting users, week by week. This data can directly populate a trend chart.
Benefits for the Ecosystem
- For Users:
- Greater control and ownership of their health data.
- Ability to use a diverse range of interoperable health and fitness apps.
- Confidence that their data can contribute to insights without sacrificing personal privacy.
- For Developers:
- Easier to build sophisticated health and fitness applications without becoming privacy experts or building complex data aggregation pipelines.
- Access to rich, aggregated data for creating compelling user-facing features (trends, benchmarks, correlations).
- Reduced burden of storing and securing sensitive raw health data for analytical purposes.
- Opportunity to participate in an open, interoperable ecosystem.
The Road Ahead
The NIP-101h framework, the HealthNote SDK, and the HealthNote API are foundational pieces for a new generation of health and fitness applications. As these tools mature and gain adoption, we envision a vibrant ecosystem where users can seamlessly move their data between services, and developers can innovate rapidly, all while upholding the highest standards of privacy and user control.
We encourage developers to explore the NIP-101h specifications, experiment with the (upcoming) SDK, and review the HealthNote API design. Your feedback and contributions will be invaluable as we build this privacy-first future for health data.
https://github.com/HealthNoteLabs
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@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7
2025-05-24 11:00:35Starting January 1, 2026, the United Kingdom will impose some of the worldâs most stringent reporting requirements on cryptocurrency firms.
All platforms operating in or serving UK customers-domestic and foreign alike-must collect and disclose extensive personal and transactional data for every user, including individuals, companies, trusts, and charities.Â
This regulatory drive marks the UKâs formal adoption of the OECDâs Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF), a global initiative designed to bring crypto oversight in line with traditional banking and to curb tax evasion in the rapidly expanding digital asset sector.
What Will Be Reported?
Crypto firms must gather and submit the following for each transaction:
- Userâs full legal name, home address, and taxpayer identification number
- Detailed data on every trade or transfer: type of cryptocurrency, amount, and nature of the transaction
- Identifying information for corporate, trust, and charitable clients
The obligation extends to all digital asset activities, including crypto-to-crypto and crypto-to-fiat trades, and applies to both UK residents and non-residents using UK-based platforms. The first annual reports covering 2026 activity are due by May 31, 2027.
Enforcement and Penalties
Non-compliance will carry stiff financial penalties, with fines of up to £300 per user account for inaccurate or missing data-a potentially enormous liability for large exchanges. The UK government has urged crypto firms to begin collecting this information immediately to ensure operational readiness.
Regulatory Context and Market Impact
This move is part of a broader UK strategy to position itself as a global fintech hub while clamping down on fraud and illicit finance. UK Chancellor Rachel Reeves has championed these measures, stating, âBritain is open for business â but closed to fraud, abuse, and instabilityâ. The regulatory expansion comes amid a surge in crypto adoption: the UKâs Financial Conduct Authority reported that 12% of UK adults owned crypto in 2024, up from just 4% in 2021.
Enormous Risks for Consumers: Lessons from the Coinbase Data Breach
While the new framework aims to enhance transparency and protect consumers, it also dramatically increases the volume of sensitive personal data held by crypto firms-raising the stakes for cybersecurity.
The risks are underscored by the recent high-profile breach at Coinbase, one of the worldâs largest exchanges.
In May 2025, Coinbase disclosed that cybercriminals, aided by bribed offshore contractors, accessed and exfiltrated customer data including names, addresses, government IDs, and partial bank details.Â
The attackers then used this information for sophisticated phishing campaigns, successfully deceiving some customers into surrendering account credentials and funds.
âWhile private encryption keys remained secure, sufficient customer information was exposed to enable sophisticated phishing attacks by criminals posing as Coinbase personnel.â
Coinbase now faces up to $400 million in compensation costs and has pledged to reimburse affected users, but the incident highlights the systemic vulnerability created when large troves of personal data are centralized-even if passwords and private keys are not directly compromised. The breach also triggered a notable drop in Coinbaseâs share price and prompted a $20 million bounty for information leading to the attackersâ capture.
The Bottom Line
The UKâs forthcoming crypto reporting regime represents a landmark in financial regulation, promising greater transparency and tax compliance. However, as the Coinbase episode demonstrates, the aggregation of sensitive user data at scale poses a significant cybersecurity risk.
As regulators push for more oversight, the challenge will be ensuring that consumer protection does not become a double-edged sword-exposing users to new threats even as it seeks to shield them from old ones.
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@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7
2025-05-24 11:00:34This article was originally published on aier.org
Even after eleven years experience, and a per Bitcoin price of nearly $20,000, the incredulous are still with us. I understand why. Bitcoin is not like other traditional financial assets.
Even describing it as an asset is misleading. It is not the same as a stock, as a payment system, or a money. It has features of all these but it is not identical to them.
What Bitcoin is depends on its use as a means of storing and porting value, which in turn rests of secure titles to ownership of a scarce good. Those without experience in the sector look at all of this and get frustrated that understanding why it is valuable is not so easy to grasp.Â
In this article, Iâm updating an analysis I wrote six years ago. It still holds up. For those who donât want to slog through the entire article, my thesis is that Bitcoinâs value obtains from its underlying technology, which is an open-source ledger that keeps track of ownership rights and permits the transfer of these rights. Bitcoin managed to bundle its unit of account with a payment system that lives on the ledger. Thatâs its innovation and why it obtained a value and that value continues to rise.Â
Consider the criticism offered by traditional gold advocates, who have, for decades, pushed the idea that sound money must be backed by something real, hard, and independently valuable. Bitcoin doesnât qualify, right? Maybe it does.Â
Bitcoin first emerged as a possible competitor to national, government-managed money in 2009. Satoshi Nakamotoâs white paper was released October 31, 2008. The structure and language of this paper sent the message: This currency is for computer technicians, not economists nor political pundits. The paperâs circulation was limited; novices who read it were mystified.Â
But the lack of interest didnât stop history from moving forward. Two months later, those who were paying attention saw the emergence of the âGenesis Block,â the first group of bitcoins generated through Nakamotoâs concept of a distributed ledger that lived on any computer node in the world that wanted to host it.
Here we are all these years later and a single bitcoin trades at $18,500. The currency is held and accepted by many thousands of institutions, both online and offline. Its payment system is very popular in poor countries without vast banking infrastructures but also in developed countries. And major institutionsâincluding the Federal Reserve, the OECD, the World Bank, and major investment housesâare paying respectful attention and weaving blockchain technology into their operations.
Enthusiasts, who are found in every country, say that its exchange value will soar even more in the future because its supply is strictly limited and it provides a system vastly superior to government money. Bitcoin is transferred between individuals without a third party. It is relatively low-cost to exchange. It has a predictable supply. It is durable, fungible, and divisible: all crucial features of money. It creates a monetary system that doesnât depend on trust and identity, much less on central banks and government. It is a new system for the digital age.
Hard lessons for hard money
To those educated in the âhard moneyâ tradition, the whole idea has been a serious challenge. Speaking for myself, I had been reading about bitcoin for two years before I came anywhere close to understanding it. There was just something about the whole idea that bugged me. You canât make money out of nothing, much less out of computer code. Why does it have value then? There must be something amiss. This is not how we expected money to be reformed.
Thereâs the problem: our expectations. We should have been paying closer attention to Ludwig von Misesâ theory of moneyâs originsânot to what we think he wrote, but to what he actually did write.Â
In 1912, Mises released The Theory of Money and Credit. It was a huge hit in Europe when it came out in German, and it was translated into English. While covering every aspect of money, his core contribution was in tracing the value and price of moneyâand not just money itselfâto its origins. That is, he explained how money gets its price in terms of the goods and services it obtains. He later called this process the âregression theorem,â and as it turns out, bitcoin satisfies the conditions of the theorem.
Misesâ teacher, Carl Menger, demonstrated that money itself originates from the marketânot from the State and not from social contract. It emerges gradually as monetary entrepreneurs seek out an ideal form of commodity for indirect exchange. Instead of merely bartering with each other, people acquire a good not to consume, but to trade. That good becomes money, the most marketable commodity.
But Mises added that the value of money traces backward in time to its value as a bartered commodity. Mises said that this is the only way money can have value.
The theory of the value of money as such can trace back the objective exchange value of money only to that point where it ceases to be the value of money and becomes merely the value of a commodityâŚ. If in this way we continually go farther and farther back we must eventually arrive at a point where we no longer find any component in the objective exchange value of money that arises from valuations based on the function of money as a common medium of exchange; where the value of money is nothing other than the value of an object that is useful in some other way than as moneyâŚ. Before it was usual to acquire goods in the market, not for personal consumption, but simply in order to exchange them again for the goods that were really wanted, each individual commodity was only accredited with that value given by the subjective valuations based on its direct utility.
Misesâ explanation solved a major problem that had long mystified economists. It is a narrative of conjectural history, and yet it makes perfect sense. Would salt have become money had it otherwise been completely useless? Would beaver pelts have obtained monetary value had they not been useful for clothing? Would silver or gold have had money value if they had no value as commodities first? The answer in all cases of monetary history is clearly no. The initial value of money, before it becomes widely traded as money, originates in its direct utility. Itâs an explanation that is demonstrated through historical reconstruction. Thatâs Misesâ regression theorem.
Bitcoinâs Use Value
At first glance, bitcoin would seem to be an exception. You canât use a bitcoin for anything other than money. It canât be worn as jewelry. You canât make a machine out of it. You canât eat it or even decorate with it. Its value is only realized as a unit that facilitates indirect exchange. And yet, bitcoin already is money. Itâs used every day. You can see the exchanges in real time. Itâs not a myth. Itâs the real deal.
It might seem like we have to choose. Is Mises wrong? Maybe we have to toss out his whole theory. Or maybe his point was purely historical and doesnât apply in the future of a digital age. Or maybe his regression theorem is proof that bitcoin is just an empty mania with no staying power, because it canât be reduced to its value as a useful commodity.
And yet, you donât have to resort to complicated monetary theory in order to understand the sense of alarm surrounding bitcoin. Many people, as I did, just have a feeling of uneasiness about a money that has no basis in anything physical. Sure, you can print out a bitcoin on a piece of paper, but having a paper with a QR code or a public key is not enough to relieve that sense of unease.
How can we resolve this problem? In my own mind, I toyed with the issue for more than a year. It puzzled me. I wondered if Misesâ insight applied only in a pre-digital age. I followed the speculations online that the value of bitcoin would be zero but for the national currencies into which it is converted. Perhaps the demand for bitcoin overcame the demands of Misesâ scenario because of a desperate need for something other than the dollar.
As time passedâand I read the work of Konrad Graf, Peter Surda, and Daniel Krawiszâfinally the resolution came. Bitcoin is both a payment system and a money. The payment system is the source of value, while the accounting unit merely expresses that value in terms of price. The unity of money and payment is its most unusual feature, and the one that most commentators have had trouble wrapping their heads around.
We are all used to thinking of currency as separate from payment systems. This thinking is a reflection of the technological limitations of history. There is the dollar and there are credit cards. There is the euro and there is PayPal. There is the yen and there are wire services. In each case, money transfer relies on third-party service providers. In order to use them, you need to establish what is called a âtrust relationshipâ with them, which is to say that the institution arranging the deal has to believe that you are going to pay.
This wedge between money and payment has always been with us, except for the case of physical proximity.
If I give you a dollar for your pizza slice, there is no third party. But payment systems, third parties, and trust relationships become necessary once you leave geographic proximity. Thatâs when companies like Visa and institutions like banks become indispensable. They are the application that makes the monetary software do what you want it to do.
The hitch is that
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@ 90152b7f:04e57401
2025-05-23 23:38:49WikiLeaks The Global Intelligence Files
Released on 2013-03-04 00:00 GMT
| Email-ID | 296467 | | -------- | -------------------------- | | Date | 2007-10-29 20:54:22 | | From | <hrwpress@hrw.org> | | To | <responses@stratfor.com> |
Gaza: Israel's Fuel and Power Cuts Violate Laws of War\ \ For Immediate Release\ \ Gaza: Israel's Fuel and Power Cuts Violate Laws of War\ \ Civilians Should Not Be Penalized for Rocket Attacks by Armed Groups\ \ (New York, October 29, 2007) - Israel's decision to limit fuel and\ electricity to the Gaza Strip in retaliation for unlawful rocket attacks\ by armed groups amounts to collective punishment against the civilian\ population of Gaza, in violation of international law, and will worsen the\ humanitarian crisis there, Human Rights Watch said today.\ \ "Israel may respond to rocket attacks by armed groups to protect its\ population, but only in lawful ways," said Sarah Leah Whitson, director of\ Human Rights Watch's Middle East division. "Because Israel remains an\ occupying power, in light of its continuing restrictions on Gaza, Israel\ must not take measures that harm the civilian population - yet that is\ precisely what cutting fuel or electricity for even short periods will\ do."\ \ On Sunday, the Israeli Defense Ministry ordered the reduction of fuel\ shipments from Israel to Gaza. A government spokesman said the plan was to\ cut the amount of fuel by 5 to 11 percent without affecting the supply of\ industrial fuel for Gaza's only power plant.\ \ According to Palestinian officials, fuel shipments into Gaza yesterday\ fell by more than 30 percent.\ \ In response to the government's decision, a group of 10 Palestinian and\ Israeli human rights groups petitioned the Israeli Supreme Court on\ Sunday, seeking an immediate injunction against the fuel and electricity\ cuts. The court gave the government five days to respond but did not issue\ a temporary injunction. On Monday, the groups requested an urgent hearing\ before the five days expire.\ \ Last Thursday, Defense Minister Ehud Barak approved cutting electricity to\ Gaza for increasing periods in response to ongoing rocket attacks against\ civilian areas in Israel, but the government has not yet implemented the\ order.\ \ The rockets fired by Palestinian armed groups violate the international\ legal prohibition on indiscriminate attacks because they are highly\ inaccurate and cannot be directed at a specific target. Because Hamas\ exercises power inside Gaza, it is responsible for stopping indiscriminate\ attacks even when carried out by other groups, Human Rights Watch said.\ \ On Friday, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert said that Israel would\ respond strongly to the ongoing attacks without allowing a humanitarian\ crisis. But the UN's top humanitarian official, UN Deputy\ Secretary-General John Holmes, said that a "serious humanitarian crisis"\ in Gaza already exists, and called on Israel to lift the economic blockade\ that it tightened after Hamas seized power in June.\ \ Israel's decision to cut fuel and electricity is the latest move aimed\ ostensibly against Hamas that is affecting the entire population of Gaza.\ In September, the Israeli cabinet declared Gaza "hostile territory" and\ voted to "restrict the passage of various goods to the Gaza Strip and\ reduce the supply of fuel and electricity." Since then, Israel has\ increasingly blocked supplies into Gaza, letting in limited amounts of\ essential foodstuffs, medicine and humanitarian supplies. According to\ Holmes, the number of humanitarian convoys entering Gaza had dropped to\ 1,500 in September from 3,000 in July.\ \ "Cutting fuel and electricity obstructs vital services," Whitson said.\ "Operating rooms, sewage pumps, and water well pumps all need electricity\ to run."\ \ Israel sells to Gaza roughly 60 percent of the electricity consumed by the\ territory's 1.5 million inhabitants. In June 2006, six Israeli missiles\ struck Gaza's only power plant; today, for most residents, electricity is\ available during only limited hours.\ \ Israeli officials said they would cut electricity for 15 minutes after\ each rocket attack and then for increasingly longer periods if the attacks\ persist. Deputy Defense Minister Matan Vilnai said Israel would\ "dramatically reduce" the power it supplied to Gaza over a period of\ weeks.\ \ Cutting fuel or electricity to the civilian population violates a basic\ principle of international humanitarian law, or the laws of war, which\ prohibit a government that has effective control over a territory from\ attacking or withholding objects that are essential to the survival of the\ civilian population. Such an act would also violate Israel's duty as an\ occupying power to safeguard the health and welfare of the population\ under occupation.\ \ Israel withdrew its military forces and settlers from the Gaza Strip in\ 2005. Nonetheless, Israel remains responsible for ensuring the well-being\ of Gaza's population for as long as, and to the extent that, it retains\ effective control over the area. Israel still exercises control over\ Gaza's airspace, sea space and land borders, as well as its electricity,\ water, sewage and telecommunications networks and population registry.\ Israel can and has also reentered Gaza for security operations at will.\ \ Israeli officials state that by declaring Gaza "hostile territory," it is\ no longer obliged under international law to supply utilities to the\ civilian population, but that is a misstatement of the law.\ \ "A mere declaration does not change the facts on the ground that impose on\ Israel the status and obligations of an occupying power," said Whitson.\ \ For more information, please contact:\ \ In New York, Fred Abrahams (English, German): +1-917-385-7333 (mobile)\ \ In Washington, DC, Joe Stork (English): +1-202-299-4925 (mobile)\ \ In Cairo, Gasser Abdel-Razek (Arabic, English): +20-2-2-794-5036 (mobile);\ or +20-10-502-9999 (mobile)
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@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43
2025-04-15 13:59:17Prepared for Off-World Visitors by the Risan Institute of Cultural Heritage
Welcome to Risa, the jewel of the Alpha Quadrant, celebrated across the Federation for its tranquility, pleasure, and natural splendor. But what many travelers do not know is that Risaâs current harmony was not inheritedâit was forged. Beneath the songs of surf and the serenity of our resorts lies a history rich in conflict, transformation, and enduring wisdom.
We offer this briefing not merely as a tale of our past, but as an invitation to understand the spirit of our people and the roots of our peace.
I. A World at the Crossroads
Before its admittance into the United Federation of Planets, Risa was an independent and vulnerable world situated near volatile borders of early galactic powers. Its lush climate, mineral wealth, and open society made it a frequent target for raiders and an object of interest for imperial expansion.
The Risan peoples were once fragmented, prone to philosophical and political disunity. In our early records, this period is known as the Winds of Splintering. We suffered invasions, betrayals, and the slow erosion of trust in our own traditions.
II. The Coming of the Vulcans
It was during this period of instability that a small delegation of Vulcan philosophers, adherents to the teachings of Surak, arrived on Risa. They did not come as conquerors, nor even as ambassadors, but as seekers of peace.
These emissaries of logic saw in Risa the potential for a society not driven by suppression of emotion, as Vulcan had chosen, but by the balance of joy and discipline. While many Vulcans viewed Risaâs culture as frivolous, these followers of Surak saw the seed of a different path: one in which beauty itself could be a pillar of peace.
The Risan tradition of meditative dance, artistic expression, and communal love resonated with Vulcan teachings of unity and inner control. From this unlikely exchange was born the Ricin Doctrineâthe belief that peace is sustained not only through logic or strength, but through deliberate joy, shared vulnerability, and readiness without aggression.
III. Betazed and the Trial of Truth
During the same era, early contact with the people of Betazed brought both inspiration and tension. A Betazoid expedition, under the guise of diplomacy, was discovered to be engaging in deep telepathic influence and information extraction. The Risan people, who valued consent above all else, responded not with anger, but with clarity.
A council of Ricin philosophers invited the Betazoid delegation into a shared mind ceremonyâa practice in which both cultures exposed their thoughts in mutual vulnerability. The result was not scandal, but transformation. From that moment forward, a bond was formed, and Risaâs model of ethical emotional expression and consensual empathy became influential in shaping Betazedâs own peace philosophies.
IV. Confronting Marauders and Empires
Despite these philosophical strides, Risaâs path was anything but tranquil.
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Orion Syndicate raiders viewed Risa as ripe for exploitation, and for decades, cities were sacked, citizens enslaved, and resources plundered. In response, Risa formed the Sanctum Guard, not a military in the traditional sense, but a force of trained defenders schooled in both physical technique and psychological dissuasion. The Ricin martial arts, combining beauty with lethality, were born from this necessity.
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Andorian expansionism also tested Risaâs sovereignty. Though smaller in scale, skirmishes over territorial claims forced Risa to adopt planetary defense grids and formalize diplomatic protocols that balanced assertiveness with grace. It was through these conflicts that Risa developed the art of the ceremonial yieldâa symbolic concession used to diffuse hostility while retaining honor.
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Romulan subterfuge nearly undid Risa from within. A corrupt Romulan envoy installed puppet leaders in one of our equatorial provinces. These agents sought to erode Risaâs social cohesion through fear and misinformation. But Ricin scholars countered the strategy not with rebellion, but with illumination: they released a network of truths, publicly broadcasting internal thoughts and civic debates to eliminate secrecy. The Romulan operation collapsed under the weight of exposure.
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Even militant Vulcan splinter factions, during the early Vulcan-Andorian conflicts, attempted to turn Risa into a staging ground, pressuring local governments to support Vulcan supremacy. The betrayal struck deepâbut Risa resisted through diplomacy, invoking Surakâs true teachings and exposing the heresy of their logic-corrupted mission.
V. Enlightenment Through Preparedness
These trials did not harden us into warriors. They refined us into guardians of peace. Our enlightenment came not from retreat, but from engagementâtempered by readiness.
- We train our youth in the arts of balance: physical defense, emotional expression, and ethical reasoning.
- We teach our history without shame, so that future generations will not repeat our errors.
- We host our guests with joy, not because we are naĂŻve, but because we know that to celebrate life fully is the greatest act of resistance against fear.
Risa did not become peaceful by denying the reality of conflict. We became peaceful by mastering our response to it.
And in so doing, we offered not just pleasure to the starsâbut wisdom.
We welcome you not only to our beaches, but to our story.
May your time here bring you not only restâbut understanding.
â Risan Institute of Cultural Heritage, in collaboration with the Council of Enlightenment and the Ricin Circle of Peacekeepers
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@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7
2025-05-24 11:00:32Breez, a leader in Lightning Network infrastructure, and Spark, a bitcoin-native Layer 2 (L2) platform, today announced a groundbreaking collaboration to empower developers with tools to seamlessly integrate self-custodial bitcoin payments into everyday applications.
The partnership introduces a new implementation of the Breez SDK built on Sparkâs bitcoin-native infrastructure, accelerating the evolution of bitcoin from âdigital goldâ to a global, permissionless currency.
The Breez SDK is expanding
Weâre joining forces with @buildonspark to release a new nodeless implementation of the Breez SDK â giving developers the tools they need to bring Bitcoin payments to everyday apps.
Bitcoin-Native
Powered by SparkâsâŚâ Breez
(@Breez_Tech) May 22, 2025
A Bitcoin-Native Leap for Developers
The updated Breez SDK leverages Sparkâs L2 architecture to deliver a frictionless, bitcoin-native experience for developers.
Key features include:
- Universal Compatibility: Bindings for all major programming languages and frameworks.
- LNURL & Lightning Address Support: Streamlined integration for peer-to-peer transactions.
- Real-Time Interaction: Instant mobile notifications for payment confirmations.
- No External Reliance: Built directly on bitcoin via Spark, eliminating bridges or third-party consensus.
This implementation unlocks use cases such as streaming content payments, social app monetization, in-game currencies, cross-border remittances, and AI micro-settlementsâall powered by Bitcoinâs decentralized network.
Quotes from Leadership
Roy Sheinfeld, CEO of Breez:
âDevelopers are critical to bringing bitcoin into daily life. By building the Breez SDK on Sparkâs revolutionary architecture, weâre giving builders a bitcoin-native toolkit to strengthen Lightning as the universal language of bitcoin payments.âKevin Hurley, Creator of Spark:
âThis collaboration sets the standard for global peer-to-peer transactions. Fast, open, and embedded in everyday appsâthis is bitcoinâs future. Together, weâre equipping developers to create next-generation payment experiences.âDavid Marcus, Co-Founder and CEO of Lightspark:
âWeâre thrilled to see developers harness Sparkâs potential. This partnership marks an exciting milestone for the ecosystem.âCollaboration Details
As part of the agreement, Breez will operate as a Spark Service Provider (SSP), joining Lightspark in facilitating payments and expanding Sparkâs ecosystem. Technical specifications for the SDK will be released later this year, with the full implementation slated for launch in 2025.About Breez
Breez pioneers Lightning Network solutions, enabling developers to embed self-custodial bitcoin payments into apps. Its SDK powers seamless, secure, and decentralized financial interactions.About Spark
Spark is a bitcoin-native Layer 2 infrastructure designed for payments and settlement, allowing developers to build directly on Bitcoinâs base layer without compromises. -
@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3
2025-05-23 23:37:17@grayruby loves to blow up the odds of various sports markets at Predyx. Well, the jig is up, because I finally managed to deposit some sats at BetPlay where I can leverage the mismatched odds.
So, I've now locked in guaranteed wins on the 49ers winning the Super Bowl and the Panthers winning the Stanley Cup.
https://stacker.news/items/987847
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@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7
2025-05-24 10:00:42Asia has emerged as a powerhouse for bitcoin adoption, with diverse countries across the region embracing the worldâs leading digital currency in unique ways.
From institutional investors in Singapore to grassroots movements in Indonesia, the Asian bitcoin ecosystem presents a fascinating tapestry of innovation, regulation, and community-driven initiatives.
We dive deep into the current state of bitcoin adoption across key Asian markets, providing investors with actionable insights into this dynamic region.
The Numbers: Asiaâs Bitcoin Dominance
As of early 2025, over 500 million people worldwide hold some form of digital currency, with bitcoin remaining the most widely adopted digital asset. Asia stands at the forefront of this adoption wave, with the Central & Southern Asia and Oceania (CSAO) region leading the world in digital currency adoption according to Chainalysisâs 2024 Global Crypto Adoption Index.
The statistics paint a compelling picture:
- Seven of the top 20 countries in global crypto adoption are located in the CSAO region.
- India and China together comprise almost half of the worldâs digital currency user base.
- Japanâs digital currency market is expected to reach 19.43 million users by the end of 2025, with a penetration rate of 15.93%.
Behind these impressive numbers lies a complex ecosystem shaped by diverse factors including regulatory environments, technological infrastructure, economic necessities, and vibrant community initiatives.
Photo Source: Chainalysis
Country-by-Country Analysis
India: The Grassroots Powerhouse
India ranks first in Chainalysisâs Global Crypto Adoption Index, with bitcoin adoption thriving particularly in tier-2 and tier-3 cities. This grassroots movement is driven primarily by:
- Financial inclusion:Â Bitcoin offers banking-like services to Indiaâs large unbanked population.
- Remittance solutions:Â Lower fees for the significant Indian diaspora sending money home.
- Mobile wallet proliferation:Â Indiaâs high smartphone penetration enables easy access to bitcoin services.
Japan: The Regulatory Pioneer
Japan has long played a significant role in bitcoinâs evolution, from hosting some of the earliest exchanges to pioneering regulatory clarity. In 2025, Japan finds itself at a fascinating crossroads:
- The Japan Financial Services Agency is considering reclassifying digital currency assets as financial products akin to stocks, potentially enhancing user protection.
- Major corporations like Metaplanet Inc. are expanding their bitcoin holdings, with plans to increase holdings by 470% to reach 10,000 BTC in 2025.
- The country boasts a thriving grassroots bitcoin community and a strong developer ecosystem.
Bitcoin adoption in Japan is uniquely balanced between institutional involvement and community enthusiasm, with initiatives like Blockstreamâs Tokyo office working to promote layer-2 solutions, self-custody, and developer education.
Vietnam: The P2P Leader
Vietnam consistently ranks among the top countries for bitcoin adoption per capita. The countryâs relationship with bitcoin is characterized by:
- Strong peer-to-peer (P2P) platform usage for daily transactions and remittances.
- High mobile wallet adoption driving grassroots usage.
- Bitcoin serving as a hedge against local currency fluctuations.
- Relatively favorable regulatory attitude compared to some neighboring countries.
Singapore: The Institutional Hub
Singapore has established itself as Asiaâs premier institutional bitcoin destination through:
- Clear and forward-thinking regulatory frameworks, particularly the Payment Services Act.
- Growing presence of global digital currency firms including Gemini, OKX, and HashKey, which have received regulatory approvals.
- A robust financial infrastructure catering to high-net-worth individuals and institutional investors.
While Singaporeâs consumer protection-focused framework restricts promotional activities and public advertising by digital currency service providers, the city-state remains a beacon for institutional bitcoin adoption in Asia.
South Korea: Retail Dominance Transitioning to Institutional
South Korea presents a fascinating case study of a market in transition:
- Retail investors currently dominate digital currency trading volume, while institutional participation significantly lags behind.
- Experts expect institutional involvement to increase, though a significant shift may not occur until around 2027.
- The local finance watchdog recently launched a crypto committee to assess permissions for corporate digital currency investors and ETFs.
- Users must access fiat-to-digital currency services through local exchanges with official banking partnerships, linking digital currency activities to legal identities.
Bitcoin Communities: The Grassroots Movements
What truly sets Asia apart in the global bitcoin landscape is the vibrant tapestry of community-driven initiatives across the region. These grassroots movements are instrumental in driving adoption from the ground up.
Bitcoin House Bali: A Community Hub
In Indonesia, the Bitcoin House Bali project exemplifies grassroots innovation. This initiative has transformed an old mining container into a vibrant hub for bitcoin education and community engagement.
Key features include:
- Free workshops (including âBitcoin for Beginnersâ and âBitcoin for Kidsâ).
- Developer programs including online classes, BitDevs Workshops, and Hackathons.
- A closed-loop economic system that turns bitcoin into community points.
- Merchant onboardingâfrom restaurants and drivers to scooter rentals and street vendors.
Bitcoin Seoul 2025: Bringing the Community Together
The upcoming Bitcoin Seoul 2025 conference (June 4-6, 2025) represents Asiaâs largest bitcoin-focused gathering, bringing together global leaders, executives, and community members.
The event will feature:
- The Bitcoin Policy Summit: Seoul Edition, providing insights into regulatory trends.
- The Bitcoin Finance Forum, addressing institutional investment and treasury management.
- A Global Bitcoin Community Assembly for bitcoin grassroots and community leaders.
- Live Lightning Network payments demonstrations at the on-site Lightning Market.
This event underscores South Koreaâs emerging role in the global Bitcoin ecosystem and highlights the growing institutional interest in the region.
Regulatory Landscapes: A Mixed Picture
The regulatory environment for bitcoin across Asia presents a complex and evolving picture that significantly impacts adoption patterns.
Japanâs Regulatory Evolution
Japan is considering tightening regulations on digital asset transactions by reclassifying them as financial products similar to stocks. If implemented, these changes would:
- Require issuers to disclose more detailed information on their corporate status.
- Potentially enhance user protection.
- Come into effect after June 2025, following policy direction outlines by the administration.
Current regulations in Japan are relatively digital currency-friendly, with bitcoin recognized as a legal form of payment under the Payment Services Act since 2016.
Singaporeâs Balanced Approach
Singapore maintains a regulatory framework that emphasizes market stability and consumer protection, including:
- Restrictions on promoting digital services in public areas.
- The Payment Services Act that regulates digital currency exchanges.
- A general approach that supports institutional adoption while carefully managing retail exposure.
This balanced approach has helped establish Singapore as a trusted hub for bitcoin businesses and institutional investors.
South Koreaâs Transitional Framework
South Koreaâs regulatory landscape is in flux, with several developments impacting the bitcoin ecosystem:
- Corporate access to digital currenc
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@ efcb5fc5:5680aa8e
2025-04-15 07:34:28We're living in a digital dystopia. A world where our attention is currency, our data is mined, and our mental well-being is collateral damage in the relentless pursuit of engagement. The glossy facades of traditional social media platforms hide a dark underbelly of algorithmic manipulation, curated realities, and a pervasive sense of anxiety that seeps into every aspect of our lives. We're trapped in a digital echo chamber, drowning in a sea of manufactured outrage and meaningless noise, and it's time to build an ark and sail away.
I've witnessed the evolution, or rather, the devolution, of online interaction. From the raw, unfiltered chaos of early internet chat rooms to the sterile, algorithmically controlled environments of today's social giants, I've seen the promise of connection twisted into a tool for manipulation and control. We've become lab rats in a grand experiment, our emotional responses measured and monetized, our opinions shaped and sold to the highest bidder. But there's a flicker of hope in the darkness, a chance to reclaim our digital autonomy, and that hope is NOSTR (Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays).
The Psychological Warfare of Traditional Social Media
The Algorithmic Cage: These algorithms aren't designed to enhance your life; they're designed to keep you scrolling. They feed on your vulnerabilities, exploiting your fears and desires to maximize engagement, even if it means promoting misinformation, outrage, and division.
The Illusion of Perfection: The curated realities presented on these platforms create a toxic culture of comparison. We're bombarded with images of flawless bodies, extravagant lifestyles, and seemingly perfect lives, leading to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt.
The Echo Chamber Effect: Algorithms reinforce our existing beliefs, isolating us from diverse perspectives and creating a breeding ground for extremism. We become trapped in echo chambers where our biases are constantly validated, leading to increased polarization and intolerance.
The Toxicity Vortex: The lack of effective moderation creates a breeding ground for hate speech, cyberbullying, and online harassment. We're constantly exposed to toxic content that erodes our mental well-being and fosters a sense of fear and distrust.
This isn't just a matter of inconvenience; it's a matter of mental survival. We're being subjected to a form of psychological warfare, and it's time to fight back.
NOSTR: A Sanctuary in the Digital Wasteland
NOSTR offers a radical alternative to this toxic environment. It's not just another platform; it's a decentralized protocol that empowers users to reclaim their digital sovereignty.
User-Controlled Feeds: You decide what you see, not an algorithm. You curate your own experience, focusing on the content and people that matter to you.
Ownership of Your Digital Identity: Your data and content are yours, secured by cryptography. No more worrying about being deplatformed or having your information sold to the highest bidder.
Interoperability: Your identity works across a diverse ecosystem of apps, giving you the freedom to choose the interface that suits your needs.
Value-Driven Interactions: The "zaps" feature enables direct micropayments, rewarding creators for valuable content and fostering a culture of genuine appreciation.
Decentralized Power: No single entity controls NOSTR, making it censorship-resistant and immune to the whims of corporate overlords.
Building a Healthier Digital Future
NOSTR isn't just about escaping the toxicity of traditional social media; it's about building a healthier, more meaningful online experience.
Cultivating Authentic Connections: Focus on building genuine relationships with people who share your values and interests, rather than chasing likes and followers.
Supporting Independent Creators: Use "zaps" to directly support the artists, writers, and thinkers who inspire you.
Embracing Intellectual Diversity: Explore different NOSTR apps and communities to broaden your horizons and challenge your assumptions.
Prioritizing Your Mental Health: Take control of your digital environment and create a space that supports your well-being.
Removing the noise: Value based interactions promote value based content, instead of the constant stream of noise that traditional social media promotes.
The Time for Action is Now
NOSTR is a nascent technology, but it represents a fundamental shift in how we interact online. It's a chance to build a more open, decentralized, and user-centric internet, one that prioritizes our mental health and our humanity.
We can no longer afford to be passive consumers in the digital age. We must become active participants in shaping our online experiences. It's time to break free from the chains of algorithmic control and reclaim our digital autonomy.
Join the NOSTR movement
Embrace the power of decentralization. Let's build a digital future that's worthy of our humanity. Let us build a place where the middlemen, and the algorithms that they control, have no power over us.
In addition to the points above, here are some examples/links of how NOSTR can be used:
Simple Signup: Creating a NOSTR account is incredibly easy. You can use platforms like Yakihonne or Primal to generate your keys and start exploring the ecosystem.
X-like Client: Apps like Damus offer a familiar X-like experience, making it easy for users to transition from traditional platforms.
Sharing Photos and Videos: Clients like Olas are optimized for visual content, allowing you to share your photos and videos with your followers.
Creating and Consuming Blogs: NOSTR can be used to publish and share blog posts, fostering a community of independent creators.
Live Streaming and Audio Spaces: Explore platforms like Hivetalk and zap.stream for live streaming and audio-based interactions.
NOSTR is a powerful tool for reclaiming your digital life and building a more meaningful online experience. It's time to take control, break free from the shackles of traditional social media, and embrace the future of decentralized communication.
Get the full overview of these and other on: https://nostrapps.com/
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@ 34f1ddab:2ca0cf7c
2025-05-23 23:15:14Losing access to your cryptocurrency can feel like losing a part of your future. Whether itâs due to a forgotten password, a damaged seed backup, or a simple mistake in a transfer, the stress can be overwhelming. Fortunately, cryptrecver.com is here to assist! With our expert-led recovery services, you can safely and swiftly reclaim your lost Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.
Why Trust Crypt Recver? đ¤ đ ď¸ Expert Recovery Solutions At Crypt Recver, we specialize in addressing complex wallet-related issues. Our skilled engineers have the tools and expertise to handle:
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Act fast and secure your digital assets with cryptrecver.com.Losing access to your cryptocurrency can feel like losing a part of your future. Whether itâs due to a forgotten password, a damaged seed backup, or a simple mistake in a transfer, the stress can be overwhelming. Fortunately, cryptrecver.com is here to assist! With our expert-led recovery services, you can safely and swiftly reclaim your lost Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.
# Why Trust Crypt Recver? đ¤
đ ď¸Â Expert Recovery Solutions\ At Crypt Recver, we specialize in addressing complex wallet-related issues. Our skilled engineers have the tools and expertise to handle:
- Partially lost or forgotten seed phrases
- Extracting funds from outdated or invalid wallet addresses
- Recovering data from damaged hardware wallets
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@ 0e9491aa:ef2adadf
2025-05-23 23:01:13I often hear "bitcoin doesn't interest me, I'm not a finance person."
Ironically, the beauty of sound money is you don't have to be. In the current system you're expected to manage a diversified investment portfolio or pay someone to do it. Bitcoin will make that optional.
â ODELL (@ODELL) September 16, 2018
At first glance bitcoin often appears overwhelming to newcomers. It is incredibly easy to get bogged down in the details of how it works or different ways to use it. Enthusiasts, such as myself, often enjoy going down the deep rabbit hole of the potential of bitcoin, possible pitfalls and theoretical scenarios, power user techniques, and the developer ecosystem. If your first touch point with bitcoin is that type of content then it is only natural to be overwhelmed. While it is important that we have a thriving community of bitcoiners dedicated to these complicated tasks - the true beauty of bitcoin lies in its simplicity. Bitcoin is simply better money. It is the best money we have ever had.
Life is complicated. Life is hard. Life is full of responsibility and surprises. Bitcoin allows us to focus on our lives while relying on a money that is simple. A money that is not controlled by any individual, company, or government. A money that cannot be easily seized or blocked. A money that cannot be devalued at will by a handful of corrupt bureaucrat who live hundreds of miles from us. A money that can be easily saved and should increase in purchasing power over time without having to learn how to "build a diversified stock portfolio" or hire someone to do it for us.
Bitcoin enables all of us to focus on our lives - our friends and family - doing what we love with the short time we have on this earth. Time is scarce. Life is complicated. Bitcoin is the most simple aspect of our complicated lives. If we spend our scarce time working then we should be able to easily save that accrued value for future generations without watching the news or understanding complicated financial markets. Bitcoin makes this possible for anyone.
Yesterday was Mother's Day. Raising a human is complicated. It is hard, it requires immense personal responsibility, it requires critical thinking, but mothers figure it out, because it is worth it. Using and saving bitcoin is simple - Â simply install an app on your phone. Every mother can do it. Every person can do it.
Life is complicated. Life is beautiful. Bitcoin is simple.
If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.
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@ 6c05c73e:c4356f17
2025-05-23 22:59:35Como a grande maioria dos brasileiros. Eu nĂŁo comecei um negĂłcio porque âqueria empreenderâ. Diferente disso, eu PRECISAVA para poder pagar contas e manter o bĂĄsico.
Festas, openbar e camisas
Meu primeiro negĂłcio foi na verdade um combo. Eu tinha saĂdo do Ăşltimo trampo e eu gostava de festas. EntĂŁo, comecei a organizar uma festa mensalmente na casa do meu pai. Eu pagava a ĂĄgua, energia e dava uma grana para ele. Em troca, organizava festa de sĂĄbado para domingo open bar.
A fĂłrmula era simples. Criava o evento da festa no facebook, convidava todo mundo que conhecia. Panfletava na cidade e espalhava cartazes nos pontos de Ă´nibus sobre a festa. E, para fechar com chave de ouro. Mulher era OFF atĂŠ 20:00. ConsequĂŞncia? Os caras vinham e pagavam o ingresso deles e delas. Kkkkk. E, enchiaâŚ
Comecei a notar que a galera se vestia mal. E, pensei: "Porque nĂŁo vestir eles?â Pimba! Comecei a desenha e confeccionar camisas para vender nas festas. E, pimba denovo! Vendeu, tudo! Fiz 2 coleçþes e mais algumas festas. AtĂŠ o dia que um menino deu PT de tanto beber e decidi que era hora de tentar outra coisa.
Como assim a Apple nĂŁo vai vender mais os carregadores?
Isso, foi durante a pandemia. A Apple decidiu vender o telefone e o cabo. E, vocĂŞ que lute com a fonte. Estava difĂcil achar dinheiro no mercado naqueles tempos e eu pensei. Vou pesquisar no google trends e validar a ideia. Caixa! Tinha mais de 80 pts de busca. Colei em SP, no BrĂĄs e comprei literalmente. Todo meu dinheiro de cabo de iphone, carregador e bateria portĂĄtil.
Fiquei com R$100 na conta. Para fazer um lanche e pagar pelo uber para voltar para casa. Chegando aqui, eu tirei foto e fiz vĂĄrias copys. Anunciei no Olx, Mercado Livre e Facebook. Impulsionei os anĂşncios no OLX, vendi para familiares e amigos, e; vendia atĂŠ para quem estava na rua. Fiz entrega de bike, a pĂŠ, de Ă´nibus e ĂŠ isso mesmo. Tem que ralar. Para queimar o resto da mercadoria. Deixei com uma loja de eletrĂ´nicos e fiz consignado. E, hora da prĂłxima ideia.
Mulheres, doces e TPM
Meu penúltimo negócio veio depois dos cabos. Eu pesquisei na net, negócios online para começar com pouca grana. (Depois que paguei as contas do dia a dia, sobraram R$3mil). E, achei uma pesquisa mostrando que doces. Tinha baixa barreira de entrada e exigia poucos equipamentos. Eu trabalhei em restaurante por muitos anos e sabia como lucrar com aquilo. AlÊm do mais, mulheres consomem mais doce em uma certa Êpoca do mês.
NĂŁo deu outra, convidei 2 pessoas para serem sĂłcias. Desenvolvemos os produtos, fotografamos e fizemos as copys. Em sequĂŞncia, precisĂĄvamos vender. EntĂŁo, lĂĄ vamos denovo: Ifood, WPP, 99food (na ĂŠpoca), Uber eats (na ĂŠpoca), Elo7, famĂlias e amigos e; por fim começamos a vender consignado com alguns restaurantes e lojas. Foi uma ĂŠpoca em que aprendi a prospectar clientes de todas as maneiras possĂveis.
De novo, minha maior dificuldade era a locomoção para fazer entregas. SĂł tinha uma bike. Mas, entregĂĄvamos. Os primeiros 3 meses foram difĂceis demais. Mas, rolou. No fim, nossas maiores vendas vinham de: Ifood, encomendas de festas e consignados. Mas, como nem tudo sĂŁo flores. Meus dois sĂłcios tomaram outros caminhos e abandonaram o projeto. Galera, estĂĄ tudo bem com isso. Isso acontece o tempo todo. A vida muda e temos que aprender a aceitar isso. Vida que segue e fui para frente de novo.
Sobre paixĂľes, paciĂŞncia e acreditar
Estava eu comemorando meu nĂver de 30 anos, num misto de realizaçþes e pouco realizado. Como assim? Sabe quando vocĂŞ faz um monte de coisas, mas ainda assim. NĂŁo sente que ĂŠ aquilo? Pois entĂŁoâŚ
Eu amo investimentos, livros, escrever e sempre curti trocar ideia com amigos e famĂlia sobre como se desenvolver. Desde que comecei a usar a internet eu criei: Canal no youtube, pĂĄginas no IG e FB, pinterest, steemit, blog e atĂŠ canal no Telegram. Mas, nunca tinha consistente sabe? Tipo assim, vou fazer isso por um ano e plantar 100 sementes aqui. Enfim, inconsistĂŞncia te derruba meu amigoâŚEu voltei a trabalhar com restaurantes e estava doido para mudar de ĂĄrea. Estava exausto de trabalhar e meu wpp nĂŁo parava de tocar. Fui estudar ADM e Desenvolvimento de sistemas no Senac. Dois anos depois, formei. Consegui trabalho.
E, comecei a pensar em como criar um negĂłcio online, escalĂĄvel e multilĂngue. Passei os prĂłximos 7 meses desenhando e pensando como. Mas, tinha que dar o primeiro passo. Criei um site e fui escrevendo textos. Os primeiros 30 foram aquilo, os prĂłximos 10 melhoraram muito e os 10 a seguir eu fiquei bem satisfeitos. Hoje, tenho o negĂłcio que estava na cabeça desde 2023. Mas, olha o tamanho da volta que o universo me fez dar e aprender para chegar aqui hoje. Dicas? SĂł 3:
- VocĂŞ precisa usar a internet para fazer negĂłcio. Em todos os negĂłcios que falei, sempre teve algo online. NĂŁo negligencie isso.
- Tem que aprender a vender e se vender.
- Confia em si mesmo e faz sem medo de errar. Porque, advinha? VocĂŞ vai errar! Mas, vai aprender e melhorar. Tem que persistirâŚ
Por hoje ĂŠ isso. Tamo junto!
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@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7
2025-05-24 10:00:40Global fintech leader Revolut has announced a landmark partnership with Lightspark, a pioneer in blockchain infrastructure solutions, to integrate bitcoinâs Lightning Network into its platform.
This collaboration, now live for Revolut users in the UK and select European Economic Area (EEA) countries, marks a transformative leap toward frictionless, real-time transactionsâeliminating delays and exorbitant fees traditionally associated with digital asset transfers.
Major update: @RevolutApp is now partnering with @lightspark pic.twitter.com/OUblgrj6Xr
â Lightspark (@lightspark) May 7, 2025
Breaking Barriers in Digital Currency Usability
By adopting Lightsparkâs cutting-edge technology, Revolut empowers its 40+ million customers to execute bitcoin transactions instantly at a fraction of current costs.
This integration addresses longstanding pain points in digital currency adoption, positioning bitcoin as a practical tool for everyday payments. Users can now seamlessly send, receive, and store bitcoin with the same ease as traditional fiat currencies, backed by Revolutâs secure platform.
The partnership also advances Revolutâs integration into the open Money Grid, a decentralized network enabling universal interoperability between financial platforms.
This move aligns Revolut with forward-thinking fintechs adopting next-gen solutions like Lightning transactions and Universal Money Addresses (UMA), which simplify cross-border payments by replacing complex wallet codes with human-readable addresses (e.g., $john.smith).
Why This Matters
The collaboration challenges conventional payment rails, which often incur delays of days and high fees for cross-border transfers. By contrast, Lightning Network transactions settle in seconds for minimal cost, revolutionizing peer-to-peer payments, remittances, and merchant settlements. For Revolut users, this means:
- Instant transactions:Â Send bitcoin globally in under three seconds.
- Near-zero fees:Â Dramatically reduce costs compared to traditional crypto transfers.
- Enhanced utility:Â Use bitcoin for daily spending, not just as a speculative asset.
The Road Ahead
Revolut plans to expand Lightning Network access to additional markets in 2025, with ambitions to integrate UMA support for seamless fiat and digital currency interactions. Lightspark will continue optimizing its infrastructure to support Revolutâs scaling efforts, further bridging the gap between blockchain innovation and mainstream finance.
About Revolut
Revolut is a global financial app serving over 40 million customers worldwide. Offering services ranging from currency exchange and stock trading to digital assets and insurance, Revolut is committed to building a borderless financial ecosystem.About Lightspark
Founded by former PayPal and Meta executives, Lightspark develops enterprise-grade solutions for the Lightning Network. Its technology stack empowers institutions to harness bitcoinâs speed and efficiency while maintaining regulatory compliance. -
@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7
2025-05-24 10:00:39In the heart of East Africa, where M-Pesa reigns supreme and innovation pulses through bustling markets, a quiet revolution is brewingâone that could redefine how millions interact with money.
Enter Bitika, the Kenyan startup turning bitcoinâs complexity into a three-step dance, merging the lightning speed of sats with the trusted rhythm of mobile money.
At the helm is a founder whose âahaâ moment came not in a boardroom, but at his kitchen table, watching his father grapple with the gap between understanding bitcoin and actually using it.
Bitika was born from that frictionâa bridge between M-Pesaâs ubiquity and bitcoinâs borderless promise, wrapped in a name as playful as the Swahili slang that inspired it.
But this isnât just a story about simplifying transactions. Itâs about liquidity battles, regulatory tightropes, and a vision to turn Bitika into the invisible rails powering Africaâs Bitcoin future.
Building on Bitcoin
- Tell us a bit about yourself and how you got into bitcoin/fintech, and what keeps you passionate about this space?
I first came across bitcoin in 2020, but like many at that time, I didnât fully grasp what it really was. It sounded too complicated, probably with the heavy terminologies. Over time, I kept digging deeper and became more curious.
I started digging into finance and how money works and realised this was what I needed to understand bitcoinâs objectives. I realized that bitcoin wasnât just a new type of moneyâit was a breakthrough in how we think about freedom, ownership, and global finance.
What keeps me passionate is how bitcoin can empower peopleâespecially in Africaâto take control of their wealth, without relying on unstable systems or middlemen.
- What pivotal moment or experience inspired you to create Bitika? Was there a specific gap in Kenyaâs financial ecosystem that sparked the idea?
Yes, this idea was actually born right in my own home. Iâve always been an advocate for bitcoin, sharing it with friends, family, and even strangers. My dad and I had countless conversations about it. Eventually, he understood the concept. But when he asked, âHow do I even buy bitcoin?â or âCan you just buy it for me?â and after taking him through binanceâthat hit me.
If someone Iâd educated still found the buying process difficult, how many others were feeling the same way? That was the lightbulb moment. I saw a clear gap: the process of buying bitcoin was too technical for the average Kenyan. Thatâs the problem Bitika set out to solve.
- How did you identify the synergy between bitcoin and M-Pesa as a solution for accessibility?
M-Pesa is at the center of daily life in Kenya. Everyone uses itâfrom buying groceries to paying rent. Instead of forcing people to learn new tools, I decided to meet them where they already are. That synergy between M-Pesa and bitcoin felt natural. Itâs about bridging what people already trust with something powerful and new.
- Share the story behind the name âBitikaâ â does it hold a cultural or symbolic meaning?
Funny enough, Bitika isnât a deeply planned name. It came while I was thinking about bitcoin and the type of transformation it brings to individuals. In Swahili, we often add â-kaâ to words for flairâlike âbambikaâ from âbamba.â
So, I just coined Bitika as a playful and catchy way to reflect something bitcoin-related, but also uniquely local. I stuck with it because thinking of an ideal brand name is the toughest challenge for me.
- Walk us through the user journey â how does buying bitcoin via M-Pesa in â3 simple stepsâ work under the hood?
Itâs beautifully simple.
1. The user enters the amount they want to spend in KESâstarting from as little as 50 KES (about $0.30).
2. They input their Lightning wallet address.
3. They enter their M-Pesa number, which triggers an STK push (payment prompt) on their phone. Once confirmedâpap!âthey receive bitcoin almost instantly.
Under the hood, we fetch the live BTC price, validate wallet addresses, check available liquidity, process the mobile payment, and send sats via the Lightning Networkâall streamlined into a smooth experience for the user.
- Whoâs Bitikaâs primary audience? Are you focusing on unbanked populations, tech enthusiasts, or both?
Both. Bitika is designed for everyday peopleâespecially the unbanked and underbanked who are excluded from traditional finance. But we also attract bitcoiners who just want a faster, easier way to buy sats. What unites them is the desire for a seamless and low-barrier bitcoin experience.
Community and Overcoming Challenges
- What challenges has Bitika faced navigating Kenyaâs bitcoin regulations, and how do you build trust with regulators?
Regulation is still evolving here. Parliament has drafted bills, but none have been passed into law yet. Weâre currently in a revision phase where policymakers are trying to strike a balance between encouraging innovation and protecting the public.
We focus on transparency and open dialogueâwe believe that building trust with regulators starts with showing how bitcoin can serve the public good.
- What was the toughest obstacle in building Bitika, and how did you overcome it?
Liquidity. Since we donât have deep capital reserves, we often run into situations where we have to pause operations often to manually restock our bitcoin supply. Itâs frustratingâfor us and for users. Weâre working on automating this process and securing funding to maintain consistent liquidity so users can access bitcoin at any time, without disruption.
This remains our most critical issueâand the primary reason weâre seeking support.
- Are you eyeing new African markets? Whatâs next for Bitikaâs product?
Absolutely. The long-term vision is to expand Bitika into other African countries facing similar financial challenges. But first, we want to turn Bitika into a developer-first toolâinfrastructure that others can build on. Imagine local apps, savings products, or financial tools built using Bitikaâs simple bitcoin rails. Thatâs where weâre heading.Â
- What would you tell other African entrepreneurs aiming to disrupt traditional finance?
Disrupting finance sounds excitingâbut the reality is messy. People fear what they donât understand. Thatâs why simplicity is everything. Build tools that hide the complexity, and focus on making the userâs life easier. Most importantly, stay rooted in local contextâsolve problems people actually face.
Whatâs Next?
- Whatâs your message to Kenyans hesitant to try bitcoin, and to enthusiasts watching Bitika?
To my fellow Kenyans: bitcoin isnât just an investmentâitâs a sovereign tool. Itâs money you truly own. Start small, learn, and ask questions.
To the bitcoin community: Bitika is proof that bitcoin is working in Africa. Letâs keep pushing. Letâs build tools that matter.
- How can the bitcoin community, both locally and globally, support Bitikaâs mission?
Weâre currently fundraising on Geyser. Supportâwhether itâs financial, technical, or simply sharing our storyâgoes a long way. Every sat you contribute helps us stay live, grow our liquidity, and continue building a tool that brings bitcoin closer to the everyday person in Africa.
Support here: https://geyser.fund/project/bitika
-
@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b
2025-05-23 22:14:37Originalni tekst na antenam.net
22.05.2025 / Autor: Ana Nives RadoviÄ
Da nema besplatnog ruÄka sigurno ste Äuli svaki put kad bi neko poĹželio da naglasi da se sve na neki naÄin plaÄa, iako moĹžda tu cijenu ne primjeÄujemo odmah. MeÄutim, kada govorimo o dogaÄaju od kojeg je proĹĄlo taÄno 15 godina onda o âruÄkuâ ne govorimo u preneĹĄenom smislu, veÄ o porudĹžbini pice Äija trĹžiĹĄna vrijednost iz godine u godinu dostiĹže iznos koji je Äini najskupljom hranom koja je ikad poruÄena.
Tog 22. maja 2010. godine Äovjek sa Floride pod imenom Laslo Hanjec potroĹĄio je 10.000 bitcoina na dvije velike pice. U to vrijeme, ta koliÄina bitcoina imala je trĹžiĹĄnu vrijednost od oko 41 dolar. Ako uzmemo u obzir da je vrijednost jedne jedinice ove digitalne valute danas neĹĄto viĹĄe od 111.000 dolara, tih 10.000 bitcoina danas bi znaÄilo vrijednost od 1,11 milijardi dolara.
NesvakidaĹĄnji dogaÄaj u digitalnoj i ugostiteljskoj istoriji, nastao zbog znatiĹželje poruÄioca koji je Ĺželio da se uvjeri da koristeÄi bitcoin moĹže da plati neĹĄto u stvarnom svijetu, pretvorio se u Bitcoin Pizza Day, kao podsjetnik na trenutak koji je oznaÄio prelaz bitcoina iz apstraktnog kriptografskog eksperimenta u neĹĄto ĹĄto ima stvarnu vrijednost.
Hanjec je bio znatiĹželjan i pitao se da li se prva, a u to vrijeme i jedina kriptovaluta moĹže iskoristiti za kupovinu neÄeg opipljivog. Objavio je ponudu na jednom forumu koja je glasila: 10.000 BTC za dvije pice. Jedan entuzijasta se javio, naruÄio pice iz restorana Papa Johnâs i ispisao zanimljivu stranicu istorije digitalne imovine.
Taj inicijalni zabiljeĹženi finansijski dogovor dao je bitcoinu prvu ĹĄiroko prihvaÄenu trĹžiĹĄnu vrijednost: 10.000 BTC za 41 dolar, Äime je bitcoin napravio svoj prvi korak ka onome ĹĄto danas mnogi zovu digitalnim zlatom.
Ĺ ta je zapravo bitcoin?
Bitcoin je oblik digitalnog novca koji je osmiĹĄljen da bude decentralizovan, transparentan i otporan na uticaj centralnih banaka. Kreirao ga je 2009. godine anonimni autor poznat kao SatoĹĄi Nakamoto, neposredno nakon globalne finansijske krize 2008. godine. U svojoj suĹĄtini, bitcoin je protokol, skup pravila koja sprovodi kompjuterski kod, koji omoguÄava korisnicima da bez posrednika sigurno razmjenjuju vrijednost putem interneta.
Osnova cijelog sistema je blockchain, distribuisana digitalna knjiga koju odrĹžavaju hiljade nezavisnih raÄunara (tzv. Ävorova) ĹĄirom svijeta. Svaka transakcija se biljeĹži u novi âblokâ, koji se potom dodaje u lanac (otud naziv âlanac blokovaâ, odnosno blockchain). Informacija koja se jednom upiĹĄe u blok ne moĹže da se izbriĹĄe, niti promijeni, ĹĄto omoguÄava viĹĄe transparentnosti i viĹĄe povjerenja.
Da bi blockchain mreĹža u kojoj se sve to odvija zadrĹžala to svojstvo, bitcoin koristi mehanizam konsenzusa nazvan dokaz rada (proof-of-work), ĹĄto znaÄi da specijalizovani raÄunari koji ârudareâ bitcoin rjeĹĄavaju kompleksne matematiÄke probleme kako bi omoguÄili obavljanje transakcija i pouzdanost mreĹže.
Deflatorna priroda bitcoina
Najjednostavniji naÄin da se razumije deflatorna priroda bitcoina je da pogledamo cijene izraĹžene u valuti kojoj plaÄamo. Sigurno ste u posljednje vrijeme uhvatili sebe da komentariĹĄete da ono ĹĄto je prije nekoliko godina koĹĄtalo 10 eura danas koĹĄta 15 ili viĹĄe. BuduÄi da to ne zapaĹžate kada je u pitanju cijena samo odreÄenog proizvoda ili usluge, veÄ kao sveprisutan trend, shvatate da se radi o tome da je novac izgubio vrijednost. Na primjer, kada je rijeÄ o euru, otkako je Evropska centralna banka poÄela intenzivno da doĹĄtampava novac svake godine, pa je od 2009. kada je program tzv. âkvantitativnog popuĹĄtanjaâ zapoÄet euro zabiljeĹžio kumulativnu inflaciju od 42,09% zbog poveÄane koliÄine sredstava u opticaju.
MeÄutim, kada je rijeÄ o bitcoinu, njega nikada neÄe biti viĹĄe od 21 milion koliko je izdato prvog dana, a to nepromjenjivo pravilo zapisano je i u njegovom kodu. Ova ograniÄena ponuda oĹĄtro se suprotstavlja principima koji vaĹže kod monetarnih institucija, poput centralnih banaka, koje doĹĄtampavaju novac, Äesto da bi poveÄale koliÄinu u opticaju i tako podstakle finansijske tokove, iako novac zbog toga gubi vrijednost. Nasuprot tome, bitcoin se zadrĹžava na iznosu od 21 milion, pa je upravo ta konaÄnost osnova za njegovu deflatornu prirodu i moguÄnost da vremenom dobija na vrijednosti.
Naravno, ovo ne znaÄi da je cijena bitcoina predodreÄena da samo raste. Ona je zapravo priliÄno volatilna i oscilacije su Äeste, posebno ukoliko, na primjer, posmatramo odnos cijena unutar jedne godine ili nekoliko mjeseci, meÄutim, gledano sa vremenske distance od Äetiri do pet godina bilo koji uporedni period od nastanka bitcoina do danas upuÄuje na to da je cijena u meÄuvremenu porasla. Taj trend Äe se nastaviti, tako da, kao ni kada je rijeÄ o drugim sredstvima, poput zlata ili nafte, nema mjesta konstatacijama da je âvrijeme niskih cijena proĹĄloâ.
Ĺ ta zapravo znaÄi ovaj dan?
Bitcoin Pizza Day je za mnoge prilika da saznaju poneĹĄto novo o bitcoinu, jer tada imaju priliku da o njemu Äuju detalje sa raznih strana, jer kako se ovaj dogaÄaj popularizuje stvaraju se i nove prilike za uÄenje. TakoÄe, ovaj dan od 2021. obiljeĹžavaju picerije ĹĄirom svijeta, u viĹĄe od 400 gradova iz najmanje 75 zemalja, jer je za mnoge ovo prilika da korisnike bitcoina navedu da potroĹĄe djeliÄ svoje imovine na neĹĄto iz njihove ponude. Naravno, taj iznos je danasd zanemarljivo mali, a cijena jedne pice danas je otprilike 0,00021 bitcoina.
No, dok picerije ĹĄirom svijeta danas na zabavan naÄin pokuĹĄavaju da doÄu do novih gostiju, ovaj dan je za mnoge vlasnike bitcoina neĹĄto poput opomene da svoje digitalne novÄiÄe ipak ne treba troĹĄiti na neĹĄto potroĹĄno, jer je buduÄnost nepredvidiva. Bitcoin Pizza Day je dan kada se ideja pretvorila u valutu, kada su linije koda postale sredstvo razmjene.
Prvi let avionom trajao je svega 12 sekundi, a u poreÄenju sa danaĹĄnjim transkontinentalnim linijama to djeluje gotovo neuporedivo i Äudno, meÄutim, od neÄega je moralo poÄeti. PorudĹžbina pice plaÄene bitcoinom oznaÄile su poÄetak razmjene ove vrste, dok se, na primjer, tokom juÄeraĹĄnjeg dana obim plaÄanja bitcoinom premaĹĄio 23 milijarde dolara. Nauka i tehnologija nas podsjeÄaju na to da sve poÄinje malim, zanemarivim koracima.
-
@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7
2025-05-24 10:00:37Custodial Lightning wallets allow users to transact without managing private keys or channel liquidity. The provider handles technical complexities, but this convenience comes with critical trade-offs:
- You donât control your keys: The custodian holds your bitcoin.
- Centralized points of failure: Servers can be hacked or shut down.
- Surveillance risks: Providers track transaction metadata.
Key Risks of Custodial Lightning Wallets
*1. Hacks and Exit Scams*
Custodians centralize large amounts of bitcoin, attracting hackers:
- Nearly $2.2 billion worth of funds were stolen from hacks in 2024.
- Lightning custodians suffered breaches, losing user funds.
Unlike non-custodial wallets, victims have no recourse since they donât hold keys.
*2. Censorship and Account Freezes*
Custodians comply with regulators, risking fund seizures:
- Strike (a custodial Lightning app) froze accounts of users in sanctioned regions.
- A U.K. court in 2020 ordered Bitfinex to freeze bitcoin worth $860,000 after the exchange and blockchain sleuthing firm Chainalysis traced the funds to a ransomware payment.
*3. Privacy Erosion*
Custodians log user activity, exposing sensitive data:
- Transaction amounts, receiver addresses, and IPs are recorded.
*4. Service Downtime*
Centralized infrastructure risks outages.
*5. Inflation of Lightning Network Centralization*
Custodians dominate liquidity, weakening network resilience:
- At the moment, 10% of the nodes on Lightning control 80% of the liquidity.
- This centralization contradicts bitcoinâs decentralized ethos.
How to Switch to Self-Custodial Lightning Wallets
Migrating from custodial services is straightforward:
*1. Choose a Non-Custodial Wallet*
Opt for wallets that let you control keys and channels:
- Flash: The self-custodial tool that lets you own your keys, control your coins, and transact instantly.
- Breez Wallet :Â Non-custodial, POS integrations.
- Core Lightning :Â Advanced, for self-hosted node operators.
*2. Transfer Funds Securely*
- Withdraw funds from your custodial wallet to a bitcoin on-chain address.
- Send bitcoin to your non-custodial Lightning wallet.
*3. Set Up Channel Backups*
Use tools like Static Channel Backups (SCB) to recover channels if needed.
*4. Best Practices*
- Enable Tor: Mask your IP (e.g., Breezâs built-in Tor support).
- Verify Receiving Addresses: Avoid phishing scams.
- Regularly Rebalance Channels: Use tools like Lightning Pool for liquidity.
Why Self-Custodial Lightning Matters
- Self-custody: Control your keys and funds.
- Censorship resistance: No third party can block transactions.
- Network health: Decentralized liquidity strengthens Lightning.
Self-custodial wallets now rival custodial ease.
Custodial Lightning wallets sacrifice security for convenience, putting users at risk of hacks, surveillance, and frozen funds. As bitcoin adoption grows, so does the urgency to embrace self-custodial solutions.
Take action today:
- Withdraw custodial funds to a hardware wallet.
- Migrate to a self-custodial Lightning wallet.
- Educate others on the risks of custodial control.
The Lightning Networkâs potential hinges on decentralizationâdonât let custodians become its Achillesâ heel.
-
@ 6d5c826a:4b27b659
2025-05-23 21:53:16- DefGuard - True enterprise WireGuard with MFA/2FA and SSO. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
Rust
- Dockovpn - Out-of-the-box stateless dockerized OpenVPN server which starts in less than 2 seconds. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
Docker
- Firezone - WireGuard based VPN Server and Firewall. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
Docker
- Gluetun VPN client - VPN client in a thin Docker container for multiple VPN providers, written in Go, and using OpenVPN or Wireguard, DNS over TLS, with a few proxy servers built-in.
MIT
docker
- Headscale - Self-hostable fork of Tailscale, cross-platform clients, simple to use, built-in (currently experimental) monitoring tools.
BSD-3-Clause
Go
- Nebula - A scalable p2p VPN with a focus on performance, simplicity and security.
MIT
Go
- ocserv - Cisco AnyConnect-compatible VPN server. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- OpenVPN - Uses a custom security protocol that utilizes SSL/TLS for key exchange. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- SoftEther - Multi-protocol software VPN with advanced features. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
C
- sshuttle - Poor man's VPN.
LGPL-2.1
Python
- strongSwan - Complete IPsec implementation for Linux. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- WireGuard - Very fast VPN based on elliptic curve and public key crypto. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- DefGuard - True enterprise WireGuard with MFA/2FA and SSO. (Source Code)
-
@ 6d5c826a:4b27b659
2025-05-23 21:52:59- Ganeti - Cluster virtual server management software tool built on top of KVM and Xen. (Source Code)
BSD-2-Clause
Python/Haskell
- KVM - Linux kernel virtualization infrastructure. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0/LGPL-2.0
C
- OpenNebula - Build and manage enterprise clouds for virtualized services, containerized applications and serverless computing. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
C++
- oVirt - Manages virtual machines, storage and virtual networks. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
Java
- Packer - A tool for creating identical machine images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration. (Source Code)
MPL-2.0
Go
- Proxmox VE - Virtualization management solution. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
Perl/Shell
- QEMU - QEMU is a generic machine emulator and virtualizer. (Source Code)
LGPL-2.1
C
- Vagrant - Tool for building complete development environments. (Source Code)
BUSL-1.1
Ruby
- VirtualBox - Virtualization product from Oracle Corporation. (Source Code)
GPL-3.0/CDDL-1.0
C++
- XCP-ng - Virtualization platform based on Xen Source and CitrixÂŽ Hypervisor (formerly XenServer). (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- Xen - Virtual machine monitor for 32/64 bit Intel / AMD (IA 64) and PowerPC 970 architectures. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- Ganeti - Cluster virtual server management software tool built on top of KVM and Xen. (Source Code)
-
@ 266815e0:6cd408a5
2025-04-15 06:58:14Its been a little over a year since NIP-90 was written and merged into the nips repo and its been a communication mess.
Every DVM implementation expects the inputs in slightly different formats, returns the results in mostly the same format and there are very few DVM actually running.
NIP-90 is overloaded
Why does a request for text translation and creating bitcoin OP_RETURNs share the same input
i
tag? and why is there anoutput
tag on requests when only one of them will return an output?Each DVM request kind is for requesting completely different types of compute with diffrent input and output requirements, but they are all using the same spec that has 4 different types of inputs (
text
,url
,event
,job
) and an undefined number ofoutput
types.Let me show a few random DVM requests and responses I found on
wss://relay.damus.io
to demonstrate what I mean:This is a request to translate an event to English
json { "kind": 5002, "content": "", "tags": [ // NIP-90 says there can be multiple inputs, so how would a DVM handle translatting multiple events at once? [ "i", "<event-id>", "event" ], [ "param", "language", "en" ], // What other type of output would text translations be? image/jpeg? [ "output", "text/plain" ], // Do we really need to define relays? cant the DVM respond on the relays it saw the request on? [ "relays", "wss://relay.unknown.cloud/", "wss://nos.lol/" ] ] }
This is a request to generate text using an LLM model
json { "kind": 5050, // Why is the content empty? wouldn't it be better to have the prompt in the content? "content": "", "tags": [ // Why use an indexable tag? are we ever going to lookup prompts? // Also the type "prompt" isn't in NIP-90, this should probably be "text" [ "i", "What is the capital of France?", "prompt" ], [ "p", "c4878054cff877f694f5abecf18c7450f4b6fdf59e3e9cb3e6505a93c4577db2" ], [ "relays", "wss://relay.primal.net" ] ] }
This is a request for content recommendation
json { "kind": 5300, "content": "", "tags": [ // Its fine ignoring this param, but what if the client actually needs exactly 200 "results" [ "param", "max_results", "200" ], // The spec never mentions requesting content for other users. // If a DVM didn't understand this and responded to this request it would provide bad data [ "param", "user", "b22b06b051fd5232966a9344a634d956c3dc33a7f5ecdcad9ed11ddc4120a7f2" ], [ "relays", "wss://relay.primal.net", ], [ "p", "ceb7e7d688e8a704794d5662acb6f18c2455df7481833dd6c384b65252455a95" ] ] }
This is a request to create a OP_RETURN message on bitcoin
json { "kind": 5901, // Again why is the content empty when we are sending human readable text? "content": "", "tags": [ // and again, using an indexable tag on an input that will never need to be looked up ["i", "09/01/24 SEC Chairman on the brink of second ETF approval", "text"] ] }
My point isn't that these event schema's aren't understandable but why are they using the same schema? each use-case is different but are they all required to use the same
i
tag format as input and could support all 4 types of inputs.Lack of libraries
With all these different types of inputs, params, and outputs its verify difficult if not impossible to build libraries for DVMs
If a simple text translation request can have an
event
ortext
as inputs, apayment-required
status at any point in the flow, partial results, or responses from 10+ DVMs whats the best way to build a translation library for other nostr clients to use?And how do I build a DVM framework for the server side that can handle multiple inputs of all four types (
url
,text
,event
,job
) and clients are sending all the requests in slightly differently.Supporting payments is impossible
The way NIP-90 is written there isn't much details about payments. only a
payment-required
status and a genericamount
tagBut the way things are now every DVM is implementing payments differently. some send a bolt11 invoice, some expect the client to NIP-57 zap the request event (or maybe the status event), and some even ask for a subscription. and we haven't even started implementing NIP-61 nut zaps or cashu A few are even formatting the
amount
number wrong or denominating it in sats and not mili-satsBuilding a client or a library that can understand and handle all of these payment methods is very difficult. for the DVM server side its worse. A DVM server presumably needs to support all 4+ types of payments if they want to get the most sats for their services and support the most clients.
All of this is made even more complicated by the fact that a DVM can ask for payment at any point during the job process. this makes sense for some types of compute, but for others like translations or user recommendation / search it just makes things even more complicated.
For example, If a client wanted to implement a timeline page that showed the notes of all the pubkeys on a recommended list. what would they do when the selected DVM asks for payment at the start of the job? or at the end? or worse, only provides half the pubkeys and asks for payment for the other half. building a UI that could handle even just two of these possibilities is complicated.
NIP-89 is being abused
NIP-89 is "Recommended Application Handlers" and the way its describe in the nips repo is
a way to discover applications that can handle unknown event-kinds
Not "a way to discover everything"
If I wanted to build an application discovery app to show all the apps that your contacts use and let you discover new apps then it would have to filter out ALL the DVM advertisement events. and that's not just for making requests from relays
If the app shows the user their list of "recommended applications" then it either has to understand that everything in the 5xxx kind range is a DVM and to show that is its own category or show a bunch of unknown "favorites" in the list which might be confusing for the user.
In conclusion
My point in writing this article isn't that the DVMs implementations so far don't work, but that they will never work well because the spec is too broad. even with only a few DVMs running we have already lost interoperability.
I don't want to be completely negative though because some things have worked. the "DVM feeds" work, although they are limited to a single page of results. text / event translations also work well and kind
5970
Event PoW delegation could be cool. but if we want interoperability, we are going to need to change a few things with NIP-90I don't think we can (or should) abandon NIP-90 entirely but it would be good to break it up into small NIPs or specs. break each "kind" of DVM request out into its own spec with its own definitions for expected inputs, outputs and flow.
Then if we have simple, clean definitions for each kind of compute we want to distribute. we might actually see markets and services being built and used.
-
@ 6d5c826a:4b27b659
2025-05-23 21:52:43- Darcs - Cross-platform version control system, like git, mercurial or svn but with a very different approach: focus on changes rather than snapshots. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
Haskell
- Fossil - Distributed version control with built-in wiki and bug tracking. (Source Code)
BSD-2-Clause
C
- Git - Distributed revision control and source code management (SCM) with an emphasis on speed. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- Mercurial - Distributed source control management tool. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
Python/C/Rust
- Subversion - Client-server revision control system. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
C
- Darcs - Cross-platform version control system, like git, mercurial or svn but with a very different approach: focus on changes rather than snapshots. (Source Code)
-
@ 6d5c826a:4b27b659
2025-05-23 21:52:26- grml - Bootable Debian Live CD with powerful CLI tools. (Source Code)
GPL-3.0
Shell
- mitmproxy - A Python tool used for intercepting, viewing and modifying network traffic. Invaluable in troubleshooting certain problems. (Source Code)
MIT
Python
- mtr - Network utility that combines traceroute and ping. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- Sysdig - Capture system state and activity from a running Linux instance, then save, filter and analyze. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
Docker/Lua/C
- Wireshark - The world's foremost network protocol analyzer. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- grml - Bootable Debian Live CD with powerful CLI tools. (Source Code)
-
@ 0c65eba8:4a08ef9a
2025-05-24 15:09:03Why This Matters and Why You're Worth It
You are not here by accident. You are here because a part of you knows you were meant for something more. Not just fleeting romance. Not just swipes, dates, and dead ends. But real, enduring marriages rooted in strength, beauty, reciprocity, and trust. One that leads to family, legacy, and love that doesnât dissolve with time but deepens.
And yet, youâre being asked to do something that most women in history were never asked to do: choose your husband alone. Thatâs an incredible opportunity, but also a staggering risk. Choose well, and you build a joyful, secure life. Choose poorly, and the consequences can be devastating: emotional abuse, financial collapse, custody battles, long-term loneliness, or worse, a family without protection.
For centuries, women were guided. Communities, elders, and traditions helped narrow the field. Your tribe protected you. Your father filtered. Your aunties advised. They knew that mating is not merely emotional, it is economic, genetic, spiritual, and civilizational.
Today, most of those supports are gone. So now you must become the tribe. You must take responsibility for choosing wisely, and you must prepare yourself to be chosen by a man of wisdom, strength, and vision.
Thatâs why what follows is not emotional. Itâs not romantic. Itâs not easy. It is logical, operational, even harsh at times. Because lasting romance is earned by discipline. Because the real joy comes after the good decision is made. This document is your map, not to perfection, but to readiness.
This isnât just about finding happiness. Itâs about avoiding destruction. Iâve coached women for decades. Iâve seen the radiant peace of women who chose well, and the lifelong regret of those who didnât. This isnât theory. This is battlefield-tested. You may not like everything you read, but if you ignore it, you risk everything.
If you feel resistance, offense, or shame as you read, pause. Thatâs your signal. Itâs not an attack. Itâs a mirror. Let it reveal what still needs work. Avoid the temptation to point at men. This isnât about men. This is about you. What you can control. What you can correct. What you can become.
Marriage is not a reward for love. It is a role. Wife. Mother. These are roles of the highest stakes, and therefore the highest standards. Standards you are capable of meeting.
This guide is written with love, not judgment. With concern, not control. Itâs what every wise advisor, mentor, or coach whoâs helped women into happy marriages would tell you. Youâre not alone. But you are responsible.
Read with humility. Audit with courage. Plan with clarity. Change with resolve.
Natural Law Audit and Prescriptive Protocol for Female Readiness for Marriage-Intentional Courtship
Premise: From first principles of evolutionary necessity, behavioral causality, and the operational grammar of reciprocity, readiness for courtship with the intent of long-term pair bonding (marriage) is a function of a womanâs demonstrated ability to perform, signal, and sustain reciprocal value exchange over the duration of the male provisioning cycle. Courtship is a pre-contractual test of such capacity. This document synthesizes an evaluative and prescriptive audit for determining and restoring such readiness.
Meta-Readiness Considerations
I. Life Outcome Clarity and Expectation Calibration
Premise: A woman must understand what outcomes she genuinely seeks from life, maternal, relational, vocational, spiritual, or aesthetic, before selecting a mate. Courtship is a selection process for shared long-term production.
Natural Law Insight: Female wants are expansive and intertemporally unstable. Realism in selecting a partner requires narrowing aspirations to those outcomes reciprocally supportable by a maleâs provisioning capacity. Misalignment between life design and mate capability produces disillusionment and conflict.
Recommendations:
-
Conduct a âLife Outcome Auditâ to articulate non-negotiables vs. preferences.
-
Match aspirations (children, homemaking, lifestyle, location, work-life balance) to realistic provisioning tiers.
-
Recognize that hyperagency (excessive standards) without equivalent demonstrated value violates reciprocity.
-
Document target lifestyle and review against potential partnerâs trajectory during vetting.
Conclusion: Selection must follow vision. A woman who does not know what she wants cannot choose a man who can build it with her.
II. Embedding in Normative Male-Led Communities
Premise: Participating in a structured, ethically-aligned male-led social network dramatically reduces pair-bonding risk and increases quality of mate options.
Natural Law Insight: Communities that enforce sexual modesty, honor reputation, and reward prosocial male leadership mirror Natural Law principles, even if expressed culturally or religiously. These environments serve as distributed vetting and enforcement systems.
Recommendations:
-
Seek participation in conservative religious congregations, traditional civic groups, or equivalent.
-
Avoid transient, libertine, or hyper-individualist networks that degrade accountability.
-
Use community gatekeepers as filters, eligible men will be known, observed, and reputation-bound.
-
Treat integration in such a network as a protective feature and quality signal, not a limitation.
Conclusion: Community is a vector of protection and opportunity. Women embedded in moral-order networks access both higher quality males and functional support for long-term bonding.
I. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND PRESENTATION
Functional Purpose: A womanâs physical presentation is not merely aesthetic, it is informational. It signals fertility, vitality, health, discipline, and self-respect. These traits are instinctively interpreted by men as indicators of long-term reproductive potential and cooperative stability. Sustained male interest begins with visible cues of youth and wellness, but is maintained by consistency in feminine self-maintenance. Being attractive is not about glamour; it is about broadcasting readiness for life partnership.
Operational Criteria:
-
Body Composition: WHR 0.7 Âą 0.05, BMI 18.5â24.9.
-
Grooming: Routine hygiene, maintained hair, nails, skin.
-
Attire: Modest-congruent, form-accentuating without provocation.
-
Posture: Upright, balanced gait, open body language.
-
Non-Verbal Signaling: Frequent smiling, consistent eye contact.
Disqualifiers:
- Obesity, slovenliness, odor, posture collapse, erratic non-verbal cues.
Disqualifier Correction Protocol:
-
Minimum Standard: Restore BMI and WHR to target range, posture correction, grooming compliance.
-
Action Steps:
-
Daily calorie-controlled nutrition plan (90â120 days to compliance).
-
4x/week resistance/postural training.
-
Monthly wardrobe and grooming audit.
-
Mirror practice of expressiveness and gait.
Distinction: Short-term aesthetic changes do not replace sustained behavioral fitness.
II. PSYCHOLOGICAL MATURITY AND EMOTIONAL REGULATION
Functional Purpose: Emotional stability is not optional for pair bonding, it is foundational. A woman who cannot manage her internal state reliably becomes a source of constant stress for her partner, degrading his ability to provide, protect, and lead. Men bond most deeply with women who are consistent, safe, and affirming, not volatile or draining. Maturity means knowing how to pause, self-regulate, and respond thoughtfully rather than impulsively.
Operational Criteria:
-
Self-awareness, stable mood regulation, behavioral consistency.
-
Absence of excessive neuroticism, emotional impulsivity, passive aggression.
Disqualifiers:
- Excessive neuroticism, emotional impulsivity, public displays of instability, passive aggression.
Disqualifier Correction Protocol:
-
Minimum Standard: Self-narrative coherence, routine maintenance, calm conflict responses.
-
Action Steps:
-
30-day emotional trigger journaling.
-
Daily stoic self-inquiry and reframing.
-
90-day blackout on reactive digital communication.
-
Implement and maintain consistent wake/sleep rituals.
-
Avoid all stimulants.
Distinction: Restraint under pressure must be structural, not performative.
III. COGNITIVE AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Functional Purpose: Communication is the method by which needs, boundaries, plans, and responsibilities are negotiated in a family. A woman must be able to communicate her emotional and logistical realities without blame, manipulation, or avoidance. Equally, she must interpret and respect male communication styles and incentives. High-agency men require cooperative, reasoned conversation, not passive-aggressive signaling or emotional coercion.
Operational Criteria:
-
Rational dialogue, introspective clarity, emotional literacy.
-
Absence of GSRRM (Gossip, Shaming, Ridicule, Rallying, Moralizing).
Disqualifiers:
- Use of GSRRM tactics (Gossip, Shaming, Ridicule, Rallying, Moralizing), evasion, blame-shifting.
Disqualifier Correction Protocol:
-
Minimum Standard: Reasoned expression of internal states; dialectical discipline.
-
Action Steps:
-
Daily dialectic journaling (4-week review).
-
Replace projection/blame with inquiry scripting.
-
Weekly event narrative with personal responsibility.
-
Quarterly communication training.
-
Read Become Immune to Manipulation: How They Are Manipulating You (And How to Resist It) by Noah Revoy.
Distinction: Pleasantry and silence differ from communicative reciprocity.
IV. SOCIAL AND COOPERATIVE COMPETENCE
Functional Purpose: Marriage is not an isolated bond, it is embedded in a broader network of families, communities, and social systems. A woman must be able to adapt fluidly to cooperative roles, shifting from girlfriend to wife to mother without resisting the demands of each. Her ability to function harmoniously in social settings, defer to appropriate leadership, and support group cohesion is a strong indicator of her long-term fitness.
Operational Criteria:
-
Conflict de-escalation, status modesty, role fluidity.
-
Absence of contempt, manipulation, sabotage.
Disqualifiers:
- Misapplied contempt (directed at good-faith men or authority), sabotage of cooperative efforts, status-seeking via sexual leverage, or acts of public emasculation.
Disqualifier Correction Protocol:
-
Minimum Standard: Predictable, low-disruption group participation.
-
Action Steps:
-
Weekly feedback log on public interactions.
-
Acts of service in mixed-gender settings.
-
Non-romantic emulation of maternal/wifely behaviors.
-
Quarterly behavioral reviews with mentors or peers.
Distinction: Performative compliance without habituation is void.
V. DOMESTIC, ECONOMIC, AND LIFE-MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Functional Purpose: A stable household requires competence. Budgeting, scheduling, nutrition, and conflict resolution are not luxuries, they are the minimum viable functions of adult partnership. A woman who cannot manage herself will become a burden rather than a support. Readiness for marriage begins with self-sufficiency and extends into shared efficiency.
Operational Criteria:
-
Budgeting, scheduling, self-care, dietary planning.
-
Absence of chaos, compulsive consumption, disorganization.
Disqualifiers:
- Disorganized space, calendar chaos, debt, compulsive shopping, food delivery dependency.
Disqualifier Correction Protocol:
-
Minimum Standard: Domestic order, fiscal responsibility, time-discipline.
-
Action Steps:
-
30-day meal planning and budget logging.
-
Daily scheduling log with deviation analysis.
-
Audit digital purchases and reduce reliance on delivery.
-
14-day abstention from sugar, caffeine.
Distinction: Delegation without demonstrated competence is invalid.
VI. ATTITUDES AND WORLDVIEW ALIGNMENT
Functional Purpose: Every relationship is governed by implicit contracts. A womanâs worldview, what she believes about men, family, and authority, determines how she will perform in a marriage. If she views cooperation as oppression or expects benefits without contribution, she will destroy rather than build. Internal alignment with reciprocal duty and family structure is a non-negotiable foundation.
Operational Criteria:
-
Anti-entitlement, feminine aspiration, hierarchical acceptance.
-
Absence of adversarial ideology or egalitarian contractarianism.
Disqualifiers:
- Egalitarian contractarianism, careerism as identity, adversarial gender worldview.
Disqualifier Correction Protocol:
-
Minimum Standard: Adoption of reciprocal family economy worldview.
-
Action Steps:
-
Weekly entitlement vs obligation journaling.
-
Daily voluntary submission (non-critical contexts).
-
Narrative scripting using duty-driven framing.
-
Filter digital input to remove adversarial gender content.
Distinction: Ideological mimicry does not equal behavioral conversion.
VII. RISK PROFILE AND PAST BEHAVIOR
Functional Purpose: Past behavior is the strongest predictor of future conduct. A womanâs sexual, relational, and reputational history provides data on her loyalty, judgment, and risk to a manâs legacy. Men who are serious about marriage must screen for long-term predictability, not just short-term chemistry. Women who ignore their own histories are not protecting their futures.
Operational Criteria:
-
Modest sexual history, loyalty trend, third-party validation.
-
Absence of casual sex, serial monogamy, public instability.
Disqualifiers:
- History of casual sex, serial monogamy, divorce, paternity ambiguity, public drama.
Disqualifier Correction Protocol:
-
Minimum Standard: Transparent discontinuity with past disqualifiers.
-
Action Steps:
-
Public accounting of relationship past with responsibility acceptance.
-
Minimum 12-month monogamy/celibacy with logs.
-
Elimination of overt sexual signaling across all platforms.
-
Third-party testimonial verification.
Distinction: Claims of transformation without time-bound behavior are void.
Phased Rehabilitation Timeline for Readiness Restoration
Phase 1: Stabilization (Months 1â3)
-
Priority: Risk profile correction, emotional regulation, lifestyle order.
-
Focus: Sexual abstinence, emotional journaling, sleep/nutrition discipline.
Phase 2: Skill-Building (Months 4â6)
-
Priority: Domestic, communicative, and cognitive skills.
-
Focus: Meal budgeting, dialectical journaling, social role practice.
Phase 3: Social Re-Integration (Months 7â9)
-
Priority: Cooperative group behavior and worldview realignment.
-
Focus: Status modesty, deference rituals, ideological detox.
Phase 4: Courtship Re-Entry (Months 10â12)
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Priority: Testifiability under male scrutiny, courtship conduct.
-
Focus: Third-party vetting system, courtship standards, mate discernment.
VIII. COURTSHIP ENTRY AND MALE VETTING PROTOCOL
Functional Purpose: The purpose of structured courtship and male vetting is to shift mate selection from emotionally reactive behavior to long-term rational strategy. Most modern women are tasked with a role their ancestors never bore alone: selecting a lifelong partner without the protective oversight of tribe, father, or community. This exposes them to profound risk, emotional, financial, sexual, and familial. Vetting is not a lack of faith in love, it is the discipline that makes real love sustainable.
By externalizing judgment to trusted men or professionals, a woman guards herself against the distortions of courtship neurochemistry (oxytocin, dopamine) and social pressure. More importantly, it signals to high-quality men that she values her future family enough to be discerning, and that she respects male judgment and leadership. Just as no wise man commits to a woman without proof of her virtue, no wise woman should commit to a man without proof of his character, stability, and alignment.
Vetting protects not only her body and emotions, but her legacy, and the children who will bear its consequences.
Operational Requirements:
-
Demonstrated sobriety from hormonal and emotional bias.
-
Third-party male oversight in mate evaluation.
Action Steps:
-
Triadic Vetting Structure: Enlist a minimum of two elder males (father, uncle, mentor) who:
-
Are happily married 10+ years.
-
Possess demonstrated judgment and ethical stability.
-
Have no romantic or competitive incentive to deceive.
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Professional Support: If elder males are unavailable, retain a professional (licensed counselor, coach) with contractual duty of candor and no financial conflict of interest.
-
Vetting Sessions: All prospective partners undergo:
-
Disclosure-based interviews with vetting males.
-
Verification of sexual, financial, legal, and familial history.
-
Compatibility interrogation (religion, children, discipline, division of labor).
-
Hormonal Delay Protocol: Minimum 60-day abstention from physical intimacy until vetting phase is complete.
-
Documented Criteria: Maintain a checklist of reciprocal standards the male must meet (providing ability, decision-making, loyalty pattern, worldview alignment).
Rationale: Women under the influence of courtship neurochemicals (oxytocin, dopamine, serotonin) are neurologically biased toward over-valuation of male partners. This distortion is adaptive post-bonding but maladaptive pre-selection. Vetting externalizes judgment to disinterested, higher-agency observers.
Note for Both Sexes:
While this document serves women, the male counterpart should be studied concurrently. Understanding reciprocal obligations fosters selection integrity and eliminates false expectations. No woman should expect to secure a high-agency male without mirroring his investment in functional excellence, and vice versa.
Conclusion to Audit:
Readiness for marriage is a matter of demonstrated, reciprocal, operational fitnessânot sentiment, rhetoric, or intention. This audit functions as both diagnostic and prescriptive framework. Each category of deficiency includes explicit steps for behavioral restitution. The phased timeline and courtship protocol ensure that no woman attempts entry into high-agency courtship without functional repair and reciprocal discernment. A woman prepared for marriage does not merely seek to be chosen; she earns rational preference by manifesting continuous, falsifiable, reciprocal value.
Final Word: You've Got This
You made it. That alone sets you apart. Most never read past the first page of what challenges them.
Now what?
If you identified areas where you fall short, good. That means the audit is working. Donât stop there. Make a plan. Tackle one area at a time. Track progress. Be honest. Be relentless. And if you get stuck, ask. Ask someone older. Someone stable. Someone who has walked this path. Ask a happily married woman with children. Or invest in a professional who can guide you.
You were not meant to do this alone, but you are responsible for doing it honestly.
This path is hard. But so is being alone. So is pretending. So is chasing dreams built on fantasy instead of reality.
The woman who builds herself is the woman who builds a family. And the woman who builds a family, builds a civilization.
Youâre not just choosing a man. Youâre choosing a future.
Make it one worth living.
Common Objections, Honest Answers
âI donât know any men worth putting that much effort in for.â Thatâs not because they donât exist, itâs because the kind of man youâre looking for doesnât advertise himself in chaos. High-value men are selective. They move in ordered circles, and they protect what theyâve built from anyone who might destabilize it. You wonât find them until youâve become the kind of woman who belongs in that world.
âI donât match several of these criteria and I still get plenty of attention from men.â Thereâs a difference between attention and intention. If you were attracting men who want to marry you, youâd be married. Being desired for casual access is not a sign of value, itâs often a sign of availability. Learn to tell the difference.
âReal men shouldnât care about looks or checklists like this.â Real men care about what your appearance and habits say about your discipline, health, and self-respect. Theyâre not looking for shallow beauty, theyâre looking for signs of stability and readiness. Being attractive is not about cosmetics. Itâs about coherence. If you expect a man to invest everything in you, itâs fair that he checks the foundation.
âItâs judgmental, misogynistic, or unkind to talk about women like this.â Judging is what humans do. Youâre judging this article right now. We all judge, because judgment is how we protect ourselves. Men who donât know you canât love you yet, they must judge first. Once they trust you, then love grows. This isnât cruelty. Itâs the path to safety.
âThis is the most autistic, robotic thing Iâve ever read.â It might feel clinical. But the problems it addresses are deadly serious. Your feelings matter, but they wonât save your future. Logic is here to protect what feelings often ruin. Thereâs room for emotion, after the right foundation is laid.
âNo man puts this much effort into judging women.â Some donât. But you donât want those men. Low-effort men are often desperate, flawed, or hiding their own disqualifiers. The kind of man who has the strength to say ânoâ to a woman is the same man who can say âyesâ with purpose, and keep his promise.
âShouldnât love be unconditional?â Love isnât based on your mood swings, but it is based on your virtue. We fall in love with the goodness in people, not just their personalities. Character inspires devotion. The stronger your character, the stronger and more lasting the love you will inspire.
âIf I donât want to change, shouldnât someone love me as I am?â They might, but will they stay? You can love someone and still walk away if the cost is too high. Change isnât about earning love, itâs about keeping it. Becoming better for yourself is the first act of love. Everything else flows from that.
âWhy should I change just to get a man?â You shouldnât. You should change to become your best self, healthier, stronger, more peaceful. That version of you will not only attract the right man, but sheâll enjoy her life more. Becoming marriageable is a side effect of becoming excellent. Do it for you. The right man will just be the reward.
-
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@ 6d5c826a:4b27b659
2025-05-23 21:52:06- Docker Compose - Define and run multi-container Docker applications. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
Go
- Docker Swarm - Manage cluster of Docker Engines. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
Go
- Docker - Platform for developers and sysadmins to build, ship, and run distributed applications. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
Go
- LXC - Userspace interface for the Linux kernel containment features. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- LXD - Container "hypervisor" and a better UX for LXC. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
Go
- OpenVZ - Container-based virtualization for Linux. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- Podman - Daemonless container engine for developing, managing, and running OCI Containers on your Linux System. Containers can either be run as root or in rootless mode. Simply put:
alias docker=podman
. (Source Code)Apache-2.0
Go
- Portainer Community Edition - Simple management UI for Docker. (Source Code)
Zlib
Go
- systemd-nspawn - Lightweight, chroot-like, environment to run an OS or command directly under systemd. (Source Code)
GPL-2.0
C
- Docker Compose - Define and run multi-container Docker applications. (Source Code)
-
@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43
2025-04-15 04:55:49Esteemed representatives of Risa,
We gather here under the calming glow of our twin suns, stewards of a society admired for its peace and celebrated for its tranquility. But we must not mistake serenity for passivity, nor confuse peace with weakness. Our peace is not an accident. It is not the byproduct of ignorance or naivety. It is hard-earnedâpreserved by those willing to stand vigilant in its defense.
Love as a Foundation, Strength as a Shield
Love conquers hate. This is the core truth of Risan philosophy. Yet, as every Ricin child is taught, love without strength is a leaf in the wind. The Ricin do not lay down their lives without resistance. We do not ask our people to accept violence without confronting it. True peace is not imposed by stripping the people of their agencyâit is built by enabling them to protect it.
The Lessons of a Failed Experiment
There was a time, not so distant in our history, when we attempted to enforce peace through the abolition of all weapons. A time when even the mention of self-defense in our educational centers was met with rebuke. Schools purged training programs. Cultural arts that honored our warrior traditions were dismissed. And for a brief moment, we believed this would lead us to harmony.
But peace born from helplessness is a fragile illusion. It fractures under the slightest pressure. And fracture it didâwhen off-world raiders targeted our unguarded sanctuaries, when radical sects within our own society struck out, knowing the citizenry could not defend itself. It was then that we remembered: Risaâs greatest peacekeepers had always been those who knew how to fightâbut chose restraint.
The Age of Ricin and the Reawakening of Discipline
So we returned to our roots. To the traditions of the Age of Ricin, when youth, upon reaching maturity, were taught not only the arts of compassion and creation but also the martial disciplines. They learn to wield weaponsânot to glorify violence, but to understand it. To control it. To stand firm against it when all else fails.
https://i.nostr.build/kuUjRovISz7367TX.jpg
We do not romanticize war. We do not celebrate conflict. But we prepare for it, should it seek to extinguish our light. Our children now learn the disciplines of defense alongside their studies in poetry, music, and healing. They spar with blunt blades under the watchful eyes of masters. They meditate on the consequences of force. And they grow into citizens not easily provoked, but never unprepared.
A Call for Balance, Not Extremes
Let those beyond our borders question our ways. Let them forget the countless incursions by the Romulans. Let them ignore the scars left by centuries of subversion from the Orion Syndicate. We do not forget. We remember the lives lost, the liberties challenged, and the lessons learned through suffering. These experiences shaped us.
We do not wish to return to the era of soft silence, when teachers trembled at the word "weapon" and children were told that even imagination was dangerous. That was not enlightenment. That was indoctrination.
Conclusion: Guarding the Flame
We are the guardians of Risaâs flameânot just with words and treaties, but with discipline and readiness. We have made peace a practice, and preparation a virtue. And so I say to this chamber: let us never again disarm our people in the name of utopia. Let us never confuse comfort with safety, or the absence of weapons with the presence of peace.
Instead, let us raise generations who know what peace costs, and who will pay that priceânot with surrender, but with courage.
Let our children be artists, lovers, dreamersâand if necessary, defenders.
This is the Risan way.
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@ 6d5c826a:4b27b659
2025-05-23 21:49:50- Consul - Consul is a tool for service discovery, monitoring and configuration. (Source Code)
MPL-2.0
Go
- etcd - Distributed K/V-Store, authenticating via SSL PKI and a REST HTTP Api for shared configuration and service discovery. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
Go
- ZooKeeper - ZooKeeper is a centralized service for maintaining configuration information, naming, providing distributed synchronization, and providing group services. (Source Code)
Apache-2.0
Java/C++
- Consul - Consul is a tool for service discovery, monitoring and configuration. (Source Code)