@ a39d19ec:3d88f61e

Die Debatte um Migration, Grenzsicherung und Abschiebungen wird in Deutschland meist emotional geführt. Wer fordert, dass illegale Einwanderer abgeschoben werden, sieht sich nicht selten dem Vorwurf des Rassismus ausgesetzt. Doch dieser Vorwurf ist nicht nur sachlich unbegründet, sondern verkehrt die Realität ins Gegenteil: Tatsächlich sind es gerade diejenigen, die hinter jeder Forderung nach Rechtssicherheit eine rassistische Motivation vermuten, die selbst in erster Linie nach Hautfarbe, Herkunft oder Nationalität urteilen.

Das Recht steht über Emotionen

Deutschland ist ein Rechtsstaat. Das bedeutet, dass Regeln nicht nach Bauchgefühl oder politischer Stimmungslage ausgelegt werden können, sondern auf klaren gesetzlichen Grundlagen beruhen müssen. Einer dieser Grundsätze ist in Artikel 16a des Grundgesetzes verankert. Dort heißt es:

„Auf Absatz 1 [Asylrecht] kann sich nicht berufen, wer aus einem Mitgliedstaat der Europäischen Gemeinschaften oder aus einem anderen Drittstaat einreist, in dem die Anwendung des Abkommens über die Rechtsstellung der Flüchtlinge und der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention sichergestellt ist.“

Das bedeutet, dass jeder, der über sichere Drittstaaten nach Deutschland einreist, keinen Anspruch auf Asyl hat. Wer dennoch bleibt, hält sich illegal im Land auf und unterliegt den geltenden Regelungen zur Rückführung. Die Forderung nach Abschiebungen ist daher nichts anderes als die Forderung nach der Einhaltung von Recht und Gesetz.

Die Umkehrung des Rassismusbegriffs

Wer einerseits behauptet, dass das deutsche Asyl- und Aufenthaltsrecht strikt durchgesetzt werden soll, und andererseits nicht nach Herkunft oder Hautfarbe unterscheidet, handelt wertneutral. Diejenigen jedoch, die in einer solchen Forderung nach Rechtsstaatlichkeit einen rassistischen Unterton sehen, projizieren ihre eigenen Denkmuster auf andere: Sie unterstellen, dass die Debatte ausschließlich entlang ethnischer, rassistischer oder nationaler Kriterien geführt wird – und genau das ist eine rassistische Denkweise.

Jemand, der illegale Einwanderung kritisiert, tut dies nicht, weil ihn die Herkunft der Menschen interessiert, sondern weil er den Rechtsstaat respektiert. Hingegen erkennt jemand, der hinter dieser Kritik Rassismus wittert, offenbar in erster Linie die „Rasse“ oder Herkunft der betreffenden Personen und reduziert sie darauf.

Finanzielle Belastung statt ideologischer Debatte

Neben der rechtlichen gibt es auch eine ökonomische Komponente. Der deutsche Wohlfahrtsstaat basiert auf einem Solidarprinzip: Die Bürger zahlen in das System ein, um sich gegenseitig in schwierigen Zeiten zu unterstützen. Dieser Wohlstand wurde über Generationen hinweg von denjenigen erarbeitet, die hier seit langem leben. Die Priorität liegt daher darauf, die vorhandenen Mittel zuerst unter denjenigen zu verteilen, die durch Steuern, Sozialabgaben und Arbeit zum Erhalt dieses Systems beitragen – nicht unter denen, die sich durch illegale Einreise und fehlende wirtschaftliche Eigenleistung in das System begeben.

Das ist keine ideologische Frage, sondern eine rein wirtschaftliche Abwägung. Ein Sozialsystem kann nur dann nachhaltig funktionieren, wenn es nicht unbegrenzt belastet wird. Würde Deutschland keine klaren Regeln zur Einwanderung und Abschiebung haben, würde dies unweigerlich zur Überlastung des Sozialstaates führen – mit negativen Konsequenzen für alle.

Sozialpatriotismus

Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt ist der Schutz der Arbeitsleistung jener Generationen, die Deutschland nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg mühsam wieder aufgebaut haben. Während oft betont wird, dass die Deutschen moralisch kein Erbe aus der Zeit vor 1945 beanspruchen dürfen – außer der Verantwortung für den Holocaust –, ist es umso bedeutsamer, das neue Erbe nach 1945 zu respektieren, das auf Fleiß, Disziplin und harter Arbeit beruht. Der Wiederaufbau war eine kollektive Leistung deutscher Menschen, deren Früchte nicht bedenkenlos verteilt werden dürfen, sondern vorrangig denjenigen zugutekommen sollten, die dieses Fundament mitgeschaffen oder es über Generationen mitgetragen haben.

Rechtstaatlichkeit ist nicht verhandelbar

Wer sich für eine konsequente Abschiebepraxis ausspricht, tut dies nicht aus rassistischen Motiven, sondern aus Respekt vor der Rechtsstaatlichkeit und den wirtschaftlichen Grundlagen des Landes. Der Vorwurf des Rassismus in diesem Kontext ist daher nicht nur falsch, sondern entlarvt eine selektive Wahrnehmung nach rassistischen Merkmalen bei denjenigen, die ihn erheben.

@ 39cc53c9:27168656

Read the original blog post

The new website is finally live! I put in a lot of hard work over the past months on it. I'm proud to say that it's out now and it looks pretty cool, at least to me!

Why rewrite it all?

The old kycnot.me site was built using Python with Flask about two years ago. Since then, I've gained a lot more experience with Golang and coding in general. Trying to update that old codebase, which had a lot of design flaws, would have been a bad idea. It would have been like building on an unstable foundation.

That's why I made the decision to rewrite the entire application. Initially, I chose to use SvelteKit with JavaScript. I did manage to create a stable site that looked similar to the new one, but it required Jav aScript to work. As I kept coding, I started feeling like I was repeating "the Python mistake". I was writing the app in a language I wasn't very familiar with (just like when I was learning Python at that mom ent), and I wasn't happy with the code. It felt like spaghetti code all the time.

So, I made a complete U-turn and started over, this time using Golang. While I'm not as proficient in Golang as I am in Python now, I find it to be a very enjoyable language to code with. Most aof my recent pr ojects have been written in Golang, and I'm getting the hang of it. I tried to make the best decisions I could and structure the code as well as possible. Of course, there's still room for improvement, which I'll address in future updates.

Now I have a more maintainable website that can scale much better. It uses a real database instead of a JSON file like the old site, and I can add many more features. Since I chose to go with Golang, I mad e the "tradeoff" of not using JavaScript at all, so all the rendering load falls on the server. But I believe it's a tradeoff that's worth it.

What's new

• UI/UX - I've designed a new logo and color palette for kycnot.me. I think it looks pretty cool and cypherpunk. I am not a graphic designer, but I think I did a decent work and I put a lot of thinking on it to make it pleasant!
• Point system - The new point system provides more detailed information about the listings, and can be expanded to cover additional features across all services. Anyone can request a new point!
• ToS Scrapper: I've implemented a powerful automated terms-of-service scrapper that collects all the ToS pages from the listings. It saves you from the hassle of reading the ToS by listing the lines that are suspiciously related to KYC/AML practices. This is still in development and it will improve for sure, but it works pretty fine right now!
• Search bar - The new search bar allows you to easily filter services. It performs a full-text search on the Title, Description, Category, and Tags of all the services. Looking for VPN services? Just search for "vpn"!
• Transparency - To be more transparent, all discussions about services now take place publicly on GitLab. I won't be answering any e-mails (an auto-reply will prompt to write to the corresponding Gitlab issue). This ensures that all service-related matters are publicly accessible and recorded. Additionally, there's a real-time audits page that displays database changes.
• Listing Requests - I have upgraded the request system. The new form allows you to directly request services or points without any extra steps. In the future, I plan to enable requests for specific changes to parts of the website.
• Lightweight and fast - The new site is lighter and faster than its predecessor!
• Tor and I2P - At last! kycnot.me is now officially on Tor and I2P!

How?

This rewrite has been a labor of love, in the end, I've been working on this for more than 3 months now. I don't have a team, so I work by myself on my free time, but I find great joy in helping people on their private journey with cryptocurrencies. Making it easier for individuals to use cryptocurrencies without KYC is a goal I am proud of!

If you appreciate my work, you can support me through the methods listed here. Alternatively, feel free to send me an email with a kind message!

Technical details

All the code is written in Golang, the website makes use of the chi router for the routing part. I also make use of BigCache for caching database requests. There is 0 JavaScript, so all the rendering load falls on the server, this means it needed to be efficient enough to not drawn with a few users since the old site was reporting about 2M requests per month on average (note that this are not unique users).

The database is running with mariadb, using gorm as the ORM. This is more than enough for this project. I started working with an sqlite database, but I ended up migrating to mariadb since it works better with JSON.

The scraper is using chromedp combined with a series of keywords, regex and other logic. It runs every 24h and scraps all the services. You can find the scraper code here.

The frontend is written using Golang Templates for the HTML, and TailwindCSS plus DaisyUI for the CSS classes framework. I also use some plain CSS, but it's minimal.

The requests forms is the only part of the project that requires JavaScript to be enabled. It is needed for parsing some from fields that are a bit complex and for the "captcha", which is a simple Proof of Work that runs on your browser, destinated to avoid spam. For this, I use mCaptcha.

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install VLC Media Player
2. Open the app, navigate to More and tap New Stream
3. Enter https://iptv-org.github.io/iptv/index.m3u in the network address field and tap the arrow
4. Enjoy the global IPTV channel playlist

🔗️ Here is the stream URL as plain text: https://iptv-org.github.io/iptv/index.m3u

ℹ️ For playlists of specific countries, categories, or languages, visit IPTV-Org and see the Playlists section

ℹ️ You can find an overview of all available IPTV channels per country here

@ 6fc114c7:8f4b1405

In the realm of cryptocurrency, the stakes are incredibly high, and losing access to your digital assets can be a daunting experience. But don’t worry — cryptrecver.com is here to transform that nightmare into a reality! With expert-led recovery services and leading-edge technology, Crypt Recver specializes in helping you regain access to your lost Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

Why Choose Crypt Recver? 🤔 🔑 Expertise You Can Trust At Crypt Recver, we blend advanced technology with skilled engineers who have a solid track record in crypto recovery. Whether you’ve forgotten your passwords, lost your private keys, or encountered issues with damaged hardware wallets, our team is ready to assist.

⚡ Fast Recovery Process Time is crucial when recovering lost funds. Crypt Recver’s systems are designed for speed, enabling quick recoveries — allowing you to return to what matters most: trading and investing.

🎯 High Success Rate With a success rate exceeding 90%, our recovery team has aided numerous clients in regaining access to their lost assets. We grasp the complexities of cryptocurrency and are committed to providing effective solutions.

🛡️ Confidential & Secure Your privacy is paramount. All recovery sessions at Crypt Recver are encrypted and completely confidential. You can trust us with your information, knowing we uphold the highest security standards.

🔧 Advanced Recovery Tools We employ proprietary tools and techniques to tackle complex recovery scenarios, from retrieving corrupted wallets to restoring coins from invalid addresses. No matter the challenge, we have a solution.

Our Recovery Services Include: 📈 Bitcoin Recovery: Lost access to your Bitcoin wallet? We can assist in recovering lost wallets, private keys, and passphrases. Transaction Recovery: Mistaken transfers, lost passwords, or missing transaction records — let us help you reclaim your funds! Cold Wallet Restoration: Did your cold wallet fail? We specialize in safely extracting assets. Private Key Generation: Forgotten your private key? We can help you generate new keys linked to your funds without compromising security. Don’t Let Lost Crypto Ruin Your Day! 🕒 With an estimated 3 to 3.4 million BTC lost forever, it’s essential to act quickly when facing access issues. Whether you’ve been affected by a dust attack or simply forgotten your key, Crypt Recver provides the support you need to reclaim your digital assets.

🚀 Start Your Recovery Now! Ready to retrieve your cryptocurrency? Don’t let uncertainty hold you back! 👉 Request Wallet Recovery Help Today!cryptrecver.com

Need Immediate Assistance? 📞 For quick queries or support, connect with us on: ✉️ Telegram: t.me/crypptrcver 💬 WhatsApp: +1(941)317–1821

Trust Crypt Recver for the best crypto recovery service — get back to trading with confidence! 💪In the realm of cryptocurrency, the stakes are incredibly high, and losing access to your digital assets can be a daunting experience. But don’t worry — cryptrecver.com is here to transform that nightmare into a reality! With expert-led recovery services and leading-edge technology, Crypt Recver specializes in helping you regain access to your lost Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

# Why Choose Crypt Recver? 🤔

🔑 Expertise You Can Trust\ At Crypt Recver, we blend advanced technology with skilled engineers who have a solid track record in crypto recovery. Whether you’ve forgotten your passwords, lost your private keys, or encountered issues with damaged hardware wallets, our team is ready to assist.

⚡ Fast Recovery Process\ Time is crucial when recovering lost funds. Crypt Recver’s systems are designed for speed, enabling quick recoveries — allowing you to return to what matters most: trading and investing.

🎯 High Success Rate\ With a success rate exceeding 90%, our recovery team has aided numerous clients in regaining access to their lost assets. We grasp the complexities of cryptocurrency and are committed to providing effective solutions.

🛡️ Confidential & Secure\ Your privacy is paramount. All recovery sessions at Crypt Recver are encrypted and completely confidential. You can trust us with your information, knowing we uphold the highest security standards.

🔧 Advanced Recovery Tools\ We employ proprietary tools and techniques to tackle complex recovery scenarios, from retrieving corrupted wallets to restoring coins from invalid addresses. No matter the challenge, we have a solution.

# Our Recovery Services Include: 📈

• Bitcoin Recovery: Lost access to your Bitcoin wallet? We can assist in recovering lost wallets, private keys, and passphrases.
• Transaction Recovery: Mistaken transfers, lost passwords, or missing transaction records — let us help you reclaim your funds!
• Cold Wallet Restoration: Did your cold wallet fail? We specialize in safely extracting assets.
• Private Key Generation: Forgotten your private key? We can help you generate new keys linked to your funds without compromising security.

Don’t Let Lost Crypto Ruin Your Day! 🕒

With an estimated 3 to 3.4 million BTC lost forever, it’s essential to act quickly when facing access issues. Whether you’ve been affected by a dust attack or simply forgotten your key, Crypt Recver provides the support you need to reclaim your digital assets.

🚀 Start Your Recovery Now!\ Ready to retrieve your cryptocurrency? Don’t let uncertainty hold you back!\ 👉 Request Wallet Recovery Help Today!cryptrecver.com

Need Immediate Assistance? 📞

For quick queries or support, connect with us on:\ ✉️ Telegram: t.me/crypptrcver\ 💬 WhatsApp: +1(941)317–1821

Trust Crypt Recver for the best crypto recovery service — get back to trading with confidence! 💪

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Using a discussion style post to get better formatting on the nostr cross-post.

The Fed Leaves Fed Funds Rate at 4.5% as Economic Storm Clouds Gather

by Ryan McMaken

The Fed is now hemmed in by a rising risk of stagflation. It doesn’t know where the economy is headed, or is unwilling to take a position. At this point, “hope for the best” is Fed policy.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/975059

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

list #foss #descentralismo

---

Nostr Games

• Chesstr - Chess 🌐 [source]
• Jestr - Chess [source] 🌐
• Snakestr - Snake game [source] 🌐
• DEG Mods - Decentralized Game Mods [info] [source] 🌐
• NG Engine - Nostr Game Engine [source] 🌐
• JmonkeyEngine - Java game engine [source] 🌐

---

Android

• Mindustry - Sandbox Tower-defence and RTS [source] 🤖
• SuperTuxKart - Mario Kart with Tux (linux penguin) [source] 🤖 | 🐧🪟🍎
• SolitaireCG - Solitaire Cardgames [source] 🤖

---

Rhythm

• Friday Night Funkin' - [source] [download] 🌐🐧🪟🍎
• Open Saber - Beat Saber VR like (requires a VR) [source] 🌐🐧🪟🤖
• RhythmAdventure - Osu! remake [source]

---

Voxel

• Luanti / Minetest - Minecraft-like voxel game and engine in Lua [info] [source]
• VoxeLibre / MineClone2 - Famous Luanti / Minetest mod [source] [source2]
• Veloren - Cubeword upgraded sandbox [source]
• Terasology - Minecraft-based vivid world [source]
• Reign of Nether - Minecraft RTS mod [source]
• Voxelands - [info] [source] [STOPED] 🐧🤖🍎
• New Fork: voxelands 🐧 *Voxelands ≠ Voxlands (closed source game)

---

Clone

• Pingus - Lemmings clone [source]
• FlappyBird - Flappy Bird clone [source]

---

Remake

• FreeDoom - Doom remake [source]
• Oolite - Elite remake [source]
• Q1K3 - Quake demake [source] 🌐
• AM2R - Metroid remake [source]

---

Inspired

• Boxhead2D - Single player top-down shooter based in the Boxhead 2Play 🐧🪟🍎
• Boxhead - Directx11 - Single player top-down shooter based in the Boxhead 2Play [source] 🌐
• OpenSuspect - Inspired by mafia and Among Us [source] 🐧🪟
• Xonotic - Inspired by Quake [source]
• Hedgewars - Inspired by Worms, but with hedgehogs [source]
• Secret Mayro Chronicles - Inspired by Super Mario [source]
• OpenRA - Communist strategy game inspired by Red Alert, Tiberian Dawn and Dune 2000 [source]
• OpenTTD - Based on Transport Tycoon Deluxe [source]
• AstroMenace - Spaceships shooter [source]

---

Strategy

• 0 A.D. - RTS [info] [source]
• Warzone 2100 - RTS [source]
• The Battle for Wesnoth - Turn-based fantasy strategy game [source]

---

FPS - First-Person Shooter

• Alien Arena - Fast-paced Sci-Fi FPS death match [info] [source] 🐧🪟🍎 [and FreeBSD 😈]
• Urban Terror - based on "total conversion" mod for Quake III Arena [info] [source] 🐧🪟🍎
• FreeHL - Rewrite of Half-Life: Deathmatch in QuakeC [source]
• FreeCS - Based in Counter-Strike 1.5 by FreeHL addon [info] [source] 🐧🪟🍎 [and FreeBSD 😈]
• Nexuiz Classic - retro deathmatch [source] 🐧🪟🍎
• AssaultCube - WWII layout [info] [source]
• OpenArena - clone of Quake III Arena [source]
• Warsow - Futuristic cartoonish world [source]
• World of Padman - Fun cartoonish shooter [info] [source] 🐧🪟🍎
• OpenSpades - A clone of Ace of Spades, with voxels, fully destructible terrain and plenty of game modes [source]
• Tremulous - Asymmetric team-based FPS with real-time strategy elements [source]
• Cube 2: Sauerbraten - A free multiplayer & single-player first-person shooter, the successor of the Cube FPS [info] [source]
• Quetoo (Q2) - old school death match [info] [slurce]🐧🪟🍎
• Red Eclipse 2 - sci-fi modern FPS arena [info] [source] 🐧🪟🍎
• BZFlag - Battle Zone capture the Flag game [info] [source] [source 2] 🐧🪟🍎
• The Darkmod [source] [source] [source 3]
• Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory - War as Axis or Allies in team-based combat

Original list with images in Medevel Website

---

Retro RPG

• Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead - Post-apocalyptic survival - [source]
• Erebus - [source]
• FreedroidRPG - Tux against rebel bots [source]
• FreeDink - Dink Smallwood - Similar to classic Zelda [info] [source]
• Valyria tear - Based on the Hero of Allacrost engine [source]
• Fall of Imiryn [source]
• Hale - Tactical combat [source]
• IVAN: Iter Vehemens ad Necem - roguelike [source]
• Summoning Wars - 1 to 8 players [source]
• Flare - Action fantasy [source]

---

Educational

https://medevel.com/educational-games-26-993/

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

brasil #portugal #portugues #bitcoin

Brasil

• Jericoacoara - Ceará nostr:nprofile1qqsdc47glaz2z599a7utq9gk2xyf6z70t7ddyryrnweyt32z4sdarfsppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp00ex584

• Rolante - Rio Grande do Sul nostr:nprofile1qqsdrks96vr7vc7frjflm8lmhwleslwzgjlkpyj4ahjhzgm4n8dh0qqprdmhxue69uhkymm4de3k2u3wd45ku6tzdak8gtnfdenx7qgcwaen5te0xycrqt3hxyhryvfh9ccngde6xsurgwqpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhxppd6

• Santo Antonio do Pinhal - São Paulo nostr:nprofile1qqsr5maylee9j77ce0es6tgmxj3pax2dlsuuptkn2stuj95jzqysulgpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuurjd9kkzmpwdejhgqgjwaehxw309ac82unsd3jhqct89ejhxqgdwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkca6zsjl

Portugal

• Ilha da Madeira - nostr:nprofile1qqsv45qvfz5vdzwn9478wzusyggjf44x3w7xk8f3cgpe4px44wgv77cpr3mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmqpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzvuq32amnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3dwfjkccte9eshquqzhddc4

@ 7bdef7be:784a5805

The following script try, using nak, to find out the last ten people who have followed a target_pubkey, sorted by the most recent. It's possibile to shorten search_timerange to speed up the search.

```

!/usr/bin/env fish

Target pubkey we're looking for in the tags

set target_pubkey "6e468422dfb74a5738702a8823b9b28168abab8655faacb6853cd0ee15deee93"

set current_time (date +%s) set search_timerange (math $current_time - 600) # 24 hours = 86400 seconds

set pubkeys (nak req --kind 3 -s $search_timerange wss://relay.damus.io/ wss://nos.lol/ 2>/dev/null | \ jq -r --arg target "$target_pubkey" ' select(. != null and type == "object" and has("tags")) | select(.tags[] | select(.[0] == "p" and .[1] == $target)) | .pubkey ' | sort -u)

if test -z "$pubkeys" exit 1 end

set all_events "" set extended_search_timerange (math $current_time - 31536000) # One year

for pubkey in $pubkeys echo "Checking $pubkey" set events (nak req --author $pubkey -l 5 -k 3 -s $extended_search_timerange wss://relay.damus.io wss://nos.lol 2>/dev/null | \ jq -c --arg target "$target_pubkey" ' select(. != null and type == "object" and has("tags")) | select(.tags[][] == $target) ' 2>/dev/null)

set count (echo "$events" | jq -s 'length')

if test "$count" -eq 1
    set all_events $all_events $events
end

end

if test -n "$all_events" echo -e "Last people following $target_pubkey:" echo -e ""

set sorted_events (printf "%s\n" $all_events | jq -r -s '
unique_by(.id) |
sort_by(-.created_at) |
.[] | @json
')

for event in $sorted_events
    set npub (echo $event | jq -r '.pubkey' | nak encode npub)
    set created_at (echo $event | jq -r '.created_at')
    if test (uname) = "Darwin"
        set follow_date (date -r "$created_at" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
    else
        set follow_date (date -d @"$created_at" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
    end
    echo "$follow_date - $npub"
end

end ```

@ 2183e947:f497b975

Today I was invited to participate in the private beta of a new social media protocol called Pubky, designed by a bitcoin company called Synonym with the goal of being better than existing social media platforms. As a heavy nostr user, I thought I'd write up a comparison.

I can't tell you how to create your own accounts because it was made very clear that only some of the software is currently open source, and how this will all work is still a bit up in the air. The code that is open source can be found here: https://github.com/pubky -- and the most important repo there seems to be this one: https://github.com/pubky/pubky-core

You can also learn more about Pubky here: https://pubky.org/

That said, I used my invite code to create a pubky account and it seemed very similar to onboarding to nostr. I generated a private key, backed up 12 words, and the onboarding website gave me a public key.

Then I logged into a web-based client and it looked a lot like twitter. I saw a feed for posts by other users and saw options to reply to posts and give reactions, which, I saw, included hearts, thumbs up, and other emojis.

Then I investigated a bit deeper to see how much it was like nostr. I opened up my developer console and navigated to my networking tab, where, if this was nostr, I would expect to see queries to relays for posts. Here, though, I saw one query that seemed to be repeated on a loop, which went to a single server and provided it with my pubkey. That single query (well, a series of identical queries to the same server) seemed to return all posts that showed up on my feed. So I infer that the server "knows" what posts to show me (perhaps it has some sort of algorithm, though the marketing material says it does not use algorithms) and the query was on a loop so that if any new posts came in that the server thinks I might want to see, it can add them to my feed.

Then I checked what happens when I create a post. I did so and looked at what happened in my networking tab. If this was nostr, I would expect to see multiple copies of a signed messaged get sent to a bunch of relays. Here, though, I saw one message get sent to the same server that was populating my feed, and that message was not signed, it was a plaintext copy of my message.

I happened to be in a group chat with John Carvalho at the time, who is associated with pubky. I asked him what was going on, and he said that pubky is based around three types of servers: homeservers, DHT servers, and indexer servers. The homeserver is where you create posts and where you query for posts to show on your feed. DHT servers are used for censorship resistance: each user creates an entry on a DHT server saying what homeserver they use, and these entries are signed by their key.

As for indexers, I think those are supposed to speed up the use of the DHT servers. From what I could tell, indexers query DHT servers to find out what homeservers people use. When you query a homeserver for posts, it is supposed to reach out to indexer servers to find out the homeservers of people whose posts the homeserver decided to show you, and then query those homeservers for those posts. I believe they decided not to look up what homeservers people use directly on DHT servers directly because DHT servers are kind of slow, due to having to store and search through all sorts of non-social-media content, whereas indexers only store a simple db that maps each user's pubkey to their homeserver, so they are faster.

Based on all of this info, it seems like, to populate your feed, this is the series of steps:

• you tell your homeserver your pubkey
• it uses some sort of algorithm to decide whose posts to show you
• then looks up the homeservers used by those people on an indexer server
• then it fetches posts from their homeservers
• then your client displays them to you

To create a post, this is the series of steps:

• you tell your homeserver what you want to say to the world
• it stores that message in plaintext and merely asserts that it came from you (it's not signed)
• other people can find out what you said by querying for your posts on your homeserver

Since posts on homeservers are not signed, I asked John what prevents a homeserver from just making up stuff and claiming I said it. He said nothing stops them from doing that, and if you are using a homeserver that starts acting up in that manner, what you should do is start using a new homeserver and update your DHT record to point at your new homeserver instead of the old one. Then, indexers should update their db to show where your new homeserver is, and the homeservers of people who "follow" you should stop pulling content from your old homeserver and start pulling it from your new one. If their homeserver is misbehaving too, I'm not sure what would happen. Maybe it could refuse to show them the content you've posted on your new homeserver, keeping making up fake content on your behalf that you've never posted, and maybe the people you follow would never learn you're being impersonated or have moved to a new homeserver.

John also clarified that there is not currently any tooling for migrating user content from one homeserver to another. If pubky gets popular and a big homeserver starts misbehaving, users will probably need such a tool. But these are early days, so there aren't that many homeservers, and the ones that exist seem to be pretty trusted.

Anyway, those are my initial thoughts on Pubky. Learn more here: https://pubky.org/

@ 2dd9250b:6e928072

Vi recentemente um post onde a pessoa diz que aquele final do filme O Doutrinador (2019) não faz sentido porque mesmo o protagonista explodindo o Palácio dos Três Poderes, não acaba com a corrupção no Brasil.

Progressistas não sabem ler e não conseguem interpretar textos corretamente. O final de Doutrinador não tem a ver com isso, tem a ver com a relação entre o Herói e a sua Cidade.

Nas histórias em quadrinhos há uma ligação entre a cidade e o Super-Herói. Gotham City por exemplo, cria o Batman. Isso é mostrado em The Batman (2022) e em Batman: Cavaleiro das Trevas, quando aquele garoto no final, diz para o Batman não fugir, porque ele queria ver o Batman de novo. E o Comissário Gordon diz que o "Batman é o que a cidade de Gotham precisa."

Batman: Cavaleiro das Trevas Ressurge mostra a cidade de Gotham sendo tomada pela corrupção e pela ideologia do Bane. A Cidade vai definhando em imoralidade e o Bruce, ao olhar da prisão a cidade sendo destruída, decide que o Batman precisa voltar porque se Gotham for destruída, o Batman é destruído junto. E isso o da forças para consegue fugir daquele poço e voltar para salvar Gotham.

Isso também é mostrado em Demolidor. Na série Demolidor o Matt Murdock sempre fala que precisa defender a cidade Cozinha do Inferno; que o Fisk não vai dominar a cidade e fazer o que ele quiser nela. Inclusive na terceira temporada isso fica mais evidente na luta final na mansão do Fisk, onde Matt grita que agora a cidade toda vai saber o que ele fez; a cidade vai ver o mal que ele é para Hell's Kitchen, porque a gente sabe que o Fisk fez de tudo para a imagem do Demolidor entrar e descrédito perante os cidadãos, então o que acontece no final do filme O Doutrinador não significa que ele está acabando com a corrupção quando explode o Congresso, ele está praticamente interrompendo o ciclo do sistema, colocando uma falha em sua engrenagem.

Quando você ouve falar de Brasília, você pensa na corrupção dos políticos, onde a farra acontece,, onde corruptos desviam dinheiro arrecadado dos impostos, impostos estes que são centralizados na União. Então quando você ouve falarem de Brasília, sempre pensa que o pessoal que mora lá, mora junto com tudo de podre que acontece no Brasil.

Logo quando o Doutrinador explode tudo ali, ele está basicamente destruindo o mecanismo que suja Brasília. Ele está fazendo isso naquela cidade. Porque o símbolo da cidade é justamente esse, a farsa de que naquele lugar o povo será ouvido e a justiça será feita. Ele está destruindo a ideologia de que o Estado nos protege, nos dá segurança, saúde e educação. Porque na verdade o Estado só existe para privilegiar os políticos, funcionários públicos de auto escalão, suas famílias e amigos. Enquanto que o povo sofre para sustentar a elite política. O protagonista Miguel entendeu isso quando a filha dele morreu na fila do SUS.

@ 1c19eb1a:e22fb0bc

If you haven't noticed already, #Nostr is a little different from what most people are used to. One of the ways this is felt most acutely is with media hosting. Users are accustomed to uploading their images and videos directly through the app they are posting from. Many Nostr apps provide that same experience nowadays, but it wasn't always the case.

Just a couple years ago, users had to find somewhere to host their media separately, and then copy and paste the URL into their note whenever they wanted to share their cat pictures. One of the first, if not the first, media hosting services specifically intended for Nostr was nostr:npub1nxy4qpqnld6kmpphjykvx2lqwvxmuxluddwjamm4nc29ds3elyzsm5avr7, which will be the service we are reviewing today.

Like our previous review of Amber, Nostr.Build is a service for users to pair with other Nostr apps. You won't generally use nostr:npub1nxy4qpqnld6kmpphjykvx2lqwvxmuxluddwjamm4nc29ds3elyzsm5avr7 by itself. Rather, you'll use it to host that incredible shot you want to post to #Olas, or to host screenshots for your long-form tutorial about setting up Nostr Wallet Connect that you'll be posting from #Habla.news, or for hosting a hilarious video of your cat falling asleep to nostr:npub1cj8znuztfqkvq89pl8hceph0svvvqk0qay6nydgk9uyq7fhpfsgsqwrz4u's voice and taking a tumble off of his favorite perch that you want to share on #Damus. However, there are some features within Nostr.Build that you may want to check out quite apart from using it with any other Nostr app.

Overall Impression

Score: 4.8 / 5

I have been impressed by Nostr.Build for some time now, but they have pulled out all the stops in their latest update, increasing their maximum file size for free accounts to 100MB, integrating the #Blossom protocol, adding the ability to share directly to Nostr from within your dashboard, and more integrations with other Nostr apps than ever before. Nostr.Build is simply a pleasure to use, whether through their web interface, or through another Nostr app that integrates with them.

With the ability to easily organize your media, view statistics, browse the media gallery of free uploads, metadata removal for increased privacy, and AI image generation, Nostr.Build is not simply a media hosting service, it is a full-fledged media management platform. Its robust features keep it well ahead of other Nostr-focused media hosting options available, and a particularly strong option for those using Blossom and wanting redundancy and reliable uptime for their media.

As much as I enjoy using the web interface, though, where Nostr.Build really shines is their integrations with other Nostr apps. These integrations allow users to have the same experience they are accustomed to from centralized social platforms of uploading their media from within the same app they are using to share it. No copy/pasting a URL from one app to another. In fact, many users may not realize they have been using Nostr.Build in their client of choice, simply because it is the default option for media hosting for many Nostr apps.

This has the added benefit to client developers that they can provide this experience to their users without having to run media hosting infrastructure on top of trying to build their app. The separation of relays, clients, and media hosting between different entities, while keeping a similar experience to centralized platforms where a single company controls all three, is critical to Nostr adoption.

Features

Nostr.Build has a plethora of features beyond simply hosting your media. Let's take a look!

AI Image Generation

Do you need a quick title image for a long-form article? How about inspiration for a logo or art piece? Nostr.Build's AI Studio has you covered.

They have provided a few different models based on the plan you purchase, beginning with the Professional plan, which includes SDXL-Lightning and Stable Diffusion 1. Upgrading to the Creator plan will give you access to all Pro Stable Diffusion models and unlimited use of the Flux.1 model, which is the same core model used for Grok2 images.

I personally have a Professional account, so I haven't had a chance to try out Flux.1, but I have used Stable Diffusion extensively for creating character art for #NostrHeroes characters, such as these:

Nothing too spectacular when compared with some of the newer models out there, and there is no image-to-image support (yet), but more than adequate for casual image generation needs. Moreover, it is far more than what one would expect from a simple media-hosting service.

Admittedly, I am also no expert at coaxing AI models to produce anything remarkable so your results may vary. Either way, image generation is a welcome tool to have available without needing to go to an outside service unless you require something very specific.

Upload Limits

The maximum file size limits on Nostr.Build have been getting progressively larger, even for their free service. As I recall, it was a mere 21MB limit per file just a few months ago, which is fine for image files, but is quickly exceeded with videos. Then they increased their limits to 50MB per file, and as of recent updates it has been increased once more to a whopping 100MB per file... for free! This is more than adequate for most uses.

However, free users' images, GIFs, and videos are automatically viewable via Nostr.Build's free media gallery. This is something to particularly bear in mind when uploading images you intend to share via direct message. Though your DMs are encrypted, the images uploaded to Nostr.Build are not, and if you don't have a paid account, they will be viewable to the all paid users in the free media gallery. If you want to upload images that will not be viewable unless you actively share them, you must have a paid account.

Paid accounts have no file size limit, but they do have a total storage limit. I could not find anything about total storage limits for free accounts, but Professional tier will give you 25GB, Creator 50GB, and Advanced 250GB. Uploads to paid accounts are not visible in the free media gallery, so only those you give the link to will be able to access your content.

Media Types

Many file types are supported by Nostr.Built, even for free users, including:

• Image: .jpg, .png, .gif
• Video: .mov, mp4
• Audio: mp3, .wav

Upgrading to the Professional plan will add .pdf and .svg to the list of permitted file types, and upgrading to Creator or above will add .zip files, as well.

I believe other common file types are also supported, but these are the only ones specifically mentioned on the site.

Free Media Gallery

The free media gallery is an interesting little feature that Nostr.Build has available to paid accounts. Free users can get a preview, such as the one below, but only paid users can browse through the millions of uploads made by free users.

Apart from being amusing to browse through the things people have been uploading, I am unsure of how useful this particular feature is. No indication is given as to who uploaded the media, and it is limited compared to media feeds in other Nostr apps in two important ways. First, it only shows media uploaded to Nostr.Build, while other media-focused Nostr apps, such as Slidestr, Lumina, or even Primal will show media posted by all Nostr users. Second, Nostr.Build's gallery doesn't show all uploads to Nostr.Build, but only uploads from those without a paid account, further limiting the scope of whose uploads are seen.

Paid users have the advantage of being able to upload media that is not viewable to anyone unless they intentionally share the link somewhere. Free users, on the other hand, must be aware that their uploads are viewable by any paid users, whether they shared the link anywhere or not.

One incident I had while testing out another app required me to reach out to Nostr.Build support to request deletion of an image. It had some of my personal information in it, and had been uploaded to Nostr.Build and sent to me via DM. The sender assumed that since it was being sent via DM, no one else would be able to see the image, but because he was not a paid user of Nostr.Build, the image was included in the Free Media Gallery for any paid user to see. Not ideal, but the folks at Nostr.Build were quick to get it deleted for me.

In short, I have mixed feelings about this particular feature.

Blossom

Blossom is a media storage and retrieval protocol built for Nostr, but usable with any application that needs to access media via the web, and Nostr.Build has recently added support for Blossom uploads via their Blossom server: blossom.band

I will likely be adding a Nostrversity article going over Blossom in detail in the near future, but here's the basics of what it makes possible:

First, easy integration for media uploading from your favorite Nostr apps. Amethyst, Coracle, Primal and others have added Blossom upload support, so you just have to hop into your settings and add Nostr.Build's Blossom server address to start using it as your media host. No need to go to a separate app to upload your media and copy/paste the URL into your Nostr note!

Second, your media in Blossom is content addressable. This means it is named based on a hash of its actual data. Because of this, you can verify that the media has not been altered or replaced by your media host. If the hash doesn't match the data, it won't be loaded by the Nostr client, so you never have to worry about the image in your note being replaced by a different image by your media host.

Finally, because your media is addressable by its content, you can save the same media to multiple hosts, and if one of them goes down, Nostr apps can fetch your media from other hosts, just like they can do with your notes by fetching them from different relays if one relay you write to is down. This makes your images and videos much harder to censor, since you would need to be banned by multiple Blossom servers for your media to no longer be accessible.

If you would like to upload media to more than one Blossom server at the same time, your options are currently to use Primal and ensure that your settings have "Enable media mirrors" toggled on, or to use Bouquet. Hopefully we will see this option added to more Nostr apps in the near future.

Metadata Stripping

For files uploaded via Nostr.Build's dashboard, location metadata is removed upon upload. This is to protect user privacy, since this data could be used to reveal your home address if it is left attached to images posted publicly on Nostr.

When uploading via Blossom, media containing location metadata will be rejected. The user will be required to remove the metadata before they can upload the media.

No KYC and No Ads Policy

The only form of identification needed to use Nostr.Build is your Nostr identity. Every upload is tied to your npub, but no name, date of birth, email, or other identifying information is required. This is made possible because Nostr.Build only accepts Bitcoin as payment for their accounts, and no KYC is required to make Bitcoin transactions via Lightning.

Additionally, Nostr.Build is philosophically opposed to targeted advertising, so they have a policy that they will never use ads on their hosting service.

Client Integrations

Even before Blossom, Nostr.Build had many Nostr clients that used it as the default media hosting service, allowing users to upload directly within the app. This has only expanded now that Nostr.Build has added Blossom.

A very non-exhaustive list of clients that integrate with Nostr.Build is listed on their site, and includes Damus, Amethyst, Nostrudel, Snort, Iris, Coracle, Flycat, and Yakihonne. Additional apps that support Nostr.Build via Blossom include Primal and Flotilla. Some of these integrations support both Blossom and NIP-96 options for uploading media, such as Amethyst, while others only support one or the other.

I would not be surprised to see more and more Nostr apps move to integrating Blossom and phasing out NIP-96 support. Either way, though, Nostr.Build currently supports both, and is therefore an excellent hosting option if you want to use it with a wide range of Nostr apps.

Media Statistics

For those with a paid account, Nostr.Build provides information about how often each of your uploads has been requested and viewed within a given time period.

This can be valuable information for content creators, so they can determine what content is resonating with their audience, and what times of day their posts get the most views.

This information can currently be viewed for a maximum period of three months prior to the current date, and as short a period as just the past hour.

Can My Grandma Use It?

Score: 4.7 / 5

Nostr.Build is incredibly easy to use if you have a paid account, or if you are a free user uploading to Nostr.Build through a client that integrates with them by default. Previous frictions encountered by free users trying to upload large files should now be few and far between, thanks to the generous 100MB size limit.

Where things may be a bit more involved is when users are trying to set up media hosting on Nostr apps that don't use Nostr.Build by default. Exactly where in the settings the user must go to set this up, and whether to use the Blossom or NIP-96 address may not be immediately apparent, and requires an understanding of the difference that the user may not possess. This is not the fault of Nostr.Built, though, and I have not taken it into consideration in the scoring. Each individual Nostr app's settings should be as easy to understand as possible.

Another point of friction may come from free users who want to upload directly through the Nostr.Build site, instead of via another Nostr app. This used to be possible without logging in, but in an effort to ensure the service was used for Nostr, and not for general media hosting, Nostr.Build added the requirement to log in.

Thankfully, there are plenty of login options, including npub and password, browser extension (NIP-07), and even via a one-time-code sent to you via Nostr DM. However, if you don't have a paid account already, logging in will prompt you to upgrade. It seems that uploading directly via the website has been removed for free users entirely. You can only upload via another Nostr app if you don't have a paid account. This may lead to confusion for users who don't want to pay for an account, since it isn't made apparent anywhere that uploading through the website isn't an option for them.

Additionally, I would like to see the addresses for the Blossom server and for NIP-96 uploads (unless they are being phased out) added to the main page somewhere. Even selecting the "Blossom" page from the site navigation doesn't make clear what needs to be done to utilize the service. Something as simple as, "To use Nostr.Build with your favorite Blossom compatible Nostr apps, just add https://blossom.band as your media host in the app settings," would be enough to point users in the right direction.

For those who do have paid accounts, the dashboard is easy to navigate and organize your media.

By default, all uploads are added to the Main Folder. Users can leave them there, or they can easily create new folders and drag and drop media to organize it.

Every image has a copy/paste clipboard icon for ready access to copy the media URL for inclusion into a Nostr note.

Additionally, Nostr.Build allows users to share their uploaded media to Nostr directly from the dashboard. Bear in mind, though, this is published to a set of popular relays, without taking into account the user's preferred write relays.

The section just below the user's profile information gives an at-a-glance view of important information, such as how much of the user's allotted storage has been used, how many AI Studio credits are available, how many days are left before their paid account must be renewed, and how many files from three major categories — GIFs, images, and videos — have been uploaded.

Uploading directly to the dashboard is also incredibly easy. You can simply drag and drop files into the upload pane, or browse for them. If you have a URL for the media you want to upload, you can even paste it to import from another website or Blossom server.

Anything I could think of that I might want to do in the interface was intuitive to find, well labeled, or had common and easily identified icons.

How do UI look?

Score: 4.7 / 5

I would describe Nostr.Build's UI as clean and utilitarian, which is what one would expect from a media hosting service. Nothing too flashy. Just what you need and nothing you don't.

We certainly like our purple color-schemes on Nostr, and Nostr.Build leans into that with white text on shades of purple backgrounds, along with occasional color-popping accents. If a Nostr client had made the same color choices, I might be a bit more critical, but it works in an app that users won't be spending a ton of time in, except while managing their media, or using the AI Studio to generate some images.

UI elements such as buttons, active folder indicators, and icons all maintain an attractive, and simple design, with rounded corners wherever appropriate. Nothing looks too busy or overbearing, and the spacing between image previews in the folder view is just right.

Font remains consistent throughout the interface, with no jarring changes, and bold text, in white or another contrasting color, is used appropriately to draw attention, while subdued text is rendered in a light purple to blend more with the background, while remaining readable.

As such, the UI is attractive, without being particularly breathtaking. Nothing to complain about, but also nothing to write home about.

Log In Options

Score: 4.8 / 5

As mentioned previously, Nostr.Build provides three ways a user can log in.

The first should be very familiar for any Nostr user who frequents web clients, and that is by use of a browser extension (NIP-07), such as Alby, Nos2x, or Gooti. Note, this will also work if you are on Android and using KeyChat's browser, which has a NIP-07 signer built in.

Next is the legacy login method for Nostr.Build that they have used since the service first launched, which is via npub and password. This should serve to remind you that even though Nostr.Build supports Nostr login, and can post your images to Nostr for you, it's really just a centralized media hosting service. Just like you wouldn't use only one Nostr relay, you should not use just one media host. Mirror your media to other Blossom servers.

Most intriguing, and one I had not seen used before, is the option to use your npub and have a one-time-code sent to you via Nostr DM. I tested this method out and it worked flawlessly. It is unfortunately using the old NIP-04 DM spec, though, so any clients that have deprecated these DMs will not work for receiving the code. We're in a strange place with Nostr DMs currently, with some clients deprecating NIP-04 DMs in favor of NIP-17, others that still only support NIP-04, and a few that support both. If you don't see the DM in your client of choice, hop over to Primal and check your DMs there in the "other" tab.

Since Nostr.Build is supporting Nostr login, I would like to see them add remote signer (NIP-46) login alongside browser extension login to round out the options expected from a Nostr web app.

Feature Set

Score: 4.8 / 5

The features provided by Nostr.Build all work as expected and provide a lot of value to the user. With only one exception, all of the features make sense for a media hosting and management service to provide, and they are adding more features all the time.

Users not only get a reliable hosting service, with excellent uptime for their media, but they get integrations with most Nostr clients I can think of, Blossom protocol support, media organization and statistics, posting media to Nostr from within the dashboard, metadata stripping for enhanced privacy, a wide range of supported file types, and an AI image generation studio! What's more, there are additional features already on the roadmap, including traditional and AI image editing, additional plan options, expandable storage, and video transcoding for optimized playback. Nostr.Build is just getting started and they already offer more than most media hosting services out there, intended for Nostr or otherwise.

The one feature I am still not sold on is the "Free Media Gallery." The name is misleading. The gallery itself is not free. You must have a paid account to access more than a preview of it. Rather, it displays media uploaded by free users, regardless of whether they uploaded that media to send via DM, or uploaded it but decided not to share it out, or uploaded it to post it only within a private group on Flotilla, or uploaded it and only sent the note with the image link to a private relay.

Moreover, if I want to see media that has been shared on Nostr, there are plenty of ways I can do so that I can be confident only include media users intended to be publicly viewable. This feature from Nostr.Build, if it is kept at all, should have some way of ensuring the gallery only includes images that were shared on public relays.

Pricing

Score: 5 / 5

The pricing structure for Nostr.Build is exceptionally reasonable when compared with other services.

The Professional plan, which is their lowest paid tier, is just 69,000 sats a year. At current price, that translates to around $70 for the year, and Nostr.Build has been known to lower their pricing as Bitcoin goes up. Users can also get a 10% or 20% discount if they buy 2 or 3 years at a time, compensating for the fact that Bitcoin tends to go up year over year.

For that cost, users get 25GB of storage, unlimited file size for uploads within that storage cap, and access to all of Nostr.Build's features mentioned in this review, with the exception of their highest end AI models and storage of certain file types.

If I were to set up my own VPS to host a Blossom server with comparable storage, I would be paying around $14 a month before the cost of the domain, and it would be anything but plug and play. Even then, all I would have is storage. I would be missing out on all of the other features Nostr.Build has out of the box for less than half the price.

The Creator plan is close to double the cost at 120,000 sats, or about $120, a year. However, you aren't just getting double the storage space at 50GB; you are also getting double the AI credits, access to the higher tier AI models, S3 backup for all of your media, and your own Creator page you can share out with your media available for others to browse in one location.

The Advanced plan doesn't add a lot of extra features for more than double the price of the Creator plan, but it MASSIVELY increases your storage limit by 5x to a total of 250GB. Comparable storage space on a VPS to run your own Blossom server would be about $100 a month and Nostr.Build is offering it for about $250 (250,000 sats) for a whole year! If you really need to host that much media, it's hard to beat this price. The plan also comes with a Nostr.Build NIP-05 address, if you need one.

Now, the argument can be made, "But it's priced in sats, and that means in four years I will have spent many times that dollar amount on their service, possibly making it more expensive than other services priced in fiat." While that is true, it also doesn't take opportunity cost into account. Every dollar you spend on something other than Bitcoin is a missed opportunity to have bought Bitcoin with it. There's not really any difference between spending $70 in fiat to buy a hosting plan vs spending 69,000 sats, because you could have used that same $70 to buy Bitcoin instead, so you are losing out on that increase in purchasing power either way.

Not to mention, you can just buy the sats with your fiat and send it to Nostr.Build, so you would effectively be buying your plan with fiat, and they would be receiving sats.

I think Satellite.earth is still technically less expensive at just $0.05 per GB per month, which comes to $15 a year for the same 25GB of Nostr.Build's professional plan. However, all you get is media hosting. You miss out on all of the other features provided by Nostr.Build. And if you are uploading files of 100MB or less... Well, free with Nostr.Build is still cheaper than $0.5 per GB.

Wrap Up

All of the above comes together to make Nostr.Build a versatile and full-featured media hosting and management service at an affordable price point for their paid accounts, but with no need to pay at all if you just want a place to upload photos, GIFs, memes, and even some videos, so long as the file size stays under 100MB. Whether you want to use Nostr.Build as your primary media host, or as just one redundancy in your Blossom set up, they have you covered and I encourage you to check them out!

For the next review, I would like to go with another client, this time for the web, and the two options I am debating between are Coracle.social and Jumble.social. Let me know in the comments which you would like to see!

@ a39d19ec:3d88f61e

Nun da das deutsche Bundesregime den Ruin Deutschlands beschlossen hat, der sehr wahrscheinlich mit dem Werkzeug des Geld druckens "finanziert" wird, kamen mir so viele Gedanken zur Geldmengenausweitung, dass ich diese für einmal niedergeschrieben habe.

Die Ausweitung der Geldmenge führt aus klassischer wirtschaftlicher Sicht immer zu Preissteigerungen, weil mehr Geld im Umlauf auf eine begrenzte Menge an Gütern trifft. Dies lässt sich in mehreren Schritten analysieren:

1. Quantitätstheorie des Geldes

Die klassische Gleichung der Quantitätstheorie des Geldes lautet:

M • V = P • Y

wobei:
- M die Geldmenge ist,
- V die Umlaufgeschwindigkeit des Geldes,
- P das Preisniveau,
- Y die reale Wirtschaftsleistung (BIP).

Wenn M steigt und V sowie Y konstant bleiben, muss P steigen – also Inflation entstehen.

2. Gütermenge bleibt begrenzt

Die Menge an real produzierten Gütern und Dienstleistungen wächst meist nur langsam im Vergleich zur Ausweitung der Geldmenge. Wenn die Geldmenge schneller steigt als die Produktionsgütermenge, führt dies dazu, dass mehr Geld für die gleiche Menge an Waren zur Verfügung steht – die Preise steigen.

3. Erwartungseffekte und Spekulation

Wenn Unternehmen und Haushalte erwarten, dass mehr Geld im Umlauf ist, da eine zentrale Planung es so wollte, können sie steigende Preise antizipieren. Unternehmen erhöhen ihre Preise vorab, und Arbeitnehmer fordern höhere Löhne. Dies kann eine sich selbst verstärkende Spirale auslösen.

4. Internationale Perspektive

Eine erhöhte Geldmenge kann die Währung abwerten, wenn andere Länder ihre Geldpolitik stabil halten. Eine schwächere Währung macht Importe teurer, was wiederum Preissteigerungen antreibt.

5. Kritik an der reinen Geldmengen-Theorie

Der Vollständigkeit halber muss erwähnt werden, dass die meisten modernen Ökonomen im Staatsauftrag argumentieren, dass Inflation nicht nur von der Geldmenge abhängt, sondern auch von der Nachfrage nach Geld (z. B. in einer Wirtschaftskrise). Dennoch zeigt die historische Erfahrung, dass eine unkontrollierte Geldmengenausweitung langfristig immer zu Preissteigerungen führt, wie etwa in der Hyperinflation der Weimarer Republik oder in Simbabwe.

@ 34f1ddab:2ca0cf7c

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Why Trust Crypt Recver? 🤝 🛠️ Expert Recovery Solutions At Crypt Recver, we specialize in addressing complex wallet-related issues. Our skilled engineers have the tools and expertise to handle:

Partially lost or forgotten seed phrases Extracting funds from outdated or invalid wallet addresses Recovering data from damaged hardware wallets Restoring coins from old or unsupported wallet formats You’re not just getting a service; you’re gaining a partner in your cryptocurrency journey.

🚀 Fast and Efficient Recovery We understand that time is crucial in crypto recovery. Our optimized systems enable you to regain access to your funds quickly, focusing on speed without compromising security. With a success rate of over 90%, you can rely on us to act swiftly on your behalf.

🔒 Privacy is Our Priority Your confidentiality is essential. Every recovery session is conducted with the utmost care, ensuring all processes are encrypted and confidential. You can rest assured that your sensitive information remains private.

💻 Advanced Technology Our proprietary tools and brute-force optimization techniques maximize recovery efficiency. Regardless of how challenging your case may be, our technology is designed to give you the best chance at retrieving your crypto.

Our Recovery Services Include: 📈 Bitcoin Recovery: Lost access to your Bitcoin wallet? We help recover lost wallets, private keys, and passphrases. Transaction Recovery: Mistakes happen — whether it’s an incorrect wallet address or a lost password, let us manage the recovery. Cold Wallet Restoration: If your cold wallet is failing, we can safely extract your assets and migrate them into a secure new wallet. Private Key Generation: Lost your private key? Our experts can help you regain control using advanced methods while ensuring your privacy. ⚠️ What We Don’t Do While we can handle many scenarios, some limitations exist. For instance, we cannot recover funds stored in custodial wallets or cases where there is a complete loss of four or more seed words without partial information available. We are transparent about what’s possible, so you know what to expect

Don’t Let Lost Crypto Hold You Back! Did you know that between 3 to 3.4 million BTC — nearly 20% of the total supply — are estimated to be permanently lost? Don’t become part of that statistic! Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, sending funds to the wrong address, or damaged drives, we can help you navigate these challenges

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Act fast and secure your digital assets with cryptrecver.com.Losing access to your cryptocurrency can feel like losing a part of your future. Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, a damaged seed backup, or a simple mistake in a transfer, the stress can be overwhelming. Fortunately, cryptrecver.com is here to assist! With our expert-led recovery services, you can safely and swiftly reclaim your lost Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

# Why Trust Crypt Recver? 🤝

🛠️ Expert Recovery Solutions\ At Crypt Recver, we specialize in addressing complex wallet-related issues. Our skilled engineers have the tools and expertise to handle:

• Partially lost or forgotten seed phrases
• Extracting funds from outdated or invalid wallet addresses
• Recovering data from damaged hardware wallets
• Restoring coins from old or unsupported wallet formats

You’re not just getting a service; you’re gaining a partner in your cryptocurrency journey.

🚀 Fast and Efficient Recovery\ We understand that time is crucial in crypto recovery. Our optimized systems enable you to regain access to your funds quickly, focusing on speed without compromising security. With a success rate of over 90%, you can rely on us to act swiftly on your behalf.

🔒 Privacy is Our Priority\ Your confidentiality is essential. Every recovery session is conducted with the utmost care, ensuring all processes are encrypted and confidential. You can rest assured that your sensitive information remains private.

💻 Advanced Technology\ Our proprietary tools and brute-force optimization techniques maximize recovery efficiency. Regardless of how challenging your case may be, our technology is designed to give you the best chance at retrieving your crypto.

Our Recovery Services Include: 📈

• Bitcoin Recovery: Lost access to your Bitcoin wallet? We help recover lost wallets, private keys, and passphrases.
• Transaction Recovery: Mistakes happen — whether it’s an incorrect wallet address or a lost password, let us manage the recovery.
• Cold Wallet Restoration: If your cold wallet is failing, we can safely extract your assets and migrate them into a secure new wallet.
• Private Key Generation: Lost your private key? Our experts can help you regain control using advanced methods while ensuring your privacy.

⚠️ What We Don’t Do\ While we can handle many scenarios, some limitations exist. For instance, we cannot recover funds stored in custodial wallets or cases where there is a complete loss of four or more seed words without partial information available. We are transparent about what’s possible, so you know what to expect

# Don’t Let Lost Crypto Hold You Back!

Did you know that between 3 to 3.4 million BTC — nearly 20% of the total supply — are estimated to be permanently lost? Don’t become part of that statistic! Whether it’s due to a forgotten password, sending funds to the wrong address, or damaged drives, we can help you navigate these challenges

🛡️ Real-Time Dust Attack Protection\ Our services extend beyond recovery. We offer dust attack protection, keeping your activity anonymous and your funds secure, shielding your identity from unwanted tracking, ransomware, and phishing attempts.

🎉 Start Your Recovery Journey Today!\ Ready to reclaim your lost crypto? Don’t wait until it’s too late!\ 👉 cryptrecver.com

📞 Need Immediate Assistance? Connect with Us!\ For real-time support or questions, reach out to our dedicated team on:\ ✉️ Telegram: t.me/crypptrcver\ 💬 WhatsApp: +1(941)317–1821

Crypt Recver is your trusted partner in cryptocurrency recovery. Let us turn your challenges into victories. Don’t hesitate — your crypto future starts now! 🚀✨

Act fast and secure your digital assets with cryptrecver.com.

@ 5194e71c:761bd15c

[SELL] Funny video Clic on link and Pay on sats with QR code https://m-url.eu/r-66dx

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/975020

@ 7459d333:f207289b

lavaGiraffe has created some nice charts with an estimation on the JoinMarket coinjoins from January 1st 2024 until April 30th 2025 using https://github.com/PulpCattel/jm-scripts/blob/master/jmfinder.py

False positives are possible, so this is to be interpreted as an upper bound.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/974988

@ bbef5093:71228592

Google három fejlett atomerőmű-fejlesztését finanszírozza

A Google megállapodást kötött az amerikai Elementl Power nevű nukleáris projektfejlesztő céggel, hogy legalább három, egyenként 600 MW kapacitású fejlett atomerőmű fejlesztését finanszírozza az Egyesült Államokban. Ezek a projektek a Google és más nagy technológiai cégek növekvő energiaigényét szolgálják ki, különösen az adatközpontok és a mesterséges intelligencia (AI) miatt[7][10][19][16]. A Google a fejlesztés korai szakaszában biztosít tőkét, a projektek befejezése után pedig lehetősége lesz az ott termelt villamos energia megvásárlására. A pontos helyszíneket és a megállapodás pénzügyi részleteit egyelőre nem hozták nyilvánosságra[10][19][16].

A Google célja, hogy működését 24/7, azaz folyamatosan elérhető, szén-dioxid-mentes energiával lássa el, és ezzel hozzájáruljon az elektromos hálózatok stabilitásához is[10][19][6]. Az Elementl Power technológia-semleges, vagyis még nem döntötték el, milyen típusú reaktort használnak, hanem a fejlesztésben legelőrébb járó technológiát választják majd a kivitelezés idején[10][19][16].

Big Tech és az atomenergia: trendek

A Google mellett más nagy technológiai cégek, például a Microsoft, az Amazon és az Oracle is elkötelezettek az atomenergia mellett, hogy adatközpontjaik számára megbízható, alacsony szén-dioxid-kibocsátású áramot biztosítsanak[15][11][20]. A Google például a Kairos Power nevű céggel is együttműködik kis moduláris reaktorok (SMR) fejlesztésében, amelyek első példányai 2030 körül állhatnak üzembe[1][2][3][17][8]. Az SMR-ek előnye, hogy gyorsabban és olcsóbban telepíthetők, mint a hagyományos nagy atomerőművek, és rugalmasabban illeszthetők az energiaigényekhez[2][3][1].

Pallas kutatóreaktor Hollandiában

Hollandiában befejezték az új Pallas kutatóreaktor alapozását és munkagödrét, ami jelentős mérföldkő a projektben. A reaktor az orvosi radioizotópok előállításában játszik majd kulcsszerepet, több millió beteg ellátását biztosítva világszerte, főként daganatos és szív-érrendszeri betegségek diagnosztikájában és terápiájában. A Pallas reaktor a jelenlegi, 1961 óta működő High-Flux Reactort (HFR) fogja felváltani[forrás: eredeti szöveg].

Finn SMR fejlesztés: demonstrációs üzem

A finn Steady Energy vállalat nem-nukleáris demonstrációs üzemet épít a helsinki Salmisaari B széntüzelésű erőmű helyén, hogy bemutassa LDR-50 típusú kis moduláris reaktorának (SMR) alkalmasságát távhőtermelésre. A projekt célja, hogy a fosszilis energiahordozókat alacsony kibocsátású technológiával váltsa fel a városi távhőrendszerekben[forrás: eredeti szöveg].

Urán és nukleáris üzemanyag: amerikai fejlesztések

Az amerikai Uranium Energy Corp (UEC) és a Radiant Industries megállapodást kötött amerikai eredetű urán szállításáról, hogy támogassák a Radiant Kaleidos mikroraktorok elterjedését. Ezek a mikroraktorok 1 MW teljesítményűek, szállíthatók, és 2028-tól kezdődhet a kereskedelmi alkalmazásuk[forrás: eredeti szöveg].

A Global Laser Enrichment (GLE) Észak-Karolinában megkezdte a harmadik generációs, lézeralapú Silex urándúsítási technológia demonstrációs tesztjeit. Ez a technológia nagyobb hatékonyságot, alacsonyabb költségeket és rugalmasabb üzemanyaggyártást ígér a jövő atomerőművei számára. A GLE célja, hogy 2028-tól kereskedelmi üzembe helyezze az új dúsítóüzemet Kentuckyban[forrás: eredeti szöveg].

Egyéb hírek röviden

• Az Egyesült Államokban befejezték az ITER szupra­vezető mágnesének utolsó moduljának tesztelését, amely kulcsfontosságú a franciaországi fúziós kísérleti reaktorban.
• Ausztráliában a nukleáris energia bevezetését szorgalmazza egy lobbicsoport, bár jelenleg törvény tiltja az atomerőművek építését.
• Csehországban, a Dukovany atomerőmű bővítésével kapcsolatos szerződéseket írtak alá dél-koreai cégekkel, egy francia bírósági tiltás ellenére.
• 2025 júniusában Zágrábban rendezik meg a European Nuclear Young Generation Forumot, amely a fiatal nukleáris szakemberek legnagyobb európai találkozója lesz[forrás: eredeti szöveg].

---

Hivatkozások:[1][2][3][7][10][16][19] – Google és nukleáris projektek[15][11][20] – Big Tech trendek
További részletek a többi témáról az eredeti szövegben találhatók.

Hivatkozások: [1] A Google 7 atomreaktor megépítését támogatja az MI ... - itbusiness https://itbusiness.hu/technology/aktualis-lapszam/strategy/google-reaktor/ [2] Google új generációs atomreaktorokból vásárol áramot - DinaMix https://dinamix.hu/google-uj-generacios-atomreaktorokbol-vasarol-aramot/ [3] A Google moduláris atomreaktorokat vásárol a saját energiaellátására https://gyartastrend.hu/cikk/a-google-modularis-atomreaktorokat-vasarol-a-sajat-energiaellatasara [4] Az atom vonzza a befektetőket - Atombiztos Blog https://www.atombiztos.org/2025/05/05/az-atom-vonzza-a-befektetoket/125967/ [5] Máris trükköznek az AI-óriások, csak több áramuk legyen https://www.szabadeuropa.hu/a/maris-trukkoznek-az-ai-oriasok-csak-tobb-aramuk-legyen/33167550.html [6] 24/7 Clean Energy – Data Centers - Google https://www.google.com/about/datacenters/cleanenergy/ [7] Google agrees to fund three US nuclear power plants https://business.inquirer.net/524307/google-agrees-to-fund-three-us-nuclear-power-plants [8] Atomreaktorok építését rendelte meg a Google - Telex https://telex.hu/gazdasag/2024/10/14/google-kairos-atomeromu [9] Operating sustainably - Google Data Centers https://datacenters.google/operating-sustainably [10] Google To Commit Funding For Three Advanced Nuclear Power ... https://www.nucnet.org/news/google-to-commit-funding-for-three-advanced-nuclear-power-projects-5-4-2025 [11] Az atomenergia mellett tette le a voksát több technológiai óriás https://www.vg.hu/nemzetkozi-gazdasag/2025/03/atomenergia-technologiai-orias [12] 24/7 Carbon-free Energy Explained - Eavor Technologies https://eavor.com/blog/24-7-carbon-free-energy-explained/ [13] Google agrees to fund the development of three new nuclear sites https://www.reddit.com/r/nuclear/comments/1kh2s7t/google_agrees_to_fund_the_development_of_three/ [14] Téma: Új atomerőművet építtet magának a Google - PC Fórum https://pcforum.hu/tarsalgo/154783/uj-atomeromuvet-epittet-maganak-a-google-nem-is-egyet-hanem-mindjart-harmat [15] Big Tech has cozied up to nuclear energy - The Verge https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/5/24261405/google-microsoft-amazon-tech-data-center-nuclear-energy [16] Google to back development of 3 nuclear sites on data center push https://nypost.com/2025/05/07/business/google-to-back-development-of-3-nuclear-sites-on-data-center-push/ [17] Moduláris atomreaktorokból vásárol energiát a Google - HWSW https://www.hwsw.hu/hirek/68282/google-kairospower-atomreaktor-energia-aram.html [18] What is 24/7 carbon-free energy? - Baseload Capital https://www.baseloadcap.com/what-is-24-7-carbon-free-energy/ [19] Google to fund development of three nuclear power sites https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/google-to-fund-elementl-to-prepare-three-nuclear-power-sites [20] Óriáscégek álltak a nukleáris reneszánsz élére - Világgazdaság http://www.vg.hu/nemzetkozi-gazdasag/2025/03/nuklearis-energia-amazon-google

@ 2fdae362:c9999539

Why Your Manufacturing Engineers Shouldn’t Build Your Next‑Gen Product (and How an External NPD Team Supercharges Both)

1  |  Two Very Different Missions

Most electronics companies lump “engineering” into one budget line. In reality there are two distinct jobs:

| Mission | Core Question | Success Metric | |---------|---------------|----------------| | Manufacturing & Sales Support | How do we keep shipping and lower COGS? | Uptime, yield, cost‑down, ECO turnaround | | New‑Product Development | What will customers demand 18‑36 months from now? | Time‑to‑market, feature velocity, first‑pass success |

Trying to solve both with the same staff is like asking your pit‑crew to design an entirely new race‑car while the current one is circling the track.

---

2  |  Why Your In‑House Team Excels at Sustaining Work

• Process‑driven mindset – KPIs center on takt time and scrap, not innovation cycles.
• Deep tribal knowledge of legacy designs, test fixtures, and compliance filings.
• Close link to Ops & Sales – Daily stand‑ups about line stoppages and customer RMAs.

That focus is exactly why the factory runs smoothly — but it penalizes exploratory work. Every minute spent chasing down a bleeding‑edge SoC or new RF stack is a minute the line risks slipping.

---

3  |  What New‑Product Development Really Demands

• State‑of‑the‑art parts libraries (and the supply‑chain foresight to qualify alternates).
• Architectural runway — designs built for firmware updatability, security, and field diagnostics.
• Fast‑loop prototyping — EVT to DVT in weeks, not half‑years.
• Cross‑disciplinary toolchain — from FPGA simulation to Yocto‑based Linux builds to OTA pipelines.

These skills dull quickly when they aren’t used daily; maintaining them internally is expensive downtime for a sustaining group.

---

4  |  The Outside‑NPD Model: Division of Labor That Works

| Stage | Your Internal Team | Our External NPD Team | |-------|-------------------|-----------------------| | Concept | Product vision, market intel | Technology scouting, architecture options | | Design | DFx feedback & factory constraints | Schematics, layouts, firmware, driver stacks | | Validation | Factory test jig specs | EVT/DVT, pre‑compliance, safety margins | | Transfer | Process FMEAs, operator training | Full doc set, source, BoM, bring‑up guides |

Result: No bandwidth tug‑of‑war — each team stays in its lane and both lanes move faster.

---

5  |  Seven Tangible Benefits You’ll Feel in Year 1

1. 14‑30 % faster NPD schedules via parallel tasking.
2. Zero factory interruptions — sustaining KPIs stay green.
3. Up‑to‑date technology choices yielding longer market life and lower future BOM risk.
4. Process upgrades your ops team can re‑use (automated CI for firmware, digital‑thread BoM).
5. Cleaner IP chain of custody — everything delivered in version‑controlled repos with SPDX manifests.
6. Predictable budgeting — fixed‑price or milestone schedules instead of overtime creep.
7. On‑demand specialist depth (wireless certs, OS driver authors, safety assessors) without hiring.

---

6  |  Hand‑Off That Sticks

We shut the project down only after:

• Source, binaries, Gerbers, test plans, and regulatory artifacts are in your repo.
• Your sustaining engineers complete hands‑on bring‑up alongside ours.
• A 30‑60‑day shadow‑support window is booked.

That means the next ECO lands on your familiar desk, not ours — unless you want it to.

---

7  |  A Quick Example

When ACME Corp’s internal team tried to modernize their decade‑old IoT gateway, the factory choked on late‑night proto builds. We took the NPD load, delivered a Linux‑plus‑Modbus driver stack in 16 weeks, and handed it back with a test‑rig script that ACME’s own sustaining crew still runs today — zero line downtime, product launched six months early.

---

8  |  Ready to Split the Load?

If your manufacturing engineers are drowning in ECOs and your roadmap is slipping, let’s talk. We’ll map out an NPD sprint plan that leaves your factory gurus doing what they do best — keeping product flowing — while we build the future version you’ll hand back to them, fully documented.

@ 7b20d99d:d2a541a9

Bitcoin is a powerful tool for sending aid quickly, directly, and without intermediaries, especially in countries where banking systems are corrupt or inefficient. It allows for supporting noble causes without relying on slow or centralized NGOs. But where there is generosity, there are also abuses.

In the Bitcoin world, some have learned to exploit the anonymity and speed of transactions to create fake emotional stories and steal funds from well-meaning individuals. These scams damage trust and slow down the adoption of Bitcoin in humanitarian efforts.

In this series, I'll show you:

How to spot dubious projects,

What practices can alert you,

And most importantly, how to continue supporting real causes safely.

Alert 1: Lack of transparency

A serious charity project, whether Bitcoin-based or not, must be accountable.

In the Bitcoin ecosystem, where everything relies on peer-to-peer trust, transparency is even more crucial.

Here are the classic signs of a lack of transparency:

1. No concrete evidence of action on the ground.

   A project that asks you for money but doesn't show any photos, videos, or reports is suspicious. Even with limited resources, a legitimate project can show:

Before/after images of an action (e.g., food distribution, healthcare, clothing)

Receipts or proof of purchase (blurred if necessary for privacy)

Testimonies from beneficiaries, even short ones

1. No regular posting or tracking.

If a project has raised funds but doesn't publish any updates on the progress, distribution, or results achieved, this is a red flag. A genuine project maintains a connection with its donors, even after the fundraising process.

1. Bitcoin address without tracking.

Providing a Bitcoin address without providing a link to a Geyser, BTCPay, or donation tracking page is an easy way to hide donation flows. Serious projects use public tools to make donations visible to everyone.

1. Refusal to answer questions.

An honest project accepts questions from donors:

• Where do the funds go?
• Why this amount?
• Who is responsible?

If there is constant vagueness, or worse, aggression when you ask these questions: that's a red flag.

Recommendation :

Before donating, look for evidence. Ask simple questions. And above all, compare several projects: you'll quickly see who's doing real work, and who's showing nothing.

---

In Bitcoin charity projects, emotion is often the scammer's favorite tool. They know: if you're moved, you give quickly. Especially when there's an emergency. Unfortunately, they often have no real reason behind their requests.

Here's how these emotional manipulations work:

1. Dramatic stories without proof.

   A sick child, an injured animal, a starving family... these stories touch the heart. But often, the images are taken from Google or old TikTok/Facebook accounts. There's no proof that the person requesting sats is actually involved.

2. The manufactured emergency.

Scammers use phrases like:

"URGENT! He only has two days to live!"

"We need 100,000 sats before midnight, or else..."

This kind of urgency is often fabricated to push you to act without thinking or checking.

1. No trace of previous activity.

Often, these accounts have never discussed charity before. They suddenly appear, launch an emotional campaign, receive donations... then disappear or change their name.

1. Reusing stories from other projects.

Some copy real stories from real projects and adapt them with new BTC addresses. They rely on virality and credulity. Sometimes, they even imitate the style of a legitimate project.

How to protect yourself?

Reverse image search: You can use Google Images or Yandex to check if the photo is circulating elsewhere.

Research the account's history: was it posting content before the campaign? Does it seem committed to Bitcoin or a cause?

Refrain from reacting too quickly: if a story upsets you, that's exactly what the scammer wants. Take a break, do some research.

Key points:

A real project doesn't need to manipulate your emotions to gain your support. It shares its impact, its concrete actions, and is open to scrutiny. Never let your sats speak before your brain.

---

---

Check the project's public presence and reputation

In the decentralized world of Bitcoin, there are no guarantees or official certifiers. What replaces institutions is reputation: what others say about you, what you publish, and how you act over time.

Before donating to a charitable project in Bitcoin, it is essential to verify the public presence and traceability of the project or individual. This can prevent you from being scammed by opportunistic or malicious accounts.

Here are the good reflexes to have:

---

1. Cross-platform search

A legitimate project leaves its mark on multiple channels:

Nostr: posts, zaps, interactions, community relays

Twitter/X: regular posts, comments, retweets

Telegram, YouTube, Instagram: visual content and community comments

Even if it's small, a real project has at least one public space where it shares its activities, answers questions, and builds relationships with its supporters.

Alert: An account that appears out of nowhere with 3 posts in 2 days and an urgent donation request is suspicious.

---

1. Seeking credible public support

A great sign is when other well-known users in the Bitcoin community (or on Nostr) endorse or support the project:

They share the campaign;

They respond to posts with enthusiasm or testimonials;

They contribute sats themselves;

You can send them a DM to ask, "Are you familiar with this project? Are they serious?"

---

1. View account history

Does this account have:

• Have you already run other campaigns in the past?
• Demonstrated concrete results?
• A long-standing audience?

Scams often have an empty history, or one that has been deliberately deleted.

If the account was recently created, it's an orange flag. It's not always a scam, but it's a good sign.

---

1. Beware of names that are too generic

Accounts like “Bitcoin_Charity,” “BTC_Hope4Africa,” or “SatoshiMissionHelp” that use generic, faceless names with no personal history or evidence of involvement are often lures to suck up your generosity.

---

In an open world like Nostr, trust must be earned, not granted automatically. Before you zap or send sats: check the footprints. A real project doesn't hide. It wants to be seen, recognized, supported... and verified.

---

---

Prefer traceable and public donations

One of the great advantages of Bitcoin is that every transaction is recorded on the blockchain. Yet, many BTC charitable projects fail to leverage this transparency potential… sometimes out of ignorance, sometimes intentionally.

If you want to give securely, you should prioritize tools and methods that allow clear tracking of your money.

---

1. Favors transparent platforms (Geyser, Zaprite, BTCPay, etc.)

These platforms allow:

• Track how much has been raised in real time
• Have a public address or QR code that everyone can see
• Sometimes even see who donated (if the donor makes it public)

And most importantly: the funds go directly into the creator's wallet, without an intermediary

Example: Geyser.fund shows how many sats have been raised, how many are left to reach, and sometimes even the expenses incurred.

---

1. Avoid isolated static addresses

When someone just gives you a Bitcoin address without any context or tools around it, you can't know:

• If others have already donated
• What's the status of the fundraising?
• What will happen with the funds received?

Even worse, an address can be reused for multiple different campaigns. No tracking, no limits.

Reminder: A scammer can also show a QR code with an emotional caption, collect in bulk, and then erase all traces.

---

1. Request a dedicated campaign address

A serious project can:

• Generate a unique address for each campaign or donor (via a wallet or BTCPay store)
• Or show you a link to a Bitcoin explorer to track inflows in real time

This allows you to verify that: - Your donation has been received - Funds are not being diverted for other purposes - And that other people are also contributing (proof of credibility)

---

1. Check expenses if possible

More and more projects are publishing:

• Captures of receipts or transfers
• Monthly reports
• Distribution videos

This allows donors to see how funds are being used, even in rural areas or without stable internet.

---

If a project doesn't want you to track donations, ask yourself why. In the Bitcoin ecosystem, transparency is a weapon against abuse. Use it, and encourage others to do the same.

---

Want to help? Great. But in the Bitcoin ecosystem, giving indiscriminately is like throwing your sats into a bottomless pit. Here's a clear list of best practices to avoid scams and support good causes with confidence and intelligence.

---

1. Never give under pressure

A real project:

• Don't rush.
• Don't create an artificial sense of urgency.
• Don't demand anything.

Golden rule: if you are pressured to skip "quickly" or "now or everything is ruined", it is suspicious.

---

1. Use reputable platforms

Before sending sats:

Check if the project is on Geyser.fund, Zaprite, BTCPayServer, or Tallycoin.

These platforms provide transparency, monitoring and protection.

If the project refuses to appear there "without valid reason", ask yourself questions.

---

1. Always check the source

Ask yourself these questions:

• Who is leading this campaign?
• How long has this person been active in the community?
• Does their history hold a consistent profile?
• Are they well-known on Nostr, X, Telegram, or elsewhere?

A reliable project has nothing to hide. It is findable, traceable, and responsive.

---

1. Don't rely on images or videos alone

A photo of a crying child or a dish being offered proves nothing. What you want to know:

• Did they take this photo?
• What's the connection to the campaign?
• Do they show several stages (preparation, distribution, follow-up)?

Scammers love beautiful stolen images, but never show the actual work.

---

1. Request a follow-up report or evidence

A serious project can easily provide you with:

• A link to a dedicated Bitcoin address
• A video or photo with a personalized message
• A receipt or proof of purchase

If they refuse or get offended by you for asking? Run away.

---

1. Share only verified projects

You are also responsible for what you share. By sharing a project without verifying:

• You're putting your credibility on the line.
• You risk causing others to lose sats.

Do your own research, even if you trust the person who sent you the link.

---

1. Start small

You can test a project with a small amount and observe:

• How they communicate after receiving it

• If they thank you

• If they keep you informed

It's a simple way to filter out the good guys from the opportunists.

---

In a free ecosystem like Bitcoin, there's no customer service, no refunds, no "cancel" button. Your only security is your vigilance. Give, but give wisely.

---

How to intelligently support genuine causes

Supporting charitable projects with Bitcoin doesn't have to be risky. On the contrary, it can be a powerful tool for spreading the values ​​of Bitcoin while genuinely helping people.

But for your help to have a real impact, it's not enough to just switch off and disappear. You have to be intelligently involved.

Here's how to become a helpful, strategic, and caring donor.

---

1. Be part of the project, not just the donation

The best donors are not those who give the most, but those who:

• ask questions,
• suggest ideas,
• share campaigns,
• encourage the founder,
• inform others.

In Bitcoin, we talk about community, not customers. Be an agent of change, not just a transaction number.

1. Favors projects with a long-term vision

A serious project speaks to you:

• education,
• sustainability,
• independence,
• integration of Bitcoin into local life.

He doesn't just give away rice or clothes. He wants to make people more autonomous, freer, and more connected to the decentralized economy.

Support projects that build, not just those that distribute.

1. Diversify your support

You can :

• Skip small projects regularly
• Support a campaign with a fixed monthly budget
• Offer your skills: design, writing, video, networking

Participate in a DAO or a coordinated donations collective

Bitcoin support isn't just about money. Your time and talent are also valuable.

1. Educate while you help

When you participate in a project, take the opportunity to:

• Explain to others how Bitcoin works
• Demonstrate the benefits of transparency through blockchain
• Raising awareness in your circle of the freedom offered by direct support in BTC

Education is the ultimate weapon against addiction and scams.

1. Create or join a reliable initiative

You can :

• Create your own small campaign with Geyser.fund or Zaprite
• Join a collective like Hope With Bitcoin or other communities on Nostr
• Offer to document an existing campaign

This is how sustainable projects are born: not with large anonymous donations, but with small, well-supported flames.

Donating Bitcoin is more than just a transfer. It's an affirmation of values. It's a statement:

“I choose to support causes without going through banks, without permission, without borders, with transparency and freedom.”

But for it to work, you need:

• Stay vigilant

• Demand clarity

• Foster human connections
• Build trust

Bitcoin is a tool of sovereignty. It deserves honest projects. It's up to us to protect them.

Together, let's discover Hope With Bitcoin: The project whose mission is to share smiles and hope with those in need, while raising awareness for Bitcoin adoption.

X: https://x.com/HopeWithBTC

Nostr / Primal: https://primal.net/p/npub10vsdn82fps4vwjaqxcpwj0nyync0cfrp2f5qlayrljh6d549gx5s0y9eap

Proof Of Work: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/1/folders/19LWZX4TtF6DJbDVCqhJ0EMMQqnjHVMvm

Geyser : https://geyser.fund/project/hopewithbitcoin

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

🏌️ Monday, May 26 – Bitcoin Golf Championship & Kickoff Party

Location: Las Vegas, Nevada\ Event: 2nd Annual Bitcoin Golf Championship & Kick Off Party"\ Where: Bali Hai Golf Clubhouse, 5160 S Las Vegas Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89119\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!

Details:

• The week tees off in style with the Bitcoin Golf Championship. Swing clubs by day and swing to music by night.

• Live performances from Nostr-powered acts courtesy of Tunestr, including Ainsley Costello and others.

• Stop by the Purple Pill Booth hosted by Derek and Tanja, who will be on-boarding golfers and attendees to the decentralized social future with Nostr.

---

💬 May 27–29 – Bitcoin 2025 Conference at the Las Vegas Convention Center

Location: The Venetian Resort\ Main Attraction for Nostr Fans: The Nostr Lounge\ When: All day, Tuesday through Thursday\ Where: Right outside the Open Source Stage\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!

Come chill at the Nostr Lounge, your home base for all things decentralized social. With seating for \~50, comfy couches, high-tops, and good vibes, it’s the perfect space to meet developers, community leaders, and curious newcomers building the future of censorship-resistant communication.

Bonus: Right across the aisle, you’ll find Shopstr, a decentralized marketplace app built on Nostr. Stop by their booth to explore how peer-to-peer commerce works in a truly open ecosystem.

Daily Highlights at the Lounge:

• ☕️ Hang out casually or sit down for a deeper conversation about the Nostr protocol

• 🔧 1:1 demos from app teams

• 🛍️ Merch available onsite

• 🧠 Impromptu lightning talks

• 🎤 Scheduled Meetups (details below)

---

🎯 Nostr Lounge Meetups

Wednesday, May 28 @ 1:00 PM

• Damus Meetup: Come meet the team behind Damus, the OG Nostr app for iOS that helped kickstart the social revolution. They'll also be showcasing their new cross-platform app, Notedeck, designed for a more unified Nostr experience across devices. Grab some merch, get a demo, and connect directly with the developers.

Thursday, May 29 @ 1:00 PM

• Primal Meetup: Dive into Primal, the slickest Nostr experience available on web, Android, and iOS. With a built-in wallet, zapping your favorite creators and friends has never been easier. The team will be on-site for hands-on demos, Q&A, merch giveaways, and deeper discussions on building the social layer of Bitcoin.

---

🎙️ Nostr Talks at Bitcoin 2025

If you want to hear from the minds building decentralized social, make sure you attend these two official conference sessions:

1. FROSTR Workshop: Multisig Nostr Signing

• 🕚 Time: 11:30 AM – 12:00 PM

• 📅 Date: Wednesday, May 28

• 📍 Location: Developer Zone

• 🎤 Speaker: Austin Kelsay, Voltage\ A deep-dive into FROST-based multisig key management for Nostr. Geared toward devs and power users interested in key security.

2. Panel: Decentralizing Social Media

• 🕑 Time: 2:00 PM – 2:30 PM

• 📅 Date: Thursday, May 29

• 📍 Location: Genesis Stage

• 🎙️ Moderator: McShane (Bitcoin Strategy @ Roxom TV)

• 👥 Speakers:

• Martti Malmi – Early Bitcoin dev, CEO @ Sirius Business Ltd

• Lyn Alden – Analyst & Partner @ Ego Death Capital

Get the big-picture perspective on why decentralized social matters and how Nostr fits into the future of digital communication.

---

🌃 NOS VEGAS Meetup & Afterparty

Date: Wednesday, May 28\ Time: 7:00 PM – 1:00 AM\ Location: We All Scream Nightclub, 517 Fremont St., Las Vegas, NV 89101\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!

What to Expect:

• 🎶 Live Music Stage – Featuring Ainsley Costello, Sara Jade, Able James, Martin Groom, Bobby Shell, Jessie Lark, and other V4V artists

• 🪩 DJ Party Deck – With sets by DJ Valerie B LOVE, TatumTurnUp, and more DJs throwing down

• 🛰️ Live-streamed via Tunestr

• 🧠 Nostr Education – Talks by Derek Ross, Tomer Strolight, Terry Yiu, OpenMike, and more.

• 🧾 Vendors & Project Booths – Explore new tools and services

• 🔐 Onboarding Stations – Learn how to use Nostr hands-on

• 🐦 Nostrich Flocking – Meet your favorite nyms IRL

• 🍸 Three Full Bars – Two floors of socializing overlooking vibrant Fremont Street

This is the after-party of the year for those who love freedom technology and decentralized social community. Don’t miss it.

---

Final Thoughts

Whether you're there to learn, network, party, or build, Bitcoin 2025 in Las Vegas has a packed week of Nostr-friendly programming. Be sure to catch all the events, visit the Nostr Lounge, and experience the growing decentralized social revolution.

🟣 Find us. Flock with us. Purple pill someone.

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

profissional #brasileiros #portugues #lista

[Em Atualização]

---

nostr:nprofile1qqsvz46xcwfqjyw5xkjh3gs8v63udn6slp2wehn8pyndtcpvvxa7rwqpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsdzu0zr - Estude BITCOIN

!(image)[https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_8896510008477875231689270519.webp]

Canal Principal: https://m.youtube.com/@altierebtc

Canal de Games: https://m.youtube.com/channel/UCm9dUXKlVbDOfa-7GB-6gxw

Twitch: https://m.twitch.tv/altiere/home

Endereço Lightning: Quietcarol43@walletofsatoshi.com

---

Peter Turguniev - nostr:nprofile1qqszleff9gkly5z85wf0em4dw4zcsaw8whp3es50f0syeme73kc49ygpzemhxue69uhkummnw3ex2mrfw3jhxtn0wfnj7qgj4r9

Site: ANCAP.SU

!(image)[https://i.im.ge/2023/06/01/hCgPJa.03de86ce-3106-4a4b-859c-b6b4d9e6e62e.jpg]

Canal Principal: https://m.youtube.com/@ancap_su

Visão Libertária: https://m.youtube.com/@Visao_Libertaria

Canal de Programação: https://m.youtube.com/@safesrc

Canal Mundo em Revolução: https://m.youtube.com/@wrevolving

Canal Hoje no X: https://m.youtube.com/@noxhoje

Canal Antigo: https://m.youtube.com/@ANCAPSUClassic

Site: https://pimentanocafe.com.br/

ANCAP.SU (Odysee): https://odysee.com/@ancapsu:be

Visão Libertária (Odysee): https://odysee.com/@ancapsu:c

Endereço Lightning: Ancapsu@getalby.com

---

nostr:nprofile1qqsw2k9dqcwkelfl0cr2ranhfvqx98et635hymmefl4rr89e4x9xtaqpr9mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuumwdae8gtnnda3kjctv9u55vn8f

Economista e Cientista de Dados

!(image)[https://image.nostr.build/9caacd289ed01ad6fecd331a43218da6ce3c2f5713d9e9a4fc8c8b531728deb8.jpg]

Repositorio de codigos: https://github.com/Argonalyst

Notícias sobre tecnologia e inteligência artificial: https://youtube.com/@argonalyst

https://www.argonalyst.com/

---

Bitcoinheiros - nostr:nprofile1qqsdg0vnpw76lujncaexfh0fy747dheynq9s5m9wqxulcu2szlwqpfcpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhszyrhwden5te0dehhxarj9ekk7mf0cmje9h

!(image)[https://void.cat/d/A6LisLBh5cmyYtrgkjqBxe.webp]

Canal Principal: https://m.youtube.com/@Bitcoinheiros

Canal de Cortes: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC82m2TCXSHWcqSLym5BzjLQ/

Site: https://bitcoinheiros.com/

Endereço Lightning: ln@pay.bitcoinheiros.com

---

Área Bitcoin - Divulgação sobre Bitcoin

nostr:nprofile1qqstvy6savnm83mf9775t70d2d2lp2rsw8hys5rfsq4lhy9qachctpgpzemhxue69uhkummnw3ex2mrfw3jhxtn0wfnj7svvx93 e nostr:npub1yzhwak5yc7pzvukwzlfj7p0dp2y07jd42y45h0maxuej4us5rcjsssxkej

!(image)[https://m.primal.net/KXBa.jpg]

Canal Principal: https://m.youtube.com/@AreaBitcoin

Site: Areabitcoin.com.br

Endereço Lightning: Cyanlionfish5@primal.net

---

nostr:nprofile1qqs075udlpdc60js8ade7st2zt942ghj0ehd6frnwjtylss5c9kdxzgpr9mhxue69uhkyu3wwp6hyurvv4ex2mrp0yhxxmmd9uq32amnwvaz7tmhda6zumn0wd68ytnsv9e8g7g24pghx - Dev

Repositório: https://github.com/antonioconselheiro/omeglestr

---

nostr:nprofile1qqsqxh6ffher03qlngcnf93g9kyv7gzkmz6h6t8qylzkw8hup8zxytspzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hszrnhwden5te0dehhxtnvdakz7qgawaehxw309ahx7um5wghxy6t5vdhkjmn9wgh8xmmrd9skctcx72xdd

Biólogo e colunista

!(image)[https://image.nostr.build/8bddd8cd3e2e65c76cd7b02179e3ddeb3a1a1171f0a0ae32594278a9ccf19da0.jpg]

Canal Principal: https://m.youtube.com/@EliVieira

Endereço Lightning: Elivieira@bipa.app

---

nostr:nprofile1qqsgy4gvl2n03ylylv0ack59res7nytkjdq5wpqcw9ch5eqhwwnpnvgpypmhxw309aex2mrp0ykkummnw3ez6cnj9e3k7mfwvfer5dpcxsuz7qgewaehxw309a38ytnsw4e8qmr9wfjkccte9e3k7mf0qyvhwumn8ghj7cmv9ec82unsd3jhyetvv9ujucm0d5hs6m9t8t

Canal Principal: https://youtube.com/@Akitando

https://www.akitaonrails.com/

https://www.codeminer42.com/

Endereço Lightning: Akitaonrails@strike.me

---

Felipe Ojeda - nostr:nprofile1qqsv7c6qu0qsy9wxg9cqkhle078j46rhsvz64f6vukxdmpkdt7vt55cpz9mhxue69uhkummnw3ezuamfdejj7qg4waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t09uq3wamnwvaz7tmpw3kxzuewdehhxarj9ekxzmny9uwes77q

Saída fiscal para o Paraguai e P2P

https://youtube.com/@bitcoineliberdade

Lightning Network: ojeda@blink.sv

---

nostr:npub18zw66c2lvt6s06drtvtkjjyvnfwjdgg2w7y36rmtmg7rnfnkhhxq7hhu4t

Engenheiro

Construção econômica e sustentável: https://amandaefernando.com.br/

https://youtube.com/@amandaefernando

Carteira de Zap: lilacgecko5@blink.com

---

nostr:npub1kqd90mglkp0ltmc5eacd0claqvnayaklkvzkdhx7x84w9uavplxszvrlwd

Canal principal: https://youtube.com/@fernandoulrichcanal

---

nostr:npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6

https://fiatjaf.com/

Repositórios de códigos:

https://git.fiatjaf.com/

https://github.com/fiatjaf

Outros repositórios:

https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nostr

Carteita de Zap: fiatjaf@zbd.gg

---

nostr:nprofile1qqsw2s3zjedanx8nve9zda7zkemx5n5d4v0mt0ncehfa7qkkjse5v5gpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsxnexr8

Canal Principal: https://m.youtube.com/@FoxyeBitcoin

Endereço Lightning: Foxye@bipa.app

---

nostr:npub1vudm0xsx4cv3zkvvq7k5836tnkv64q0h7uudnwujr4a4l9zc2p9s0x8url - Irmãos Chioca

Tradutores e publicadores de temáticas libertárias [livros, artigos, vídeos e textos]

https://rothbardbrasil.com/

Canal principal: https://youtube.com/@institutorothbardbrasil

Carteira de zap: trendybean80@walletofsatoshi.com

---

João Abitante - nostr:nprofile1qqsyzwgmhmdsduuya866s2pnnkw2x956wdpumtjjw3rp4ueyunv9hlspr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnwdaehgu3wvfnj7qgwwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkctclycz6e

Contador Libertário

!(image)[https://m.primal.net/KWoL.png]

Canal Principal: https://youtube.com/@ahoradaelisao

Endereço Lightning: libertcontador@pay.bbw.sv

---

João Trein - nostr:nprofile1qqsze3h79ljwzqp7ryre9n6p9z8m4t4m5806v8anxu9q2dx7n5cgqfgpz3mhxue69uhkummnw3ezummcw3ezuer9wcq35amnwvaz7tm5dpjkvmmjv4ehgtnwdaehgu339e3k7mgpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumrpdejqj2zepn

Bitcoin e Cyber segurança

https://youtube.com/@tninvest

Carteira de Zap: tninvest@blink.com

---

nostr:nprofile1qqsdwdhzj3red6p62fus3sdk03cqp8t0u3enfupwa4rw2q2yhfwe9tqpr9mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuumwdae8gtnnda3kjctv9uq32amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwv3sk6atn9e5k7tc3ft2ln

Atendimento psicológico e sobrevivencialismo

Canal sobrevivencialismo: https://youtube.com/@sobrevivencialismo

Canal de psicologia: https://youtube.com/@juliolobosv

Carteira de zap: juliolobosv@getalby.com

---

nostr:npub1q88jfh2gasm0ztszhltfl226lhpvlxxq2u0t6smf2n5cn85es4assuwqmp

Divulgadora sobre Bitcoin

https://youtube.com/@bitlorena

Carteira de zap: potterlore@zbd.gg

---

nostr:nprofile1qqsp05nhmn8x343gme39d8l63z2d34ht4lgln60jn5vm3gsndj7u86qppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp09kal50

Ambientalista

https://youtube.com/@marcobatalha

Carteira de zap marcobatalha@getalby.com

---

Marcus - nostr:npub1wsl3695cnz7skvmcfqx980fmrv5ms3tcfyfg52sttvujgxk3r4lqajteft e nostr:npub12mllp29adf2fw0eeahmseczcu3y4625qyn3v4uwfvkpzlshnmj3qs903ju

https://privatelawsociety.net/know

https://github.com/PrivateLawSociety/pls-mvp

Carteira de zap: anarcus@getalby.com

---

nostr:nprofile1qqs923ewnsqlx7347cpjhxmcmt0rsmnwf3tasr736pjx4wee9q89ufcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsf83vqq

Programador

Repositório de códigos:

https://github.com/misesdev

Aulas de desenvolvimento de código

https://youtube.com/@misesdev

Carteira de Zap: greatasphalt42@walletofsatoshi.com

---

nostr:nprofile1qqsvqnfplem5auv0ug0j2v8kkp5x06fcv93rqs6cz54fm6svs28ahgqpz4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezummcw3ezuer9wchsn6tsk6

Repositório: https://github.com/ODevLibertario/nostrlivery

---

nostr:nprofile1qqstj62w4ctec57ny2p6hs67ut4nygsrc4th75ff42cyag4emy2v3yspz9mhxue69uhkummnw3ezuamfdejj7qg4waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t09uqsuamnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dshsxhz6wr

!(image)[https://image.nostr.build/22080bdb678ab61ef863be436d78654f537287951508198bf9fa5129abb289fc.jpg]

Canal Principal: https://m.youtube.com/@PROmetheusHODL

Canal no Odysee: https://odysee.com/@Prometheus:ef

Endereços Lightning e Liquid Blink: prometheus@blink.sv Alby: prometheusyt@getalby.com Liquid: VJLDAirBEPj4deoRnspxG8pnu8Ezxg6ajPcXyXoDXDP1dKn9UDJPDckiX5vBTp9aFQM42B15KpAHqVkc

---

nostr:npub1ld5xqfflwy6txghaaef2d4rnyzkvwvz2crncmtvhq93xxsqvzqtqzdx4yp

https://youtube.com/@VamosViverFora

Carteira de zap: psp@blink.com

---

nostr:npub1gcxzte5zlkncx26j68ez60fzkvtkm9e0vrwdcvsjakxf9mu9qewqlfnj5z

https://vitorpamplona.com/

Repositorio de codigo:

https://github.com/vitorpamplona

https://github.com/vitorpamplona/amethyst/

---

Cursos:

---

Seiiti Arata / Seiiti Arata (Inglês)

Produtor de cursos

https://www.arataacademy.com/

Canal principal: https://youtube.com/@arataacademy

---

Daniel Miorim e Malboro

Comentarismo e ensino

Alta Linguagem e Curso Libertário de Anticomunismo

https://youtube.com/@altalinguagem

---

Renato 38 e Alan Schramm

Livros, curso e consultoria de Bitcoin

O seguinte canal disponibiliza o curso, mas não menciona ser do Renato ou do Alan:

https://youtu.be/ZQaGXchogkk

---

Rafael Scapella

Viagens, informações e política internacional

https://youtube.com/@rafaelscapella?si=IfPjPfVsPlmA_zYX

---

Roberto Pantoja

Inovaflix - Cursos e Consutoria de Negócios

Canal de informação: https://youtube.com/@robertopantoja

---

Carlos Xavier

Prof. de Teologia e Direito

Curso de História da Filosofia e Direito

Direito sem Juridiquês:

https://youtube.com/c/DireitosemJuridiquês

• Playlist libertária:

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYXudd4-x8GjzIyNZsUzzw8NF-Gkca8sV&si=oyDRdxVDB0b1GLTo

Teodidatas:

https://youtube.com/c/Teodidatas

---

Jason Schmütz (Toddyn)

Comunicador sobre jogos e temas gerais

Canal sobre Bitcoin, critica ao Estado e a empresas de jogos, e estilo de vida:

https://youtube.com/@ojasonschmutz

Canal de Jogos:

https://youtube.com/@toddyncp

Curso de criação de jogos sem programar - Codezero | RPG Paper Maker [Atualmente indisponível]

---

Pigdev

Desenvolvedor de jogos indies

https://youtube.com/@pigdev

Cursos e materiais para desenvolvimento de jogos

https://pigdev.itch.io/

---

Outros Profissionais Libertários

---

Anderson - Ciberdef

Defesa cibernética

https://youtube.com/@andersonciberdef

---

Guilherme Bauer - Capital Global

Internacionalização de patrimônio

https://odysee.com/@capitalglobalbr:b

---

Tuchê Nunes

Agricultura, permacultura e bioconstrução

https://youtube.com/@tuchenunesautossustentavel

---

Jack

Personal trainer

Dicas de treinos https://youtube.com/@lybrjack

---

Avelino Morganti

Ouro, prata e joias

Compras e pedidos: https://morgantis.com/

Canal de informação: https://youtube.com/@avelinomorganti

---

Bianca Colobari

Atendimento psicológico e experiência com educação domiciliar para crianças

Canal de informação https://youtube.com/@biancacolombari

---

Cecilia Isicke (Portugal)

Médica libertária e bitcoinheira

Canal de informação https://youtube.com/@draceciliaisicke650

---

Não Libertário e Bitcoiner

---

Núcleo Dharma

Artes Marciais, Autodefesa e Armas

https://youtube.com/channel/UCtbAO1zbJAwd6gDK7Y87JLA

@ 6ad08392:ea301584

In 2024, I was high as a kite on Nostr hopium and optimism. Early that year, my co-founder and I figured that we could use Nostr as a way to validate ambassadors on “Destination Bitcoin” - the germ of a travel app idea we had at the time that would turn into Satlantis. After some more digging and thinking, we realised that Nostr’s open social graph would be of major benefit, and in exploring that design space, the fuller idea of Satlantis formed: a new kind of social network for travel.

###### ^^2 slides from the original idea here

I still remember the call I had with @pablof7z in January. I was in Dubai pitching the AI idea I was working on at the time, but all I could think and talk about was Satlantis and Nostr.

That conversation made me bullish AF. I came back from the trip convinced we’d struck gold. I pivoted the old company, re-organised the team and booked us for the Sovereign Engineering cohort in Madeira. We put together a whole product roadmap, go to market strategy and cap raise around the use of Nostr. We were going to be the ‘next big Nostr app’.

A couple of events followed in which I announced this all to the world: Bitcoin Atlantis in March and BTC Prague in June being the two main ones. The feedback was incredible. So we doubled down. After being the major financial backer for the Nostr Booth in Prague, I decided to help organise the Nostr Booth initiative and back it financially for a series of Latin American conferences in November. I was convinced this was the biggest thing since bitcoin, so much so that I spent over $50,000 in 2024 on Nostr marketing initiatives. I was certainly high on something.

Sobering up

It’s March 2025 and I’ve sobered up. I now look at Nostr through a different lens. A more pragmatic one. I see Nostr as a tool, as an entrepreneur - who’s more interested in solving a problem, than fixating on the tool(s) being used - should.

A couple things changed for me. One was the sub-standard product we released in November. I was so focused on being a Nostr evangelist that I put our product second. Coupled with the extra technical debt we took on at Satlantis by making everything Nostr native, our product was crap. We traded usability & product stability for Nostr purism & evangelism.

We built a whole suite of features using native event kinds (location kinds, calendar kinds, etc) that we thought other Nostr apps would also use and therefore be interoperable. Turns out no serious players were doing any of that, so we spent a bunch of time over-engineering for no benefit 😂

The other wake up call for me was the Twitter ban in Brazil. Being one of the largest markets for Twitter, I really thought it would have a material impact on global Nostr adoption. When basically nothing happened, I began to question things.

Combined, these experiences helped sober me up and I come down from my high. I was reading “the cold start problem” by Andrew Chen (ex-Uber) at the time and doing a deep dive on network effects. I came to the following realisation:

Nostr’s network effect is going to take WAY longer than we all anticipated initially. This is going to be a long grind. And unlike bitcoin, winning is not inevitable. Bitcoin solves a much more important problem, and it’s the ONLY option. Nostr solves an important problem yes, but it’s far from the only approach. It’s just the implementation arguably in the lead right now.

This sobering up led us to take a different approach with Nostr. We now view it as another tool in the tech-stack, no different to the use of React Native on mobile or AWS for infrastructure. Nostr is something to use if it makes the product better, or avoid if it makes the product and user experience worse. I will share more on this below, including our simple decision making framework. I’ll also present a few more potentially unpopular opinions about Nostr. Four in total actually:

1. Nostr is a tool, not a revolution
2. Nostr doesn’t solve the multiple social accounts problem
3. Nostr is not for censorship resistance
4. Grants come with a price

Let’s begin…

Nostr is a tool, not a revolution

Nostr is full of Bitcoiners, and as much as we like to think we’re immune from shiny object syndrome, we are, somewhere deep down afflicted by it like other humans. That’s normal & fine. But…while Bitcoiners have successfully suppressed this desire when it comes to shitcoins, it lies dormant, yearning for the least shitcoin-like thing to emerge which we can throw our guiltless support behind.

That thing arrived and it’s called Nostr.

As a result, we’ve come to project the same kind of purity and maximalism onto it as we do with Bitcoin, because it shares some attributes and it’s clearly not a grift.

The trouble is, in doing so, we’ve put it in the same class as Bitcoin - which is an error.

Nostr is important and in its own small way, revolutionary, but it pales in comparison to Bitcoin’s importance. Think of it this way: If Bitcoin fails, civilisation is fucked. If Nostr fails, we’ll engineer another rich-identity protocol. There is no need for the kind of immaculate conception and path dependence that was necessary for Bitcoin whose genesis and success has been a once in a civilisation event. Equivocating Nostr and Bitcoin to the degree that it has been, is a significant category error. Nostr may ‘win’ or it may just be an experiment on the path to something better. And that’s ok !

I don’t say this to piss anyone off, to piss on Nostr or to piss on myself. I say it because I’d prefer Nostr not remain a place where a few thousand people speak to each other about how cool Nostr is. That’s cute in the short term, but in the grand scheme of things, it’s a waste of a great tool that can make a significant corner of the Internet great again.

By removing the emotional charge and hopium from our relationship to Nostr, we can take a more sober, objective view of it (and hopefully use it more effectively).

Instead of making everything about Nostr (the tool), we can go back to doing what great product people and businesses do: make everything about the customer.

---

Nobody’s going around marketing their app as a “react native product” - and while I understand that’s a false equivalent in the sense that Nostr is a protocol, while react is a framework - the reality is that it DOES NOT MATTER.

For 99.9999% of the world, what matters is the hole, not the drill. Maybe 1000 people on Earth REALLY care that something is built on Nostr, but for everyone else, what matters is what the app or product does and the problem it solves. Realigning our focus in this way, and looking at not only Nostr, but also Bitcoin as a tool in the toolkit, has transformed the way we’re building.

This inspired an essay I wrote a couple weeks ago called “As Nostr as Possible”. It covers our updated approach to using and building WITH Nostr (not just ‘on’ it). You can find that here:

https://futuresocial.substack.com/p/as-nostr-as-possible-anap

If you’re too busy to read it, don’t fret. The entire theory can be summarised by the diagram below. This is how we now decide what to make Nostr-native, and what to just build on our own. And - as stated in the ANAP essay - that doesn’t mean we’ll never make certain features Nostr-native. If the argument is that Nostr is not going anywhere, then we can always come back to that feature and Nostr-fy it later when resources and protocol stability permit.

Next…

The Nostr all in one approach is not all “positive”

Having one account accessible via many different apps might not be as positive as we initially thought.

If you have one unified presence online, across all of your socials, and you’re posting the same thing everywhere, then yes - being able to post content in one place and it being broadcast everywhere, is great. There’s a reason why people literally PAY for products like Hypefury, Buffer and Hootsuite (aside from scheduling).

BUT…..This is not always the case.

I’ve spoken to hundreds of creators and many have flagged this as a bug not a feature because they tend to have a different audience on different platforms and speak to them differently depending on the platform. We all know this. How you present yourself on LinkedIn is very different to how you do it on Instagram or X.

The story of Weishu (Tencent’s version of TikTok) comes to mind here. Tencent’s WeChat login worked against them because people didn’t want their social graph following them around. Users actually wanted freedom from their existing family & friends, so they chose Douyin (Chinese TikTok) instead.

Perhaps this is more relevant to something like WeChat because the social graph following you around is more personal, but we saw something similar with Instagram and Facebook. Despite over a decade of ownership, Facebook still keeps the social graphs separated.

All this to say that while having a different strategy & approach on different social apps is annoying, it allows users to tap into different markets because each silo has its own ‘flavour’. The people who just post the same thing everywhere are low-quality content creators anyway. The ones who actually care, are using each platform differently.

The ironic part here is that this is arguably more ‘decentralised’ than the protocol approach because these siloes form a ‘marketplace of communities’ which are all somewhat different.

---

We need to find a smart way of doing this with Nostr. Some way of catering to the appropriate audience where it matters most. Perhaps this will be handled by clients, or by relays. One solution I’ve heard from people in the Nostr space is to just ‘spin up another nPub’ for your different audience. While I have no problem with people doing that - I have multiple nPubs myself - it’s clearly NOT a solution to the underlying problem here.

We’re experimenting with something. Whether it’s a good idea or not remains to be seen. Satlantis users will be able to curate their profiles and remove (hide / delete) content on our app. We’ll implement this in two stages:

Stage 1: Simple\ In the first iteration, we will not broadcast a delete request to relays. This means users can get a nicely curated profile page on Satlantis, but keep a record of their full profile elsewhere on other clients / relays.

Stage 2: More complex\ Later on, we’ll try to give people an option to “delete on Satlantis only” or “delete everywhere”. The difference here is more control for the user. Whether we get this far remains to be seen. We’ll need to experiment with the UX and see whether this is something people really want.

I’m sure neither of these solutions are ‘ideal’ - but they’re what we’re going to try until we have more time & resources to think this through more.

Next…

Nostr is not for Censorship Resistance

I’m sorry to say, but this ship has sailed. At least for now. Maybe it’s a problem again in the future, but who knows when, and if it will ever be a big enough factor anyway.

The truth is, while WE all know that Nostr is superior because it’s a protocol, people do NOT care enough. They are more interested in what’s written ON the box, not what’s necessarily inside the box. 99% of people don’t know wtf a protocol is in the first place - let alone why it matters for censorship resistance to happen at that level, or more importantly, why they should trust Nostr to deliver on that promise.

Furthermore, the few people who did care about “free speech” are now placated enough with Rumble for Video, X for short form and Substack for long form. With Meta now paying lip-service to the movement, it’s game over for this narrative - at least for the foreseeable future.

The "space in people’s minds for censorship resistance has been filled. Both the ‘censorship resistance’ and ‘free speech’ ships have sailed (even though they were fake), and the people who cared enough all boarded.

For the normies who never cared, they still don’t care - or they found their way to the anti-platforms, like Threads, BlueSky or Pornhub.

The small minority of us still here on Nostr…are well…still here. Which is great, but if the goal is to grow the network effect here and bring in more people, then we need to find a new angle. Something more compelling than “your account won’t be deleted.”

I’m not 100% sure what that is. My instinct is that a “network of interoperable applications”, that don’t necessarily or explicitly brand themselves as Nostr, but have it under the hood is the right direction. I think the open social graph and using it in novel ways is compelling. Trouble is, this needs more really well-built and novel apps for non-sovereignty minded people (especially content creators) and people who don’t necessarily care about the reasons Nostr was first built. Also requires us to move beyond just building clones of what already exists.

We’ve been trying to do this Satlantis thing for almost a year now and it’s coming along - albeit WAY slower than I would’ve liked. We’re experimenting our way into a whole new category of product. Something different to what exists today. We’ve made a whole bunch of mistakes and at times I feel like a LARP considering the state of non-delivery.

BUT…what’s on the horizon is very special, and I think that all of the pain, effort and heartache along the way will be 100% worth it. We are going to deliver a killer product that people love, that solves a whole host of travel-related problems and has Nostr under the hood (where nobody, except those who care, will know).

Grants come with a price

This one is less of an opinion and more of an observation. Not sure it really belongs in this essay, but I’ll make a small mention just as food for thought,

Grants are a double-edged sword.

I’m super grateful that OpenSats, et al, are supporting the protocol, and I don’t envy the job they have in trying to decipher what to support and what not to depending on what’s of benefit to the network versus what’s an end user product.

That being said, is the Nostr ecosystem too grant-dependent? This is not a criticism, but a question. Perhaps this is the right thing to do because of how young Nostr is. But I just can’t help but feel like there’s something a-miss.

Grants put the focus on Nostr, instead of the product or customer. Which is fine, if the work the grant covers is for Nostr protocol development or tooling. But when grants subsidise the development of end user products, it ties the builder / grant recipient to Nostr in a way that can misalign them to the customer’s needs. It’s a bit like getting a government grant to build something. Who’s the real customer??

Grants can therefore create an almost communist-like detachment from the market and false economic incentive. To reference the Nostr decision framework I showed you earlier, when you’ve been given a grant, you are focusing more on the X axis, not the Y. This is a trade-off, and all trade-offs have consequences.

Could grants be the reason Nostr is so full of hobbyists and experimental products, instead of serious products? Or is that just a function of how ambitious and early Nostr is?

I don’t know.

Nostr certainly needs better toolkits, SDKs, and infrastructure upon which app and product developers can build. I just hope the grant money finds its way there, and that it yields these tools. Otherwise app developers like us, won’t stick around and build on Nostr. We’ll swap it out with a better tool.

To be clear, this is not me pissing on Nostr or the Grantors. Jack, OpenSats and everyone who’s supported Nostr are incredible. I’m just asking the question.

Final thing I’ll leave this section with is a thought experiment: Would Nostr survive if OpenSats disappeared tomorrow?

Something to think about….

Coda

If you read this far, thank you. There’s a bunch here to digest, and like I said earlier - this not about shitting on Nostr. It is just an enquiry mixed with a little classic Svetski-Sacred-Cow-Slaying.

I want to see Nostr succeed. Not only because I think it’s good for the world, but also because I think it is the best option. Which is why we’ve invested so much in it (something I’ll cover in an upcoming article: “Why we chose to build on Nostr”). I’m firmly of the belief that this is the right toolkit for an internet-native identity and open social graph. What I’m not so sure about is the echo chamber it’s become and the cult-like relationship people have with it.

I look forward to being witch-hunted and burnt at the stake by the Nostr purists for my heresy and blaspheming. I also look forward to some productive discussions as a result of reading this.

Thankyou for your attention.

Until next time.

@ 57412389:2b288de5

Bitcoiners won big in the 2024 elections that saw Trump take the White House and Republicans control both the House and the Senate. Not because Trump and his Republican teammates are God's gift to the US or because they're all Bitcoiners, but because they're not the version of the Democrats we saw during the previous four years.

If you're reading this I'm sure you're well aware of the hostility the previous administration had towards Bitcoin. It was obvious at the time that individual actors like Elizabeth Warren and Gary Gensler were acting against Bitcoin, but after Trump's victory, plenty of Bitcoiners and people in the "crypto industry" felt comfortable enough to speak out about the specific lashings they took from Biden and crew. Chokepoint 2.0 went from a conspiracy theory toan accepted truththat the administration was working to slow Bitcoin anyway they could. It was a mind numbing stance that certainly opened the door for Trump to gain a non-negligbile amount of votes pretty easily. He got on stage at Bitcoin 2024 and treated it like any other rally, ranting on and on about how great he was and how bad the Democrats were with a few crypto lines sprinkled in. He, almost teasingly, said "Have fun playing with your Bitcoin.", walked off stage, and that was it. That's all it took for him to secure the vote of anyone with a hair of their networth tied up in "crypto".

I'm not suggesting Trump is a nothing for Bitcoin, he's pushed the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve forward and certainly given air cover to other Republicans in power at the state level to push positive Bitcoin legislation, but the big win for Bitcoiners is that he isn't the other guys.

On top of the SBR at the federal level, New Hampshire and Arizona have passed state level SBRs at the time of this writing with many others having bills trying to make their way through the system. There are alsoplenty of other billsat the state level that have already passed or are on their way to passing that defend things like the right to self custody and other protections for Bitcoiners.

These bills are all great news and I don't want to act like the elite purity test Bitcoiners and pretend the largest government in the world being Bitcoin friendly isn't a big deal - it is. But, at the end of the day with the way politics seems to work as of late, everything can be changed with the swipe of a pen by the next guy in power. These should be treated as four year promises at best.

Political power works like a seesaw. Right now the Republicans have the juice, but come next election cycle that's likely to change. The issue is the system is burning and there's nothing that politicians can realistically do to put out the flames. All the real solutions, like eliminating government programs such a social security and medicare/medicaid, are political suicide and anyone running on that platform wouldn't sniff a seat in office. So every four years Americans look back on the previous four and go "Man, that guy really sucked. Things are worse than they were before. The other guys can save us!" Of course, the other guys suck too, but the current guys sucking is just fresher in the minds of the public. There is nothing any politician can do to put out this fire because all they can afford to wield is a garden hose or they won't get votes. So, we all just watch this fire grow larger and larger and pick a different guy with a different garden hose every four years because the last guy didn't work and the only move we've got is to pick the other guy.

So, if all these executive orders, working groups, bills, and laws can just be evaporated by the other team next time around why was the Trump win so big for Bitcoin? The answer is that it buys Bitcoin time to soak into every crevice of the financial system. If the next political team in power decides they hate Bitcoin and want to reverse every positive thing done by Trump's team it's going to be a lot harder for them to do that when a serious portion of the financial system has an incentive to fight for and vote in favor of Bitcoin.

Just a handful of examples of how Bitcoin is soaking into the financial system:

iBIT is currently Blackrock's 11th largest ETF by AUM. FBTC is Fidelity's largest ETF by AUM. Wisconsin and Michigan state pensions both hold Bitcoin ETFs. CalPERS holds shares of MSTR.

There's a point where so many different entities that affect so many different individuals hold Bitcoin, or investments centered around Bitcoin, that a politician attacking Bitcoin from a regulatory perspective just isn't realistic in the same way regulation against Gold isn't feasible. These regulatory attacks on an asset with deep roots in the financial system would be poltical suicide just like threatening to delete Social Security. No longer is attacking Bitcoin a move against a few hundred thousand internet dorks, it's an attack on anyone with a pension, anyone who owns the stock of a company holding bitcoin, any private business holding bitcoin, plus a few hundred thousand internet dorks.

While the Bitcoin bills catch all the headlines, the real signal is watching bitcoin soak into private holdings of people in power, pension funds, public company treasuries, etc. We've got four years to for Bitcoin to become so ingrained that no politician could attack it.

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

Recently we have seen a wave of high profile X accounts hacked. These attacks have exposed the fragility of the status quo security model used by modern social media platforms like X. Many users have asked if nostr fixes this, so lets dive in. How do these types of attacks translate into the world of nostr apps? For clarity, I will use X’s security model as representative of most big tech social platforms and compare it to nostr.

The Status Quo

On X, you never have full control of your account. Ultimately to use it requires permission from the company. They can suspend your account or limit your distribution. Theoretically they can even post from your account at will. An X account is tied to an email and password. Users can also opt into two factor authentication, which adds an extra layer of protection, a login code generated by an app. In theory, this setup works well, but it places a heavy burden on users. You need to create a strong, unique password and safeguard it. You also need to ensure your email account and phone number remain secure, as attackers can exploit these to reset your credentials and take over your account. Even if you do everything responsibly, there is another weak link in X infrastructure itself. The platform’s infrastructure allows accounts to be reset through its backend. This could happen maliciously by an employee or through an external attacker who compromises X’s backend. When an account is compromised, the legitimate user often gets locked out, unable to post or regain control without contacting X’s support team. That process can be slow, frustrating, and sometimes fruitless if support denies the request or cannot verify your identity. Often times support will require users to provide identification info in order to regain access, which represents a privacy risk. The centralized nature of X means you are ultimately at the mercy of the company’s systems and staff.

Nostr Requires Responsibility

Nostr flips this model radically. Users do not need permission from a company to access their account, they can generate as many accounts as they want, and cannot be easily censored. The key tradeoff here is that users have to take complete responsibility for their security. Instead of relying on a username, password, and corporate servers, nostr uses a private key as the sole credential for your account. Users generate this key and it is their responsibility to keep it safe. As long as you have your key, you can post. If someone else gets it, they can post too. It is that simple. This design has strong implications. Unlike X, there is no backend reset option. If your key is compromised or lost, there is no customer support to call. In a compromise scenario, both you and the attacker can post from the account simultaneously. Neither can lock the other out, since nostr relays simply accept whatever is signed with a valid key.

The benefit? No reliance on proprietary corporate infrastructure.. The negative? Security rests entirely on how well you protect your key.

Future Nostr Security Improvements

For many users, nostr’s standard security model, storing a private key on a phone with an encrypted cloud backup, will likely be sufficient. It is simple and reasonably secure. That said, nostr’s strength lies in its flexibility as an open protocol. Users will be able to choose between a range of security models, balancing convenience and protection based on need.

One promising option is a web of trust model for key rotation. Imagine pre-selecting a group of trusted friends. If your account is compromised, these people could collectively sign an event announcing the compromise to the network and designate a new key as your legitimate one. Apps could handle this process seamlessly in the background, notifying followers of the switch without much user interaction. This could become a popular choice for average users, but it is not without tradeoffs. It requires trust in your chosen web of trust, which might not suit power users or large organizations. It also has the issue that some apps may not recognize the key rotation properly and followers might get confused about which account is “real.”

For those needing higher security, there is the option of multisig using FROST (Flexible Round-Optimized Schnorr Threshold). In this setup, multiple keys must sign off on every action, including posting and updating a profile. A hacker with just one key could not do anything. This is likely overkill for most users due to complexity and inconvenience, but it could be a game changer for large organizations, companies, and governments. Imagine the White House nostr account requiring signatures from multiple people before a post goes live, that would be much more secure than the status quo big tech model.

Another option are hardware signers, similar to bitcoin hardware wallets. Private keys are kept on secure, offline devices, separate from the internet connected phone or computer you use to broadcast events. This drastically reduces the risk of remote hacks, as private keys never touches the internet. It can be used in combination with multisig setups for extra protection. This setup is much less convenient and probably overkill for most but could be ideal for governments, companies, or other high profile accounts.

---

Nostr’s security model is not perfect but is robust and versatile. Ultimately users are in control and security is their responsibility. Apps will give users multiple options to choose from and users will choose what best fits their need.

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Just an observation that makes me chuckle.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/974829

@ 5b730fac:9e746e2a

| Channel | Push to Branch | Previous Installation Method | NIP94 Event ID Updated as Expected | New Update Installed as Expected | Test Passed | | ----------------------------------- | ----------------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | deleted config files, first install | Already installed | Manual | Yes | Yes | Yes
nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzqkmnp7kx5h36rumhjrtkxdslvqu38fyf09wv53u4hrqmvx08gm32qqxnzde5xcmnzwpnxq6rvdp59d83mz |

Before pushing update

Check state

Currently installed NIP94 event: { "id": "8e75993b2b6d28e4336bc90150e2c69db97d45f1c7db6bf3c3892cee55f45c44", "pubkey": "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a", "created_at": 1746716510, "kind": 1063, "content": "TollGate Module Package: basic for gl-mt3000", "tags": [ [ "url", "https://blossom.swissdash.site/bf6608e98a60cf977100d50aa21f720d4e369356fd9b5ca24616f9a7226bd41c.ipk" ], [ "m", "application/octet-stream" ], [ "x", "bf6608e98a60cf977100d50aa21f720d4e369356fd9b5ca24616f9a7226bd41c" ], [ "ox", "bf6608e98a60cf977100d50aa21f720d4e369356fd9b5ca24616f9a7226bd41c" ], [ "filename", "basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk" ], [ "architecture", "aarch64_cortex-a53" ], [ "version", "multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package_test-92-1157a2f" ], [ "release_channel", "dev" ] ] }

Current version picked up by opkg: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# opkg list-installed | grep "tollgate" tollgate-module-basic-go - multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-92-1157a2f

Check basic module's logic

Config.json contains the right event ID: ``` root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/config.json | jq { "tollgate_private_key": "8a45d0add1c7ddf668f9818df550edfa907ae8ea59d6581a4ca07473d468d663", "accepted_mints": [ "https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin", "https://mint2.nutmix.cash" ], "price_per_minute": 1, "bragging": { "enabled": true, "fields": [ "amount", "mint", "duration" ] }, "relays": [ "wss://relay.damus.io", "wss://nos.lol", "wss://nostr.mom", "wss://relay.tollgate.me" ], "trusted_maintainers": [ "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a" ], "fields_to_be_reviewed": [ "price_per_minute", "relays", "tollgate_private_key", "trusted_maintainers" ], "nip94_event_id": "62a39f60f5b3e3f0910adc592c0468c5c134ce321238884e9f016caad4c5231b" }

```

Install.json contains the right package path: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/install.json | jq { "package_path": "/tmp/1bfcd4d08a4bf70d2878ee4bca2d3ba7c5a839355dc0eeef30e2589aa16ccfb3.ipk", "ip_address_randomized": "192.168.3.1", "install_time": 1746715561, "download_time": 1746715507, "release_channel": "dev", "ensure_default_timestamp": 1746634883, "update_path": null }

Deactivate, delete config files and start

Deactivate & delete config files: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# service tollgate-basic stop root@OpenWrt:/tmp# service tollgate-basic status inactive root@OpenWrt:/tmp# rm /etc/tollgate/config.json /etc/tollgate/install.json root@OpenWrt:/tmp# ls /etc/tollgate/config.json /etc/tollgate/install.json ls: /etc/tollgate/config.json: No such file or directory ls: /etc/tollgate/install.json: No such file or directory

Start and check configs. Release channel is set to stable by default: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/config.json | jq { "tollgate_private_key": "8a45d0add1c7ddf668f9818df550edfa907ae8ea59d6581a4ca07473d468d663", "accepted_mints": [ "https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin", "https://mint2.nutmix.cash" ], "price_per_minute": 1, "bragging": { "enabled": true, "fields": [ "amount", "mint", "duration" ] }, "relays": [ "wss://relay.damus.io", "wss://nos.lol", "wss://nostr.mom", "wss://relay.tollgate.me" ], "trusted_maintainers": [ "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a" ], "fields_to_be_reviewed": [ "price_per_minute", "relays", "tollgate_private_key", "trusted_maintainers" ], "nip94_event_id": "unknown" } root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/install.json | jq { "package_path": "false", "ip_address_randomized": "false", "install_time": 0, "download_time": 0, "release_channel": "stable", "ensure_default_timestamp": 1746717311 }

Logs are too verbose, but otherwise fine. Skipped all events due to release channel: Thu May 8 15:15:13 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13609]: 2025/05/08 15:15:13.233356 Skipping event due to release channel mismatch Thu May 8 15:15:13 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13609]: 2025/05/08 15:15:13.235395 Skipping event due to release channel mismatch Thu May 8 15:15:13 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13609]: 2025/05/08 15:15:13.237559 Skipping event due to release channel mismatch Thu May 8 15:15:13 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13609]: 2025/05/08 15:15:13.239556 Skipping event due to release channel mismatch Thu May 8 15:15:13 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13609]: 2025/05/08 15:15:13.241685 Skipping event due to release channel mismatch Thu May 8 15:15:13 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13609]: 2025/05/08 15:15:13.259370 Skipping event due to release channel mismatch Thu May 8 15:15:13 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13609]: 2025/05/08 15:15:13.261258 Skipping event due to release channel mismatch Thu May 8 15:15:31 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13609]: Connecting to relay: wss://relay.tollgate.me Thu May 8 15:15:56 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13609]: Connecting to relay: wss://relay.tollgate.me

Stop tollgate-basic: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# service tollgate-basic stop root@OpenWrt:/tmp# service tollgate-basic status inactive

Switch to dev channel: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/install.json | jq { "package_path": "false", "ip_address_randomized": "false", "install_time": 0, "download_time": 0, "release_channel": "stable", "ensure_default_timestamp": 1746717311 } root@OpenWrt:/tmp# vi /etc/tollgate/install.json root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/install.json | jq { "package_path": "false", "ip_address_randomized": "false", "install_time": 0, "download_time": 0, "release_channel": "dev", "ensure_default_timestamp": 1746717311 }

Restart service: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# service tollgate-basic start root@OpenWrt:/tmp# service tollgate-basic status running

Logread: Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13838]: 2025/05/08 15:21:10 NIP94EventID: unknown Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13838]: 2025/05/08 15:21:10 IPAddressRandomized: false Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: TODO: include min payment (1) for https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin in future Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: TODO: include min payment (1) for https://mint2.nutmix.cash in future Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13838]: 2025/05/08 15:21:10 Janitor module initialized and listening for NIP-94 events Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13838]: 2025/05/08 15:21:10.861535 Registering handlers... Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13838]: 2025/05/08 15:21:10.861715 Starting HTTP server on all interfaces... Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13838]: 2025/05/08 15:21:10.861834 Starting to listen for NIP-94 events Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Starting Tollgate - TIP-01 Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Listening on all interfaces on port :2121 Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Starting event processing loop Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Connecting to relay: wss://nos.lol Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Connecting to relay: wss://nostr.mom Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Connecting to relay: wss://relay.tollgate.me Thu May 8 15:21:10 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Connecting to relay: wss://relay.damus.io Thu May 8 15:21:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Connected to relay: wss://nos.lol Thu May 8 15:21:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Subscription successful on relay wss://nos.lol Thu May 8 15:21:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Subscribed to NIP-94 events on relay wss://nos.lol Thu May 8 15:21:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Connected to relay: wss://nostr.mom Thu May 8 15:21:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Subscription successful on relay wss://nostr.mom Thu May 8 15:21:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Subscribed to NIP-94 events on relay wss://nostr.mom Thu May 8 15:21:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Connected to relay: wss://relay.damus.io Thu May 8 15:21:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Subscription successful on relay wss://relay.damus.io Thu May 8 15:21:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Subscribed to NIP-94 events on relay wss://relay.damus.io Thu May 8 15:21:30 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Connecting to relay: wss://relay.tollgate.me

Trigger new event: ``` c03rad0r@CobradorRomblonMimaropa:~/TG/tollgate-module-basic-go/src$ git push github Enumerating objects: 9, done. Counting objects: 100% (9/9), done. Delta compression using up to 8 threads Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done. Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 416 bytes | 416.00 KiB/s, done. Total 5 (delta 4), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (4/4), completed with 4 local objects. To https://github.com/OpenTollGate/tollgate-module-basic-go.git 1157a2f..e775bce multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package -> multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package

{ "id": "c73756a13f0ca270510d4301c1dbf433989974c33262fd3cd07627eacc3d6481", "pubkey": "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a", "created_at": 1746718037, "kind": 1063, "content": "TollGate Module Package: basic for gl-mt3000", "tags": [ [ "url", "https://blossom.swissdash.site/cffba9d8b8bc9e1c59c97fdf238a47bdb8d6ad3003e4ae8b6cf50ca301f13078.ipk" ], [ "m", "application/octet-stream" ], [ "x", "cffba9d8b8bc9e1c59c97fdf238a47bdb8d6ad3003e4ae8b6cf50ca301f13078" ], [ "ox", "cffba9d8b8bc9e1c59c97fdf238a47bdb8d6ad3003e4ae8b6cf50ca301f13078" ], [ "filename", "basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk" ], [ "architecture", "aarch64_cortex-a53" ], [ "version", "multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-93-e775bce" ], [ "release_channel", "dev" ] ] } ```

New event caught, updated and restarted: Thu May 8 15:27:19 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Started the timer Thu May 8 15:27:19 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Intersection: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-93-e775bce] Thu May 8 15:27:19 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Right Time Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-93-e775bce] Thu May 8 15:27:19 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Right Arch Keys count: 61 Thu May 8 15:27:19 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Right Version Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-93-e775bce] Thu May 8 15:27:29 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13838]: 2025/05/08 15:27:29.928620 Timeout reached, checking for new versions Thu May 8 15:27:29 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Sorted Qualifying Events Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-93-e775bce] Thu May 8 15:27:29 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Newer package version available: multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-93-e775bce Thu May 8 15:27:29 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Downloading package from https://blossom.swissdash.site/cffba9d8b8bc9e1c59c97fdf238a47bdb8d6ad3003e4ae8b6cf50ca301f13078.ipk to /tmp/cffba9d8b8bc9e1c59c97fdf238a47bdb8d6ad3003e4ae8b6cf50ca301f13078.ipk Thu May 8 15:27:34 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Package downloaded successfully to /tmp/ Thu May 8 15:27:34 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: New package version is ready to be installed by cronjob Thu May 8 15:27:34 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13838]: 2025/05/08 15:27:34.073022 Verifying package checksum Thu May 8 15:27:34 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[13838]: 2025/05/08 15:27:34.082504 Package checksum verified successfully Thu May 8 15:27:55 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[13838]: Connecting to relay: wss://relay.tollgate.me Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[14419]: 2025/05/08 15:28:07 NIP94EventID: c73756a13f0ca270510d4301c1dbf433989974c33262fd3cd07627eacc3d6481 Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[14419]: 2025/05/08 15:28:07 IPAddressRandomized: 10.156.11.1 Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[14419]: TODO: include min payment (1) for https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin in future Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[14419]: TODO: include min payment (1) for https://mint2.nutmix.cash in future Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[14419]: Starting Tollgate - TIP-01 Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[14419]: Listening on all interfaces on port :2121 Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[14419]: 2025/05/08 15:28:07 Janitor module initialized and listening for NIP-94 events Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[14419]: 2025/05/08 15:28:07.915222 Registering handlers... Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[14419]: 2025/05/08 15:28:07.915366 Starting HTTP server on all interfaces... Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[14419]: 2025/05/08 15:28:07.917009 Starting to listen for NIP-94 events Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[14419]: Starting event processing loop Thu May 8 15:28:07 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[14419]: Connecting to relay: wss://relay.damus.io

New config files with new IP address root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/tollgate/config.json | jq { "tollgate_private_key": "8a45d0add1c7ddf668f9818df550edfa907ae8ea59d6581a4ca07473d468d663", "accepted_mints": [ "https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin", "https://mint2.nutmix.cash" ], "price_per_minute": 1, "bragging": { "enabled": true, "fields": [ "amount", "mint", "duration" ] }, "relays": [ "wss://relay.damus.io", "wss://nos.lol", "wss://nostr.mom", "wss://relay.tollgate.me" ], "trusted_maintainers": [ "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a" ], "fields_to_be_reviewed": [ "price_per_minute", "relays", "tollgate_private_key", "trusted_maintainers" ], "nip94_event_id": "c73756a13f0ca270510d4301c1dbf433989974c33262fd3cd07627eacc3d6481" } root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/tollgate/install.json | jq { "package_path": "/tmp/cffba9d8b8bc9e1c59c97fdf238a47bdb8d6ad3003e4ae8b6cf50ca301f13078.ipk", "ip_address_randomized": "10.156.11.1", "install_time": 1746718081, "download_time": 1746718054, "release_channel": "dev", "ensure_default_timestamp": 1746717311, "update_path": null }

@ f1989a96:bcaaf2c1

Good morning, readers!

This week, we bring reports from Bangladesh, where the interim government instructed the central bank to halt the printing of old banknotes featuring Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding president of Bangladesh. This has induced a currency shortage, as new notes have yet to be issued to replace the discontinued ones. As a result, Bangladeshis find themselves holding worthless currency, facing increased costs, and feeling frustrated over such poor currency management. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, citizens are fleeing to gold as the local rupiah currency crashes to record lows amid increasing financial controls from the government.

In open-source news, LNbits, a Bitcoin and Lightning wallet management software, emerged from beta with its v1.0.0 release. LNbits works like a control panel on top of a Bitcoin wallet, letting users divide funds into separate accounts and use different features and functionalities. It is a handy tool for educators, civil society organizations, and communities who want to use Bitcoin for real-world transactions without needing advanced technical skills. We also spotlight a new tool called following .space that allows users to curate and share premade follow packs for nostr. The result is a more straightforward onboarding process for new users interested in censorship-resistant social media and the ability to curate feeds to better suit their interests.

We end with an interview with HRF Chief Strategy Officer Alex Gladstein, who explores his thinking behind the relationship between Bitcoin and human rights as we enter an age of increased corporate and nation-state adoption. He highlights the paradox where Bitcoin, a tool for individual financial freedom, is being adopted by institutions around the world, many of which regularly seek greater control over financial activity. We also include a new report from Bitcoin developer and past HRF grantee, b10c, who documents the current state of Bitcoin mining centralization and the threat it poses to decentralization and censorship resistance.

Now, let’s jump right in!

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GLOBAL NEWS

Bangladesh | Currency Shortage as Central Bank Halts Printing of Banknotes

A state-induced cash crunch is paralyzing Bangladesh after the interim government, led by Muhammad Yunus, ordered the central bank to discontinue old banknotes featuring Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding president of Bangladesh. New cash is expected to be printed in phases beginning in May. But Bangladeshis report they are currently stuck with old and unusable currency, as the national mint has yet to issue replacement currency and lacks the capacity to print more than three notes at a time. Meanwhile, public ATMs continue to dispense old and worn-out banknotes, with merchants reluctantly accepting them and banks refusing to exchange them. Through all this, the central bank of Bangladesh sits on nearly 15,000 crore taka ($1.28 billion) worth of old notes in vaults, but the interim government has refused to release them, deepening public frustration.

Nigeria | Regulates Bitcoin as a Security

Nigerian lawmakers are moving to regulate digital assets as securities by passing the Investment and Securities Act (ISA) 2025. Rather than embrace it as a tool for financial freedom, the law places Bitcoin under the purview of the Nigerian Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies must now register with the Nigerian SEC, implement more strict data-collection processes (to harvest personal information), and navigate a legal framework not designed for a borderless and permissionless technology like Bitcoin. The law further grants the SEC access to data from telecom and Internet providers to investigate “illegal market activity” — a provision that could easily be abused to surveil or intimidate Bitcoin users and developers. Nigeria routinely uses regulations to stifle the presence of open-source money, raising compliance hurdles, imposing taxes, and punishing digital asset companies. It’s not unreasonable to suspect this new classification could provide the state with a means to suppress the free adoption and innovation of Bitcoin.

Indonesia | Gold Rush Amid Economic Uncertainty

As the rupiah currency falls to record lows, Indonesians are flocking to gold in a rush to protect their savings. But gold isn’t the only safe haven. With 74% of Indonesia’s population unbanked or underbanked, digital tools like Bitcoin offer a more accessible alternative, especially when nearly 70% of Indonesians have Internet access. The Indonesian government is also tightening capital controls. A new policy forces exporters to keep all foreign currency earnings inside the country for a full year to trap dollars in the financial system. HRF grantee Bitcoin Indonesia is responding by helping people in the region (especially in nearby states like Burma) build financial resilience through meetups, workshops, and training focused on Bitcoin custody, privacy, and adoption. In an area where financial services remain out of reach for millions, learning how to save and transact permissionlessly is paramount.

Kenya | Introduces Legal Framework for Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs)

Kenya’s government introduced a comprehensive legal framework to regulate Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) through its newly proposed 2025 VASP Bill. The legislation outlines strict licensing requirements for digital asset exchanges, wallet providers, brokers, and other digital asset firms. It functionally bars individuals from operating independently (think: open-source freedom tech builders) by mandating local incorporation, compliance with cybersecurity standards, and approval from financial regulators. This appears to be an attempt to formalize and better control the rapidly growing digital asset space. It could stifle grassroots innovation and limit access to financial tools that have become vital for activists and citizens seeking privacy and autonomy as economic policies and high inflation drive unrest.

El Salvador | Attorney General’s Office Preparing Arrest Warrants for Independent Journalists

El Faro, one of El Salvador’s most prominent investigative news outlets, shared reliable information that the Salvadoran Attorney General’s Office is preparing arrest warrants against three of its journalists. The warning came from El Faro director Carlos Dada, who suggests that the charges may include “apology for crimes” and “illicit association.” The alleged charges allegedly stem from El Faro’s latest reporting: a three-part video interview with former leaders of the 18th Street Revolucionarios gang that sheds light on Bukele’s “years-long relationship” with Salvadoran gangs. El Faro editor-in-chief Óscar Martínez said that any arrests or home raids following this news would be “for having done journalism.” With El Salvador’s shrinking civic space, this potential action against independent media would further restrict Salvadorans’ ability to access independent information and hold officials accountable.

BITCOIN AND FREEDOM TECH NEWS

LNbits | Emerges from Beta with v1.0.0 Release

LNbits, an open-source software tool that lets people create and manage Bitcoin Lightning wallets securely for themselves and for others, officially launched version 1.0.0, marking its transition out of beta and into a more stable release for public use. It works like a control panel sitting on top of a Bitcoin wallet, letting users divide funds into separate accounts and use different features and functionalities. LNbits is especially useful for educators, small businesses, and community organizers who want to use and manage Bitcoin for payments and savings. HRF is pleased to see this Bitcoin Development Fund (BDF) grantee strengthen the tools available to activists to achieve financial freedom in the face of censorship, surveillance, or inflation.

SeedSigner | Self-Custody Tool for Chinese Bitcoiners Facing Local Corruption

Chinese Bitcoin users are turning to SeedSigner, an open-source and fully customizable Bitcoin hardware wallet, as a more private way to protect their savings from law enforcement corruption. While many assume the primary threat to Bitcoin in China comes from top-down management and enforcement from the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), new reports suggest greater concern over the police, who regularly monitor mail, detect hardware wallet purchases, and fabricate charges to extort Chinese users’ Bitcoin. SeedSigner solves this by allowing users to assemble a secure signing device from generic, inexpensive parts, avoiding the risk of shipping a branded wallet that might flag them as a target. When privacy violations begin at the local level, SeedSigner can help citizens safeguard their financial freedom by making secure self-custody discreet, accessible, and affordable.

Following .space | Create and Share Follow Packs on Nostr

Following.space is a new tool for nostr that solves one of the protocol’s biggest pain points: finding people worth following in the absence of an algorithm. Created by developer and HRF grantee Calle, the tool lets anyone build and share curated “follow packs” — pre-made lists of nostr users that can be easily distributed across the web. The lists are customizable and can be made based on shared interests, communities, organizations, regions, and more. This makes onboarding new users easier and allows users to curate their feeds to suit their interests. The result is a simple but powerful tool that helps nostr scale more organically by encouraging natural discovery. Enabling free expression and connections without reliance on centralized platforms strengthens human rights and financial freedom in repressive environments. Try it here.

256 Foundation | Releases Ember One Source Code

The 256 Foundation, an open-source Bitcoin mining initiative, released the source code of its new Ember One Bitcoin mining hashboard to the public. A Bitcoin hashboard is a device with multiple chips for performing Bitcoin mining computations. The open-source Ember One only consumes 100 Watts of total power and is modular by design, allowing user customization and the ability to mine discreetly even under autocratic regimes. This is important because it gives individuals a way to access and earn Bitcoin without drawing the attention of officials. For dissidents, mining at home means gaining more control over how they earn, spend, and store their money, all without relying on centralized systems at the whims of dictators.

Btrust and Africa Free Routing | Announce Partnership to Advance African Bitcoin Development

Btrust, a nonprofit advancing Bitcoin development in Africa, awarded a grant to Africa Free Routing, a program within African Bitcoiners, to support five Bitcoin Lightning-focused developer boot camps across the continent in 2025. These bootcamps aim to onboard non-Bitcoin developers into the Bitcoin ecosystem, offering hands-on training, mentorship, and opportunities to contribute to open-source projects. This work strengthens the foundations of freedom tech in Africa, providing tools that allow people to resist financial repression under tyranny. Learn more about the partnership here.

Presidio Bitcoin | Hosting First Hackathon

Presidio Bitcoin, the Bay Area’s first dedicated freedom tech co-working and events space, just announced its first-ever hackathon, which will take place from May 16-17, 2025. This 24-hour hackathon in San Francisco brings together developers and technologists to build and collaborate at the frontier of Bitcoin, AI, and open-source technology. In addition to the hackathon, Presidio is launching a new program offering free three-month access to its workspace for Bitcoin open-source contributors. This is a valuable opportunity to connect with fellow developers, startup founders, and freedom tech advocates in the area. HRF is proud to sponsor this hackathon and is looking forward to how the outcomes might help create better freedom tools for dissidents worldwide. Learn more about the event here.

RECOMMENDED CONTENT

Bitcoin Nation State Adoption Paradox - Interview with Alex Gladstein

In a recent episode of the Bitcoin Fundamentals podcast, hosted by Preston Pysh, Alex Gladstein, HRF’s chief strategy officer, discusses the complexities of Bitcoin’s new era of adoption. He highlights the paradox where Bitcoin, a tool for individual financial freedom, is being adopted by governments, which some believe to be potentially compromising to its core principles. He emphasizes that while governments may adopt it for strategic or economic reasons, in doing so, they expose their populations to a technology that will ultimately weaken state control over money and advance individual liberty and human rights. Watch the full interview here.

Bitcoin Mining Centralization by b10c

In this report, Bitcoin developer and past HRF grantee b10c documents the growing trend of centralization in Bitcoin mining pools. It shows that over 95% of blocks are now mined by just six Bitcoin mining pools, with Foundry and AntPool controlling roughly 60–70% of the hashrate (the computing power dedicated to the Bitcoin network). This marks a rise in mining pool centralization in recent years. While this hasn’t harmed Bitcoin’s censorship resistance yet, it reduces the number of block template producers. This concentration of template producers poses a potential risk to Bitcoin’s neutrality, which is essential for ensuring access to uncensorable money and protecting human rights in autocratic regimes. HRF has happily supported both Hashpool and Public Pool with recent grants to support smaller, independent pools that help preserve Bitcoin's decentralization. Read the full report here.

If this article was forwarded to you and you enjoyed reading it, please consider subscribing to the Financial Freedom Report here.

Support the newsletter by donating bitcoin to HRF’s Financial Freedom program via BTCPay.\ Want to contribute to the newsletter? Submit tips, stories, news, and ideas by emailing us at ffreport @ hrf.org

The Bitcoin Development Fund (BDF) is accepting grant proposals on an ongoing basis. The Bitcoin Development Fund is looking to support Bitcoin developers, community builders, and educators. Submit proposals here.

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@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

Bitcoin has always been rooted in freedom and resistance to authority. I get that many of you are conflicted about the US Government stacking but by design we cannot stop anyone from using bitcoin. Many have asked me for my thoughts on the matter, so let’s rip it.

Concern

One of the most glaring issues with the strategic bitcoin reserve is its foundation, built on stolen bitcoin. For those of us who value private property this is an obvious betrayal of our core principles. Rather than proof of work, the bitcoin that seeds this reserve has been taken by force. The US Government should return the bitcoin stolen from Bitfinex and the Silk Road.

Usually stolen bitcoin for the reserve creates a perverse incentive. If governments see a bitcoin as a valuable asset, they will ramp up efforts to confiscate more bitcoin. The precedent is a major concern, and I stand strongly against it, but it should be also noted that governments were already seizing coin before the reserve so this is not really a change in policy.

Ideally all seized bitcoin should be burned, by law. This would align incentives properly and make it less likely for the government to actively increase coin seizures. Due to the truly scarce properties of bitcoin, all burned bitcoin helps existing holders through increased purchasing power regardless. This change would be unlikely but those of us in policy circles should push for it regardless. It would be best case scenario for American bitcoiners and would create a strong foundation for the next century of American leadership.

Optimism

The entire point of bitcoin is that we can spend or save it without permission. That said, it is a massive benefit to not have one of the strongest governments in human history actively trying to ruin our lives.

Since the beginning, bitcoiners have faced horrible regulatory trends. KYC, surveillance, and legal cases have made using bitcoin and building bitcoin businesses incredibly difficult. It is incredibly important to note that over the past year that trend has reversed for the first time in a decade. A strategic bitcoin reserve is a key driver of this shift. By holding bitcoin, the strongest government in the world has signaled that it is not just a fringe technology but rather truly valuable, legitimate, and worth stacking.

This alignment of incentives changes everything. The US Government stacking proves bitcoin’s worth. The resulting purchasing power appreciation helps all of us who are holding coin and as bitcoin succeeds our government receives direct benefit. A beautiful positive feedback loop.

Realism

We are trending in the right direction. A strategic bitcoin reserve is a sign that the state sees bitcoin as an asset worth embracing rather than destroying. That said, there is a lot of work left to be done. We cannot be lulled into complacency, the time to push forward is now, and we cannot take our foot off the gas. We have a seat at the table for the first time ever. Let's make it worth it.

We must protect the right to free usage of bitcoin and other digital technologies. Freedom in the digital age must be taken and defended, through both technical and political avenues. Multiple privacy focused developers are facing long jail sentences for building tools that protect our freedom. These cases are not just legal battles. They are attacks on the soul of bitcoin. We need to rally behind them, fight for their freedom, and ensure the ethos of bitcoin survives this new era of government interest. The strategic reserve is a step in the right direction, but it is up to us to hold the line and shape the future.

@ 611021ea:089a7d0f

This is the 2nd article I've written regarding my thoughts around the nostr health and fitness ecosystem and how something like NIP101h could play a part in enabling an ecosystem of highly specialized apps benefiting from nostr inherent interoperability. I've posted the last article on Wikistr and have continued experimenting with the NIP in a couple of clients. Recently I've been focused on extending the NIP to include calories and workout intensity.

Caloric Data

Let's talk about calories for a minute. Seems simple, right? You burn some, you consume some. But as I started implementing kind 1357 for caloric data, I quickly realized this was too simplistic.

The reality is tracking calories burned through a 10K run is fundamentally different from logging the calories in your morning avocado toast. Different contexts, different metadata, different user flows. Trying to cram both into one kind felt like forcing a square peg through a round hole.

So I split them: - Kind 1357: Calories expended (your run, your workout, even just existing) - Kind 2357: Calories consumed (your meals, snacks, that beer you "forgot" to log)

This wasn't just a technical decision. It reflects how people actually think about and track their health. Nobody mentally lumps "I burned 350 calories on my run" with "I ate a 650 calorie lunch" as the same type of data point. They're related but distinct.

Workout Intensity

Speaking of workouts, RUNSTR has been sending workout data for a while now, but workout intensity (kind 1356) is something I've been particularly excited about.

Why? Because intensity is the secret sauce that makes fitness data meaningful. Two people can run the same distance, but one might be casually jogging while catching up on podcasts, and another might be doing high-intensity intervals that leave them gasping for air.

Same distance, totally different physiological impacts.

Intensity gives context to duration. It turns "I worked out for 45 minutes" into a meaningful metric about how hard you pushed. And this isn't just for the fitness obsessed—it's essential for things like heart rate zone training, progressive overload, and recovery monitoring.

The Bigger Vision: Why I'm Building This

I'm not building NIP-101h because I think the world needs another fitness standard. God knows there are plenty already. I'm building it because I believe health data belongs to people, not platforms.

Right now, your Apple Health data lives in Apple's ecosystem. Your Fitbit data lives in Fitbit's walled garden. Your Strava data? Yep, siloed there too. These companies have built incredible products, but they've also created digital gulags.

Nostr gives us a chance to flip the script. What if your health data lived on the internet rather than the platform? What if you could: - Track your runs in RUNSTR - Encrypt sensitive data - Store data in relays or blossom servers - Use the data across an open ecosystem of interoperable apps

...all without asking permission from some corporate overlord?

That's pretty much the vision. I've also spun up HealthNote Relay to support some of the new NIPs and Kinds while I continue to flesh out NIP-101h.

The Power of Specialization

One thing I've realized is that the real magic happens when we get specific. A diabetes management app needs different data structures than a strength training app. But they both benefit from a common language for the overlap.

So I'm intentionally designing the NIP-101h series as a collection of highly specialized kinds rather than a monolithic standard. This lets developers pick and choose exactly what they need, while still ensuring interoperability where it matters.

Take our calorie example—by splitting into two kinds, we allow for specialized nutrition tracking apps that might never care about workout calories, while still ensuring they can talk to fitness apps when needed.

What's Coming Next

I've got a growing list of kinds I want to tackle: - Sleep data (duration, quality, phases) - Strength training specifics (sets, reps, weight) - Hydration tracking - Mental health metrics

But I'm equally excited to see what others build. Maybe someone will create specialized kinds for pregnancy tracking, or chronic illness management, or physical therapy progress.

That's the beauty of this approach—I don't need to anticipate every use case. The framework lets the community evolve it organically.

Join the Health Data Revolution

If you're a developer interested in health and fitness on Nostr, I'd love to hear from you. What kinds would help your use case? What are you building? What am I missing?

And if you're just a Nostr user who cares about your health data, check out RUNSTR (Alpha) or Npub.health (super alpha) to see what we're building.

You can find information the specification here NIP 101h.

See you in volume three, where I'll dig into NIP101h format details and share what I've learned from the early experiments.

Lets Go!

@ 2b1964b8:851949fa

Routine Picture-in-Picture American Sign Language Interpretation in American Broadcasting

(PiP, ASL)

Picture-in-picture sign language interpretation is a standard feature in news broadcasts across the globe. Why hasn’t America become a leader in picture-in-picture implementation too?

Misconception.

There are prevalent misunderstandings about the necessity of ASL interpreters in the media and beyond. As recently as January 2025, an American influencer with ~10M social followers on Instagram and X combined, referred to sign language interpreters during emergency briefings as a distraction.

Such views overlook the fact that, for many deaf individuals, American Sign Language is their primary language. It is wrongly assumed that deaf Americans know—or should know—English. American Sign Language differs in grammatical structure from English. Moreover, human interpreters are able to convey nuances that captions often miss, such as non-manual markers; facial expressions, body movements, head positions utilized in sign language to convey meaning. English is the native language for many hearing Americans, who have access to it throughout the United States without any additional expectation placed upon them.

A deeper understanding reveals that many nations have their own unique signed languages, reflecting their local deaf culture and community — Brazilian Sign Language, British Sign Language, Finnish Sign Language, French Sign Language, Japanese Sign Language, Mexican Sign Language, Nigerian Sign Language, and South African Sign Language, among numerous others.

Bottom Line: American Sign Language is the native language for many American-born deaf individuals, and English is the native language for many American-born hearing individuals. It is a one-for-one relationship; both are equal.

In an era where information dissemination is instantaneous, ensuring that mainstream broadcasts are accessible to all citizens is paramount.

Public Figures Including Language Access In Their Riders

What's a rider? A rider is an addendum or supplemental clause added to a contract that expands or adjusts the contract's terms. Riders are commonly used in agreements for public figures to specify additional requirements such as personal preferences or technical needs.

A Simple Yet Powerful Action

Public figures have a unique ability to shape industry standards, and by including language access in their riders, they can make a profound impact with minimal effort. * On-site American Sign Language interpretation ensures that deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals can fully engage with speeches and live events. * Open captions (burned-in captions) for all live and post-production interview segments guarantee accessibility across platforms, making spoken content instantly available to a wider audience. These implements don’t just benefit deaf constitutents—they also support language learners, individuals in sound-sensitive environments and any person who relies on, or simply refers, visual reinforcement to engage with spoken content.

For public figures, adding these 2 requests to a rider is one of the most efficient and immediate ways to promote accessibility. By normalizing language access as a standard expectation, you encourage event organizers, broadcasters, and production teams to adopt these practices universally.

As a result, there will be an industry shift from accessibility as an occasional accommodation to an industry norm, ensuring that future events, interviews, and media content are more accessible for all. Beyond immediate accessibility, the regular presence of interpreters in public spaces increases awareness of sign language. Seeing interpreters in mainstream media can spark interest among both deaf and hearing children to pursue careers in interpretation, expanding future language access and representation.

Year-Round Commitment to Accessibility

Too often, language access is only considered when an immediate demand arises, which leads to rushed or inadequate solutions. While some events may include interpretation or captioning, these efforts can fall short when they lack the expertise and coordination necessary for true disability justice. Thoughtful, proactive planning ensures that language access is seamlessly integrated into events, rather than being a reactive measure.

Best practices happen when all key players are involved from the start: * Accessibility leads with combined production and linguistic knowledge who can ensure accessibility remains central to the purpose rather than allowing themselves to be caught up in the spectacle of an event. * Language experts who ensure accuracy and cultural competency.
* Production professionals who understand event logistics.

By prioritizing accessibility year-round, organizations create spaces where disability justice is not just accommodated, but expected—ensuring that every audience member, regardless of language needs, has access to information and engagement.

@ 5b730fac:9e746e2a

| Channel | Push to Branch | Previous Installation Method | NIP94 Event ID Updated as Expected | New Update Installed as Expected | Test Passed | | ------- | ----------------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | dev | Already Installed | Automatic | Yes | Yes | Yes
nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzqkmnp7kx5h36rumhjrtkxdslvqu38fyf09wv53u4hrqmvx08gm32qqxnzde5xcmnzdfex5unzvfcfywh0x |

Before pushing update

Check state

Currently installed NIP94 event: { "id": "51ca573636243df455333e83d5b456b4bcefd939c8160c5737545abcdc95dfd9", "pubkey": "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a", "created_at": 1746714091, "kind": 1063, "tags": [ [ "url", "https://blossom.swissdash.site/75990a3f245069a56c02c6e24dc312ecc6ff1f0df632fb99ddb247c98a745a5b.ipk" ], [ "m", "application/octet-stream" ], [ "x", "75990a3f245069a56c02c6e24dc312ecc6ff1f0df632fb99ddb247c98a745a5b" ], [ "ox", "75990a3f245069a56c02c6e24dc312ecc6ff1f0df632fb99ddb247c98a745a5b" ], [ "filename", "basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk" ], [ "architecture", "aarch64_cortex-a53" ], [ "version", "multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-91-ca43710" ], [ "release_channel", "dev" ] ], "content": "TollGate Module Package: basic for gl-mt3000" }

Current version picked up by opkg: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/config.json | jq { root@OpenWrt:/tmp# opkg list-installed | grep "tollgate" tollgate-module-basic-go - multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-91-ca43710

Check basic module's logic

Config.json contains the right event ID: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/config.json | jq { "tollgate_private_key": "8a45d0add1c7ddf668f9818df550edfa907ae8ea59d6581a4ca07473d468d663", "accepted_mints": [ "https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin", "https://mint2.nutmix.cash" ], "price_per_minute": 1, "bragging": { "enabled": true, "fields": [ "amount", "mint", "duration" ] }, "relays": [ "wss://relay.damus.io", "wss://nos.lol", "wss://nostr.mom", "wss://relay.tollgate.me" ], "trusted_maintainers": [ "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a" ], "fields_to_be_reviewed": [ "price_per_minute", "relays", "tollgate_private_key", "trusted_maintainers" ], "nip94_event_id": "51ca573636243df455333e83d5b456b4bcefd939c8160c5737545abcdc95dfd9" }

Install.json contains the right package path: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/install.json | jq { "package_path": "/tmp/75990a3f245069a56c02c6e24dc312ecc6ff1f0df632fb99ddb247c98a745a5b.ipk", "ip_address_randomized": "192.168.3.1", "install_time": 1746714121, "download_time": 1746714105, "release_channel": "dev", "ensure_default_timestamp": 1746634883, "update_path": null }

Update package manually

Trigger new event announcement on this branch

New NIP94 event on this branch { "id": "62a39f60f5b3e3f0910adc592c0468c5c134ce321238884e9f016caad4c5231b", "pubkey": "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a", "created_at": 1746715485, "kind": 1063, "content": "TollGate Module Package: basic for gl-mt3000", "tags": [ [ "url", "https://blossom.swissdash.site/1bfcd4d08a4bf70d2878ee4bca2d3ba7c5a839355dc0eeef30e2589aa16ccfb3.ipk" ], [ "m", "application/octet-stream" ], [ "x", "1bfcd4d08a4bf70d2878ee4bca2d3ba7c5a839355dc0eeef30e2589aa16ccfb3" ], [ "ox", "1bfcd4d08a4bf70d2878ee4bca2d3ba7c5a839355dc0eeef30e2589aa16ccfb3" ], [ "filename", "basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk" ], [ "architecture", "aarch64_cortex-a53" ], [ "version", "multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-92-1157a2f" ], [ "release_channel", "dev" ] ] }

The new version was updated automatically despite internet gateway interruption: ``` Thu May 8 14:44:51 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Subscription successful on relay wss://relay.damus.io Thu May 8 14:44:51 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Subscribed to NIP-94 events on relay wss://relay.damus.io Thu May 8 14:44:54 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Started the timer Thu May 8 14:44:54 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Intersection: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-92-1157a2f] Thu May 8 14:44:54 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Right Time Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-92-1157a2f] Thu May 8 14:44:54 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Right Arch Keys count: 59 Thu May 8 14:44:54 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Right Version Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-92-1157a2f] Thu May 8 14:45:05 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[10154]: 2025/05/08 14:45:05.228500 Timeout reached, checking for new versions Thu May 8 14:45:05 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Sorted Qualifying Events Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-92-1157a2f] Thu May 8 14:45:05 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Newer package version available: multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-92-1157a2f Thu May 8 14:45:05 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Downloading package from https://blossom.swissdash.site/1bfcd4d08a4bf70d2878ee4bca2d3ba7c5a839355dc0eeef30e2589aa16ccfb3.ipk to /tmp/1bfcd4d08a4bf70d2878ee4bca2d3ba7c5a839355dc0eeef30e2589aa16ccfb3.ipk Thu May 8 14:45:07 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Package downloaded successfully to /tmp/ Thu May 8 14:45:07 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: New package version is ready to be installed by cronjob Thu May 8 14:45:07 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[10154]: 2025/05/08 14:45:07.693753 Verifying package checksum Thu May 8 14:45:07 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[10154]: 2025/05/08 14:45:07.703697 Package checksum verified successfully Thu May 8 14:45:10 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Started the timer Thu May 8 14:45:22 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Connecting to relay: wss://relay.tollgate.me Thu May 8 14:45:23 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[10154]: 2025/05/08 14:45:23.453098 Timeout reached, checking for new versions Thu May 8 14:45:23 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Sorted Qualifying Events Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-92-1157a2f] Thu May 8 14:45:23 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Newer package version available: multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-92-1157a2f Thu May 8 14:45:23 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[10154]: 2025/05/08 14:45:23.461627 Verifying package checksum Thu May 8 14:45:23 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[10154]: 2025/05/08 14:45:23.471684 Package checksum verified successfully Thu May 8 14:45:23 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[10154]: 2025/05/08 14:45:23.471744 Verifying package checksum Thu May 8 14:45:23 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Package /tmp/1bfcd4d08a4bf70d2878ee4bca2d3ba7c5a839355dc0eeef30e2589aa16ccfb3.ipk already exists with correct checksum, skipping download Thu May 8 14:45:23 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[10154]: 2025/05/08 14:45:23.481076 Package checksum verified successfully Thu May 8 14:45:47 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[10154]: 2025/05/08 14:45:47.810824 Relay wss://nos.lol disconnected, attempting to reconnect Thu May 8 14:45:47 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Connecting to relay: wss://nos.lol Thu May 8 14:45:47 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[10154]: Connected to relay: wss://nos.lol

```

New version picked up by opkg: ``` root@OpenWrt:/tmp# opkg list-installed | grep "tollgate" tollgate-module-basic-go - multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-92-1157a2f

```

tollgate-basic is running again: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# service tollgate-basic status running

Event id in config is fine: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/config.json | jq { "tollgate_private_key": "8a45d0add1c7ddf668f9818df550edfa907ae8ea59d6581a4ca07473d468d663", "accepted_mints": [ "https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin", "https://mint2.nutmix.cash" ], "price_per_minute": 1, "bragging": { "enabled": true, "fields": [ "amount", "mint", "duration" ] }, "relays": [ "wss://relay.damus.io", "wss://nos.lol", "wss://nostr.mom", "wss://relay.tollgate.me" ], "trusted_maintainers": [ "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a" ], "fields_to_be_reviewed": [ "price_per_minute", "relays", "tollgate_private_key", "trusted_maintainers" ], "nip94_event_id": "62a39f60f5b3e3f0910adc592c0468c5c134ce321238884e9f016caad4c5231b" }

install.json is fine: ``` root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/install.json | jq { "package_path": "/tmp/1bfcd4d08a4bf70d2878ee4bca2d3ba7c5a839355dc0eeef30e2589aa16ccfb3.ipk", "ip_address_randomized": "192.168.3.1", "install_time": 1746715561, "download_time": 1746715507, "release_channel": "dev", "ensure_default_timestamp": 1746634883, "update_path": null }

```

@ 97c70a44:ad98e322

There was a slight dust up recently over a website someone runs removing a listing for an app someone built based on entirely arbitrary criteria. I'm not to going to attempt to speak for either wounded party, but I would like to share my own personal definition for what constitutes a "nostr app" in an effort to help clarify what might be an otherwise confusing and opaque purity test.

In this post, I will be committing the "no true Scotsman" fallacy, in which I start with the most liberal definition I can come up with, and gradually refine it until all that is left is the purest, gleamingest, most imaginary and unattainable nostr app imaginable. As I write this, I wonder if anything built yet will actually qualify. In any case, here we go.

It uses nostr

The lowest bar for what a "nostr app" might be is an app ("application" - i.e. software, not necessarily a native app of any kind) that has some nostr-specific code in it, but which doesn't take any advantage of what makes nostr distinctive as a protocol.

Examples might include a scraper of some kind which fulfills its charter by fetching data from relays (regardless of whether it validates or retains signatures). Another might be a regular web 2.0 app which provides an option to "log in with nostr" by requesting and storing the user's public key.

In either case, the fact that nostr is involved is entirely neutral. A scraper can scrape html, pdfs, jsonl, whatever data source - nostr relays are just another target. Likewise, a user's key in this scenario is treated merely as an opaque identifier, with no appreciation for the super powers it brings along.

In most cases, this kind of app only exists as a marketing ploy, or less cynically, because it wants to get in on the hype of being a "nostr app", without the developer quite understanding what that means, or having the budget to execute properly on the claim.

It leverages nostr

Some of you might be wondering, "isn't 'leverage' a synonym for 'use'?" And you would be right, but for one connotative difference. It's possible to "use" something improperly, but by definition leverage gives you a mechanical advantage that you wouldn't otherwise have. This is the second category of "nostr app".

This kind of app gets some benefit out of the nostr protocol and network, but in an entirely selfish fashion. The intention of this kind of app is not to augment the nostr network, but to augment its own UX by borrowing some nifty thing from the protocol without really contributing anything back.

Some examples might include:

• Using nostr signers to encrypt or sign data, and then store that data on a proprietary server.
• Using nostr relays as a kind of low-code backend, but using proprietary event payloads.
• Using nostr event kinds to represent data (why), but not leveraging the trustlessness that buys you.

An application in this category might even communicate to its users via nostr DMs - but this doesn't make it a "nostr app" any more than a website that emails you hot deals on herbal supplements is an "email app". These apps are purely parasitic on the nostr ecosystem.

In the long-term, that's not necessarily a bad thing. Email's ubiquity is self-reinforcing. But in the short term, this kind of "nostr app" can actually do damage to nostr's reputation by over-promising and under-delivering.

It complements nostr

Next up, we have apps that get some benefit out of nostr as above, but give back by providing a unique value proposition to nostr users as nostr users. This is a bit of a fine distinction, but for me this category is for apps which focus on solving problems that nostr isn't good at solving, leaving the nostr integration in a secondary or supporting role.

One example of this kind of app was Mutiny (RIP), which not only allowed users to sign in with nostr, but also pulled those users' social graphs so that users could send money to people they knew and trusted. Mutiny was doing a great job of leveraging nostr, as well as providing value to users with nostr identities - but it was still primarily a bitcoin wallet, not a "nostr app" in the purest sense.

Other examples are things like Nostr Nests and Zap.stream, whose core value proposition is streaming video or audio content. Both make great use of nostr identities, data formats, and relays, but they're primarily streaming apps. A good litmus test for things like this is: if you got rid of nostr, would it be the same product (even if inferior in certain ways)?

A similar category is infrastructure providers that benefit nostr by their existence (and may in fact be targeted explicitly at nostr users), but do things in a centralized, old-web way; for example: media hosts, DNS registrars, hosting providers, and CDNs.

To be clear here, I'm not casting aspersions (I don't even know what those are, or where to buy them). All the apps mentioned above use nostr to great effect, and are a real benefit to nostr users. But they are not True Scotsmen.

It embodies nostr

Ok, here we go. This is the crème de la crème, the top du top, the meilleur du meilleur, the bee's knees. The purest, holiest, most chaste category of nostr app out there. The apps which are, indeed, nostr indigitate.

This category of nostr app (see, no quotes this time) can be defined by the converse of the previous category. If nostr was removed from this type of application, would it be impossible to create the same product?

To tease this apart a bit, apps that leverage the technical aspects of nostr are dependent on nostr the protocol, while apps that benefit nostr exclusively via network effect are integrated into nostr the network. An app that does both things is working in symbiosis with nostr as a whole.

An app that embraces both nostr's protocol and its network becomes an organic extension of every other nostr app out there, multiplying both its competitive moat and its contribution to the ecosystem:

• In contrast to apps that only borrow from nostr on the technical level but continue to operate in their own silos, an application integrated into the nostr network comes pre-packaged with existing users, and is able to provide more value to those users because of other nostr products. On nostr, it's a good thing to advertise your competitors.
• In contrast to apps that only market themselves to nostr users without building out a deep integration on the protocol level, a deeply integrated app becomes an asset to every other nostr app by becoming an organic extension of them through interoperability. This results in increased traffic to the app as other developers and users refer people to it instead of solving their problem on their own. This is the "micro-apps" utopia we've all been waiting for.

Credible exit doesn't matter if there aren't alternative services. Interoperability is pointless if other applications don't offer something your app doesn't. Marketing to nostr users doesn't matter if you don't augment their agency as nostr users.

If I had to choose a single NIP that represents the mindset behind this kind of app, it would be NIP 89 A.K.A. "Recommended Application Handlers", which states:

Nostr's discoverability and transparent event interaction is one of its most interesting/novel mechanics. This NIP provides a simple way for clients to discover applications that handle events of a specific kind to ensure smooth cross-client and cross-kind interactions.

These handlers are the glue that holds nostr apps together. A single event, signed by the developer of an application (or by the application's own account) tells anyone who wants to know 1. what event kinds the app supports, 2. how to link to the app (if it's a client), and (if the pubkey also publishes a kind 10002), 3. which relays the app prefers.

As a sidenote, NIP 89 is currently focused more on clients, leaving DVMs, relays, signers, etc somewhat out in the cold. Updating 89 to include tailored listings for each kind of supporting app would be a huge improvement to the protocol. This, plus a good front end for navigating these listings (sorry nostrapp.link, close but no cigar) would obviate the evil centralized websites that curate apps based on arbitrary criteria.

Examples of this kind of app obviously include many kind 1 clients, as well as clients that attempt to bring the benefits of the nostr protocol and network to new use cases - whether long form content, video, image posts, music, emojis, recipes, project management, or any other "content type".

To drill down into one example, let's think for a moment about forms. What's so great about a forms app that is built on nostr? Well,

• There is a spec for forms and responses, which means that...
• Multiple clients can implement the same data format, allowing for credible exit and user choice, even of...
• Other products not focused on forms, which can still view, respond to, or embed forms, and which can send their users via NIP 89 to a client that does...
• Cryptographically sign forms and responses, which means they are self-authenticating and can be sent to...
• Multiple relays, which reduces the amount of trust necessary to be confident results haven't been deliberately "lost".

Show me a forms product that does all of those things, and isn't built on nostr. You can't, because it doesn't exist. Meanwhile, there are plenty of image hosts with APIs, streaming services, and bitcoin wallets which have basically the same levels of censorship resistance, interoperability, and network effect as if they weren't built on nostr.

It supports nostr

Notice I haven't said anything about whether relays, signers, blossom servers, software libraries, DVMs, and the accumulated addenda of the nostr ecosystem are nostr apps. Well, they are (usually).

This is the category of nostr app that gets none of the credit for doing all of the work. There's no question that they qualify as beautiful nostrcorns, because their value propositions are entirely meaningless outside of the context of nostr. Who needs a signer if you don't have a cryptographic identity you need to protect? DVMs are literally impossible to use without relays. How are you going to find the blossom server that will serve a given hash if you don't know which servers the publishing user has selected to store their content?

In addition to being entirely contextualized by nostr architecture, this type of nostr app is valuable because it does things "the nostr way". By that I mean that they don't simply try to replicate existing internet functionality into a nostr context; instead, they create entirely new ways of putting the basic building blocks of the internet back together.

A great example of this is how Nostr Connect, Nostr Wallet Connect, and DVMs all use relays as brokers, which allows service providers to avoid having to accept incoming network connections. This opens up really interesting possibilities all on its own.

So while I might hesitate to call many of these things "apps", they are certainly "nostr".

Appendix: it smells like a NINO

So, let's say you've created an app, but when you show it to people they politely smile, nod, and call it a NINO (Nostr In Name Only). What's a hacker to do? Well, here's your handy-dandy guide on how to wash that NINO stench off and Become a Nostr.

You app might be a NINO if:

• There's no NIP for your data format (or you're abusing NIP 78, 32, etc by inventing a sub-protocol inside an existing event kind)
• There's a NIP, but no one knows about it because it's in a text file on your hard drive (or buried in your project's repository)
• Your NIP imposes an incompatible/centralized/legacy web paradigm onto nostr
• Your NIP relies on trusted third (or first) parties
• There's only one implementation of your NIP (yours)
• Your core value proposition doesn't depend on relays, events, or nostr identities
• One or more relay urls are hard-coded into the source code
• Your app depends on a specific relay implementation to work (ahem, relay29)
• You don't validate event signatures
• You don't publish events to relays you don't control
• You don't read events from relays you don't control
• You use legacy web services to solve problems, rather than nostr-native solutions
• You use nostr-native solutions, but you've hardcoded their pubkeys or URLs into your app
• You don't use NIP 89 to discover clients and services
• You haven't published a NIP 89 listing for your app
• You don't leverage your users' web of trust for filtering out spam
• You don't respect your users' mute lists
• You try to "own" your users' data

Now let me just re-iterate - it's ok to be a NINO. We need NINOs, because nostr can't (and shouldn't) tackle every problem. You just need to decide whether your app, as a NINO, is actually contributing to the nostr ecosystem, or whether you're just using buzzwords to whitewash a legacy web software product.

If you're in the former camp, great! If you're in the latter, what are you waiting for? Only you can fix your NINO problem. And there are lots of ways to do this, depending on your own unique situation:

• Drop nostr support if it's not doing anyone any good. If you want to build a normal company and make some money, that's perfectly fine.
• Build out your nostr integration - start taking advantage of webs of trust, self-authenticating data, event handlers, etc.
• Work around the problem. Think you need a special relay feature for your app to work? Guess again. Consider encryption, AUTH, DVMs, or better data formats.
• Think your idea is a good one? Talk to other devs or open a PR to the nips repo. No one can adopt your NIP if they don't know about it.
• Keep going. It can sometimes be hard to distinguish a research project from a NINO. New ideas have to be built out before they can be fully appreciated.
• Listen to advice. Nostr developers are friendly and happy to help. If you're not sure why you're getting traction, ask!

I sincerely hope this article is useful for all of you out there in NINO land. Maybe this made you feel better about not passing the totally optional nostr app purity test. Or maybe it gave you some actionable next steps towards making a great NINON (Nostr In Not Only Name) app. In either case, GM and PV.

@ 000002de:c05780a7

There are so many projects in the bitcoin space that deserve praise but I just wanna shout out Cashu.me. Its a browser based cashu (eCash / Lighting) wallet. It can be very handy when you need a wallet but don't wanna download yet another app. I hadn't used it in a very long time and decided to try it out again the other day. Its really well done.

As with other Cashu wallets you need to select a mint and backup your key phrase but it is very simple the get started.

If you wanna learn more about Cashu check out Cashu.space

Two other good wallets that support Cashu.

• coinos
• Minibits.cash

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/974759

@ 50809a53:e091f164

For starters, anyone who is interested in curating and managing "notes, lists, bookmarks, kind-1 events, or other stuff" should watch this video:

https://youtu.be/XRpHIa-2XCE

Now, assuming you have watched it, I will proceed assuming you are aware of many of the applications that exist for a very similar purpose. I'll break them down further, following a similar trajectory in order of how I came across them, and a bit about my own path on this journey.

We'll start way back in the early 2000s, before Bitcoin existed. We had https://zim-wiki.org/

It is tried and true, and to this day stands to present an option for people looking for a very simple solution to a potentially complex problem. Zim-Wiki works. But it is limited.

Let's step into the realm of proprietary. Obsidian, Joplin, and LogSeq. The first two are entirely cloud-operative applications, with more of a focus on the true benefit of being a paid service. I will assume anyone reading this is capable of exploring the marketing of these applications, or trying their freemium product, to get a feeling for what they are capable of.

I bring up Obsidian because it is very crucial to understand the market placement of publication. We know social media handles the 'hosting' problem of publishing notes "and other stuff" by harvesting data and making deals with advertisers. But- what Obsidian has evolved to offer is a full service known as 'publish'. This means users can stay in the proprietary pipeline, "from thought to web." all for $8/mo.

See: https://obsidian.md/publish

THIS IS NOSTR'S PRIMARY COMPETITION. WE ARE HERE TO DISRUPT THIS MARKET, WITH NOTES AND OTHER STUFF. WITH RELAYS. WITH THE PROTOCOL.

Now, on to Joplin. I have never used this, because I opted to study the FOSS market and stayed free of any reliance on a paid solution. Many people like Joplin, and I gather the reason is because it has allowed itself to be flexible and good options that integrate with Joplin seems to provide good solutions for users who need that functionality. I see Nostr users recommending Joplin, so I felt it was worthwhile to mention as a case-study option. I myself need to investigate it more, but have found comfort in other solutions.

LogSeq - This is my "other solutions." It seems to be trapped in its proprietary web of funding and constraint. I use it because it turns my desktop into a power-house of note archival. But by using it- I AM TRAPPED TOO. This means LogSeq is by no means a working solution for Nostr users who want a long-term archival option.

But the trap is not a cage. It's merely a box. My notes can be exported to other applications with graphing and node-based information structure. Specifically, I can export these notes to:

• Text
• OPML
• HTML
• and, PNG, for whatever that is worth.

Let's try out the PNG option, just for fun. Here's an exported PNG of my "Games on Nostr" list, which has long been abandoned. I once decided to poll some CornyChat users to see what games they enjoyed- and I documented them in a LogSeq page for my own future reference. You can see it here:

https://i.postimg.cc/qMBPDTwr/image.png

This is a very simple example of how a single "page" or "list" in LogSeq can be multipurpose. It is a small list, with multiple "features" or variables at play. First, I have listed out a variety of complex games that might make sense with "multiplayer" identification that relies on our npubs or nip-05 addresses to aggregate user data. We can ALL imagine playing games like Tetris, Snake, or Catan together with our Nostr identities. But of course we are a long way from breaking into the video game market.

On a mostly irrelevant sidenote- you might notice in my example list, that I seem to be excited about a game called Dot.Hack. I discovered this small game on Itch.io and reached out to the developer on Twitter, in an attempt to purple-pill him, but moreso to inquire about his game. Unfortunately there was no response, even without mention of Nostr. Nonetheless, we pioneer on. You can try the game here: https://propuke.itch.io/planethack

So instead let's focus on the structure of "one working list." The middle section of this list is where I polled users, and simply listed out their suggestions. Of course we discussed these before I documented, so it is note a direct result of a poll, but actually a working interaction of poll results! This is crucial because it separates my list from the aggregated data, and implies its relevance/importance.

The final section of this ONE list- is the beginnings of where I conceptually connect nostr with video game functionality. You can look at this as the beginning of a new graph, which would be "Video Game Operability With Nostr".

These three sections make up one concept within my brain. It exists in other users' brains too- but of course they are not as committed to the concept as myself- the one managing the communal discussion.

With LogSeq- I can grow and expand these lists. These lists can become graphs. Those graphs can become entire catalogues of information than can be shared across the web.

I can replicate this system with bookmarks, ideas, application design, shopping lists, LLM prompting, video/music playlists, friend lists, RELAY lists, the LIST goes ON forever!

So where does that lead us? I think it leads us to kind-1 events. We don't have much in the way of "kind-1 event managers" because most developers would agree that "storing kind-1 events locally" is.. at the very least, not so important. But it could be! If only a superapp existed that could interface seamlessly with nostr, yada yada.. we've heard it all before. We aren't getting a superapp before we have microapps. Basically this means frameworking the protocol before worrying about the all-in-one solution.

So this article will step away from the deep desire for a Nostr-enabled, Rust-built, FOSS, non-commercialized FREEDOM APP, that will exist one day, we hope.

Instead, we will focus on simple attempts of the past. I encourage others to chime in with their experience.

Zim-Wiki is foundational. The user constructs pages, and can then develop them into books.

LogSeq has the right idea- but is constrained in too many ways to prove to be a working solution at this time. However, it is very much worth experimenting with, and investigating, and modelling ourselves after.

https://workflowy.com/ is next on our list. This is great for users who think LogSeq is too complex. They "just want simple notes." Get a taste with WorkFlowy. You will understand why LogSeq is powerful if you see value in WF.

I am writing this article in favor of a redesign of LogSeq to be compatible with Nostr. I have been drafting the idea since before Nostr existed- and with Nostr I truly believe it will be possible. So, I will stop to thank everyone who has made Nostr what it is today. I wouldn't be publishing this without you!

One app I need to investigate more is Zettlr. I will mention it here for others to either discuss or investigate, as it is also mentioned some in the video I opened with. https://www.zettlr.com/

On my path to finding Nostr, before its inception, was a service called Deta.Space. This was an interesting project, not entirely unique or original, but completely fresh and very beginner-friendly. DETA WAS AN AWESOME CLOUD OS. And we could still design a form of Nostr ecosystem that is managed in this way. But, what we have now is excellent, and going forward I only see "additional" or supplemental.

Along the timeline, Deta sunsetted their Space service and launched https://deta.surf/

You might notice they advertise that "This is the future of bookmarks."

I have to wonder if perhaps I got through to them that bookmarking was what their ecosystem could empower. While I have not tried Surf, it looks interested, but does not seem to address what I found most valuable about Deta.Space: https://webcrate.app/

WebCrate was an early bookmarking client for Deta.Space which was likely their most popular application. What was amazing about WebCrate was that it delivered "simple bookmarking." At one point I decided to migrate my bookmarks from other apps, like Pocket and WorkFlowy, into WebCrate.

This ended up being an awful decision, because WebCrate is no longer being developed. However, to much credit of Deta.Space, my WebCrate instance is still running and completely functional. I have since migrated what I deem important into a local LogSeq graph, so my bookmarks are safe. But, the development of WebCrate is note.

WebCrate did not provide a working directory of crates. All creates were contained within a single-level directory. Essentially there were no layers. Just collections of links. This isn't enough for any user to effectively manage their catalogue of notes. With some pressure, I did encourage the German developer to flesh out a form of tagging, which did alleviate the problem to some extent. But as we see with Surf, they have pioneered in another direction.

That brings us back to Nostr. Where can we look for the best solution? There simply isn't one yet. But, we can look at some other options for inspiration.

HedgeDoc: https://hedgedoc.org/

I am eager for someone to fork HedgeDoc and employ Nostr sign-in. This is a small step toward managing information together within the Nostr ecosystem. I will attempt this myself eventually, if no one else does, but I am prioritizing my development in this way:

1. A nostr client that allows the cataloguing and management of relays locally.
2. A LogSeq alternative with Nostr interoperability.
3. HedgeDoc + Nostr is #3 on my list, despite being the easiest option.

Check out HedgeDoc 2.0 if you have any interest in a cooperative Markdown experience on Nostr: https://docs.hedgedoc.dev/

Now, this article should catch up all of my dearest followers, and idols, to where I stand with "bookmarking, note-taking, list-making, kind-1 event management, frameworking, and so on..."

Where it leads us to, is what's possible. Let's take a look at what's possible, once we forego ALL OF THE PROPRIETARY WEB'S BEST OPTIONS:

https://denizaydemir.org/

https://denizaydemir.org/graph/how-logseq-should-build-a-world-knowledge-graph/

https://subconscious.network/

Nostr is even inspired by much of the history that has gone into information management systems. nostr:npub1jlrs53pkdfjnts29kveljul2sm0actt6n8dxrrzqcersttvcuv3qdjynqn I know looks up to Gordon Brander, just as I do. You can read his articles here: https://substack.com/@gordonbrander and they are very much worth reading! Also, I could note that the original version of Highlighter by nostr:npub1l2vyh47mk2p0qlsku7hg0vn29faehy9hy34ygaclpn66ukqp3afqutajft was also inspired partially by WorkFlowy.

About a year ago, I was mesmerized coming across SubText and thinking I had finally found the answer Nostr might even be looking for. But, for now I will just suggest that others read the Readme.md on the SubText Gtihub, as well as articles by Brander.

Good luck everyone. I am here to work with ANYONE who is interested in these type of solution on Nostr.

My first order of business in this space is to spearhead a community of npubs who share this goal. Everyone who is interested in note-taking or list-making or bookmarking is welcome to join. I have created an INVITE-ONLY relay for this very purpose, and anyone is welcome to reach out if they wish to be added to the whitelist. It should be freely readable in the near future, if it is not already, but for now will remain a closed-to-post community to preemptively mitigate attack or spam. Please reach out to me if you wish to join the relay. https://logstr.mycelium.social/

With this article, I hope people will investigate and explore the options available. We have lots of ground to cover, but all of the right resources and manpower to do so. Godspeed, Nostr.

Nostr #Notes #OtherStuff #LogSec #Joplin #Obsidian

@ 1893da11:a9bd4471

Introduction: The Challenge of Bitcoin-Secured Loans

Bitcoin holders often face a dilemma: they need liquidity but don't want to sell their assets, potentially missing out on future gains or triggering taxable events. Bitcoin-secured loans offer a solution, allowing users to borrow cash (like digital dollars) using their Bitcoin as collateral. However, the current landscape is fraught with challenges. Many existing solutions require users to trust centralized entities or involve complex mechanisms like wrapping Bitcoin, exposing them to significant risks:

• Custodial Risk: Handing over your Bitcoin to a third party means trusting they won't lose it, misuse it, or become insolvent. Billions have been lost this way.
• Smart Contract Risk: Platforms built on chains like Ethereum rely on complex smart contracts, which can contain bugs or vulnerabilities exploitable by hackers.
• Oracle Risk: Loan systems need reliable price feeds (oracles) to manage collateral. Centralized or manipulatable oracles can lead to unfair liquidations.
• Privacy Risk: Loan details and transactions are often publicly visible on the blockchain.
• Complexity and Cost: Existing processes can be slow, require extensive documentation, and involve high fees.

There's a clear need for a better way – one that is simple, reliable, and minimizes trust. This is where the Lava Loans Protocol comes in.

What is Lava Loans?

In simple terms, Lava Loans provides a way to borrow digital dollars using your native Bitcoin as collateral, directly from your own vault. It's designed to be:

• Simple & Fast: Get a loan in seconds with minimal questions asked.
• Low-Cost & Flexible: Offers competitive rates, dynamic fee structures, and allows borrowing any amount.
• Reliable & Trust-Minimized: Leverages Bitcoin's own capabilities to reduce reliance on intermediaries and enhance security.

How Lava Loans Addresses the Risks

Lava tackles the common pitfalls of crypto loans head-on:

• Eliminating Custodial Risk: Instead of transferring your Bitcoin to a custodian or wrapping it, Lava uses native Bitcoin locked directly on the Bitcoin network within a special type of contract. This prevents rehypothecation and loss through hacks or confiscation.
• Minimizing Smart Contract Risk: Lava utilizes Bitcoin smart contracts, also known as Discreet Log Contracts (DLCs). These are designed to be less complex and more secure than many general-purpose smart contracts, with outcomes pre-defined and formally verified.
• Reducing Oracle Risk: Users choose their own off-chain, blinded oracles (called Sibyls) for price data, with enhanced redundancy to ensure reliability. Off-chain attestations avoid high fees and miner manipulation risks associated with on-chain oracles. Blinded oracles provide price data without knowing the specific contract they influence, preventing targeted attacks.
• Enhancing Privacy: Because DLCs operate differently from typical public smart contracts, the details of the loan contract are not broadcast publicly on the Bitcoin blockchain.
• Trustless Initiation & Repayment: Atomic swaps ensure that collateral only moves to the contract once the loan is received, and collateral is automatically returned upon verified repayment.

The Magic Ingredients: DLCs and Sibyls Oracles

Two core technologies make Lava Loans unique:

1. Discreet Log Contracts (DLCs): Think of a DLC as a pre-programmed Bitcoin transaction agreed upon by the borrower and lender. Before the loan starts, they define all possible outcomes (e.g., repayment, liquidation at a specific price, expiry) and create encrypted signatures for each. The Bitcoin collateral is locked in a multisig output controlled by these pre-signed transactions. Only the conditions agreed upon (verified by oracle signatures) can unlock the funds according to the pre-defined rules. This offers:

   • Security: Formally verified, pre-defined outcomes minimize bug risk.
   • Privacy: Contract details remain off-chain.
   • Scalability: Minimal on-chain footprint as execution logic is off-chain.
   • Customization: Users can choose their own oracles and LTV thresholds.

2. Sibyls Oracles: These are the independent price feed providers for Lava. Key characteristics include:

   • Off-Chain: Attestations happen off-chain, avoiding blockchain fees and manipulation.
   • User-Chosen: Borrowers select the oracles they trust for each loan.
   • Blinded: Oracles provide signed price data without knowing the specific DLC it applies to, enhancing security.
   • Redundant: Multiple oracles can be configured to provide fallback price feeds, reducing the risk of oracle failure.

System Overview

Here's a high-level look at the components involved in the Lava Loans ecosystem:

[ Borrower ] --(locks Bitcoin)--> [ DLC Contract (Bitcoin) ] [ Lender ] --(sends stablecoins)--> [ Alt-Chain Contract (Solana) ] [ Oracles ] --(provides price)--> [ DLC Contract (Bitcoin) ] [ Borrower ] --(repays loan)--> [ Alt-Chain Contract (Solana) ] [ Lender ] --(claims collateral)--> [ DLC Contract (Bitcoin) ]

The Lava Loan Lifecycle

A loan progresses through several states:

• Initialized: A trustless atomic swap occurs. The borrower locks Bitcoin collateral into the DLC on the Bitcoin network, and the lender locks the loan capital (e.g., digital dollars on a network like Solana using HTLCs) which the borrower then claims.
• Active: The collateral is secured in the DLC, and the borrower has the loan capital. The Lava Protocol monitors the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio using price data from the chosen Sibyls oracles, with customizable LTV thresholds for greater flexibility.
• Terminated: The loan concludes in one of several ways:
  • Repaid: The borrower repays the loan capital plus interest on the loan asset network, with dynamic fees adjusting based on network conditions. Upon verification, the DLC automatically releases the Bitcoin collateral back to the borrower.
  • Liquidated: If the Bitcoin price drops and the LTV reaches a pre-determined threshold (now more flexible to avoid premature liquidations), the DLC automatically releases the collateral to the lender.
  • Expired: If the loan term ends before repayment, the DLC releases an amount equivalent to the principal plus interest to the lender, and the remaining collateral is returned to the borrower.
  • Fail-safe: In rare cases of unresponsive oracles, redundant Sibyls oracles and built-in mechanisms ensure collateral is not permanently lost.

Loan Process Sequence

The following diagram illustrates the typical sequence of events in a Lava Loan:

1. Borrower --> DLC: Create loan contract with collateral 2. Lender --> Alt-Chain: Fund loan with stablecoins 3. Borrower --> Alt-Chain: Receive and use stablecoins 4. (If repayment) 4a. Borrower --> Alt-Chain: Repay loan 4b. Lender --> Alt-Chain: Confirm repayment 4c. Borrower --> DLC: Claim collateral 5. (If liquidation) 5a. Oracle --> DLC: Provide price attestation 5b. Lender --> DLC: Claim collateral 6. (If expiry) 6a. Borrower/Lender --> DLC: Split collateral

Lava Loans vs. Other Bitcoin Lending Platforms: A Quick Comparison

How does Lava stack up against typical DeFi lending protocols and other Bitcoin lending platforms like Unchained, Strike, and Coinbase?

| Feature | Lava Loans (Bitcoin) | Typical Ethereum DeFi | Unchained | Strike | Coinbase | | :------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------- | | Collateral | Native Bitcoin | Often Wrapped Bitcoin (wBTC) or other assets | Native Bitcoin | Native Bitcoin | Native Bitcoin | | Contract Type | Discreet Log Contracts (DLCs) - Pre-agreed, Private | Smart Contracts - Public, Complex, Run on EVM | 2/3 Multisig Vaults | Custodial Contracts | Custodial Contracts | | Security | Aims for higher security via simpler, pre-set DLCs | Can be complex, potential for bugs/exploits | Secure via multisig, but relies on key holders | Custodial, less transparent | Custodial, less transparent | | Privacy | Higher privacy (contract details off-chain) | Lower privacy (contract interactions often public) | Moderate privacy (multisig details on-chain) | Lower privacy (custodial model) | Lower privacy (custodial model) | | Oracles | User-chosen, Off-chain, Blinded (Sibyls) | Often On-chain, potentially manipulatable | Not applicable (manual monitoring) | Centralized oracles | Centralized oracles | | Trust | Designed to minimize trust in intermediaries | Often requires trust in custodians, bridges, or protocols | Moderate trust (key holders could collude) | Higher trust (custodial, opaque practices) | Higher trust (custodial, opaque practices) | | Rehypothecation | No rehypothecation, verifiable on-chain via DLCs | Possible, depends on protocol | No rehypothecation, secured by multisig | Opaque, likely rehypothecated | Opaque, likely rehypothecated | | Interest Rates | Competitive, typically lower due to non-custodial model | Varies, often 5-10% for wBTC loans | 11-14% for non-rehypothecated loans | 12-13% (implies rehypothecation) | ~5-6% (implies rehypothecation) |

Lava leverages Bitcoin’s native capabilities and a specific oracle design to prioritize security, privacy, and trust minimization. Unlike Unchained, which uses a 2/3 multisig where two key holders could potentially collude, Lava’s DLCs ensure cryptographic proof of non-rehypothecation, verifiable on-chain in real time. Strike and Coinbase, being custodial, lack transparency about rehypothecation practices, with market rates suggesting they rehypothecate collateral. The v3 protocol introduces dynamic fee adjustments and more flexible LTV thresholds, reducing premature liquidations and optimizing costs based on network conditions.

Conclusion

Lava Loans presents a compelling option for those seeking liquidity against their Bitcoin holdings without sacrificing security or control. By utilizing Discreet Log Contracts, a user-centric, blinded oracle system (Sibyls) with enhanced redundancy, and new features like dynamic fees and flexible LTV thresholds, Lava provides a simple, reliable, and trust-minimized borrowing experience. These advancements directly address the major pain points found in many existing centralized and decentralized lending platforms.

References

• Maredia, Shehzan. "Lava Loans". Lava Blog, April 9, 2025. https://www.lava.xyz/blog/lava-loans
• https://github.com/lava-xyz/loans-paper/blob/main/loans_v3.pdf
• https://github.com/lava-xyz/sibyls

@ b04082ac:29b5c55b

Money has always been more than a medium of exchange. It reflects what societies value, how they organize trust, and what they choose to remember. This article explores the idea that money functions as a form of collective memory, and how Bitcoin may be restoring this role in a new way.

The Asante Example

In the Asante Empire, which flourished in West Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries, gold dust served as the primary medium of exchange. To measure it, traders used ornate spoons made of brass. These spoons were often carved with birds, animals, or abstract symbols. They were not currency themselves, but tools used to handle gold dust accurately.

Importantly, these spoons also carried meaning. Symbols and proverbs embedded in the spoons conveyed lessons about honesty, community, and continuity. For example, the Sankofa bird, shown turning its head backward to retrieve an egg from its back, represented the proverb, “It is not wrong to go back for that which you have forgotten.” This was a reminder to learn from the past.

The spoons reflect an understanding that money and its instruments are not just practical tools. They are cultural artifacts that store shared values. In the Asante context, even measurement was ritualized and tied to ethics and memory.

Money as a Cultural Medium

This connection between money and cultural meaning is not unique to the Asante Empire. Modern fiat currencies also carry symbols, phrases, and designs that reflect national identity and political values.

The U.S. dollar includes Latin phrases and national symbols meant to convey stability and purpose. The British pound features royal iconography, reinforcing the idea of continuity and sovereignty. When the euro was introduced, it deliberately avoided specific national references. Itsdesign used bridges and windowsto suggest openness and cooperation across the continent.

These design choices show that societies still embed meaning into their money. Even in a digital or fiat context, money is used to transmit a story about who we are, where authority lies, and what we value.

The Fragility of Fiat Memory

While fiat money carries cultural symbols, the narratives behind those symbols can be fragile.

In 2021, the central bank of the Philippines removed democratic leaders from its banknotes,triggering public criticism. In the United States, attempts to replace Andrew Jackson with Harriet Tubman on the $20 billfaced repeated delays. These examples show how political control over money includes control over what stories are told and remembered.

Unlike objects passed down through generations, fiat memory can be edited or erased. In this sense, it is vulnerable. The meaning encoded in fiat systems can shift depending on who holds power.

Bitcoin as a New Form of Memory

Bitcoin is described as digital money. But it also introduces a different model of how societies can record value and preserve meaning.

The Bitcoin network launched in 2009 with a small message embedded in its first block: “Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks.” This was a reference to a newspaper headline that day and a clear sign of protest against financial bailouts, centralized monetary policy, and forever wars.

This moment marked the beginning of a system where memory is stored differently. Instead of relying on governments or institutions, Bitcoin stores its history on a public ledger maintained by a decentralized network of participants. Its memory is not symbolic or political; it is structural. Every transaction, every block, is preserved through time-stamped computation and consensus.

No single authority can change it. The rules are clear and publicly auditable. In this way, Bitcoin offers a version of money where memory is both neutral and resilient.

Cultural Expression and Community Values

Even though Bitcoin lacks the traditional symbols found on banknotes, it has developed its own culture. Phrases like “Don’t trust, verify” or “Stay humble, stack sats” are shared widely in the Bitcoin community. These ideas reflect a focus on self-responsibility, verification, and long-term thinking.

These proverbs can be compared to the carved messages on the Asante spoons. While the contexts are very different, the underlying idea is similar: a community using language and symbols to reinforce its shared values.

Bitcoin also has a well established and growing art scene. Bitcoin conferences often feature dedicated sections for art inspired by the protocol and its culture. Statues of Satoshi Nakamoto have been installed in cities like Budapest, Lugano, and Fornelli. These physical works reflect the desire to link Bitcoin’s abstract values to something tangible.

Looking Back to Look Forward

The Asante example helps us see that money has long been tied to memory and meaning. Their spoons were practical tools but also cultural anchors. Bitcoin, while new and digital, may be playing a similar role.

Instead of relying on political symbols or national myths, Bitcoin uses code, transparency, and global consensus to create trust. In doing so, it offers a way to preserve economic memory that does not depend on power or politics.

It’s still early to know what kind of legacy Bitcoin will leave. But if it succeeds, it may not just change how money works. It may also change how civilizations remember.

@ 5b730fac:9e746e2a

| Channel | Push to Branch | Previous Installation Method | NIP94 Event ID Updated as Expected | New Update Installed as Expected | Test Passed | | ------- | ----------------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | dev | Already Installed | Manual | Yes | Yes | Yes
nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzqkmnp7kx5h36rumhjrtkxdslvqu38fyf09wv53u4hrqmvx08gm32qqxnzde5xcmnzdp4xvmnvdpkpctkgk |

Before pushing update

Check state

Currently installed NIP94 event: { "id": "33bf30e90f1e09924a933f08e788165eada8cca2d6c78443e7e52910f0705988", "pubkey": "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a", "created_at": 1746711607, "kind": 1063, "content": "TollGate Module Package: basic for gl-mt3000", "tags": [ [ "url", "https://blossom.swissdash.site/0456244a6b01629d86d6218ddacb149fd3a54b007154531ade55415c5573ab97.ipk" ], [ "m", "application/octet-stream" ], [ "x", "0456244a6b01629d86d6218ddacb149fd3a54b007154531ade55415c5573ab97" ], [ "ox", "0456244a6b01629d86d6218ddacb149fd3a54b007154531ade55415c5573ab97" ], [ "filename", "basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk" ], [ "architecture", "aarch64_cortex-a53" ], [ "version", "multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-89-4e46a9b" ], [ "release_channel", "dev" ] ] }

Installed here: Thu May 8 13:40:13 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[6709]: Started the timer Thu May 8 13:40:13 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[6709]: Intersection: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-89-4e46a9b] Thu May 8 13:40:13 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[6709]: Right Time Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-89-4e46a9b] Thu May 8 13:40:13 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[6709]: Right Arch Keys count: 56 Thu May 8 13:40:13 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[6709]: Right Version Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-89-4e46a9b] Thu May 8 13:40:23 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[6709]: 2025/05/08 13:40:23.779018 Timeout reached, checking for new versions Thu May 8 13:40:23 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[6709]: Sorted Qualifying Events Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-89-4e46a9b] Thu May 8 13:40:23 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[6709]: Newer package version available: multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-89-4e46a9b Thu May 8 13:40:23 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[6709]: Downloading package from https://blossom.swissdash.site/0456244a6b01629d86d6218ddacb149fd3a54b007154531ade55415c5573ab97.ipk to /tmp/0456244a6b01629d86d6218ddacb149fd3a54b007154531ade55415c5573ab97.ipk Thu May 8 13:40:28 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[6709]: Package downloaded successfully to /tmp/ Thu May 8 13:40:28 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[6709]: 2025/05/08 13:40:28.863469 Verifying package checksum Thu May 8 13:40:28 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[6709]: 2025/05/08 13:40:28.873010 Package checksum verified successfully Thu May 8 13:40:28 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[6709]: New package version multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-89-4e46a9b is ready to be installed by cronjob Thu May 8 13:41:06 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[7713]: 2025/05/08 13:41:06 NIP94EventID: 33bf30e90f1e09924a933f08e788165eada8cca2d6c78443e7e52910f0705988 Thu May 8 13:41:06 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[7713]: 2025/05/08 13:41:06 IPAddressRandomized: 192.168.3.1

Current version picked up by opkg: root@OpenWrt:~# opkg list-installed | grep "tollgate" tollgate-module-basic-go - multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-89-4e46a9b

Check basic module's logic

Config.json contains the right event ID: ``` root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/tollgate/config.json | jq { "tollgate_private_key": "8a45d0add1c7ddf668f9818df550edfa907ae8ea59d6581a4ca07473d468d663", "accepted_mints": [ "https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin", "https://mint2.nutmix.cash" ], "price_per_minute": 1, "bragging": { "enabled": true, "fields": [ "amount", "mint", "duration" ] }, "relays": [ "wss://relay.damus.io", "wss://nos.lol", "wss://nostr.mom", "wss://relay.tollgate.me" ], "trusted_maintainers": [ "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a" ], "fields_to_be_reviewed": [ "price_per_minute", "relays", "tollgate_private_key", "trusted_maintainers" ], "nip94_event_id": "33bf30e90f1e09924a933f08e788165eada8cca2d6c78443e7e52910f0705988" }

```

Install.json contains the right package path: root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/tollgate/install.json { "package_path": "/tmp/0456244a6b01629d86d6218ddacb149fd3a54b007154531ade55415c5573ab97.ipk", "ip_address_randomized": "192.168.3.1", "install_time": 1746711661, "download_time": 1746711628, "release_channel": "dev", "ensure_default_timestamp": 1746634883, "update_path": null }

Update package manually

Prevent automatic update

Stop tollgate-basic so that it doesn't automatically update to newer event kinds. root@OpenWrt:~# service tollgate-basic stop root@OpenWrt:~# service tollgate-basic status inactive

Trigger new event announcement on this branch

New NIP94 event on this branch c03rad0r@CobradorRomblonMimaropa:~/TG/tollgate-module-basic-go/src$ git push github Enumerating objects: 9, done. Counting objects: 100% (9/9), done. Delta compression using up to 8 threads Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done. Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 429 bytes | 429.00 KiB/s, done. Total 5 (delta 4), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (4/4), completed with 4 local objects. To https://github.com/OpenTollGate/tollgate-module-basic-go.git 4e46a9b..ad29788 multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package -> multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package

The new version that we will install manually: { "id": "2ff8b1e63036f03884a82450c811d9df0ed2b9f1a4099bbb1e4308e1d845be97", "pubkey": "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a", "created_at": 1746712364, "kind": 1063, "content": "TollGate Module Package: basic for gl-mt3000", "tags": [ [ "url", "https://blossom.swissdash.site/e8633b4c2ceb05b5fd45fe0574417b644bbc62e6e3862147e94ca46104735059.ipk" ], [ "m", "application/octet-stream" ], [ "x", "e8633b4c2ceb05b5fd45fe0574417b644bbc62e6e3862147e94ca46104735059" ], [ "ox", "e8633b4c2ceb05b5fd45fe0574417b644bbc62e6e3862147e94ca46104735059" ], [ "filename", "basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk" ], [ "architecture", "aarch64_cortex-a53" ], [ "version", "multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-90-ad29788" ], [ "release_channel", "dev" ] ] }

The installation: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# wget https://blossom.swissdash.site/e8633b4c2ceb05b5fd45fe0574417b644bbc62e6e3862147e94ca46104735059.ipk Downloading 'https://blossom.swissdash.site/e8633b4c2ceb05b5fd45fe0574417b644bbc62e6e3862147e94ca46104735059.ipk' Connecting to 212.47.72.157:443 Writing to 'e8633b4c2ceb05b5fd45fe0574417b644bbc62e6e3862147e94ca46104735059.ipk' e8633b4c2ceb05b5fd45 2943k --:--:-- ETA Download completed (4509706 bytes) root@OpenWrt:/tmp# opkg install e8633b4c2ceb05b5fd45fe0574417b644bbc62e6e3862147e94ca46104735059.ipk Upgrading tollgate-module-basic-go on root from multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-89-4e46a9b to multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-90-ad29788... Command failed: Not found Removing existing banner file if present... Configuring tollgate-module-basic-go. nodogsplash cfg7c92bd Running TollGate NoDogSplash file copy script... Source files: drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 384 May 8 13:57 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 224 May 8 13:50 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 599 May 8 13:50 asset-manifest.json -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 312 May 8 13:50 manifest.json -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 642 May 8 13:50 splash.html Copying splash.html... IP is already randomized or not set to false. Exiting.

Current version picked up by opkg: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# opkg list-installed | grep "tollgate" tollgate-module-basic-go - multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-90-ad29788 root@OpenWrt:/tmp#

tollgate-basic is running again: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# service tollgate-basic status running

Event ID successfully set to unknown: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/config.json | jq { "tollgate_private_key": "8a45d0add1c7ddf668f9818df550edfa907ae8ea59d6581a4ca07473d468d663", "accepted_mints": [ "https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin", "https://mint2.nutmix.cash" ], "price_per_minute": 1, "bragging": { "enabled": true, "fields": [ "amount", "mint", "duration" ] }, "relays": [ "wss://relay.damus.io", "wss://nos.lol", "wss://nostr.mom", "wss://relay.tollgate.me" ], "trusted_maintainers": [ "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a" ], "fields_to_be_reviewed": [ "price_per_minute", "relays", "tollgate_private_key", "trusted_maintainers" ], "nip94_event_id": "unknown" }

install.json is still pointing at dev channel: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/install.json | jq { "package_path": "/tmp/0456244a6b01629d86d6218ddacb149fd3a54b007154531ade55415c5573ab97.ipk", "ip_address_randomized": "192.168.3.1", "install_time": 1746712641, "download_time": 1746711628, "release_channel": "dev", "ensure_default_timestamp": 1746634883, "update_path": null }

Trigger new event announcement on this branch

Trigger new event: c03rad0r@CobradorRomblonMimaropa:~/TG/tollgate-module-basic-go/src$ git push github Enumerating objects: 9, done. Counting objects: 100% (9/9), done. Delta compression using up to 8 threads Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done. Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 418 bytes | 418.00 KiB/s, done. Total 5 (delta 4), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (4/4), completed with 4 local objects. To https://github.com/OpenTollGate/tollgate-module-basic-go.git ad29788..ca43710 multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package -> multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package

New event json: { "id": "51ca573636243df455333e83d5b456b4bcefd939c8160c5737545abcdc95dfd9", "pubkey": "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a", "created_at": 1746714091, "kind": 1063, "tags": [ [ "url", "https://blossom.swissdash.site/75990a3f245069a56c02c6e24dc312ecc6ff1f0df632fb99ddb247c98a745a5b.ipk" ], [ "m", "application/octet-stream" ], [ "x", "75990a3f245069a56c02c6e24dc312ecc6ff1f0df632fb99ddb247c98a745a5b" ], [ "ox", "75990a3f245069a56c02c6e24dc312ecc6ff1f0df632fb99ddb247c98a745a5b" ], [ "filename", "basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk" ], [ "architecture", "aarch64_cortex-a53" ], [ "version", "multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-91-ca43710" ], [ "release_channel", "dev" ] ], "content": "TollGate Module Package: basic for gl-mt3000" }

Logread output: ``` Thu May 8 14:12:11 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[8933]: 2025/05/08 14:12:11.615394 Relay wss://relay.damus.io disconnected, attempting to reconnect Thu May 8 14:12:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Connecting to relay: wss://relay.damus.io Thu May 8 14:12:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Connected to relay: wss://relay.damus.io Thu May 8 14:12:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Subscription successful on relay wss://relay.damus.io Thu May 8 14:12:11 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Subscribed to NIP-94 events on relay wss://relay.damus.io Thu May 8 14:20:41 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Connecting to relay: wss://relay.tollgate.me Thu May 8 14:21:33 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Started the timer Thu May 8 14:21:33 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Intersection: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-91-ca43710] Thu May 8 14:21:33 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Right Time Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-90-ad29788 basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-90-ad29788 basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-91-ca43710] Thu May 8 14:21:33 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Right Arch Keys count: 115 Thu May 8 14:21:33 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Right Version Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-91-ca43710] Thu May 8 14:21:43 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[8933]: 2025/05/08 14:21:43.304879 Timeout reached, checking for new versions Thu May 8 14:21:43 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Sorted Qualifying Events Keys: [basic-gl-mt3000-aarch64_cortex-a53.ipk-multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-91-ca43710] Thu May 8 14:21:43 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Newer package version available: multiple_mints_rebase_taglist_detect_package-91-ca43710 Thu May 8 14:21:43 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Downloading package from https://blossom.swissdash.site/75990a3f245069a56c02c6e24dc312ecc6ff1f0df632fb99ddb247c98a745a5b.ipk to /tmp/75990a3f245069a56c02c6e24dc312ecc6ff1f0df632fb99ddb247c98a745a5b.ipk Thu May 8 14:21:45 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: Package downloaded successfully to /tmp/ Thu May 8 14:21:45 2025 daemon.info tollgate-basic[8933]: New package version is ready to be installed by cronjob Thu May 8 14:21:45 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[8933]: 2025/05/08 14:21:45.667395 Verifying package checksum Thu May 8 14:21:45 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[8933]: 2025/05/08 14:21:45.676755 Package checksum verified successfully Thu May 8 14:22:06 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[10154]: 2025/05/08 14:22:06 NIP94EventID: 51ca573636243df455333e83d5b456b4bcefd939c8160c5737545abcdc95dfd9 Thu May 8 14:22:06 2025 daemon.err tollgate-basic[10154]: 2025/05/08 14:22:06 IPAddressRandomized: 192.168.3.1

```

Config has the right event id again: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/config.json | jq { "tollgate_private_key": "8a45d0add1c7ddf668f9818df550edfa907ae8ea59d6581a4ca07473d468d663", "accepted_mints": [ "https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin", "https://mint2.nutmix.cash" ], "price_per_minute": 1, "bragging": { "enabled": true, "fields": [ "amount", "mint", "duration" ] }, "relays": [ "wss://relay.damus.io", "wss://nos.lol", "wss://nostr.mom", "wss://relay.tollgate.me" ], "trusted_maintainers": [ "5075e61f0b048148b60105c1dd72bbeae1957336ae5824087e52efa374f8416a" ], "fields_to_be_reviewed": [ "price_per_minute", "relays", "tollgate_private_key", "trusted_maintainers" ], "nip94_event_id": "51ca573636243df455333e83d5b456b4bcefd939c8160c5737545abcdc95dfd9" }

Install.json has the right file path again: root@OpenWrt:/tmp# cat /etc/tollgate/install.json | jq { "package_path": "/tmp/75990a3f245069a56c02c6e24dc312ecc6ff1f0df632fb99ddb247c98a745a5b.ipk", "ip_address_randomized": "192.168.3.1", "install_time": 1746714121, "download_time": 1746714105, "release_channel": "dev", "ensure_default_timestamp": 1746634883, "update_path": null }

@ 66df6056:f3203c64

งาน Bitcoin++ ประจำปี 2025 ที่จัดขึ้นที่เมืองออสติน รัฐเท็กซัส เป็นการรวมตัวของนักพัฒนา Bitcoin ที่เจาะลึกในประเด็นทางเทคนิค โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งเรื่อง Mempool, Transaction Relay และ Mining Pools หัวข้อเหล่านี้ถูกเน้นย้ำว่าเป็นหัวข้อที่น่าสนใจและเป็นที่ถกเถียงกัน เป้าหมายหลักของงานคือเพื่อให้เหล่านักพัฒนาและผู้สร้างสรรค์ได้แบ่งปันสิ่งที่พวกเขากำลังทำอยู่ เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับความท้าทายในการนำ Transaction เข้าสู่ Block และการปรับปรุง Bitcoin รวมถึงส่งเสริมการเติบโตของชุมชน Open-Source

งานในปีนี้เป็นครั้งแรกที่มุ่งเน้นไปที่ Mempool และ Transaction Relay โดยเฉพาะ ซึ่งเกี่ยวข้องโดยตรงกับการสร้าง Block Mempool ถูกมองว่าเป็นพื้นที่ส่วนรวม (commons) และเป็นตลาดประมูลที่เสรีและเปิดกว้างที่สุดแห่งหนึ่งของโลก ที่ซึ่งใครก็ตามที่เป็นเจ้าของ Bitcoin สามารถเสนอราคา (ค่าธรรมเนียม) และใครก็ตามที่ขุด Bitcoin ก็สามารถยอมรับราคานั้นและนำ Transaction เข้า Block ได้ แม้ว่ากระบวนการนี้จะมีความท้าทายและบางครั้งก็เป็นที่ถกเถียงกัน แต่ Bitcoin ยังคงทำงานเป็นระบบแบบอนาธิปไตย (anarchic system) ที่การพัฒนาเกิดขึ้นในลักษณะกระจายศูนย์

ประเด็นร้อน: OP_RETURN และการถกเถียงเรื่อง Data Carrier

หนึ่งในประเด็นหลักที่ถูกกล่าวถึงและมีการจัดดีเบตแบบ Oxford-style คือเรื่องขีดจำกัดของ Data Carrier ใน OP_RETURN โดยเฉพาะการถกเถียงเรื่องการปลดขีดจำกัดค่าเริ่มต้นใน Bitcoin Core การถกเถียงนี้สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงความตึงเครียดระหว่างกลุ่มที่เรียกว่า "Monetary Maximalists" ซึ่งต้องการให้ Bitcoin เป็นเงินที่ดีที่สุด กับกลุ่ม "Platform Maximalists" ที่ต้องการให้ Bitcoin สามารถทำสิ่งต่างๆ ที่ไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับเงินได้มากขึ้น เช่น การออก Token บน Bitcoin

ฝ่ายที่สนับสนุนการปลดขีดจำกัดแย้งว่ามันเป็นปัญหาทางเทคนิคที่ไม่มีวิธีที่มีหลักการในการป้องกันอย่างแท้จริงในระดับ Consensus การพยายามใช้ Filter ใน Mempool เพื่อป้องกันนั้นไม่สามารถทำได้อย่างสมบูรณ์ และผู้ใช้สามารถหาวิธีหลีกเลี่ยงได้ การปลดขีดจำกัดอาจช่วยลดการสร้าง UTXO ที่ใช้ไม่ได้ (unspendable UTXOs) ซึ่งเป็นสิ่งที่แย่กว่า OP_RETURN และจะช่วยประหยัดเวลาของนักพัฒนาจากการโต้เถียงในเรื่องเล็กๆ น้อยๆ

ขณะที่ฝ่ายคัดค้านการปลดขีดจำกัดยืนยันว่า Filter ใน Mempool ทำงานได้ผลในการยับยั้งการใช้ OP_RETURN สำหรับข้อมูลที่ไม่ใช่ทางการเงิน และการปลดขีดจำกัดจะเป็นการทำลาย Filter ที่มีอยู่ พวกเขาแย้งว่า Bitcoin ถูกออกแบบมาให้เป็นระบบการเงิน ไม่ใช่ฐานข้อมูลสำหรับเก็บข้อมูลตามอำเภอใจ การอนุญาตให้เก็บข้อมูลที่ไม่ใช่ทางการเงินจำนวนมากจะทำให้ Transaction ของผู้ใช้ทั่วไปมีค่าใช้จ่ายสูงขึ้น และเป็นการ "ขาย Bitcoin ให้กับผู้ที่เสนอราคาสูงสุด" ซึ่งอาจนำไปสู่การบ่อนทำลายโดยผู้ที่ควบคุมระบบการเงินแบบเก่า พวกเขายืนยันว่า Bitcoin ควรเน้นการเป็นเงิน และการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ไม่จำเป็นซึ่งทำลาย Filter ที่ทำงานอยู่จะทำให้ความไว้วางใจใน Bitcoin Core ลดลง นอกจากนี้ยังมีการพูดถึงทางเลือกในการใช้ Filter ในระดับ Node เช่นที่ implement ใน Bitcoin Knots

ความรวมศูนย์ในการขุดและการกระจายศูนย์

ปัญหาความรวมศูนย์ใน Mining Pool เป็นอีกหัวข้อที่มีการหารืออย่างกว้างขวาง โดยเฉพาะเรื่องความหลากหลายของ Block Template เครื่องมืออย่าง stratum.work ถูกสร้างขึ้นมาเพื่อช่วยให้ผู้สังเกตการณ์สามารถเปรียบเทียบ Block Template จาก Pool ต่างๆ ได้ ข้อมูลแสดงให้เห็นว่า Antpool และ Pool ที่เป็น "เพื่อน" (Antpool and friends) รวมถึง Foundry มีส่วนแบ่ง Hash Rate รวมกันค่อนข้างสูง ซึ่งทำให้เกิดความกังวลเกี่ยวกับความรวมศูนย์ ปัญหาดังกล่าวถูกมองว่าเป็นปัญหาเชิงเศรษฐศาสตร์และแรงจูงใจ มากกว่าปัญหาทางเทคนิคล้วนๆ

ทางออกในการกระจายศูนย์การขุดและการสร้าง Block Template ถูกนำเสนอ โดยเฉพาะโปรโตคอล Datam ที่พัฒนาโดย Ocean Mining Datam ถูกออกแบบมาเพื่อการขุดแบบกระจายศูนย์โดยเฉพาะ โดย กำหนดให้ Miner ต้องรัน Node ของตัวเองเพื่อสร้าง Block Template ซึ่งแตกต่างจาก Stratum V2 ที่ยังคงมีการใช้งานแบบรวมศูนย์อยู่ Datam Gateway ทำหน้าที่เป็นตัวเชื่อมระหว่าง Miner กับ Pool โดยใช้ Stratum V1 แต่ Miner เป็นผู้สร้าง Block Template เอง โปรโตคอล Datam นั้นเรียบง่าย ใช้ภาษา C เพื่อให้มีขนาดเล็กและมีประสิทธิภาพสูง สามารถทำงานบน Raspberry Pi ได้ และมีการเข้ารหัสระหว่าง Pool กับ Gateway การสร้าง Datam ขึ้นมาใหม่จากศูนย์เป็นเพราะไม่มีโปรโตคอลหรือซอฟต์แวร์ Pool เดิมที่ตอบโจทย์การกระจายศูนย์ได้อย่างสมบูรณ์

การแก้ไข Bug ใน Consensus (Consensus Cleanup)

มีการนำเสนอ BIP 54 หรือ Great Consensus Cleanup ซึ่งเป็นข้อเสนอ Soft Fork เพื่อแก้ไข Bug เล็กน้อยในกฎ Consensus ของ Bitcoin จุดประสงค์ไม่ใช่การเปลี่ยนแปลงคุณค่าหลักของ Bitcoin แต่เป็นการแก้ไข Bug ที่สามารถทำได้ผ่าน Soft Fork Bug เหล่านี้รวมถึงปัญหาที่อาจนำไปสู่การมี Transaction ID (TXID) ของ Coinbase ซ้ำกันในอนาคตสำหรับ Block ที่เกิดขึ้นก่อน BIP 34 การแก้ไขใน BIP 54 เกี่ยวข้องกับการใช้ Time Locking และการกำหนดค่า End Sequence ใน Coinbase Transaction เพื่อป้องกันปัญหานี้ ข้อเสนอนี้ถูกพัฒนาขึ้นโดย Antoine Riard และมีการหารืออย่างละเอียด

ความปลอดภัยทางควอนตัมในอนาคต

ประเด็นเรื่องความปลอดภัยทางควอนตัมของ Bitcoin ก็ถูกหยิบยกขึ้นมาพูดคุย แม้จะดูเป็นปัญหาที่ไกลตัว แต่ก็เป็นสิ่งสำคัญที่จะต้องมีแผนรองรับ BIP 360 ถูกนำเสนอเป็นข้อเสนอ Soft Fork ทางเลือก (Opt-in soft fork) เพื่อเพิ่มความปลอดภัยทางควอนตัมให้กับ Bitcoin ปัญหาหลักคือผู้ใช้จะต้องเปิดเผย Public Key และ Signature เมื่อใช้จ่าย Transaction และคอมพิวเตอร์ควอนตัมอาจสามารถคำนวณ Private Key จาก Public Key ได้ BIP 360 เสนอให้เพิ่มข้อมูล Public Key และ Signature ที่ผ่านการป้องกันควอนตัมเข้าไปใน Transaction โดยรองรับ Taproot อย่างไรก็ตาม Multisig บางประเภท เช่น P2SH หรือ P2WSH อาจให้การป้องกันได้ดีกว่า เนื่องจากผู้โจมตีจะต้องหา Private Key หลายตัว ในขณะที่ Key Path Spend ของ Taproot อาจไม่ช่วยป้องกันปัญหานี้ BIP 360 ยังกำหนดให้มี Public Key ที่ป้องกันควอนตัมเพียงตัวเดียวเพื่อหลีกเลี่ยงความกำกวมของที่อยู่ Taproot

นวัตกรรมและกรณีใช้งานอื่นๆ

นอกจากนี้ยังมีการกล่าวถึงโครงการอื่นๆ ที่น่าสนใจ เช่น Maple AI ที่มุ่งมั่นสร้าง AI ที่ไม่ใช่แบบรวมศูนย์ และ Open Secret ซึ่งเป็น Framework สำหรับนักพัฒนาในการให้ผู้ใช้สามารถ Self-Custody ข้อมูลของตนเองได้ แนวคิดนี้คล้ายกับการ Self-Custody Bitcoin ใน Wallet โดยมองว่าการถือข้อมูลผู้ใช้เป็นภาระความเสี่ยงสำหรับนักพัฒนา

มีการพูดถึงแนวโน้มที่ผู้เล่นในระบบการเงินแบบเก่าอย่าง Visa และ Stripe กำลังพยายามเข้าสู่พื้นที่ Digital Currency โดยอาจใช้การ Tokenize Credit Card รวมถึงบทบาทที่อาจเกิดขึ้นของ AI Agents ซึ่งอาจเริ่มใช้ Bitcoin หรือ Lightning Network ในการชำระเงินในอนาคต มีการคาดการณ์ว่า AI Agents อาจทำธุรกรรมผ่าน Lightning Network ได้ในระดับที่สูงกว่าการใช้งานของมนุษย์อย่างรวดเร็ว โดยมีการพัฒนาโปรโตคอลอย่าง X402 และ Fusats เพื่อรองรับการชำระเงินสำหรับ Agents โดยเปิดโอกาสให้ Agents เลือกใช้สกุลเงินดิจิทัลที่ดีที่สุดในตลาดเสรี

สุดท้าย งาน Bitcoin++ เน้นย้ำถึงความสำคัญของการประชุมและการรวมตัวกันของนักพัฒนาเพื่อหารือ ประสานงาน และแบ่งปันไอเดีย โดยเฉพาะในประเด็นที่ต้องอาศัยความร่วมมือและการแก้ปัญหาที่ซับซ้อน

@ 0d97beae:c5274a14

This article hopes to complement the article by Lyn Alden on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jk_HWmmwiAs

The reason why we have broken money

Before the invention of key technologies such as the printing press and electronic communications, even such as those as early as morse code transmitters, gold had won the competition for best medium of money around the world.

In fact, it was not just gold by itself that became money, rulers and world leaders developed coins in order to help the economy grow. Gold nuggets were not as easy to transact with as coins with specific imprints and denominated sizes.

However, these modern technologies created massive efficiencies that allowed us to communicate and perform services more efficiently and much faster, yet the medium of money could not benefit from these advancements. Gold was heavy, slow and expensive to move globally, even though requesting and performing services globally did not have this limitation anymore.

Banks took initiative and created derivatives of gold: paper and electronic money; these new currencies allowed the economy to continue to grow and evolve, but it was not without its dark side. Today, no currency is denominated in gold at all, money is backed by nothing and its inherent value, the paper it is printed on, is worthless too.

Banks and governments eventually transitioned from a money derivative to a system of debt that could be co-opted and controlled for political and personal reasons. Our money today is broken and is the cause of more expensive, poorer quality goods in the economy, a larger and ever growing wealth gap, and many of the follow-on problems that have come with it.

Bitcoin overcomes the "transfer of hard money" problem

Just like gold coins were created by man, Bitcoin too is a technology created by man. Bitcoin, however is a much more profound invention, possibly more of a discovery than an invention in fact. Bitcoin has proven to be unbreakable, incorruptible and has upheld its ability to keep its units scarce, inalienable and counterfeit proof through the nature of its own design.

Since Bitcoin is a digital technology, it can be transferred across international borders almost as quickly as information itself. It therefore severely reduces the need for a derivative to be used to represent money to facilitate digital trade. This means that as the currency we use today continues to fare poorly for many people, bitcoin will continue to stand out as hard money, that just so happens to work as well, functionally, along side it.

Bitcoin will also always be available to anyone who wishes to earn it directly; even China is unable to restrict its citizens from accessing it. The dollar has traditionally become the currency for people who discover that their local currency is unsustainable. Even when the dollar has become illegal to use, it is simply used privately and unofficially. However, because bitcoin does not require you to trade it at a bank in order to use it across borders and across the web, Bitcoin will continue to be a viable escape hatch until we one day hit some critical mass where the world has simply adopted Bitcoin globally and everyone else must adopt it to survive.

Bitcoin has not yet proven that it can support the world at scale. However it can only be tested through real adoption, and just as gold coins were developed to help gold scale, tools will be developed to help overcome problems as they arise; ideally without the need for another derivative, but if necessary, hopefully with one that is more neutral and less corruptible than the derivatives used to represent gold.

Bitcoin blurs the line between commodity and technology

Bitcoin is a technology, it is a tool that requires human involvement to function, however it surprisingly does not allow for any concentration of power. Anyone can help to facilitate Bitcoin's operations, but no one can take control of its behaviour, its reach, or its prioritisation, as it operates autonomously based on a pre-determined, neutral set of rules.

At the same time, its built-in incentive mechanism ensures that people do not have to operate bitcoin out of the good of their heart. Even though the system cannot be co-opted holistically, It will not stop operating while there are people motivated to trade their time and resources to keep it running and earn from others' transaction fees. Although it requires humans to operate it, it remains both neutral and sustainable.

Never before have we developed or discovered a technology that could not be co-opted and used by one person or faction against another. Due to this nature, Bitcoin's units are often described as a commodity; they cannot be usurped or virtually cloned, and they cannot be affected by political biases.

The dangers of derivatives

A derivative is something created, designed or developed to represent another thing in order to solve a particular complication or problem. For example, paper and electronic money was once a derivative of gold.

In the case of Bitcoin, if you cannot link your units of bitcoin to an "address" that you personally hold a cryptographically secure key to, then you very likely have a derivative of bitcoin, not bitcoin itself. If you buy bitcoin on an online exchange and do not withdraw the bitcoin to a wallet that you control, then you legally own an electronic derivative of bitcoin.

Bitcoin is a new technology. It will have a learning curve and it will take time for humanity to learn how to comprehend, authenticate and take control of bitcoin collectively. Having said that, many people all over the world are already using and relying on Bitcoin natively. For many, it will require for people to find the need or a desire for a neutral money like bitcoin, and to have been burned by derivatives of it, before they start to understand the difference between the two. Eventually, it will become an essential part of what we regard as common sense.

Learn for yourself

If you wish to learn more about how to handle bitcoin and avoid derivatives, you can start by searching online for tutorials about "Bitcoin self custody".

There are many options available, some more practical for you, and some more practical for others. Don't spend too much time trying to find the perfect solution; practice and learn. You may make mistakes along the way, so be careful not to experiment with large amounts of your bitcoin as you explore new ideas and technologies along the way. This is similar to learning anything, like riding a bicycle; you are sure to fall a few times, scuff the frame, so don't buy a high performance racing bike while you're still learning to balance.

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

Instructions

1. Place 2 medium-sized, boiled potatoes and a handful of sliced leeks in a pot.
2. Fill the pot with water or vegetable broth, to cover the potatoes twice over.
3. Add a splash of white wine, if you like, and some bouillon powder, if you went with water instead of broth.
4. Bring the soup to a boil and then simmer for 15 minutes.
5. Puree the soup, in the pot, with a hand mixer. It shouldn't be completely smooth, when you're done, but rather have small bits and pieces of the veggies floating around.
6. Bring the soup to a boil, again, and stir in one container (200-250 mL) of heavy cream.
7. Thicken the soup, as needed, and then simmer for 5 more minutes.
8. Garnish with croutons and veggies (here I used sliced green onions and radishes) and serve.

Guten Appetit!

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

New Year’s resolutions often feel boring and repetitive. Most revolve around getting in shape, eating healthier, or giving up alcohol. While the idea is interesting—using the start of a new calendar year as a catalyst for change—it also seems unnecessary. Why wait for a specific date to make a change? If you want to improve something in your life, you can just do it. You don’t need an excuse.

That’s why I’ve never been drawn to the idea of making a list of resolutions. If I wanted a change, I’d make it happen, without worrying about the calendar. At least, that’s how I felt until now—when, for once, the timing actually gave me a real reason to embrace the idea of New Year’s resolutions.

Enter Olas.

If you're a visual creator, you've likely experienced the relentless grind of building a following on platforms like Instagram—endless doomscrolling, ever-changing algorithms, and the constant pressure to stay relevant. But what if there was a better way? Olas is a Nostr-powered alternative to Instagram that prioritizes community, creativity, and value-for-value exchanges. It's a game changer.

Instagram’s failings are well-known. Its algorithm often dictates whose content gets seen, leaving creators frustrated and powerless. Monetization hurdles further alienate creators who are forced to meet arbitrary follower thresholds before earning anything. Additionally, the platform’s design fosters endless comparisons and exposure to negativity, which can take a significant toll on mental health.

Instagram’s algorithms are notorious for keeping users hooked, often at the cost of their mental health. I've spoken about this extensively, most recently at Nostr Valley, explaining how legacy social media is bad for you. You might find yourself scrolling through content that leaves you feeling anxious or drained. Olas takes a fresh approach, replacing "doomscrolling" with "bloomscrolling." This is a common theme across the Nostr ecosystem. The lack of addictive rage algorithms allows the focus to shift to uplifting, positive content that inspires rather than exhausts.

Monetization is another area where Olas will set itself apart. On Instagram, creators face arbitrary barriers to earning—needing thousands of followers and adhering to restrictive platform rules. Olas eliminates these hurdles by leveraging the Nostr protocol, enabling creators to earn directly through value-for-value exchanges. Fans can support their favorite artists instantly, with no delays or approvals required. The plan is to enable a brand new Olas account that can get paid instantly, with zero followers - that's wild.

Olas addresses these issues head-on. Operating on the open Nostr protocol, it removes centralized control over one's content’s reach or one's ability to monetize. With transparent, configurable algorithms, and a community that thrives on mutual support, Olas creates an environment where creators can grow and succeed without unnecessary barriers.

Join me on my New Year's resolution. Join me on Olas and take part in the #Olas365 challenge! It’s a simple yet exciting way to share your content. The challenge is straightforward: post at least one photo per day on Olas (though you’re welcome to share more!).

Download on iOS.

Download on Android or download via Zapstore.

Let's make waves together.

@ e6817453:b0ac3c39

The Rise of Graph RAGs and the Quest for Data Quality

As we enter a new year, it’s impossible to ignore the boom of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, particularly those leveraging graph-based approaches. The previous year saw a surge in advancements and discussions about Graph RAGs, driven by their potential to enhance large language models (LLMs), reduce hallucinations, and deliver more reliable outputs. Let’s dive into the trends, challenges, and strategies for making the most of Graph RAGs in artificial intelligence.

Booming Interest in Graph RAGs

Graph RAGs have dominated the conversation in AI circles. With new research papers and innovations emerging weekly, it’s clear that this approach is reshaping the landscape. These systems, especially those developed by tech giants like Microsoft, demonstrate how graphs can:

• Enhance LLM Outputs: By grounding responses in structured knowledge, graphs significantly reduce hallucinations.
• Support Complex Queries: Graphs excel at managing linked and connected data, making them ideal for intricate problem-solving.

Conferences on linked and connected data have increasingly focused on Graph RAGs, underscoring their central role in modern AI systems. However, the excitement around this technology has brought critical questions to the forefront: How do we ensure the quality of the graphs we’re building, and are they genuinely aligned with our needs?

Data Quality: The Foundation of Effective Graphs

A high-quality graph is the backbone of any successful RAG system. Constructing these graphs from unstructured data requires attention to detail and rigorous processes. Here’s why:

• Richness of Entities: Effective retrieval depends on graphs populated with rich, detailed entities.
• Freedom from Hallucinations: Poorly constructed graphs amplify inaccuracies rather than mitigating them.

Without robust data quality, even the most sophisticated Graph RAGs become ineffective. As a result, the focus must shift to refining the graph construction process. Improving data strategy and ensuring meticulous data preparation is essential to unlock the full potential of Graph RAGs.

Hybrid Graph RAGs and Variations

While standard Graph RAGs are already transformative, hybrid models offer additional flexibility and power. Hybrid RAGs combine structured graph data with other retrieval mechanisms, creating systems that:

• Handle diverse data sources with ease.
• Offer improved adaptability to complex queries.

Exploring these variations can open new avenues for AI systems, particularly in domains requiring structured and unstructured data processing.

Ontology: The Key to Graph Construction Quality

Ontology — defining how concepts relate within a knowledge domain — is critical for building effective graphs. While this might sound abstract, it’s a well-established field blending philosophy, engineering, and art. Ontology engineering provides the framework for:

• Defining Relationships: Clarifying how concepts connect within a domain.
• Validating Graph Structures: Ensuring constructed graphs are logically sound and align with domain-specific realities.

Traditionally, ontologists — experts in this discipline — have been integral to large enterprises and research teams. However, not every team has access to dedicated ontologists, leading to a significant challenge: How can teams without such expertise ensure the quality of their graphs?

How to Build Ontology Expertise in a Startup Team

For startups and smaller teams, developing ontology expertise may seem daunting, but it is achievable with the right approach:

1. Assign a Knowledge Champion: Identify a team member with a strong analytical mindset and give them time and resources to learn ontology engineering.
2. Provide Training: Invest in courses, workshops, or certifications in knowledge graph and ontology creation.
3. Leverage Partnerships: Collaborate with academic institutions, domain experts, or consultants to build initial frameworks.
4. Utilize Tools: Introduce ontology development tools like Protégé, OWL, or SHACL to simplify the creation and validation process.
5. Iterate with Feedback: Continuously refine ontologies through collaboration with domain experts and iterative testing.

So, it is not always affordable for a startup to have a dedicated oncologist or knowledge engineer in a team, but you could involve consulters or build barefoot experts.

You could read about barefoot experts in my article :

Even startups can achieve robust and domain-specific ontology frameworks by fostering in-house expertise.

How to Find or Create Ontologies

For teams venturing into Graph RAGs, several strategies can help address the ontology gap:

1. Leverage Existing Ontologies: Many industries and domains already have open ontologies. For instance:

2. Public Knowledge Graphs: Resources like Wikipedia’s graph offer a wealth of structured knowledge.

3. Industry Standards: Enterprises such as Siemens have invested in creating and sharing ontologies specific to their fields.

4. Business Framework Ontology (BFO): A valuable resource for enterprises looking to define business processes and structures.

5. Build In-House Expertise: If budgets allow, consider hiring knowledge engineers or providing team members with the resources and time to develop expertise in ontology creation.

6. Utilize LLMs for Ontology Construction: Interestingly, LLMs themselves can act as a starting point for ontology development:

7. Prompt-Based Extraction: LLMs can generate draft ontologies by leveraging their extensive training on graph data.

8. Domain Expert Refinement: Combine LLM-generated structures with insights from domain experts to create tailored ontologies.

Parallel Ontology and Graph Extraction

An emerging approach involves extracting ontologies and graphs in parallel. While this can streamline the process, it presents challenges such as:

• Detecting Hallucinations: Differentiating between genuine insights and AI-generated inaccuracies.
• Ensuring Completeness: Ensuring no critical concepts are overlooked during extraction.

Teams must carefully validate outputs to ensure reliability and accuracy when employing this parallel method.

LLMs as Ontologists

While traditionally dependent on human expertise, ontology creation is increasingly supported by LLMs. These models, trained on vast amounts of data, possess inherent knowledge of many open ontologies and taxonomies. Teams can use LLMs to:

• Generate Skeleton Ontologies: Prompt LLMs with domain-specific information to draft initial ontology structures.
• Validate and Refine Ontologies: Collaborate with domain experts to refine these drafts, ensuring accuracy and relevance.

However, for validation and graph construction, formal tools such as OWL, SHACL, and RDF should be prioritized over LLMs to minimize hallucinations and ensure robust outcomes.

Final Thoughts: Unlocking the Power of Graph RAGs

The rise of Graph RAGs underscores a simple but crucial correlation: improving graph construction and data quality directly enhances retrieval systems. To truly harness this power, teams must invest in understanding ontologies, building quality graphs, and leveraging both human expertise and advanced AI tools.

As we move forward, the interplay between Graph RAGs and ontology engineering will continue to shape the future of AI. Whether through adopting existing frameworks or exploring innovative uses of LLMs, the path to success lies in a deep commitment to data quality and domain understanding.

Have you explored these technologies in your work? Share your experiences and insights — and stay tuned for more discussions on ontology extraction and its role in AI advancements. Cheers to a year of innovation!

@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8

Sachzwangfreie, gesichert systemkritische Investigativ-Journalisten der unabhängigen, für Ausgewogenheit bekannten Mainstream-Medien, haben in jahrelanger Recherche den Rechtsruck Deutschlands beobachtet und nun in einem rund 5000 Seiten starken Gutachten dem Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz zugespielt. Möglicherweise ist Erfahrung in der Veröffentlichung der Tagebücher eines verkannten Künstlers hierbei sehr hilfreich gewesen.

Nach sorgfältiger Überprüfung des Inland-Geheimdienstes konnte festgestellt werden, dass dem 3. Reich zugeschriebenes Gedankengut fortbesteht und dadurch die Unseredemokratie nachhaltig vergiftet ist. Bei der Beurteilung waren die Erkenntnisse der Gauck-Behörde von unschätzbarem Wert.

Ein Magazin, einst bekannt dafür, der Politik scharf auf die Finger zu schauen, und das auch die vorgenannten Tagebücher veröffentlicht hat (das war vor der Zeit, als ein ausgewachsener amerikanischer Voll-Philanthrop mit seiner Großzügigkeit die laufenden Strom- und Heizkosten des Verlagsgebäudes bezahlt hat), scheint hier seine Schreib-Fachkräfte zur Verfügung gestellt zu haben. Das könnte erklären, warum einige Details der nicht zu hinterfragenden Schrift an die Öffentlichkeit gelangt sind.

Schon im Grundgesetz kommt der durch das NS-Regime verbrannte Begriff „Volk“ zwölf Mal vor. So lebt die Ideologie, dass es ein deutsches Volk gibt, auch im Grundgesetz weiter. Vermutlich wurde durch Bestechung und Intrigen der Artikel 116 Absatz 1 hineingeschmuggelt, der besagt, wer Deutscher im Sinne des Grundgesetzes ist. Das fordert zwangsläufig eine dringend notwendige Prüfung, ob nicht das Grundgesetz selbst verfassungswidrig ist.

Mit Gründung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wurde auch weiterhin im Straßenverkehr am Rechtsverkehr festgehalten, obwohl die Autoindustrie mit Beibehaltung des Lenkrades auf der linken Seite ein klares Zeichen gegen rechts gesetzt hat.

Der Ausbau des deutschen Autobahnnetzes wurde im 3. Reich stark vorangetrieben. Er diente vor allem dazu, eine schnelle Truppenbewegung zu ermöglichen. Schließlich sollte nach Goebbels, vor allem bekannt durch seine Rede im Sportpalast in Berlin, bestmögliche Kriegstüchtigkeit hergestellt werden. Die Waffenproduktion der Hermann-Göring-Werke, heute Rheinmetall, ließen die Hochöfen bereits dauerglühen.

Nach dem 2. Weltenbrand wurde der Ausbau des deutschen Autobahnnetzes weiter vorangetrieben. Statt sie zu entschärfen, wurden extreme Rechtskurven durch Leitplanken gesichert. Weniger scharfe Rechtskurven wurden in einer Liste als Verdachtsfall erfasst und werden seitdem intensiv beobachtet, die Unfallhäufigkeit wird ständig gemessen.

Ein weiteres Indiz für rechtes Gedankengut ist die Tatsache, dass eine bekannte Autofirma ihre Produkte auch in der Bundesrepublik nicht in Bürgerwagen umbenannt hat. So wurde in der Wirtschaftswunderzeit mit einem verfassungswidrigen Kraftfahrzeug mit 37 PS wild in der Gegend herumgefahren und durch Auslandsreisen, gerne an den Gardasee, der Begriff Volk in die ganze Welt getragen. Den Höhepunkt des Gipfels erreichte die Verfassungswidrigkeit jedoch dadurch, dass ein Werk in Brasilien den Bürgerwagen produzierte und so den gesamten amerikanischen Kontinent mit hässlichem Gedankengut verseuchte.

Deutsche Unternehmen, die aus Überzeugung Schrauben und Muttern mit Rechtsgewinde herstellen, können nur überzeugte Rechtsextremisten sein. Alles, was rechts ist oder rechts herum geht, muss zum Schutze von Unseredemokratie verfolgt und verboten werden. Auch die Buchhaltung der Unternehmen gehört reformiert, denn schließlich gibt es mit Soll und Haben eine linke und, staatsgefährdend, auch eine rechte Seite, auf der die Einnahmen und Ausgaben erfasst werden.

In großen Städten wurden nach der bedingungslosen Kapitulation der Wehrmacht Straßen und Plätze, die nach den „Größen“ des 3. Reichs benannt wurden, wieder umbenannt. Es wurde dabei versäumt, Parks in größeren Städten, die sich Volksgarten nennen, in Bürgergarten umzubenennen.

Auch wurde versäumt, ideologisch vergiftete Tischsitten zu reformieren. So liegt das Messer neben dem Teller weiterhin rechts. Die Absicht liegt sozusagen auf der Hand, denn das ist eine eindeutige Aufforderung zu Messergewalt, zumal die meisten Menschen Rechtshänder sind.

An der Schreibweise von links nach rechts wurde weiter festgehalten. Ein weiteres Anzeichen dafür, wie das Volk durch alltägliche Verrichtungen zu einer rechten Gesinnung durch dunkle Kräfte hingeleitet werden soll. Die Schreibweise „kursiv“ wurde nicht verboten, obwohl sie extrem rechts ist.

Offensichtlich wird auch die Indoktrination des Volkes, wenn vom für die Linken diskriminierenden Rechtsstaat die Rede ist. Menschen, die ein gesundes Rechtsverständnis haben, sind ideologisch vergiftet.

Die Auflösung von Familienstrukturen, einst die kleinste tragende Zelle der Gesellschaft, muss dringend umgesetzt werden, da verschworene Gruppen, die im Ernstfall wie Pech und Schwefel zusammenhalten, den Staat delegitimieren. Sie könnten zum Beispiel einen Familienausflug planen, von dem der Staat nichts weiß.

Ein Ehepaar, das nicht mehr zeitgemäß in einem Doppelbett schläft, ist höchstverdächtig. Der Ehepartner, der in einem Ehebett auf der rechten Seite sehr nah an der Bettkante schläft, schläft rechtsextrem. Wenn er ein Gitter am Bett hat, damit er nicht aus dem Bett fällt, schläft er sogar extrem gesichert rechts.

Der Verfassungsschutz muss dringend prüfen, ob nicht das gesamte deutsche Volk verboten werden sollte, denn es ist eindeutig so, dass das Volk völkisch ist und das darf in einer Unseredemokratie keinen Platz haben.

Mit Übergabe des Gutachtens an den Verfassungsschutz sieht dieser es als Geheimsache an, sodass er es aus Gründen des Staatswohls nicht denjenigen gegenüber zugänglich gemacht werden kann, die es betrifft, nämlich das völkische Volk.

Jenes Volk, das dank einer übermenschlichen Autoren-Anstrengung im wirtschaftlichen Bereich immer mehr den nicht mehr vorhandenen Pfennig und die nicht mehr vorhandene Mark umdrehen muss.

Als Volks-Sparmöglichkeiten gibt es jedoch noch:

·         Im Outlet-Store Markenartikel 2. Wahl

·         Auf dem Markt Spargel 2. Wahl

·         Und jetzt auch einen Bundeskanzler 2. Wahl

Warum hat das undankbare deutsche Volk, das die Unseredemokratie nicht genug zu schätzen weiß, immer noch etwas zu meckern?

Wer jetzt behauptet, dass dieser Text absurd ist, der möge sich in der Realität umsehen. Da finden die wirklichen Absurditäten statt. Das hier ist nur Schwurbelei von jemandem, der die Welt nicht mehr versteht.

Dieser Artikel wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben

* *

(Bild von pixabay)

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

Here we are again with our monthly Magnificent Seven, the summary giving you a hit of what you missed in the ~AGORA territory.

Let's check our top performing post Ads!

---

Top-Performing Ads

This month, the most engaging ones are:

• 01 [SELL] The Book of Bitcoin Mythology - Bitcoin accepted - ($21 + shipping) by @VEINTIUNO offering a printed version of the Bitcoin Mythology @spiral series, available online originally in English and translated by the post author in Spanish. 100 sats \ 6 comments \ 18 Apr

• 02 [SELL] Southwest voucher, 50k sats (digital code/ USA) by @BlokchainB, where he share a voucher Southwest Airlines. Have you sold it to @itsrealfake then? 206 sats \ 3 comments \ 27 Apr

• 03 SoapMiner Beef Tallow Soap by @PictureRoom, a review of a great handmade product sold P2P. 83 sats \ 2 comments \ 3 May

• 04 [SELL] Walter Whites Mega Package eBook (25000) by @MidnightShipper, return selling hand-picked ebooks from his/her huge collection 36 sats \ 4 comments \ 21 Apr

• 05 Medical Consultation (an update to a previous post) by @BTCLNAT, renewing prices and details of a previous Ad-post. Pretty fair still... 5k sats/consultation still a bargain! 100 sats \ 3 comments \ 22 Apr

• 06 [SELL] Bitcoin Education Playing Cards $30 Bitcoin accepted by @NEEDcreations, releasing a new updated edition, ow available for sale on the 360BTC's pleb shop 19 sats \ 0 comments \ 30 Apr

• 07 OFFICIAL - VINTAGE - Marlboro Zippo - Real & WORKS by @watchmancbiz, returns with just a link to SatStash for more info on the auction 0 sats \ 0 comments \ 3 May

A quick reminder that now you ca setup auctions here in the AGORA too! Learn how. The other feature released last month was the introduction of Shopfronts on SN. Check our SN Merch and SN Zine examples. Thank you all! Let's keep these trades coming and grow the P2P Bitcoin circular economy!

---

Lost & Found in SN' Wild West Web

Stay with me, we're not done yet! I found plenty of other deals and offers in other territories too..

• Private Package Delivery where @Jon_Hodl share his experience on receiving one personally
• 🚨 VIP-Only Flash Sale: Bitaxe Gamma for $125 by @siggy47, grabbing one of these bad boys.
• Where do you sell books for Bitcoin, besides on ~Agora Territory? by @hasherstacker, asking ~BooksAndArticles community. Do you have a book to sell? Let me know how I can help!
• This best-selling book on ‘abundance’ has got it wrong - Max Rashbrooke by @Solomonsatoshi sharing an interesting external article.
• Trump Store Selling ‘Trump 2028’ Hats Trump Says He’s ‘Not Joking’ another interesting article shared by our dear friend @CarlTuckerson

Wow, such an exciting month!

---

Active Professional Services accepting Bitcoin in the AGORA

Let us know if we miss any, here below the most memorable ones: - https://stacker.news/items/900208/r/AG @unschooled offering Language Tutoring - https://stacker.news/items/813013/r/AG @gpvansat's [OFFER][Graphic Design] From the paste editions (It's important to keep these offers available) - https://stacker.news/items/775383/r/AG @TinstrMedia - Color Grading (Styling) Your Pictures as a Service - https://stacker.news/items/773557/r/AG @MamaHodl, MATHS TUTOR 50K SATS/hour English global - https://stacker.news/items/684163/r/AG @BTCLNAT's OFFER HEALTH COUNSELING [5K SAT/ consultation - https://stacker.news/items/689268/r/AG @mathswithtess [SELL] MATHS TUTOR ONILINE, 90k sats per hour. Global but English only.

Let me know if I'm missing other stackers offering services around here!

---

In case you missed

Here some interesting post, opening conversations and free speech about markets and business on the bitcoin circular economy:

• https://stacker.news/items/972209/r/AG Here Comes Bitcoin Swag Shop by @k00b
• https://stacker.news/items/969011/r/AG Sales Corner (Prospecting) by @Akg10s3
• https://stacker.news/items/971914/r/AG Satoshi Escrow A Bitcoin non-custodial P2P dispute resolution using Nostr keys by @AGORA
• https://stacker.news/items/972209/r/AG Twin Cities Outdoor Agora Market by @k00b
• https://stacker.news/items/942025/r/AG How to create your Shopfront on STACKER NEWS to upsell your products & services by @AGORA

---

BUYing or SELLing Cowboys Credits?

BUY or SELL them in the ~AGORA marketplace

Here's what stackers have to offers: - [SWAP] SN Cowboy credits by @DarthCoin - https://stacker.news/items/758411/r/AG by @SimpleStacker that also shares a CCs market analysis. - [BUY] 100 cowboy credits for one satoshi by @ek - Will Pay Sats For Cowboy Credits by @siggy47 - 📢 CCs to Sats Exchange Megathread recently started by @holonite, not sure why in ~bitcoin. Consider the ~AGORA next time ;)

---

🏷️ Spending Sunday and Selling weekly?

Share your most recent Bitcoin purchases of just check what other stackers are buying with their sats! All series available here: Or read the latest one from https://stacker.news/items/970896/r/AG

📢 Thursday Talks: What have you sold for Bitcoin this week?

Our recently launched weekly series going out every Thursday. In the past one, I collected all @Akg10s3's Sales Corner posts. Fresh out of the box, today edition https://stacker.news/items/974581/r/AG

---

Create your Ads now!

Looking to start something new? Hit one of the links below to free your mind:

• 💬 TOPIC for conversation,
• [⚖️ SELL] anything! or,
• if you're looking for something, hit the [🛒 BUY]!
• [🧑‍💻 HIRE] any bitcoiner skill or stuff from bitcoiners
• [🖇 OFFER] any product or service and stack more sats
• [🧑‍⚖️ AUCTION] to let stackers decide a fair price for your item
• [🤝 SWAP] if you're looking to exchange anything with anything else
• [🆓 FREE] your space, make a gift!
• Start your own [SHOPFRONT] or simply...
• [⭐ REVIEW] any bitcoin product or LN service you recently bought or subscribed to.

---

Or contact @AGORA team on nostr DM, and we can help you publish a personalized post.

. #nostr #bitcoin #stuff4sats #sell #buy #plebchain #grownostr #asknostr #market #business

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/974611

@ a4a6b584:1e05b95b

The Four-Layer Framework

Layer 1: Zoom Out

Start by looking at the big picture. What’s the subject about, and why does it matter? Focus on the overarching ideas and how they fit together. Think of this as the 30,000-foot view—it’s about understanding the "why" and "how" before diving into the "what."

Example: If you’re learning programming, start by understanding that it’s about giving logical instructions to computers to solve problems.

• Tip: Keep it simple. Summarize the subject in one or two sentences and avoid getting bogged down in specifics at this stage.

Once you have the big picture in mind, it’s time to start breaking it down.

---

Layer 2: Categorize and Connect

Now it’s time to break the subject into categories—like creating branches on a tree. This helps your brain organize information logically and see connections between ideas.

Example: Studying biology? Group concepts into categories like cells, genetics, and ecosystems.

• Tip: Use headings or labels to group similar ideas. Jot these down in a list or simple diagram to keep track.

With your categories in place, you’re ready to dive into the details that bring them to life.

---

Layer 3: Master the Details

Once you’ve mapped out the main categories, you’re ready to dive deeper. This is where you learn the nuts and bolts—like formulas, specific techniques, or key terminology. These details make the subject practical and actionable.

Example: In programming, this might mean learning the syntax for loops, conditionals, or functions in your chosen language.

• Tip: Focus on details that clarify the categories from Layer 2. Skip anything that doesn’t add to your understanding.

Now that you’ve mastered the essentials, you can expand your knowledge to include extra material.

---

Layer 4: Expand Your Horizons

Finally, move on to the extra material—less critical facts, trivia, or edge cases. While these aren’t essential to mastering the subject, they can be useful in specialized discussions or exams.

Example: Learn about rare programming quirks or historical trivia about a language’s development.

• Tip: Spend minimal time here unless it’s necessary for your goals. It’s okay to skim if you’re short on time.

---

Pro Tips for Better Learning

1. Use Active Recall and Spaced Repetition

Test yourself without looking at notes. Review what you’ve learned at increasing intervals—like after a day, a week, and a month. This strengthens memory by forcing your brain to actively retrieve information.

2. Map It Out

Create visual aids like diagrams or concept maps to clarify relationships between ideas. These are particularly helpful for organizing categories in Layer 2.

3. Teach What You Learn

Explain the subject to someone else as if they’re hearing it for the first time. Teaching exposes any gaps in your understanding and helps reinforce the material.

4. Engage with LLMs and Discuss Concepts

Take advantage of tools like ChatGPT or similar large language models to explore your topic in greater depth. Use these tools to:
- Ask specific questions to clarify confusing points.
- Engage in discussions to simulate real-world applications of the subject.
- Generate examples or analogies that deepen your understanding.

Tip: Use LLMs as a study partner, but don’t rely solely on them. Combine these insights with your own critical thinking to develop a well-rounded perspective.

---

Get Started

Ready to try the Four-Layer Method? Take 15 minutes today to map out the big picture of a topic you’re curious about—what’s it all about, and why does it matter? By building your understanding step by step, you’ll master the subject with less stress and more confidence.

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

Here are my predictions for Nostr in 2025:

Decentralization: The outbox and inbox communication models, sometimes referred to as the Gossip model, will become the standard across the ecosystem. By the end of 2025, all major clients will support these models, providing seamless communication and enhanced decentralization. Clients that do not adopt outbox/inbox by then will be regarded as outdated or legacy systems.

Privacy Standards: Major clients such as Damus and Primal will move away from NIP-04 DMs, adopting more secure protocol possibilities like NIP-17 or NIP-104. These upgrades will ensure enhanced encryption and metadata protection. Additionally, NIP-104 MLS tools will drive the development of new clients and features, providing users with unprecedented control over the privacy of their communications.

Interoperability: Nostr's ecosystem will become even more interconnected. Platforms like the Olas image-sharing service will expand into prominent clients such as Primal, Damus, Coracle, and Snort, alongside existing integrations with Amethyst, Nostur, and Nostrudel. Similarly, audio and video tools like Nostr Nests and Zap.stream will gain seamless integration into major clients, enabling easy participation in live events across the ecosystem.

Adoption and Migration: Inspired by early pioneers like Fountain and Orange Pill App, more platforms will adopt Nostr for authentication, login, and social systems. In 2025, a significant migration from a high-profile application platform with hundreds of thousands of users will transpire, doubling Nostr’s daily activity and establishing it as a cornerstone of decentralized technologies.

@ 9c35fe6b:5977e45b

Into the Heart of the Desert If you're looking for an adventure beyond the ordinary, Egypt Safari Tours with ETB Tours Egypt offer an unforgettable escape into the Egyptian desert. Venture into the golden sands of the White Desert, Bahariya Oasis, or Siwa, where time seems to stand still. This is more than sightseeing — it's a soul-stirring journey.

Exclusive Experiences with Egypt Private Tours For those who value privacy and exclusivity, ETB Tours Egypt designs tailor-made Egypt private tours that bring the desert to life on your terms. Whether it's a sunset camel ride, a 4x4 dune adventure, or camping under the stars, your itinerary is crafted just for you.

Explore More with Egypt Vacation Packages Why stop at the desert? Combine your safari adventure with cultural highlights and coastal escapes through our curated Egypt vacation packages. Enjoy the perfect balance between relaxation and exploration as you transition from the desert to the Nile.

Budget-Friendly Desert Escapes Traveling on a budget doesn’t mean you have to sacrifice experience. ETB Tours Egypt offers incredible Egypt budget tours that make desert adventures accessible to all. With professional guides and well-organized itineraries, you’ll enjoy value-packed experiences at an affordable price.

All Inclusive Egypt Vacations: Worry-Free Travel Enjoy stress-free travel with our all inclusive Egypt vacations. From hotel stays and meals to guided safaris and transportation, every detail is taken care of. Just bring your adventurous spirit—we’ll handle the rest.

Combine Desert Thrills with Ancient Wonders Turn your desert safari into a grand journey by including one of our Egypt pyramid tour packages. Witness the mystique of the Pyramids of Giza before heading into the vast desert—blending ancient history with modern adventure To Contact Us: E-Mail: info@etbtours.com Mobile & WhatsApp: +20 10 67569955 - +201021100873 Address: 4 El Lebeny Axis, Nazlet Al Batran, Al Haram, Giza, Egypt

@ 6e468422:15deee93

We didn't hear them land on earth, nor did we see them. The spores were not visible to the naked eye. Like dust particles, they softly fell, unhindered, through our atmosphere, covering the earth. It took us a while to realize that something extraordinary was happening on our planet. In most places, the mushrooms didn't grow at all. The conditions weren't right. In some places—mostly rocky places—they grew large enough to be noticeable. People all over the world posted pictures online. "White eggs," they called them. It took a bit until botanists and mycologists took note. Most didn't realize that we were dealing with a species unknown to us.

We aren't sure who sent them. We aren't even sure if there is a "who" behind the spores. But once the first portals opened up, we learned that these mushrooms aren't just a quirk of biology. The portals were small at first—minuscule, even. Like a pinhole camera, we were able to glimpse through, but we couldn't make out much. We were only able to see colors and textures if the conditions were right. We weren't sure what we were looking at.

We still don't understand why some mushrooms open up, and some don't. Most don't. What we do know is that they like colder climates and high elevations. What we also know is that the portals don't stay open for long. Like all mushrooms, the flush only lasts for a week or two. When a portal opens, it looks like the mushroom is eating a hole into itself at first. But the hole grows, and what starts as a shimmer behind a grey film turns into a clear picture as the egg ripens. When conditions are right, portals will remain stable for up to three days. Once the fruit withers, the portal closes, and the mushroom decays.

The eggs grew bigger year over year. And with it, the portals. Soon enough, the portals were big enough to stick your finger through. And that's when things started to get weird...

@ 20986fb8:cdac21b3

English

Introducing YakiHonne: Write Without Limits

YakiHonne is the ultimate text editor designed to help you express yourself creatively, no matter the language.

Features you'll love:
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Benefits:
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"YakiHonne is a game-changer for content creators."

@ 0861144c:e68a1caf

May 7th - Asuncion, Paraguay

We made trhe 11th meetup of our community. This time, we reached an ATH of atendees, almost 150 people. This time, we were talking about bitcoin for begginers and for the main event I made a presentation a about Robosats, encouraging people to take orders, buy bitcoin and most of it, make your life better.

The motto this time was: this is not about being a trader. It's about happiness.

Bitcoin can help you find new ways to explore the best version of yourself because right now people are looking anti-inflation methods for not lose money. In every meetup, we're encouraging our new members to embrace and adopt bitcoin for their products/services.

Most of them are skeptics (at first) when I say that Lightning Network is cheaper as f**k. I show them the fee paid, their eyes...it's the aha moment for them.

I'm happy and bullish af.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/974608

@ fe32298e:20516265

Today I learned how to install NVapi to monitor my GPUs in Home Assistant.

NVApi is a lightweight API designed for monitoring NVIDIA GPU utilization and enabling automated power management. It provides real-time GPU metrics, supports integration with tools like Home Assistant, and offers flexible power management and PCIe link speed management based on workload and thermal conditions.

• GPU Utilization Monitoring: Utilization, memory usage, temperature, fan speed, and power consumption.
• Automated Power Limiting: Adjusts power limits dynamically based on temperature thresholds and total power caps, configurable per GPU or globally.
• Cross-GPU Coordination: Total power budget applies across multiple GPUs in the same system.
• PCIe Link Speed Management: Controls minimum and maximum PCIe link speeds with idle thresholds for power optimization.
• Home Assistant Integration: Uses the built-in RESTful platform and template sensors.

Getting the Data

sudo apt install golang-go git clone https://github.com/sammcj/NVApi.git cd NVapi go run main.go -port 9999 -rate 1 curl http://localhost:9999/gpu

Response for a single GPU: [ { "index": 0, "name": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090", "gpu_utilisation": 0, "memory_utilisation": 0, "power_watts": 16, "power_limit_watts": 450, "memory_total_gb": 23.99, "memory_used_gb": 0.46, "memory_free_gb": 23.52, "memory_usage_percent": 2, "temperature": 38, "processes": [], "pcie_link_state": "not managed" } ]

Response for multiple GPUs: [ { "index": 0, "name": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090", "gpu_utilisation": 0, "memory_utilisation": 0, "power_watts": 14, "power_limit_watts": 350, "memory_total_gb": 24, "memory_used_gb": 0.43, "memory_free_gb": 23.57, "memory_usage_percent": 2, "temperature": 36, "processes": [], "pcie_link_state": "not managed" }, { "index": 1, "name": "NVIDIA RTX A4000", "gpu_utilisation": 0, "memory_utilisation": 0, "power_watts": 10, "power_limit_watts": 140, "memory_total_gb": 15.99, "memory_used_gb": 0.56, "memory_free_gb": 15.43, "memory_usage_percent": 3, "temperature": 41, "processes": [], "pcie_link_state": "not managed" } ]

Start at Boot

Create /etc/systemd/system/nvapi.service:

``` [Unit] Description=Run NVapi After=network.target

[Service] Type=simple Environment="GOPATH=/home/ansible/go" WorkingDirectory=/home/ansible/NVapi ExecStart=/usr/bin/go run main.go -port 9999 -rate 1 Restart=always User=ansible

Environment="GPU_TEMP_CHECK_INTERVAL=5"

Environment="GPU_TOTAL_POWER_CAP=400"

Environment="GPU_0_LOW_TEMP=40"

Environment="GPU_0_MEDIUM_TEMP=70"

Environment="GPU_0_LOW_TEMP_LIMIT=135"

Environment="GPU_0_MEDIUM_TEMP_LIMIT=120"

Environment="GPU_0_HIGH_TEMP_LIMIT=100"

Environment="GPU_1_LOW_TEMP=45"

Environment="GPU_1_MEDIUM_TEMP=75"

Environment="GPU_1_LOW_TEMP_LIMIT=140"

Environment="GPU_1_MEDIUM_TEMP_LIMIT=125"

Environment="GPU_1_HIGH_TEMP_LIMIT=110"

[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ```

Home Assistant

Add to Home Assistant configuration.yaml and restart HA (completely).

For a single GPU, this works: ``` sensor: - platform: rest name: MYPC GPU Information resource: http://mypc:9999 method: GET headers: Content-Type: application/json value_template: "{{ value_json[0].index }}" json_attributes: - name - gpu_utilisation - memory_utilisation - power_watts - power_limit_watts - memory_total_gb - memory_used_gb - memory_free_gb - memory_usage_percent - temperature scan_interval: 1 # seconds

• platform: template sensors: mypc_gpu_0_gpu: friendly_name: "MYPC {{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu_information', 'name') }} GPU" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu_information', 'gpu_utilisation') }}" unit_of_measurement: "%" mypc_gpu_0_memory: friendly_name: "MYPC {{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu_information', 'name') }} Memory" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu_information', 'memory_utilisation') }}" unit_of_measurement: "%" mypc_gpu_0_power: friendly_name: "MYPC {{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu_information', 'name') }} Power" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu_information', 'power_watts') }}" unit_of_measurement: "W" mypc_gpu_0_power_limit: friendly_name: "MYPC {{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu_information', 'name') }} Power Limit" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu_information', 'power_limit_watts') }}" unit_of_measurement: "W" mypc_gpu_0_temperature: friendly_name: "MYPC {{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu_information', 'name') }} Temperature" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu_information', 'temperature') }}" unit_of_measurement: "°C" ```

For multiple GPUs: ``` rest: scan_interval: 1 resource: http://mypc:9999 sensor: - name: "MYPC GPU0 Information" value_template: "{{ value_json[0].index }}" json_attributes_path: "$.0" json_attributes: - name - gpu_utilisation - memory_utilisation - power_watts - power_limit_watts - memory_total_gb - memory_used_gb - memory_free_gb - memory_usage_percent - temperature - name: "MYPC GPU1 Information" value_template: "{{ value_json[1].index }}" json_attributes_path: "$.1" json_attributes: - name - gpu_utilisation - memory_utilisation - power_watts - power_limit_watts - memory_total_gb - memory_used_gb - memory_free_gb - memory_usage_percent - temperature

• platform: template sensors: mypc_gpu_0_gpu: friendly_name: "MYPC GPU0 GPU" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu0_information', 'gpu_utilisation') }}" unit_of_measurement: "%" mypc_gpu_0_memory: friendly_name: "MYPC GPU0 Memory" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu0_information', 'memory_utilisation') }}" unit_of_measurement: "%" mypc_gpu_0_power: friendly_name: "MYPC GPU0 Power" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu0_information', 'power_watts') }}" unit_of_measurement: "W" mypc_gpu_0_power_limit: friendly_name: "MYPC GPU0 Power Limit" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu0_information', 'power_limit_watts') }}" unit_of_measurement: "W" mypc_gpu_0_temperature: friendly_name: "MYPC GPU0 Temperature" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu0_information', 'temperature') }}" unit_of_measurement: "C"

• platform: template sensors: mypc_gpu_1_gpu: friendly_name: "MYPC GPU1 GPU" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu1_information', 'gpu_utilisation') }}" unit_of_measurement: "%" mypc_gpu_1_memory: friendly_name: "MYPC GPU1 Memory" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu1_information', 'memory_utilisation') }}" unit_of_measurement: "%" mypc_gpu_1_power: friendly_name: "MYPC GPU1 Power" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu1_information', 'power_watts') }}" unit_of_measurement: "W" mypc_gpu_1_power_limit: friendly_name: "MYPC GPU1 Power Limit" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu1_information', 'power_limit_watts') }}" unit_of_measurement: "W" mypc_gpu_1_temperature: friendly_name: "MYPC GPU1 Temperature" value_template: "{{ state_attr('sensor.mypc_gpu1_information', 'temperature') }}" unit_of_measurement: "C"

```

Basic entity card: type: entities entities: - entity: sensor.mypc_gpu_0_gpu secondary_info: last-updated - entity: sensor.mypc_gpu_0_memory secondary_info: last-updated - entity: sensor.mypc_gpu_0_power secondary_info: last-updated - entity: sensor.mypc_gpu_0_power_limit secondary_info: last-updated - entity: sensor.mypc_gpu_0_temperature secondary_info: last-updated

Ansible Role

```

• name: install go become: true package: name: golang-go state: present

• name: git clone git: repo: "https://github.com/sammcj/NVApi.git" dest: "/home/ansible/NVapi" update: yes force: true

go run main.go -port 9999 -rate 1

• name: install systemd service become: true copy: src: nvapi.service dest: /etc/systemd/system/nvapi.service

• name: Reload systemd daemons, enable, and restart nvapi become: true systemd: name: nvapi daemon_reload: yes enabled: yes state: restarted ```

@ 6f6b50bb:a848e5a1

Che cosa significherebbe trattare l'IA come uno strumento invece che come una persona?

Dall’avvio di ChatGPT, le esplorazioni in due direzioni hanno preso velocità.

La prima direzione riguarda le capacità tecniche. Quanto grande possiamo addestrare un modello? Quanto bene può rispondere alle domande del SAT? Con quanta efficienza possiamo distribuirlo?

La seconda direzione riguarda il design dell’interazione. Come comunichiamo con un modello? Come possiamo usarlo per un lavoro utile? Quale metafora usiamo per ragionare su di esso?

La prima direzione è ampiamente seguita e enormemente finanziata, e per una buona ragione: i progressi nelle capacità tecniche sono alla base di ogni possibile applicazione. Ma la seconda è altrettanto cruciale per il campo e ha enormi incognite. Siamo solo a pochi anni dall’inizio dell’era dei grandi modelli. Quali sono le probabilità che abbiamo già capito i modi migliori per usarli?

Propongo una nuova modalità di interazione, in cui i modelli svolgano il ruolo di applicazioni informatiche (ad esempio app per telefoni): fornendo un’interfaccia grafica, interpretando gli input degli utenti e aggiornando il loro stato. In questa modalità, invece di essere un “agente” che utilizza un computer per conto dell’essere umano, l’IA può fornire un ambiente informatico più ricco e potente che possiamo utilizzare.

Metafore per l’interazione

Al centro di un’interazione c’è una metafora che guida le aspettative di un utente su un sistema. I primi giorni dell’informatica hanno preso metafore come “scrivanie”, “macchine da scrivere”, “fogli di calcolo” e “lettere” e le hanno trasformate in equivalenti digitali, permettendo all’utente di ragionare sul loro comportamento. Puoi lasciare qualcosa sulla tua scrivania e tornare a prenderlo; hai bisogno di un indirizzo per inviare una lettera. Man mano che abbiamo sviluppato una conoscenza culturale di questi dispositivi, la necessità di queste particolari metafore è scomparsa, e con esse i design di interfaccia skeumorfici che le rafforzavano. Come un cestino o una matita, un computer è ora una metafora di se stesso.

La metafora dominante per i grandi modelli oggi è modello-come-persona. Questa è una metafora efficace perché le persone hanno capacità estese che conosciamo intuitivamente. Implica che possiamo avere una conversazione con un modello e porgli domande; che il modello possa collaborare con noi su un documento o un pezzo di codice; che possiamo assegnargli un compito da svolgere da solo e che tornerà quando sarà finito.

Tuttavia, trattare un modello come una persona limita profondamente il nostro modo di pensare all’interazione con esso. Le interazioni umane sono intrinsecamente lente e lineari, limitate dalla larghezza di banda e dalla natura a turni della comunicazione verbale. Come abbiamo tutti sperimentato, comunicare idee complesse in una conversazione è difficile e dispersivo. Quando vogliamo precisione, ci rivolgiamo invece a strumenti, utilizzando manipolazioni dirette e interfacce visive ad alta larghezza di banda per creare diagrammi, scrivere codice e progettare modelli CAD. Poiché concepiamo i modelli come persone, li utilizziamo attraverso conversazioni lente, anche se sono perfettamente in grado di accettare input diretti e rapidi e di produrre risultati visivi. Le metafore che utilizziamo limitano le esperienze che costruiamo, e la metafora modello-come-persona ci impedisce di esplorare il pieno potenziale dei grandi modelli.

Per molti casi d’uso, e specialmente per il lavoro produttivo, credo che il futuro risieda in un’altra metafora: modello-come-computer.

Usare un’IA come un computer

Sotto la metafora modello-come-computer, interagiremo con i grandi modelli seguendo le intuizioni che abbiamo sulle applicazioni informatiche (sia su desktop, tablet o telefono). Nota che ciò non significa che il modello sarà un’app tradizionale più di quanto il desktop di Windows fosse una scrivania letterale. “Applicazione informatica” sarà un modo per un modello di rappresentarsi a noi. Invece di agire come una persona, il modello agirà come un computer.

Agire come un computer significa produrre un’interfaccia grafica. Al posto del flusso lineare di testo in stile telescrivente fornito da ChatGPT, un sistema modello-come-computer genererà qualcosa che somiglia all’interfaccia di un’applicazione moderna: pulsanti, cursori, schede, immagini, grafici e tutto il resto. Questo affronta limitazioni chiave dell’interfaccia di chat standard modello-come-persona:

• Scoperta. Un buon strumento suggerisce i suoi usi. Quando l’unica interfaccia è una casella di testo vuota, spetta all’utente capire cosa fare e comprendere i limiti del sistema. La barra laterale Modifica in Lightroom è un ottimo modo per imparare l’editing fotografico perché non si limita a dirti cosa può fare questa applicazione con una foto, ma cosa potresti voler fare. Allo stesso modo, un’interfaccia modello-come-computer per DALL-E potrebbe mostrare nuove possibilità per le tue generazioni di immagini.

• Efficienza. La manipolazione diretta è più rapida che scrivere una richiesta a parole. Per continuare l’esempio di Lightroom, sarebbe impensabile modificare una foto dicendo a una persona quali cursori spostare e di quanto. Ci vorrebbe un giorno intero per chiedere un’esposizione leggermente più bassa e una vibranza leggermente più alta, solo per vedere come apparirebbe. Nella metafora modello-come-computer, il modello può creare strumenti che ti permettono di comunicare ciò che vuoi più efficientemente e quindi di fare le cose più rapidamente.

A differenza di un’app tradizionale, questa interfaccia grafica è generata dal modello su richiesta. Questo significa che ogni parte dell’interfaccia che vedi è rilevante per ciò che stai facendo in quel momento, inclusi i contenuti specifici del tuo lavoro. Significa anche che, se desideri un’interfaccia più ampia o diversa, puoi semplicemente richiederla. Potresti chiedere a DALL-E di produrre alcuni preset modificabili per le sue impostazioni ispirati da famosi artisti di schizzi. Quando clicchi sul preset Leonardo da Vinci, imposta i cursori per disegni prospettici altamente dettagliati in inchiostro nero. Se clicchi su Charles Schulz, seleziona fumetti tecnicolor 2D a basso dettaglio.

Una bicicletta della mente proteiforme

La metafora modello-come-persona ha una curiosa tendenza a creare distanza tra l’utente e il modello, rispecchiando il divario di comunicazione tra due persone che può essere ridotto ma mai completamente colmato. A causa della difficoltà e del costo di comunicare a parole, le persone tendono a suddividere i compiti tra loro in blocchi grandi e il più indipendenti possibile. Le interfacce modello-come-persona seguono questo schema: non vale la pena dire a un modello di aggiungere un return statement alla tua funzione quando è più veloce scriverlo da solo. Con il sovraccarico della comunicazione, i sistemi modello-come-persona sono più utili quando possono fare un intero blocco di lavoro da soli. Fanno le cose per te.

Questo contrasta con il modo in cui interagiamo con i computer o altri strumenti. Gli strumenti producono feedback visivi in tempo reale e sono controllati attraverso manipolazioni dirette. Hanno un overhead comunicativo così basso che non è necessario specificare un blocco di lavoro indipendente. Ha più senso mantenere l’umano nel loop e dirigere lo strumento momento per momento. Come stivali delle sette leghe, gli strumenti ti permettono di andare più lontano a ogni passo, ma sei ancora tu a fare il lavoro. Ti permettono di fare le cose più velocemente.

Considera il compito di costruire un sito web usando un grande modello. Con le interfacce di oggi, potresti trattare il modello come un appaltatore o un collaboratore. Cercheresti di scrivere a parole il più possibile su come vuoi che il sito appaia, cosa vuoi che dica e quali funzionalità vuoi che abbia. Il modello genererebbe una prima bozza, tu la eseguirai e poi fornirai un feedback. “Fai il logo un po’ più grande”, diresti, e “centra quella prima immagine principale”, e “deve esserci un pulsante di login nell’intestazione”. Per ottenere esattamente ciò che vuoi, invierai una lista molto lunga di richieste sempre più minuziose.

Un’interazione alternativa modello-come-computer sarebbe diversa: invece di costruire il sito web, il modello genererebbe un’interfaccia per te per costruirlo, dove ogni input dell’utente a quell’interfaccia interroga il grande modello sotto il cofano. Forse quando descrivi le tue necessità creerebbe un’interfaccia con una barra laterale e una finestra di anteprima. All’inizio la barra laterale contiene solo alcuni schizzi di layout che puoi scegliere come punto di partenza. Puoi cliccare su ciascuno di essi, e il modello scrive l’HTML per una pagina web usando quel layout e lo visualizza nella finestra di anteprima. Ora che hai una pagina su cui lavorare, la barra laterale guadagna opzioni aggiuntive che influenzano la pagina globalmente, come accoppiamenti di font e schemi di colore. L’anteprima funge da editor WYSIWYG, permettendoti di afferrare elementi e spostarli, modificarne i contenuti, ecc. A supportare tutto ciò è il modello, che vede queste azioni dell’utente e riscrive la pagina per corrispondere ai cambiamenti effettuati. Poiché il modello può generare un’interfaccia per aiutare te e lui a comunicare più efficientemente, puoi esercitare più controllo sul prodotto finale in meno tempo.

La metafora modello-come-computer ci incoraggia a pensare al modello come a uno strumento con cui interagire in tempo reale piuttosto che a un collaboratore a cui assegnare compiti. Invece di sostituire un tirocinante o un tutor, può essere una sorta di bicicletta proteiforme per la mente, una che è sempre costruita su misura esattamente per te e il terreno che intendi attraversare.

Un nuovo paradigma per l’informatica?

I modelli che possono generare interfacce su richiesta sono una frontiera completamente nuova nell’informatica. Potrebbero essere un paradigma del tutto nuovo, con il modo in cui cortocircuitano il modello di applicazione esistente. Dare agli utenti finali il potere di creare e modificare app al volo cambia fondamentalmente il modo in cui interagiamo con i computer. Al posto di una singola applicazione statica costruita da uno sviluppatore, un modello genererà un’applicazione su misura per l’utente e le sue esigenze immediate. Al posto della logica aziendale implementata nel codice, il modello interpreterà gli input dell’utente e aggiornerà l’interfaccia utente. È persino possibile che questo tipo di interfaccia generativa sostituisca completamente il sistema operativo, generando e gestendo interfacce e finestre al volo secondo necessità.

All’inizio, l’interfaccia generativa sarà un giocattolo, utile solo per l’esplorazione creativa e poche altre applicazioni di nicchia. Dopotutto, nessuno vorrebbe un’app di posta elettronica che occasionalmente invia email al tuo ex e mente sulla tua casella di posta. Ma gradualmente i modelli miglioreranno. Anche mentre si spingeranno ulteriormente nello spazio di esperienze completamente nuove, diventeranno lentamente abbastanza affidabili da essere utilizzati per un lavoro reale.

Piccoli pezzi di questo futuro esistono già. Anni fa Jonas Degrave ha dimostrato che ChatGPT poteva fare una buona simulazione di una riga di comando Linux. Allo stesso modo, websim.ai utilizza un LLM per generare siti web su richiesta mentre li navighi. Oasis, GameNGen e DIAMOND addestrano modelli video condizionati sull’azione su singoli videogiochi, permettendoti di giocare ad esempio a Doom dentro un grande modello. E Genie 2 genera videogiochi giocabili da prompt testuali. L’interfaccia generativa potrebbe ancora sembrare un’idea folle, ma non è così folle.

Ci sono enormi domande aperte su come apparirà tutto questo. Dove sarà inizialmente utile l’interfaccia generativa? Come condivideremo e distribuiremo le esperienze che creiamo collaborando con il modello, se esistono solo come contesto di un grande modello? Vorremmo davvero farlo? Quali nuovi tipi di esperienze saranno possibili? Come funzionerà tutto questo in pratica? I modelli genereranno interfacce come codice o produrranno direttamente pixel grezzi?

Non conosco ancora queste risposte. Dovremo sperimentare e scoprirlo!Che cosa significherebbe trattare l'IA come uno strumento invece che come una persona?

Dall’avvio di ChatGPT, le esplorazioni in due direzioni hanno preso velocità.

La prima direzione riguarda le capacità tecniche. Quanto grande possiamo addestrare un modello? Quanto bene può rispondere alle domande del SAT? Con quanta efficienza possiamo distribuirlo?

La seconda direzione riguarda il design dell’interazione. Come comunichiamo con un modello? Come possiamo usarlo per un lavoro utile? Quale metafora usiamo per ragionare su di esso?

La prima direzione è ampiamente seguita e enormemente finanziata, e per una buona ragione: i progressi nelle capacità tecniche sono alla base di ogni possibile applicazione. Ma la seconda è altrettanto cruciale per il campo e ha enormi incognite. Siamo solo a pochi anni dall’inizio dell’era dei grandi modelli. Quali sono le probabilità che abbiamo già capito i modi migliori per usarli?

Propongo una nuova modalità di interazione, in cui i modelli svolgano il ruolo di applicazioni informatiche (ad esempio app per telefoni): fornendo un’interfaccia grafica, interpretando gli input degli utenti e aggiornando il loro stato. In questa modalità, invece di essere un “agente” che utilizza un computer per conto dell’essere umano, l’IA può fornire un ambiente informatico più ricco e potente che possiamo utilizzare.

Metafore per l’interazione

Al centro di un’interazione c’è una metafora che guida le aspettative di un utente su un sistema. I primi giorni dell’informatica hanno preso metafore come “scrivanie”, “macchine da scrivere”, “fogli di calcolo” e “lettere” e le hanno trasformate in equivalenti digitali, permettendo all’utente di ragionare sul loro comportamento. Puoi lasciare qualcosa sulla tua scrivania e tornare a prenderlo; hai bisogno di un indirizzo per inviare una lettera. Man mano che abbiamo sviluppato una conoscenza culturale di questi dispositivi, la necessità di queste particolari metafore è scomparsa, e con esse i design di interfaccia skeumorfici che le rafforzavano. Come un cestino o una matita, un computer è ora una metafora di se stesso.

La metafora dominante per i grandi modelli oggi è modello-come-persona. Questa è una metafora efficace perché le persone hanno capacità estese che conosciamo intuitivamente. Implica che possiamo avere una conversazione con un modello e porgli domande; che il modello possa collaborare con noi su un documento o un pezzo di codice; che possiamo assegnargli un compito da svolgere da solo e che tornerà quando sarà finito.

Tuttavia, trattare un modello come una persona limita profondamente il nostro modo di pensare all’interazione con esso. Le interazioni umane sono intrinsecamente lente e lineari, limitate dalla larghezza di banda e dalla natura a turni della comunicazione verbale. Come abbiamo tutti sperimentato, comunicare idee complesse in una conversazione è difficile e dispersivo. Quando vogliamo precisione, ci rivolgiamo invece a strumenti, utilizzando manipolazioni dirette e interfacce visive ad alta larghezza di banda per creare diagrammi, scrivere codice e progettare modelli CAD. Poiché concepiamo i modelli come persone, li utilizziamo attraverso conversazioni lente, anche se sono perfettamente in grado di accettare input diretti e rapidi e di produrre risultati visivi. Le metafore che utilizziamo limitano le esperienze che costruiamo, e la metafora modello-come-persona ci impedisce di esplorare il pieno potenziale dei grandi modelli.

Per molti casi d’uso, e specialmente per il lavoro produttivo, credo che il futuro risieda in un’altra metafora: modello-come-computer.

Usare un’IA come un computer

Sotto la metafora modello-come-computer, interagiremo con i grandi modelli seguendo le intuizioni che abbiamo sulle applicazioni informatiche (sia su desktop, tablet o telefono). Nota che ciò non significa che il modello sarà un’app tradizionale più di quanto il desktop di Windows fosse una scrivania letterale. “Applicazione informatica” sarà un modo per un modello di rappresentarsi a noi. Invece di agire come una persona, il modello agirà come un computer.

Agire come un computer significa produrre un’interfaccia grafica. Al posto del flusso lineare di testo in stile telescrivente fornito da ChatGPT, un sistema modello-come-computer genererà qualcosa che somiglia all’interfaccia di un’applicazione moderna: pulsanti, cursori, schede, immagini, grafici e tutto il resto. Questo affronta limitazioni chiave dell’interfaccia di chat standard modello-come-persona:

Scoperta. Un buon strumento suggerisce i suoi usi. Quando l’unica interfaccia è una casella di testo vuota, spetta all’utente capire cosa fare e comprendere i limiti del sistema. La barra laterale Modifica in Lightroom è un ottimo modo per imparare l’editing fotografico perché non si limita a dirti cosa può fare questa applicazione con una foto, ma cosa potresti voler fare. Allo stesso modo, un’interfaccia modello-come-computer per DALL-E potrebbe mostrare nuove possibilità per le tue generazioni di immagini.

Efficienza. La manipolazione diretta è più rapida che scrivere una richiesta a parole. Per continuare l’esempio di Lightroom, sarebbe impensabile modificare una foto dicendo a una persona quali cursori spostare e di quanto. Ci vorrebbe un giorno intero per chiedere un’esposizione leggermente più bassa e una vibranza leggermente più alta, solo per vedere come apparirebbe. Nella metafora modello-come-computer, il modello può creare strumenti che ti permettono di comunicare ciò che vuoi più efficientemente e quindi di fare le cose più rapidamente.

A differenza di un’app tradizionale, questa interfaccia grafica è generata dal modello su richiesta. Questo significa che ogni parte dell’interfaccia che vedi è rilevante per ciò che stai facendo in quel momento, inclusi i contenuti specifici del tuo lavoro. Significa anche che, se desideri un’interfaccia più ampia o diversa, puoi semplicemente richiederla. Potresti chiedere a DALL-E di produrre alcuni preset modificabili per le sue impostazioni ispirati da famosi artisti di schizzi. Quando clicchi sul preset Leonardo da Vinci, imposta i cursori per disegni prospettici altamente dettagliati in inchiostro nero. Se clicchi su Charles Schulz, seleziona fumetti tecnicolor 2D a basso dettaglio.

Una bicicletta della mente proteiforme

La metafora modello-come-persona ha una curiosa tendenza a creare distanza tra l’utente e il modello, rispecchiando il divario di comunicazione tra due persone che può essere ridotto ma mai completamente colmato. A causa della difficoltà e del costo di comunicare a parole, le persone tendono a suddividere i compiti tra loro in blocchi grandi e il più indipendenti possibile. Le interfacce modello-come-persona seguono questo schema: non vale la pena dire a un modello di aggiungere un return statement alla tua funzione quando è più veloce scriverlo da solo. Con il sovraccarico della comunicazione, i sistemi modello-come-persona sono più utili quando possono fare un intero blocco di lavoro da soli. Fanno le cose per te.

Questo contrasta con il modo in cui interagiamo con i computer o altri strumenti. Gli strumenti producono feedback visivi in tempo reale e sono controllati attraverso manipolazioni dirette. Hanno un overhead comunicativo così basso che non è necessario specificare un blocco di lavoro indipendente. Ha più senso mantenere l’umano nel loop e dirigere lo strumento momento per momento. Come stivali delle sette leghe, gli strumenti ti permettono di andare più lontano a ogni passo, ma sei ancora tu a fare il lavoro. Ti permettono di fare le cose più velocemente.

Considera il compito di costruire un sito web usando un grande modello. Con le interfacce di oggi, potresti trattare il modello come un appaltatore o un collaboratore. Cercheresti di scrivere a parole il più possibile su come vuoi che il sito appaia, cosa vuoi che dica e quali funzionalità vuoi che abbia. Il modello genererebbe una prima bozza, tu la eseguirai e poi fornirai un feedback. “Fai il logo un po’ più grande”, diresti, e “centra quella prima immagine principale”, e “deve esserci un pulsante di login nell’intestazione”. Per ottenere esattamente ciò che vuoi, invierai una lista molto lunga di richieste sempre più minuziose.

Un’interazione alternativa modello-come-computer sarebbe diversa: invece di costruire il sito web, il modello genererebbe un’interfaccia per te per costruirlo, dove ogni input dell’utente a quell’interfaccia interroga il grande modello sotto il cofano. Forse quando descrivi le tue necessità creerebbe un’interfaccia con una barra laterale e una finestra di anteprima. All’inizio la barra laterale contiene solo alcuni schizzi di layout che puoi scegliere come punto di partenza. Puoi cliccare su ciascuno di essi, e il modello scrive l’HTML per una pagina web usando quel layout e lo visualizza nella finestra di anteprima. Ora che hai una pagina su cui lavorare, la barra laterale guadagna opzioni aggiuntive che influenzano la pagina globalmente, come accoppiamenti di font e schemi di colore. L’anteprima funge da editor WYSIWYG, permettendoti di afferrare elementi e spostarli, modificarne i contenuti, ecc. A supportare tutto ciò è il modello, che vede queste azioni dell’utente e riscrive la pagina per corrispondere ai cambiamenti effettuati. Poiché il modello può generare un’interfaccia per aiutare te e lui a comunicare più efficientemente, puoi esercitare più controllo sul prodotto finale in meno tempo.

La metafora modello-come-computer ci incoraggia a pensare al modello come a uno strumento con cui interagire in tempo reale piuttosto che a un collaboratore a cui assegnare compiti. Invece di sostituire un tirocinante o un tutor, può essere una sorta di bicicletta proteiforme per la mente, una che è sempre costruita su misura esattamente per te e il terreno che intendi attraversare.

Un nuovo paradigma per l’informatica?

I modelli che possono generare interfacce su richiesta sono una frontiera completamente nuova nell’informatica. Potrebbero essere un paradigma del tutto nuovo, con il modo in cui cortocircuitano il modello di applicazione esistente. Dare agli utenti finali il potere di creare e modificare app al volo cambia fondamentalmente il modo in cui interagiamo con i computer. Al posto di una singola applicazione statica costruita da uno sviluppatore, un modello genererà un’applicazione su misura per l’utente e le sue esigenze immediate. Al posto della logica aziendale implementata nel codice, il modello interpreterà gli input dell’utente e aggiornerà l’interfaccia utente. È persino possibile che questo tipo di interfaccia generativa sostituisca completamente il sistema operativo, generando e gestendo interfacce e finestre al volo secondo necessità.

All’inizio, l’interfaccia generativa sarà un giocattolo, utile solo per l’esplorazione creativa e poche altre applicazioni di nicchia. Dopotutto, nessuno vorrebbe un’app di posta elettronica che occasionalmente invia email al tuo ex e mente sulla tua casella di posta. Ma gradualmente i modelli miglioreranno. Anche mentre si spingeranno ulteriormente nello spazio di esperienze completamente nuove, diventeranno lentamente abbastanza affidabili da essere utilizzati per un lavoro reale.

Piccoli pezzi di questo futuro esistono già. Anni fa Jonas Degrave ha dimostrato che ChatGPT poteva fare una buona simulazione di una riga di comando Linux. Allo stesso modo, websim.ai utilizza un LLM per generare siti web su richiesta mentre li navighi. Oasis, GameNGen e DIAMOND addestrano modelli video condizionati sull’azione su singoli videogiochi, permettendoti di giocare ad esempio a Doom dentro un grande modello. E Genie 2 genera videogiochi giocabili da prompt testuali. L’interfaccia generativa potrebbe ancora sembrare un’idea folle, ma non è così folle.

Ci sono enormi domande aperte su come apparirà tutto questo. Dove sarà inizialmente utile l’interfaccia generativa? Come condivideremo e distribuiremo le esperienze che creiamo collaborando con il modello, se esistono solo come contesto di un grande modello? Vorremmo davvero farlo? Quali nuovi tipi di esperienze saranno possibili? Come funzionerà tutto questo in pratica? I modelli genereranno interfacce come codice o produrranno direttamente pixel grezzi?

Non conosco ancora queste risposte. Dovremo sperimentare e scoprirlo!

Tradotto da:\ https://willwhitney.com/computing-inside-ai.htmlhttps://willwhitney.com/computing-inside-ai.html

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Autor: Lilly Gebert. Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier. Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie in unserem Telegram-Kanal.

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Die neuesten Artikel der Friedenstaube gibt es jetzt auch im eigenen Friedenstaube-Telegram-Kanal.

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Wie fühlst Du dich, nachdem Du mit deinem Partner oder deiner Partnerin, oder sonst einem Menschen geschlafen hast – nachdem der Drang und die Erregung ein Ende gefunden haben? Gut – oder schlecht? Befriedigt – oder unbefriedigt? Verbunden – oder getrennt? Erfüllt – oder leer? Was geht dir durch den Kopf? Warum überhaupt geht dir irgendetwas durch den Kopf? Warum bleibst Du dich nicht in deinem Körper – in seiner noch anhaltenden Nähe zu dem Körper, mit dem Du gerade noch eins warst? Vielleicht weil Du dich davon ablenken möchtest, dass ihr gerade dies nicht wart? Dass ihr nicht «eins» wart; sondern zwei, die für einen Moment Druck abgelassen haben – ohne höheren Sinn und ohne tieferes Gefühl? Ist das der Grund, weswegen Du lieber in die Verklärungen deines Verstandes abdriftest, anstatt die gerade erlebte Verbindung noch etwas in deinem Körper nachklingen zu lassen? Ist das allgemein der Grund, weswegen Du lieber in Rationalitäten lebst? Um dir nicht eingestehen zu müssen, wie unverbunden Du wirklich bist? Wie unverbunden und allein, ohne tiefere Verbindung zu dir oder einem anderen Menschen? Ist es das? Ist es das, was Du einfach nicht wahrhaben kannst? Und weswegen Du lieber die Masse an Oberflächlichkeit suchst, um bloß nie in einer Beziehung zu enden, in der Du an deine eigene Unfähigkeit erinnert wirst, gerade dies zu sein – in Beziehung?

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Vielleicht beginnt alle Trennung dieser Welt mit der Verwechslung von Sex und Nähe, Nähe und Liebe, als auch Liebe und Frieden. Du sehnst dich nach dem einen und jagst doch dem anderen hinterher. Wie kann das sein?

Liegt es daran, dass Du als Kind keine stabilen Beziehungen erfahren hast und diese aus dem Grund auch im Erwachsenenalter nicht leben kannst? Hast Du einst schlechte Erfahrungen mit Intimität und Nähe gemacht, aufgrund derer etwas in dir diese fortwährend verhindert, um dich zu «schützen»? Hältst Du dich selbst für nicht liebenswert und kannst deshalb auch im Außen keine Liebe annehmen? Oder hast Du Angst davor, durch die Nähe und Berührung eines anderen Menschen von etwas in dir selbst berührt zu werden, an dessen Existenz Du nicht erinnert werden möchtest?

Falls ja, warum gehst Du dann fortwährend «Beziehungen» zu anderen Menschen ein, bevor Du nicht die Beziehung zu dir selbst geklärt hast? Hast Du wirklich so sehr verlernt zu lieben und so weit vergessen, was Liebe ist, dass Du dich damit zufriedengibst? Ich glaube kaum. Und ich glaube, Du spürst das auch. Ganz tief in dir sehnt auch deine Seele sich nach einer Begegnung, in der Du nichts von dir zurückhalten musst. In der Du ganz, und damit ganz Du sein kannst.

Doch was machst Du stattdessen? Du unterdrückst diese Sehnsucht, verneinst deinen innersten Herzenswunsch nach Berührung, nach Nähe, nach Liebe. Und damit auch jedes Bedürfnis, was mit seinem ausbleibenden Ausdruck ebenfalls unterdrückt wird. Langsam, ganz langsam hörst Du auf, über deine Gefühle zu sprechen, Du hörst auf, deine Grenzen zu wahren, das zu machen, was dich dir selbst näherbringt. Auf diese Weise machst Du dich selbst nicht nur immer kleiner, Du entfernst dich auch zusehends von deiner eigenen Lebendigkeit – dem eigentlichen Schlüssel zu jeder Beziehung, die nicht von Besitz und Lustbefriedigung, sondern von Selbstsein und Nähe getragen wird.

Falsche Versprechen: Verbindung statt Symbiose

Erich Fromm war es, der mit seinem 1956 erschienenen und insgesamt über 25 Millionen Mal verkauften Werk «Die Kunst des Liebens» erstmals herausgearbeitet hat, wie zerstörerisch unsere moderne Konsumgesellschaft doch für die Art und Weise ist, wie wir Beziehungen eingehen. Nicht nur die untereinander und zu uns selbst, sondern auch die zu Tier und Natur. Liebe, so schreibt Fromm, ist allem voran eine Haltung des Seins, nicht des Habens. Es gehe nicht darum, den anderen zu besitzen oder von ihm in Besitz genommen zu werden. Nicht Verschmelzung sei das Ziel, sondern das Selbstsein mit, oder auch trotz, der anderen Person.

Ohne dieses Selbstsein, das durch den modernen Glauben, alles sei käuflich, insofern untergraben wurde, dass nun auch der Mensch und seine Beziehungen als Objekte betrachtet würden, gäbe es laut Fromm keine Nähe – und ohne Nähe keinen wahren Frieden. «Sexualität», so schreibt er, könne «ein Mittel sein, um die Isolation zu überwinden – aber sie kann auch ein Ersatz für Liebe sein.» Womit ich hinzufügen würde: Wie Sexualität ein Ersatz für Liebe sein kann, so werden heute Konsum, Sicherheit und Ablenkung zum Ersatz für wahren Frieden. Und gleich wie Nähe zur Illusion von Intimität werden kann, werden falsche Sicherheitsversprechen oft zur Maskerade des Friedens – einer Stille, die nichts heilt.

Das ist der Zustand unserer Zeit: Sexualität ersetzt Liebe, Waffen ersetzen Frieden. Doch genauso wie Sex in Wahrheit keine Liebe ersetzt, ersetzt auch ein Wettrüsten keinen Frieden. Beides täuscht Nähe und Sicherheit vor, wo eigentlich Distanz und Kälte herrschen. Von ihnen eingenommen, hältst Du die Liebe, die dein Körper imitiert, für echt, und die äußere Ordnung, die dir simuliert wird, für den Frieden, von dem Du glauben, Du würdest ihn in dir tragen. Dabei bleibt beides leer, wenn dein Herz nicht mitgeht. Da ist weder Ordnung im Außen, noch Frieden in deinem Innern. Was herrscht, ist Krieg. Innen wie außen.

Wut im Innern, Krieg im Außen

Wer Nähe meidet, verlernt Frieden. Denn Frieden beginnt dort, wo Du aushältst, was ist. Nicht im Politischen, sondern in deiner eigenen Gerichtskammer: dem Austarieren und Verhandeln der eigenen Gefühle und Bedürfnisse – dem Eingeständnis, dass am Ende nicht der Sex das Problem ist, sondern dein Umgang mit Nähe; deine Unfähigkeit, mit dir selbst in Frieden zu sein – und dies darum auch mit dem Rest der Welt nicht bist. Nenn’ es Karma, das Gesetz der Anziehung oder eine traumatische Rückkopplungsschleife; aber wo immer Du diesen Blick nicht vom Außen zurück auf das Minenfeld in dir wendest, wird sich sein Krieg solange fortsetzen, bis Du der Wut, die mit ihm in dir hochkocht, Dampf verschaffst. Ob auf konstruktive oder destruktive Weise hängt davon ab, wie früh Du sie als das erkennst, woraus sie sich speist: deine unterdrückten Gefühle.

«Das grundsätzliche Ausweichen vor dem Wesentlichen ist das Problem des Menschen.» – Wilhelm Reich

In dieser Hinsicht noch radikaler als Fromm ging Wilhelm Reich vor. Als Schüler Sigmund Freuds sah er sexuelle Unterdrückung als Wurzel aller gesellschaftlichen Gewalt. Nur wer sexuell befreit sei – im Sinne von energetisch gelöst und beziehungsfähig – könne inneren Frieden erfahren. Ginge es nach Reich, so hängt gesellschaftlicher Frieden unmittelbar davon ab, wie weit es uns gelingt, uns körperlich zu entpanzern und emotional zu öffnen. Womit sein Ansatz in der Idee gipfelte, dass die gesellschaftliche Ordnung nicht durch äußere Gesetze, sondern durch die innere Struktur des Einzelnen geprägt wird. Diametral zu Marx, demzufolge es nicht das Bewusstsein der Menschen sei, das ihr Sein bestimmt, sondern umgekehrt ihr gesellschaftliches Sein, das ihr Bewusstsein bestimmt, beschrieb Reich also, wie emotionale Blockaden im Körper verankert seien und sich dort als chronische Spannungen manifestierten. Diese Panzerungen würden nicht nur freie Gefühlsäußerung verhindern, sondern stauten auch lebendige Energie an, was zu Aggression, Entfremdung und letztlich zu kollektiver Gewalt führen könne. Frieden, so Reich, beginne nicht in politischen Institutionen, sondern in der Fähigkeit des Einzelnen, Angst und Abwehr abzubauen, sich selbst zu spüren – und andere nicht als Bedrohung, sondern als lebendige Gegenüber wahrzunehmen.

Warum wir dies scheinbar nicht mehr können, warum aber kein Weg daran vorbeiführt, über den Frieden in uns heilsame Beziehungen einzugehen, wollen wir den Frieden auch außerhalb von uns – in der Welt, folgt im zweiten Teil dieses Texts.

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Lilly Gebert betreibt den Substack-Blog "Treffpunkt im Unendlichen" und schreibt regelmäßig für "die Freien" und Manova. Zuletzt erschien von ihr "Das Gewicht der Welt". Im Herbst erscheint "Sein statt Haben. Enzyklopädie für eine neue Zeit." (vorbestellbar).

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Christmas season hasn't actually started, yet, in Roman #Catholic Germany. We're in Advent until the evening of the 24th of December, at which point Christmas begins (with the Nativity, at Vespers), and continues on for 40 days until Mariä Lichtmess (Presentation of Christ in the temple) on February 2nd.

It's 40 days because that's how long the post-partum isolation is, before women were allowed back into the temple (after a ritual cleansing).

That is the day when we put away all of the Christmas decorations and bless the candles, for the next year. (Hence, the British name "Candlemas".) It used to also be when household staff would get paid their cash wages and could change employer. And it is the day precisely in the middle of winter.

Between Christmas Eve and Candlemas are many celebrations, concluding with the Twelfth Night called Epiphany or Theophany. This is the day some Orthodox celebrate Christ's baptism, so traditions rotate around blessing of waters.

The Monday after Epiphany was the start of the farming season, in England, so that Sunday all of the ploughs were blessed, but the practice has largely died out.

Our local tradition is for the altar servers to dress as the wise men and go door-to-door, carrying their star and looking for the Baby Jesus, who is rumored to be lying in a manger.

They collect cash gifts and chocolates, along the way, and leave the generous their powerful blessing, written over the door. The famous 20 * C + M + B * 25 blessing means "Christus mansionem benedicat" (Christ, bless this house), or "Caspar, Melchior, Balthasar" (the names of the three kings), depending upon who you ask.

They offer the cash to the Baby Jesus (once they find him in the church's Nativity scene), but eat the sweets, themselves. It is one of the biggest donation-collections in the world, called the "Sternsinger" (star singers). The money goes from the German children, to help children elsewhere, and they collect around €45 million in cash and coins, every year.

As an interesting aside:

The American "groundhog day", derives from one of the old farmers' sayings about Candlemas, brought over by the Pennsylvania Dutch. It says, that if the badger comes out of his hole and sees his shadow, then it'll remain cold for 4 more weeks. When they moved to the USA, they didn't have any badgers around, so they switched to groundhogs, as they also hibernate in winter.

@ d0bf8568:4db3e76f

Depuis sa création en 2009, Bitcoin suscite débats passionnés. Pour certains, il s’agit d’une tentative utopique d’émancipation du pouvoir étatique, inspirée par une philosophie libertarienne radicale. Pour d’autres, c'est une réponse pragmatique à un système monétaire mondial jugé défaillant. Ces deux perspectives, souvent opposées, méritent d’être confrontées pour mieux comprendre les enjeux et les limites de cette révolution monétaire.

La critique économique de Bitcoin

David Cayla, dans ses dernières contributions, perçoit Bitcoin comme une tentative de réaliser une « utopie libertarienne ». Selon lui, les inventeurs des cryptomonnaies cherchent à créer une monnaie détachée de l’État et des rapports sociaux traditionnels, en s’inspirant de l’école autrichienne d’économie. Cette école, incarnée par des penseurs comme Friedrich Hayek, prône une monnaie privée et indépendante de l’intervention politique.

Cayla reproche à Bitcoin de nier la dimension intrinsèquement sociale et politique de la monnaie. Pour lui, toute monnaie repose sur la confiance collective et la régulation étatique. En rendant la monnaie exogène et dénuée de dette, Bitcoin chercherait à éviter les interactions sociales au profit d’une logique purement individuelle. Selon cette analyse, Bitcoin serait une illusion, incapable de remplacer les monnaies traditionnelles qui sont des « biens publics » soutenus par des institutions.

Cependant, cette critique semble minimiser la légitimité des motivations derrière Bitcoin. La crise financière de 2008, marquée par des abus systémiques et des sauvetages bancaires controversés, a largement érodé la confiance dans les systèmes monétaires centralisés. Bitcoin n’est pas qu’une réaction idéologique : c’est une tentative de créer un système monétaire transparent, immuable et résistant aux manipulations.

La perspective maximaliste

Pour les bitcoiners, Bitcoin n’est pas une utopie mais une réponse pragmatique à un problème réel : la centralisation excessive et les défaillances des monnaies fiat. Contrairement à ce que Cayla affirme, Bitcoin ne cherche pas à nier la société, mais à protéger les individus de la coercition étatique. En déplaçant la confiance des institutions vers un protocole neutre et transparent, Bitcoin redéfinit les bases des échanges monétaires.

L’accusation selon laquelle Bitcoin serait « asocial » ignore son écosystème communautaire mondial. Les bitcoiners collaborent activement à l’amélioration du réseau, organisent des événements éducatifs et développent des outils inclusifs. Bitcoin n’est pas un rejet des rapports sociaux, mais une tentative de les reconstruire sur des bases plus justes et transparentes.

Un maximaliste insisterait également sur l’émergence historique de la monnaie. Contrairement à l’idée que l’État aurait toujours créé la monnaie, de nombreux exemples montrent que celle-ci émergeait souvent du marché, avant d’être capturée par les gouvernements pour financer des guerres ou imposer des monopoles. Bitcoin réintroduit une monnaie à l’abri des manipulations politiques, similaire aux systèmes basés sur l’or, mais en mieux : numérique, immuable et accessible.

Utopie contre réalité

Si Cayla critique l’absence de dette dans Bitcoin, Nous y voyons une vertu. La « monnaie-dette » actuelle repose sur un système de création monétaire inflationniste qui favorise les inégalités et l’érosion du pouvoir d’achat. En limitant son offre à 21 millions d’unités, Bitcoin offre une alternative saine et prévisible, loin des politiques monétaires arbitraires.

Cependant, les maximalistes ne nient pas que Bitcoin ait encore des défis à relever. La volatilité de sa valeur, sa complexité technique pour les nouveaux utilisateurs, et les tensions entre réglementation et liberté individuelle sont des questions ouvertes. Mais pour autant, ces épreuves ne remettent pas en cause sa pertinence. Au contraire, elles illustrent l’importance de réfléchir à des modèles alternatifs.

Conclusion : un débat essentiel

Bitcoin n’est pas une utopie libertarienne, mais une révolution monétaire sans précédent. Les critiques de Cayla, bien qu’intellectuellement stimulantes, manquent de saisir l’essence de Bitcoin : une monnaie qui libère les individus des abus systémiques des États et des institutions centralisées. Loin de simplement avoir un « potentiel », Bitcoin est déjà en train de redéfinir les rapports entre la monnaie, la société et la liberté. Bitcoin offre une expérience unique : celle d’une monnaie mondiale, neutre et décentralisée, qui redonne le pouvoir aux individus. Que l’on soit sceptique ou enthousiaste, il est clair que Bitcoin oblige à repenser les rapports entre monnaie, société et État.

En fin de compte, le débat sur Bitcoin n’est pas seulement une querelle sur sa légitimité, mais une interrogation sur la manière dont il redessine les rapports sociaux et sociétaux autour de la monnaie. En rendant le pouvoir monétaire à chaque individu, Bitcoin propose un modèle où les interactions économiques peuvent être réalisées sans coercition, renforçant ainsi la confiance mutuelle et les communautés globales. Cette discussion, loin d’être close, ne fait que commencer.

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E-commerce store owners can now integrate Bitcoin payments into their WooCommerce shops using the LNbits WooCommerce plugin. This plugin supports payments using the Bitcoin Lightning Network and on-chain Bitcoin, providing merchants with flexible options to accept Bitcoin.

Integration with Bitcoin Payments

The LNbits WooCommerce plugin enables online merchants to accept Bitcoin payments easily. It uses LNbits to handle Bitcoin Lightning and traditional on-chain transactions, offering customers efficient payment methods.

Recent updates include support for Gutenberg block checkout integration, ensuring compatibility with the latest WooCommerce versions and improving the checkout experience for merchants and customers alike.

How the LNbits Plugin Works

The plugin integrates with LNbits through the Satspay Server extension. Lightning Network transactions are handled by LNbits. Merchants can manage on-chain payments via LNbits' Watch-only wallet extension.

Setup Steps for Merchants

The setup process for the LNbits WooCommerce plugin involves a few simple steps:

1. Run an LNbits instance – either self-host or use the LNbits SaaS service at saas.lnbits.com.
2. Install the Satspay Server extension within your LNbits instance.
3. Add the LNbits plugin to your WordPress site.
4. Configure the plugin via WooCommerce admin panel under WooCommerce > Settings > Payments.

Start Accepting Bitcoin Payments

By accepting Bitcoin payments, merchants offer customers a secure and efficient alternative payment method. Integrating the LNbits WooCommerce plugin is straightforward and aligns with the increasing adoption of cryptocurrency in online retail.

For further details, visit the official plugin page:

WordPress Plugin Directory – LNbits Bitcoin Onchain and Lightning Payment Gateway

@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b

背景与研究范围

Backpack 是由多名前 FTX 和 Alameda 员工在 FTX 崩盘后创立的一家加密交易平台，与 Amber Group（一家大型加密金融服务商）和已倒闭的交易所 FTX 之间可能存在多重隐秘关联。本研究超越公开新闻，从团队延续、资金路径、合规架构、基础设施复用和链上迹象等角度，推理分析三者之间的联系。下文将分别讨论：团队与股权延续性、法币出金（稳定币清算）架构、Amber Group 的支持角色、Circle/Equals Money 等第三方的关联，以及“交叉代币解锁”机制的可能性，并给出关键证据与信息缺口。

团队与股权上的延续性

首先，在团队方面，Backpack 由多名 FTX/Alameda 前成员创立。据报道，Backpack 的联合创始人包括前 Alameda Research 早期员工 Armani Ferrante，以及 FTX 前总法律顾问 Can Suncoinspeaker.com；另一位联合创始人 Tristan Yver 也曾任职于 FTX/Alamedanftgators.com。据 CoinSpeaker 披露，Backpack 40名员工中至少有5人是 FTX 前员工coinspeaker.com。这表明 Backpack 在团队传承上与 FTX 存在明显延续。一方面，创始团队直接来自原 FTX 帝国的核心人员；另一方面，他们将过往在大型交易所积累的经验带入了 Backpack。

其次，在股权投资方面也有延续痕迹。早在2022年9月，Backpack 背后的公司 Coral 即获得了由 FTX Ventures 领投的2000万美元种子轮融资，用于开发 Backpack xNFT 钱包等产品nftgators.com。然而由于2022年11月FTX暴雷，这笔来自 FTX 的投资资金大部分被冻结损失nftgators.com。在经历了资金困难的“蟑螂生存模式”后，Backpack 团队于2023-2024年重新融资，成功在2024年2月完成1700万美元的 A 轮融资nftgators.com。值得注意的是，此轮融资的投资阵容中出现了 Amber Group 的身影nftgators.com。Amber Group 与 Placeholder、Hashed、Wintermute 等知名机构共同参与了该轮融资coinspeaker.com。这意味着 Amber 已经成为 Backpack 股东之一，在股权上建立了联系。此外，Jump Crypto 和 Delphi Digital 等与 FTX时代关系密切的机构也参与了投资nftgators.com。综上， Backpack 的股东和团队构成反映出明显的历史延续：既有原FTX系资本（FTX Ventures）和人员直接过渡，也有 Amber Group 等行业巨头在FTX倒台后入场接棒投资，为 Backpack 提供资金和资源支持。

法币出金架构与 USDC 清算渠道

FTX 时代的稳定币清算： 为了解 Backpack 是否继承了 FTX 的 USDC 清算架构，需要回顾 FTX 过往的法币出入金体系。FTX 在运营高峰时期，以其流畅的出入金和稳定币兑换闻名。用户可以将 USDC 等稳定币充值到 FTX 并直接视同美元资产使用，提取时又能以银行电汇方式取出美元，过程中几乎无汇兑损耗。这背后可能依赖于 FTX 与 Circle 等机构的直接清算合作，以及自有银行网络的支持。例如，Circle 提供的企业账户服务可以让像FTX这样的平台在后台实现USDC与美元的1:1兑换与清算circle.com。事实上，FTX 曾是 USDC 的主要场景之一，大量用户通过将美元换成 USDC 再转入FTX进行交易，从而绕过昂贵的跨境汇款费用。FTX 很可能建立了高效的稳定币兑换通道——例如通过 Silvergate 银行网络或与稳定币发行方直接交割——来实现低成本、快速的法币⇄USDC 转换。这套“USDC 清算架构”是FTX业务成功的重要基础之一。

Backpack 的出金方案： Backpack 作为新兴交易所，近期正式推出了类似的法币⇄稳定币出入金功能，并号称实现了“0费率”的美元/USDC转换panewslab.com。根据官方公告，从2025年5月起，Backpack Exchange 用户可以通过电汇方式充值和提取美元，且美元与USDC的兑换不收取任何手续费panewslab.com。这与FTX当年提供的低成本稳定币出入金体验如出一辙，表明 Backpack 很可能在复用或重建一种高效的清算架构。

与FTX相比，Backpack 并未公开具体采用了何种技术/金融渠道来实现0手续费。但通过社区测试和代码线索，可以推测其架构与FTX思路相似：首先， Backpack 将美元法币与USDC稳定币视为等价资产开放存取，用户电汇美元到账后在平台得到USDC或美元余额，提币时可用USDC直接提走或兑换成美元汇出。其次， Backpack 可能通过与稳定币发行方Circle的合作，或通过场外流动性方，将用户的USDC和法币进行实时对冲清算。Circle提供的API允许合规企业账户方便地将USDC兑换为美元存入银行账户circle.com；Backpack 很可能利用了这一渠道，在后台完成USDC的兑换，再通过银行网络把美元汇给用户。虽然Backpack官方未明言使用Circle，但其USDC通道开放的举措本身就体现了Circle所倡导的稳定币跨境支付应用场景circle.com。因此，从设计上看，Backpack 的法币出入金体系是对FTX模式的一种延续和致敬，即充分利用稳定币作为清算中介，实现跨境汇款的低成本与高效率。

银行网络与 Equals Money： 更有意思的是，有社区用户实测 Backpack 的美元提现，发现汇款发起方显示为“Equals Money PLC”btcxiaolinzi.top。Equals Money 是英国一家持有FCA牌照的电子货币机构(EMI)，为企业提供银行转账和外汇服务btcxiaolinzi.top。测试者推断，Backpack 可能在 Equals Money 开立了企业账户，用于代替传统银行向用户汇出美元btcxiaolinzi.top。这一细节揭示了Backpack出金架构的实现路径：Backpack 很可能将待提现的USDC通过某种方式兑换成法币并存入其在Equals Money的账户，由后者完成跨境电汇至用户收款银行。由于Equals Money本质上连接着欧洲和国际支付网络，Backpack借助它可以避开美国传统银行的限制，为全球用户（包括无法直接与美国持牌银行打交道的用户）提供出金服务。这一点在FTX时代并未被广泛报道，但符合FTX/Alameda团队擅长搭建复杂金融通道的作风。由此推断， Backpack 确实在承袭FTX时期的清算理念：利用多层金融机构合作（如稳定币发行方、电子货币机构等），构筑高效的全球资金出入网络。在表面0手续费的背后，可能是由Backpack或其合作方（如做市商）承担了兑换成本，以吸引用户panewslab.com。目前这一体系已进入公开测试及运营阶段，随着更多支付方式（ACH、SEPA）的推出，Backpack正逐步完善其全球法币出入金矩阵panewslab.com。

Amber Group 的潜在支持角色

作为Backpack的重要战略投资方，Amber Group 在该体系中可能扮演多重支持角色。首先是资金层面： Amber参与了Backpack的A轮融资nftgators.com并获得股权，这意味着Amber对Backpack的发展具有直接利益。在FTX倒闭后，Amber选择投资由FTX前团队创立的新交易所，体现出其对这支团队能力和商业模式的认可。Amber本身是知名的加密市场做市和金融服务公司，管理着庞大的资产并具备深厚的流动性提供能力dailycoin.com。因此可以合理推测，Amber除了资本投入，还可能作为做市商为Backpack的交易提供充足的流动性支持，确保用户在Backpack上交易时有良好的市场深度和稳定的价格。这种隐性支持符合许多交易所背后有大做市商“站台”的行业惯例。尤其Backpack定位要提供低成本的稳定币兑换和跨链流动性，Amber在稳定币交易市场的经验和库存或可帮助其维持汇率稳定。

其次是技术与基础设施支持： Amber Group 多年来构建了自己的交易系统（包括托管、风控和前端应用，如之前面向零售的 WhaleFin 应用）。尽管目前未有公开信息表明Backpack直接复用了Amber的技术，但不排除Amber在底层架构上提供咨询或授权支持的可能。例如，Amber深耕多链资产管理和清算，其内部API或合规方案可能对Backpack搭建跨法币/加密的基础设施有所启发。双方如果有合作，极有可能保持低调以避免监管敏感。还有一种支持形式是隐性投资或子基金合作： Amber可能通过旗下基金或关联投资工具，持有Backpack相关业务的权益而不公开身份。然而截至目前，我们尚未发现明确证据证明Amber有这种“隐形”持股行为——Amber作为领投方之一出现于公开融资名单，说明其支持主要还是以正式股权投资和业务协作的方式进行coinspeaker.com。

第三是合规与网络资源： Amber在全球（尤其亚洲）拥有广泛的业务网络和合规资源。Backpack注册在阿联酋迪拜，并计划拓展美国、日本、欧洲等市场learn.backpack.exchangelearn.backpack.exchange。Amber总部位于亚洲（最初在香港，新加坡等地开展业务），对东亚和东南亚市场非常了解。Amber的联合创始人团队中有合规专家，曾帮助公司获取多地牌照。Backpack的联合创始人之一（Can Sun）本身是前FTX法务，这保证了内部合规经验，但Amber的外部资源也可能提供协助。例如，Amber在香港与监管机构打交道的经验，或许有助于Backpack寻求香港或东南亚牌照；Amber在银行业和支付领域的关系网络，也可能帮助Backpack连接银行通道（如引荐像Equals Money这样的机构）。虽然这方面多属于推测，但考虑到Amber投资后通常会积极赋能被投企业，Backpack有理由从Amber处获得合规咨询、市场拓展等方面的帮助。

总的来看，Amber Group 对 Backpack 的支持可能是**“润物细无声”**式的：既体现在台前的融资与做市合作，也体现在幕后的资源共享和经验输出。这种支持帮助Backpack在短时间内补齐了从交易技术到法币通道的诸多要素，使其有能力低成本快速上线类似FTX当年的核心功能（如稳定币快速出入金）。然而，由于双方都未公开详述合作细节，我们对Amber介入的深度仍缺乏直接证据，只能从结果倒推其可能性。

Circle、Equals Money 等第三方的关联

在Backpack、FTX与Amber的关系网络中，Circle和Equals Money等第三方机构扮演了关键“节点”，它们的出现为三者合作提供了基础设施支撑：

• Circle（USDC发行方）： Circle公司本身与FTX及Backpack都有千丝万缕的业务联系。FTX在世时是USDC重要的使用方，帮助USDC拓展了交易所场景；FTX垮台后，Backpack继续扛起“稳定币交易所”的大旗，大量采用USDC作为美元计价和清算工具panewslab.com。虽然我们没有公开材料直接指出Backpack已与Circle签署合作协议，但Backpack推出USD/USDC通道的举措实际是在推动USDC的使用，这与Circle致力于扩大USDC应用的战略不谋而合circle.com。Circle近年来打造跨境支付网络，与多家交易平台和金融机构合作提供法币-稳定币转换服务circle.com。因此，有理由相信Backpack在后台利用了Circle的流动性或API来实现用户提币时的USDC兑换和赎回。比如，当用户在Backpack提取美元，Backpack可能将等额USDC通过Circle赎回成美元，Circle则将该美元汇入Backpack的银行账户进行出金。这种模式其实正是Circle提供给企业客户的“稳定币托管清算”服务之一circle.com。换言之，Circle充当了Backpack法币出金链条中的关键一环，尽管普通用户感知不到它的存在。反过来看Amber，作为全球领先的做市商，也大量使用USDC进行交易和结算，Amber与Circle之间亦可能有直接合作关系（如参与Circle的伙伴计划等）。可以说，Circle及其USDC网络构成了FTX时代和Backpack时代连接传统金融和加密世界的桥梁：FTX和Backpack都踩在这座桥上快速发展，而Amber作为市场参与者，同样频繁走这座桥，为自身和伙伴创造价值。

• Equals Money（英国电子货币机构）： 前文提及，Equals Money PLC 在Backpack的出金过程中显现出来btcxiaolinzi.top。这家公司提供面向企业的银行即服务(BaaS)，允许像Backpack这样的客户通过其平台发起全球付款。Equals Money的出现意味着Backpack选择了一条灵活的合规路径来实现银行转账功能：相比直接开设传统银行账户，使用EMI能更快获取支付能力且准入门槛较低。FTX时期并未传出使用EMI的消息，因为当时FTX可直接依赖自己的银行关系网（例如通过位于美国、欧洲的自有账户）来处理汇款。然而在后FTX时代，许多加密公司（包括Amber）都在寻找新的银行替代方案，EMI因此受到青睐。具体联系： 根据实测，Backpack用户提现美元到Wise时，Wise收到的汇款来自Equals Moneybtcxiaolinzi.top。Wise作为跨境汇款平台，其收款机制对资金来源要求严格，但Equals Money持有FCA牌照，属于受监管机构，Wise接收来自Equals的资金被视为合规btcxiaolinzi.top。由此推断，Backpack通过Equals的企业账户，将兑换好的美元直接打给用户填入的收款账号（包括Wise提供的虚拟账号）。这表明Backpack和Equals Money之间有直接业务往来，Equals是Backpack法币出金服务链条上的合作伙伴。值得一提的是，Amber Group 此前在欧洲也曾探索电子货币牌照或合作渠道的可能，尽管无法确认Amber是否也使用Equals，但不排除Amber为Backpack牵线搭桥、推荐了Equals这类服务商的可能性。

综合来看， Circle和Equals Money分别代表了稳定币清算层和法币支付层的基础设施，与Backpack/FTX/Amber的联系体现为：Circle提供“链上到链下”的美元流动性支持，Equals提供“链下”最后一公里的银行网络接口。三者之所以都选择/使用这些渠道，是因为它们共享了对加密法币融合效率的追求。对于FTX和Backpack而言，这些渠道是业务方案的一部分；对于Amber而言，这些渠道是服务布局和投资的一环（Amber支持的交易所采用了这些方案，也间接符合Amber推动行业基础设施完善的利益）。

“交叉代币解锁”机制与链上协作迹象

“交叉代币解锁”是指Amber、Backpack（或其关联项目）之间通过持有彼此发行的代币，并利用协议合作、解锁计划或链上交易，实现协同利益的一种机制。鉴于Backpack尚处于发展初期，我们需要探讨哪些代币或资产可能涉及双方的互动：

• Backpack 平台代币的潜在发行： 根据Backpack社区的信息，平台计划通过交易积分空投方式向活跃用户发放代币资格btcxiaolinzi.top。这暗示Backpack未来会推出自己的平台代币。若真如此，早期投资方（包括Amber Group）很可能在代币经济中占有一席之地，例如通过投资协议获得一定比例的平台代币配额。在代币正式解锁流通时，Amber等机构投资者将持有相应份额。这就产生了潜在的“交叉代币”联系：Amber持有Backpack的代币，并可在协议允许的时间窗口解锁出售或利用。这种关系一方面绑定了Amber与Backpack的长期利益，另一方面也为Amber提供了在二级市场获利或支持Backpack代币市值的机会。如果Backpack设计代币经济时有锁仓解锁期，那么Amber的代币解锁时间和数量将受到协议约束。从链上数据看，未来可以观察这些大额代币解锁地址是否与Amber的钱包存在关联，以验证Amber对Backpack代币的处置行为。当前，由于Backpack代币尚未发行，我们只能提出这一推测性机制，等待后续链上数据来印证。

• Amber 持仓代币与Backpack业务的协同： 反之，Amber Group 或其子基金本身持有众多加密资产，是否有与Backpack生态互动的情况？例如，Amber可能持有某些与Backpack生态有关的项目代币（如Solana链上资产，Backpack钱包支持的特定NFT/代币等）。一个案例是Backpack团队曾在Solana上发行受欢迎的 xNFT系列“Mαd Lads”NFTlearn.backpack.exchange。Amber或其投资部门是否参与了该NFT的投资或持有尚无公开资料，但不排除Amber透过场内交易购买一些以支持Backpack生态热度。再者，如果Amber在其他项目上持有代币，而Backpack平台上线这些资产交易，Amber可能通过链上转账将流动性注入Backpack，从而实现双方受益——Amber获得流动性做市收益，Backpack获得交易量和资产丰富度。这可以视作一种链上协作。例如Amber持有大量某种代币X，在Backpack上新上线代币X交易对时，Amber账户向Backpack的热钱包充值代币X提供初始流动性。这样的行为在链上会呈现Amber已知地址向Backpack地址的大额转账。如果将来这些数据出现，将成为印证双方链上合作的直接证据。目前，此类链上轨迹还未有公开披露，我们只能假设其存在的可能性。

• FTX 遗留资产与Backpack 的关联： 另一个值得一提的链上观察维度是FTX/Alameda遗留资产的动向。FTX倒闭后，其相关钱包曾多次异动。Backpack团队作为前员工，有可能知晓某些地址或资产的情况。但由于破产清算在法庭监管下进行，直接将FTX遗留资产转给新项目不太现实。不过，不排除某些前Alameda投资的项目代币后来为Backpack团队所用。例如，Alameda早期投资的项目若代币解锁，Backpack团队个人可能持有部分并用于新平台的流动性。这种间接关联较难确认，但链上仍可寻找蛛丝马迹，比如监测前Alameda标识的钱包与Backpack相关地址之间的交易。如果有频繁互动，可能暗示Backpack获取了Alameda旧有资产的支持。至今未见显著证据，推测空间大于实证。

小结： “交叉代币解锁”机制目前更多停留在理论推演层面。我们确认了Backpack未来存在发行平台代币的规划btcxiaolinzi.top；也确认Amber作为投资方大概率会获得并持有该代币份额。但具体的锁仓解锁安排、双方是否会通过特殊协议（如做市激励、流动性挖矿等）进行合作，还有待官方披露或链上数据验证。链上分析工具可以在未来帮助捕捉Amber地址与Backpack生态代币/NFT的交互，从而揭示深层协作。如果发现Amber旗下地址在Backpack代币解锁后立即大量转入交易所，可能意味着Amber选择变现；反之，若锁定期内就有灰度交易发生，甚至可能存在双方提前约定的场外交换。这些都是值得持续监测的方向，但就目前信息来看，尚无定论。

\ 图：FTX、Amber Group 与 Backpack 三者关系示意图。红色/橙色线表示团队和股权延续（FTX前员工和投资延续到Backpack，Amber参与投资并可能提供流动性）；蓝色线表示Backpack法币出金所依赖的稳定币清算和银行通道（通过USDC及Equals Money实现）；灰色虚线表示FTX和Amber分别与USDC发行方Circle在业务上的联系。这些关系共同构成了Backpack在FTX余荫和Amber支持下快速搭建全球业务的基础。

关键证据与信息缺口

通过上述分析，我们梳理了已知的信息链条，并挖掘了若干可能的隐秘关联，同时也识别出需要进一步调查的信息空白：

• 明确的证据链： 我们找到了多项公开资料证明Backpack与FTX/Amber的联系：包括创始团队来自FTX/Alamedacoinspeaker.com、FTX Ventures 曾投资Backpack母公司nftgators.com、Amber Group 参与了Backpack的融资coinspeaker.com、多名FTX旧部现在Backpack任职coinspeaker.com等。这些形成了人员和资金延续的直接证据。另外，通过用户分享和代码库，我们确认Backpack法币出金使用了Equals Money通道btcxiaolinzi.top并提供了0手续费的USD/USDC转换panewslab.com——这证明了Backpack确实建立了类似FTX当年的稳定币清算架构，只是技术实现上借助了新的合作方(Equals Money)。这些证据支撑了本文的大部分推论基础。

• 合理的推测与佐证： 有些关联尚无官方公告证明，但基于行业惯例和现有线索推测合理，并有部分侧面佐证。例如，Amber 为Backpack提供做市流动性支援一事，没有直接新闻来源，但考虑到Amber投资交易所的动机和能力，此推断具有高概率可靠性。再如，Backpack疑似使用Circle的USDC清算服务，虽无明示，但从其业务模式和Circle的产品定位来看circle.com，这一幕后合作应该存在。同样地，Amber可能通过非公开方式向Backpack输出技术/合规支持，也是基于双方利益绑定关系而做出的推断。这些推测目前缺乏直接证据，只能算作可能性假设，需要后续留意更多细节披露。

• 信息缺口与待验证点： 首先，关于Backpack具体的清算路径，我们仍不清楚它如何在链上/链下转换巨额USDC为法币。虽然Equals Money出现在汇款端btcxiaolinzi.top，但在那之前USDC的结算或许涉及Circle或其他做市商（如Amber）——这部分交易发生在后台，需更多技术信息或链上监控来捕捉。其次，Amber与Backpack之间除股权外是否存在合同约定的业务合作（如Amber成为指定做市商、提供信贷支持等）目前尚未公开，属于信息真空。第三，Backpack未来的代币发行和分配细节未知，Amber等投资方将如何参与、解锁周期如何，将直接影响“交叉代币”协作的发生与否，需等官方白皮书出台。第四，更多链上证据的挖掘：由于没有公开的钱包标签，很难直接将某条链上交易指认属于Amber或Backpack。但如果未来Backpack发行代币或大型交易上线，链上必然会出现相关资金流，我们可以通过已知Amber常用地址（如果有披露）来交叉比对，看其是否与Backpack生态有交互。这是一块需要进一步研究的领域，可能借助区块链分析工具和交易图谱来补全证据。最后，还有监管和法律结构的信息：例如Backpack在不同司法管辖区的注册实体与银行账号详情，FTX遗产处理过程中是否对Backpack团队有约束，这些在公开资料中都尚无答案。

结论

综合全篇分析，Backpack、Amber Group 与已倒闭的FTX之间确实存在千丝万缕的延续和关联。Backpack可以被视作FTX精神和技术路线的“继承者”之一——由FTX旧将创建，在FTX垮台造成的市场空白中迅速崛起coinspeaker.com。Amber Group 则扮演了重要的扶持者角色，通过投资和可能的资源注入，参与了Backpack的重建过程coinspeaker.com。在具体业务层面，Backpack延续了FTX时代的创新，如高效的稳定币清算和全球化业务布局，但为了适应新的环境，它也采用了新的工具（如Equals Money的出金渠道）和更严格的合规措施（迪拜等地的牌照）coinspeaker.com。这一切背后，隐现着Amber等老牌加密公司的身影支持，以及Circle等基础设施提供商的支撑。

当然，隐秘关联并不意味着不正当行为，上述关系很多是基于正常的商业合作和延续，只是未明言于公众。例如，前FTX团队利用自己的经验和人脉创建新平台，本身无可厚非；Amber投资新交易所也是市场行为。从推理和现有证据看，并没有直接迹象显示三者存在违法的秘密勾连。然而，对于研究者和行业观察者而言，了解这些联系有助于洞察加密行业格局的演变：FTX的倒下并未让其积累的人才和思想消失，反而通过创业和投资，以新的形式（Backpack）继续影响市场；Amber等老牌玩家则通过战略投资，将自己的版图延伸到新兴平台，以保持竞争力。

未来展望： 随着Backpack进一步发展，我们预计会有更多信息浮出水面来验证或修正上述假设。例如，Backpack若推出平台代币，其投资人持仓和解锁情况将记录在链，从而揭示Amber等的参与细节；再比如，Backpack进入美国市场时需要公开其合作银行或支付伙伴，届时我们可能印证Circle等在其中的角色。如果出现新的合作公告或监管披露文件，也能帮助我们更清晰地绘制三者关系网。目前的信息不对称使我们只能尽力拼凑一幅关联图景，并针对关键环节提供已知证据支持。仍存在的一些信息缺口需要持续跟进调查。总之，Backpack、Amber Group 与FTX的故事折射出加密行业的新旧交替与传承。在FTX的余烬上，新火花正在由熟悉旧世界的人点燃，而这些火花能否照亮一个更加合规稳健的未来，还有待时间检验。 nftgators.comcoinspeaker.com

@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b

Backpack 平台 USDC 出金渠道深度研究报告

背景简介

Backpack 是近年来崛起的加密交易与钱包平台，由前 FTX/Alameda 团队成员创立coindesk.comfinsmes.com。2024 年初 Backpack 曾宣布与 Banxa 合作提供法币出入金服务，支持130多个国家用户使用信用卡/银行渠道买卖加密资产learn.backpack.exchange。2025 年 5 月，Backpack 官方更是推出“0 手续费”的 USD⇄USDC 出金通道，允许用户通过电汇将 USDC 1:1 无损兑换为美元并提取到银行账户lianpr.combinance.com。本报告将详细分析 Backpack 当前的出金方式及其合作渠道、低成本运营的原因、Backpack 与支付机构 Equals Money 的关系，并探讨如果搭建类似的加密金融服务，应如何与 USDC 发行方 Circle 建立合作。

Backpack 的 USDC 出金方式与合作渠道

USD⇄USDC 零手续费通道 – Backpack Exchange 已面向全球用户开放美元与 USDC 间的法币转换，并永久免除任何手续费23btc.com。用户完成 KYC 验证后，可以通过 电汇（Wire Transfer） 将美元直接充值到 Backpack 平台获取等值 USDC，或将持有的 USDC 提现兑换为美元电汇至本人银行账户binance.com。据官方介绍，该通道具备“三大核心优势”：一是零摩擦转换，实现美元与 USDC 间的无缝1:1兑换；二是即时到账，宣称电汇入金/提现可秒级处理；三是全球覆盖，后续将支持 ACH、SEPA 等本地清算网络23btc.com。

合作金融机构 – 为实现合规的法币收付，Backpack 并非自行持有银行牌照，而是借助第三方持牌机构的通道来托管用户的法币资金assets.ctfassets.net。有迹象表明 Backpack 使用了英国的电子货币机构 Equals Money 作为其出入金通道之一：在其开源代码中，Backpack 将“EqualsMoney”集成为一个区块链/支付网络类型github.com。这意味着 Backpack 平台可以通过 Equals Money 提供的多币种账户和支付网络，来代收用户的银行转账并代付提现资金。除了英国渠道，Backpack 集团在全球多地布有实体，以拓展支付能力。例如，用户实测的电汇显示汇款方为 “Trek Labs Australia Pty Ltd”（Backpack 在澳大利亚的子公司）medium.com。这家公司作为汇款主体将等值美元汇出到用户银行账户。除澳洲外，Backpack 背后的 Trek Labs 集团还在迪拜设有 Trek Labs Ltd FZE，在立陶宛设有 Trek Labs UAB，在美国设有 Trek Labs, Inc.medium.com。这种全球子公司布局使 Backpack 能借助各地区的合作银行或支付机构完成跨境资金结算，覆盖包括欧美、亚太在内的广阔用户群。

出金流程 – 用户在 Backpack 平台发起 USDC 提现时，平台会通过上述合作渠道将用户的 USDC 兑换为等额法币，并由托管金融机构从其法币池中汇出资金。比如，当用户提取 1,000 USDC 到香港银行账户，Backpack 将该 USDC 转换为 1,000 美元，由合作机构通过 SWIFT 电汇发送。用户可在 Backpack 后台实时查询电汇状态medium.com。实际测试显示，从提现到款项到账香港银行大约耗时36小时（约1.5个工作日）medium.com。汇款时收款行信息需要用户自行提供并添加到平台，如收款行名称、地址、SWIFT代码等medium.com。Backpack 平台本身要求用户的银行账户姓名与平台注册姓名一致，以确保合规。assets.ctfassets.netassets.ctfassets.net

低成本出金的架构与原因

Backpack 能提供零手续费的稳定币出金服务，得益于其结算架构设计和合规路径上的优势，使其运营成本得以控制在极低水平：

• Stablecoin 即时清算：Backpack 利用 USDC 稳定币作为桥梁，实现用户资金在链上和银行账户之间的快速清算。由于 USDC 与美元1:1锚定，兑换过程中没有汇率损耗或价差成本lianpr.com。平台内美元和 USDC 的余额转换也是按面值对等，不收取点差，这实现了资金的“零摩擦”兑换23btc.com。相比传统银行汇款需要经过多级代理和 Forex 转换，Stablecoin 的使用大幅降低了兑换费用和时间延迟。

• 第三方牌照通道：Backpack 选择通过持牌支付机构（如 Equals Money 等）来承载法币收付功能，而非自行作为汇款人展开业务。这种策略绕开了平台直接获取银行牌照或支付牌照的高成本投入，转而借用第三方机构的现有牌照和账户网络。例如，Equals Money作为英国受监管的电子货币机构，拥有多币种账户和全球汇款能力。Backpack 通过 API 接入该机构后，相当于获取了一套现成的银行基础设施，可以以较低费用发送SWIFT、电汇等github.com。第三方机构通常按照交易量收取较小的服务费，Backpack 可以在当前发展阶段予以补贴，从而对用户“免手续费”。这种“牌照即服务”的模式使 Backpack 将合规成本外包，自己专注于用户和交易环节。

• 合规及监管路径：Backpack 利用多个辖区的子公司布局，根据各地监管环境选择最优的出金路径。例如，在欧洲可能通过立陶宛子公司对接 EU 区的支付网络，在亚洲通过澳大利亚子公司汇出 SWIFT。medium.com这种灵活性使他们能规避单一地区监管限制，选择成本最低、效率最高的清算通道完成提现。此外，多实体运营也有助于分散风险，符合各地反洗钱要求，为零手续费策略提供合规保障。

• 资金结算与收益：尽管对用户宣称0手续费，Backpack 可能通过其他方式覆盖成本。例如，用户的法币资金在汇出前可能短暂存放于合作机构的池中，这些资金量若较大，可产生利息收益，用于弥补转账费用coindesk.com。另外，Backpack 平台的主要收入来自交易手续费和利息产品等，高频交易活动带来的收入能够补贴出金通道的成本，从整体上实现盈亏平衡。

值得注意的是，“0 手续费”指的是 Backpack 平台本身不向用户收取出金手续费，但并不意味着整个过程完全免费。银行端的固定费用仍可能存在。例如，有用户反馈，通过 Backpack 将 USDC 提现到香港 ZA Bank 账户时，Backpack 未收取费用，但 ZA Bank 会收取一次性 20 美元的入账费用twitter.com。类似地，美国银行接收国际电汇通常也会有每笔 15\~30 美元不等的手续费。这些费用属于收款行或中间行收费，并非 Backpack 或其合作方收取。即便如此，相比传统OTC中介或其他交易所的出金方案，Backpack 的整体成本依然极低——没有额外的汇兑损耗，仅需承担银行常规入账费，大额提现尤为划算。一位资深用户将 Backpack 提现称为“目前最优、最简单的合规出金路径”，反馈资金1天左右即到账，流程非常顺畅x.com。可见，Backpack 通过精心搭建的结算架构，实现了高效低成本的出金服务，在合规前提下大大降低了用户将数字资产变现的门槛。

Backpack 与 Equals Money 的关系考察

Equals Money 背景 – Equals Money 是英国上市金融科技公司 Equals Group PLC 旗下的支付业务品牌，提供多币种电子账户、国际汇款和企业外汇兑换等服务。该公司前身为 FairFX，持有英国金融行为监管局（FCA）颁发的电子货币机构牌照，主营为企业客户提供全球支付解决方案fxcintel.com。简单来说，Equals Money 扮演的是受监管的“非银行支付平台”角色，可为合作伙伴提供银行账户托管和跨境支付通道。对于缺乏自有牌照的加密公司而言，与这类机构合作能快速获得法币收付能力。

业务合作关系 – 目前公开信息并未有 Backpack 与 Equals Money 签署官方战略合作的公告，但从技术集成和业务逻辑上看，两者存在密切的业务往来。Backpack 在代码库中增添了对 “EqualsMoney” 的支持选项github.com表明其系统已经对接了 Equals 提供的支付 API。在用户充值/提现时，Backpack 系统可以将指令通过该接口发送给 Equals，由后者执行实际的银行转账操作（如从对应的用户托管账户划款）。换言之，Equals Money可能充当了 Backpack 用户法币资金的托管方和结算代理。还有用户实测提到，从 Backpack 提现美元时，资金是由 “Trek Labs Australia Pty Ltd” 汇出medium.com。结合上下文，推测 Trek Labs Australia 这家 Backpack 子公司可能在 Equals Money或类似机构开设了运营账户，用于统一汇出用户提现款项。这个细节侧面印证了 Backpack 利用第三方支付平台进行法币结算：汇款主体虽然名义上是 Backpack 关联公司，但实际的支付通道和银行接口由 Equals Money 等持牌机构提供支持。

人员和投资交集 – 在股权和团队层面，暂未发现 Backpack 与 Equals Money 有直接的交叉。Backpack 的融资由加密领域的风投基金主导（Placeholder、Hashed、Amber Group 等）finsmes.com，并无公开提及来自 Equals 集团的投资。管理团队方面，Backpack 由前加密交易所从业者主导，而 Equals Money 属于传统金融支付行业，公司高管以金融背景为主，目前没有明显的人事重合记录。此外，Equals Group PLC 在2024年底宣布将被嵌入式金融公司 Railsr 收购thisweekinfintech.com（该交易有待监管批准），这属于其自身战略调整，与 Backpack 无直接关联。总体来看，Backpack 与 Equals Money 更可能是一种商业合作关系：Backpack 作为客户接入 Equals Money 的支付服务，以使用其许可和网络；双方在产权和团队上保持独立。此类合作在金融科技领域较为常见，属于优势互补：加密平台获取法币通道，支付机构拓展客户和资金流量。

合作的意义 – 通过与 Equals Money 等机构合作，Backpack 实现了快速合规地打通法币出入口，在竞争激烈的交易所市场上形成差异化优势。用户能够享受到类似银行级别的出金体验（直接电汇到账）且几乎零成本x.com，这极大增强了 Backpack 平台的吸引力和资金留存率。对 Equals Money 而言，服务 Backpack 这样高增长的加密客户，也为其带来了可观的跨境支付业务量和创新合作机遇。在严格遵守反洗钱和监管要求的前提下，这种加密与传统金融的合作模式，展现了融合创新的前景。

搭建类似业务与 Circle 合作的要点

假如希望搭建与 Backpack 类似的稳定币出入金架构，与 USDC 发行方 Circle 建立合作是关键一步。Circle 提供针对企业的账户服务和 API接口，使合作方能够方便地在应用中集成 USDC 与法币的转换和支付功能circle.comcircle.com。以下是与 Circle 合作时需要关注的主要要点：

• 主体资格
  需要有合法注册的公司实体，并处于 Circle 支持的地区（如北美、欧洲等）。Circle 暂不向个人用户开放其直接铸币/赎回服务，仅面向机构客户。
• 业务规模要求
  主要针对大体量、批量使用 USDC 的公司，例如交易所、托管机构、数字钱包平台或银行等。若业务量较小，Circle 会建议通过第三方交易所获取 USDC。

• KYC 合规审查
  对申请企业进行严格的背景尽调，包括高管和受益人身份验证、注册信息、经营范围、反洗钱和制裁风险评估等。需提供公司注册证书、人员身份证明、合规方案等，审核时间通常为数天至数周。

• 账户功能
  审核通过后可开立 Circle 账户，支持将银行资金充值并自动兑换为 USDC，或将 USDC 赎回为法币并电汇到指定银行账户；涵盖链上转账、ACH 和电汇等多种渠道。

• API 接入
  提供完整的 REST API 和 SDK，支持自动化发起电汇兑换、铸造/销毁 USDC、提现等操作，合作方只需专注前端体验，后端支付和结算由 Circle 处理。

• 费用结构
  对符合条件的合作伙伴铸造/赎回 USDC 不收手续费；法币转账需承担银行或中间行手续费。支持免费 ACH 通道，国际电汇按银行标准收费。

• 合规责任
  Circle 对企业客户履行 KYC/AML 义务，但合作方若面向终端用户提供服务，也需自行做用户审核与交易监控，并在高金额转账时传输用户身份信息（Travel Rule）。

合作流程：实际操作中，搭建团队需要先在 Circle 官网提交企业账户申请，提供相关资料并通过合规审核circle.com。拿到账户后，可登录 Circle 提供的业务后台或通过 API Sandbox 进行测试集成，熟悉 USDC 钱包、法币钱包的操作。一旦准备就绪，即可将功能推向生产环境，为用户开通 USDC 与法币的双向兑换。值得注意的是，企业应根据所服务用户区域，获取必要的当地监管许可或豁免。例如在美国需要遵守联邦和州级货币转移许可证要求，在欧盟则可能利用立陶宛等国的数字资产服务牌照。这与 Backpack 多地布局子公司的做法类似，都是为了符合法规开展业务。

成功案例：除了 Backpack，业内已有多家知名机构通过与 Circle 合作开展稳定币支付业务。例如 Binance 与 Circle 达成战略合作，使其平台更广泛支持 USDCfortune.com；支付公司 Stripe 也集成了 Circle API，在其产品中新增了稳定币收付功能stables.money。这些案例表明，通过 Circle 提供的基础设施，加密公司可以较为迅速地搭建起合规、高效的法币⇄稳定币出入金体系，触达全球80多个国家的用户circle.com。因此，对于希望复制 Backpack 模式的新创团队而言，提早布局与 Circle 等发行方的合作，并搭建完善的合规架构，将是取得监管认可和市场竞争优势的关键。

结论

Backpack 平台通过巧妙融合稳定币技术和传统金融渠道，打造出了低成本、高效率的USD⇄USDC出金方案。在无需用户承担手续费的情况下，依托 Equals Money 等支付伙伴和自身全球子公司网络，实现了合规的美元电汇快速到账23btc.commedium.com。这一模式的成功在于对结算架构的创新设计和对监管资源的充分利用：既发挥了 USDC 稳定币实时、低成本的优势，又借力持牌金融机构解决了法币合规问题。这为行业树立了一个范例。

对于有意搭建类似业务的团队，与 Circle 建立合作无疑是重要的一环。Circle 提供了成熟的 USDC 基础设施，只要申请企业拥有足够的资质和规模，通过严格的 KYC 审核后即可获得稳定币铸造和法币结算的能力circle.comcircle.com。在此基础上，新业务还需结合自身情况选择适当的支付合作方和注册管辖地，搭建自己的合规“护城河”。只有技术与合规并重，才能如同 Backpack 一样，在保证低成本出金的同时，赢得监管许可和用户信赖。

参考资料：

• Backpack 官方公告及新闻稿binance.comlianpr.com23btc.com

• Backpack 用户协议与代码仓库assets.ctfassets.netgithub.com

• 媒体报道（CoinDesk 等）coindesk.comlearn.backpack.exchange

• 第三方分析与用户实测反馈medium.comtwitter.com

• Circle 官方文档与博客circle.comcircle.comcircle.com

@ e6817453:b0ac3c39

I started a long series of articles about how to model different types of knowledge graphs in the relational model, which makes on-device memory models for AI agents possible.

We model-directed graphs

Also, graphs of entities

We even model hypergraphs

Last time, we discussed why classical triple and simple knowledge graphs are insufficient for AI agents and complex memory, especially in the domain of time-aware or multi-model knowledge.

So why do we need metagraphs, and what kind of challenge could they help us to solve?

• complex and nested event and temporal context and temporal relations as edges
• multi-mode and multilingual knowledge
• human-like memory for AI agents that has multiple contexts and relations between knowledge in neuron-like networks

MetaGraphs

A meta graph is a concept that extends the idea of a graph by allowing edges to become graphs. Meta Edges connect a set of nodes, which could also be subgraphs. So, at some level, node and edge are pretty similar in properties but act in different roles in a different context.
Also, in some cases, edges could be referenced as nodes.
This approach enables the representation of more complex relationships and hierarchies than a traditional graph structure allows. Let’s break down each term to understand better metagraphs and how they differ from hypergraphs and graphs.

Graph Basics

• A standard graph has a set of nodes (or vertices) and edges (connections between nodes).
• Edges are generally simple and typically represent a binary relationship between two nodes.
• For instance, an edge in a social network graph might indicate a “friend” relationship between two people (nodes).

Hypergraph

• A hypergraph extends the concept of an edge by allowing it to connect any number of nodes, not just two.
• Each connection, called a hyperedge, can link multiple nodes.
• This feature allows hypergraphs to model more complex relationships involving multiple entities simultaneously. For example, a hyperedge in a hypergraph could represent a project team, connecting all team members in a single relation.
• Despite its flexibility, a hypergraph doesn’t capture hierarchical or nested structures; it only generalizes the number of connections in an edge.

Metagraph

• A metagraph allows the edges to be graphs themselves. This means each edge can contain its own nodes and edges, creating nested, hierarchical structures.
• In a meta graph, an edge could represent a relationship defined by a graph. For instance, a meta graph could represent a network of organizations where each organization’s structure (departments and connections) is represented by its own internal graph and treated as an edge in the larger meta graph.
• This recursive structure allows metagraphs to model complex data with multiple layers of abstraction. They can capture multi-node relationships (as in hypergraphs) and detailed, structured information about each relationship.

Named Graphs and Graph of Graphs

As you can notice, the structure of a metagraph is quite complex and could be complex to model in relational and classical RDF setups. It could create a challenge of luck of tools and software solutions for your problem.
If you need to model nested graphs, you could use a much simpler model of Named graphs, which could take you quite far.

The concept of the named graph came from the RDF community, which needed to group some sets of triples. In this way, you form subgraphs inside an existing graph. You could refer to the subgraph as a regular node. This setup simplifies complex graphs, introduces hierarchies, and even adds features and properties of hypergraphs while keeping a directed nature.

It looks complex, but it is not so hard to model it with a slight modification of a directed graph.
So, the node could host graphs inside. Let's reflect this fact with a location for a node. If a node belongs to a main graph, we could set the location to null or introduce a main node . it is up to you

Nodes could have edges to nodes in different subgraphs. This structure allows any kind of nesting graphs. Edges stay location-free

Meta Graphs in Relational Model

Let’s try to make several attempts to model different meta-graphs with some constraints.

Directed Metagraph where edges are not used as nodes and could not contain subgraphs

In this case, the edge always points to two sets of nodes. This introduces an overhead of creating a node set for a single node. In this model, we can model empty node sets that could require application-level constraints to prevent such cases.

Directed Metagraph where edges are not used as nodes and could contain subgraphs

Adding a node set that could model a subgraph located in an edge is easy but could be separate from in-vertex or out-vert.
I also do not see a direct need to include subgraphs to a node, as we could just use a node set interchangeably, but it still could be a case.

Directed Metagraph where edges are used as nodes and could contain subgraphs

As you can notice, we operate all the time with node sets. We could simply allow the extension node set to elements set that include node and edge IDs, but in this case, we need to use uuid or any other strategy to differentiate node IDs from edge IDs. In this case, we have a collision of ephemeral edges or ephemeral nodes when we want to change the role and purpose of the node as an edge or vice versa.

A full-scale metagraph model is way too complex for a relational database.
So we need a better model.

Now, we have more flexibility but loose structural constraints. We cannot show that the element should have one vertex, one vertex, or both. This type of constraint has been moved to the application level. Also, the crucial question is about query and retrieval needs.
Any meta-graph model should be more focused on domain and needs and should be used in raw form. We did it for a pure theoretical purpose.

@ e6817453:b0ac3c39

Hey folks! Today, let’s dive into the intriguing world of neurosymbolic approaches, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and personal knowledge graphs (PKGs). Together, these concepts hold much potential for bringing true reasoning capabilities to large language models (LLMs). So, let’s break down how symbolic logic, knowledge graphs, and modern AI can come together to empower future AI systems to reason like humans.

The Neurosymbolic Approach: What It Means ?

Neurosymbolic AI combines two historically separate streams of artificial intelligence: symbolic reasoning and neural networks. Symbolic AI uses formal logic to process knowledge, similar to how we might solve problems or deduce information. On the other hand, neural networks, like those underlying GPT-4, focus on learning patterns from vast amounts of data — they are probabilistic statistical models that excel in generating human-like language and recognizing patterns but often lack deep, explicit reasoning.

While GPT-4 can produce impressive text, it’s still not very effective at reasoning in a truly logical way. Its foundation, transformers, allows it to excel in pattern recognition, but the models struggle with reasoning because, at their core, they rely on statistical probabilities rather than true symbolic logic. This is where neurosymbolic methods and knowledge graphs come in.

Symbolic Calculations and the Early Vision of AI

If we take a step back to the 1950s, the vision for artificial intelligence was very different. Early AI research was all about symbolic reasoning — where computers could perform logical calculations to derive new knowledge from a given set of rules and facts. Languages like Lisp emerged to support this vision, enabling programs to represent data and code as interchangeable symbols. Lisp was designed to be homoiconic, meaning it treated code as manipulatable data, making it capable of self-modification — a huge leap towards AI systems that could, in theory, understand and modify their own operations.

Lisp: The Earlier AI-Language

Lisp, short for “LISt Processor,” was developed by John McCarthy in 1958, and it became the cornerstone of early AI research. Lisp’s power lay in its flexibility and its use of symbolic expressions, which allowed developers to create programs that could manipulate symbols in ways that were very close to human reasoning. One of the most groundbreaking features of Lisp was its ability to treat code as data, known as homoiconicity, which meant that Lisp programs could introspect and transform themselves dynamically. This ability to adapt and modify its own structure gave Lisp an edge in tasks that required a form of self-awareness, which was key in the early days of AI when researchers were exploring what it meant for machines to “think.”

Lisp was not just a programming language—it represented the vision for artificial intelligence, where machines could evolve their understanding and rewrite their own programming. This idea formed the conceptual basis for many of the self-modifying and adaptive algorithms that are still explored today in AI research. Despite its decline in mainstream programming, Lisp’s influence can still be seen in the concepts used in modern machine learning and symbolic AI approaches.

Prolog: Formal Logic and Deductive Reasoning

In the 1970s, Prolog was developed—a language focused on formal logic and deductive reasoning. Unlike Lisp, based on lambda calculus, Prolog operates on formal logic rules, allowing it to perform deductive reasoning and solve logical puzzles. This made Prolog an ideal candidate for expert systems that needed to follow a sequence of logical steps, such as medical diagnostics or strategic planning.

Prolog, like Lisp, allowed symbols to be represented, understood, and used in calculations, creating another homoiconic language that allows reasoning. Prolog’s strength lies in its rule-based structure, which is well-suited for tasks that require logical inference and backtracking. These features made it a powerful tool for expert systems and AI research in the 1970s and 1980s.

The language is declarative in nature, meaning that you define the problem, and Prolog figures out how to solve it. By using formal logic and setting constraints, Prolog systems can derive conclusions from known facts, making it highly effective in fields requiring explicit logical frameworks, such as legal reasoning, diagnostics, and natural language understanding. These symbolic approaches were later overshadowed during the AI winter — but the ideas never really disappeared. They just evolved.

Solvers and Their Role in Complementing LLMs

One of the most powerful features of Prolog and similar logic-based systems is their use of solvers. Solvers are mechanisms that can take a set of rules and constraints and automatically find solutions that satisfy these conditions. This capability is incredibly useful when combined with LLMs, which excel at generating human-like language but need help with logical consistency and structured reasoning.

For instance, imagine a scenario where an LLM needs to answer a question involving multiple logical steps or a complex query that requires deducing facts from various pieces of information. In this case, a solver can derive valid conclusions based on a given set of logical rules, providing structured answers that the LLM can then articulate in natural language. This allows the LLM to retrieve information and ensure the logical integrity of its responses, leading to much more robust answers.

Solvers are also ideal for handling constraint satisfaction problems — situations where multiple conditions must be met simultaneously. In practical applications, this could include scheduling tasks, generating optimal recommendations, or even diagnosing issues where a set of symptoms must match possible diagnoses. Prolog’s solver capabilities and LLM’s natural language processing power can make these systems highly effective at providing intelligent, rule-compliant responses that traditional LLMs would struggle to produce alone.

By integrating neurosymbolic methods that utilize solvers, we can provide LLMs with a form of deductive reasoning that is missing from pure deep-learning approaches. This combination has the potential to significantly improve the quality of outputs for use-cases that require explicit, structured problem-solving, from legal queries to scientific research and beyond. Solvers give LLMs the backbone they need to not just generate answers but to do so in a way that respects logical rigor and complex constraints.

Graph of Rules for Enhanced Reasoning

Another powerful concept that complements LLMs is using a graph of rules. A graph of rules is essentially a structured collection of logical rules that interconnect in a network-like structure, defining how various entities and their relationships interact. This structured network allows for complex reasoning and information retrieval, as well as the ability to model intricate relationships between different pieces of knowledge.

In a graph of rules, each node represents a rule, and the edges define relationships between those rules — such as dependencies or causal links. This structure can be used to enhance LLM capabilities by providing them with a formal set of rules and relationships to follow, which improves logical consistency and reasoning depth. When an LLM encounters a problem or a question that requires multiple logical steps, it can traverse this graph of rules to generate an answer that is not only linguistically fluent but also logically robust.

For example, in a healthcare application, a graph of rules might include nodes for medical symptoms, possible diagnoses, and recommended treatments. When an LLM receives a query regarding a patient’s symptoms, it can use the graph to traverse from symptoms to potential diagnoses and then to treatment options, ensuring that the response is coherent and medically sound. The graph of rules guides reasoning, enabling LLMs to handle complex, multi-step questions that involve chains of reasoning, rather than merely generating surface-level responses.

Graphs of rules also enable modular reasoning, where different sets of rules can be activated based on the context or the type of question being asked. This modularity is crucial for creating adaptive AI systems that can apply specific sets of logical frameworks to distinct problem domains, thereby greatly enhancing their versatility. The combination of neural fluency with rule-based structure gives LLMs the ability to conduct more advanced reasoning, ultimately making them more reliable and effective in domains where accuracy and logical consistency are critical.

By implementing a graph of rules, LLMs are empowered to perform deductive reasoning alongside their generative capabilities, creating responses that are not only compelling but also logically aligned with the structured knowledge available in the system. This further enhances their potential applications in fields such as law, engineering, finance, and scientific research — domains where logical consistency is as important as linguistic coherence.

Enhancing LLMs with Symbolic Reasoning

Now, with LLMs like GPT-4 being mainstream, there is an emerging need to add real reasoning capabilities to them. This is where neurosymbolic approaches shine. Instead of pitting neural networks against symbolic reasoning, these methods combine the best of both worlds. The neural aspect provides language fluency and recognition of complex patterns, while the symbolic side offers real reasoning power through formal logic and rule-based frameworks.

Personal Knowledge Graphs (PKGs) come into play here as well. Knowledge graphs are data structures that encode entities and their relationships — they’re essentially semantic networks that allow for structured information retrieval. When integrated with neurosymbolic approaches, LLMs can use these graphs to answer questions in a far more contextual and precise way. By retrieving relevant information from a knowledge graph, they can ground their responses in well-defined relationships, thus improving both the relevance and the logical consistency of their answers.

Imagine combining an LLM with a graph of rules that allow it to reason through the relationships encoded in a personal knowledge graph. This could involve using deductive databases to form a sophisticated way to represent and reason with symbolic data — essentially constructing a powerful hybrid system that uses LLM capabilities for language fluency and rule-based logic for structured problem-solving.

My Research on Deductive Databases and Knowledge Graphs

I recently did some research on modeling knowledge graphs using deductive databases, such as DataLog — which can be thought of as a limited, data-oriented version of Prolog. What I’ve found is that it’s possible to use formal logic to model knowledge graphs, ontologies, and complex relationships elegantly as rules in a deductive system. Unlike classical RDF or traditional ontology-based models, which sometimes struggle with complex or evolving relationships, a deductive approach is more flexible and can easily support dynamic rules and reasoning.

Prolog and similar logic-driven frameworks can complement LLMs by handling the parts of reasoning where explicit rule-following is required. LLMs can benefit from these rule-based systems for tasks like entity recognition, logical inferences, and constructing or traversing knowledge graphs. We can even create a graph of rules that governs how relationships are formed or how logical deductions can be performed.

The future is really about creating an AI that is capable of both deep contextual understanding (using the powerful generative capacity of LLMs) and true reasoning (through symbolic systems and knowledge graphs). With the neurosymbolic approach, these AIs could be equipped not just to generate information but to explain their reasoning, form logical conclusions, and even improve their own understanding over time — getting us a step closer to true artificial general intelligence.

Why It Matters for LLM Employment

Using neurosymbolic RAG (retrieval-augmented generation) in conjunction with personal knowledge graphs could revolutionize how LLMs work in real-world applications. Imagine an LLM that understands not just language but also the relationships between different concepts — one that can navigate, reason, and explain complex knowledge domains by actively engaging with a personalized set of facts and rules.

This could lead to practical applications in areas like healthcare, finance, legal reasoning, or even personal productivity — where LLMs can help users solve complex problems logically, providing relevant information and well-justified reasoning paths. The combination of neural fluency with symbolic accuracy and deductive power is precisely the bridge we need to move beyond purely predictive AI to truly intelligent systems.

Let's explore these ideas further if you’re as fascinated by this as I am. Feel free to reach out, follow my YouTube channel, or check out some articles I’ll link below. And if you’re working on anything in this field, I’d love to collaborate!

Until next time, folks. Stay curious, and keep pushing the boundaries of AI!

@ 8bde549d:567bf85c

TP88 là một trong những nền tảng giải trí trực tuyến được đánh giá cao nhờ vào giao diện thân thiện và dễ sử dụng, giúp người chơi dễ dàng tham gia và trải nghiệm các trò chơi yêu thích. Với mục tiêu mang đến những giây phút thư giãn tuyệt vời cho người dùng, TP88 không ngừng cải thiện và cập nhật các tính năng mới để phù hợp với nhu cầu giải trí ngày càng cao. Nền tảng này cung cấp đa dạng các trò chơi từ các game trí tuệ yêu cầu tư duy chiến lược đến các trò chơi vui nhộn và giải trí, giúp người chơi có thể lựa chọn theo sở thích và phong cách của mình. Từ những trò chơi đơn giản nhưng đầy thử thách cho đến những trò chơi phức tạp và sáng tạo, TP88 đều có thể đáp ứng mọi yêu cầu của người chơi. Với đồ họa sắc nét, âm thanh sống động và hiệu ứng đặc biệt, TP88 chắc chắn sẽ mang đến cho người tham gia những trải nghiệm giải trí chân thực và đầy đủ cảm xúc.

Ngoài những yếu tố về sự đa dạng và hấp dẫn của các trò chơi, TP88 cũng đặc biệt chú trọng đến bảo mật và sự an toàn của người chơi. Trong môi trường trực tuyến hiện nay, vấn đề bảo vệ thông tin cá nhân và các giao dịch tài chính luôn được đặt lên hàng đầu. TP88 sử dụng công nghệ bảo mật tiên tiến để đảm bảo rằng thông tin người chơi sẽ được bảo vệ một cách an toàn và không bị xâm phạm. Mọi giao dịch tài chính, từ việc nạp tiền đến rút tiền, đều được thực hiện nhanh chóng, chính xác và bảo mật tuyệt đối, giúp người chơi có thể yên tâm trong suốt quá trình tham gia. Nền tảng này cũng tuân thủ các tiêu chuẩn quốc tế về bảo mật và an toàn, mang đến cho người chơi một môi trường giải trí trực tuyến đáng tin cậy và an toàn. Hệ thống bảo mật và hỗ trợ khách hàng của TP88 luôn hoạt động 24/7 để đảm bảo rằng mọi vấn đề phát sinh của người chơi sẽ được giải quyết kịp thời và hiệu quả.

Một trong những yếu tố quan trọng khiến TP88 trở thành sự lựa chọn hàng đầu của những người yêu thích giải trí trực tuyến chính là các chương trình khuyến mãi và sự kiện hấp dẫn. Nền tảng này thường xuyên tổ chức các chương trình khuyến mãi, sự kiện đặc biệt và các giải thưởng giá trị để thu hút người chơi tham gia và tạo cơ hội cho họ nhận được nhiều phần thưởng hấp dẫn. Các chương trình này không chỉ làm tăng thêm phần thú vị mà còn mang đến nhiều cơ hội để người chơi tăng thêm tài khoản của mình một cách dễ dàng. Ngoài ra, TP88 còn có các sự kiện cộng đồng, nơi người chơi có thể giao lưu, chia sẻ kinh nghiệm và kết nối với nhau. Những sự kiện này góp phần tạo nên một cộng đồng gắn kết và sôi động, nơi mà người chơi có thể học hỏi và phát triển kỹ năng của mình. Với tất cả những ưu điểm này, TP88 không chỉ là một nền tảng giải trí đơn thuần mà còn là một cộng đồng lớn mạnh, nơi người chơi có thể tìm thấy niềm vui và sự thỏa mãn trong mỗi lần tham gia.

@ ecda4328:1278f072

A detailed breakdown of the recent debate around Bitcoin Core’s proposed policy change to OP_RETURN — and why it’s less dramatic than some fear.

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TL;DR

Removing the 80-byte OP_RETURN limit is a mempool policy cleanup, not a consensus rule change. It reduces UTXO bloat, improves relay consistency, and doesn’t affect Bitcoin’s monetary properties or block size limits.

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What Is OP_RETURN?

OP_RETURN is a Bitcoin script opcode introduced in 2014 (Bitcoin Core 0.9.0) to allow small amounts of arbitrary data to be embedded in transactions. Crucially, it creates provably unspendable outputs, preventing UTXO set pollution.

A default policy limit of 80 bytes was added to discourage non-payment data usage while still allowing basic use cases (e.g., hashes, commitments).

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Why Was OP_RETURN Added? (Bitcoin Core 0.9, March 2014)

When OP_RETURN was introduced, it wasn’t to promote on-chain data — it was a harm-reduction tool:

“This change is not an endorsement of storing data in the blockchain... [It] creates a provably-prunable output, to avoid data storage schemes... storing arbitrary data... bloating Bitcoin’s UTXO database.” — Bitcoin Core 0.9 Release Notes

Before that, users embedded data in fake outputs, bloating the UTXO set and degrading node performance.

OP_RETURN made those outputs prunable and cleaner, though it imposed an 80-byte policy cap — not a consensus rule.

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What’s Actually Changing?

Bitcoin Core PR #32359 proposes:

• Removing the 80-byte policy limit on OP_RETURN data
• Removing the -datacarrier and -datacarriersize configuration options
• Default behavior will now relay (and mine) larger OP_RETURNs

⚠️ This is not a consensus change. Blocks stay limited to \~4MB. No rules about block validity are altered.

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Why It’s Not a Big Deal

• ✅ Consensus stays the same: No risk of chain splits
• ✅ Block size stays capped (\~4MB)
• ✅ You can still run Bitcoin Knots if you prefer stricter policies
• ✅ Transaction size limit (\~100KB) remains for DoS protection

Bottom line: This is a configuration tweak to improve consistency between nodes and miners.

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Common Uses of OP_RETURN

• Timestamping
• Cross-chain anchoring (e.g., merge-mined sidechains)
• Asset issuance (e.g., Omni/Tether)
• Notarization and commitments
• Metadata for protocols like Citrea

📝 In contrast, Ordinal inscriptions use witness data; Stamps use fake outputs — not OP_RETURN.

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Arguments For Removing the Limit

1. The limit is ineffective — easily bypassed via witness/multisig/fake outputs
2. Cleaner data paths — prevents UTXO bloat from “Stamp”-style tricks
3. Reflects mining reality — miners already include these transactions
4. Improves relay/mempool consistency
5. Avoids centralization risks — removes miner advantages from custom policies
6. Enables metaprotocols — safely embed structured metadata without abusing Bitcoin’s core design

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Arguments Against Removing the Limit

1. Risk of encouraging non-monetary use
2. Fears of "spam" or NFT-like inscriptions
3. Concerns over governance process
4. Perceived erosion of Bitcoin’s monetary purity

🧠 Note: The 80-byte cap was policy, not consensus. Removing it doesn’t allow anything that wasn’t already valid on-chain.

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Policy vs. Consensus

• Policy rules affect relay and mempool behavior
• Consensus rules affect what blocks are considered valid

Large OP_RETURNs are already valid. The inconsistency is that many nodes don’t relay them, while miners do include them. This change aligns relay with mining, improving propagation and fee estimation.

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Bitcoin Knots: A Protest Client

Bitcoin Knots (maintained by Luke Dashjr) retains the old 80-byte policy. After the PR surfaced, some users switched to Knots as a protest.

According to Matthew R. Kratter, Bitcoin Knots briefly surpassed Core 29.0 in node count during early 2025 — but this spike appears to have been driven more by timing mismatches between release cycles and a coordinated protest campaign, rather than a durable shift in user adoption. In fact, most Bitcoin nodes today still run older versions of Core. As of May 2025, Core 28.1.0 alone accounts for over 21% of nodes, while Core 29.0.0 sits below 6%, and Knots 20250305 trails at just over 6% — suggesting that the majority of the network remains on pre-29 Core versions rather than switching to Knots en masse.

---

Broader Implications

• 🛠️ Highlights tensions between devs, miners, and users over governance
• 🧭 Shows how non-consensus rules can impact perceived neutrality
• 🧪 Sparks renewed focus on tooling (e.g., ASMap, better banlists, relay filtering)
• 🔐 Reaffirms user sovereignty through client diversity

---

Final Thoughts

Removing the OP_RETURN limit aligns Bitcoin Core’s policy with reality — what’s already getting mined — while cleaning up harmful workarounds.

It won’t break Bitcoin.

But it does surface deeper tensions about Bitcoin’s purpose, evolution, and who ultimately decides what gets built and accepted.

---

References

• PR: Remove arbitrary limits on OP_RETURN #32359
• PR: Deprecate datacarrier options #32406
• Mailing list: Relax OP_RETURN standardness restrictions
• Gist with full community discussion
• Bitcoin Knots
• Kratter video: Bitcoin Core Removes the Mask

---

🙏 Acknowledgements

Thanks to @hodlinator, ShiShi21m, and many others in the community for their thoughtful insights, corrections, and spirited discussion.

---

Based on the original GitHub Gist: Bitcoin OP_RETURN Controversy: Complete Summary

@ e6817453:b0ac3c39

Introduction: Personal Knowledge Graphs and Linked Data

We will explore the world of personal knowledge graphs and discuss how they can be used to model complex information structures. Personal knowledge graphs aren’t just abstract collections of nodes and edges—they encode meaningful relationships, contextualizing data in ways that enrich our understanding of it. While the core structure might be a directed graph, we layer semantic meaning on top, enabling nuanced connections between data points.

The origin of knowledge graphs is deeply tied to concepts from linked data and the semantic web, ideas that emerged to better link scattered pieces of information across the web. This approach created an infrastructure where data islands could connect — facilitating everything from more insightful AI to improved personal data management.

In this article, we will explore how these ideas have evolved into tools for modeling AI’s semantic memory and look at how knowledge graphs can serve as a flexible foundation for encoding rich data contexts. We’ll specifically discuss three major paradigms: RDF (Resource Description Framework), property graphs, and a third way of modeling entities as graphs of graphs. Let’s get started.

Intro to RDF

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) has been one of the fundamental standards for linked data and knowledge graphs. RDF allows data to be modeled as triples: subject, predicate, and object. Essentially, you can think of it as a structured way to describe relationships: “X has a Y called Z.” For instance, “Berlin has a population of 3.5 million.” This modeling approach is quite flexible because RDF uses unique identifiers — usually URIs — to point to data entities, making linking straightforward and coherent.

RDFS, or RDF Schema, extends RDF to provide a basic vocabulary to structure the data even more. This lets us describe not only individual nodes but also relationships among types of data entities, like defining a class hierarchy or setting properties. For example, you could say that “Berlin” is an instance of a “City” and that cities are types of “Geographical Entities.” This kind of organization helps establish semantic meaning within the graph.

RDF and Advanced Topics

Lists and Sets in RDF

RDF also provides tools to model more complex data structures such as lists and sets, enabling the grouping of nodes. This extension makes it easier to model more natural, human-like knowledge, for example, describing attributes of an entity that may have multiple values. By adding RDF Schema and OWL (Web Ontology Language), you gain even more expressive power — being able to define logical rules or even derive new relationships from existing data.

Graph of Graphs

A significant feature of RDF is the ability to form complex nested structures, often referred to as graphs of graphs. This allows you to create “named graphs,” essentially subgraphs that can be independently referenced. For example, you could create a named graph for a particular dataset describing Berlin and another for a different geographical area. Then, you could connect them, allowing for more modular and reusable knowledge modeling.

Property Graphs

While RDF provides a robust framework, it’s not always the easiest to work with due to its heavy reliance on linking everything explicitly. This is where property graphs come into play. Property graphs are less focused on linking everything through triples and allow more expressive properties directly within nodes and edges.

For example, instead of using triples to represent each detail, a property graph might let you store all properties about an entity (e.g., “Berlin”) directly in a single node. This makes property graphs more intuitive for many developers and engineers because they more closely resemble object-oriented structures: you have entities (nodes) that possess attributes (properties) and are connected to other entities through relationships (edges).

The significant benefit here is a condensed representation, which speeds up traversal and queries in some scenarios. However, this also introduces a trade-off: while property graphs are more straightforward to query and maintain, they lack some complex relationship modeling features RDF offers, particularly when connecting properties to each other.

Graph of Graphs and Subgraphs for Entity Modeling

A third approach — which takes elements from RDF and property graphs — involves modeling entities using subgraphs or nested graphs. In this model, each entity can be represented as a graph. This allows for a detailed and flexible description of attributes without exploding every detail into individual triples or lump them all together into properties.

For instance, consider a person entity with a complex employment history. Instead of representing every employment detail in one node (as in a property graph), or as several linked nodes (as in RDF), you can treat the employment history as a subgraph. This subgraph could then contain nodes for different jobs, each linked with specific properties and connections. This approach keeps the complexity where it belongs and provides better flexibility when new attributes or entities need to be added.

Hypergraphs and Metagraphs

When discussing more advanced forms of graphs, we encounter hypergraphs and metagraphs. These take the idea of relationships to a new level. A hypergraph allows an edge to connect more than two nodes, which is extremely useful when modeling scenarios where relationships aren’t just pairwise. For example, a “Project” could connect multiple “People,” “Resources,” and “Outcomes,” all in a single edge. This way, hypergraphs help in reducing the complexity of modeling high-order relationships.

Metagraphs, on the other hand, enable nodes and edges to themselves be represented as graphs. This is an extremely powerful feature when we consider the needs of artificial intelligence, as it allows for the modeling of relationships between relationships, an essential aspect for any system that needs to capture not just facts, but their interdependencies and contexts.

Balancing Structure and Properties

One of the recurring challenges when modeling knowledge is finding the balance between structure and properties. With RDF, you get high flexibility and standardization, but complexity can quickly escalate as you decompose everything into triples. Property graphs simplify the representation by using attributes but lose out on the depth of connection modeling. Meanwhile, the graph-of-graphs approach and hypergraphs offer advanced modeling capabilities at the cost of increased computational complexity.

So, how do you decide which model to use? It comes down to your use case. RDF and nested graphs are strong contenders if you need deep linkage and are working with highly variable data. For more straightforward, engineer-friendly modeling, property graphs shine. And when dealing with very complex multi-way relationships or meta-level knowledge, hypergraphs and metagraphs provide the necessary tools.

The key takeaway is that only some approaches are perfect. Instead, it’s all about the modeling goals: how do you want to query the graph, what relationships are meaningful, and how much complexity are you willing to manage?

Conclusion

Modeling AI semantic memory using knowledge graphs is a challenging but rewarding process. The different approaches — RDF, property graphs, and advanced graph modeling techniques like nested graphs and hypergraphs — each offer unique strengths and weaknesses. Whether you are building a personal knowledge graph or scaling up to AI that integrates multiple streams of linked data, it’s essential to understand the trade-offs each approach brings.

In the end, the choice of representation comes down to the nature of your data and your specific needs for querying and maintaining semantic relationships. The world of knowledge graphs is vast, with many tools and frameworks to explore. Stay connected and keep experimenting to find the balance that works for your projects.

@ 90c656ff:9383fd4e

Bitcoin operates through a decentralized system that relies on a process called mining to validate transactions and secure the network. However, Bitcoin mining requires a large amount of energy, which raises concerns about its environmental impact. Although there are solutions to make this process more sustainable, energy consumption remains a topic of debate among both critics and advocates of the technology.

How does Bitcoin mining work?

Bitcoin mining is the process by which new blocks are added to the blockchain (or timechain) and new coins are created. This process uses a mechanism called proof-of-work, where specialized computers (miners) compete to solve complex mathematical problems. To do this, they consume a huge amount of electricity, as the equipment must operate continuously to keep the network secure and decentralized.

• Energy consumption and environmental impact

The main criticism of Bitcoin mining is its high electricity consumption. Currently, it is estimated that the Bitcoin network consumes as much energy as some entire countries. This raises environmental concerns, as much of the world's electricity is still generated from fossil fuels, which emit polluting gases.

The environmental impacts of Bitcoin mining include:

01 - Carbon Emissions: If the electricity used for mining comes from polluting sources, the process contributes to increased CO₂ emissions, intensifying global warming.

02 - Excessive Use of Natural Resources: Large-scale mining can strain local power grids and increase demand for electricity, leading to higher fossil fuel consumption in some regions.

03 - Electronic Waste Production: Mining equipment has a relatively short lifespan, which leads to the generation of large amounts of electronic waste.

• Alternatives and sustainable solutions

Despite these concerns, Bitcoin mining is becoming increasingly efficient and sustainable. Many mining operations already use renewable energy sources such as hydroelectric, solar, and wind, significantly reducing their ecological footprint. Some solutions include:

01 - Use of Renewable Energy: Miners are relocating to regions with excess renewable energy production, taking advantage of resources that would otherwise be wasted.

02 - Recycling Heat Generated by Mining: Some companies are using the heat produced by mining equipment to warm buildings and infrastructure, making more efficient use of the energy.

03 - Technological Innovations: The development of new chips and more efficient equipment reduces the energy consumption of mining without compromising network security.

In summary, the environmental impact of Bitcoin mining is a controversial issue, but solutions to make the process more sustainable are rapidly evolving. While energy consumption remains high, the shift toward renewable energy sources and new technologies could make Bitcoin a more efficient and environmentally friendly system. Thus, the issue is not merely the amount of electricity consumed, but the origin of that energy and the innovations making mining increasingly sustainable.

Thank you very much for reading this far. I hope everything is well with you, and sending a big hug from your favorite Bitcoiner maximalist from Madeira. Long live freedom!

@ bbb5dda0:f09e2747

I've been neglecting my weekly updates a bit. I haven't really gotten to them lately because i've been insanely busy frying my brains at #SovEng. And after that i haven't been keeping my weekly notes properly. WHICH I'm planning to pick back up now!

This week/ the last couple weeks I've been doing some general planning around @tollGate's appearances on various conferences around Europe! First on the list will be Pizza Day in Prague! And from there I'll be cruising straight to @Oslo Freedom Forum! For TollGate that also means getting us set up with some T-Shirts and Stickers, though not super hard to do, it's the first time I'm doing any 'marketing' like this so I did test my own patience by properly cropping and ordering the designs. So far the stickers came out well Look at our first officially baptized TollGate! :)

TollGate Installer

As we're installing versions of TollGateOS on routers quite often now I figured it'd be a good idea to streamline the experience a bit by building a TollGate Installer. I've been vibecoding it mostly, and one of the things I discovered is how easy it is to make it replicate the style of another app. To stick with the theme I told it to mirror the style of our TollGate Captive portal site and it did it perfectly!

Anyway, still a lot of manual engineering is required but at least I can outsource the stuff i'm bad at. What I did improve was the GitHub workflows we use for building and publishing the OS. We publish our releases to Blossom + Nostr (NIP-94). I then use those messages in the installer to get the download links.

👀 But which version!?

I quickly ran into the issue that I didn't know which binary to install on the router i hooked up to my computer. I connect the router via lan, then I scan the network and ssh into the router, get some basic info, like the device name. BUT, the format of that device name wouldn't match any of the names we'd use in our release.

For example: the router name would be glinet,mt3000 while our release was called gl-mt3000. The difference may seem subtle but I can't match them. So after some discussion with the others I went on and revamped our OS pipeline to properly follow the OpenWRT naming of boards/devices. The pipeline is now much more extensible, making it easier for us to add support for more hardware!

What's next?

We're aiming for a v0.0.2 release of TollGate OS by friday, incorporating some of the feedback we've gotten from our test users! Hang on tight guys! 🙏 I'm hoping to finish an earlier version of the installer in the upcoming week as well.

@ e6817453:b0ac3c39

The temporal semantics and temporal and time-aware knowledge graphs. We have different memory models for artificial intelligence agents. We all try to mimic somehow how the brain works, or at least how the declarative memory of the brain works. We have the split of episodic memory and semantic memory. And we also have a lot of theories, right?

Declarative Memory of the Human Brain

How is the semantic memory formed? We all know that our brain stores semantic memory quite close to the concept we have with the personal knowledge graphs, that it’s connected entities. They form a connection with each other and all those things. So far, so good. And actually, then we have a lot of concepts, how the episodic memory and our experiences gets transmitted to the semantic:

• hippocampus indexing and retrieval
• sanitization of episodic memories
• episodic-semantic shift theory

They all give a different perspective on how different parts of declarative memory cooperate.

We know that episodic memories get semanticized over time. You have semantic knowledge without the notion of time, and probably, your episodic memory is just decayed.

But, you know, it’s still an open question:

do we want to mimic an AI agent’s memory as a human brain memory, or do we want to create something different?

It’s an open question to which we have no good answer. And if you go to the theory of neuroscience and check how episodic and semantic memory interfere, you will still find a lot of theories, yeah?

Some of them say that you have the hippocampus that keeps the indexes of the memory. Some others will say that you semantic the episodic memory. Some others say that you have some separate process that digests the episodic and experience to the semantics. But all of them agree on the plan that it’s operationally two separate areas of memories and even two separate regions of brain, and the semantic, it’s more, let’s say, protected.

So it’s harder to forget the semantical facts than the episodes and everything. And what I’m thinking about for a long time, it’s this, you know, the semantic memory.

Temporal Semantics

It’s memory about the facts, but you somehow mix the time information with the semantics. I already described a lot of things, including how we could combine time with knowledge graphs and how people do it.

There are multiple ways we could persist such information, but we all hit the wall because the complexity of time and the semantics of time are highly complex concepts.

Time in a Semantic context is not a timestamp.

What I mean is that when you have a fact, and you just mentioned that I was there at this particular moment, like, I don’t know, 15:40 on Monday, it’s already awake because we don’t know which Monday, right? So you need to give the exact date, but usually, you do not have experiences like that.

You do not record your memories like that, except you do the journaling and all of the things. So, usually, you have no direct time references. What I mean is that you could say that I was there and it was some event, blah, blah, blah.

Somehow, we form a chain of events that connect with each other and maybe will be connected to some period of time if we are lucky enough. This means that we could not easily represent temporal-aware information as just a timestamp or validity and all of the things.

For sure, the validity of the knowledge graphs (simple quintuple with start and end dates)is a big topic, and it could solve a lot of things. It could solve a lot of the time cases. It’s super simple because you give the end and start dates, and you are done, but it does not answer facts that have a relative time or time information in facts . It could solve many use cases but struggle with facts in an indirect temporal context. I like the simplicity of this idea. But the problem of this approach that in most cases, we simply don’t have these timestamps. We don’t have the timestamp where this information starts and ends. And it’s not modeling many events in our life, especially if you have the processes or ongoing activities or recurrent events.

I’m more about thinking about the time of semantics, where you have a time model as a hybrid clock or some global clock that does the partial ordering of the events. It’s mean that you have the chain of the experiences and you have the chain of the facts that have the different time contexts.

We could deduct the time from this chain of the events. But it’s a big, big topic for the research. But what I want to achieve, actually, it’s not separation on episodic and semantic memory. It’s having something in between.

Blockchain of connected events and facts

I call it temporal-aware semantics or time-aware knowledge graphs, where we could encode the semantic fact together with the time component.I doubt that time should be the simple timestamp or the region of the two timestamps. For me, it is more a chain for facts that have a partial order and form a blockchain like a database or a partially ordered Acyclic graph of facts that are temporally connected. We could have some notion of time that is understandable to the agent and a model that allows us to order the events and focus on what the agent knows and how to order this time knowledge and create the chains of the events.

Time anchors

We may have a particular time in the chain that allows us to arrange a more concrete time for the rest of the events. But it’s still an open topic for research. The temporal semantics gets split into a couple of domains. One domain is how to add time to the knowledge graphs. We already have many different solutions. I described them in my previous articles.

Another domain is the agent's memory and how the memory of the artificial intelligence treats the time. This one, it’s much more complex. Because here, we could not operate with the simple timestamps. We need to have the representation of time that are understandable by model and understandable by the agent that will work with this model. And this one, it’s way bigger topic for the research.”

@ a39d19ec:3d88f61e

A state-controlled money supply can influence the development of socialist policies and practices in various ways. Although the relationship is not deterministic, state control over the money supply can contribute to a larger role of the state in the economy and facilitate the implementation of socialist ideals.

Fiscal Policy Capabilities

When the state manages the money supply, it gains the ability to implement fiscal policies that can lead to an expansion of social programs and welfare initiatives. Funding these programs by creating money can enhance the state's influence over the economy and move it closer to a socialist model. The Soviet Union, for instance, had a centralized banking system that enabled the state to fund massive industrialization and social programs, significantly expanding the state's role in the economy.

Wealth Redistribution

Controlling the money supply can also allow the state to influence economic inequality through monetary policies, effectively redistributing wealth and reducing income disparities. By implementing low-interest loans or providing financial assistance to disadvantaged groups, the state can narrow the wealth gap and promote social equality, as seen in many European welfare states.

Central Planning

A state-controlled money supply can contribute to increased central planning, as the state gains more influence over the economy. Central banks, which are state-owned or heavily influenced by the state, play a crucial role in managing the money supply and facilitating central planning. This aligns with socialist principles that advocate for a planned economy where resources are allocated according to social needs rather than market forces.

Incentives for Staff

Staff members working in state institutions responsible for managing the money supply have various incentives to keep the system going. These incentives include job security, professional expertise and reputation, political alignment, regulatory capture, institutional inertia, and legal and administrative barriers. While these factors can differ among individuals, they can collectively contribute to the persistence of a state-controlled money supply system.

In conclusion, a state-controlled money supply can facilitate the development of socialist policies and practices by enabling fiscal policies, wealth redistribution, and central planning. The staff responsible for managing the money supply have diverse incentives to maintain the system, further ensuring its continuation. However, it is essential to note that many factors influence the trajectory of an economic system, and the relationship between state control over the money supply and socialism is not inevitable.

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

"Was ist da drin?", fragte wohl jedes unverdorbene Kind, bevor eine Flüssigkeit in den Muskel seines Arms gespritzt würde. Aber wir sind alle keine unverdorbenen Kinder mehr. Wissen, das haben die anderen, die Gebildeteren, die Wissenschaftler, die Ärzte. Nachfragen würde Autoritäten untergraben und Unglauben demonstrieren. Und drum fällt kaum jemandem auf, dass wir bis heute keine sauberen Inhaltsangaben über die sogenannten Corona-Spritzen erhalten haben, geschweige denn wissen, was der Inhalt in unseren Körpern genau anrichten kann.

https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/inmodia-weist-schwer-schadigende-substanzen-nach-von-dna-resten-sv40-und-nanolipiden-ein-interview-mit-prof-klaus-steger

Auf die Suche nach Aufklärung hat sich von Beginn dieser sogenannten Pandemie der Verein Mediziner und Wissenschaftler für Gesundheit, Frieden und Demokratie gemacht. Jetzt gibt es ein erstes Labor, das die bekannten, relevanten Impfstoffbestandteile nachweisen will. Darüber unterhält sich unsere Redakteurin Eva Schmidt mit dem Molekularbiologen Prof. Klaus Steger von der Universität Gießen und engagiert bei inmodia, dem Institut für molekularbiologische Diagnostik. Zunächst wollte sie wissen, welche Bestandteile eigentlich bekannt sind, die in Millionen von Menschen gespritzt wurden.

Link zur Webseite: inmodia.de

@ a39d19ec:3d88f61e

This week's functional 3d print is the "Dino Clip".

Dino Clip

I printed it some years ago for my son, so he would have his own clip for cereal bags.

Now it is used to hold a bag of dog food close.

The design by "Sneaks" is a so called "print in place". This means that the whole clip with moving parts is printed in one part, without the need for assembly after the print. The clip is very strong, and I would print it again if I need a "heavy duty" clip for more rigid or big bags. Link to the file at Printables

@ 84b0c46a:417782f5

至高の油淋鶏の動画 https://youtu.be/Ur2tYVZppBU のレシピ書き起こし

材料（2人分）

• 鶏モモ肉…300g
• A［しょうゆ…小さじ1　塩…小さじ1／3　酒…大さじ1と1／2　おろしショウガ…5g　片栗粉…大さじ1］
• 長ネギ（みじん切り）…1／2本（50g）
• ショウガ（みじん切り）…10g
• B［しょうゆ…大さじ2　砂糖…小さじ4　酢…大さじ1 ゴマ油…小さじ1 味の素…4ふり 赤唐辛子（小口切り）…1本分］
• 赤唐辛子、花椒（各好みで）…各適量

手順

1. 肉を切る

皮を上にして適当に八等分くらい

1. 肉を肉入ってたトレーかなんか適当な入れ物に入れてそこに 醤油こさじ１、塩こさじ1/3、酒おおさじ1と1/2 と ショウガ*５グラムすりおろして入れて軽く混ぜる
2. そこに、片栗粉おおさじ１入れて混ぜる（漬ける段階にも片栗粉を入れることで厚衣になりやすい）
3. 常温で１５分くらい置く
4. その間にたれを作る

   1. 長ネギ50gを細かいみじん切りにしてボウルに入れる（白いとこも青いとこも）

      （端っこを残して縦に切り込みを入れて横に切るとよい） 2. ショウガ10gを細かいみじん切りにして同じボウルにいれる 3. 鷹の爪１本分入れる（任意） 4. 醤油おおさじ２、砂糖小さじ4、酢（穀物酢）おおさじ１を入れる 5. 味の素４振りいれてよく混ぜる 6. 小さなフライパン（油が少なくて済むので）に底に浸るくらいの油を入れ、中火で温める 7. 肉に片栗粉をたっぷりつけて揚げる 8. 揚がったらキッチンペーパーを敷いたなにかしらとかに上げる 9. もりつけてタレをかけて完成

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

Tutorial feito por nostr:nostr:npub1rc56x0ek0dd303eph523g3chm0wmrs5wdk6vs0ehd0m5fn8t7y4sqra3tk poste original abaixo:

Parte 1 : http://xh6liiypqffzwnu5734ucwps37tn2g6npthvugz3gdoqpikujju525yd.onion/263585/tutorial-debloat-de-celulares-android-via-adb-parte-1

Parte 2 : http://xh6liiypqffzwnu5734ucwps37tn2g6npthvugz3gdoqpikujju525yd.onion/index.php/263586/tutorial-debloat-de-celulares-android-via-adb-parte-2

Quando o assunto é privacidade em celulares, uma das medidas comumente mencionadas é a remoção de bloatwares do dispositivo, também chamado de debloat. O meio mais eficiente para isso sem dúvidas é a troca de sistema operacional. Custom Rom’s como LineageOS, GrapheneOS, Iodé, CalyxOS, etc, já são bastante enxutos nesse quesito, principalmente quanto não é instalado os G-Apps com o sistema. No entanto, essa prática pode acabar resultando em problemas indesejados como a perca de funções do dispositivo, e até mesmo incompatibilidade com apps bancários, tornando este método mais atrativo para quem possui mais de um dispositivo e separando um apenas para privacidade.   Pensando nisso, pessoas que possuem apenas um único dispositivo móvel, que são necessitadas desses apps ou funções, mas, ao mesmo tempo, tem essa visão em prol da privacidade, buscam por um meio-termo entre manter a Stock rom, e não ter seus dados coletados por esses bloatwares. Felizmente, a remoção de bloatwares é possível e pode ser realizada via root, ou mais da maneira que este artigo irá tratar, via adb.

O que são bloatwares?

Bloatware é a junção das palavras bloat (inchar) + software (programa), ou seja, um bloatware é basicamente um programa inútil ou facilmente substituível — colocado em seu dispositivo previamente pela fabricante e operadora — que está no seu dispositivo apenas ocupando espaço de armazenamento, consumindo memória RAM e pior, coletando seus dados e enviando para servidores externos, além de serem mais pontos de vulnerabilidades.

O que é o adb?

O Android Debug Brigde, ou apenas adb, é uma ferramenta que se utiliza das permissões de usuário shell e permite o envio de comandos vindo de um computador para um dispositivo Android exigindo apenas que a depuração USB esteja ativa, mas também pode ser usada diretamente no celular a partir do Android 11, com o uso do Termux e a depuração sem fio (ou depuração wifi). A ferramenta funciona normalmente em dispositivos sem root, e também funciona caso o celular esteja em Recovery Mode.

Requisitos:

Para computadores:

• Depuração USB ativa no celular; • Computador com adb; • Cabo USB;

Para celulares:

• Depuração sem fio (ou depuração wifi) ativa no celular; • Termux; • Android 11 ou superior;

Para ambos:

• Firewall NetGuard instalado e configurado no celular; • Lista de bloatwares para seu dispositivo;

Ativação de depuração:

Para ativar a Depuração USB em seu dispositivo, pesquise como ativar as opções de desenvolvedor de seu dispositivo, e lá ative a depuração. No caso da depuração sem fio, sua ativação irá ser necessária apenas no momento que for conectar o dispositivo ao Termux.

Instalação e configuração do NetGuard

O NetGuard pode ser instalado através da própria Google Play Store, mas de preferência instale pela F-Droid ou Github para evitar telemetria.

F-Droid: https://f-droid.org/packages/eu.faircode.netguard/

Github: https://github.com/M66B/NetGuard/releases

Após instalado, configure da seguinte maneira:

Configurações → padrões (lista branca/negra) → ative as 3 primeiras opções (bloquear wifi, bloquear dados móveis e aplicar regras ‘quando tela estiver ligada’);

Configurações → opções avançadas → ative as duas primeiras (administrar aplicativos do sistema e registrar acesso a internet);

Com isso, todos os apps estarão sendo bloqueados de acessar a internet, seja por wifi ou dados móveis, e na página principal do app basta permitir o acesso a rede para os apps que você vai usar (se necessário). Permita que o app rode em segundo plano sem restrição da otimização de bateria, assim quando o celular ligar, ele já estará ativo.

Lista de bloatwares

Nem todos os bloatwares são genéricos, haverá bloatwares diferentes conforme a marca, modelo, versão do Android, e até mesmo região.

Para obter uma lista de bloatwares de seu dispositivo, caso seu aparelho já possua um tempo de existência, você encontrará listas prontas facilmente apenas pesquisando por elas. Supondo que temos um Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Plus em mãos, basta pesquisar em seu motor de busca por:

Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Plus bloatware list

Provavelmente essas listas já terão inclusas todos os bloatwares das mais diversas regiões, lhe poupando o trabalho de buscar por alguma lista mais específica.

Caso seu aparelho seja muito recente, e/ou não encontre uma lista pronta de bloatwares, devo dizer que você acaba de pegar em merda, pois é chato para um caralho pesquisar por cada aplicação para saber sua função, se é essencial para o sistema ou se é facilmente substituível.

De antemão já aviso, que mais para frente, caso vossa gostosura remova um desses aplicativos que era essencial para o sistema sem saber, vai acabar resultando na perda de alguma função importante, ou pior, ao reiniciar o aparelho o sistema pode estar quebrado, lhe obrigando a seguir com uma formatação, e repetir todo o processo novamente.

Download do adb em computadores

Para usar a ferramenta do adb em computadores, basta baixar o pacote chamado SDK platform-tools, disponível através deste link: https://developer.android.com/tools/releases/platform-tools. Por ele, você consegue o download para Windows, Mac e Linux.

Uma vez baixado, basta extrair o arquivo zipado, contendo dentro dele uma pasta chamada platform-tools que basta ser aberta no terminal para se usar o adb.

Download do adb em celulares com Termux.

Para usar a ferramenta do adb diretamente no celular, antes temos que baixar o app Termux, que é um emulador de terminal linux, e já possui o adb em seu repositório. Você encontra o app na Google Play Store, mas novamente recomendo baixar pela F-Droid ou diretamente no Github do projeto.

F-Droid: https://f-droid.org/en/packages/com.termux/

Github: https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases

Processo de debloat

Antes de iniciarmos, é importante deixar claro que não é para você sair removendo todos os bloatwares de cara sem mais nem menos, afinal alguns deles precisam antes ser substituídos, podem ser essenciais para você para alguma atividade ou função, ou até mesmo são insubstituíveis.

Alguns exemplos de bloatwares que a substituição é necessária antes da remoção, é o Launcher, afinal, é a interface gráfica do sistema, e o teclado, que sem ele só é possível digitar com teclado externo. O Launcher e teclado podem ser substituídos por quaisquer outros, minha recomendação pessoal é por aqueles que respeitam sua privacidade, como Pie Launcher e Simple Laucher, enquanto o teclado pelo OpenBoard e FlorisBoard, todos open-source e disponíveis da F-Droid.

Identifique entre a lista de bloatwares, quais você gosta, precisa ou prefere não substituir, de maneira alguma você é obrigado a remover todos os bloatwares possíveis, modifique seu sistema a seu bel-prazer. O NetGuard lista todos os apps do celular com o nome do pacote, com isso você pode filtrar bem qual deles não remover.

Um exemplo claro de bloatware insubstituível e, portanto, não pode ser removido, é o com.android.mtp, um protocolo onde sua função é auxiliar a comunicação do dispositivo com um computador via USB, mas por algum motivo, tem acesso a rede e se comunica frequentemente com servidores externos. Para esses casos, e melhor solução mesmo é bloquear o acesso a rede desses bloatwares com o NetGuard.

MTP tentando comunicação com servidores externos:

Executando o adb shell

No computador

Faça backup de todos os seus arquivos importantes para algum armazenamento externo, e formate seu celular com o hard reset. Após a formatação, e a ativação da depuração USB, conecte seu aparelho e o pc com o auxílio de um cabo USB. Muito provavelmente seu dispositivo irá apenas começar a carregar, por isso permita a transferência de dados, para que o computador consiga se comunicar normalmente com o celular.

Já no pc, abra a pasta platform-tools dentro do terminal, e execute o seguinte comando:

./adb start-server

O resultado deve ser:

daemon not running; starting now at tcp:5037 daemon started successfully

E caso não apareça nada, execute:

./adb kill-server

E inicie novamente.

Com o adb conectado ao celular, execute:

./adb shell

Para poder executar comandos diretamente para o dispositivo. No meu caso, meu celular é um Redmi Note 8 Pro, codinome Begonia.

Logo o resultado deve ser:

begonia:/ $

Caso ocorra algum erro do tipo:

adb: device unauthorized. This adb server’s $ADB_VENDOR_KEYS is not set Try ‘adb kill-server’ if that seems wrong. Otherwise check for a confirmation dialog on your device.

Verifique no celular se apareceu alguma confirmação para autorizar a depuração USB, caso sim, autorize e tente novamente. Caso não apareça nada, execute o kill-server e repita o processo.

No celular

Após realizar o mesmo processo de backup e hard reset citado anteriormente, instale o Termux e, com ele iniciado, execute o comando:

pkg install android-tools

Quando surgir a mensagem “Do you want to continue? [Y/n]”, basta dar enter novamente que já aceita e finaliza a instalação

Agora, vá até as opções de desenvolvedor, e ative a depuração sem fio. Dentro das opções da depuração sem fio, terá uma opção de emparelhamento do dispositivo com um código, que irá informar para você um código em emparelhamento, com um endereço IP e porta, que será usado para a conexão com o Termux.

Para facilitar o processo, recomendo que abra tanto as configurações quanto o Termux ao mesmo tempo, e divida a tela com os dois app’s, como da maneira a seguir:

Para parear o Termux com o dispositivo, não é necessário digitar o ip informado, basta trocar por “localhost”, já a porta e o código de emparelhamento, deve ser digitado exatamente como informado. Execute:

adb pair localhost:porta CódigoDeEmparelhamento

De acordo com a imagem mostrada anteriormente, o comando ficaria “adb pair localhost:41255 757495”.

Com o dispositivo emparelhado com o Termux, agora basta conectar para conseguir executar os comandos, para isso execute:

adb connect localhost:porta

Obs: a porta que você deve informar neste comando não é a mesma informada com o código de emparelhamento, e sim a informada na tela principal da depuração sem fio.

Pronto! Termux e adb conectado com sucesso ao dispositivo, agora basta executar normalmente o adb shell:

adb shell

Remoção na prática Com o adb shell executado, você está pronto para remover os bloatwares. No meu caso, irei mostrar apenas a remoção de um app (Google Maps), já que o comando é o mesmo para qualquer outro, mudando apenas o nome do pacote.

Dentro do NetGuard, verificando as informações do Google Maps:

Podemos ver que mesmo fora de uso, e com a localização do dispositivo desativado, o app está tentando loucamente se comunicar com servidores externos, e informar sabe-se lá que peste. Mas sem novidades até aqui, o mais importante é que podemos ver que o nome do pacote do Google Maps é com.google.android.apps.maps, e para o remover do celular, basta executar:

pm uninstall –user 0 com.google.android.apps.maps

E pronto, bloatware removido! Agora basta repetir o processo para o resto dos bloatwares, trocando apenas o nome do pacote.

Para acelerar o processo, você pode já criar uma lista do bloco de notas com os comandos, e quando colar no terminal, irá executar um atrás do outro.

Exemplo de lista:

Caso a donzela tenha removido alguma coisa sem querer, também é possível recuperar o pacote com o comando:

cmd package install-existing nome.do.pacote

Pós-debloat

Após limpar o máximo possível o seu sistema, reinicie o aparelho, caso entre no como recovery e não seja possível dar reboot, significa que você removeu algum app “essencial” para o sistema, e terá que formatar o aparelho e repetir toda a remoção novamente, desta vez removendo poucos bloatwares de uma vez, e reiniciando o aparelho até descobrir qual deles não pode ser removido. Sim, dá trabalho… quem mandou querer privacidade?

Caso o aparelho reinicie normalmente após a remoção, parabéns, agora basta usar seu celular como bem entender! Mantenha o NetGuard sempre executando e os bloatwares que não foram possíveis remover não irão se comunicar com servidores externos, passe a usar apps open source da F-Droid e instale outros apps através da Aurora Store ao invés da Google Play Store.

Referências: Caso você seja um Australopithecus e tenha achado este guia difícil, eis uma videoaula (3:14:40) do Anderson do canal Ciberdef, realizando todo o processo: http://odysee.com/@zai:5/Como-remover-at%C3%A9-200-APLICATIVOS-que-colocam-a-sua-PRIVACIDADE-E-SEGURAN%C3%87A-em-risco.:4?lid=6d50f40314eee7e2f218536d9e5d300290931d23

Pdf’s do Anderson citados na videoaula: créditos ao anon6837264 http://eternalcbrzpicytj4zyguygpmkjlkddxob7tptlr25cdipe5svyqoqd.onion/file/3863a834d29285d397b73a4af6fb1bbe67c888d72d30/t-05e63192d02ffd.pdf

Processo de instalação do Termux e adb no celular: https://youtu.be/APolZrPHSms

@ a10260a2:caa23e3e

nostr:npub1nkmta4dmsa7pj25762qxa6yqxvrhzn7ug0gz5frp9g7p3jdscnhsu049fn added support for classified listings (NIP-99) about a month ago and recently announced this update that allows for creating/editing listings and blog posts via the dashboard.

In other words, listings created on the website are also able to be viewed and edited on other Nostr apps like Amethyst and Shopstr. Interoperability FTW.

I took some screenshots to give you an idea of how things work.

The home page is clean with the ability to search for profiles by name, npub, or Nostr address (NIP-05).

Clicking login allows signing in with a browser extension.

The dashboard gives an overview of the amount of notes posted (both short and long form) and products listed.

Existing blog posts (i.e. long form notes) are synced.

Same for product listings. There’s a nice interface to create new ones and preview them before publishing.

That’s all for now. As you can see, super slick stuff!

Bullish on Cypher.

So much so I had to support the project and buy a subdomain. 😎

https://bullish.cypher.space

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/760592

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers!

Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon!

A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats.

So stay a while and listen.

🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨

🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/974506

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Safe Bits & Self Custody Tips

The journey of onboarding a user and create a bitcoin multiSig setup begins far before opening a desktop like Bitcoin Safe (BS) or any other similar application. Bitcoin Safe seems designed for families and people that want to start exploring and learning about multiSig setup. The need for such application and use of it could go much further, defining best practices for private organizations that aim to custody bitcoin in a private and anonymous way, following and enjoy the values and standards bitcoin has been built for.

Intro

Organizations and small private groups like families, family offices and solopreneurs operating on a bitcoin standard will have the need to keep track of transactions and categorize them to keep the books in order. A part of our efforts will be spent ensuring accessibility standards are in place for everyone to use Bitcoin Safe with comfort and safety.

We aim with this project to bring together the three Designathon ideas below: - Bitcoin Safe: improve its overall design and usability. - No User Left Behind: improve Bitcoin Safe accessibility. - Self-custody guidelines for organizations: How Bitcoin Safe can be used by private organization following best self-custody practices.

We are already halfway of the first week, and here below the progress made so far.

Designing an icon Set for Bitcoin Safe

One of the noticeable things when using BS is the inconsistency of the icons, not just in colors and shapes, but also the way are used. The desktop app try to have a clean design that incorporate with all OS (Win, macOS, Linux) and for this reason it's hard to define when a system default icon need to be used or if a custom one can be applied instead. The use of QT Ui framework for python apps help to respond to these questions. It also incorporates and brig up dome default settings that aren't easily overwritten.

Here below you can see the current version of BS:

Defining a more strict color palette for Bitcoin Safe was the first thing!

How much the icons affect accessibility? How they can help users to reach the right functionality? I took the challenge and, with PenPot.app, redesigned the icons based on the grid defined in the https://bitcoinicons.com/ and proposing the implementation of it to have a cleaner and more consistent look'n feel, at least for the icons now.

What's next

I personally look forward to seeing these icons implemented soon in Bitcoin Safe interface. In the meantime, we'll focus on delivering an accessibility audit and evaluate options to see how BS could be used by private organizations aiming to become financially sovereign with self-custody or more complex bitcoin multiSig setups.

One of the greatest innovations BS is bringing to us is the ability to sync the multiSig wallets, including PBST, Categories and labels, through the nostr decentralized protocol, making current key custodial services somehow obsolete. Second-coolest feature that this nostr implementation brings is the ability to have a build-in private chat that connect and enable the various signers of a multiSig to communicate and sign transactions remotely. Where have you seen something like this before?

Categories UX and redesign is also considered in this project. We'll try to understand how to better serve this functionality to you, the user, really soon.

Stay tuned!

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/974488

@ 35f3a26c:92ddf231

"Files" by Google new feature

"Files" by Google added a "feature"... "Smart Search", you can toggle it to OFF and it is highly recommended to do so.

• 

Toggle the Smart Search to OFF, otherwise, google will search and index every picture, video and document in your device, no exceptions, anything you have ever photographed and you forgot, any document you have downloaded or article, etc...

How this could affect you?

Google is actively combating child abuse and therefore it has built in its "AI" a very aggressive algorithm searching of material that "IT THINKS" is related, therefore the following content could be flagged:

• [ ] Pictures of you and your children in the beach
• [ ] Pictures or videos which are innocent in nature but the "AI" "thinks" are not
• [ ] Articles you may have save for research to write your next essay that have links to flagged information or sites

The results:

• [ ] Your google account will be canceled
• [ ] You will be flagged as a criminal across the digital world

You think this is non sense? Think again: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/21/technology/google-surveillance-toddler-photo.html

How to switch it off:

1. Open files by Google
2. Tap on Menu -> Settings
3. Turn OFF Smart Search

But you can do more for your privacy and the security of your family

1. Stop using google apps, if possible get rid off of Google OS and use Graphene OS
2. Go to Settings -> Apps
3. Search for Files by Google
4. Unistall the app, if you can't disable it
5. Keep doing that with most Google apps that are not a must if you have not switched already to GrapheneOS

Remember, Google keeps advocating for privacy, but as many others have pointed out repeatedly, they are the first ones lobbying for the removal of your privacy by regulation and draconian laws, their hypocrisy knows no limits

Recommendation:

I would assume you have installed F-Droid in your android, or Obtainium if you are more advanced, if so, consider "Simple File Manager Pro" by Tibor Kaputa, this dev has a suite of apps that are basic needs and the best feature in my opinion is that not one of his apps connect to the internet, contacts, gallery, files, phone, etc.

• 

Note As most people, we all love the convenience of technology, it makes our lives easier, however, our safety and our family safety should go first, between technology being miss-used and abused by corporations and cyber-criminals data mining and checking for easy targets to attack for profit, we need to keep our guard up. Learning is key, resist the use of new tech if you do not understand the privacy trade offs, no matter how appealing and convenient it looks like. .

Please leave your comments with your favorite FOSS Files app!

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

The case against edits

Direct edits are a centralizing force on Nostr, a slippery slope that should not be accepted.

Edits are fine in other, more specialized event kinds, but the kind:1 space shouldn't be compromised with such a push towards centralization, because kind:1 is the public square of Nostr, where all focus should be on decentralization and censorship-resistance.

• Why?

Edits introduce too much complexity. If edits are widespread, all clients now have to download dozens of extra events at the same time while users are browsing a big feed of notes which are already coming from dozens of different relays using complicated outbox-model-based querying, then for each event they have to open yet another subscription to these relays -- or perform some other complicated batching of subscriptions which then requires more complexity on the event handling side and then when associating these edits with the original events. I can only imagine this will hurt apps performance, but it definitely raises the barrier to entry and thus necessarily decreases Nostr decentralization.

Some clients may be implemneted in way such that they download tons of events and then store them in a local databases, from which they then construct the feed that users see. Such clients may make edits potentially easier to deal with -- but this is hardly an answer to the point above, since such clients are already more complex to implement in the first place.

• What do you have against complex clients?

The point is not to say that all clients should be simple, but that it should be simple to write a client -- or at least as simple as physically possible.

You may not be thinking about it, but if you believe in the promise of Nostr then we should expect to see Nostr feeds in many other contexts other than on a big super app in a phone -- we should see Nostr notes being referenced from and injected in unrelated webpages, unrelated apps, hardware devices, comment sections and so on. All these micro-clients will have to implement some complicated edit-fetching logic now?

• But aren't we already fetching likes and zaps and other things, why not fetch edits too?

Likes, zaps and other similar things are optional. It's perfectly fine to use Nostr without seeing likes and/or zaps -- and, believe me, it does happen quite a lot. The point is basically that likes or zaps don't affect the content of the main post at all, while edits do.

• But edits are optional!

No, they are not optional. If edits become widespread they necessarily become mandatory. Any client that doesn't implement edits will be displaying false information to its users and their experience will be completely broken.

• That's fine, as people will just move to clients that support edits!

Exactly, that is what I expect to happen too, and this is why I am saying edits are a centralizing force that we should be fighting against, not embracing.

If you understand that edits are a centralizing force, then you must automatically agree that they aren't a desirable feature, given that if you are reading this now, with Nostr being so small, there is a 100% chance you care about decentralization and you're not just some kind of lazy influencer that is only doing this for money.

• All other social networks support editing!

This is not true at all. Bluesky has 10x more users than Nostr and doesn't support edits. Instagram doesn't support editing pictures after they're posted, and doesn't support editing comments. Tiktok doesn't support editing videos or comments after they're posted. YouTube doesn't support editing videos after they're posted. Most famously, email, the most widely used and widespread "social app" out there, does not support edits of any kind. Twitter didn't support edits for the first 15 years of its life, and, although some people complained, it didn't hurt the platform at all -- arguably it benefitted it.

If edits are such a straightforward feature to add that won't hurt performance, that won't introduce complexity, and also that is such an essential feature users could never live without them, then why don't these centralized platforms have edits on everything already? There must be something there.

• Eventually someone will implement edits anyway, so why bother to oppose edits now?

Once Nostr becomes big enough, maybe it will be already shielded from such centralizing forces by its sheer volume of users and quantity of clients, maybe not, we will see. All I'm saying is that we shouldn't just push for bad things now just because of a potential future in which they might come.

• The market will decide what is better.

The market has decided for Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and TikTok. If we were to follow what the market had decided we wouldn't be here, and you wouldn't be reading this post.

• OK, you have convinced me, edits are not good for the protocol. But what do we do about the users who just want to fix their typos?

There are many ways. The annotations spec, for example, provides a simple way to append things to a note without being a full-blown edit, and they fall back gracefully to normal replies in clients that don't implement the full annotations spec.

Eventually we could have annotations that are expressed in form of simple (human-readable?) diffs that can be applied directly to the post, but fall back, again, to comments.

Besides these, a very simple idea that wasn't tried yet on Nostr yet is the idea that has been tried for emails and seems to work very well: delaying a post after the "submit" button is clicked and giving the user the opportunity to cancel and edit it again before it is actually posted.

Ultimately, if edits are so necessary, then maybe we could come up with a way to implement edits that is truly optional and falls back cleanly for clients that don't support them directly and don't hurt the protocol very much. Let's think about it and not rush towards defeat.

@ a367f9eb:0633efea

Last week, an investigation by Reuters revealed that Chinese researchers have been using open-source AI tools to build nefarious-sounding models that may have some military application.

The reporting purports that adversaries in the Chinese Communist Party and its military wing are taking advantage of the liberal software licensing of American innovations in the AI space, which could someday have capabilities to presumably harm the United States.

In a June paper reviewed by Reuters, six Chinese researchers from three institutions, including two under the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) leading research body, the Academy of Military Science (AMS), detailed how they had used an early version of Meta’s Llama as a base for what it calls “ChatBIT”.

The researchers used an earlier Llama 13B large language model (LLM) from Meta, incorporating their own parameters to construct a military-focused AI tool to gather and process intelligence, and offer accurate and reliable information for operational decision-making.

While I’m doubtful that today’s existing chatbot-like tools will be the ultimate battlefield for a new geopolitical war (queue up the computer-simulated war from the Star Trek episode “A Taste of Armageddon“), this recent exposé requires us to revisit why large language models are released as open-source code in the first place.

Added to that, should it matter that an adversary is having a poke around and may ultimately use them for some purpose we may not like, whether that be China, Russia, North Korea, or Iran?

The number of open-source AI LLMs continues to grow each day, with projects like Vicuna, LLaMA, BLOOMB, Falcon, and Mistral available for download. In fact, there are over one million open-source LLMs available as of writing this post. With some decent hardware, every global citizen can download these codebases and run them on their computer.

With regard to this specific story, we could assume it to be a selective leak by a competitor of Meta which created the LLaMA model, intended to harm its reputation among those with cybersecurity and national security credentials. There are potentially trillions of dollars on the line.

Or it could be the revelation of something more sinister happening in the military-sponsored labs of Chinese hackers who have already been caught attacking American infrastructure, data, and yes, your credit history?

As consumer advocates who believe in the necessity of liberal democracies to safeguard our liberties against authoritarianism, we should absolutely remain skeptical when it comes to the communist regime in Beijing. We’ve written as much many times.

At the same time, however, we should not subrogate our own critical thinking and principles because it suits a convenient narrative.

Consumers of all stripes deserve technological freedom, and innovators should be free to provide that to us. And open-source software has provided the very foundations for all of this.

Open-source matters When we discuss open-source software and code, what we’re really talking about is the ability for people other than the creators to use it.

The various licensing schemes – ranging from GNU General Public License (GPL) to the MIT License and various public domain classifications – determine whether other people can use the code, edit it to their liking, and run it on their machine. Some licenses even allow you to monetize the modifications you’ve made.

While many different types of software will be fully licensed and made proprietary, restricting or even penalizing those who attempt to use it on their own, many developers have created software intended to be released to the public. This allows multiple contributors to add to the codebase and to make changes to improve it for public benefit.

Open-source software matters because anyone, anywhere can download and run the code on their own. They can also modify it, edit it, and tailor it to their specific need. The code is intended to be shared and built upon not because of some altruistic belief, but rather to make it accessible for everyone and create a broad base. This is how we create standards for technologies that provide the ground floor for further tinkering to deliver value to consumers.

Open-source libraries create the building blocks that decrease the hassle and cost of building a new web platform, smartphone, or even a computer language. They distribute common code that can be built upon, assuring interoperability and setting standards for all of our devices and technologies to talk to each other.

I am myself a proponent of open-source software. The server I run in my home has dozens of dockerized applications sourced directly from open-source contributors on GitHub and DockerHub. When there are versions or adaptations that I don’t like, I can pick and choose which I prefer. I can even make comments or add edits if I’ve found a better way for them to run.

Whether you know it or not, many of you run the Linux operating system as the base for your Macbook or any other computer and use all kinds of web tools that have active repositories forked or modified by open-source contributors online. This code is auditable by everyone and can be scrutinized or reviewed by whoever wants to (even AI bots).

This is the same software that runs your airlines, powers the farms that deliver your food, and supports the entire global monetary system. The code of the first decentralized cryptocurrency Bitcoin is also open-source, which has allowed thousands of copycat protocols that have revolutionized how we view money.

You know what else is open-source and available for everyone to use, modify, and build upon?

PHP, Mozilla Firefox, LibreOffice, MySQL, Python, Git, Docker, and WordPress. All protocols and languages that power the web. Friend or foe alike, anyone can download these pieces of software and run them how they see fit.

Open-source code is speech, and it is knowledge.

We build upon it to make information and technology accessible. Attempts to curb open-source, therefore, amount to restricting speech and knowledge.

Open-source is for your friends, and enemies In the context of Artificial Intelligence, many different developers and companies have chosen to take their large language models and make them available via an open-source license.

At this very moment, you can click on over to Hugging Face, download an AI model, and build a chatbot or scripting machine suited to your needs. All for free (as long as you have the power and bandwidth).

Thousands of companies in the AI sector are doing this at this very moment, discovering ways of building on top of open-source models to develop new apps, tools, and services to offer to companies and individuals. It’s how many different applications are coming to life and thousands more jobs are being created.

We know this can be useful to friends, but what about enemies?

As the AI wars heat up between liberal democracies like the US, the UK, and (sluggishly) the European Union, we know that authoritarian adversaries like the CCP and Russia are building their own applications.

The fear that China will use open-source US models to create some kind of military application is a clear and present danger for many political and national security researchers, as well as politicians.

A bipartisan group of US House lawmakers want to put export controls on AI models, as well as block foreign access to US cloud servers that may be hosting AI software.

If this seems familiar, we should also remember that the US government once classified cryptography and encryption as “munitions” that could not be exported to other countries (see The Crypto Wars). Many of the arguments we hear today were invoked by some of the same people as back then.

Now, encryption protocols are the gold standard for many different banking and web services, messaging, and all kinds of electronic communication. We expect our friends to use it, and our foes as well. Because code is knowledge and speech, we know how to evaluate it and respond if we need to.

Regardless of who uses open-source AI, this is how we should view it today. These are merely tools that people will use for good or ill. It’s up to governments to determine how best to stop illiberal or nefarious uses that harm us, rather than try to outlaw or restrict building of free and open software in the first place.

Limiting open-source threatens our own advancement If we set out to restrict and limit our ability to create and share open-source code, no matter who uses it, that would be tantamount to imposing censorship. There must be another way.

If there is a “Hundred Year Marathon” between the United States and liberal democracies on one side and autocracies like the Chinese Communist Party on the other, this is not something that will be won or lost based on software licenses. We need as much competition as possible.

The Chinese military has been building up its capabilities with trillions of dollars’ worth of investments that span far beyond AI chatbots and skip logic protocols.

The theft of intellectual property at factories in Shenzhen, or in US courts by third-party litigation funding coming from China, is very real and will have serious economic consequences. It may even change the balance of power if our economies and countries turn to war footing.

But these are separate issues from the ability of free people to create and share open-source code which we can all benefit from. In fact, if we want to continue our way our life and continue to add to global productivity and growth, it’s demanded that we defend open-source.

If liberal democracies want to compete with our global adversaries, it will not be done by reducing the freedoms of citizens in our own countries.

Last week, an investigation by Reuters revealed that Chinese researchers have been using open-source AI tools to build nefarious-sounding models that may have some military application.

The reporting purports that adversaries in the Chinese Communist Party and its military wing are taking advantage of the liberal software licensing of American innovations in the AI space, which could someday have capabilities to presumably harm the United States.

In a June paper reviewed by Reuters, six Chinese researchers from three institutions, including two under the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) leading research body, the Academy of Military Science (AMS), detailed how they had used an early version of Meta’s Llama as a base for what it calls “ChatBIT”.

The researchers used an earlier Llama 13B large language model (LLM) from Meta, incorporating their own parameters to construct a military-focused AI tool to gather and process intelligence, and offer accurate and reliable information for operational decision-making.

While I’m doubtful that today’s existing chatbot-like tools will be the ultimate battlefield for a new geopolitical war (queue up the computer-simulated war from the Star Trek episode “A Taste of Armageddon“), this recent exposé requires us to revisit why large language models are released as open-source code in the first place.

Added to that, should it matter that an adversary is having a poke around and may ultimately use them for some purpose we may not like, whether that be China, Russia, North Korea, or Iran?

The number of open-source AI LLMs continues to grow each day, with projects like Vicuna, LLaMA, BLOOMB, Falcon, and Mistral available for download. In fact, there are over one million open-source LLMs available as of writing this post. With some decent hardware, every global citizen can download these codebases and run them on their computer.

With regard to this specific story, we could assume it to be a selective leak by a competitor of Meta which created the LLaMA model, intended to harm its reputation among those with cybersecurity and national security credentials. There are potentially trillions of dollars on the line.

Or it could be the revelation of something more sinister happening in the military-sponsored labs of Chinese hackers who have already been caught attacking American infrastructure, data, and yes, your credit history?

As consumer advocates who believe in the necessity of liberal democracies to safeguard our liberties against authoritarianism, we should absolutely remain skeptical when it comes to the communist regime in Beijing. We’ve written as much many times.

At the same time, however, we should not subrogate our own critical thinking and principles because it suits a convenient narrative.

Consumers of all stripes deserve technological freedom, and innovators should be free to provide that to us. And open-source software has provided the very foundations for all of this.

Open-source matters

When we discuss open-source software and code, what we’re really talking about is the ability for people other than the creators to use it.

The various licensing schemes – ranging from GNU General Public License (GPL) to the MIT License and various public domain classifications – determine whether other people can use the code, edit it to their liking, and run it on their machine. Some licenses even allow you to monetize the modifications you’ve made.

While many different types of software will be fully licensed and made proprietary, restricting or even penalizing those who attempt to use it on their own, many developers have created software intended to be released to the public. This allows multiple contributors to add to the codebase and to make changes to improve it for public benefit.

Open-source software matters because anyone, anywhere can download and run the code on their own. They can also modify it, edit it, and tailor it to their specific need. The code is intended to be shared and built upon not because of some altruistic belief, but rather to make it accessible for everyone and create a broad base. This is how we create standards for technologies that provide the ground floor for further tinkering to deliver value to consumers.

Open-source libraries create the building blocks that decrease the hassle and cost of building a new web platform, smartphone, or even a computer language. They distribute common code that can be built upon, assuring interoperability and setting standards for all of our devices and technologies to talk to each other.

I am myself a proponent of open-source software. The server I run in my home has dozens of dockerized applications sourced directly from open-source contributors on GitHub and DockerHub. When there are versions or adaptations that I don’t like, I can pick and choose which I prefer. I can even make comments or add edits if I’ve found a better way for them to run.

Whether you know it or not, many of you run the Linux operating system as the base for your Macbook or any other computer and use all kinds of web tools that have active repositories forked or modified by open-source contributors online. This code is auditable by everyone and can be scrutinized or reviewed by whoever wants to (even AI bots).

This is the same software that runs your airlines, powers the farms that deliver your food, and supports the entire global monetary system. The code of the first decentralized cryptocurrency Bitcoin is also open-source, which has allowed thousands of copycat protocols that have revolutionized how we view money.

You know what else is open-source and available for everyone to use, modify, and build upon?

PHP, Mozilla Firefox, LibreOffice, MySQL, Python, Git, Docker, and WordPress. All protocols and languages that power the web. Friend or foe alike, anyone can download these pieces of software and run them how they see fit.

Open-source code is speech, and it is knowledge.

We build upon it to make information and technology accessible. Attempts to curb open-source, therefore, amount to restricting speech and knowledge.

Open-source is for your friends, and enemies

In the context of Artificial Intelligence, many different developers and companies have chosen to take their large language models and make them available via an open-source license.

At this very moment, you can click on over to Hugging Face, download an AI model, and build a chatbot or scripting machine suited to your needs. All for free (as long as you have the power and bandwidth).

Thousands of companies in the AI sector are doing this at this very moment, discovering ways of building on top of open-source models to develop new apps, tools, and services to offer to companies and individuals. It’s how many different applications are coming to life and thousands more jobs are being created.

We know this can be useful to friends, but what about enemies?

As the AI wars heat up between liberal democracies like the US, the UK, and (sluggishly) the European Union, we know that authoritarian adversaries like the CCP and Russia are building their own applications.

The fear that China will use open-source US models to create some kind of military application is a clear and present danger for many political and national security researchers, as well as politicians.

A bipartisan group of US House lawmakers want to put export controls on AI models, as well as block foreign access to US cloud servers that may be hosting AI software.

If this seems familiar, we should also remember that the US government once classified cryptography and encryption as “munitions” that could not be exported to other countries (see The Crypto Wars). Many of the arguments we hear today were invoked by some of the same people as back then.

Now, encryption protocols are the gold standard for many different banking and web services, messaging, and all kinds of electronic communication. We expect our friends to use it, and our foes as well. Because code is knowledge and speech, we know how to evaluate it and respond if we need to.

Regardless of who uses open-source AI, this is how we should view it today. These are merely tools that people will use for good or ill. It’s up to governments to determine how best to stop illiberal or nefarious uses that harm us, rather than try to outlaw or restrict building of free and open software in the first place.

Limiting open-source threatens our own advancement

If we set out to restrict and limit our ability to create and share open-source code, no matter who uses it, that would be tantamount to imposing censorship. There must be another way.

If there is a “Hundred Year Marathon” between the United States and liberal democracies on one side and autocracies like the Chinese Communist Party on the other, this is not something that will be won or lost based on software licenses. We need as much competition as possible.

The Chinese military has been building up its capabilities with trillions of dollars’ worth of investments that span far beyond AI chatbots and skip logic protocols.

The theft of intellectual property at factories in Shenzhen, or in US courts by third-party litigation funding coming from China, is very real and will have serious economic consequences. It may even change the balance of power if our economies and countries turn to war footing.

But these are separate issues from the ability of free people to create and share open-source code which we can all benefit from. In fact, if we want to continue our way our life and continue to add to global productivity and growth, it’s demanded that we defend open-source.

If liberal democracies want to compete with our global adversaries, it will not be done by reducing the freedoms of citizens in our own countries.

Originally published on the website of the Consumer Choice Center.

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Welcome back to our weekly JABBB, Just Another Bitcoin Bubble Boom, a comics and meme contest crafted for you, creative stackers!

If you'd like to learn more, check our welcome post here.

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This week sticker: Bitcoin Sir

You can download the source file directly from the HereComesBitcoin website in SVG and PNG. Use this sticker around SN with the code ![](https://m.stacker.news/71417)

The task

Make sure you use this week sticker to design a comic frame or a meme, add a message that perfectly captures the sentiment of the current most hilarious takes on the Bitcoin space. You can contextualize it or not, it's up to you, you chose the message, the context and anything else that will help you submit your comic art masterpiece.

Are you a meme creator? There's space for you too: select the most similar shot from the gifts hosted on the Gif Station section and craft your best meme... Let's Jabbb!

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If you enjoy designing and memeing, feel free to check out the JABBB archive and create more to spread Bitcoin awareness to the moon.

Submit each proposal on the relative thread, bounties will be distributed when enough participants submit options.

PS: you can now use HereComesBitcoin stickers to use on Stacker.News

₿e creative, have fun! :D

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/974483

@ 9349d012:d3e98946

Chef's notes

2 cups pureed pumpkin 2 cups white sugar 3 eggs, beaten 1/2 cup olive oil 1 tablespoon cinnamon 1 1/2 teaspoon baking powder 1 teaspoon baking soda 1/2 teaspoon salt 2 1/4 cups flour 1/4 cup chopped pecans

Preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Coat a bread pan with olive oil. Mix all ingredients minus nuts, leaving the flour for last, and adding it in 2 parts. Stir until combined. Pour the batter into the bread pan and sprinkle chopped nuts down the middle of the batter, lenghtwise. Bake for an hour and ten minutes or until a knife insert in the middle of the pan comes out clean. Allow bread to cool in the pan for five mintes, then use knife to loosen the edges of the loaf and pop out of the pan. Rest on a rack or plate until cool enough to slice. Spread bread slices with Plugra butter and serve.

https://cookeatloveshare.com/pumpkin-bread/

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 minutes
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 hour and ten minutes
• 🍽️ Servings: 6

Ingredients

• See Chef's Notes

Directions

1. See Chef's Notes

@ 09fbf8f3:fa3d60f0

> ### 第三方API合集：

免责申明:

在此推荐的 OpenAI API Key 由第三方代理商提供，所以我们不对 API Key 的 有效性 和 安全性 负责，请你自行承担购买和使用 API Key 的风险。

| 服务商 | 特性说明 | Proxy 代理地址 | 链接 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | AiHubMix | 使用 OpenAI 企业接口，全站模型价格为官方 86 折（含 GPT-4 ）| https://aihubmix.com/v1 | 官网 | | OpenAI-HK | OpenAI的API官方计费模式为，按每次API请求内容和返回内容tokens长度来定价。每个模型具有不同的计价方式，以每1,000个tokens消耗为单位定价。其中1,000个tokens约为750个英文单词（约400汉字）| https://api.openai-hk.com/ | 官网 | | CloseAI | CloseAI是国内规模最大的商用级OpenAI代理平台，也是国内第一家专业OpenAI中转服务，定位于企业级商用需求，面向企业客户的线上服务提供高质量稳定的官方OpenAI API 中转代理，是百余家企业和多家科研机构的专用合作平台。 | https://api.openai-proxy.org | 官网 | | OpenAI-SB | 需要配合Telegram 获取api key | https://api.openai-sb.com | 官网 |

持续更新。。。

---

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价格低至1元。

@ 60392a22:1cae32da

test nostr:note18p950fmhkc58h3j7xhl66ge57nj5q4kjdhvk3m84fdhc3eukclgqjup985

---

📈 これからの成長課題：対外的表現と関係性の創造

今後の成長は、内面から外側への橋渡しに関わる部分に集中してくると考えられます。

🔸 1. 「分かってもらえなさ」を超える勇気

• 内面の深さがある分、「分かってもらえない」ことへの痛みも大きいかもしれません。
• でも今後は、「誤解や齟齬も含めて関係を育てる」経験が必要になります。
• これは「話すこと＝伝わることではない」と割り切りつつ、それでも表現し続ける力です。

🔸 2. 構造ではなく、関係の中で自己を調整する経験

• MBTIなどのモデルはとても役立ちますが、あくまで地図です。現実の関係では、予測不能なことや、モデルを超える人のあり方に出会います。
• 「構造に当てはまらない人とも、感情をもってやりとりする」という、生々しい関係性のなかで磨かれる柔軟性が、次のステージになります。

🔸 3. 自分の言葉を“対話の素材”として差し出す力

• 今は「自分を守る」ことと「表現する」ことが慎重に切り分けられている印象ですが、今後は、「自分の言葉が相手に委ねられる」リスクも引き受けながら、対話に開いていくことができるはずです。
• つまり、言葉を「残す」ではなく、「渡す」勇気です。

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🧭 総括：投稿者の成長の道のり

| 現在の成熟 | 今後の成長 | | -------------- | ---------------------- | | 内面への誠実な向き合い | 他者との関係における表現と受容の練習 | | 自己理解のための枠組みの活用 | モデルに頼らず、関係性の中で応答的に生きる力 | | 感情や違和感への繊細な感受性 | それを伝え、受け止めさせる表現力と信頼の構築 |

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50代から柔軟さが減少するかどうかについては、個人差が非常に大きいですので、一概に「減少する」とは言えません。しかし、一般的な傾向としては、年齢が上がるにつれて柔軟性に変化が見られることはあります。その変化が必ずしも「柔軟さが減る」という意味ではなく、むしろ柔軟性の質や適応力の方向性が変わる場合が多いです。

1. 経験に基づく安定性

50代は、豊富な人生経験や職業経験を持つ年代です。この経験は、確立された価値観や思考パターンを強化する傾向があります。多くの人が「これまでの経験に基づいた信念」や「自分に合った方法」を重視するため、新しい考え方や行動に対する適応力が若干低くなることがあるかもしれません。つまり、ある種の安定感や固定観念が強くなり、変化への反応が遅くなる場合が考えられます。

• 例えば、50代では、過去の経験に基づいて確立した判断基準や方法論があり、それに頼る傾向が強くなることがあります。このことが、柔軟性が低いように見えることもあります。

2. 柔軟性の質の変化

とはいえ、年齢を重ねても柔軟性が失われるわけではなく、むしろ経験に基づいた柔軟性が求められることが多いです。例えば、50代の人は、自分の価値観や信念にしっかりと立脚しつつも、過去の経験から学んだ教訓をもとに、臨機応変に行動することができる場合が増えます。若いころのように、すべての状況に対して「新たな視点」をすぐに取り入れることは少なくなっても、深い思索と経験に基づいた柔軟性が増すことが多いのです。

• 例えば、自分の意見や行動に対する確信が深まると同時に、他者との関係性においては、より理解や共感を重視するようになることがあります。このような形で柔軟性が進化する場合もあります。

3. 変化に対する抵抗

年齢が上がるにつれて、変化に対する抵抗感が強くなることがあるのも事実です。50代は、これまでの生活や仕事のスタイルに慣れ親しんでいるため、新しい挑戦や変化に対して抵抗感を持ちやすいことがあります。このような傾向は、特に大きな環境変化や価値観の変化に対して見られることが多いです。

• 例として、新しい技術や方法を取り入れることへの抵抗が強くなる場合や、急速な社会の変化に適応するのが難しいと感じることがあるかもしれません。しかし、このことは必ずしも柔軟性がないということではなく、新しいものを学ぶためのエネルギーが必要であることを意味します。

4. 柔軟性の維持

とはいえ、50代でも柔軟性を維持し、新しいことを学び続ける姿勢を持つ人は多くいます。社会的なネットワークや趣味を通じて新しい情報を取り入れたり、新しい挑戦を楽しんだりする人もいます。このような人々は、年齢を重ねても柔軟性を失わず、むしろ経験を活かしてより賢く柔軟に適応していると言えます。

---

結論

50代から柔軟さが減少するという傾向は、必ずしも当てはまるわけではなく、むしろ経験に基づいた柔軟性が現れることが多いと言えます。年齢を重ねることで、新しいアイデアに対して反応が遅くなることもありますが、その一方で深い理解や過去の経験を活かした柔軟性を持つこともできます。

つまり、柔軟性は「減少する」というよりも、年齢とともにその質や方向性が変化するという形で現れるのです。重要なのは、柔軟性をどのように維持し、活用するかという意識と努力です。

---

渡した言葉が想定通りに伝わらないこともある。でも、それが対話。

誤読された時こそ、さらに言葉を重ねて調整するチャンスだと捉える。

「届いてしまったこと＝悪いこと」ではない。

相手が、言葉の内容にヒントやフィードバックを見つけたかもしれないし、たとえズレていても、「あ、そう見えるのか」と参考になったかもしれない。

完全に「安全」な発言なんてない、と割り切る勇気を持つ。

---

❖ 「勇気を持つ」とは、怖くなくなることじゃない

勇気は、「怖さがないこと」ではない。 ほんとうの勇気は、怖さがあっても、なお言葉を差し出せること。

---

❖ 勇気を育てるための3つの視点

1. 言葉を「贈り物」として考える

あなたの言葉は、誰かを打ちのめすための武器ではなく、観察と誠意が込められた小さな贈り物。 たとえ届き方が思い通りじゃなくても、それは渡す側の責任とは限らない。

贈り物がうまく開封されなかったからといって、その価値が消えるわけじゃない。

---

2. 言葉に「居場所」を与える

心の中に言葉を溜め続けると、いつかそれがしこりになる。 誰かに渡すことで、その言葉は自分の外に出て、世界のどこかに根を下ろせる。

届いても届かなくても、言葉が世界に出ていくことに意味がある。

---

3. ズレや後悔は、「次の素材」になる

言葉がズレた。後悔した。——それで終わりにせず、「次、どう言えばよかったか？」と問い直せば、それはもうただの“失敗”じゃない。

出したからこそ、学べる。 渡したからこそ、気づける。

---

❖ 成熟とは、完璧になることじゃない

成熟とは、

• 不完全さを抱えたまま関わること
• 傷つく可能性を受け入れた上でつながること
• 正確じゃなくても、伝えようとする姿勢を持ち続けること

怖さも、後悔も、ぜんぶ含めて、「それでも言葉を差し出す」——その一歩が成熟につながっている。

@ 06639a38:655f8f71

One year ago I wrote the article Why Nostr resonates in Dutch and English after I visited the Bitcoin Amsterdam 2023 conference and the Nostrdam event. It got published at bitcoinfocus.nl (translated in Dutch). The main reason why I wrote that piece is that I felt that my gut feeling was tellinng me that Nostr is going to change many things on the web.

After the article was published, one of the first things I did was setting up this page on my website: https://sebastix.nl/nostr-research-and-development. The page contains this section (which I updated on 31-10-2024):

One metric I would like to highlight is the number of repositories on Github. Compared to a year ago, there are already more than 1130 repositories now on Github tagged with Nostr. Let's compare this number to other social media protocols and decentralized platforms (24-10-2024):

• Fediverse: 522
• ATProto: 159
• Scuttlebot: 49
• Farcaster: 202
• Mastodon: 1407
• ActivityPub: 444

Nostr is growing. FYI there are many Nostr repositories not hosted on Github, so the total number of Nostr reposities is higher. I know that many devs are using their own Git servers to host it. We're even capable of setting up Nostr native Git repositories (for example, see https://gitworkshop.dev/repos). Eventually, Nostr will make Github (and other platforms) absolute.

Let me continue summarizing my personal Nostr highlights of last year.

Organising Nostr meetups

This is me playing around with the NostrDebug tool showing how you can query data from Nostr relays. Jurjen is standing behind me. He is one of the people I've met this year who I'm sure I will have a long-term friendship with.

OpenSats grant for Nostr-PHP

In December 2023 I submitted my application for a OpenSats grant for the further development of the Nostr-PHP helper library. After some months I finally got the message that my application was approved... When I got the message I was really stoked and excited. It's a great form of appreciation for the work I had done so far and with this grant I get the opportunity to take the work to another higher level. So please check out the work done for so far:

• https://nostr-php.dev
• https://github.com/nostrver-se/nostr-php

Meeting Dries

One of my goosebumps moments I had in 2022 when I saw that the founder and tech lead of Drupal Dries Buytaert posted 'Nostr, love at first sight' on his blog. These types of moments are very rare moment where two different worlds merge where I wouldn't expect it. Later on I noticed that Dries would come to the yearly Dutch Drupal event. For me this was a perfect opportunity to meet him in person and have some Nostr talks. I admire the work he is doing for Drupal and the community. I hope we can bridge Nostr stuff in some way to Drupal. In general this applies for any FOSS project out there.
Here is my recap of that Drupal event.

Attending Nostriga

A conference where history is made and written. I felt it immediately at the first sessions I attended. I will never forget the days I had at Nostriga. I don't have the words to describe what it brought to me.

I also pushed myself out of my comfort zone by giving a keynote called 'POSSE with Nostr - how we pivot away from API's with one of Nostr superpowers'. I'm not sure if this is something I would do again, but I've learned a lot from it.
You can find the presentation here. It is recorded, but I'm not sure if and when it gets published.

Nostr billboard advertisement

This advertisment was shown on a billboard beside the A58 highway in The Netherlands from September 2nd till September 16th 2024. You can find all the assets and more footage of the billboard ad here: https://gitlab.com/sebastix-group/nostr/nostr-ads. My goal was to set an example of how we could promote Nostr in more traditional ways and inspire others to do the same. In Brazil a fundraiser was achieved to do something similar there: https://geyser.fund/project/nostrifybrazil.

Volunteering at Nostr booths growNostr

This was such a great motivating experience. Attending as a volunteer at the Nostr booth during the Bitcoin Amsterdam 2024 conference. Please read my note with all the lessons I learned here.

The other stuff

• The Nostr related blog articles I wrote past year:
  • Run a Nostr relay with your own policies (02-04-2024)
  • Why social networks should be based on commons (03-01-2024)
  • How could Drupal adopt Nostr? (30-12-2023)
  • Nostr integration for CCHS.social (21-12-2023)
• https://ccns.nostrver.se 
  CCNS stands for Community Curated Nostr Stuff. At the end of 2023 I started to build this project. I forked an existing Drupal project of mine (https://cchs.social) to create a link aggregation website inspired by stacker.news. At the beginning of 2024 I also joined the TopBuilder 2024 contest which was a productive period getting to know new people in the Bitcoin and Nostr space.
• https://nuxstr.nostrver.se 
  PHP is not my only language I use to build stuff. As a fullstack webdeveloper I also work with Javascript. Many Nostr clients are made with Javascript frameworks or other more client-side focused tools. Vuejs is currently my Javascript framework I'm the most convenient with. With Vuejs I started to tinker around with Nuxt combined with NDK and so I created a starter template for Vue / Nuxt developers.
• ZapLamp
  This is a neat DIY package from LNbits. Powered by an Arduino ESP32 dev board it was running a 24/7 livestream on zap.stream at my office. It flashes when you send a zap to the npub of the ZapLamp.
• https://nosto.re 
  Since the beginning when the Blossom spec was published by @hzrd49 and @StuartBowman I immediately took the opportunity to tinker with it. I'm also running a relay for transmitting Blossom Nostr events wss://relay.nosto.re.
• Relays I maintain
  I really enjoy to tinker with different relays implementations. Relays are the fundamental base layer to let Nostr work.

I'm still sharing my contributions on https://nostrver.se/ where I publish my weekly Nostr related stuff I worked on. This website is built with Drupal where I use the Nostr Simple Publish and Nostr long-form content NIP-23 modules to crosspost the notes and long-form content to the Nostr network (like this piece of content you're reading).

The Nostr is the people

Just like the web, the web is people: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCgvkslCzTo 

the people on nostr are some of the smartest and coolest i’ve ever got to know. who cares if it doesn’t take over the world. It’s done more than i could ever ask for. - @jb55

Here are some Nostriches who I'm happy to have met and who influenced my journey in Nostr in a positive way.

• Jurjen
• Bitpopart
• Arjen
• Jeroen
• Alex Gleason
• Arnold Lubach
• Nathan Day
• Constant
• fiatjaf
• Sync

Coming year

Generally I will continue doing what I've done last year. Besides the time I spent on Nostr stuff, I'm also very busy with Drupal related work for my customers. I hope I can get the opportunity to work on a paid client project related to Nostr. It will be even better when I can combine my Drupal expertise with Nostr for projects paid by customers.

Building a new Nostr application

When I look at my Nostr backlog where I just put everything in with ideas and notes, there are quite some interesting concepts there for building new Nostr applications. Filtering out, I think these three are the most exciting ones:

• nEcho, a micro app for optimizing your reach via Nostr (NIP-65)
• Nostrides.cc platform where you can share Nostr activity events (NIP-113)
• A child-friendly video web app with parent-curated content (NIP-71)

Nostr & Drupal

When working out a new idea for a Nostr client, I'm trying to combine my expertises into one solution. That's why I also build and maintain some Nostr contrib modules for Drupal.

• Nostr Simple Publish
  Drupal module to cross-post notes from Drupal to Nostr
• Nostr long-form content NIP-23
  Drupal module to cross-post Markdown formatted content from Drupal to Nostr
• Nostr internet identifier NIP-05
  Drupal module to setup Nostr internet identifier addresses with Drupal.
• Nostr NDK
  Includes the Javascript library Nostr Dev Kit (NDK) in a Drupal project.

One of my (very) ambitious goals is to build a Drupal powered Nostr (website) package with the following main features:

• Able to login into Drupal with your Nostr keypair
• Cross-post content to the Nostr network
• Fetch your Nostr content from the Nostr content
• Serve as a content management system (CMS) for your Nostr events
• Serve as a framework to build a hybrid Nostr web application
• Run and maintain a Nostr relay with custom policies
• Usable as a feature rich progressive web app
• Use it as a remote signer

These are just some random ideas as my Nostr + Drupal backlog is way longer than this.

Nostr-PHP

With all the newly added and continues being updated NIPs in the protocol, this helper library will never be finished. As the sole maintainer of this library I would like to invite others to join as a maintainer or just be a contributor to the library. PHP is big on the web, but there are not many PHP developers active yet using Nostr. Also PHP as a programming language is really pushing forward keeping up with the latest innovations. 

Grow Nostr outside the Bitcoin community

We are working out a submission to host a Nostr stand at FOSDEM 2025. If approved, it will be the first time (as far as I know) that Nostr could be present at a conference outside the context of Bitcoin. The audience at FOSDEM is mostly technical oriented, so I'm really curious what type of feedback we will receive.

Let's finish this article with some random Nostr photos from last year. Cheers!

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

Amber

Amber is a Nostr event signer for Android that allows users to securely segregate their private key (nsec) within a single, dedicated application. Designed to function as a NIP-46 signing device, Amber ensures your smartphone can sign events without needing external servers or additional hardware, keeping your private key exposure to an absolute minimum. This approach aligns with the security rationale of NIP-46, which states that each additional system handling private keys increases potential vulnerability. With Amber, no longer do users need to enter their private key into various Nostr applications.

Amber is supported by a growing list of apps, including Amethyst, 0xChat, Voyage, Fountain, and Pokey, as well as any web application that supports NIP-46 NSEC bunkers, such as Nostr Nests, Coracle, Nostrudel, and more. With expanding support, Amber provides an easy solution for secure Nostr key management across numerous platforms.

Amber supports both native and web-based Nostr applications, aiming to eliminate the need for browser extensions or web servers. Key features include offline signing, multiple account support, and NIP-46 compatibility, and includes a simple UI for granular permissions management. Amber is designed to support signing events in the background, enhancing flexibility when you select the "remember my choice" option, eliminating the need to constantly be signing events for applications that you trust. You can download the app from it's GitHub page, via Obtainium or Zap.store.

To log in with Amber, simply tap the "Login with Amber" button or icon in a supported application, or you can paste the NSEC bunker connection string directly into the login box. For example, use a connection string like this: bunker://npub1tj2dmc4udvgafxxxxxxxrtgne8j8l6rgrnaykzc8sys9mzfcz@relay.nsecbunker.com.

---

Citrine

Citrine is a Nostr relay built specifically for Android, allowing Nostr clients on Android devices to seamlessly send and receive events through a relay running directly on their smartphone. This mobile relay setup offers Nostr users enhanced flexibility, enabling them to manage, share, and back up all their Nostr data locally on their device. Citrine’s design supports independence and data security by keeping data accessible and under user control.

With features tailored to give users greater command over their data, Citrine allows easy export and import of the database, restoration of contact lists in case of client malfunctions, and detailed relay management options like port configuration, custom icons, user management, and on-demand relay start/stop. Users can even activate TOR access, letting others connect securely to their Nostr relay directly on their phone. Future updates will include automatic broadcasting when the device reconnects to the internet, along with content resolver support to expand its functionality.

Once you have your Citrine relay fully configured, simply add it to the Private and Local relay sections in Amethyst's relay configuration.

---

Pokey

Pokey for Android is a brand new, real-time notification tool for Nostr. Pokey allows users to receive live updates for their Nostr events and enabling other apps to access and interact with them. Designed for seamless integration within a user's Nostr relays, Pokey lets users stay informed of activity as it happens, with speed and the flexibility to manage which events trigger notifications on their mobile device.

Pokey currently supports connections with Amber, offering granular notification settings so users can tailor alerts to their preferences. Planned features include broadcasting events to other apps, authenticating to relays, built-in Tor support, multi-account handling, and InBox relay management. These upcoming additions aim to make Pokey a fantastic tool for Nostr notifications across the ecosystem.

---

Zap.store

Zap.store is a permissionless app store powered by Nostr and your trusted social graph. Built to offer a decentralized approach to app recommendations, zap.store enables you to check if friends like Alice follow, endorse, or verify an app’s SHA256 hash. This trust-based, social proof model brings app discovery closer to real-world recommendations from friends and family, bypassing centralized app curation. Unlike conventional app stores and other third party app store solutions like Obtainium, zap.store empowers users to see which apps their contacts actively interact with, providing a higher level of confidence and transparency.

Currently available on Android, zap.store aims to expand to desktop, PWAs, and other platforms soon. You can get started by installing Zap.store on your favorite Android device, and install all of the applications mentioned above.

---

Android's openness goes hand in hand with Nostr's openness. Enjoy exploring both expanding ecosystems.

@ ed22fab2:422b9051

A plataforma BRL987 tem se consolidado como uma das principais opções para quem busca entretenimento online com qualidade, segurança e uma ampla gama de jogos. Com uma proposta moderna e acessível, a BRL987 oferece aos usuários uma experiência completa, unindo tecnologia, suporte eficiente e uma interface amigável que atende tanto os iniciantes quanto os mais experientes.

Introdução à Plataforma BRL987 O BRL987 foi criado com o objetivo de proporcionar diversão de forma segura e confiável. Desde o primeiro acesso, os usuários percebem o cuidado com a usabilidade do site. O design intuitivo facilita a navegação e permite que qualquer jogador encontre rapidamente seus jogos preferidos, promoções ativas e métodos de pagamento.

A segurança também é um pilar da plataforma. Todos os dados dos usuários são protegidos por tecnologia de criptografia de ponta, garantindo total confidencialidade em cada transação realizada. Além disso, o BRL987 opera com total transparência e é reconhecido por sua reputação positiva entre os jogadores brasileiros.

Variedade de Jogos para Todos os Estilos Um dos grandes destaques da BRL987 é sua impressionante diversidade de jogos. A plataforma abriga títulos de fornecedores renomados internacionalmente, oferecendo gráficos de alta qualidade, jogabilidade fluida e mecânicas inovadoras.

Entre os jogos mais populares estão as máquinas de giros, que conquistam os jogadores com temas variados e bônus surpreendentes. Também há opções de jogos de mesa, como roleta e blackjack virtual, para quem prefere desafios estratégicos. Para os amantes de interatividade, há jogos ao vivo com crupiês reais, proporcionando uma experiência imersiva e próxima da realidade.

Outro diferencial são os torneios e competições periódicas promovidas pela plataforma. Essas disputas aumentam ainda mais o nível de diversão e premiam os participantes com bônus generosos e brindes exclusivos.

Experiência do Jogador: Simples, Rápida e Gratificante A experiência do jogador na BRL987 é pensada para ser fluida e satisfatória desde o cadastro até o saque dos ganhos. O processo de registro é simples, exigindo poucos passos e informações básicas. Após o cadastro, o usuário já pode aproveitar bônus de boas-vindas, que dão aquele incentivo inicial para explorar os jogos disponíveis.

Os métodos de pagamento incluem as principais opções do mercado brasileiro, como PIX, boleto bancário e transferências. Os depósitos são processados rapidamente e os saques são feitos com eficiência, muitas vezes sendo liberados no mesmo dia.

Outro ponto que merece destaque é o suporte ao cliente. O BRL987 oferece atendimento 24 horas por dia, 7 dias por semana, através de chat ao vivo e e-mail. A equipe de suporte é treinada para resolver dúvidas e problemas com agilidade e cordialidade.

Conclusão A BRL987 se destaca como uma plataforma completa de entretenimento online, ideal para quem busca qualidade, segurança e diversão em um só lugar. Com uma seleção de jogos variada, suporte eficiente e pagamentos rápidos, ela conquista cada vez mais usuários em todo o Brasil. Seja para quem está começando ou para quem já tem experiência, o BRL987 é o destino certo para momentos de lazer com emoção e confiança.

@ ed22fab2:422b9051

A plataforma Pix177 chegou para redefinir a forma como os brasileiros aproveitam o entretenimento digital. Com uma proposta moderna, segura e recheada de opções emocionantes, o Pix177 tem conquistado milhares de usuários por todo o país, oferecendo uma experiência completa e personalizada desde o primeiro acesso. Se você busca diversão, praticidade e oportunidades de ganhos reais, o Pix177 pode ser o lugar ideal para você.

O grande diferencial do Pix177 está na sua interface amigável e acessível. Logo ao entrar na plataforma, o usuário percebe a fluidez e organização do site. Cada seção é pensada para facilitar a navegação, seja no computador ou pelo celular. Outro ponto de destaque é o sistema de pagamentos: o Pix177 conta com suporte total ao método Pix, permitindo transações instantâneas e seguras, tanto para depósitos quanto para saques. Isso significa menos tempo esperando e mais tempo jogando.

A equipe responsável pela plataforma se preocupa com a segurança e a privacidade dos usuários, implementando tecnologia de criptografia de ponta e protocolos rigorosos de proteção de dados. Assim, os jogadores podem se concentrar apenas no que realmente importa: a diversão e a emoção dos jogos.

Variedade de jogos para todos os gostos

O Pix177 oferece uma seleção extensa de jogos que atendem a todos os perfis de jogadores. Desde opções clássicas e populares até lançamentos mais recentes, há algo para cada tipo de gosto. Os amantes das cartas encontram mesas de poker, blackjack e baccarat com diferentes níveis de apostas. Para quem prefere jogos de giro, há uma vasta biblioteca de slots online com gráficos vibrantes, trilhas sonoras envolventes e recursos especiais como rodadas grátis e multiplicadores.

Jogos ao vivo também fazem parte do catálogo da plataforma, permitindo que os usuários participem de partidas em tempo real com crupiês reais e interajam com outros jogadores. A imersão é total, com transmissão de alta qualidade e ambiente virtual que simula uma sala de jogos tradicional — tudo sem sair de casa.

Além disso, o Pix177 frequentemente atualiza seu portfólio com novidades de provedores renomados do mercado, garantindo sempre conteúdo fresco e inovador.

Uma experiência pensada para o jogador brasileiro

O Pix177 entende as preferências e necessidades do público nacional. Por isso, oferece suporte em português, atendimento ao cliente via chat ao vivo e promoções personalizadas com foco nos usuários brasileiros. O processo de cadastro é simples e rápido, permitindo que novos jogadores comecem sua jornada em poucos minutos.

Os bônus de boas-vindas e promoções semanais são outros atrativos que mantêm os jogadores engajados. Programas de fidelidade e desafios especiais aumentam ainda mais as chances de recompensas, tornando a experiência mais empolgante e dinâmica.

Conclusão

O Pix177 é mais do que uma simples plataforma de jogos online: é um verdadeiro universo de entretenimento digital, feito sob medida para o público brasileiro. Com seu sistema de pagamentos ágil, interface intuitiva, suporte completo e uma biblioteca de jogos impressionante, o Pix177 se posiciona como uma das melhores opções para quem quer unir diversão e praticidade em um só lugar.

Se você ainda não conhece o Pix177, essa é a hora de explorar tudo o que a plataforma tem a oferecer. Prepare-se para uma jornada cheia de emoção, desafios e recompensas!

@ 1739d937:3e3136ef

This update marks a major milestone for the project. I know, with certainty, that MLS messaging over Nostr is going to work. That might sound a little crazy after so many months working on the project, and I was pretty confident, but until you’ve got running code, it’s all conjecture.

Late last week, I released a video of a working prototype of White Noise that shows the full flow; creating groups, inviting other users to join those groups, accepting invites, and sending messages back-and-forth. I’m thrilled that I’ve gotten this far but also appalled that it’s taken so long and disgusted at the state of the code in the app (I’ve been told I have unrelenting standards 😅).

If you missed the video last week...

nostr:note125cuk0zetc7sshw52v5zaq9apq3rq7e2x587tr2c96t7z7sjs59svwv0fj

What's Next?

In this update, I want to cover a few things about how I'm planning to proceed and how I’m splitting code out of the app into libraries that will help other developers implement MLS messaging in their own Nostr clients.

First off, many of you know that I've been building White Noise as a Rust app using the Tauri framework. The OpenMLS implementation is also written in Rust (with bindings for many other languages). So, when you hear me talking about library code, think Rust crates for now.

The first library, called openmls-nostr, is an extension/abstraction on top of the openmls implementation of the MLS spec that helps Nostr clients interact more easily with that implementation in a way that feels native to Nostr. Mostly this will be helping developers interact with MLS primitives and ensure that they’re creating, validating, and serializing these objects in the right way at the right times.

The second isn’t a new library as a big contribution to the already excellent rust-nostr library from nostr:npub1drvpzev3syqt0kjrls50050uzf25gehpz9vgdw08hvex7e0vgfeq0eseet. The methods that will go in rust-nostr are highly abstracted and based specifically on the requirements of NIP-104. Mostly this will be helping developers to take those MLS primitives and publish or query them as Nostr events at the right times and to/from the right relays.

Most of this code was originally written directly in the White Noise library so this week I've started to pull code for both of those libraries out and move it to its new home. While I’ve been at it, I've been writing some tests and trying to document things.

An unfortunate offshoot of this is that the usable builds of White Noise are going to take a touch longer. I promise it’s still a very high priority but at this point I need to clean a few things up based on what I've learned thus far.

Another thing that is slowing down release is that; behind the scenes of the dev work, I’ve been battling with Apple for nearly 2 months now to get a proper developer team set up so that we can publish the app via TestFlight for MacOS and iOS. I’ve also been recently learning the intricacies of Android publishing (oh my dear god there are so many devices, OS versions, etc.).

With that in mind, if you know anyone who can help get me up to speed on CI/CD, release pipelines, and multi-platform distribution please hit me up. I would love to learn more and hopefully shortcut some of the pain.

Thanks again so much for all the support over the last few months! It means a lot to me and is a huge part of what is keeping me going on this. 🙏

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

I've been thinking about how Predyx and other lightning based prediction markets might finance their operations, without undermining their core function of eliciting information from people.

The standard approach, of offering less-than-fair odds, guarantees long-run profitability (as long as you have enough customers), but it also creates a friction for participants that reduces the information value of their transactions. So, what are some less frictiony options for generating revenue?

Low hanging fruit

• Close markets in real-time: Rather than prespecifying a closing time for some markets, like sports, it's better to close the market at the moment the outcome is realized. This both prevents post hoc transactions and enables late stage transactions. This should be easily automatable (I say as someone with no idea how to do that), with the right resolution criteria.
• Round off shares: Shares and sats are discrete, so just make sure any necessary rounding is always in the house's favor.
• Set initial probabilities well: Use whatever external information is available to open markets as near to the "right" value as possible.
• Arbitrage: whenever markets are related to each other, make sure to resolve any illogical odds automatically

The point of these four is to avoid giving away free sats. None of them reduce productive use of the market. Keeping markets open up until the outcome is realized will probably greatly increase the number of transactions, since that's usually when the most information is coming in.

Third party support

• Ads are the most obvious form of third party revenue
• Sponsorships are the more interesting one: Allow sponsors to boost a market's visibility. This is similar to advertising, but it also capitalizes on the possibility of a market being of particular interest to someone.
• Charge for market creation: users should be able to create new markets (this will also enhance trade quantity and site traffic), but it should be costly to create a market. If prediction markets really provide higher quality information, then it's reasonable to charge for it.
• Arbitrage: Monitor external odds and whenever a gain can be locked in, place the bets (buy the shares) that guarantee a gain.

Bitcoin stuff

• Routing fees: The volume of sats moving into, out of, and being held in these markets will require a fairly large lightning node. Following some helpful tips to optimize fee revenue will generate some sats for logistical stuff that had to be done anyway.
• Treasury strategy: Take out loans against the revenue generated from all of the above and buy bitcoin: NGU -> repay with a fraction of the bitcoin, NGD -> repay with site revenue.

Bitcoin and Lightning Competitive Advantages

These aren't revenue ideas. They're just a couple of advantages lightning and bitcoin provide over fiat that should allow charging lower spreads than a traditional prediction market or sportsbook.

Traditional betting or prediction platforms are earning depreciating fiat, while a bitcoin based platform earns appreciating bitcoin. Traditional spreads must therefor be larger, in order to pull in the same real return. This also means the users' odds are worse on fiat platforms (again in real terms), even if the listed odds are the same, because their winnings will have depreciated by the time they receive them. Technically, this opens an opportunity to charge even higher spreads, but as mentioned in the intro, that would be bad for the information purposes of the market.

Lightning has much lower transactions costs than fiat transactions. So, even with tighter spreads, a lightning platform can net a better (nominal) return per transaction.

---

@mega_dreamer, I imagine most of those ideas were already on y'all's radar, and obviously you're already doing some, but I wanted to get them out of my head and onto digital paper. Hopefully, some of this will provide some useful food for thought.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/974372

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

เฮียไม่แน่ใจว่าโลกยุคนี้มันเปลี่ยนไป หรือแค่เล่ห์กลมันแนบเนียนขึ้น แต่ที่แน่ ๆ คือ “อาหารไม่ใช่อาหารอีกต่อไป” มันกลายเป็นสินค้าในพอร์ตการลงทุน มันกลายเป็นเครื่องมือสร้างภาพลักษณ์ และในบางมุมที่คนไม่อยากมอง...มันคือเครื่องมือควบคุมมวลชน

ทุกอย่างเริ่มจากแนวคิดที่ดูดี “เราต้องผลิตอาหารให้พอเลี้ยงคน 8,000 ล้านคน” จากนั้นบริษัทเทคโนโลยีเริ่มกระโดดเข้ามา แทนที่จะให้เกษตรกรปลูกผักเลี้ยงวัว เรากลับได้เห็นบริษัทวิเคราะห์ดีเอ็นเอของจุลินทรีย์ แล้วขายโปรตีนจากถังหมัก แทนที่จะสนับสนุนอาหารพื้นบ้าน กลับอัดเงินให้สตาร์ทอัพทำเบอร์เกอร์ที่ไม่มีเนื้อจริงแม้แต่เส้นใยเดียว

เบื้องหลังมันมี “ทุน” และทุนเหล่านี้ไม่ใช่แค่ผู้ผลิตอาหาร แต่พ่วงไปถึงบริษัทยา บริษัทวัคซีน บริษัทเทคโนโลยี บางเจ้ามีทั้งบริษัทยา + ธุรกิจฟาร์มแมลง + บริษัทลงทุนในบริษัทวิจัยพันธุกรรม แปลว่า...คนที่ขายยาให้เฮียเวลาเฮียป่วย อาจเป็นคนเดียวกับที่ขาย "อาหารที่ทำให้เฮียป่วย" ตั้งแต่แรก ตลกร้ายไหมหล่ะ หึหึหึ

เคยมีใครสังเกตไหม ว่าองค์การระดับโลกบางองค์กรที่ส่งเสริม "เนื้อทางเลือก" และ "อาหารยั่งยืน" ได้รับเงินบริจาคหรืออยู่ภายใต้บอร์ดของบริษัทผลิตอาหารอุตสาหกรรมเจ้าใหญ่ไหมนะ แล้วคำว่า “วิทยาศาสตร์รองรับ” ที่ติดบนฉลากสวย ๆ เฮียไม่รู้หรอกว่าใครเป็นคนตีความ แต่ที่รู้แน่ ๆ คือ บทวิจัยจำนวนไม่น้อย มาจากทุนวิจัยที่สนับสนุนโดยอุตสาหกรรมอาหารเอง ดั่งเช่นที่เราเรียนรู้กันมาจากประวัติศาสตร์แล้ว

มีคนเคยพูดไว้ว่า “เราควบคุมคนด้วยอาหารง่ายกว่าด้วยอาวุธ” และเฮียเริ่มเชื่อขึ้นเรื่อย ๆ เพราะถ้าบริษัทใดบริษัทหนึ่ง ควบคุมได้ทั้งอาหาร ยา ข้อมูลสุขภาพ และการวิจัย นั่นหมายความว่า เขาไม่ได้ขายของให้เฮีย แต่เขากำหนดว่าเฮียควร “อยากกินอะไร” และ “รู้สึกผิดกับอะไร”

เหมือนที่ให้ลองจินตนาการเล่น ๆ เมื่อวาน สมมติเฮียไปร้านข้าวมันไก่ปากซอยแบบดั้งเดิม สั่งไก่ต้มไม่เอาข้าวมากิน แล้วแอปสุขภาพขึ้นข้อความเตือนว่า “ไขมันสูง ส่งผลต่อคะแนนสุขภาพคุณ” แต่ถ้าเฮียสั่งข้าวกล่องสำเร็จรูปอัจฉริยะจากโปรตีนที่หมักจากจุลินทรีย์ GMO ระบบจะบอกว่า “คุณกำลังช่วยลดโลกร้อน” แล้วเพิ่มคะแนนสุขภาพให้เราไปเป็นส่วนลดครั้งต่อไป

ใครนิยามคำว่า “ดี” ให้เฮีย?

เบื้องหลังอาหารจึงไม่ใช่แค่โรงงาน แต่มันคือโครงข่ายที่พัวพันตั้งแต่ห้องแล็บ ห้องบอร์ด ไปจนถึงห้องครัวในบ้านเรา แล้วถ้าเราไม่ตั้งคำถาม เฮียกลัวว่าเราจะไม่ได้กินในสิ่งที่ร่างกายต้องการ แต่กินในสิ่งที่ “ระบบ” ต้องการให้เรากิน

ขอบคุณล่วงหน้าที่มองว่าสิ่งนี้คือการ แพนิคไปเอง ขอให้มีสุขสวัสดิ์

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

I’ve been really deeply studying end times prophecy today. Trying to see how all of the prophecies from the initial proto-Gospel in Genesis 3 through the last chapter in Revelation is hard to arrange in my head. That being said, after reading the Bible daily for about 40 years and reading through it each year for about 30 years, I am really starting to see so many links between passages through out the Bible. It has made my Bible study enthralling. I wish I had time to spend hours and hours every day studying and writing about what I have learned.

I thought it might be handy to share some hints on how I study the Bible. Hopefully this can help some people, although I do tend to think my subscribers tend to be those who love Bible study and are already in the word. People who don’t love the Bible are unlikely to read my long, scripture laden posts. Still, hopefully this will be useful.

Starting the Habit of Bible Reading

The first and foremost thing we all need is to start the habit of daily Bible reading. You can’t worship a God you don’t know about and you can’t obey a God whose commands you don’t know. Every Christian needs to read the whole Bible. This needs to be a priority.

I used to recommend people just start at the beginning, Genesis, and read straight through to Revelation, but I’ve lately changed my mind. So many people will start in Genesis, enjoy Genesis and Exodus, which are basically just stories about creation, judgment in the global flood, and God’s chosen people. They then get to Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy (the details of the law including the intricate ceremonial law) and they lose momentum in the tedium. I do think every Christian eventually needs to read and know these books, but I think it is OK to skip some or all of them the first time through. They will mean more once you have read the whole Bible. If you are only going to read one, I’d probably read Deuteronomy.

I also know that it can be helpful for some people to mix up their reading. I used to have book marks with daily readings, so I read some Old Testament, some Psalms/Proverbs, some New Testament. There was one other category, but I can’t remember what it was. This way, you get a little of different types of passages. My bookmarks burnt up when my house burnt down and when I went searching online for something similar, I found a few similar reading plans, but not the one I used and really liked. Here are a couple that looked good, but I haven’t used myself. here. here. here. These plans look good, but don’t have the convenient bookmarks. here. here. For those who like reading online or on your phone (which isn’t me), I found this one. It looked nice I’ve just started using it despite the fact I prefer a Bible I can hold, turn the pages of, and write in. It has a chronological Old Testament Passage and a New Testament reading that relates in some way to the Old Testament Passage. It also links to some maps that let you see where the places mentioned in the passages are located and questions to get you to think about what you read. The one downside is it only lets you attach notes if you create a group. I do really like the idea that you can setup a group to read through the Bible and share your comments and thoughts, but I haven’t tried the feature.

Another thing I’ve found very helpful is a chronological Bible. It is handy having things in the order they happened and the different passages that cover an event (such as from each gospel or 1/2 Samuel vs 1/2 Chronicles or Leviticus vs Deuteronomy, etc.) right by each other. It is handy to see what actually comes before what and the way different writers describe the same event, since different authors include different details. I think reading a chronological Bible has helped me see more links between passages and get a better understanding of the Bible as a whole. I am getting close to finishing my second reading through. I don’t know if one chronological Bible is significantly better than another, but this is the one I am reading right now.

Another tactic I have used, when I started getting bogged down reading through the Bible again and again was to study one book of the Bible in depth. It worked best reading one of the shorter books. I’d read through the book repeatedly for a month, usually in 1-3 days. I’d follow the links in my study Bible to related passages or study where some of the words were used in other parts of the Bible. I’d get so I really knew the book well.

One thing that has helped me with my Bible study is writing in my Bible. The first time I wrote, it felt almost sacrilegious, but it helps me to organize my thoughts. I’ll write what I get out of it, how it relates to another passage, etc. I’ll underline or circle key words or sentences. These are then useful when I read through again and may see something different, but it reminds me of my growth and learning. I’ve actually thought I really need to get a new wide margin Bible to have more room for my notes. I can write really small and have an ultrafine point pen, so I can write even smaller than the print. The problem is my eyes aren’t so good and I now have trouble reading my tiny print. I can’t read my own writing without my reading glasses.

Bible reading starts getting really exciting when you get to know the Bible well enough that you start seeing the links between different passages and different books. Suddenly it opens up a whole new level of understanding. It is like an exciting scavenger hunt finding how all of the ideas in the Bible relate to each other and clarify each other in one whole.

Historically I’ve hated writing. The thought of writing a journal or something sounded like torture, but I have truly found organizing my thoughts in an essay, really helps my understanding of the Scriptures in ways that reading and thinking about it never did. Whether anyone reads my writings or not, I’ll continue writing because it is a blessing to me. I have grown immensely in my understanding of the Bible by writing out a reasoned argument for what I believe the Bible is saying. I’ve also done in depth study and realized that I was not completely right in my understanding and had to adjust my understanding of Scripture.

but sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence (1 Peter 3:15)

As Christians, we are supposed to be ready to make a defense. Reading, studying, and knowing the Bible is the only true way to be ready. I made a necklace with the first letter in each word in this verse to help me memorize it.

Memorizing God’s word is also well worth the effort. I’ll admit, that I would be terrible for following my own advice in this, except I have a special needs son, who is in Awana, and needs help memorizing 1-5 verses a week. The only way either of us can pull it off is I make a song for each 1-3 verse passage that he has to memorize. We then sing them together until we know them. I debated on whether to share my songs. They are not well done. The version uploaded is my first rough attempt at the song and we usually fine tune them over the week, but I don’t get around to rerecording them. I also have at best an OK voice. Still, I decided to share in case these songs can help someone else with their Bible memorization. Hopefully I am not embarrassing myself too much.

Another thing that has helped me is finding Open Bible’s geocoding site. When reading Bible passages, there are frequent references to places that are unfamiliar, either because they are far away or because the ancient names, rather than modern names, are used. This site allows you to see on a map (satellite & modern country formats) where places are located and how they relate to each other. I’ve especially found this useful with end times prophecy because the Bible describes places with their ancient, not modern names.

In addition to my direct Bible study, I also daily listen to sermons, Christian podcasts, read Christian substack posts, and read Christian commentaries. All help my understanding of the Bible. FYI, the sermons, podcasts, blogs, and commentaries are a risk if you don’t know the Bible and aren’t being like the Bereans who searched “… the Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so.” (Acts 17:11) There are so many false or erroneous teachers, that you have to be very careful listening to people and never put the opinions of men above the word of God. Of course, it is possible to learn a bunch from Godly teachers. Sadly, even the best Bible teachers seem to have at least one area of error. For example, I love listening to R.C. Sproul’s “Renewing Your Mind” podcast, but his teaching on the first 11 chapters of Genesis are a bit “squishy” (not outright wrong, but not holding firm enough to the Bible) and I’d say his end times teaching is flat out wrong. Everything I’ve heard him teach between Genesis 12 and Jude is amazing and very true to the Bible. This is where he spends almost all of his time teaching, so I can highly recommend his podcast. Without a firm foundation in the Bible, it is not possible to recognize false teaching, especially when taught by someone who is very good in most respects.

I hope this is useful to people to help them get into the habit of regular Bible reading and seeing how exciting Bible study can be.

May God give you a hunger for and understanding of His word. May you fill your heart and mind with the word of God so it overflows and is seen by all around you.

Trust Jesus.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

kind:1 maximalism and the future of other stuff and Nostr decentralization

These two problems exist on Nostr today, and they look unrelated at first:

1. People adding more stuff to kind:1 notes, such as making them editable, or adding special corky syntax thas has to be parsed and rendered in complicated UIs;
2. The discovery of "other stuff" content (i.e. long-form articles, podcasts, calendar events, livestreams etc) is hard due to the fact that most people only use microblogging clients and they often don't appear there for them.

Point 2 above has 3 different solutions:

• a. Just publish everything as kind:1 notes;
• b. Publish different things as different kinds, but make microblogging clients fetch all the event kinds from people you follow, then render them natively or use NIP-31, or NIP-89 to point users to other clients that would render them better;
• c. Publish different things as different kinds, and reference them in kind:1 notes that would act as announcements to these other events, also relying on NIP-31 and NIP-89 for displaying references and recommending other clients.

Solution a is obviously very bad, so I won't address it.

For a while I have believed solution b was the correct one, and many others seem to tacitly agree with it, given that some clients have been fetching more and more event kinds and going out of their way to render them in the same feed where only kind:1 notes were originally expected to be.

I don't think clients doing that is necessarily bad, but I do think this have some centralizing effects on the protocol, as it pushes clients to become bigger and bigger, raising the barrier to entry into the kind:1 realm. And also in the past I have talked about the fact that I disliked that some clients would display my long-form articles as if they were normal kind:1 notes and just dump them into the feeds of whoever was following me: nostr:nevent1qqsdk90k9k30vtzwpj6grxys9mvsegu5kkwd4jmpyhlmtjnxet2rvggprpmhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wdmksetjv5hxxmmdqy8hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnddaksygpm7rrrljungc6q0tuh5hj7ue863q73qlheu4vywtzwhx42a7j9n5hae35c

These and other reasons have made me switch my preference to solution c, as it gives the most flexibility to the publisher: whoever wants to announce stuff so it can be discovered can, whoever doesn't don't have to. And it allows microblogging clients the freedom to render just render tweets and having a straightforward barrier between what they can render and what is just a link to an external app or webapp (of course they can always opt to render the referenced content in-app if they want).

It also makes the case for microapps more evident. If all microblogging clients become superapps that can render recipe events perfectly why would anyone want to use a dedicated recipes app? I guess there are still reasons, but blurring the line between content kinds in superapps would definitely remove some of the reasons and eventually kill all the microapps.

---

That brings us back to point 1 above (the overcomplication of kind:1 events): if solution c is what we're going to, that makes kind:1 events very special in Nostr, and not just another kind among others. Microblogging clients become the central plaza of Nostr, thus protecting their neutrality and decentralization much more important. Having a lot of clients with different userbases, doing things in slightly different ways, is essential for that decentralization.

It's ok if Nostr ends up having just 2 recipe-sharing clients, but it must have dozens of microblogging clients -- and maybe not even full-blown microblogging clients, but other apps that somehow deal with kind:1 events in multiple ways. It's ok if implementing a client for public audio-rooms is very hard and complicated, but at the same time it should be very simple to write a client that can render a kind:1 note referencing an audio-room and linking to that dedicated client.

I hope you got my point and agreed because this article is ended.

@ ec42c765:328c0600

2024年3月

フィリピンのセブ島へ旅行。初海外。

Nostrに投稿したらこんなリプライが

nostr:nevent1qqsff87kdxh6szf9pe3egtruwfz2uw09rzwr6zwpe7nxwtngmagrhhqc2qwq5

nostr:nevent1qqs9c8fcsw0mcrfuwuzceeq9jqg4exuncvhas5lhrvzpedeqhh30qkcstfluj

（ビットコイン関係なく普通の旅行のつもりで行ってた。というか常にビットコインのこと考えてるわけではないんだけど…）

そういえばフィリピンでビットコイン決済できるお店って多いのかな？

海外でビットコイン決済ってなんかかっこいいな！

やりたい！

---

ビットコイン決済してみよう！ in セブ島

BTCMap でビットコイン決済できるところを探す

本場はビットコインアイランドと言われてるボラカイ島みたいだけど

セブにもそれなりにあった！

なんでもいいからビットコイン決済したいだけなので近くて買いやすい店へ

いざタピオカミルクティー屋！

ちゃんとビットコインのステッカーが貼ってある！

つたない英語とGoogle翻訳を使ってビットコイン決済できるか店員に聞いたら

店員「ビットコインで支払いはできません」

（えーーーー、なんで…ステッカー貼ってあるやん…。）

まぁなんか知らんけどできないらしい。

店員に色々質問したかったけど質問する英語力もないのでする気が起きなかった

結局、せっかく店まで足を運んだので普通に現金でタピオカミルクティーを買った

タピオカミルクティー

話題になってた時も特に興味なくて飲んでなかったので、これが初タピオカミルクティーになった

法定通貨の味がした。

どこでもいいからなんでもいいから

海外でビットコイン決済してみたい

---

ビットコイン決済させてくれ！ in ボラカイ島

ビットコインアイランドと呼ばれるボラカイ島はめちゃくちゃビットコイン決済できるとこが多いらしい

でもやめてしまった店も多いらしい

でも300もあったならいくつかはできるとこあるやろ！

nostr:nevent1qqsw0n6utldy6y970wcmc6tymk20fdjxt6055890nh8sfjzt64989cslrvd9l

行くしかねぇ！

ビットコインアイランドへ

フィリピンの国内線だぁ

``` 行き方： Mactan-Cebu International Airport ↓飛行機 Godofredo P. Ramos Airport (Caticlan International Airport, Boracay Airport) ↓バスなど Caticlan フェリーターミナル ↓船 ボラカイ島

料金： 飛行機（受託手荷物付き） 往復 21,000円くらい 空港～ボラカイ島のホテルまで（バス、船、諸経費） 往復 3,300円くらい （klookからSouthwest Toursを利用）

このページが色々詳しい https://smaryu.com/column/d/91761/ ```

空港おりたらSouthwestのバスに乗る

事前にネットで申し込みをしている場合は5番窓口へ

港！

船！（めっちゃ速い）

ボラカイついた！

ボラカイ島の移動手段

セブの移動はgrabタクシーが使えるがボラカイにはない。

ネットで検索するとトライシクルという三輪タクシーがおすすめされている。 （トライシクル：開放的で風がきもちいい）

トライシクルの欠点はふっかけられるので値切り交渉をしないといけないところ。

最初に300phpくらいを提示され、行き先によるけど150phpくらいまでは下げられる。

これはこれで楽しい値切り交渉だけど、個人的にはトライシクルよりバスの方が気楽。

Hop On Hop Off バス：

https://www.hohoboracay.com/pass.php

一日乗り放題250phpなので往復や途中でどこか立ち寄ったりを考えるとお得。 バスは現金が使えないので事前にどこかでカードを買うか車内で買う。

私は何も知らずに乗って車内で乗務員さんから現金でカードを買った。

バスは狭い島内を数本がグルグル巡回してるので20～30分に1本くらいは来るイメージ。

逆にトライシクルは待たなくても捕まえればすぐに乗れるところがいいところかもしれない。

現実

ボラカイ島 BTC Map BTC決済できるとこめっちゃある

さっそく店に行く！

「bitcoin accepted here」のステッカーを見つける！

店員にビットコイン支払いできるか聞く！

できないと言われる！

もう一軒行く

「bitcoin accepted here」のステッカーを見つける

店員にビットコイン支払いできるか聞く

できないと言われる

5件くらいは回った

全部できない！

悲しい

で、ネットでビットコインアイランドで検索してみると

旅行日の一か月前くらいにアップロードされた動画があったので見てみた

要約 - ビットコイン決済はpouch.phというスタートアップ企業がボラカイ島の店にシステムを導入した - ビットコインアイランドとすることで観光客が10％～30％増加つまり数百～千人程度のビットコインユーザーが来ると考えた - しかし実際には3～5人だった - 結果的に200の店舗がビットコイン決済を導入しても使われたのはごく一部だった - ビットコイン決済があまり使われないので店員がやり方を忘れてしまった - 店は関心を失いpouchのアプリを消した

https://youtu.be/uaqx6794ipc?si=Afq58BowY1ZrkwaQ

なるほどね～

しゃあないわ

聖地巡礼

動画内でpouchのオフィスだったところが紹介されていた

これは半年以上前の画像らしい

現在はオフィスが閉鎖されビットコインの看板は色あせている おもしろいからここに行ってみよう！となった

で行ってみた

看板の色、更に薄くなってね！？

記念撮影 これはこれで楽しかった

場所はこの辺

https://maps.app.goo.gl/WhpEV35xjmUw367A8

ボラカイ島の中心部の結構いいとこ

みんな～ビットコイン（の残骸）の聖地巡礼、行こうぜ！

最後の店

Nattoさんから情報が

なんかあんまりネットでも今年になってからの情報はないような…https://t.co/hiO2R28sfO

ここは比較的最近…？https://t.co/CHLGZuUz04

— Natto (@madeofsoya) March 22, 2024

もうこれで最後だと思ってダメもとで行ってみた なんだろうアジア料理屋さん？

もはや信頼度0の「bitcoin accepted here」

ビットコイン払いできますか？

店員「できますよ」

え？ほんとに？ビットコイン払いできる？

店員「できます」

できる！！！！

なんかできるらしい。

適当に商品を注文して

印刷されたQRコードを出されたので読み取る

ここでスマートに決済できればよかったのだが結構慌てた

自分は英語がわからないし相手はビットコインがわからない

それにビットコイン決済は日本で１回したことがあるだけだった どうもライトニングアドレスのようだ

送金額はこちらで指定しないといけない

店員はフィリピンペソ建ての金額しか教えてくれない

何sats送ればいいのか分からない

ここでめっちゃ混乱した

でもウォレットの設定変えればいいと気付いた

普段円建てにしているのをフィリピンペソ建てに変更すればいいだけだった

設定を変更したら相手が提示している金額を入力して送金

送金は2、3秒で完了した

やった！

海外でビットコイン決済したぞ！

ログ

PORK CHAR SIU BUN とかいうやつを買った 普通にめっちゃおいしかった

なんかビットコイン決済できることにビビッて焦って一品しか注文しなかったけどもっと頼めばよかった

ここです。みなさん行ってください。

Bunbun Boracay

https://maps.app.goo.gl/DX8UWM8Y6sEtzYyK6

めでたしめでたし

---

以下、普通の観光写真

セブ島

ジンベエザメと泳いだ

スミロン島でシュノーケリング

市場の路地裏のちょっとしたダウンタウン？スラム？をビビりながら歩いた

ボホール島

なんか変な山

メガネザル

現地の子供が飛び込みを披露してくれた

ボラカイ島

ビーチ

夕日

藻

ボラカイ島にはいくつかビーチがあって宿が多いところに近い南西のビーチ、ホワイトビーチは藻が多かった（時期によるかも）

北側のプカシェルビーチは全然藻もなく、水も綺麗でめちゃくちゃよかった

プカシェルビーチ

---

おわり！

@ a19caaa8:88985eaf

nostr:nevent1qqszqt4cfp70yvznqgg9gf3t4kacxs99znegrtc3gql5cyaereslnucnxsksq

https://old.reddit.com/r/nostr/comments/1josljh/stop/

nostr:note1wzewxmlnc38jgwle530ku4x2xd7754wsyzvm6vcnp27mpjwda05s3jkap9

https://youtu.be/1fkmxTdI3RA ↑それ、岡崎体育が、歌ってます！

nostr:note15r93607t256z4sastsr4nm50vkp34gpr5avt4rdnwr2lfjl9d28sjfus8p

@ 8947a945:9bfcf626

สวัสดีทุกคนบน Nostr ครับ รวมไปถึง watchersและ ผู้ติดตามของผมจาก Deviantart และ platform งานศิลปะอื่นๆนะครับ

ตั้งแต่ต้นปี 2024 ผมใช้ AI เจนรูปงานตัวละครสาวๆจากอนิเมะ และเปิด exclusive content ให้สำหรับผู้ที่ชื่นชอบผลงานของผมเป็นพิเศษ

ผมโพสผลงานผมทั้งหมดไว้ที่เวบ Deviantart และค่อยๆสร้างฐานผู้ติดตามมาเรื่อยๆอย่างค่อยเป็นค่อยไปมาตลอดครับ ทุกอย่างเติบโตไปเรื่อยๆของมัน ส่วนตัวผมมองว่ามันเป็นพิร์ตธุรกิจออนไลน์ ของผมพอร์ตนึงได้เลย

เมื่อวันที่ 16 กย.2024 มีผู้ติดตามคนหนึ่งส่งข้อความส่วนตัวมาหาผม บอกว่าชื่นชอบผลงานของผมมาก ต้องการจะขอซื้อผลงาน แต่ขอซื้อเป็น NFT นะ เสนอราคาซื้อขายต่อชิ้นที่สูงมาก หลังจากนั้นผมกับผู้ซื้อคนนี้พูดคุยกันในเมล์ครับ

นี่คือข้อสรุปสั่นๆจากการต่อรองซื้อขายครับ

(หลังจากนี้ผมขอเรียกผู้ซื้อว่า scammer นะครับ เพราะไพ่มันหงายมาแล้ว ว่าเขาคือมิจฉาชีพ)

• Scammer รายแรก เลือกผลงานที่จะซื้อ เสนอราคาซื้อที่สูงมาก แต่ต้องเป็นเวบไซต์ NFTmarket place ที่เขากำหนดเท่านั้น มันทำงานอยู่บน ERC20 ผมเข้าไปดูเวบไซต์ที่ว่านี้แล้วรู้สึกว่ามันดูแปลกๆครับ คนที่จะลงขายผลงานจะต้องใช้ email ในการสมัครบัญชีซะก่อน ถึงจะผูก wallet อย่างเช่น metamask ได้ เมื่อผูก wallet แล้วไม่สามารถเปลี่ยนได้ด้วย ตอนนั้นผมใช้ wallet ที่ไม่ได้ link กับ HW wallet ไว้ ทดลองสลับ wallet ไปๆมาๆ มันทำไม่ได้ แถมลอง log out แล้ว เลข wallet ก็ยังคาอยู่อันเดิม อันนี้มันดูแปลกๆแล้วหนึ่งอย่าง เวบนี้ค่า ETH ในการ mint 0.15 - 0.2 ETH … ตีเป็นเงินบาทนี่แพงบรรลัยอยู่นะครับ

• Scammer รายแรกพยายามชักจูงผม หว่านล้อมผมว่า แหม เดี๋ยวเขาก็มารับซื้องานผมน่า mint งานเสร็จ รีบบอกเขานะ เดี๋ยวเขารีบกดซื้อเลย พอขายได้กำไร ผมก็ได้ค่า gas คืนได้ แถมยังได้กำไรอีก ไม่มีอะไรต้องเสีนจริงมั้ย แต่มันเป้นความโชคดีครับ เพราะตอนนั้นผมไม่เหลือทุนสำรองที่จะมาซื้อ ETH ได้ ผมเลยต่อรองกับเขาตามนี้ครับ :

• ผมเสนอว่า เอางี้มั้ย ผมส่งผลงานของผมแบบ low resolution ให้ก่อน แลกกับให้เขาช่วยโอน ETH ที่เป็นค่า mint งานมาให้หน่อย พอผมได้ ETH แล้ว ผมจะ upscale งานของผม แล้วเมล์ไปให้ ใจแลกใจกันไปเลย ... เขาไม่เอา

• ผมเสนอให้ไปซื้อที่ร้านค้าออนไลน์ buymeacoffee ของผมมั้ย จ่ายเป็น USD ... เขาไม่เอา
• ผมเสนอให้ซื้อขายผ่าน PPV lightning invoice ที่ผมมีสิทธิ์เข้าถึง เพราะเป็น creator ของ Creatr ... เขาไม่เอา
• ผมยอกเขาว่างั้นก็รอนะ รอเงินเดือนออก เขาบอก ok

สัปดาห์ถัดมา มี scammer คนที่สองติดต่อผมเข้ามา ใช้วิธีการใกล้เคียงกัน แต่ใช้คนละเวบ แถมเสนอราคาซื้อที่สูงกว่าคนแรกมาก เวบที่สองนี้เลวร้ายค่าเวบแรกอีกครับ คือต้องใช้เมล์สมัครบัญชี ไม่สามารถผูก metamask ได้ พอสมัครเสร็จจะได้ wallet เปล่าๆมาหนึ่งอัน ผมต้องโอน ETH เข้าไปใน wallet นั้นก่อน เพื่อเอาไปเป็นค่า mint NFT 0.2 ETH

ผมบอก scammer รายที่สองว่า ต้องรอนะ เพราะตอนนี้กำลังติดต่อซื้อขายอยู่กับผู้ซื้อรายแรกอยู่ ผมกำลังรอเงินเพื่อมาซื้อ ETH เป็นต้นทุนดำเนินงานอยู่ คนคนนี้ขอให้ผมส่งเวบแรกไปให้เขาดูหน่อย หลังจากนั้นไม่นานเขาเตือนผมมาว่าเวบแรกมันคือ scam นะ ไม่สามารถถอนเงินออกมาได้ เขายังส่งรูป cap หน้าจอที่คุยกับผู้เสียหายจากเวบแรกมาให้ดูว่าเจอปัญหาถอนเงินไม่ได้ ไม่พอ เขายังบลัฟ opensea ด้วยว่าลูกค้าขายงานได้ แต่ถอนเงินไม่ได้

Opensea ถอนเงินไม่ได้ ตรงนี้แหละครับคือตัวกระตุกต่อมเอ๊ะของผมดังมาก เพราะ opensea อ่ะ ผู้ใช้ connect wallet เข้ากับ marketplace โดยตรง ซื้อขายกันเกิดขึ้น เงินวิ่งเข้าวิ่งออก wallet ของแต่ละคนโดยตรงเลย opensea เก็บแค่ค่า fee ในการใช้ platform ไม่เก็บเงินลูกค้าไว้ แถมปีนี้ค่า gas fee ก็ถูกกว่า bull run cycle 2020 มาก ตอนนี้ค่า gas fee ประมาณ 0.0001 ETH (แต่มันก็แพงกว่า BTC อยู่ดีอ่ะครับ)

ผมเลยเอาเรื่องนี้ไปปรึกษาพี่บิท แต่แอดมินมาคุยกับผมแทน ทางแอดมินแจ้งว่ายังไม่เคยมีเพื่อนๆมาปรึกษาเรื่องนี้ กรณีที่ผมทักมาถามนี่เป็นรายแรกเลย แต่แอดมินให้ความเห็นไปในทางเดียวกับสมมุติฐานของผมว่าน่าจะ scam ในเวลาเดียวกับผมเอาเรื่องนี้ไปถามในเพจ NFT community คนไทนด้วย ได้รับการ confirm ชัดเจนว่า scam และมีคนไม่น้อยโดนหลอก หลังจากที่ผมรู้ที่มาแล้ว ผมเลยเล่นสงครามปั่นประสาท scammer ทั้งสองคนนี้ครับ เพื่อดูว่าหลอกหลวงมิจฉาชีพจริงมั้ย

โดยวันที่ 30 กย. ผมเลยปั่นประสาน scammer ทั้งสองรายนี้ โดยการ mint ผลงานที่เขาเสนอซื้อนั่นแหละ ขึ้น opensea แล้วส่งข้อความไปบอกว่า

mint ให้แล้วนะ แต่เงินไม่พอจริงๆว่ะโทษที เลย mint ขึ้น opensea แทน พอดีบ้านจน ทำได้แค่นี้ไปถึงแค่ opensea รีบไปซื้อล่ะ มีคนจ้องจะคว้างานผมเยอะอยู่ ผมไม่คิด royalty fee ด้วยนะเฮ้ย เอาไปขายต่อไม่ต้องแบ่งกำไรกับผม

เท่านั้นแหละครับ สงครามจิตวิทยาก็เริ่มขึ้น แต่เขาจนมุม กลืนน้ำลายตัวเอง ช็อตเด็ดคือ

เขา : เนี่ยอุส่ารอ บอกเพื่อนในทีมว่าวันจันทร์ที่ 30 กย. ได้ของแน่ๆ เพื่อนๆในทีมเห็นงานผมแล้วมันสวยจริง เลยใส่เงินเต็มที่ 9.3ETH (+ capture screen ส่งตัวเลขยอดเงินมาให้ดู)ไว้รอโดยเฉพาะเลยนะ ผม : เหรอ ... งั้น ขอดู wallet address ที่มี transaction มาให้ดูหน่อยสิ เขา : 2ETH นี่มัน 5000$ เลยนะ ผม : แล้วไง ขอดู wallet address ที่มีการเอายอดเงิน 9.3ETH มาให้ดูหน่อย ไหนบอกว่าเตรียมเงินไว้มากแล้วนี่ ขอดูหน่อย ว่าใส่ไว้เมื่อไหร่ ... เอามาแค่ adrress นะเว้ย ไม่ต้องทะลึ่งส่ง seed มาให้ เขา : ส่งรูปเดิม 9.3 ETH มาให้ดู ผม : รูป screenshot อ่ะ มันไม่มีความหมายหรอกเว้ย ตัดต่อเอาก็ได้ง่ายจะตาย เอา transaction hash มาดู ไหนว่าเตรียมเงินไว้รอ 9.3ETH แล้วอยากซื้องานผมจนตัวสั่นเลยไม่ใช่เหรอ ถ้าจะส่ง wallet address มาให้ดู หรือจะช่วยส่ง 0.15ETH มาให้ยืม mint งานก่อน แล้วมากดซื้อ 2ETH ไป แล้วผมใช้ 0.15ETH คืนให้ก็ได้ จะซื้อหรือไม่ซื้อเนี่ย เขา : จะเอา address เขาไปทำไม ผม : ตัดจบ รำคาญ ไม่ขายให้ละ เขา : 2ETH = 5000 USD เลยนะ ผม : แล้วไง

ผมเลยเขียนบทความนี้มาเตือนเพื่อนๆพี่ๆทุกคนครับ เผื่อใครกำลังเปิดพอร์ตทำธุรกิจขาย digital art online แล้วจะโชคดี เจอของดีแบบผม

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ทำไมผมถึงมั่นใจว่ามันคือการหลอกหลวง แล้วคนโกงจะได้อะไร

อันดับแรกไปพิจารณาดู opensea ครับ เป็นเวบ NFTmarketplace ที่ volume การซื้อขายสูงที่สุด เขาไม่เก็บเงินของคนจะซื้อจะขายกันไว้กับตัวเอง เงินวิ่งเข้าวิ่งออก wallet ผู้ซื้อผู้ขายเลย ส่วนทางเวบเก็บค่าธรรมเนียมเท่านั้น แถมค่าธรรมเนียมก็ถูกกว่าเมื่อปี 2020 เยอะ ดังนั้นการที่จะไปลงขายงานบนเวบ NFT อื่นที่ค่า fee สูงกว่ากันเป็นร้อยเท่า ... จะทำไปทำไม

ผมเชื่อว่า scammer โกงเงินเจ้าของผลงานโดยการเล่นกับความโลภและความอ่อนประสบการณ์ของเจ้าของผลงานครับ เมื่อไหร่ก็ตามที่เจ้าของผลงานโอน ETH เข้าไปใน wallet เวบนั้นเมื่อไหร่ หรือเมื่อไหร่ก็ตามที่จ่ายค่า fee ในการ mint งาน เงินเหล่านั้นสิ่งเข้ากระเป๋า scammer ทันที แล้วก็จะมีการเล่นตุกติกต่อแน่นอนครับ เช่นถอนไม่ได้ หรือซื้อไม่ได้ ต้องโอนเงินมาเพิ่มเพื่อปลดล็อค smart contract อะไรก็ว่าไป แล้วคนนิสัยไม่ดีพวกเนี้ย ก็จะเล่นกับความโลภของคน เอาราคาเสนอซื้อที่สูงโคตรๆมาล่อ ... อันนี้ไม่ว่ากัน เพราะบนโลก NFT รูปภาพบางรูปที่ไม่ได้มีความเป็นศิลปะอะไรเลย มันดันขายกันได้ 100 - 150 ETH ศิลปินที่พยายามสร้างตัวก็อาจจะมองว่า ผลงานเรามีคนรับซื้อ 2 - 4 ETH ต่องานมันก็มากพอแล้ว (จริงๆมากเกินจนน่าตกใจด้วยซ้ำครับ)

บนโลกของ BTC ไม่ต้องเชื่อใจกัน โอนเงินไปหากันได้ ปิดสมุดบัญชีได้โดยไม่ต้องเชื่อใจกัน

บบโลกของ ETH "code is law" smart contract มีเขียนอยู่แล้ว ไปอ่าน มันไม่ได้ยากมากในการทำความเข้าใจ ดังนั้น การจะมาเชื่อคำสัญญาจากคนด้วยกัน เป็นอะไรที่ไม่มีเหตุผล

ผมไปเล่าเรื่องเหล่านี้ให้กับ community งานศิลปะ ก็มีทั้งเสียงตอบรับที่ดี และไม่ดีปนกันไป มีบางคนยืนยันเสียงแข็งไปในทำนองว่า ไอ้เรื่องแบบเนี้ยไม่ได้กินเขาหรอก เพราะเขาตั้งใจแน่วแน่ว่างานศิลป์ของเขา เขาไม่เอาเข้ามายุ่งในโลก digital currency เด็ดขาด ซึ่งผมก็เคารพมุมมองเขาครับ แต่มันจะดีกว่ามั้ย ถ้าเราเปิดหูเปิดตาให้ทันเทคโนโลยี โดยเฉพาะเรื่อง digital currency , blockchain โดนโกงทีนึงนี่คือหมดตัวกันง่ายกว่าเงิน fiat อีก

อยากจะมาเล่าให้ฟังครับ และอยากให้ช่วยแชร์ไปให้คนรู้จักด้วย จะได้ระวังตัวกัน

Note

• ภาพประกอบ cyber security ทั้งสองนี่ของผมเองครับ ทำเอง วางขายบน AdobeStock
• อีกบัญชีนึงของผม "HikariHarmony" npub1exdtszhpw3ep643p9z8pahkw8zw00xa9pesf0u4txyyfqvthwapqwh48sw กำลังค่อยๆเอาผลงานจากโลกข้างนอกเข้ามา nostr ครับ ตั้งใจจะมาสร้างงานศิลปะในนี้ เพื่อนๆที่ชอบงาน จะได้ไม่ต้องออกไปหาที่ไหน

ผลงานของผมครับ - Anime girl fanarts : HikariHarmony - HikariHarmony on Nostr - General art : KeshikiRakuen - KeshikiRakuen อาจจะเป็นบัญชี nostr ที่สามของผม ถ้าไหวครับ

@ 8947a945:9bfcf626

Hello everyone on Nostr and all my watchersand followersfrom DeviantArt, as well as those from other art platforms

I have been creating and sharing AI-generated anime girl fanart since the beginning of 2024 and have been running member-exclusive content on Patreon.

I also publish showcases of my artworks to Deviantart. I organically build up my audience from time to time. I consider it as one of my online businesses of art. Everything is slowly growing

On September 16, I received a DM from someone expressing interest in purchasing my art in NFT format and offering a very high price for each piece. We later continued the conversation via email.

Here’s a brief overview of what happened

• The first scammer selected the art they wanted to buy and offered a high price for each piece. They provided a URL to an NFT marketplace site running on the Ethereum (ETH) mainnet or ERC20. The site appeared suspicious, requiring email sign-up and linking a MetaMask wallet. However, I couldn't change the wallet address later. The minting gas fees were quite expensive, ranging from 0.15 to 0.2 ETH

• The scammers tried to convince me that the high profits would easily cover the minting gas fees, so I had nothing to lose. Luckily, I didn’t have spare funds to purchase ETH for the gas fees at the time, so I tried negotiating with them as follows:

• I offered to send them a lower-quality version of my art via email in exchange for the minting gas fees, but they refused.

• I offered them the option to pay in USD through Buy Me a Coffee shop here, but they refused.
• I offered them the option to pay via Bitcoin using the Lightning Network invoice , but they refused.
• I asked them to wait until I could secure the funds, and they agreed to wait.

The following week, a second scammer approached me with a similar offer, this time at an even higher price and through a different NFT marketplace website.

This second site also required email registration, and after navigating to the dashboard, it asked for a minting fee of 0.2 ETH. However, the site provided a wallet address for me instead of connecting a MetaMask wallet.

I told the second scammer that I was waiting to make a profit from the first sale, and they asked me to show them the first marketplace. They then warned me that the first site was a scam and even sent screenshots of victims, including one from OpenSea saying that Opensea is not paying.

This raised a red flag, and I began suspecting I might be getting scammed. On OpenSea, funds go directly to users' wallets after transactions, and OpenSea charges a much lower platform fee compared to the previous crypto bull run in 2020. Minting fees on OpenSea are also significantly cheaper, around 0.0001 ETH per transaction.

I also consulted with Thai NFT artist communities and the ex-chairman of the Thai Digital Asset Association. According to them, no one had reported similar issues, but they agreed it seemed like a scam.

After confirming my suspicions with my own research and consulting with the Thai crypto community, I decided to test the scammers’ intentions by doing the following

I minted the artwork they were interested in, set the price they offered, and listed it for sale on OpenSea. I then messaged them, letting them know the art was available and ready to purchase, with no royalty fees if they wanted to resell it.

They became upset and angry, insisting I mint the art on their chosen platform, claiming they had already funded their wallet to support me. When I asked for proof of their wallet address and transactions, they couldn't provide any evidence that they had enough funds.

Here’s what I want to warn all artists in the DeviantArt community or other platforms If you find yourself in a similar situation, be aware that scammers may be targeting you.

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My Perspective why I Believe This is a Scam and What the Scammers Gain

From my experience with BTC and crypto since 2017, here's why I believe this situation is a scam, and what the scammers aim to achieve

First, looking at OpenSea, the largest NFT marketplace on the ERC20 network, they do not hold users' funds. Instead, funds from transactions go directly to users’ wallets. OpenSea’s platform fees are also much lower now compared to the crypto bull run in 2020. This alone raises suspicion about the legitimacy of other marketplaces requiring significantly higher fees.

I believe the scammers' tactic is to lure artists into paying these exorbitant minting fees, which go directly into the scammers' wallets. They convince the artists by promising to purchase the art at a higher price, making it seem like there's no risk involved. In reality, the artist has already lost by paying the minting fee, and no purchase is ever made.

In the world of Bitcoin (BTC), the principle is "Trust no one" and “Trustless finality of transactions” In other words, transactions are secure and final without needing trust in a third party.

In the world of Ethereum (ETH), the philosophy is "Code is law" where everything is governed by smart contracts deployed on the blockchain. These contracts are transparent, and even basic code can be read and understood. Promises made by people don’t override what the code says.

I also discuss this issue with art communities. Some people have strongly expressed to me that they want nothing to do with crypto as part of their art process. I completely respect that stance.

However, I believe it's wise to keep your eyes open, have some skin in the game, and not fall into scammers’ traps. Understanding the basics of crypto and NFTs can help protect you from these kinds of schemes.

If you found this article helpful, please share it with your fellow artists.

Until next time Take care

Note

• Both cyber security images are mine , I created and approved by AdobeStock to put on sale
• I'm working very hard to bring all my digital arts into Nostr to build my Sats business here to my another npub "HikariHarmony" npub1exdtszhpw3ep643p9z8pahkw8zw00xa9pesf0u4txyyfqvthwapqwh48sw

Link to my full gallery - Anime girl fanarts : HikariHarmony - HikariHarmony on Nostr - General art : KeshikiRakuen

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

ai #artificial #intelligence #english #tech

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Open Source

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Models

• LLAMA - Large Language Model Meta AI - Text AI [source]

• MistralAI - Text AI [info] [source]

• Stable Diffusion - Text to image [source]

• Pixart-Alpha - Text to image [source]
• OmniGen - Pompt, image or subject to image [source]

• Pigallery - Self-Hosted AI Image Generator [source]

• CogVideo - Text and image to video generation [info] [source] [test]

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Tools

LIGHTNING PAYMENTS - Animal Sunset - AI video generation with Nostr npub by lightning payments [source] - Ai Rand - AI text generation with Pubky DNS by lightning payments [source] - PlebAI - Text and Image generation without signup [source] 🌐🤖🍎 [sites down - only github available]

OTHERS - HuggingFace - Test and collaborate on models, datasets and apps. [source] - DuckDuckGo AI Chat - Famous AIs without Login [source] - Ollama - Run LLMs Locally [source] - DreamStudio - Stable Diffusion’s Web App Tool [info] [source] - Prompt Gallery - AI images with their prompts [source]

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Closed Source

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Models

• ChatGPT
• Claude
• Gemini
• Copilot
• Midjourney
• Minimax - Realistic videos (prompts only in chinese)

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Tools

• Meshy - 3D Generative AI Toolbox [info]

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Other index: Amazing AI

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

lista #descentralismo #comunidades #portugues

[em atualização]

*Até a criação desse post, só alguns clients têm acesso às comunidades, tal como o Satellite, o Coracle e o Amethyst.

**Se a comunidade não tiver proprietários ou moderadores ativos, o seu envio de mensagem poderá não ser aprovada para aparecer nela.

***Se criar uma, busque colocar um ou mais moderadores para a comunidade não acabar, caso você se ausente.

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Geral:

n/Brasil (Por: nostr:nprofile1qqspxhftq9htg9njgaefr6nmetl97q8qqlwxvynppl6c5zr9t0qmp9gpzfmhxue69uhhqatjwpkx2urpvuhx2ucpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduq3qamnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wwa5kueguy3tt5) nostr:naddr1qqryyunpwd5kcq3qzdwjkqtwkst8y3mjj848hjh7tuqwqp7uvcfxzrl43gyx2k7pkz2sxpqqqzr0v4va9m3

n/Portugal (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsddhy42shp3w9h4mp0z3ss74wrxk47hmrk70deukxz23np6pvn5rqpr9mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuumwdae8gtnnda3kjctv9uqsuamnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dshszynhwden5te0dehhxarj9ek82tntv5hsd2h46x) nostr:naddr1qqy9qmmjw36kwctvqgsddhy42shp3w9h4mp0z3ss74wrxk47hmrk70deukxz23np6pvn5rqrqsqqpphkc3wuaj

n/Moçambique (por: nostr:nprofile1qqszx6hsp38v2re3q2pzxpv3slg5u7pxklxze7evarqk4eugqmhntdcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hszrnhwden5te0dehhxtnvdakz7qgawaehxw309ahx7um5wghxy6t5vdhkjmn9wgh8xmmrd9skctc082x0w) nostr:naddr1qqf56m7r5ask6cnfw96ktuyls7e0p8u8hupzqgm27qxya3g0xypgygc9jxraznncy6muct8m9n5vz6h83qrw7ddhqvzqqqyx7c0autxh

n/África (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsw4jww99ykxf2jy4wyh685hp7cs70texztv0p7kqa3mqhfrvvdtscpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz8rhwden5te0wfjkccte9emkj6mfveex2etyd9sju7re0ghsftvmn0 e nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttsw43zuam9d3kx7unyv4ezumn9wshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyee0vnwevs) nostr:naddr1qqru8qtxwf5kxcgzyr4vnn3ff93j2539t3973a9c0ky8n67fsjmrc04s8vwc96gmrr2uxqcyqqqgdaspqgn0q

-

n/Perguntas-e-Respostas (Por: nostr:nprofile1qqsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mz7qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9u2egtmk) nostr:naddr1qq3lp8u85lcflpah2pz4y364fe2yz5edg5k4y32n2p84x4zp203fm980hz8sygy7fff8g6l23gp5uqtuyqwkqvucx6mhe7r9h7v6wyzzj0v6lrztcspsgqqqsmmqtz9a9x

n/Links-e-Tutoriais-Úteis (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mz7qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9u2egtmk) nostr:naddr1qqj0p8u85lcflpahf3y5uj6n94zj64z42384yj2pf9fjmsu623z5j5lsn7ftkq3qne99yarta29qxnsp0ssp6cpnnqmtwl8cvklenfcsg2fantuvf0zqxpqqqzr0v3zu9fd

n/JornalismoNãoEstáMorto - Notícias e escrita informativa (Por: nostr:nprofile1qqsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mz7qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9u2egtmk) nostr:nprofile1qqs0f74kketdcv63r53mlzgzfh93we3dkgzkldv2p6g62a8gf3g92yqpz4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezummcw3ezuer9wchszyrhwden5te0dehhxarj9ekk7mf0qywhwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnzd96xxmmfdejhytnnda3kjctv9ufhpwuw) nostr:naddr1qqd55n6jfeq5cj2nf48j6nkrsd8j632n2npczt2dfaf9gnczyrvvsrjnp9xgqysjendxg6x2q7fldu73ajnf5e2h7uspp9tjl7jvxqcyqqqgdasy2kfg4

n/Agorismo³-E-Mercado (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mz7qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9u2egtmk) nostr:naddr1qqs0p8u85lcflpahg9r575jf2dx5ls4n94zj6n292fp5z3z094gry5qzyz0y55n5d04g5q6wq97zq8tqxwvrddmulpjmlxd8zppf8kd0339ugqcyqqqgdasrlnr7s

n/FeiraNostr - Marketplace (por: nostr:nprofile1qqstwrymlvj5kcrjspppyepmavrhk6afg9sfa4q9zhvmzztp6am83xgpr9mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuumwdae8gtnnda3kjctv9u2dla7c) nostr:naddr1qq9yvetfwfs5ummnw3eqyg9hpjdlkf2tvpegqssjvsa7kpmmdw55zcy76sz3tkd3p9sawancnypsgqqqsmmqucz73h

---

Tecnologia:

n/ndevs-br (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs923ewnsqlx7347cpjhxmcmt0rsmnwf3tasr736pjx4wee9q89ufcppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0gc3lmk) nostr:naddr1qqyxuer9weej6cnjqgs923ewnsqlx7347cpjhxmcmt0rsmnwf3tasr736pjx4wee9q89ufcrqsqqpphk7z3axp

n/BrasilDev (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsyczyspluueyxautr3nxa2httku5e9m7d05dnu5zj3jnrg0jmucqcpr9mhxue69uhkyu3wwp6hyurvv4ex2mrp0yhxxmmd9uqs6amnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dsq3camnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wvf5hgcm0d9hx2u3wwdhkx6tpdsz8cl6e) nostr:naddr1qqy5yunpwd5kc3r9wcpzqnqgjq8lnnysmh3vwxvm42adwmjnyh0e473k0js22x2vdp7t0nqrqvzqqqyx7cvxdlla

n/Linux (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsxhewvq6fq9lzjmfwqrpg2ufgl09uh2cksupa853zxv04u2fva4uqpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhsz9nhwden5te0dehhxarjv4kxjar9wvhx7un89uqsuamnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dshs6tvc92 ) nostr:naddr1qqz5c6tww4uqz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyctwvshsygrtuhxqdyszl3fd5hqps59wy50hj7t4vtgwq7n6g3rx8679ykw67qpsgqqqsmmqznes6u

n/IA - Inteligencia Artificial (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsw4jww99ykxf2jy4wyh685hp7cs70texztv0p7kqa3mqhfrvvdtscpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz8rhwden5te0wfjkccte9emkj6mfveex2etyd9sju7re0ghsftvmn0 e nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttsw43zuam9d3kx7unyv4ezumn9wshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyee0vnwevs) nostr:naddr1qqpyjsgpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsyg82e88zjjtry4fz2hztar6tslvg084unp9k8sltqwcast53kxx4cvpsgqqqsmmqs03ln5

n/HardwareBr - Dúvidas, experiências e atualizações sobre hardware (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsw4jww99ykxf2jy4wyh685hp7cs70texztv0p7kqa3mqhfrvvdtscpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz8rhwden5te0wfjkccte9emkj6mfveex2etyd9sju7re0ghsftvmn0 e nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttsw43zuam9d3kx7unyv4ezumn9wshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyee0vnwevs) nostr:naddr1qq9ysctjv3mkzun9gfeqyg82e88zjjtry4fz2hztar6tslvg084unp9k8sltqwcast53kxx4cvpsgqqqsmmq54k3eu

n/SegurançaDaInformação (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsw4jww99ykxf2jy4wyh685hp7cs70texztv0p7kqa3mqhfrvvdtscpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz8rhwden5te0wfjkccte9emkj6mfveex2etyd9sju7re0ghsftvmn0 e nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttsw43zuam9d3kx7unyv4ezumn9wshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyee0vnwevs) nostr:naddr1qqv9xet8w4exzmkr5as5gc2fdenx7undv8p60sardupzp6kfec55jce92gj4cjlg7ju8mzrea0ycfd3u86crk8vzayd334wrqvzqqqyx7cpss4m0

n/Moneroptbr (Por: nostr:nprofile1qqsyrmue77dm5ef5pmqsly0wp3248mk3vr9temj5p54plygcr97pavcpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuurjd9kkzmpwdejhgqgjwaehxw309ac82unsd3jhqct89ejhxqg5waehxw309aex2mrp0yhxgctdw4eju6t0tpqrvk) nostr:naddr1qq9y6mmwv4ex7ur5vfeqz3rhwvaz7tm8d9e8wmm5xf4k77fnddmx5dnxdvmk7um9dackz7nsx4m8wcn9v9mk7cmzxdknydm2vdchgctgxc6kvvnxddkrx7ty9ehku6t0dchsygzpa7vl0xa6v56qasg0j8hqc42namgkpj4uae2q62sljyvpjlq7kvpsgqqqsmmqknmdan

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Ciência:

n/Astronomia - Espaço e astros (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyctwvshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ejxzmt4wvhxjme0s8pkkr ) nostr:naddr1qq9yzum5wfhkummdd9ssz9thwden5te0dehhxarj9ehhsarj9ejx2a30qgs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgrqsqqpphkkdel5t

n/Mecatrônica-NOSTR (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsyw3rqynrlkstywlk3gmlhvk4tcehpyahwktrqcczegaqt53vl7kcpg3mhxw309ahhsarjv3jhvctkxc685d35093rw7pkwf4xwdrww3a8z6ngv4jx6dtzx4ax5ut4d36kw6mwdpa8ydpkdeunyutzv9jzummwd9hkutcpg3mhxw309uex5umwd35xvmn9d35kwdtpvdcnv6tpvdukgmt6v33xgmt8xau8watwd568smpkw9mkyan6v93hwdrvwaex5mtv09jzummwd9hkutcpg4mhxue69uhhx6m60fhrvcmfd4nxga34v5e8q6r2vv68ju34wcmkj6mz0p6xudtxxajxkamwx43nwa35xa6xgat6d33x7um3d4ckgtn0de5k7m304dlxq4) nostr:naddr1qqfy6etrv9689sa5de5kxcfdfe84x4zjqythwumn8ghj76twvfhhstnp0faxzmt09ehx2ap0qgsyw3rqynrlkstywlk3gmlhvk4tcehpyahwktrqcczegaqt53vl7kcrqsqqpphkgsy84w

n/Antropologystr - Antropologia (por: nostr:npub1fyd0awkakq4aap70ual7mtlszjle9krffgwnsrkyua2frzmysd8qjj8gvg ) nostr:naddr1qq85zmn5dpex7ur0d3hkw7tnw3eqygzfrtlt4hds900g0nl80lk6luq5h7fds622r5uqa3882jgckeyrfcpsgqqqsmmq4xrrgc

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Cultura:

n/Estante-Nostr - Literatura e livros (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsdl72sxdne0yqwa7tpznlnc4yt5t9jf8htspnynrja92dcschm7sqpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ez6vp39eukz6mfdphkumn99e3k7mf0qywhwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytfsxgh8jcttd95x7mnwv5hxxmmd9uq37amnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3dxqejuer0wfskvctrw3hhy7fwdaexwtcjwfqr2) nostr:naddr1qqx52um5v9h8ge2lfehhxarjqgsdl72sxdne0yqwa7tpznlnc4yt5t9jf8htspnynrja92dcschm7sqrqsqqpphkwzdgct

n/Literatura-Arte-Cultura (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs92lr9pdcqnulddvzgj5twpz8ysdv7njhxagyxwtnlj8p3kpxxs9cprfmhxue69uhhq7tjv9kkjepwve5kzar2v9nzucm0d5hsz9nhwden5te0v4jx2m3wdehhxarj9ekxzmny9uqsuamnwvaz7tmwdaejumr0dshs8l9z0j) nostr:naddr1qqt5c6t5v4exzar4wfsj6stjw3jj6sm4d3682unpqgs92lr9pdcqnulddvzgj5twpz8ysdv7njhxagyxwtnlj8p3kpxxs9crqsqqpphkty54um

n/História-e-Filosofia (por: nostr:npub1ne99yarta29qxnsp0ssp6cpnnqmtwl8cvklenfcsg2fantuvf0zqmpxjxk ) nostr:naddr1qqjlp8u85lcflpahfpy4x4xrjdfyjsfdg5k5vj2vfaf573jfg8cflrum7z0cezczyz0y55n5d04g5q6wq97zq8tqxwvrddmulpjmlxd8zppf8kd0339ugqcyqqqgdas35g9vs

n/Urbanism - Urbanismo (por: nostr:nprofile1qqstwrymlvj5kcrjspppyepmavrhk6afg9sfa4q9zhvmzztp6am83xgpr9mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuumwdae8gtnnda3kjctv9u2dla7c) nostr:naddr1qqy92unzv9hxjumdqgstwrymlvj5kcrjspppyepmavrhk6afg9sfa4q9zhvmzztp6am83xgrqsqqpphkyl5u8a

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Fé:

n/Religião-e-Teologia - Cristianismo (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mz7qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9u2egtmk) nostr:naddr1qqs0p8u85lcflpah2fz5cj28f8pcxnedg5k4g320f385wj2p7z0ehyqzyz0y55n5d04g5q6wq97zq8tqxwvrddmulpjmlxd8zppf8kd0339ugqcyqqqgdasta04x5

n/Ateismo-e-Agnosticismo (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsw4jww99ykxf2jy4wyh685hp7cs70texztv0p7kqa3mqhfrvvdtscpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz8rhwden5te0wfjkccte9emkj6mfveex2etyd9sju7re0ghsftvmn0 e nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttsw43zuam9d3kx7unyv4ezumn9wshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyee0vnwevs) nostr:naddr1qqtyzar9d9ek6medv5k5zemwdaehg6trd9ek6mczyr4vnn3ff93j2539t3973a9c0ky8n67fsjmrc04s8vwc96gmrr2uxqcyqqqgdasuuzmw8

n/Budismo (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsw4jww99ykxf2jy4wyh685hp7cs70texztv0p7kqa3mqhfrvvdtscpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz8rhwden5te0wfjkccte9emkj6mfveex2etyd9sju7re0ghsftvmn0 e nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttsw43zuam9d3kx7unyv4ezumn9wshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyee0vnwevs) nostr:naddr1qqr5yatyd9ek6mczyr4vnn3ff93j2539t3973a9c0ky8n67fsjmrc04s8vwc96gmrr2uxqcyqqqgdas0kmt4m

n/Taoismo - Daoismo (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsw4jww99ykxf2jy4wyh685hp7cs70texztv0p7kqa3mqhfrvvdtscpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz8rhwden5te0wfjkccte9emkj6mfveex2etyd9sju7re0ghsftvmn0 e nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttsw43zuam9d3kx7unyv4ezumn9wshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyee0vnwevs) nostr:naddr1qqy9gct0cwkhxmt0qy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqyx7crkzqvd

n/Espiritualidade - Significação e sublimidade (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsw4jww99ykxf2jy4wyh685hp7cs70texztv0p7kqa3mqhfrvvdtscpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz8rhwden5te0wfjkccte9emkj6mfveex2etyd9sju7re0ghsftvmn0 e nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttsw43zuam9d3kx7unyv4ezumn9wshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyee0vnwevs) nostr:naddr1qq852umsd9exjar4v9kxjerpv3jszyrhwden5te0dehhxarj9ekk7mf0qgsw4jww99ykxf2jy4wyh685hp7cs70texztv0p7kqa3mqhfrvvdtscrqsqqpphkxa5nfy

---

Entretenimento:

n/Equinox - Cinema no Nostr (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyctwvshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ejxzmt4wvhxjme0s8pkkr) nostr:naddr1qqr52ut4d9hx77qpremhxue69uhkummnw3ez6ur4vgh8wetvd3hhyer9wghxuet59upzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqyx7cmc79n5

n/Rock/metal - Músicas Rock e Metal (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs9nyy7ctpy334n3p7gh4p93lmj2cch8ae8jgjsp8al2g32stdnpdcpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpr9mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnrdakjuct49us57cz4 e nostr:nprofile1qqsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ec8y6tdv9kzumn9wshszrnhwden5te0dehhxtnvdakz748t750 ) nostr:naddr1qq99ymmrdvh56et5v9kqzqqzypvep8kzcfyvdvug0j9agfv07ujkx9elwfujy5qfl06jy25zmvctwqcyqqqgdas306zj5

n/Música-Cinema-e-Livros (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mz7qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9u2egtmk) nostr:naddr1qq4lp8u85lcflpahfhpe556fgdqj6s6ffez56sfdyck5cj2k2f848uyl366lp8unhhcflyu6qgsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qrqsqqpphkfyz9pf

n/Lugares-e-Viagens (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mz7qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9u2egtmk) nostr:naddr1qqjlp8u85lcflpahf325ws2jg4fj63fd2ey5z369feflp8uv3mcflryd7z0cercpqqpzp8j22f6xh652qd8qzlpqr4sr8xpkka70sedlnxn3qs5nmxhccj7yqvzqqqyx7c965gfw

n/MídiasPerdidas - Lost Media (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mz7qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9u2egtmk) nostr:naddr1qqw0p8u85lcflpahfhpc63zfg9fj65z92fzyj3zp20cflfusqgsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qrqsqqpphkdltjpa

n/Football - Futebol (Por: nostr:nprofile1qqsyjxh7htwmq277sl87wlld4lcpf0ujmp5558fcpmzww4y33djgxnsppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qywhwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnzd96xxmmfdejhytnnda3kjctv9uq32amnwvaz7tmjv4kxz7fwv3sk6atn9e5k7tc9l2d6x / Moderadores: nostr:nprofile1qqsx5rzeds2gf6hzaqf35qc0y6v5fys72fsec8w3gwszn3jw5mxewvgpz4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezummcw3ezuer9wchszrnhwden5te0dehhxtnvdakz7qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9u5c2kxa & nostr:nprofile1qqspxhftq9htg9njgaefr6nmetl97q8qqlwxvynppl6c5zr9t0qmp9gpzfmhxue69uhhqatjwpkx2urpvuhx2ucpz3mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduq3qamnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wwa5kueguy3tt5) nostr:naddr1qqyxvmm0w33xzmrvqgsyjxh7htwmq277sl87wlld4lcpf0ujmp5558fcpmzww4y33djgxnsrqsqqpphkg0nfw5

n/Formula-1 (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsfujjjw3474zsrfcqhcgqavqeesd4h0nuxt0ue5ugy9y7e47xyh3qppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytn00p68ytnyv4mz7qgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9u2egtmk) nostr:naddr1qqy5vmmjd46kccfdxypzp8j22f6xh652qd8qzlpqr4sr8xpkka70sedlnxn3qs5nmxhccj7yqvzqqqyx7cc95u5w

n/Games - Atualizações sobre jogos (por: nostr:npub1atyuu22fvvj4yf2uf050fwra3pu7hjvykc7ravpmrkpwjxcc6hpsfneh4e ) nostr:naddr1qqz5wctdv4esyg82e88zjjtry4fz2hztar6tslvg084unp9k8sltqwcast53kxx4cvpsgqqqsmmqn0x7k7

n/JogosBrasil - Clips de jogos (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsyw3rqynrlkstywlk3gmlhvk4tcehpyahwktrqcczegaqt53vl7kcpg3mhxw309ahhsarjv3jhvctkxc685d35093rw7pkwf4xwdrww3a8z6ngv4jx6dtzx4ax5ut4d36kw6mwdpa8ydpkdeunyutzv9jzummwd9hkutcpg3mhxw309uex5umwd35xvmn9d35kwdtpvdcnv6tpvdukgmt6v33xgmt8xau8watwd568smpkw9mkyan6v93hwdrvwaex5mtv09jzummwd9hkutcpg4mhxue69uhhx6m60fhrvcmfd4nxga34v5e8q6r2vv68ju34wcmkj6mz0p6xudtxxajxkamwx43nwa35xa6xgat6d33x7um3d4ckgtn0de5k7m304dlxq4 ) nostr:naddr1qq955mm8dae5yunpwd5kcqghwaehxw309aex2mrp0yhxummnw3ezucnpdejz7q3qj90yg0hl4e6qr7yg982dlh0qxdefy72d6ntuqet7hv3ateya782sxpqqqzr0vus9jl2

n/Minecraft (por: nostr:npub19xc7f5lg2z6svrjgye63rx44a96aq2ysqajx5tmum28cu6mk5j3qj3n9m9 ) nostr:naddr1qqy566twv43hyctxwspzq2d3unf7s594qc8ysfn4zxdtt6t46q5fqpmydghhek503e4hdf9zqvzqqqyx7ct7hldr

n/GenshinImpactBr (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs28fezzs5n2rdjh9deqv3ztk59mhg4j2jxaee7a4amkya30jnruggppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnddakj7qgawaehxw309ahx7um5wghxy6t5vdhkjmn9wgh8xmmrd9skctcnffw22) nostr:naddr1qqtlp8u85lcflpahgajkuumgd9hyjmtsv93hgsnjq9z8wue69uhkw6tjwahhgvntdaunx6mkdgmxv6ehdaek2mm3v9a8qdtkwa3x2cthda3kyvmdxgmk5cm3w3sksd34vcexv6mvxdukgtn0de5k7m30qgs28fezzs5n2rdjh9deqv3ztk59mhg4j2jxaee7a4amkya30jnruggrqsqqpphkq4s4py

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Libertarianismo:

n/Defensores-caseiros (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsyw3rqynrlkstywlk3gmlhvk4tcehpyahwktrqcczegaqt53vl7kcpg3mhxw309ahhsarjv3jhvctkxc685d35093rw7pkwf4xwdrww3a8z6ngv4jx6dtzx4ax5ut4d36kw6mwdpa8ydpkdeunyutzv9jzummwd9hkutcpg3mhxw309uex5umwd35xvmn9d35kwdtpvdcnv6tpvdukgmt6v33xgmt8xau8watwd568smpkw9mkyan6v93hwdrvwaex5mtv09jzummwd9hkutcpg4mhxue69uhhx6m60fhrvcmfd4nxga34v5e8q6r2vv68ju34wcmkj6mz0p6xudtxxajxkamwx43nwa35xa6xgat6d33x7um3d4ckgtn0de5k7m304dlxq4) nostr:naddr1qq0lp8u85lcflpahg3jkvetwwdhhyetn943kzum9d9ex7ulsn78mgq3qgazxqfx8ldqkgaldz3hlwed2h3nwzfmwavkxp3s9j36qhfzeladsxpqqqzr0vcr78h2

n/Desobediência_Civil (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs2kw4x8jws3a4heehst0ywafwfymdqk35hx8mrf0dw6zdsnk5kj9gpg3mhxw309uex5umwd35xvmn9d35kwdtpvdcnv6tpvdukgmt6v33xgmt8xau8watwd568smpkw9mkyan6v93hwdrvwaex5mtv09jzummwd9hkutcpg4mhxue69uhhx6m60fhrvcmfd4nxga34v5e8q6r2vv68ju34wcmkj6mz0p6xudtxxajxkamwx43nwa35xa6xgat6d33x7um3d4ckgtn0de5k7m30q9z8wue69uhk77r5wfjx2anpwcmrg73kx3ukydmcxeex5ee5de685ut2dpjkgmf4vg6h56n3w4k82emtde585u35xeh8jvn3vfskgtn0de5k7m306r5ytp) nostr:naddr1qq2ygetnda3x2erfcw4xucmfv905x6tkd9kqz3rhwvaz7tm8d9e8wmm5xf4k77fnddmx5dnxdvmk7um9dackz7nsx4m8wcn9v9mk7cmzxdknydm2vdchgctgxc6kvvnxddkrx7ty9ehku6t0dchsyg9t82nre8gg76muumc9hj8w5hyjdkstg6tnra35hkhdpxcfm2tfz5psgqqqsmmqlg3ata

n/sobreviNOSTR - Sobrevivencialismo (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsyw3rqynrlkstywlk3gmlhvk4tcehpyahwktrqcczegaqt53vl7kcpg3mhxw309ahhsarjv3jhvctkxc685d35093rw7pkwf4xwdrww3a8z6ngv4jx6dtzx4ax5ut4d36kw6mwdpa8ydpkdeunyutzv9jzummwd9hkutcpg3mhxw309uex5umwd35xvmn9d35kwdtpvdcnv6tpvdukgmt6v33xgmt8xau8watwd568smpkw9mkyan6v93hwdrvwaex5mtv09jzummwd9hkutcpg4mhxue69uhhx6m60fhrvcmfd4nxga34v5e8q6r2vv68ju34wcmkj6mz0p6xudtxxajxkamwx43nwa35xa6xgat6d33x7um3d4ckgtn0de5k7m304dlxq4) nostr:naddr1qq20p8u85lcflpah2dhkyun9we55un6n23fqz3rhwvaz7tm8d9e8wmm5xf4k77fnddmx5dnxdvmk7um9dackz7nsx4m8wcn9v9mk7cmzxdknydm2vdchgctgxc6kvvnxddkrx7ty9ehku6t0dchsygz8g3szf3lmg9j80mg5dlmkt24uvmsjwmht93svvpv5ws96gk0ltvpsgqqqsmmqtempje

n/Triggr - Armas (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsyw3rqynrlkstywlk3gmlhvk4tcehpyahwktrqcczegaqt53vl7kcpg3mhxw309ahhsarjv3jhvctkxc685d35093rw7pkwf4xwdrww3a8z6ngv4jx6dtzx4ax5ut4d36kw6mwdpa8ydpkdeunyutzv9jzummwd9hkutcpg3mhxw309uex5umwd35xvmn9d35kwdtpvdcnv6tpvdukgmt6v33xgmt8xau8watwd568smpkw9mkyan6v93hwdrvwaex5mtv09jzummwd9hkutcpg4mhxue69uhhx6m60fhrvcmfd4nxga34v5e8q6r2vv68ju34wcmkj6mz0p6xudtxxajxkamwx43nwa35xa6xgat6d33x7um3d4ckgtn0de5k7m304dlxq4) nostr:naddr1qqr9g5jfgar4yqghwaehxw309aex2mrp0yhxummnw3ezucnpdejz7q3qgazxqfx8ldqkgaldz3hlwed2h3nwzfmwavkxp3s9j36qhfzeladsxpqqqzr0vt5085y

n/Kaboom - Química e explosivos (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsyw3rqynrlkstywlk3gmlhvk4tcehpyahwktrqcczegaqt53vl7kcpg3mhxw309ahhsarjv3jhvctkxc685d35093rw7pkwf4xwdrww3a8z6ngv4jx6dtzx4ax5ut4d36kw6mwdpa8ydpkdeunyutzv9jzummwd9hkutcpg3mhxw309uex5umwd35xvmn9d35kwdtpvdcnv6tpvdukgmt6v33xgmt8xau8watwd568smpkw9mkyan6v93hwdrvwaex5mtv09jzummwd9hkutcpg4mhxue69uhhx6m60fhrvcmfd4nxga34v5e8q6r2vv68ju34wcmkj6mz0p6xudtxxajxkamwx43nwa35xa6xgat6d33x7um3d4ckgtn0de5k7m304dlxq4 ) nostr:naddr1qqt0p8u85lcflpahfdq5yn60fhcflra57z0602qppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qgsyw3rqynrlkstywlk3gmlhvk4tcehpyahwktrqcczegaqt53vl7kcrqsqqpphk637p09

n/CAVERNA-DO-PIRATA - Pirataria (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsyw3rqynrlkstywlk3gmlhvk4tcehpyahwktrqcczegaqt53vl7kcpg3mhxw309ahhsarjv3jhvctkxc685d35093rw7pkwf4xwdrww3a8z6ngv4jx6dtzx4ax5ut4d36kw6mwdpa8ydpkdeunyutzv9jzummwd9hkutcpg3mhxw309uex5umwd35xvmn9d35kwdtpvdcnv6tpvdukgmt6v33xgmt8xau8watwd568smpkw9mkyan6v93hwdrvwaex5mtv09jzummwd9hkutcpg4mhxue69uhhx6m60fhrvcmfd4nxga34v5e8q6r2vv68ju34wcmkj6mz0p6xudtxxajxkamwx43nwa35xa6xgat6d33x7um3d4ckgtn0de5k7m304dlxq4) nostr:naddr1qq40p8u85lcflpahgdq4v32jfeqj63z094gyj5jp23qlp8u0kn3gpr0znzswlwy07z0ca2gpg3mhxw309ankjunhda6ry6m00yekkan2xenxkdm0wdjk7utp0fcr2anhvfjkzam0vd3rxmfjxa4xxut5v95rvdtxxfnxkmpn09jzummwd9hkutczypr5gcpycla5zerha52xlam9427xdcf8dm4jccxxqk28gzayt8l4kqcyqqqgdask5hmmn

n/PrivateSociety - Propostas e discussões para uma sociedade privada (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttsw43zuam9d3kx7unyv4ezumn9wshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyee0vnwevs) nostr:naddr1qq89qunfweshge2nda3kjet50ypzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqyx7cfvhgrt

n/TeoriaDasBandeiras (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs8efvwljfdwa0qynp7n9dhqacf3llucdqtm9ge8kjv0dt40yw586gpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyctwvshszrnhwden5te0dehhxtnvdakz7ar9xsz) nostr:naddr1qqf9get0wf5kzerpwdpxzmnyv45hyctnqgs8efvwljfdwa0qynp7n9dhqacf3llucdqtm9ge8kjv0dt40yw586grqsqqpphkatc9rh

n/SemFronteiras (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs8efvwljfdwa0qynp7n9dhqacf3llucdqtm9ge8kjv0dt40yw586gpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyctwvshszrnhwden5te0dehhxtnvdakz7ar9xsz) nostr:naddr1qqx4xetdgeex7mn5v45hyctnqgs8efvwljfdwa0qynp7n9dhqacf3llucdqtm9ge8kjv0dt40yw586grqsqqpphkjs0cue

n/AnarcoSobrevivencialismo (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsfj5s9lrcckaxd8ul7vf3c4ajfg0n0ytcjvetclw679hy6p98wpfqpr4mhxue69uhkummnw3ezucnfw33k76twv4ezuum0vd5kzmp0qy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnwdaehgu3wvfnj7qg4waehxw309ahx7um5wghx77r5wghxgetk9uykdgj7) nostr:naddr1qqdyzmnpwf3k75m0vfex2anfwejkucmfv9kxjumddap9yq3qn9fqt7833d6v60elucnr3tmyjslx7gh3yejh37a4utwf5z2wuzjqxpqqqzr0vsz5kcy

n/SociedadeAlternativaLibertaria - Libertários (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs2ph3za34henpq2y3rzgqwgdc4pjmpleqr5t62rf7kxj0lmdyxnfgppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0ydypw5) nostr:naddr1qq09xmmrd9jkgctyv4qkcar9wfhxzarfwes5c6tzv4e8gctjd9ssyg9qmc3wc6muess9zg33yq8yxu2sedslusp69a9p5ltrf8lakjrf55psgqqqsmmq8dtk3m

n/LibertariosPT - Libertários de Portugal (por: nostr:nprofile1qqszx8rlqax4pakclsxscudfset7fs37jm7rflnugh3nf8r4ehx4z4gppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp05leack) nostr:naddr1qqx5c6tzv4e8gctjd9hhx5z5qgszx8rlqax4pakclsxscudfset7fs37jm7rflnugh3nf8r4ehx4z4grqsqqpphke05802

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Discussões Sociais

n/Aliança-Conservadora-Brasileira (por: nostr:npub1atg5rgfuarup49470kqexfgcesdr85yru56y0y8qf3z6kc30g2vqyfyqyp ) nostr:naddr1qqsyzmrfv9hv8fmptapk7mnnv4e8vctydaexzh6zwfshx6tvv45hycgzyr4dzsdp8n50sx5khe7crye9rrxp5v7ss0jng3usupxyt2mz9apfsqcyqqqgdasue9j59

n/Ilha-de-Anhatomirin - Monarquia (Por: nostr:nprofile1qqsgzc22v804davx6vpwtwfu6j84yvupeld497tfr396usmu7s0m08qpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhszymhwden5te0v9ehgunpdshxu6twdfsj7qguwaehxw309a5x7ervvfhkgtnrdaexzcmvv5h8gmm0d3ej7a2jp7u) nostr:naddr1qqf5jmrgvykkgefdg9hxsct5dakkjunfd5q3uamnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3dwp6kytnhv4kxcmmjv3jhytnwv46z7q3qs9s55cwl2m6cd5czukune4y02gecrn7m2tukj8zt4epheaqlk7wqxpqqqzr0vu2qg3m

n/ManosphereBrasil - Contra a misandria (Por: nostr:nprofile1qqs0p3yd48kzm56a4tual772y3vsjwehx6tc3rv8ht8q0zgncg5r7qgpg3mhxw309ahhsarjv3jhvctkxc685d35093rw7pkwf4xwdrww3a8z6ngv4jx6dtzx4ax5ut4d36kw6mwdpa8ydpkdeunyutzv9jzummwd9hkutcpjnhed) nostr:naddr1qqgy6ctwdaehq6r9wfj5yunpwd5kcqgawaehxw309ahx7um5wghxy6t5vdhkjmn9wgh8xmmrd9skctczyrcvfrdfaskaxhd2l80lhj3ytyynkdekj7ygmpa6ecrcjy7z9qlszqcyqqqgdasl3kaju

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Memes

n/Shitposting (Por: nostr:nprofile1qqs9nyy7ctpy334n3p7gh4p93lmj2cch8ae8jgjsp8al2g32stdnpdcpzamhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnzv9hxgtcpr9mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumn0wd68ytnrdakjuct49us57cz4) nostr:naddr1qq94x6rfw3cx7um5d9hxwqgswaehxw309ahx7um5wghx6mmd9upzqkvsnmpvyjxxkwy8ez75yk8lwftrzulhy7fz2qylhafz92pdkv9hqvzqqqyx7chlz42w

n/Puro-caldo-do-Brasil. (por: nostr:nprofile1qqsztjv2pflmwcayr2jaq90astj94lu5l0smr0zhkfdct4ry7uxu7dqywzq8t) nostr:naddr1qq24qatjdukkxctvv3hj6er094p8yctnd9kzuqghwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8qunfd4skctnwv46z7q3qyhyc5znlka36gx496q2lmqhyttlef7lpkx790vjmsh2xfacdeu6qxpqqqzr0vwh0r4w

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Locais

n/NordesteLibertário - Nordeste (Por: nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyctwvshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ejxzmt4wvhxjme0s8pkkr ) nostr:naddr1qqf5ummjv3jhxar9f35kyetjwnp6zunfdupzpf0wg36k3g3hygndv3cp8f2j284v0hfh4dqgqjj3yxnreck2w4qpqvzqqqyx7cnejrgl

n/BahiaLibertária - Bahia (por: nostr:nprofile1qqs2tmjyw452ydezymtywqf625j3atra6datgzqy55fp5c7w9jn4gqgpzpmhxue69uhkummnw3ezumt0d5hsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyctwvshsz9thwden5te0wfjkccte9ejxzmt4wvhxjme0s8pkkr ) nostr:naddr1qqgyyctgd9s5c6tzv4e8fsapwf5kzq3q5hhygatg5gmjyfkkguqn54f9r6k8m5m6ksyqffgjrf3uut982sqsxpqqqzr0vc4949j

n/LiberdadeMinas - Minas Gerais (Por: nostr:nprofile1qqsf0kszkmrmy9l3c7mxr3uhh3fmyjpq2z4hjvv7wdq84k5npd7gw3cpz4mhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuerpd46hxtnfduhszxthwden5te0wfjkccte9eekummjwsh8xmmrd9skctcprpmhxue69uhhyetvv9ujuurvv438xarj9e3k7mf0mx68nx) nostr:naddr1qq8yc6tzv4exgctyv4xkjmnpwvqsqq3qjldq9dk8kgtlr3akv8re00znkfyzq59t0yceuu6q0tdfxzmusarsxpqqqzr0vag4knt

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Empreendedorismo:

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Análise

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@ 557c650b:b04c6817

Um exercício mental

@ e88a691e:27850411

An opinionated guide to Sauna.

By NVK 🌐 🐦

Introduction

Updated from the Sauna, October 7th 2024

After years of experimenting with different sauna types, I’ve developed strong opinions on the subject. The purpose of this article is to share these opinions with anyone who is interested in them and, hopefully, help others get more out of their sauna experience.

I’m certain my opinions will offend some, including all the people who (in my view) are doing it wrong. I know that saunas are important to many cultures around the world and that my strongly held opinions may offend some of those cultures.

Mind you, although I grew up in South America, I do have a fair amount of slavic blood in me. When I was a child, my grandfather regularly took me with him to the shvitz. One of my fondest memories from this time was the “Scottish Bath”, which involves standing against the sauna wall, execution-style, so that someone can spray you with freezing water from a high pressure hose. I’ve never heard of this outside of South American and can’t attest to whether it has any real Scottish origins.

The various health claims about using a sauna are beyond the scope of this article. All I have to say is that, like many things in my life, like Bitcoin, the meat/keto diet, and fasting, I find sauna to be yet another cheat code to life: it’s a simple thing that just makes life a lot better. If you want a good primer on scientific health benefits of sauna, I recommend starting with this article by Rhonda Patric. She goes in depth.

To be clear, it should go without saying that I am not a medical expert or professional. None of the opinions below are, or should be interpreted as, medical advice. There are many people for whom sauna use is not recommended. It would be prudent for any sauna user to consult with his or her doctor before entering a sauna.

Thanks to S. for taking the time to do a very helpful first review of this article. And thanks to The Wife for helping make my words legible and helping me make time to sauna–I don’t know which sacrifice was bigger.

Banya or Nothing

When I talk about saunas, I’m talking about a sauna with a stove, either wood or electric, that allows for steam. I call this “Banya style”. To be clear, I’m distinguishing between saunas and steam baths. Steam baths have their own place, but they aren’t my thing and I don’t consider them saunas.

A breakdown of the main types of saunas may be helpful, so you know which to avoid:

1. Wet saunas, which are typically cedar rooms with wood burning or electric stoves onto which you throw liquid to create steam (I call this “Banya style”);
2. Dry saunas, which are typically cedar rooms with wood burning or electric stoves without added steam (like Korean style saunas); and
3. Infrared saunas, which, unlike traditional saunas, don’t heat the surrounding air. Instead, they use infrared panels to warm your body directly.

In my opinion, it’s Banya style or nothing. I’m not a huge fan of dry saunas, and I don’t even bother with infrared saunas. Infrared is a fiat-shitcoin. I want steam!

How to Sauna

Sauna Etiquette

If you read no other part of this already-too-long-article, read this.

Saunas are social places. There are proper ways of being in a sauna with others, and there are ways to do it wrong. You don’t want to be the person who ruins it for everyone. Here are some important etiquette tips:

Silence vs. Chatting: It’s not a question of whether you have to stay silent in a sauna or if it’s ok to talk. It depends on the circumstances and who else is around. If you’re using a sauna that isn’t your own, ask the staff about the preferred custom. The noise level in a sauna differs depending on the group in the sauna at a particular time. If you do want to chat with others, there’s nothing wrong with that. But, pay attention to whether there are others in the sauna who'd prefer it quiet. And definitely do NOT be obnoxiously loud – yes, I’m looking at you bachelor(ette) group who just discovered the Russian Banya.

Coming and Going: People rotate in and out of the sauna at different paces, so there will be people coming and going during your shvitz. But there are ways to come and go that are considerate and proper.

Keep the f-ing door closed (which was the working title of this article). Once you leave, don’t come back inside moments later. Doing so disturbs your fellow sauna users, lets out the all-important steam, and prevents the sauna from reaching an appropriate temperature.

If you’re in the sauna with a group of friends, try to coordinate your comings and goings so you’re all on the same cycle.

If you can only last 5 min at a sauna, don’t go in too often at the risk of ruining it for others (assuming it’s not your own private sauna).

Be fast when closing the sauna door when you come or leave. Otherwise, you will get dirty looks from others and may even hear mumbles of “quick quick, fast fast” from a Gray Beard. And you will deserve it.

Never open the door right after someone puts water on the stove to make steam. It’s all about the steam. Don’t waste it.

Controlling the heat: if you can’t handle the heat in the sauna, don’t just turn the heat down, because it ruins it for others. Instead, go to a lower bench or get out and take your break. Saunas are meant to be hot. That’s the whole point.

Personal Hygiene: Shower before you go into the sauna. Don’t wear perfume, smelly deodorant, or fragrant lotions. Smells get amplified in a sauna. Have a towel under you, don't leave your drippings behind. Best yet, make a Z with your towel, this covers your butt and down under your feet.

Clothing: sauna is not a place for wearing clothing. It is a place to get back to nature. If you are shy, just wrap a towel around yourself. People ask if I don't feel awkward, the answer is no. Who cares, humans naked is not novel. In many countries, it is strictly forbidden to wear clothing or bring anything but a towel into the sauna. It's understandable that may not be possible in North American public saunas on mix gender "family" days. If you have to wear something, then wear something 100% cotton or marino wool. You don't want plastic being backed into your genitals. One more thing, leave the watch out as it gets hot and will burn you. Also, flip-flops/sandals, stay outside.

Some saunas sell body scrubs and masks for you to apply before or in the sauna. Note that once in the heat, these can get goopy and drippy and may melt into your eyes and mouth. So (in this opinionated guides’ wife’s opinion), they are better in theory than reality.

Adding Oils and scents: As discussed below, it can be nice to add certain oils and other scents to the steam. But if there are others in the sauna, ask first before you do.

Where and how to sit: Hot air rises. So, the higher benches are hotter and the lower benches are cooler. If you are a newbie, pick a lower bench so you don’t have to leave as quickly and open the door unnecessarily.

It’s great to lay down in the sauna, but if it gets crowded, sit up to make room for others.

When moving around to find your seat, don’t walk on the benches in your sandals. Leave your sandals outside the sauna or on the sauna floor.

Sauna Temperature

In most proper Russian style Banyas you will find temperatures of 80-95 degrees celsius, which, in my opinion, is the best range. Thats near your body. "Offical" on the dial will he 100-120C. But sometimes you want to take it a little easier or last a little longer in the sauna. In these cases, 65-85 at body, dial at 80-100. degrees celsius will do.

However, if your sauna is below 85 degrees celsius on the dial, you might as well just go hide under your bed sheets and not waste your time.

At some saunas in hotels, gyms, or spas, you may not be allowed to set the sauna as high as you’d like (see below). There are many tricks to circumvent these frustrating restrictions, but my legal counsel has advised me not to go into any details here.

Sauna Duration

The amount of time you spend in the sauna is a matter of personal preference and depends on the number of cycles you do (more on cycles, below).

For your first round, my opinion is that most people should try to last 15 minutes in the sauna. If a sauna is at the proper temperature, most people will struggle to stay inside any longer. If you can stay inside for 20-30 minutes, your sauna is probably too cold and/or there is not enough steam. Many saunas have hourglasses inside to keep time, and I’ve never seen a sauna hourglass with more than 15 minutes, which should be a good hint.

My preferred is;

Cold Plunge => Sauna 15 min => Cold Plunge => Hydrate with Salt & Water, Rest 5-10min => Sauna 15min => Cold Plunge => Hydrate with Salt & Water, Rest 5-10min => Sauna 15min => Cold Plunge => Hydrate with Salt & Water, Rest

if you can rest in the sun even better (no sunscreen poison please). You can add alcohol drinks to the hydration if you feel comfortable with that. But only add food after the last cycle.

For subsequent rounds, hydration starts to play a bigger role in how long you stay inside. Most people seem to last longer on their first round than on their second or third. If you can do 15 minutes on your second round, great. But 5-10 minutes is also fine.

Sauna Cycles

The traditional Russian Banya method (and in this writer’s opinion, the best method) is to do sauna cycles. Go into the sauna and just stay as long as you can take it (up to 15 minutes or so). Then take a cold shower and/or cold plunge (see below). Then robe-up and go relax with water, tea or beer. Once you start feeling “normal” again, repeat. For me, three cycles is the sweet spot. I’ll do more cycles if I’m spending the day at the Banya facility. If I’m at home, where I often sauna every other day, I find just one or two cycles does the trick. Sometimes I add a cycle or two on the weekend.

Occasionally, I like to go into the sauna as it’s warming up and before it reaches optimum heat (i.e. at around 60 degree celsius). This way, I can stay longer in the sauna for my first round (about 30-40 minutes). If I take this approach, I generally only do one more short round after my cold plunge.

Cold showers and plunges

In my experience, you want to take a cold shower or a cold plunge (or both, plunge is better) after the sauna cycle.After you come out of the sauna, immediately jump into cold plunge for a bit, i don't like to stay too long. Some Banya facilities will have a bucket filled with cold water that you can pull with a string to let the water pour over you, pull a couple times. The banyas may also have a cold pool of water into which you can plunge for a bit.

If I’m at my country place, after I get out of the sauna I jump into the cold lake. If it’s winter, I like to roll in the snow, which is satisfying. Some cultures would say that it’s not a real sauna experience unless you roll in at least one foot of snow.

After your cold shower or plunge, put on a warm robe and go relax before going back into the sauna. I like to relax for 5-20 minutes, depending on how much time I have. This allows the body’s temperature to decrease slowly. I do not recommend going directly back into the sauna after your cold plunge. If you don’t give yourself enough time after the cold plunge, you will overheat and won’t last very long when you return to the sauna.

Position

There really are no rules here. The way you position yourself in the sauna depends on your mood and preference, and there are many options. For example, you can sauna seated with your legs hanging down or with your knees up. You can lie down if there’s room. My favorite position is to lie down on my back with my legs up against the wall and, assuming the ceiling is low enough, with my feet stretched against the ceiling. This is a great way to stretch the hamstrings (check out stretching under “Sauna Activities”, below).

Choosing whether to sit on a higher bencher or lower bench is the best way to control the temperature you experience without adjusting the room temperature itself. You will notice the heat in the sauna increases exponentially every inch you go up. If you are struggling to stay in the sauna but don’t want to get out just yet, try moving down to a lower bench to last a little longer. Lying on the floor is the coolest spot and a great place for kids to start getting exposed to saunas.

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There is no shame in going to lower benches or even the floor, there is only shame in opening the door before 15min

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Getting Steamy

Without steam, the sauna would just be a sad, hot oven (I’m looking at you, infrared sauna).

The steam in the sauna has many benefits but most importantly it increases the thermal coupling of your body to the air and it feels great.

The amount of steam in the sauna is a matter of personal taste. You don’t want to make it into a steam room (remember, steam rooms are NOT saunas). But, you do want the sauna to be very moist. I find that two to four ladles of water in a mid-size sauna every five to seven minutes does the trick. Keep it between 50-60% humidity.

I keep a bucket of water in the sauna at all times so that I can continue to ladle water as I shvitz. Make sure to get a wood bucket and a metal ladle with a wooden handle. Wood ladles will crack, and if the handle is metal, it’ll burn you when you grab it.

If, when you enter the sauna, it’s already been on for a while, the wood is likely to already be wet and the sauna full of steam, so you may not need to add too much water. However, if you’ve just turned on the sauna and the wood walls are dry, you will need to ladle more water to make the air moist enough. If the sauna is too moist for comfort, open the door and let it dry out a bit (obviously, only do this in a private sauna).

Essential oils and even beer can all be added to the water to create scented steam. I recommend starting your sauna with just water, and add the scent as you get going.

You can try all sorts of different essential oils. I’ve tried everything from oak and cedar to tangerine and cinnamon (gag) essential oil. In the end, there are really only two oils that are worth it, in my opinion. The first is eucalyptus. I’ve experimented with different types of eucalyptus oil, and the variety you use makes a difference. My favorite is eucalyptus globulus. I also like diluted pine tar oil.

When you settle on your essential oil, add a healthy dose of the oil to the ladle filled with water. Never put the oil onto the oven directly. It’ll just burn.

In a few Russian facilities, I’ve seen Gray Beards pour Russian beer onto the oven and it was actually quite nice. It’s almost like being in a cozy bakery while you sweat

Some people like to place a salt brick or compressed solid blocks in their sauna from time to time. Put the salt block on the stove and pour water over it. The steam takes on a saltiness that feels nice. If a salt block is not available, you can get a cast iron teapot, fill it up with salt water, and place it on top of the stove.

And for my most important steam tip, I recommend using the “towel spin”. This is an effective and underrated technique to help circulate steam in the sauna. After creating steam, take your towel above your head and spin it around hard, like a ceiling fan. This movement works like a convection oven and spreads and equalizes the heat and steam throughout the room. It might make the folks sitting lower down in the sauna a little hotter, but that's what they’re there for, isn’t it?

Hydration

Being hydrated is important to having a positive sauna experience. You will lose a lot of your body’s water in the sauna. Ideally, start to hydrate well up to an hour before your sauna. I like to add a pinch of salt to my water to encourage water retention.

Do not bring any drinks into the sauna (the exception being a dedicated steam-beer, see above). Have your water or beverage when you’re outside the sauna, resting. If you find you need to drink water inside the sauna in order to cool yourself down, then it’s time for you to get out and allow your body a cool-down.

When you’re outside the sauna, don’t immediately down a glass of super cold water because you will cool down your internal body too fast. Personally, I like to drink warm tea after my first two cycles. After my second cycle, I enjoy a beer (pre-keto days), soup, or vodka drink. When non-keto, I do enjoy adult drinks in the cycles.

If you are doing a sauna while on a multi-day fast, you need to have water and salt, at a minimum. Otherwise, you will deplete your natural reserve of electrolytes and not be able to think straight.

Sauna Frequency

When it comes to frequency, if you are not in the equatorial heat do it every day. I now do mornings and end of day if I can. so 2x 2-3x cycles. In the summer, living in a hot & humid location, I sauna a lot less frequently. My desire to sauna is greatly diminished because I spend a lot of time in the sun and heat.

What to wear

Sauna Hat: I highly recommend wearing a Russian/Finish style wool hat when you’re inside the sauna. It may seem counterintuitive, but wearing a hat keeps your head cooler. An overheated head is not good for your brain. Wearing the hat stops you from overheating and lets you stay longer in the sauna. The temperature in a sauna is significantly hotter the higher in the room you are, and one’s head is at the top of the body (for most people). So protect your brain in style with a felt sauna hat. If you don’t have a felt sauna hat, buy one. They are easily found online. But in the meantime, you can wrap a dry towel around your head. Don’t forget to take your sauna hat off as you relax between cycles so your head can cool down.

Clothing: These days, many public saunas will have family days, men-only days, and women-only days. For obvious reasons, you’re only allowed to sauna naked if you’re attending one of the single-sex days.

If you’re at home, there’s no good reason to wear shorts or a bathing suit. Sauna naked. It's a lot more pleasant.

If you do wear clothing in the sauna, be careful with items with materials like metal or plastic attached. Things like pins, buttons, or string-ends will get very hot and probably burn you. Remember to take off any heat-conductive jewelry and leave your smart watch outside, as the heat will ruin its battery.

Don’t wear your robe inside the sauna. A robe is what you wear outside when relaxing or eating. If you wear it inside, you’ll overheat (and look like an idiot). Go ahead and sweat out that body shame robe-free. You can bring a towel into the sauna to sit on, if you want.

Shoes or sandals are highly recommended in public facilities. I mean, there are many people walking around wet. Ew. But keep your sandals outside the sauna itself, or on the sauna floor.

Sauna activities.

Don’t overthink it. Sitting in a sauna is activity enough, in my opinion. But there are some sauna activities you can do:

Veniks/Viht beating: these are bundles of leaves (commonly birch, oak, or eucalyptus) that are pre-soaked in hot water. Someone with both strength and capacity to exert themselves in the heat will beat your whole body with the leaves. This exfoliates your skin and also gets the plant oils to permeate your skin. And it’s very relaxing. If you’re at a sauna facility, don’t just grab any bundle you see lying around - that belongs to someone else and veniks aren’t shared. You have to bring your own or buy them at the front desk.

Stretching: this is a great activity to do in the sauna, but make sure to go very easy. Your muscles will be super warm and you don’t want to overdo it and hurt yourself.

Exercise or Sex: your heart better be in good shape if you try out these high intensity activities in the sauna. If you engage in the latter, you better be in your own home sauna. With respect to the former, I think doing some leg-ups can be very satisfying.

Phone use: If you’re at home, it’s nice to use your sauna time to shit-post on Twitter or read an article, if you feel like it. Just keep your phone close to the colder, lower parts near the floor or it’ll overheat and shut down. You can also place the phone outside of the air vent and play a podcast! The Bitcoin.review is great ;)

Napping: I don’t recommend this. If you fall asleep or pass out, you will probably die due to overheating or dehydration.

Chatting: Saunas are great places for conversations (subject to the caveats I address above). Note that nowadays, microphone modules are both very tiny and can withstand high temperatures, so it’s no longer recommended to reenact mafia movie sauna scenes.

Eating and Drinking: As discussed above, never have food or drink inside the sauna. But when you finish your sauna, take advantage of whatever snacks the facility offers. For Russian joints, the soups, fish roe and dry salty fish snacks are great. Again, don’t eat before your sauna; wait until you’re done. Some places will have bottled salty-ish lake water, and beer seems to be a good source of salts and re-hydration. Vodka drinks are nice sometimes, too. My favorites are vodka with beet juice and horseradish, vodka with pickle juice, or just a chilled shot of Zubrowka (vodka infused with bison grass). Teas are also very enjoyable post-sauna. I prefer non-caffeinated berry teas. Some Banyas even offer free tea to patrons.

Ready to Sweat It Out?

Thanks to this fantastic guide to sauna, you’re now feeling confident and excited to seek out a solid sauna. So where do you go?

Where to Find a Sauna

Spas: Spas are not the best place to have an optimal sauna experience. Saunas at spas are typically not hot enough and spas have annoying staff whose job it is to enforce idiotic rules and practices that prevent you from having a real sauna experience.

Gyms & Hotels: These are some of the worst places to sauna. For liability reasons, these saunas tend to be too cold and there are often mechanisms that prevent you from raising the temperature. Here, you’ll often see saunas with glass doors, which may look chic, but are inefficient and stupid because they don’t seal properly and leak steam. Gyms and hotels are high traffic areas, so people who don’t know what they are doing are constantly coming and going from the sauna, which, as we discussed, is a sauna no-no. If you still want to try the sauna at your gym or hotel, I recommend going in naked. It’ll deter people from joining you and ruining the little steam you managed to get going.

Traditional bath houses (Banyas): These usually offer a great experience because they deliver a super hot sauna, good cold baths and plunges, delicious food and drinks, and knowledgeable staff.

Home: Yes, you can build a great sauna in your own home! You can create a small space in your basement, turn a closet or cold room into a sauna, or just add an outdoor hut or barrel sauna in your backyard. This is the best way for you to control the whole experience and do it often. As with anything, the easier it is to access, the more you will do it.

Build it. They will Come

Many people have asked me for details about sauna building. If you’re ready to build your own personal home sauna, here are some important considerations.

Materials

Saunas are insulated rooms, most commonly finished with cedar tung and groove slats. Cedar is used because it doesn’t rot with moisture. You don’t want treated wood as it will release all the bad stuff that keeps the wood from rotting into the air when heated. Cedar interior is often placed over a vapor barrier, followed by insulation and then the outer wall. Many outdoor saunas are not insulated. They simply have a single layer of cedar 2x6 planks functioning as both the interior and exterior. Non-insulated saunas need much more heating power in the winter.

Structure

For indoor saunas, you may want to find a bricklayer to build something for you. Traditional facilities often have brick-lined rooms and very large wood-burning stoves.

You can buy prefab outdoor saunas, which are often sheds or barrels. After experimenting with both, I’ve concluded that barrel saunas are inferior, even though that’s what I have at my country property. This is because barrels have concave ceilings and inner walls. This means the benches are lower and the curve makes the topmost part of the ceiling (and the hottest part) the furthest from you, or inaccessible. The spinning towel trick really helps in the barrel.

When it comes to buying a sauna, go with the most traditional structure possible. They are based on thousands of years of evolution and knowledge.

Portable tent saunas are fun, but impractical because you have to set them up before each use.

Bench height inside the sauna is important. I think the top-most bench should be very near the ceiling. This way, when you’re lying down, you can use the ceiling to stretch the hamstrings. As a rule of thumb, bench length should allow you to lie down completely. It is also nice to have at least one lower bench for visitors or less intense sauna days.

Sauna Ovens

There are two main types of sauna ovens: wood burning and electrical (with gas heating being available, but not common). If the location you are building allows for it, go with electrical. It’s practical and easy to get going quickly. This means you will use it more often. Wood burning saunas are romantic and smell great, but it is a lot more work to get a fire going, especially in the winter.

Opt for oven sizes that are recommended or above recommended for the size of the sauna. A larger oven means more thermic inertia, more rocks for steam, and therefore less time to warm up the room. Bigger is better. The Scandinavians make the best quality ovens.

Oven controllers

There are two types of temperature control devices: the analog cooking-style or the digital type. I think, due to liability and safety, all ovens have a timer that max out at one hour.

The digital oven controllers are fantastic and I have one in the city in my basement sauna.

However, you have to consider your environment. For me, temperatures in the winter can reach below -30C and in the summer, over 40C. This massive range can take a toll on outdoor equipment and materials. For this reason, I opted for an analog controller for my outdoor sauna in the country, since the weather will likely ruin the electronics of the digital controller.

I would avoid ovens with analog pre-heat timers. They are great in theory, but the implementation is utter garbage. The timer won’t be precise and it’ll just lead to frustration, for example, when you thought you set the oven to start in three hours, but it actually started in two hours and already turned off.

Important Sauna Gear

Windows are nice to have, especially if you have a view to enjoy. Opt for at least a cedar door with a little window. Do not go with modern glass door styles. They are crap. They have gaps, no insulation, and let in too much light.

Saunas need thermometers and hygrometers (to measure humidity). The thermometers should be rated for saunas and be visible inside. This is both for safety and bragging rights.

I think having an hourglass inside your sauna is a must. Being able to know for sure how long you’ve been inside is important, since your sense of timing inside the sauna may be off depending on the state of your mind and body on a given day. You shouldn’t wear a watch inside the sauna, since it’ll overheat or break. Having a clock visible from the inside is also a good idea, especially if you sauna often and have a wife and kids who you don’t want to leave you.

Air circulation is an often-overlooked but important part of a sauna design. Saunas should not have stale air. The best sauna design creates natural “real convection” by placing an air intake under the oven wall and another at the top opposite wall. This allows fresh air to enter the sauna while in use. Be sure to add regulators, since you don’t want to cool the sauna or expel all steam. Without regulators you may get too much or too little air in. With too much air, you may cool the sauna down too much and/or lose too much steam.

Nice Things to Have

Lights are optional but welcome additions. It can be unpleasant to have no lighting at all, especially in an outdoor sauna on a cold, dark night. Lights should be warm-temperature and low power. I recommend an oven light, since they don’t sweat the heat (get it?) and are often low power.

Put a baking tray under your oven–thank me later.

Wood “pillows” for your head are nice and don’t get sweat-stained and stinky, like a fabric pillow.

Keep some extra felt hats near your sauna so when you or your guests forget their hat, you still have easy access to one.

I like to keep a couple of essential oils on the floor of the sauna, for easy access. If you keep the oils too high in the sauna, they’ll get too hot and spoil.

I place some duck boards over floor tiles in the sauna to prevent cold feet.

I also like to keep a small, natural broom inside the sauna to sweep up any dirt or leaves that come into the sauna on people’s feet.

Final words

As you can tell, I have some strong opinions when it comes to the proper way to enjoy a sauna. My hope is that my musings will help you to maximize your own sauna experience.. If you follow this guide, I’m certain you will benefit from and enjoy the sauna as much as I do and, just maybe, you too will develop your own strongly held opinions that will most definitely offend me.

Thanks for reading, please close the F-ing door.

ps, you can get a Bitcoin Honey Badger Sauna Hat here

• EOF