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Abstract

This paper examines a hypothetical scenario in which the United States, under Trump’s leadership, withdraws from NATO and reduces its support for Europe, thereby enabling a Russian conquest of Ukraine and the subsequent expansion of Moscow’s influence over Eurasia, while the US consolidates its dominance over South America. Drawing on classical geopolitical theories—specifically those of Halford Mackinder, Alfred Thayer Mahan, Rudolf Kjellén, and Friedrich Ratzel—the study analyzes how these frameworks can elucidate the evolving power dynamics and territorial ambitions in a reconfigured global order. The discussion highlights Mackinder’s notion of the Eurasian Heartland and its strategic importance, Mahan’s emphasis on maritime power and control of strategic routes, Kjellén’s view of the state as an expanding organism, and Ratzel’s concept of Lebensraum as a justification for territorial expansion. The paper also explores contemporary developments, such as the US–Ukraine economic agreement and Trump’s overt territorial ambitions involving Greenland and Canada, in light of these theories. By juxtaposing traditional geopolitical concepts with current international relations, the study aims to shed light on the potential implications of such shifts for regional stability, global security, and the balance of power, particularly in relation to emerging neocolonial practices in Latin America.

Introduction

In recent years, the geopolitical dynamics involving the United States, Russia, and Ukraine have sparked analyses from different theoretical perspectives. This paper examines recent events – presupposing a scenario in which Donald Trump withdraws the US from NATO and reduces its support for Europe, allowing a Russian conquest of Ukraine and the expansion of Moscow’s influence over Eurasia, while the US consolidates its dominance over South America – in light of classical geopolitical theories. The ideas of Halford Mackinder, Alfred Thayer Mahan, Rudolf Kjellén, and Friedrich Ratzel are used as reference points. The proposal is to impartially evaluate how each theory can elucidate the developments of this hypothetical scenario, relating Russian territorial expansion in Eurasia to the strategic retreat of the US to the Western Hemisphere.

Initially, we will outline Mackinder’s conception of the Heartland (the central Eurasian territory) and the crucial role of Eastern Europe and Ukraine in the quest for global dominance. Next, we will discuss Mahan’s ideas regarding maritime power and the control of strategic routes, considering the impacts on the naval power balance among the US, Russia, and other maritime powers such as the United Kingdom and Japan. Subsequently, we will examine Kjellén’s organic theory of the state, interpreting the Russian expansionist strategy as a reflection of a state organism in search of vital space. In the same vein, Ratzel’s concept of “Lebensraum” will be explored, along with how Russia could justify territorial expansion based on resources and territory. Finally, the paper connects these theories to the current political context, analyzing the direct negotiations between Washington and Moscow (overlooking Ukraine and Europe), the US policy toward authoritarian regimes in Latin America, and the notion of a hemispheric division of power – the “Island of the Americas” under North American hegemony versus an Eurasia dominated by Russia. Lastly, it considers the possibility that such a geopolitical arrangement may foster the strengthening of authoritarian governments globally, rather than containing them, thus altering the paradigms of the liberal world order.

The Heartland of Mackinder: Ukraine, Eurasia, and Global Dominance

Halford J. Mackinder, a British geographer and pioneer of geopolitics, proposed the celebrated Heartland Theory in the early twentieth century. Mackinder divided the world into geostrategic zones and identified the Heartland—the central continental mass of Eurasia—as the “geographical pivot of history” [5]. His most famous maxim encapsulates this vision: “who rules Eastern Europe commands the Heartland; who rules the Heartland commands the World Island; who rules the World Island commands the world” [5]. Eastern Europe and, in particular, the region of present-day Ukraine, play a key role in this formula. This is because, for Mackinder, Eastern Europe functions as a gateway to the Heartland, providing access to resources and a strategic position for the projection of continental power [5].

Applying this theory to our scenario, the conquest of Ukraine and Eastern European countries by Russia would have profound geopolitical implications. From a Mackinderian point of view, such a conquest would enormously strengthen Russia’s position in the Heartland by adding manpower (population) and Ukraine’s industrial and agricultural resources to its power base [5]. In fact, Mackinder argued that controlling the Heartland conferred formidable geostrategic advantages—a vast terrestrial “natural fortress” protected from naval invasions and rich in resources such as wheat, minerals, and fuels [5]. Thus, if Moscow were to incorporate Ukraine (renowned for its fertile soil and grain production, as well as its mineral reserves) and extend its influence over Eastern Europe, Russia would consolidate the Heartland under its direct control. In this context, the absence of the USA (withdrawn from NATO and less engaged in Europe) would remove an important obstacle to Russian predominance in the region.

With central and eastern Eurasia under Russian influence, it would be possible to move toward the realization of the geopolitical nightmare described by Mackinder for Western maritime powers: a hegemonic continental power capable of projecting power to both Europe and Asia. Mackinder himself warned that if a Heartland power gained additional access to an oceanic coastline—in other words, if it combined land power with a significant maritime front—it would constitute a “danger” to global freedom [5]. In the scenario considered, besides advancing into Eastern Europe, Russia would already possess strategic maritime outlets (for example, in the Black Sea, via Crimea, and in the Baltic, via Kaliningrad or the Baltic States if influenced). Thus, the control of Ukraine would reinforce Russia’s position in the Black Sea and facilitate projection into the Eastern Mediterranean, expanding its oceanic front. From a Mackinderian perspective, this could potentially transform Russia into the dominant power of the “World Island” (the combined mass of Europe, Asia, and Africa), thereby unbalancing the global geopolitical order [5].

It is worth noting that, historically, Mackinder’s doctrine influenced containment strategies: both in the interwar period and during the Cold War, efforts were made to prevent a single power from controlling the Heartland and Eastern Europe. NATO, for example, can be seen as an instrument to prevent Soviet/Russian advances in Europe, in line with Mackinder’s imperative to “contain the Heartland.” Thus, if the USA were to abandon that role—by leaving NATO and tacitly accepting the Russian sphere of influence in Eurasia—we would be witnessing an inversion of the principles that have guided Western policy for decades. In short, under Mackinder’s theory, the Russian conquest of Ukraine and beyond would represent the key for Russia to command the Heartland and, potentially, challenge global hegemony, especially in a scenario where the USA self-restricts to the Western Hemisphere.

The Maritime Power of Mahan and the Naval Balance between West and East

While Mackinder emphasized continental land power, Alfred Thayer Mahan, a nineteenth-century American naval strategist, highlighted the crucial role of maritime power in global dominance. In his work The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890), Mahan studied the example of the British Empire and concluded that control of the seas paved the way for British supremacy as a world power [10]. He argued that a strong navy and the control of strategic maritime routes were decisive factors for projecting military, political, and economic power. His doctrine can be summarized in the following points: (1) the United States should aspire to be a world power; (2) control of the seas is necessary to achieve that status; (3) such control is obtained through a powerful fleet of warships [17]. In other words, for Mahan, whoever dominates the maritime routes and possesses naval superiority will be in a position to influence global destinies, ensuring trade, supplies, and the rapid movement of military forces.

In the proposed scenario, in which the USA withdraws militarily from Europe and possibly from the Eurasian stage, Mahan’s ideas raise questions about the distribution of maritime power and its effects. Traditionally, the US Navy operates globally, ensuring freedom of navigation and deterring challenges in major seas (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, etc.). A withdrawal of the USA from NATO could also signal a reduction in its naval presence in the Northeast Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and other areas close to Eurasia. In such a case, who would fill this naval vacuum? Russia, although primarily a land power, has been attempting to modernize its navy and has specific interests—for example, consolidating its dominance in the Black Sea and maintaining a presence in the Mediterranean (with a naval base in Tartus, Syria). The United Kingdom, a historic European maritime power, would remain aligned with the USA but, without American military support in Europe, might potentially be overwhelmed trying to contain an increasingly assertive Russian navy in European waters on its own. Japan, another significant maritime actor allied with the USA, is concerned with the naval balance in the Pacific; without full American engagement, Tokyo might be compelled to expand its own naval power to contain both Russia in the Far East (which maintains a fleet in the Pacific) and, especially, the growing Chinese navy.

According to Mahan’s thinking, strategic maritime routes and choke points (crucial straits and channels) become contested prizes in this power game. With the USA focusing on the Americas, one could imagine Washington reinforcing control over the Panama Canal and Caribbean routes—reviving an “American Gulf” policy in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific. In fact, indications of this orientation emerge in statements attributed to Trump, who once suggested reclaiming direct control over Panama, transforming Canada into a North American state, and even “annexing” Greenland due to its Arctic geopolitical importance [18]. These aspirations reflect a quest to secure advantageous maritime positions near the American continent.

Conversely, in the absence of American presence in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, Russia would have free rein for regional maritime projection. This could include anything from the unrestricted use of the Black Sea (after dominating Ukraine, thereby ensuring full access to Crimea and Ukrainian ports) to greater influence in the Eastern Mediterranean via Syria and partnerships with countries such as Iran or Egypt. The Baltic Sea would also become an area of expanded Russian interest, pressuring coastal countries and perhaps reducing NATO’s traditional local naval supremacy. However, it is worth noting that even with these regional expansions, Russia lacks a blue-water navy comparable to that of the USA; thus, its initial global maritime impact would be limited without alliances.

An important aspect of Mahan’s theories is that naval power serves as a counterbalance to the land power of the Heartland. Therefore, even if Russia were to dominate the Eurasian continental mass, the continued presence of American naval might on the oceans could prevent complete global domination by Moscow. However, if the USA voluntarily restricts its naval reach to the Americas, it would forgo influencing the power balance in the seas adjacent to Eurasia. Consequently, the balance of maritime power would tend to shift in favor of regional Eurasian actors. The United Kingdom and Japan, traditional allies of the USA, could intensify their naval capabilities to defend regional interests—the United Kingdom safeguarding the North Atlantic and the North Sea, and Japan patrolling the Northwest Pacific—but both would face budgetary and structural limitations in fully compensating for the absence of the American superpower. Consequently, Mahan’s vision suggests that the withdrawal of the USA from the extra-regional scene would weaken the liberal maritime regime, possibly opening space for revisionist powers to contest routes that were previously secured (for example, Russia and China encountering less opposition on the routes of the Arctic and the Indo-Pacific, respectively). In summary, naval hegemony would fragment, and control of strategic seas would become contested, reconfiguring the relative influence of the USA, Russia, and maritime allies such as the United Kingdom and Japan.

Kjellén and the State as a Living Organism: Russian Expansion as an Organic Necessity

Another useful theoretical lens to interpret Russian geopolitical posture is that of Rudolf Kjellén, a Swedish political scientist of the early twentieth century who conceived the State as a living organism. Kjellén, who even coined the term “geopolitics,” was influenced by Friedrich Ratzel’s ideas and by social Darwinism, arguing that States are born, grow, and decline analogously to living beings [13]. In his work Staten som livsform (The State as a Form of Life, 1916), he maintained that States possess an organic dimension in addition to the legal one and that “just as any form of life, States must expand or die” [14]. This expansion would not be motivated merely by aggressive conquest but seen as a necessary growth for the self-preservation of the state organism [14]. In complement, Kjellén echoed Ratzel’s “law of expanding spaces” by asserting that large States expand at the expense of smaller ones, with it being only a matter of time before the great realms fill the available spaces [14]. That is, from the organic perspective, vigorous States tend to incorporate smaller neighboring territories, consolidating territorially much like an organism absorbing nutrients.

Applying this theory to the strategy of contemporary Russia, we can interpret Moscow’s actions—including the invasion of Ukraine and the ambition to restore its sphere of influence in Eurasia—as the expression of an organic drive for expansion. For a strategist influenced by this school, Russia (viewed as a state organism with a long imperial history) needs to expand its territory and influence to ensure its survival and security. The loss of control over spaces that once were part of the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union (such as Ukraine itself, the Caucasus, or Central Asia) may be perceived by Russian elites as an atrophy of the state organism, rendering it vulnerable. Thus, the reincorporation of these territories—whether directly (annexation) or indirectly (political vassalage)—would equate to restoring lost members or strengthening vital organs of the state body. In fact, official Russian arguments often portray Ukraine as an intrinsic part of “Russian historicity,” denying it a fully separate identity—a narrative that aligns with the idea that Russian expansion in that region is natural and necessary for the Russian State (seen as encompassing also Russian speakers beyond its current borders).

Kjellén would thus provide a theoretical justification for Russian territorial expansion as an organic phenomenon. As a great power, Russia would inevitably seek to expand at the expense of smaller neighbors (Ukraine, Georgia, the Baltic States, etc.), as dictated by the tendency of “great spaces to organize” to the detriment of the small [14]. This view can be identified in contemporary Russian doctrines that value spheres of influence and the notion that neighboring countries must gravitate around Moscow in order for the natural order to be maintained. The very idea of “Eurasia” united under Russian leadership (advocated by modern Russian thinkers) echoes this organic conception of vital space and expansion as a sign of the State’s vitality.

However, Kjellén’s theory also warns of the phenomenon of “imperial overstretch,” should a State exceed its internal cohesion limits by expanding excessively [14]. He recognized that extending borders too far could increase friction and vulnerabilities, making it difficult to maintain cohesion—a very large organism may lack functional integration. In the Russian context, this suggests that although expansion is seen as necessary, there are risks if Russia tries to encompass more than it can govern effectively. Conquering Ukraine and subjugating Eastern Europe, for example, could economically and militarily overburden the Russian State, especially if it faced resistance or had to manage hostile populations. However, in the hypothetical scenario we adopt (isolated USA and a weakened Europe), Russia might calculate that the organic benefits of expansion (territory, resources, strategic depth) would outweigh the costs, since external interference would be limited. Thus, through Kjellén’s lens, expansionist Russia behaves as an organism following its instinct for survival and growth, absorbing weaker neighbors; yet such a process is not devoid of challenges, requiring that the “organism Russia” manages to assimilate these new spaces without collapsing under its own weight.

Ratzel and Lebensraum: Resources, Territory, and the Justification for Expansion

Parallel to Kjellén’s organic view, Friedrich Ratzel’s theory offers another conceptual basis for understanding Russian expansion: the concept of Lebensraum (vital space). Ratzel, a German geographer of the late nineteenth century, proposed that the survival and development of a people or nation depended critically on the available physical space and resources. Influenced by Darwinist ideas, he applied the notion of “survival of the fittest” to nations, arguing that human societies need to conquer territory and resources to prosper, and that the stronger and fittest civilizations will naturally prevail over the weaker ones [12]. In 1901, Ratzel coined the term Lebensraum to describe this need for “vital space” as a geographical factor in national power [15].

Subsequently, this idea would be adopted—and extremely distorted—by Nazi ideology to justify Germany’s aggressions in Europe. However, the core of Ratzel’s concept is that territorial expansion is essential for the survival and growth of a State, especially to secure food, raw materials, and space for its population [12].

When examining Russia’s stance under this perspective, we can see several narratives that evoke the logic of Lebensraum. Russia is the largest country in the world by area; however, much of its territory is characterized by adverse climates (tundra, taiga) and is relatively sparsely populated in Siberia. On the other hand, adjacent regions such as Ukraine possess highly arable lands (chernozem—black soil), significant Slavic population density, and additional natural resources (coal in the Donbass, for example). An implicit justification for Russian expansion could be the search for supplementary resources and fertile lands to secure its self-sufficiency and power—exactly as Ratzel described that vigorous nations do. Historical records show that Ratzel emphasized agrarian primacy: he believed that new territories should be colonized by farmers, providing the food base for the nation [12]. Ukraine, historically called the “breadbasket of Europe,” fits perfectly into this vision of conquest for sustenance and agricultural wealth.

Furthermore, Ratzel viewed geography as a determinant of the destiny of nations—peoples adapted to certain habitats seek to expand them if they aspire to grow. In contemporary Russian discourse, there is often mention of the need to ensure security and territorial depth in the face of NATO, or to unite brotherly peoples (Russians and Russian speakers) within a single political space. Such arguments can be read as a modern translation of Lebensraum: the idea that the Russian nation, in order to be secure and flourish, must control a larger space, encompassing buffer zones and critical resources. This Russian “vital space” would naturally include Ukraine and other former Soviet republics, given the historical and infrastructural interdependence. Ratzel emphasized that peoples migrated and expanded when their original homeland no longer met their needs or aspirations [12]. Although contemporary Russia does not suffer from demographic pressure (on the contrary, it faces population decline), under the logic of a great power there is indeed a sentiment of geopolitical insufficiency for having lost influence over areas considered strategic. Thus, reconquering these areas would mean recovering the “habitat” necessary for the Russian nation to prosper and feel secure.

It is important to mention that, in Ratzel’s and Kjellén’s formulations, the pursuit of Lebensraum or organic expansion is not morally qualified—it is treated as a natural process in the politics of power. Thus, on the discursive level, Russia can avoid overly aggressive rhetoric and resort to “natural” justifications: for example, claiming that it needs to occupy Ukraine for defensive purposes (security space) or to reunify peoples (a common cultural and historical space). Beneath these justifications, however, resonates the geopolitical imperative to acquire more territory and resources as a guarantee of national survival, something consonant with Ratzel’s theory. In fact, Russian Realpolitik frequently prioritizes the control of energy resources (gas, oil) and transportation routes. Expanding its influence over central Eurasia would also mean controlling oil pipelines, gas lines, and logistical corridors—essential elements of modern Lebensraum understood as access to vital resources and infrastructure.

In summary, by conquering Ukraine and extending its reach into Eurasia, Russia could effectively invoke the concept of Lebensraum: presenting its expansion not as mere imperialism, but as a necessity to secure indispensable lands and resources for its people and to correct the “injustice” of a vital space diminished by post-Cold War territorial losses. The theories of Ratzel and Kjellén together paint a picture in which Russian expansion emerges almost as a natural law—the great State reclaiming space to ensure its survival and development at the expense of smaller neighbors.

Trump, NATO, and the Threat of American Withdrawal

One of the most alarming changes with Trump's return to power is the tense relationship with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Trump has long criticized allies for not meeting military spending targets, even threatening during his first term to withdraw the US from the alliance if members did not increase their contributions [2]. This threat, initially viewed with skepticism, became concrete after his re-election, leading European allies to seriously consider the possibility of having to defend themselves without American support [1]. In fact, Trump suggested in post-election interviews that the US would only remain in NATO if the allies “paid their bills” – otherwise, he “would seriously consider” leaving [2]. Such statements reinforced the warning that the US might not honor NATO's mutual defense commitment, precisely at a time of continuous Russian threat due to the war in Ukraine [1].

From a theoretical point of view, this posture of American retrenchment evokes the classic tension between maritime power and land power. Alfred Thayer Mahan emphasized that the global power of the US derived largely from its naval superiority and from alliances that ensured control over strategic maritime routes [9]. NATO, since 1949, has served not only to deter Soviet terrestrial advances in Eurasia, but also to secure the US naval presence in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean – a fundamental element according to Mahan. In turn, Halford Mackinder warned that the balance of global power depended on the control of the Eurasian “Heartland” (the central region of Eurasia). The withdrawal or disengagement of the US (a maritime power) from this region could open the way for a continental power (such as Russia) to expand its influence in Eastern Europe, unbalancing the power balance [3]. In other words, by threatening to leave NATO, Trump jeopardizes the principle of containment that prevented Russian dominance over Eastern Europe – something that Mackinder would see as a dangerous shift in global power in favor of the Heartland power.

Adopting an impartial tone, it is observed that European countries have reacted to this new reality with precautionary measures. Strategic reports already calculate the cost of an autonomous European defense: hundreds of thousands of additional soldiers and investments of hundreds of billions of euros would be required if the US ceased to guarantee the security of the continent [1]. European dependence on American military power is significant and, without it, there would be a need for a major reinforcement of European Armed Forces [1]. This mobilization practically reflects the anticipation of a power vacuum left by the US – a scenario in which Mackinder’s theory (on the primacy of the Heartland and the vulnerability of the “external crescent” where Western Europe is located) regains its relevance.

The US–Ukraine Economic Agreement: Strategic Minerals in Exchange for Support?

Another novelty of Trump's second term is the unprecedented and transactional manner in which Washington has been dealing with the war in Ukraine. Instead of emphasizing security guarantees and alliances, the Trump administration proposed a trade agreement with Ukraine focused on the exploitation of strategic minerals, linking American support to a direct economic benefit. According to sources close to the negotiations, the US and Ukraine are about to sign a pact to share the revenues from the exploitation of critical mineral resources on Ukrainian territory [19]. Materials such as titanium, lithium, rare earths, and uranium – vital for high-tech and defense industries – would be at the core of this agreement [6]. According to the known draft, Ukraine would allocate 50% of the profits from new mineral ventures to a fund controlled by the US, which would reinvest part of the resources in the country’s own reconstruction [6] [19].

It is noteworthy that the pact does not include explicit security guarantees for Kyiv, despite Ukraine remaining under direct military threat from Russia [19]. Essentially, the Trump administration offers financial support and economic investment in exchange for a share in Ukrainian natural resources, but without formally committing to Ukraine's defense in the event of a renewed Russian offensive [19]. American authorities argue that this economic partnership would already be sufficient to “secure Ukrainian interests,” as it would provide the US with its own incentives to desire Ukraine’s stability [19]. “What could be better for Ukraine than being in an economic partnership with the United States?” stated Mike Waltz, a US national security advisor, defending the proposal [19].

Analysts, however, assess the agreement in divided terms. For some, it represents a form of economic exploitation at a time of Ukraine's fragility – comparing the demand to share mineral wealth amid war to a scheme of “mafia protection” [19]. Steven Cook, from the Council on Foreign Relations, classified the offer as “extortion,” and political scientist Virginia P. Fortna observed that charging resources from an invaded country resembles predatory practices [19]. Joseph Nye adds that it is a short-term gain strategy that could be “disastrous in the long run” for American credibility, reflecting the transactional approach that Trump even adopted with close allies in other contexts [19]. On the other hand, some see a future advantage for Kyiv: journalist Pierre Briançon suggests that at least this agreement aligns American commercial interests with Ukraine’s future, which could, in theory, keep the US involved in Ukrainian prosperity in the long term [19]. It is even recalled that President Zelensky himself proposed last year the idea of sharing natural resources with the US to bring the interests of the two countries closer together [19].

From the perspective of geopolitical theories, this agreement illustrates a shift towards economic pragmatism in international relations, approaching concepts proposed by Kjellén. Rudolf Kjellén, who coined the term “geopolitics,” saw the State as a territorial organism that seeks to ensure its survival through self-sufficiency and the control of strategic resources [4]. Trump's demand for a share in Ukrainian resources in order to continue supporting the country reflects a logic of autarky and direct national interest – that is, foreign policy serving primarily to reinforce the economic and material position of the US. This view contrasts with the traditional cooperative approach, but aligns with Kjellén’s idea that powerful States tend to transform international relations into opportunities for their own gain, ensuring access to vital raw materials. Similarly, Friedrich Ratzel argued that States have a “propensity to expand their borders according to their capacities,” seeking vital space (Lebensraum) and resources to sustain their development [11]. The US–Ukraine pact, by conditioning military/economic aid on obtaining tangible advantages (half of the mineral profits), is reminiscent of Ratzel’s perspective: the US, as a rising economic power, expands its economic influence over Ukrainian territory like an organism extending itself to obtain the necessary resources for its well-being. It is, therefore, a form of economic expansionism at the expense of purely ideological commitments or collective security.

Peace Negotiations Excluding Ukraine and the Legitimacy of the Agreement

Another controversial point is the manner in which peace negotiations between Russia and the West have been conducted under Trump's administration. Since taking office, the American president has engaged directly with Moscow in pursuit of a ceasefire, deliberately keeping the Ukrainian government out of the initial discussions [6]. Trump expressed his desire to “leave Zelensky out of the conversation” and also excluded the European Union from any influence in the process [6]. This negotiation strategy—conducted without the presence of the primary interested party, Ukraine—raises serious questions about the legitimacy and sustainability of any resulting agreement.

Historically, peace agreements reached without the direct participation of one of the conflicting parties tend to face problems in implementation and acceptance.

The exclusion of Ukraine in the decision-making phase brings to light the issue of guarantees. As noted, the emerging agreement lacks formal US security guarantees for Ukraine. This implies that, after the agreement is signed, nothing will prevent Russia from launching a new offensive if it deems it convenient, knowing that the US has not committed to defending it militarily. Experts have already warned that a ceasefire without robust protection may only be a pause for Russian rearmament, rendering the conflict “frozen” temporarily and potentially resumed in the near future. The European strategic community has expressed similar concern: without American deterrence, the risk of further Russian aggressions in the region increases considerably [1]. Denmark, for example, has released intelligence reports warning of possible imminent Russian attacks, prompting neighboring countries to accelerate plans for independent defense [1].

The legitimacy of this asymmetric peace agreement (negotiated without Ukraine fully at the table and under economic coercion) is also questionable from a legal and moral point of view. It violates the principle of self-determination by imposing terms decided by great powers on a sovereign country—a practice reminiscent of dark chapters in diplomacy, such as the Munich Agreement of 1938, when powers determined the fate of Czechoslovakia without its consent. In the current case, Ukraine would end up signing the agreement, but from a position of weakness, raising doubts about how durable such a commitment would be.

From Mackinder’s perspective, Ukraine’s removal from the battlefield without guarantees essentially means admitting a greater influence of Russia (the Heartland power) over Eastern Europe. This would alter the balance in Eurasia in a potentially lasting way. Furthermore, the fact that great powers negotiate over the heads of a smaller country evokes the imperial logic of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when empires decided among themselves the divisions of foreign territories—a behavior that Mackinder saw as likely in a world of a “closed system.” With the entire world already occupied by States, Mackinder predicted that powers would begin to compete for influence within this consolidated board, often subjugating smaller states to gain advantage [3]. The US–Russia negotiation regarding Ukraine, without proper Ukrainian representation, exemplifies this type of neo-imperial dynamic in the twenty-first century.

Also noteworthy is the consonance with the ideas of Ratzel and Kjellén: both viewed smaller states as easily relegated to the status of satellites or even “parasitic organisms” in the orbit of larger states. Kjellén spoke of the intrinsic vulnerability of states with little territorial depth or economic dependence, making them susceptible to external pressures [4][20]. Ukraine, weakened by war and dependent on external aid, becomes a concrete example of this theorized vulnerability: it has had to cede strategic resources and accept terms dictated against its will in an attempt to secure its immediate survival. The resulting agreement, therefore, reflects a power imbalance characteristic of the hierarchical international relations described by classical geopolitical theorists.

Implicit Territorial Concessions and Trump’s Public Discourse

A central and controversial point in Trump’s statements regarding the war in Ukraine is the insinuation of territorial concessions to Russia as part of the conflict’s resolution. Publicly, Trump avoided explicitly condemning Russian aggression and even stated that he considered it “unlikely” that Ukraine would be able to retake all the areas occupied by the Russians [16]. In debates and interviews, he suggested that “if I were president, the war would end in 24 hours,” implying that he would force an understanding between Kyiv and Moscow that would likely involve ceding some territory in exchange for peace. This position marks a break with the previous US policy of not recognizing any territorial acquisitions made by force and fuels speculations that a future peace agreement sponsored by Trump would legitimize at least part of Russia’s gains since 2014 (Crimea, Donbass, and areas seized during the 2022 invasion).

The actions of his administration corroborate this interpretation. As discussed, the economic agreement focuses on the exploitation of Ukrainian natural resources, many of which are located precisely in regions currently under Russian military control, such as parts of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Donetsk, Lugansk, and the Azov Sea area [6]. A Ukrainian geologist, Hanna Liventseva, highlighted that “most of these elements (strategic minerals) are found in the south of the Ukrainian Shield, mainly in the Azov region, and most of these territories are currently invaded by Russia” [6]. This means that, to make joint exploitation viable, Russia’s de facto control over these areas would have to be recognized—or at least tolerated—in the short term. In other words, the pact indirectly and tacitly accepts Russian territorial gains, as it involves sharing the profits from resources that are not currently accessible to the Kyiv government.

Furthermore, figures close to Trump have made explicit statements regarding the possibility of territorial cession. Mike Waltz, Trump’s national security advisor, publicly stated that Zelensky might need to “cede land to Russia” to end the war [8]. This remark—made public in March 2025—confirms that the Trump White House considers it natural for Ukraine to relinquish parts of its territory in favor of an agreement. Such a stance marks a break from the previous Western consensus, which condemned any territorial gains by force. Under Trump, a pragmatic view (in the eyes of his supporters) or a cynical one (according to his critics) seems to prevail: sacrificing principles of territorial integrity to quickly end hostilities and secure immediate economic benefits.

In theoretical terms, this inclination to validate territorial gains by force recalls the concept of Realpolitik and the geopolitical Darwinism that influenced thinkers such as Ratzel. In Ratzel’s organic conception, expanding states naturally absorb neighboring territories when they are strong enough to do so, while declining states lose territory—a process almost biological in the selection of the fittest [11]. The Trump administration’s acceptance that Ukraine should “give something” to Moscow to seal peace reflects a normalization of this geopolitical selection process: it recognizes the aggressor (Russia) as having the “right” to retain conquered lands, because that is how power realities on the ground dictate. Mackinder, although firmly opposed to allowing Russia to dominate the Heartland, would see this outcome as the logical consequence of the lack of engagement from maritime powers (the USA and the United Kingdom, for example) in sustaining the Ukrainian counterattack. Without the active involvement of maritime power to balance the dispute, land power prevails in Eastern Europe.

From the perspective of international legitimacy, the cession of Ukrainian territories—whether de jure or de facto—creates a dangerous precedent in the post-Cold War era. Rewarding violent aggression with territorial gains may encourage similar strategies in other parts of the world, undermining the architecture of collective security. This is possibly a return to a world of spheres of influence, where great powers define borders and zones of control according to their convenience—something that the rules-based order after 1945 sought to avoid. Here, academic impartiality requires noting that coercion for territorial concessions rarely produces lasting peace, as the aggrieved party—in this case, Ukraine—may accept temporarily but will continue to assert its rights in the long term, as has occurred with other territorial injustices in history.

Territorial Ambitions of Trump: Greenland and Canada

Beyond the Eurasian theater of war, Trump revived geopolitical ambitions involving territories traditionally allied with the US: Greenland (an autonomous territory of Denmark) and Canada. As early as 2019, during his first term, Trump shocked the world by proposing to buy Greenland—rich in minerals and strategically positioned in the Arctic. Upon his return to power, he went further: expressing a “renewed interest” in acquiring Greenland and publicly suggesting the incorporation of Canada as the 51st American state [2].

In January 2025, during a press conference at Mar-a-Lago, he even displayed maps in which the US and Canada appeared merged into a single country, while Greenland was marked as a future American possession [2]. Posts by the president on social media included satirical images with a map of North America where Canada was labeled “51st” and Greenland designated as “Our Land” [2].

Such moves were met with concern and disbelief by allies. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was caught on an open microphone warning that Trump’s fixation on annexation “is real” and not just a joke [7]. Trudeau emphasized that Washington appeared to covet Canada’s vast mineral resources, which would explain the insistence on the idea of absorption [7]. In public, Trump argued that Canadians “would be more prosperous as American citizens,” promising tax cuts and better services should they become part of the US [7]. On the Danish side, the reaction to the revived plan regarding Greenland was firmly negative—as it was in 2019—reaffirming that the territory is not for sale. Trump, however, insinuated that the issue might be one of national security, indicating that American possession of Greenland would prevent adverse influences (a reference to China and Russia in the Arctic) [2]. More worryingly, he refused to rule out the use of military means to obtain the island, although he assured that he had no intention of invading Canada by force (in the Canadian case, he spoke of “economic force” to forge a union) [2].

This series of initiatives reflects an unprecedented expansionist impetus by the US in recent times, at least in discourse. Analyzing this through the lens of classical geopolitics offers interesting insights. Friedrich Ratzel and his notion of Lebensraum suggest that powerful states, upon reaching a certain predominance, seek to expand their territory by influencing or incorporating adjacent areas. Trump, by targeting the immediate neighbor (Canada) and a nearby strategic territory (Greenland), appears to resurrect this logic of territorial expansion for the sake of gaining space and resources. Ratzel saw such expansion almost as a natural process for vigorous states, comparable to the growth of an organism [11]. From this perspective, the US would be exercising its “right” of expansion in North America and the polar region, integrating areas of vital interest.

Additionally, Alfred Mahan’s view on maritime power helps to understand the strategic value of Greenland. Mahan postulated that control of key maritime chokepoints and naval bases ensures global advantage [9]. Greenland, situated between the North Atlantic and the Arctic, has become increasingly relevant as climate change opens new polar maritime routes and reveals vast mineral deposits (including rare earth elements and oil). For the US, having a presence or sovereignty over Greenland would mean dominating the gateway to the Arctic and denying this space to rivals. This aligns with Mahan’s strategy of securing commercial and military routes (in this case, potential Arctic routes) and resources to consolidate naval supremacy. On the other hand, the incorporation of Canada—with its enormous territory, Arctic coastline, and abundant natural resources—would provide the US with formidable geoeconomic and geopolitical reinforcement, practically eliminating vulnerabilities along its northern border. This is an ambitious project that also echoes ideas of Kjellén, for whom an ideal State should seek territorial completeness and economic self-sufficiency within its region. Incorporating Canada would be the pinnacle of American regional autarky, turning North America into a unified bloc under Washington (a scenario reminiscent of the “pan-regions” conceived by twentieth-century geopoliticians influenced by Kjellén).

It is important to note, however, that these ambitions face enormous legal and political obstacles. The sovereignty of Canada and Greenland (Denmark) is guaranteed by international law, and both peoples categorically reject the idea of annexation. Any hostile action by the US against these countries would shake alliances and the world order itself. Even so, the very fact that an American president suggests such possibilities already produces geopolitical effects: traditional partners begin to distrust Washington’s intentions, seek alternative alliances, and strengthen nationalist discourses of resistance. In summary, Trump’s expansionist intentions in Greenland and Canada rekindle old territorial issues and paradoxically place the US in the position of a revisionist power—a role once associated with empires in search of colonies.

Implications for Brazil and South America: A New Neocolonization?

In light of this geopolitical reconfiguration driven by Trump's USA—with a reordering of alliances and a possible partition of spheres of influence among great powers—the question arises: what is the impact on Brazil and the other countries of South America? Traditionally, Latin America has been under the aegis of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), which established non-interference by Europe in the region and, implicitly, the primacy of the USA in the Western Hemisphere. In the post–Cold War period, this influence translated more into political and economic leadership, without formal annexations or direct territorial domination. However, the current context points to a kind of “neocolonization” of the Global South, in which larger powers seek to control resources and peripheral governments in an indirect yet effective manner.

Mackinder’s theories can be used to illuminate this dynamic. As mentioned, Mackinder envisioned the twentieth-century world as a closed system, in which there were no longer any unknown lands to be colonized—hence, the powers would fight among themselves for control over already occupied regions [3]. He predicted that Africa and Latin America (then largely European colonies or semi-colonies) would continue as boards upon which the great powers would project their disputes, a form of neocolonialism. In the current scenario, we see the USA proposing exchanges of protection for resources (as in Ukraine) and even leaders of developing countries seeking similar agreements. A notable example: the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Felix Tshisekedi, praised the USA–Ukraine initiative and suggested an analogous agreement involving Congolese mineral wealth in exchange for US support against internal rebels (M23) [19]. In other words, African countries and possibly South American ones may enter into this logic of offering privileged access to resources (cobalt, lithium, food, biodiversity) in order to obtain security guarantees or investments. This represents a regression to the times when external powers dictated the directions of the South in exchange for promises of protection, characterizing a strategic neocolonialism.

For Brazil, in particular, this rearrangement generates both opportunities and risks. As a regional power with considerable diplomatic autonomy, Brazil has historically sought to balance relationships with the USA, Europe, China, and other actors, avoiding automatic alignments. However, in a world where Trump’s USA is actively redefining spheres of influence—possibly making deals with Russia that divide priorities (for example, Washington focusing on the Western Hemisphere and Moscow on the Eastern)—South America could once again be seen as an exclusive American sphere of influence. From this perspective, Washington could pressure South American countries to align with its directives, limiting partnerships with rivals (such as China) and seeking privileged access to strategic resources (such as the Amazon, fresh water, minerals, and agricultural commodities). Some indications are already emerging: Trump’s transactional approach mentioned by Nye included pressures on Canada and Mexico regarding border and trade issues, under the threat of commercial sanctions. It would not be unthinkable to adopt a hard line, for example, with regard to Brazilian environmental policies (linked to the Amazon) or Brazil’s relations with China, using tariffs or incentives as leverage—a sort of geopolitics of economic coercion.

On the other hand, Brazil and its neighbors could also attempt to take advantage of the Sino–North American competition. If the USA is distracted consolidating its hemispheric “hard power” hegemony (even with annexation fantasies in the north), powers such as China may advance their economic presence in South America through investments and trade (Belt and Road, infrastructure financing)—which is already happening. This would constitute an indirect neocolonial dispute in the South: Chinese loans and investments versus American demands and agreements, partly reminiscent of the nineteenth-century imperial competition (when the United Kingdom, USA, and others competed for Latin American markets and resources).

From a conceptual standpoint, Mackinder might classify South America as part of the “Outer Crescent” (external insular crescent)—peripheral to the great Eurasian “World-Island,” yet still crucial as a source of resources and a strategic position in the South Atlantic and Pacific. If the USA consolidates an informal empire in the Americas, it would be reinforcing its “insular bastion” far from the Eurasian Heartland, a strategy that Mackinder once suggested for maritime powers: to control islands and peripheral continents to compensate for the disadvantage of not controlling the Heartland. However, an excessive US dominance in the South could lead to local resistance and alternative alignments, unbalancing the region.

Kjellén would add that for Brazil to maintain its decisive sovereignty, it will need to strengthen its autarky and internal cohesion—in other words, reduce vulnerabilities (economic, military, social) that external powers might exploit [4]. Meanwhile, Mahan might point out the importance for Brazil of controlling its maritime routes and coastlines (South Atlantic) to avoid being at the mercy of a naval power like the USA. And Ratzel would remind us that states that do not expand their influence tend to be absorbed by foreign influences—which, in the context of Brazil, does not mean conquering neighboring territories, but rather actively leading South American integration to create a block more resilient to external intrusion.

In summary, South America finds itself in a more competitive and segmented world, where major players are resurrecting practices from past eras. The notion of “neocolonization” here does not imply direct occupation, but rather mechanisms of dependency: whether through unequal economic agreements or through diplomatic or military pressure for alignment. Brazil, as the largest economy and territory on the subcontinent, will have to navigate with heightened caution. A new global power balance, marked by the division of spheres of influence among the USA, China, and Russia, may reduce the sovereign maneuvering space of South American countries unless they act jointly. Thus, theoretical reflection suggests the need for South–South strategies, reinforcement of regional organizations, and diversification of partnerships to avoid falling into modern “neocolonial traps.”

Conclusion

The emerging post–re-election geopolitical conjuncture of Donald Trump signals a return to classical geopolitical principles, after several decades of predominance of institutional liberal views. We witness the revaluation of concepts such as spheres of influence, exchanges of protection for resources, naval power versus land power, and disputes over territory and raw materials—all central themes in the writings of Mackinder, Mahan, Kjellén, and Ratzel at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. An impartial analysis of these events, in light of these theories, shows internal coherence in Trump’s actions: although controversial, they follow a logic of maximizing national interest and the relative power of the USA on the world stage, even at the expense of established principles and alliances.

Halford Mackinder reminds us that, in a closed world with no new lands to conquer, the great powers will seek to redistribute the world among themselves [3]. This seems to manifest in the direct understandings between the USA and Russia over the fate of Ukraine, and in American ambitions in the Arctic and the Western Hemisphere. Alfred Mahan emphasizes that the control of the seas and strategic positions ensures supremacy—we see reflections of this in Trump’s obsession with Greenland (Arctic) and the possible neglect of the importance of maintaining NATO (and therefore the North Atlantic) as a cohesive bloc, something that Mahan’s theory would criticize due to the risk of a naval vacuum. Rudolf Kjellén and Friedrich Ratzel provide the framework to understand the more aggressive facet of expansionist nationalism: the idea of the State as an organism that needs to grow, secure resources, and seek self-sufficiency explains everything from the extortionate agreement imposed on Ukraine to the annexation rhetoric regarding Canada.

The potential consequences are profound. In the short term, we may witness a precarious ceasefire in the Ukraine war, with consolidated Russian territorial gains and Ukraine economically tied to the USA, but without formal military protection—a fragile “armed peace.” Western Europe, alarmed, may accelerate its independent militarization, perhaps marking the beginning of European defense autonomy, as is already openly debated [1]. At the far end of the globe, American activism in the Arctic and the Americas may reshape alliances: countries like Canada, once aligned with Washington, might seek to guarantee their sovereignty by distancing themselves from it; powers like China could take advantage of the openings to increase their presence in Latin America and Africa through economic diplomacy; and emerging countries of the Global South may have to choose between submitting to new “guardianships” or strengthening South–South cooperation.

Ultimately, the current situation reinforces the relevance of studying geopolitics through historical lenses. The actions of the Trump administration indicate that, despite all technological and normative advances, the competition for geographic power has not disappeared—it has merely assumed new formats. Academic impartiality obliges us not to prematurely judge whether these strategies will be successful or beneficial, but history and theory warn that neo-imperial movements tend to generate counter-reactions. As Mackinder insinuated, “every shock or change anywhere reverberates around the world,” and a sudden move by a superpower tends to provoke unforeseen adjustments and chain conflicts. It remains to be seen how the other actors—including Brazil and its neighbors—will adapt to this new chapter in the great struggle for global power, in which centuries-old theories once again have a surprising explanatory power over present events.

Bibliography

[1] A Referência. (2025). Europa calcula o custo de se defender sem os EUA: 300 mil soldados e 250 bilhões de euros a mais. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://areferencia.com/europa/europa-calcula-o-custo-de-se-defender-sem-os-eua-300-mil-soldados-e-250-bilhoes-de-euros-a-mais/#:\~:text=Europa%20calcula%20o%20custo%20de,bilh%C3%B5es%20de%20euros%20a%20mais

[2] Brexit Institute. (2025). What happens if Trump invades Greenland? Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://dcubrexitinstitute.eu/2025/01/what-happens-if-trump-invades-greenland/#:\~:text=Ever%20since%20Donald%20Trump%20announced,agreed%20in%20Wales%20in%202014

[3] Cfettweis C:CST22(2)8576.DVI. (2025). Mackinder and Angell. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://cfettweis.com/wp-content/uploads/Mackinder-and-Angell.pdf#:\~:text=meant%20the%20beginning%20of%20an,Mackinder

[4] Diva-Portal. (2025). The geopolitics of territorial relativity. Poland seen by Rudolf Kjellén. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1696547/FULLTEXT02#:\~:text=,The%20state%20territory

[5] Geopolitical Monitor. (2025). The Russo-Ukrainian War and Mackinder’s Heartland Thesis. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://www.geopoliticalmonitor.com/the-ukraine-war-and-mackinders-heartland-thesis/#:\~:text=In%201904%2C%20Sir%20Halford%20J,in%20adding%20a%20substantial%20oceanic

[6] Instituto Humanitas Unisinos. (2025). Trump obriga Zelensky a hipotecar a exploração de minerais críticos em troca do seu apoio. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://www.ihu.unisinos.br/648986-trump-obriga-zelensky-a-hipotecar-a-exploracao-de-minerais-criticos-em-troca-do-seu-apoio#:\~:text=Essa%20troca%20inclui%20os%20cobi%C3%A7ados,s%C3%A3o%20praticamente%20inexploradas%20no%20pa%C3%ADs

[7] Politico. (2025). Trump’s annexation fixation is no joke, Trudeau warns. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://www.politico.com/news/2025/02/07/canada-trudeau-trump-51-state-00203156#:\~:text=TORONTO%20%E2%80%94%20Prime%20Minister%20Justin,Canada%20becoming%20the%2051st%20state%2C%E2%80%9D%20Trudeau%20said

[8] The Daily Beast. (2025). Top Trump Adviser Moves Goalpost for Ukraine to End War. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://www.thedailybeast.com/top-trump-adviser-moves-goalpost-for-ukraine-to-end-war/#:\~:text=LAND%20GRAB

[9] The Geostrata. (2025). Alfred Thayer Mahan and Supremacy of Naval Power. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://www.thegeostrata.com/post/alfred-thayer-mahan-and-supremacy-of-naval-power#:\~:text=Alfred%20Thayer%20Mahan%20and%20Supremacy,control%20over%20maritime%20trade%20routes

[10] U.S. Department of State. (2025). Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power upon History: Securing International Markets in the 1890s. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/mahan#:\~:text=Mahan%20argued%20that%20British%20control,American%20politicians%20believed%20that%20these

[11] Britannica. (2025a). Friedrich Ratzel | Biogeography, Anthropogeography, Political Geography. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://www.britannica.com/biography/Friedrich-Ratzel#:\~:text=webster,Swedish%20political%20scientist%20%2076

[12] Britannica. (2025b). Lebensraum. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lebensraum#:\~:text=defined,The

[13] Britannica. (2025c). Rudolf Kjellén. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-Kjellen

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[15] Wikipedia. (2025). Lebensraum. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebensraum#:\~:text=The%20German%20geographer%20and%20ethnographer,into%20the%20Greater%20Germanic%20Reich

[16] YouTube. (2025). Trump says Ukraine 'unlikely to get all land back' or join NATO [Vídeo]. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmHzAVLhsXU#:\~:text=Trump%20says%20Ukraine%20%27unlikely%20to,for%20it%20to%20join%20NATO

[17] U.S. Naval Institute. (2025) Operation World Peace. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1955/june/operation-world-peace#:\\~:text=“The Mahan doctrine%2C” according to,the word “airships” is more

[18] Emissary. (2024) Trump’s Greenland and Panama Canal Threats Are a Throwback to an Old, Misguided Foreign Policy. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://carnegieendowment.org/emissary/2025/01/trump-greenland-panama-canal-monroe-doctrine-policy?lang=en

[19] A Referência. Acordo EUA-Ucrânia está praticamente fechado, mas analistas se dividem sobre quem sairá ganhando. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://areferencia.com/europa/acordo-eua-ucrania-esta-praticamente-fechado-mas-analistas-se-dividem-sobre-quem-saira-ganhando/#:\\~:text=EUA e 17,o acordo a seu favor

[20] Wikipedia. (2025) Geopolitik. Recuperado em 3 de março de 2025, de https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopolitik#:\\~:text=Rudolph Kjellén was Ratzel's Swedish,Kjellén's State

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How to package a macOS Desktop App

Introduction

Creating and distributing macOS desktop applications is a huge pain in the ass and can be very confusing. I'm writing this article as a reference for myself as well as any other developer who wants to package a desktop app for macOS.

Join the Apple Developer Program

• Go to developer.apple.com and sign in with your Apple ID

• Enroll in an individual ($99/year) or organization ($299/year) membership

• Complete the enrollment process and wait for approval

Setup Xcode for some reason

• Download Xcode from from the Mac App Store

• Go to Xcode -> Settings -> Accounts

• Click the "+" button and add your Apple Developer Account

Check if Xcode Command Line Tools are installed

xcode-select -p

If they are not installed for some reason you can install them with

xcode-select --install

Generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)

• Open Keychain Access

• Go to Keychain Access > Certificate Assistant > Request a Certificate From a Certificate Authority

• Enter your email address and a common name (e.g., your name or company name)

• Leave "CA Email Address" blank, select Saved to disk, and click Continue

• Save the .certSigningRequest file somewhere

Request Certificate

• Log in to developer.apple.com/account

• Go to Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles > Certificates

• Click the + button to add a new certificate

• Under "Software," select Developer ID Application, then Continue

• Choose G2 Sub-CA (Xcode 11.4.1 or later)

• Upload the .certSigningRequest file you just created, then Continue

• Download the .cer file (e.g., developerID_application.cer)

Install the Certificate

• Double-click the downloaded .cer file to add it to your Keychain Access under "My Certificates"

• Verify it’s there with a private key, after selecting the cert look at the top tabs, select "My Certificates" expand the certificate to see the key icon

Sign your Application

You can now try signing your application, if you run into issues check out the troubleshooting section at the bottom of this article.

codesign --deep --force --verify --verbose --sign "Developer ID Application: Your Name (TeamID)" --options=runtime --timestamp /path/to/YourApp.app

Package Your App

Most apps distributed via websites are packaged in a .dmg (disk image) for a polished user experience:

• Use Disk Utility or a tool like create-dmg (install via Homebrew: brew install create-dmg)

create-dmg --volname "YourApp" --app-drop-link 600 185 --window-pos 200 120 --window-size 800 400 "YourApp.dmg" /path/to/YourApp.app

This will setup the drag and drop thing for you app into the applications folder, when you run this command that drag and drop ui will pop up, ignore it.

You really should use a tool like this, if you try to do it on your own you'll need to deal with symlinks, applescript and other nonsense. I've done it this way and if there's interest I can write a part two for a more manual approach.

• Sign the .dmg

codesign --deep --force --verify --verbose --sign "Developer ID Application: Your Name (TeamID)" --options=runtime --timestamp YourApp.dmg

Notarize your App

Apple requires notarization to confirm your app isn’t malicious. You’ll need an app-specific password (not your Apple ID password)

Create and App-Specific Password:

• Go to appleid.apple.com, sign in, and under "Sign-In and Security," select App-Specific Passwords

• Generate a new password (name it whatever you like) and save it

Submit for Notarization

• Use the notarytool command

xcrun notarytool submit /path/to/YourApp.dmg --apple-id "your@email.com" --password "app-specific-password" --team-id "YourTeamID" --wait

• Replace placeholders with your Apple ID, the app-specific password, and your Team ID

• The --wait flag shows the result immediately (takes a few minutes). You’ll get a "Success" message or a log ID with issues to fix

Staple the Notarization Ticket:

• After approval, attach the notarization ticket to your .dmg

xcrun stapler staple /path/to/YourApp.dmg

• This ensures Gatekeeper can verify it offline

Upload and Distribute

• Upload the notarized .dmg to your GitHub or your website

• Provide a download link (preferably HTTPS for security)

• Users might see a Gatekeeper prompt on first launch; they can right-click > Open or allow it in System Settings > Security & Privacy

Troubleshooting

I have had countless issues when trying to sign applications

Unable to build chain to self-signed root

One issue that I've run into on both of my macbooks is:

Warning: unable to build chain to self-signed root for signer

Something I usually have to do is open the Developer Certificate, expand the trust section and set "When using this certificate:" to "Use System Defaults" Then I restart my laptop once or twice and eventually it works.

Can't delete cert in GUI

I have also had an issue where I can't delete the certs in the gui, in this case run the command to list the certs:

security find-identity -v -p codesigning

and delete it based on the hash in the beginning:

security delete-certificate -Z ABC123...

Notarization fails

This is usually due to not passing the hardened runtime option so try resigning the app and dmg with --options runtime

You can use the command below to see what's wrong

xcrun notarytool log "notary id" --apple-id "your@email.com" --password "app-specific-password" --team-id "HGGSBC8HJF"

Conclusion

Having an article like this would have saved me a lot of time debugging.

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Posted at notestack.com

@ fd78c37f:a0ec0833

In this edition, we invited njump.me/npub134d6jtyveg74cuuj7qun4v2m6r7x7c6ryk69z4q7pa7f43kran2sl2yggk from Bitcoin Junior Club to share how she empowers children, teenagers, and families through Bitcoin education. She emphasizes that in the Bitcoin ecosystem, education should come before mass adoption.

YakiHonne: Şelale, thank you for being here! Before we dive into the interview questions, I'd like to introduce YakiHonne, the hosting platform for today’s discussion. YakiHonne is a decentralized media client built on Nostr—a protocol designed to empower freedom of speech through technology. It enables creators to own their voices and assets while offering innovative tools like smart widgets, verified notes, and support for long-form content. With YakiHonne, individuals can express themselves freely, without the fear of censorship, bans, or restrictions. Today, we’ll be exploring more about your community,Şelale. So, let’s start with an introduction—could you tell us a bit about yourself and your community?

Şelale：Thank you! I'm actually a big fan of YakiHonne. Nostr is my second biggest passion, right after Bitcoin. And within this ecosystem, everything YakiHonne has done—whether empowering communities or supporting creators—looks truly incredible. I could represent many different communities, but today, I want to focus on a recent project I started together with my husband—Bitcoin Junior Club. It's a fun and educational space designed for children, teenagers, and entire families.

My Bitcoin journey dates back to around 2017 when I started diving deeper into Bitcoin. During the block size controversy. I found myself repeatedly reading the Whitepaper, trying to understand why some people were attempting to manipulate the rules and why the debate was gaining so much traction in the mass media. As I often say, the Bitcoin journey is a dynamic process—over the years, my experiences, perspectives, and areas of focus have continuously evolved. Right now, one of my key priorities are families and education. The Bitcoin ecosystem had already seen various emerging trends, such as the rise of female-oriented communities, hence the need for children related topics as well. Overall, the last few years have brought more creative minds building up their projects, which is very nice to see. A good example here would be Bitcoin FilmFest, another dynamic initiative I’m involved in. These are all signs of Bitcoin's ever-expanding and evolving landscape.

YakiHonne: I would like to know, what sparked your interest in Bitcoin? And what motivated you to create Bitcoin Junior Club? What inspired you to create a whole community around it?

Şelale：There were many different aspects that drew me to Bitcoin, but I would say the most important one is the aspect of freedom, Bitcoin is the best form of money humanity has ever had. No middlemen, no one setting the rules. For the first time, people who have always been unprivileged and unbanked now have a real alternative—a way to opt out of the system they were born into. At the same time, when we look at developed countries, we see increasing surveillance, restrictions, and privacy constraints. Once again, Bitcoin serves a crucial role here. It is freedom money, a freedom tool, and that’s what hooked me the most.

On the other hand, what truly motivated me to launch our project was the realization that money is just a tool. If people stop thinking critically, if they don’t truly understand its potential, even something as revolutionary as Bitcoin can be misused or even turned against us.

Together with my husband, we believe that education is essential, especially for younger generations. We want to help them develop critical and creative thinking skills, to keep questioning topics they come across, and to think for themselves. This is the core reason we started this community. Along the way, I’ve come across many family-friendly projects with a similar mission. But most of such resources are scattered and difficult to locate. That’s why, one of our main goals is to create a comprehensive database—a place where people can find all kinds of educational resources, from the content we produce to information about existing initiatives in areas like: homeschooling, unschooling, Bitcoin, financial education, and more.

At the heart of it all, our focus remains on fostering creativity and independent thinking, because without it, we risk heading toward a future I personally don’t want to see. In the end, our mission is to help raise sovereign generations— individuals who truly understand and embrace financial and personal freedom. (source: interactive game for kids and families, “Bitcoin Calendar, Part 01”)

YakiHonne: Yes, absolutely! I really appreciate your recognition of Bitcoin’s freedom aspect, as that is its very core—sovereignty. I also deeply admire your dedication to educating the next generation—it’s truly essential. We need to nurture and guide these young minds so that when they step into this space, they can help maintain the stability of the Bitcoin ecosystem and safeguard the communities that have been built around it. Could you share with us how your community was founded and how you initially attracted members?

Şelale：Well, to make a long story short, it all started as a way for me to relax at night. I work on several projects within the Bitcoin ecosystem, and when I feel mentally exhausted, I like to unwind by designing and drawing. That’s how it all began—I started designing various creative worksheets, such as logic puzzles, coloring pages, and other engaging activities targeted at younger audiences.

My husband and I are also nomads, so a few years ago, we began distributing these materials to different homes during our travels. The response was overwhelmingly positive—kids were excited and, interestingly, it also turned out to be a subtle "orange pill" tool for their parents. Quite often, when they noticed the Bitcoin logo in these materials, it sparked their curiosity and triggered many questions.

At first, I simply wanted to share these resources freely with the community, allowing anyone interested to use them. Over time, I came across many other family-friendly Bitcoin-themed materials such as books, videos, and games. I wanted to create a space where these things could be seen and heard. That’s when I decided to build a website, which could be described more as a database rather than a community.

Since I’m involved in multiple projects and have limited time, I don’t want to focus entirely on building a community around Bitcoin Junior Club—at least not for now. Instead, my priority is to expand the database, continue creating creative educational materials, and connect with other family-friendly Bitcoin projects to give them extra visibility. (source: a snapshot from the home-page of Bitcoin Junior Club)

YakiHonne: What challenges did you encounter while creating this project?

Şelale：If we were to shift more towards community-building, I would say the biggest challenge lies in the diverse target audience—especially across different age groups. If you want to engage very young children, aged 2 to 3.5 years, you also need to involve their parents or mentors. If you want to reach teenagers and young adults (aged 11 to 20+), their interests, perspectives, and learning preferences are entirely different. To truly engage all these different groups, you need a wide range of tools that cater to their needs and interests. That is a significant challenge.

I’ve noticed that when people discover Bitcoin Junior Club, they often feel excited and relieved, realizing that such an initiative exists. But at the same time, it’s a fragmented process—it takes time to plant the seed and let people know, this resource is available if you or someone you know might need it.

These are the biggest challenges. But nothing to worry about. The project is naturally and organically growing, and the community will likely develop on its own over time. (source: Selected photos from Adopting Bitcoin El Salvador, Nov 2024, where a 2-day event for families, co-organized by Bitcoin Junior Club, was run in parallel to the entire conference)

YakiHonne: Yeah, that’s very true. The age gap and diverse target audience can indeed be a challenge for many communities. It’s a key factor to consider. However, I really admire the way you’ve been able to navigate this challenge and still effectively reach out to them despite the difficulties. That’s truly something worth recognizing.

Şelale：Thank you, that’s true. What I see here, once again, is the power of Nostr. On other social media platforms and across the Internet, there is so much noise—it’s an overwhelming space. But Nostr is different. The community is still relatively small, which means the audience is more specific and targeted. This also makes it faster and easier to understand their needs. Compared to three, four, or five years ago, this is a huge advantage when it comes to reaching specific groups and learning from them.

YakiHonne: What advice would you give to someone looking to start or grow a Bitcoin-focused community in today's landscape?

Şelale: Overall, don’t overthink it, and don’t try to build something too big from the start. Whatever you envision at the beginning will likely evolve over time. If you know your skills and have an idea that could bring value to the community, start with a high-level roadmap. Avoid over-planning—don’t try to monetize everything or map out years ahead, especially in the early stages, unless you’re working on a large-scale project in a bigger group.

Start with smaller steps and learn from the feedback. As we often say in the Bitcoin world, “don’t ask for permission, just do it”.

I would also emphasize: Learn and adapt along the way, because the feedback you receive from people is the best teacher. As I mentioned earlier, your initial idea may evolve into something different—so don’t give up, and don’t get discouraged. Just keep building. Also, especially for non-technical people, remember that contributing to the Bitcoin ecosystem isn’t just about tech. Of course, technology is at the core of our freedom-oriented future, and it’s incredibly important. But you don’t need technical skills to contribute—there are many ways to add value. It can be anything.

YakiHonne: Yes, I really love the last part of what you just said—it’s so important. Many people tend to believe that if you don’t have technical skills, you can’t contribute to the Bitcoin ecosystem, and this is a very common misconception. The more we educate people and help them understand that Bitcoin needs contributions beyond just the technical side, the stronger the community will become. It’s a crucial point and absolutely true. I’d love to know—does your community focus more on the technical or non-technical aspects of Bitcoin? Or do you cover both?

Şelale：I would say both, but more indirectly. Bitcoin Junior Club is not only a fun and educational space, but also an online resource providing a wide variety of materials, and so it naturally covers both technical and non-technical aspects. There are many excellent technical projects out there, such as those related to Lightning Network, which are more technical fields, and these can target young generations as well. Lightning Piggy is a great example to use here.

Also, during my recent time in El Salvador, I came across an amazing project, Node Nation, that teaches teenagers how to run their own Bitcoin nodes—a clearly technical-focused initiative.

In the future, if we continue to expand and place more emphasis on family-friendly gatherings in person, where practical activities are the core, the technical aspect may naturally grow as well. I have some ideas related to coding courses, interactive games, and other technical aspects that teenagers could be interested in. However, for now, our main focus remains on education and sharing existing resources with more people online. All in all, Bitcoin Junior Club is indirectly engaging with both technical and non-technical content.

YakiHonne: Sounds like a lot of work, but what you guys are doing is truly amazing. I can already see the large-scale impact this will have in the coming years. Since you are involved in the technical side as well, what advice would you give to technically inclined individuals or organizations looking to contribute meaningfully to the Bitcoin ecosystem?

Şelale：My advice would be: go out and speak up. Try to join different meetups—not necessarily large conferences, but smaller local meetups, hackathons, and co-working spaces. These environments will help you connect with others who also have technical skills. You may meet people who are already working on something related to your field, and eventually can guide you toward bigger areas of contribution. Face to face meetings are the best options to find potential collaborators, and to build something together, as well as to strengthen your skills, and to motivate you to start building on your own.

Also, don’t hesitate to share your ideas and ask questions publicly—for example, on Nostr, or through platforms like YakiHonne.

Simply, speak up, and see if anyone is working on something similar or wants to collaborate.

Most importantly, don’t be shy. Don’t isolate yourself in your own bubble. Just like creative people, technical people too, sometimes tend to stay in their own world, hesitant to step out. The truth is, it’s not that difficult to get involved—you just need to let people know you exist and what you can contribute.

YakiHonne: You know, many people tend to believe that only large conferences are worthwhile, thinking they won’t gain much from local meetups. But in reality, starting with local gatherings often leads to stronger connections. That’s a crucial point. So, my next question, Selale—how do you see the role of Bitcoin communities evolving as the technology matures, particularly in areas like scalability, privacy, and adaptability with other systems?

Şelale：What I’m about to say might be a bit of an unpopular opinion, but this is how I genuinely feel—especially in the past few years, there has been a lot of noise around mass adoption and scaling up, with a strong focus on doing things on a huge scale for everyone.

However, I believe there is a more important step before that—which is mass education and awareness. If we truly want to protect privacy and ensure the conscious use of Bitcoin, so that it remains a freedom technology, we need to prioritize education before expansion.

I hope that Bitcoin communities will become more aware of this and continue building on core values—the real Bitcoin ethos, such as truth, long-trem progress, privacy, and sovereignty, rather than just repeating hype-driven trends. I hope the community moves in this direction or, at the very least, remains strong enough to keep spreading the message of privacy and scalability as tools for freedom, rather than just chasing mass adoption and making everything overly simple.

Of course, user experience matters—I absolutely support improving UX across different areas because it’s necessary for broader adoption. However, before that, we need to raise awareness and ensure that people—whoever they are—truly understand Bitcoin’s potential along with the risks that come with losing sovereignty, overexposing personal data, and rushing into oversimplification.

For me, Proof of Work is not just about mining—it also means that understanding Bitcoin requires effort. You have to invest time, energy, and thought into learning about it. Making things too easy, too big, and too flashy isn’t necessarily something I believe in or support.

YakiHonne: Though it’s true that Bitcoin communities will play an increasingly significant role as time goes on and as the technology matures, they will also evolve in terms of scalability, privacy, and adaptability. These aspects align with the core values that most Bitcoin communities uphold, especially given Bitcoin’s decentralized nature. So, we’ve now come to our last question for today, and I must say, it’s one of my favorite questions. Is the government in your region supportive or opposed to Bitcoin? And how has that impacted the community?

Şelale：That’s an interesting question, because as a nomad, I don’t stay under the influence of any single government for long—usually not more than one to three months. We are constantly changing locations. However, we mostly stay within the European Union, and just using it as an example, with its centralized structure, it’s fundamentally opposite to what Bitcoin stands for. It operates against nation-states, encouraging people to think and act not as individuals, but as a collective.

I don’t see any direct threats or actions taken against Bitcoin Junior Club or any other communities I’m involved in. However, I do believe that the narratives pushed by certain jurisdictions can create obstacles—or, maybe on the other hand, they can actually awaken more people. These days, it has become popular among politicians to claim they are pro-Bitcoin, using it as a low-hanging fruit to gain attention. Hence, it’s hard to say whether some governments are truly pro- or anti-Bitcoin. From my personal journey I see them rather having a neutral approach, but it could change in the next few months, as supporting Bitcoin has suddenly become trendy. Probably a topic for a longer chat.

At the same time, I’ve seen areas in which ruling parties are officially anti-Bitcoin, yet people still find ways to work within the ecosystem and continue spreading the message of freedom.

YakiHonne: Just an outside the box question. Did anyone around your area or towards your community consider Bitcoin to be a scam?

Şelale：I had those experiences many years ago, in the very beginning. Currently, I’ve just consciously stopped spending time around people who hold such opinions, so I don’t see or hear it as often. ItThat said, it still happens occasionally—especially in Western countries. If I talk to someone new and they ask, “What do you do?” and I mention Bitcoin, sometimes they respond with:"Oh, that’s a Ponzi scheme." It’s very rare, but it still happens. For me, it just shows that those people are still too influenced by mainstream narratives—the same way people repeat things like "Bitcoin consumes too much energy" without fully understanding the subject. However, compared to five to ten years ago, these misconceptions have definitely become less common.

As a site note, I’ve reached a stage where instead of overwhelming others with Bitcoin-themed conversations, I prefer to keep building- i.e. working on various resources that will be easy enough to find to learn from. If somebody later wants to ask questions or debate, still doubting whether Bitcoin is good or bad for humanity, I am ready to join. All in all, instead of actively trying to convince people, I focus my energy on projects like Bitcoin Junior Club, Bitcoin Film Fest, and other initiatives that provide content for freedom-seekers at heart.

YakiHonne: Thank you so much. We've reached the end of today's interview, and it has truly been a fantastic conversation. I’ve gained a lot of valuable insights from you, and I genuinely appreciate the incredible work that you and your community are doing in the European Union. It’s truly inspiring. I’m certain that Europe is privileged to have you and your team contributing to this space.

Şelale: The pleasure is mine. Thank you very much for this conversation. Once again, kudos to all you are bullying at Yaki Honne.

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originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/904251

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Abstract

This paper examines a hypothetical scenario in which the United States, under Trump’s leadership, withdraws from NATO and reduces its support for Europe, thereby enabling a Russian conquest of Ukraine and the subsequent expansion of Moscow’s influence over Eurasia, while the US consolidates its dominance over South America. Drawing on classical geopolitical theories—specifically those of Halford Mackinder, Alfred Thayer Mahan, Rudolf Kjellén, and Friedrich Ratzel—the study analyzes how these frameworks can elucidate the evolving power dynamics and territorial ambitions in a reconfigured global order. The discussion highlights Mackinder’s notion of the Eurasian Heartland and its strategic importance, Mahan’s emphasis on maritime power and control of strategic routes, Kjellén’s view of the state as an expanding organism, and Ratzel’s concept of Lebensraum as a justification for territorial expansion. The paper also explores contemporary developments, such as the US–Ukraine economic agreement and Trump’s overt territorial ambitions involving Greenland and Canada, in light of these theories. By juxtaposing traditional geopolitical concepts with current international relations, the study aims to shed light on the potential implications of such shifts for regional stability, global security, and the balance of power, particularly in relation to emerging neocolonial practices in Latin America.

Introduction

In recent years, the geopolitical dynamics involving the United States, Russia, and Ukraine have sparked analyses from different theoretical perspectives. This paper examines recent events – presupposing a scenario in which Donald Trump withdraws the US from NATO and reduces its support for Europe, allowing a Russian conquest of Ukraine and the expansion of Moscow’s influence over Eurasia, while the US consolidates its dominance over South America – in light of classical geopolitical theories. The ideas of Halford Mackinder, Alfred Thayer Mahan, Rudolf Kjellén, and Friedrich Ratzel are used as reference points. The proposal is to impartially evaluate how each theory can elucidate the developments of this hypothetical scenario, relating Russian territorial expansion in Eurasia to the strategic retreat of the US to the Western Hemisphere.

Initially, we will outline Mackinder’s conception of the Heartland (the central Eurasian territory) and the crucial role of Eastern Europe and Ukraine in the quest for global dominance. Next, we will discuss Mahan’s ideas regarding maritime power and the control of strategic routes, considering the impacts on the naval power balance among the US, Russia, and other maritime powers such as the United Kingdom and Japan. Subsequently, we will examine Kjellén’s organic theory of the state, interpreting the Russian expansionist strategy as a reflection of a state organism in search of vital space. In the same vein, Ratzel’s concept of “Lebensraum” will be explored, along with how Russia could justify territorial expansion based on resources and territory. Finally, the paper connects these theories to the current political context, analyzing the direct negotiations between Washington and Moscow (overlooking Ukraine and Europe), the US policy toward authoritarian regimes in Latin America, and the notion of a hemispheric division of power – the “Island of the Americas” under North American hegemony versus an Eurasia dominated by Russia. Lastly, it considers the possibility that such a geopolitical arrangement may foster the strengthening of authoritarian governments globally, rather than containing them, thus altering the paradigms of the liberal world order.

The Heartland of Mackinder: Ukraine, Eurasia, and Global Dominance

Halford J. Mackinder, a British geographer and pioneer of geopolitics, proposed the celebrated Heartland Theory in the early twentieth century. Mackinder divided the world into geostrategic zones and identified the Heartland—the central continental mass of Eurasia—as the “geographical pivot of history” [5]. His most famous maxim encapsulates this vision: “who rules Eastern Europe commands the Heartland; who rules the Heartland commands the World Island; who rules the World Island commands the world” [5]. Eastern Europe and, in particular, the region of present-day Ukraine, play a key role in this formula. This is because, for Mackinder, Eastern Europe functions as a gateway to the Heartland, providing access to resources and a strategic position for the projection of continental power [5].

Applying this theory to our scenario, the conquest of Ukraine and Eastern European countries by Russia would have profound geopolitical implications. From a Mackinderian point of view, such a conquest would enormously strengthen Russia’s position in the Heartland by adding manpower (population) and Ukraine’s industrial and agricultural resources to its power base [5]. In fact, Mackinder argued that controlling the Heartland conferred formidable geostrategic advantages—a vast terrestrial “natural fortress” protected from naval invasions and rich in resources such as wheat, minerals, and fuels [5]. Thus, if Moscow were to incorporate Ukraine (renowned for its fertile soil and grain production, as well as its mineral reserves) and extend its influence over Eastern Europe, Russia would consolidate the Heartland under its direct control. In this context, the absence of the USA (withdrawn from NATO and less engaged in Europe) would remove an important obstacle to Russian predominance in the region.

With central and eastern Eurasia under Russian influence, it would be possible to move toward the realization of the geopolitical nightmare described by Mackinder for Western maritime powers: a hegemonic continental power capable of projecting power to both Europe and Asia. Mackinder himself warned that if a Heartland power gained additional access to an oceanic coastline—in other words, if it combined land power with a significant maritime front—it would constitute a “danger” to global freedom [5]. In the scenario considered, besides advancing into Eastern Europe, Russia would already possess strategic maritime outlets (for example, in the Black Sea, via Crimea, and in the Baltic, via Kaliningrad or the Baltic States if influenced). Thus, the control of Ukraine would reinforce Russia’s position in the Black Sea and facilitate projection into the Eastern Mediterranean, expanding its oceanic front. From a Mackinderian perspective, this could potentially transform Russia into the dominant power of the “World Island” (the combined mass of Europe, Asia, and Africa), thereby unbalancing the global geopolitical order [5].

It is worth noting that, historically, Mackinder’s doctrine influenced containment strategies: both in the interwar period and during the Cold War, efforts were made to prevent a single power from controlling the Heartland and Eastern Europe. NATO, for example, can be seen as an instrument to prevent Soviet/Russian advances in Europe, in line with Mackinder’s imperative to “contain the Heartland.” Thus, if the USA were to abandon that role—by leaving NATO and tacitly accepting the Russian sphere of influence in Eurasia—we would be witnessing an inversion of the principles that have guided Western policy for decades. In short, under Mackinder’s theory, the Russian conquest of Ukraine and beyond would represent the key for Russia to command the Heartland and, potentially, challenge global hegemony, especially in a scenario where the USA self-restricts to the Western Hemisphere.

The Maritime Power of Mahan and the Naval Balance between West and East

While Mackinder emphasized continental land power, Alfred Thayer Mahan, a nineteenth-century American naval strategist, highlighted the crucial role of maritime power in global dominance. In his work The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890), Mahan studied the example of the British Empire and concluded that control of the seas paved the way for British supremacy as a world power [10]. He argued that a strong navy and the control of strategic maritime routes were decisive factors for projecting military, political, and economic power. His doctrine can be summarized in the following points: (1) the United States should aspire to be a world power; (2) control of the seas is necessary to achieve that status; (3) such control is obtained through a powerful fleet of warships [17]. In other words, for Mahan, whoever dominates the maritime routes and possesses naval superiority will be in a position to influence global destinies, ensuring trade, supplies, and the rapid movement of military forces.

In the proposed scenario, in which the USA withdraws militarily from Europe and possibly from the Eurasian stage, Mahan’s ideas raise questions about the distribution of maritime power and its effects. Traditionally, the US Navy operates globally, ensuring freedom of navigation and deterring challenges in major seas (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, etc.). A withdrawal of the USA from NATO could also signal a reduction in its naval presence in the Northeast Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and other areas close to Eurasia. In such a case, who would fill this naval vacuum? Russia, although primarily a land power, has been attempting to modernize its navy and has specific interests—for example, consolidating its dominance in the Black Sea and maintaining a presence in the Mediterranean (with a naval base in Tartus, Syria). The United Kingdom, a historic European maritime power, would remain aligned with the USA but, without American military support in Europe, might potentially be overwhelmed trying to contain an increasingly assertive Russian navy in European waters on its own. Japan, another significant maritime actor allied with the USA, is concerned with the naval balance in the Pacific; without full American engagement, Tokyo might be compelled to expand its own naval power to contain both Russia in the Far East (which maintains a fleet in the Pacific) and, especially, the growing Chinese navy.

According to Mahan’s thinking, strategic maritime routes and choke points (crucial straits and channels) become contested prizes in this power game. With the USA focusing on the Americas, one could imagine Washington reinforcing control over the Panama Canal and Caribbean routes—reviving an “American Gulf” policy in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific. In fact, indications of this orientation emerge in statements attributed to Trump, who once suggested reclaiming direct control over Panama, transforming Canada into a North American state, and even “annexing” Greenland due to its Arctic geopolitical importance [18]. These aspirations reflect a quest to secure advantageous maritime positions near the American continent.

Conversely, in the absence of American presence in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, Russia would have free rein for regional maritime projection. This could include anything from the unrestricted use of the Black Sea (after dominating Ukraine, thereby ensuring full access to Crimea and Ukrainian ports) to greater influence in the Eastern Mediterranean via Syria and partnerships with countries such as Iran or Egypt. The Baltic Sea would also become an area of expanded Russian interest, pressuring coastal countries and perhaps reducing NATO’s traditional local naval supremacy. However, it is worth noting that even with these regional expansions, Russia lacks a blue-water navy comparable to that of the USA; thus, its initial global maritime impact would be limited without alliances.

An important aspect of Mahan’s theories is that naval power serves as a counterbalance to the land power of the Heartland. Therefore, even if Russia were to dominate the Eurasian continental mass, the continued presence of American naval might on the oceans could prevent complete global domination by Moscow. However, if the USA voluntarily restricts its naval reach to the Americas, it would forgo influencing the power balance in the seas adjacent to Eurasia. Consequently, the balance of maritime power would tend to shift in favor of regional Eurasian actors. The United Kingdom and Japan, traditional allies of the USA, could intensify their naval capabilities to defend regional interests—the United Kingdom safeguarding the North Atlantic and the North Sea, and Japan patrolling the Northwest Pacific—but both would face budgetary and structural limitations in fully compensating for the absence of the American superpower. Consequently, Mahan’s vision suggests that the withdrawal of the USA from the extra-regional scene would weaken the liberal maritime regime, possibly opening space for revisionist powers to contest routes that were previously secured (for example, Russia and China encountering less opposition on the routes of the Arctic and the Indo-Pacific, respectively). In summary, naval hegemony would fragment, and control of strategic seas would become contested, reconfiguring the relative influence of the USA, Russia, and maritime allies such as the United Kingdom and Japan.

Kjellén and the State as a Living Organism: Russian Expansion as an Organic Necessity

Another useful theoretical lens to interpret Russian geopolitical posture is that of Rudolf Kjellén, a Swedish political scientist of the early twentieth century who conceived the State as a living organism. Kjellén, who even coined the term “geopolitics,” was influenced by Friedrich Ratzel’s ideas and by social Darwinism, arguing that States are born, grow, and decline analogously to living beings [13]. In his work Staten som livsform (The State as a Form of Life, 1916), he maintained that States possess an organic dimension in addition to the legal one and that “just as any form of life, States must expand or die” [14]. This expansion would not be motivated merely by aggressive conquest but seen as a necessary growth for the self-preservation of the state organism [14]. In complement, Kjellén echoed Ratzel’s “law of expanding spaces” by asserting that large States expand at the expense of smaller ones, with it being only a matter of time before the great realms fill the available spaces [14]. That is, from the organic perspective, vigorous States tend to incorporate smaller neighboring territories, consolidating territorially much like an organism absorbing nutrients.

Applying this theory to the strategy of contemporary Russia, we can interpret Moscow’s actions—including the invasion of Ukraine and the ambition to restore its sphere of influence in Eurasia—as the expression of an organic drive for expansion. For a strategist influenced by this school, Russia (viewed as a state organism with a long imperial history) needs to expand its territory and influence to ensure its survival and security. The loss of control over spaces that once were part of the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union (such as Ukraine itself, the Caucasus, or Central Asia) may be perceived by Russian elites as an atrophy of the state organism, rendering it vulnerable. Thus, the reincorporation of these territories—whether directly (annexation) or indirectly (political vassalage)—would equate to restoring lost members or strengthening vital organs of the state body. In fact, official Russian arguments often portray Ukraine as an intrinsic part of “Russian historicity,” denying it a fully separate identity—a narrative that aligns with the idea that Russian expansion in that region is natural and necessary for the Russian State (seen as encompassing also Russian speakers beyond its current borders).

Kjellén would thus provide a theoretical justification for Russian territorial expansion as an organic phenomenon. As a great power, Russia would inevitably seek to expand at the expense of smaller neighbors (Ukraine, Georgia, the Baltic States, etc.), as dictated by the tendency of “great spaces to organize” to the detriment of the small [14]. This view can be identified in contemporary Russian doctrines that value spheres of influence and the notion that neighboring countries must gravitate around Moscow in order for the natural order to be maintained. The very idea of “Eurasia” united under Russian leadership (advocated by modern Russian thinkers) echoes this organic conception of vital space and expansion as a sign of the State’s vitality.

However, Kjellén’s theory also warns of the phenomenon of “imperial overstretch,” should a State exceed its internal cohesion limits by expanding excessively [14]. He recognized that extending borders too far could increase friction and vulnerabilities, making it difficult to maintain cohesion—a very large organism may lack functional integration. In the Russian context, this suggests that although expansion is seen as necessary, there are risks if Russia tries to encompass more than it can govern effectively. Conquering Ukraine and subjugating Eastern Europe, for example, could economically and militarily overburden the Russian State, especially if it faced resistance or had to manage hostile populations. However, in the hypothetical scenario we adopt (isolated USA and a weakened Europe), Russia might calculate that the organic benefits of expansion (territory, resources, strategic depth) would outweigh the costs, since external interference would be limited. Thus, through Kjellén’s lens, expansionist Russia behaves as an organism following its instinct for survival and growth, absorbing weaker neighbors; yet such a process is not devoid of challenges, requiring that the “organism Russia” manages to assimilate these new spaces without collapsing under its own weight.

Ratzel and Lebensraum: Resources, Territory, and the Justification for Expansion

Parallel to Kjellén’s organic view, Friedrich Ratzel’s theory offers another conceptual basis for understanding Russian expansion: the concept of Lebensraum (vital space). Ratzel, a German geographer of the late nineteenth century, proposed that the survival and development of a people or nation depended critically on the available physical space and resources. Influenced by Darwinist ideas, he applied the notion of “survival of the fittest” to nations, arguing that human societies need to conquer territory and resources to prosper, and that the stronger and fittest civilizations will naturally prevail over the weaker ones [12]. In 1901, Ratzel coined the term Lebensraum to describe this need for “vital space” as a geographical factor in national power [15].

Subsequently, this idea would be adopted—and extremely distorted—by Nazi ideology to justify Germany’s aggressions in Europe. However, the core of Ratzel’s concept is that territorial expansion is essential for the survival and growth of a State, especially to secure food, raw materials, and space for its population [12].

When examining Russia’s stance under this perspective, we can see several narratives that evoke the logic of Lebensraum. Russia is the largest country in the world by area; however, much of its territory is characterized by adverse climates (tundra, taiga) and is relatively sparsely populated in Siberia. On the other hand, adjacent regions such as Ukraine possess highly arable lands (chernozem—black soil), significant Slavic population density, and additional natural resources (coal in the Donbass, for example). An implicit justification for Russian expansion could be the search for supplementary resources and fertile lands to secure its self-sufficiency and power—exactly as Ratzel described that vigorous nations do. Historical records show that Ratzel emphasized agrarian primacy: he believed that new territories should be colonized by farmers, providing the food base for the nation [12]. Ukraine, historically called the “breadbasket of Europe,” fits perfectly into this vision of conquest for sustenance and agricultural wealth.

Furthermore, Ratzel viewed geography as a determinant of the destiny of nations—peoples adapted to certain habitats seek to expand them if they aspire to grow. In contemporary Russian discourse, there is often mention of the need to ensure security and territorial depth in the face of NATO, or to unite brotherly peoples (Russians and Russian speakers) within a single political space. Such arguments can be read as a modern translation of Lebensraum: the idea that the Russian nation, in order to be secure and flourish, must control a larger space, encompassing buffer zones and critical resources. This Russian “vital space” would naturally include Ukraine and other former Soviet republics, given the historical and infrastructural interdependence. Ratzel emphasized that peoples migrated and expanded when their original homeland no longer met their needs or aspirations [12]. Although contemporary Russia does not suffer from demographic pressure (on the contrary, it faces population decline), under the logic of a great power there is indeed a sentiment of geopolitical insufficiency for having lost influence over areas considered strategic. Thus, reconquering these areas would mean recovering the “habitat” necessary for the Russian nation to prosper and feel secure.

It is important to mention that, in Ratzel’s and Kjellén’s formulations, the pursuit of Lebensraum or organic expansion is not morally qualified—it is treated as a natural process in the politics of power. Thus, on the discursive level, Russia can avoid overly aggressive rhetoric and resort to “natural” justifications: for example, claiming that it needs to occupy Ukraine for defensive purposes (security space) or to reunify peoples (a common cultural and historical space). Beneath these justifications, however, resonates the geopolitical imperative to acquire more territory and resources as a guarantee of national survival, something consonant with Ratzel’s theory. In fact, Russian Realpolitik frequently prioritizes the control of energy resources (gas, oil) and transportation routes. Expanding its influence over central Eurasia would also mean controlling oil pipelines, gas lines, and logistical corridors—essential elements of modern Lebensraum understood as access to vital resources and infrastructure.

In summary, by conquering Ukraine and extending its reach into Eurasia, Russia could effectively invoke the concept of Lebensraum: presenting its expansion not as mere imperialism, but as a necessity to secure indispensable lands and resources for its people and to correct the “injustice” of a vital space diminished by post-Cold War territorial losses. The theories of Ratzel and Kjellén together paint a picture in which Russian expansion emerges almost as a natural law—the great State reclaiming space to ensure its survival and development at the expense of smaller neighbors.

Trump, NATO, and the Threat of American Withdrawal

One of the most alarming changes with Trump's return to power is the tense relationship with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Trump has long criticized allies for not meeting military spending targets, even threatening during his first term to withdraw the US from the alliance if members did not increase their contributions [2]. This threat, initially viewed with skepticism, became concrete after his re-election, leading European allies to seriously consider the possibility of having to defend themselves without American support [1]. In fact, Trump suggested in post-election interviews that the US would only remain in NATO if the allies “paid their bills” – otherwise, he “would seriously consider” leaving [2]. Such statements reinforced the warning that the US might not honor NATO's mutual defense commitment, precisely at a time of continuous Russian threat due to the war in Ukraine [1].

From a theoretical point of view, this posture of American retrenchment evokes the classic tension between maritime power and land power. Alfred Thayer Mahan emphasized that the global power of the US derived largely from its naval superiority and from alliances that ensured control over strategic maritime routes [9]. NATO, since 1949, has served not only to deter Soviet terrestrial advances in Eurasia, but also to secure the US naval presence in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean – a fundamental element according to Mahan. In turn, Halford Mackinder warned that the balance of global power depended on the control of the Eurasian “Heartland” (the central region of Eurasia). The withdrawal or disengagement of the US (a maritime power) from this region could open the way for a continental power (such as Russia) to expand its influence in Eastern Europe, unbalancing the power balance [3]. In other words, by threatening to leave NATO, Trump jeopardizes the principle of containment that prevented Russian dominance over Eastern Europe – something that Mackinder would see as a dangerous shift in global power in favor of the Heartland power.

Adopting an impartial tone, it is observed that European countries have reacted to this new reality with precautionary measures. Strategic reports already calculate the cost of an autonomous European defense: hundreds of thousands of additional soldiers and investments of hundreds of billions of euros would be required if the US ceased to guarantee the security of the continent [1]. European dependence on American military power is significant and, without it, there would be a need for a major reinforcement of European Armed Forces [1]. This mobilization practically reflects the anticipation of a power vacuum left by the US – a scenario in which Mackinder’s theory (on the primacy of the Heartland and the vulnerability of the “external crescent” where Western Europe is located) regains its relevance.

The US–Ukraine Economic Agreement: Strategic Minerals in Exchange for Support?

Another novelty of Trump's second term is the unprecedented and transactional manner in which Washington has been dealing with the war in Ukraine. Instead of emphasizing security guarantees and alliances, the Trump administration proposed a trade agreement with Ukraine focused on the exploitation of strategic minerals, linking American support to a direct economic benefit. According to sources close to the negotiations, the US and Ukraine are about to sign a pact to share the revenues from the exploitation of critical mineral resources on Ukrainian territory [19]. Materials such as titanium, lithium, rare earths, and uranium – vital for high-tech and defense industries – would be at the core of this agreement [6]. According to the known draft, Ukraine would allocate 50% of the profits from new mineral ventures to a fund controlled by the US, which would reinvest part of the resources in the country’s own reconstruction [6] [19].

It is noteworthy that the pact does not include explicit security guarantees for Kyiv, despite Ukraine remaining under direct military threat from Russia [19]. Essentially, the Trump administration offers financial support and economic investment in exchange for a share in Ukrainian natural resources, but without formally committing to Ukraine's defense in the event of a renewed Russian offensive [19]. American authorities argue that this economic partnership would already be sufficient to “secure Ukrainian interests,” as it would provide the US with its own incentives to desire Ukraine’s stability [19]. “What could be better for Ukraine than being in an economic partnership with the United States?” stated Mike Waltz, a US national security advisor, defending the proposal [19].

Analysts, however, assess the agreement in divided terms. For some, it represents a form of economic exploitation at a time of Ukraine's fragility – comparing the demand to share mineral wealth amid war to a scheme of “mafia protection” [19]. Steven Cook, from the Council on Foreign Relations, classified the offer as “extortion,” and political scientist Virginia P. Fortna observed that charging resources from an invaded country resembles predatory practices [19]. Joseph Nye adds that it is a short-term gain strategy that could be “disastrous in the long run” for American credibility, reflecting the transactional approach that Trump even adopted with close allies in other contexts [19]. On the other hand, some see a future advantage for Kyiv: journalist Pierre Briançon suggests that at least this agreement aligns American commercial interests with Ukraine’s future, which could, in theory, keep the US involved in Ukrainian prosperity in the long term [19]. It is even recalled that President Zelensky himself proposed last year the idea of sharing natural resources with the US to bring the interests of the two countries closer together [19].

From the perspective of geopolitical theories, this agreement illustrates a shift towards economic pragmatism in international relations, approaching concepts proposed by Kjellén. Rudolf Kjellén, who coined the term “geopolitics,” saw the State as a territorial organism that seeks to ensure its survival through self-sufficiency and the control of strategic resources [4]. Trump's demand for a share in Ukrainian resources in order to continue supporting the country reflects a logic of autarky and direct national interest – that is, foreign policy serving primarily to reinforce the economic and material position of the US. This view contrasts with the traditional cooperative approach, but aligns with Kjellén’s idea that powerful States tend to transform international relations into opportunities for their own gain, ensuring access to vital raw materials. Similarly, Friedrich Ratzel argued that States have a “propensity to expand their borders according to their capacities,” seeking vital space (Lebensraum) and resources to sustain their development [11]. The US–Ukraine pact, by conditioning military/economic aid on obtaining tangible advantages (half of the mineral profits), is reminiscent of Ratzel’s perspective: the US, as a rising economic power, expands its economic influence over Ukrainian territory like an organism extending itself to obtain the necessary resources for its well-being. It is, therefore, a form of economic expansionism at the expense of purely ideological commitments or collective security.

Peace Negotiations Excluding Ukraine and the Legitimacy of the Agreement

Another controversial point is the manner in which peace negotiations between Russia and the West have been conducted under Trump's administration. Since taking office, the American president has engaged directly with Moscow in pursuit of a ceasefire, deliberately keeping the Ukrainian government out of the initial discussions [6]. Trump expressed his desire to “leave Zelensky out of the conversation” and also excluded the European Union from any influence in the process [6]. This negotiation strategy—conducted without the presence of the primary interested party, Ukraine—raises serious questions about the legitimacy and sustainability of any resulting agreement.

Historically, peace agreements reached without the direct participation of one of the conflicting parties tend to face problems in implementation and acceptance.

The exclusion of Ukraine in the decision-making phase brings to light the issue of guarantees. As noted, the emerging agreement lacks formal US security guarantees for Ukraine. This implies that, after the agreement is signed, nothing will prevent Russia from launching a new offensive if it deems it convenient, knowing that the US has not committed to defending it militarily. Experts have already warned that a ceasefire without robust protection may only be a pause for Russian rearmament, rendering the conflict “frozen” temporarily and potentially resumed in the near future. The European strategic community has expressed similar concern: without American deterrence, the risk of further Russian aggressions in the region increases considerably [1]. Denmark, for example, has released intelligence reports warning of possible imminent Russian attacks, prompting neighboring countries to accelerate plans for independent defense [1].

The legitimacy of this asymmetric peace agreement (negotiated without Ukraine fully at the table and under economic coercion) is also questionable from a legal and moral point of view. It violates the principle of self-determination by imposing terms decided by great powers on a sovereign country—a practice reminiscent of dark chapters in diplomacy, such as the Munich Agreement of 1938, when powers determined the fate of Czechoslovakia without its consent. In the current case, Ukraine would end up signing the agreement, but from a position of weakness, raising doubts about how durable such a commitment would be.

From Mackinder’s perspective, Ukraine’s removal from the battlefield without guarantees essentially means admitting a greater influence of Russia (the Heartland power) over Eastern Europe. This would alter the balance in Eurasia in a potentially lasting way. Furthermore, the fact that great powers negotiate over the heads of a smaller country evokes the imperial logic of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when empires decided among themselves the divisions of foreign territories—a behavior that Mackinder saw as likely in a world of a “closed system.” With the entire world already occupied by States, Mackinder predicted that powers would begin to compete for influence within this consolidated board, often subjugating smaller states to gain advantage [3]. The US–Russia negotiation regarding Ukraine, without proper Ukrainian representation, exemplifies this type of neo-imperial dynamic in the twenty-first century.

Also noteworthy is the consonance with the ideas of Ratzel and Kjellén: both viewed smaller states as easily relegated to the status of satellites or even “parasitic organisms” in the orbit of larger states. Kjellén spoke of the intrinsic vulnerability of states with little territorial depth or economic dependence, making them susceptible to external pressures [4][20]. Ukraine, weakened by war and dependent on external aid, becomes a concrete example of this theorized vulnerability: it has had to cede strategic resources and accept terms dictated against its will in an attempt to secure its immediate survival. The resulting agreement, therefore, reflects a power imbalance characteristic of the hierarchical international relations described by classical geopolitical theorists.

Implicit Territorial Concessions and Trump’s Public Discourse

A central and controversial point in Trump’s statements regarding the war in Ukraine is the insinuation of territorial concessions to Russia as part of the conflict’s resolution. Publicly, Trump avoided explicitly condemning Russian aggression and even stated that he considered it “unlikely” that Ukraine would be able to retake all the areas occupied by the Russians [16]. In debates and interviews, he suggested that “if I were president, the war would end in 24 hours,” implying that he would force an understanding between Kyiv and Moscow that would likely involve ceding some territory in exchange for peace. This position marks a break with the previous US policy of not recognizing any territorial acquisitions made by force and fuels speculations that a future peace agreement sponsored by Trump would legitimize at least part of Russia’s gains since 2014 (Crimea, Donbass, and areas seized during the 2022 invasion).

The actions of his administration corroborate this interpretation. As discussed, the economic agreement focuses on the exploitation of Ukrainian natural resources, many of which are located precisely in regions currently under Russian military control, such as parts of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Donetsk, Lugansk, and the Azov Sea area [6]. A Ukrainian geologist, Hanna Liventseva, highlighted that “most of these elements (strategic minerals) are found in the south of the Ukrainian Shield, mainly in the Azov region, and most of these territories are currently invaded by Russia” [6]. This means that, to make joint exploitation viable, Russia’s de facto control over these areas would have to be recognized—or at least tolerated—in the short term. In other words, the pact indirectly and tacitly accepts Russian territorial gains, as it involves sharing the profits from resources that are not currently accessible to the Kyiv government.

Furthermore, figures close to Trump have made explicit statements regarding the possibility of territorial cession. Mike Waltz, Trump’s national security advisor, publicly stated that Zelensky might need to “cede land to Russia” to end the war [8]. This remark—made public in March 2025—confirms that the Trump White House considers it natural for Ukraine to relinquish parts of its territory in favor of an agreement. Such a stance marks a break from the previous Western consensus, which condemned any territorial gains by force. Under Trump, a pragmatic view (in the eyes of his supporters) or a cynical one (according to his critics) seems to prevail: sacrificing principles of territorial integrity to quickly end hostilities and secure immediate economic benefits.

In theoretical terms, this inclination to validate territorial gains by force recalls the concept of Realpolitik and the geopolitical Darwinism that influenced thinkers such as Ratzel. In Ratzel’s organic conception, expanding states naturally absorb neighboring territories when they are strong enough to do so, while declining states lose territory—a process almost biological in the selection of the fittest [11]. The Trump administration’s acceptance that Ukraine should “give something” to Moscow to seal peace reflects a normalization of this geopolitical selection process: it recognizes the aggressor (Russia) as having the “right” to retain conquered lands, because that is how power realities on the ground dictate. Mackinder, although firmly opposed to allowing Russia to dominate the Heartland, would see this outcome as the logical consequence of the lack of engagement from maritime powers (the USA and the United Kingdom, for example) in sustaining the Ukrainian counterattack. Without the active involvement of maritime power to balance the dispute, land power prevails in Eastern Europe.

From the perspective of international legitimacy, the cession of Ukrainian territories—whether de jure or de facto—creates a dangerous precedent in the post-Cold War era. Rewarding violent aggression with territorial gains may encourage similar strategies in other parts of the world, undermining the architecture of collective security. This is possibly a return to a world of spheres of influence, where great powers define borders and zones of control according to their convenience—something that the rules-based order after 1945 sought to avoid. Here, academic impartiality requires noting that coercion for territorial concessions rarely produces lasting peace, as the aggrieved party—in this case, Ukraine—may accept temporarily but will continue to assert its rights in the long term, as has occurred with other territorial injustices in history.

Territorial Ambitions of Trump: Greenland and Canada

Beyond the Eurasian theater of war, Trump revived geopolitical ambitions involving territories traditionally allied with the US: Greenland (an autonomous territory of Denmark) and Canada. As early as 2019, during his first term, Trump shocked the world by proposing to buy Greenland—rich in minerals and strategically positioned in the Arctic. Upon his return to power, he went further: expressing a “renewed interest” in acquiring Greenland and publicly suggesting the incorporation of Canada as the 51st American state [2].

In January 2025, during a press conference at Mar-a-Lago, he even displayed maps in which the US and Canada appeared merged into a single country, while Greenland was marked as a future American possession [2]. Posts by the president on social media included satirical images with a map of North America where Canada was labeled “51st” and Greenland designated as “Our Land” [2].

Such moves were met with concern and disbelief by allies. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was caught on an open microphone warning that Trump’s fixation on annexation “is real” and not just a joke [7]. Trudeau emphasized that Washington appeared to covet Canada’s vast mineral resources, which would explain the insistence on the idea of absorption [7]. In public, Trump argued that Canadians “would be more prosperous as American citizens,” promising tax cuts and better services should they become part of the US [7]. On the Danish side, the reaction to the revived plan regarding Greenland was firmly negative—as it was in 2019—reaffirming that the territory is not for sale. Trump, however, insinuated that the issue might be one of national security, indicating that American possession of Greenland would prevent adverse influences (a reference to China and Russia in the Arctic) [2]. More worryingly, he refused to rule out the use of military means to obtain the island, although he assured that he had no intention of invading Canada by force (in the Canadian case, he spoke of “economic force” to forge a union) [2].

This series of initiatives reflects an unprecedented expansionist impetus by the US in recent times, at least in discourse. Analyzing this through the lens of classical geopolitics offers interesting insights. Friedrich Ratzel and his notion of Lebensraum suggest that powerful states, upon reaching a certain predominance, seek to expand their territory by influencing or incorporating adjacent areas. Trump, by targeting the immediate neighbor (Canada) and a nearby strategic territory (Greenland), appears to resurrect this logic of territorial expansion for the sake of gaining space and resources. Ratzel saw such expansion almost as a natural process for vigorous states, comparable to the growth of an organism [11]. From this perspective, the US would be exercising its “right” of expansion in North America and the polar region, integrating areas of vital interest.

Additionally, Alfred Mahan’s view on maritime power helps to understand the strategic value of Greenland. Mahan postulated that control of key maritime chokepoints and naval bases ensures global advantage [9]. Greenland, situated between the North Atlantic and the Arctic, has become increasingly relevant as climate change opens new polar maritime routes and reveals vast mineral deposits (including rare earth elements and oil). For the US, having a presence or sovereignty over Greenland would mean dominating the gateway to the Arctic and denying this space to rivals. This aligns with Mahan’s strategy of securing commercial and military routes (in this case, potential Arctic routes) and resources to consolidate naval supremacy. On the other hand, the incorporation of Canada—with its enormous territory, Arctic coastline, and abundant natural resources—would provide the US with formidable geoeconomic and geopolitical reinforcement, practically eliminating vulnerabilities along its northern border. This is an ambitious project that also echoes ideas of Kjellén, for whom an ideal State should seek territorial completeness and economic self-sufficiency within its region. Incorporating Canada would be the pinnacle of American regional autarky, turning North America into a unified bloc under Washington (a scenario reminiscent of the “pan-regions” conceived by twentieth-century geopoliticians influenced by Kjellén).

It is important to note, however, that these ambitions face enormous legal and political obstacles. The sovereignty of Canada and Greenland (Denmark) is guaranteed by international law, and both peoples categorically reject the idea of annexation. Any hostile action by the US against these countries would shake alliances and the world order itself. Even so, the very fact that an American president suggests such possibilities already produces geopolitical effects: traditional partners begin to distrust Washington’s intentions, seek alternative alliances, and strengthen nationalist discourses of resistance. In summary, Trump’s expansionist intentions in Greenland and Canada rekindle old territorial issues and paradoxically place the US in the position of a revisionist power—a role once associated with empires in search of colonies.

Implications for Brazil and South America: A New Neocolonization?

In light of this geopolitical reconfiguration driven by Trump's USA—with a reordering of alliances and a possible partition of spheres of influence among great powers—the question arises: what is the impact on Brazil and the other countries of South America? Traditionally, Latin America has been under the aegis of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), which established non-interference by Europe in the region and, implicitly, the primacy of the USA in the Western Hemisphere. In the post–Cold War period, this influence translated more into political and economic leadership, without formal annexations or direct territorial domination. However, the current context points to a kind of “neocolonization” of the Global South, in which larger powers seek to control resources and peripheral governments in an indirect yet effective manner.

Mackinder’s theories can be used to illuminate this dynamic. As mentioned, Mackinder envisioned the twentieth-century world as a closed system, in which there were no longer any unknown lands to be colonized—hence, the powers would fight among themselves for control over already occupied regions [3]. He predicted that Africa and Latin America (then largely European colonies or semi-colonies) would continue as boards upon which the great powers would project their disputes, a form of neocolonialism. In the current scenario, we see the USA proposing exchanges of protection for resources (as in Ukraine) and even leaders of developing countries seeking similar agreements. A notable example: the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Felix Tshisekedi, praised the USA–Ukraine initiative and suggested an analogous agreement involving Congolese mineral wealth in exchange for US support against internal rebels (M23) [19]. In other words, African countries and possibly South American ones may enter into this logic of offering privileged access to resources (cobalt, lithium, food, biodiversity) in order to obtain security guarantees or investments. This represents a regression to the times when external powers dictated the directions of the South in exchange for promises of protection, characterizing a strategic neocolonialism.

For Brazil, in particular, this rearrangement generates both opportunities and risks. As a regional power with considerable diplomatic autonomy, Brazil has historically sought to balance relationships with the USA, Europe, China, and other actors, avoiding automatic alignments. However, in a world where Trump’s USA is actively redefining spheres of influence—possibly making deals with Russia that divide priorities (for example, Washington focusing on the Western Hemisphere and Moscow on the Eastern)—South America could once again be seen as an exclusive American sphere of influence. From this perspective, Washington could pressure South American countries to align with its directives, limiting partnerships with rivals (such as China) and seeking privileged access to strategic resources (such as the Amazon, fresh water, minerals, and agricultural commodities). Some indications are already emerging: Trump’s transactional approach mentioned by Nye included pressures on Canada and Mexico regarding border and trade issues, under the threat of commercial sanctions. It would not be unthinkable to adopt a hard line, for example, with regard to Brazilian environmental policies (linked to the Amazon) or Brazil’s relations with China, using tariffs or incentives as leverage—a sort of geopolitics of economic coercion.

On the other hand, Brazil and its neighbors could also attempt to take advantage of the Sino–North American competition. If the USA is distracted consolidating its hemispheric “hard power” hegemony (even with annexation fantasies in the north), powers such as China may advance their economic presence in South America through investments and trade (Belt and Road, infrastructure financing)—which is already happening. This would constitute an indirect neocolonial dispute in the South: Chinese loans and investments versus American demands and agreements, partly reminiscent of the nineteenth-century imperial competition (when the United Kingdom, USA, and others competed for Latin American markets and resources).

From a conceptual standpoint, Mackinder might classify South America as part of the “Outer Crescent” (external insular crescent)—peripheral to the great Eurasian “World-Island,” yet still crucial as a source of resources and a strategic position in the South Atlantic and Pacific. If the USA consolidates an informal empire in the Americas, it would be reinforcing its “insular bastion” far from the Eurasian Heartland, a strategy that Mackinder once suggested for maritime powers: to control islands and peripheral continents to compensate for the disadvantage of not controlling the Heartland. However, an excessive US dominance in the South could lead to local resistance and alternative alignments, unbalancing the region.

Kjellén would add that for Brazil to maintain its decisive sovereignty, it will need to strengthen its autarky and internal cohesion—in other words, reduce vulnerabilities (economic, military, social) that external powers might exploit [4]. Meanwhile, Mahan might point out the importance for Brazil of controlling its maritime routes and coastlines (South Atlantic) to avoid being at the mercy of a naval power like the USA. And Ratzel would remind us that states that do not expand their influence tend to be absorbed by foreign influences—which, in the context of Brazil, does not mean conquering neighboring territories, but rather actively leading South American integration to create a block more resilient to external intrusion.

In summary, South America finds itself in a more competitive and segmented world, where major players are resurrecting practices from past eras. The notion of “neocolonization” here does not imply direct occupation, but rather mechanisms of dependency: whether through unequal economic agreements or through diplomatic or military pressure for alignment. Brazil, as the largest economy and territory on the subcontinent, will have to navigate with heightened caution. A new global power balance, marked by the division of spheres of influence among the USA, China, and Russia, may reduce the sovereign maneuvering space of South American countries unless they act jointly. Thus, theoretical reflection suggests the need for South–South strategies, reinforcement of regional organizations, and diversification of partnerships to avoid falling into modern “neocolonial traps.”

Conclusion

The emerging post–re-election geopolitical conjuncture of Donald Trump signals a return to classical geopolitical principles, after several decades of predominance of institutional liberal views. We witness the revaluation of concepts such as spheres of influence, exchanges of protection for resources, naval power versus land power, and disputes over territory and raw materials—all central themes in the writings of Mackinder, Mahan, Kjellén, and Ratzel at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. An impartial analysis of these events, in light of these theories, shows internal coherence in Trump’s actions: although controversial, they follow a logic of maximizing national interest and the relative power of the USA on the world stage, even at the expense of established principles and alliances.

Halford Mackinder reminds us that, in a closed world with no new lands to conquer, the great powers will seek to redistribute the world among themselves [3]. This seems to manifest in the direct understandings between the USA and Russia over the fate of Ukraine, and in American ambitions in the Arctic and the Western Hemisphere. Alfred Mahan emphasizes that the control of the seas and strategic positions ensures supremacy—we see reflections of this in Trump’s obsession with Greenland (Arctic) and the possible neglect of the importance of maintaining NATO (and therefore the North Atlantic) as a cohesive bloc, something that Mahan’s theory would criticize due to the risk of a naval vacuum. Rudolf Kjellén and Friedrich Ratzel provide the framework to understand the more aggressive facet of expansionist nationalism: the idea of the State as an organism that needs to grow, secure resources, and seek self-sufficiency explains everything from the extortionate agreement imposed on Ukraine to the annexation rhetoric regarding Canada.

The potential consequences are profound. In the short term, we may witness a precarious ceasefire in the Ukraine war, with consolidated Russian territorial gains and Ukraine economically tied to the USA, but without formal military protection—a fragile “armed peace.” Western Europe, alarmed, may accelerate its independent militarization, perhaps marking the beginning of European defense autonomy, as is already openly debated [1]. At the far end of the globe, American activism in the Arctic and the Americas may reshape alliances: countries like Canada, once aligned with Washington, might seek to guarantee their sovereignty by distancing themselves from it; powers like China could take advantage of the openings to increase their presence in Latin America and Africa through economic diplomacy; and emerging countries of the Global South may have to choose between submitting to new “guardianships” or strengthening South–South cooperation.

Ultimately, the current situation reinforces the relevance of studying geopolitics through historical lenses. The actions of the Trump administration indicate that, despite all technological and normative advances, the competition for geographic power has not disappeared—it has merely assumed new formats. Academic impartiality obliges us not to prematurely judge whether these strategies will be successful or beneficial, but history and theory warn that neo-imperial movements tend to generate counter-reactions. As Mackinder insinuated, “every shock or change anywhere reverberates around the world,” and a sudden move by a superpower tends to provoke unforeseen adjustments and chain conflicts. It remains to be seen how the other actors—including Brazil and its neighbors—will adapt to this new chapter in the great struggle for global power, in which centuries-old theories once again have a surprising explanatory power over present events.

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@ 1d7ff02a:d042b5be

ມະນຸດມີຄວາມຈະເລີນໄດ້ຍ້ອນຮູ້ຈັກສ້າງຄວາມຫມັ້ນຄົງໃນອະນາຄົດ

ມະນຸດເຮົາສ້າງຄວາມຈະເລີນຮຸ່ງຮອງໄດ້ກໍຍ້ອນການສ້າງຄວາມຫມັ້ນຄົງໃນກະນາຄົດ ເຊິ່ງສະແດງອອກຢູ່ໃນ ຈາກແຕ່ກ່ອນຕ້ອງອອກໄປ ຫາອາຫານ ລ່າສັດ ເພື່ອເປັນພະລັງງານໃນການມີຊີວິດ ຈົນຮູ້ເຮົາຮູ້ຈັກການເກັບດອງອາຫານໃຫ້ກິນຍາວນານຂຶ້ນ, ຈາການຫາອາຫານເພື່ອຕົວເອງຢ່າງດຽວ ກໍຮູ້ຈັກການແລກປ່ຽນ (barter trade) ເຮັດໃຫ້ໄດ້ສິນຄ້າທີ່ຕົວເອງຕ້ອງການ ໂດຍບໍ່ຕ້ອງໃຊ້ເວລາທັງຫມົດໄປກັບການຫາ ຫລື ຜະລິດສິ່ງນັ້ນ ແລະ ສຸດທ້າຍເຮົາກໍຮູ້ຈັກເລືອກສິນຄ້າທີ່ມີຄວາມຫມັ້ນຄົງ ແລະ ຜະລິດຍາກ ມາເປັນເງິນ ເພື່ອໃຊ້ເປັນ ສື່ກາງ ໃນການແລກປ່ຽນ ຈົນແຕ່ລະຄົນມີເວລາໃນການໂຟກັສ ພັດທະນາທັກສະທີ່ຕົວເອງສົນໃຈຈົນມີຄວາມຊຳນານກວ່າຄົນທົ່ວໄປ ເຮັດໃຫ້ສາມາດຜະລິດສິນຄ້າ ແລະ ບໍລິການ ທີ່ມີຄຸນນະພາບ ແລະ ລາຄາຖືກລົງ. ປະກົດການເຫລົ່ານີ້ເກີດຂຶ້ນໄດ້ຍ້ອນເຮົາມີຄວາມຫມັ້ນຄົງໃນອະນາຄົດດ້ວຍເງິນເກັບ ຈົນມີເວລາຈະລອງຜິດລອງຖືກໄດ້.

ແຕ່ຫລັງຈາກທີ່ເຮົາອອກຈາກ ມາດຕະຖານທອງຄຳ ກໍເຮັດໃຫ້ເງິນມັນເຊື່ອມຄ່າລົງໄປຕາມການເວລາ ຈົນເຮັດໃຫ້ຄົນເຫັນແກ່ເວລາອັນສັ້ນ, ຜະລິດສິນຄ້າ ແລະ ບໍລິການ ທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ຄຸນນະພາບ ເພາະຄິດແຕ່ວ່າຈະເຮັດແນວໃດເພື່ອຈະໄດ້ເງິນຫລາຍຂຶ້ນ ເພາະເງິນມັນເຊື່ອມມູນຄ່າລົງເລື່ອຍໆ ຈົນລືມຄິດໄປວ່າສິ່ງໃດແທ້ ທີ່ສຳຄັນໃນຊີວິດ ຈົນເກີດບັນຫາຕ່າງໆ ບໍ່ວ່າຈະເປັນສັງຄົມ ແລະ ເສດຖະກິດ.

ບິດຄອຍ ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ທ່ານລວຍໄວຂຶ້ນ ແຕ່ມັນກຳລັງແກ້ບັນຫາພື້ນຖານຢ່າງການ ເກັບເງິນ ຢູ່ ເພາະປະຈຸບັນມະນຸດເກັບເງິນບໍ່ໄດ້ແລ້ວ ເພາະມູນຄ່າຂອງມັນຫລຸດລົງເລື່ອຍໆ

ການ DCA ບິດຄອຍ

ບິດຄອຍມີຄວາມຜັນຜວນເລື່ອງລາຄາຫລາຍ ກໍຍ້ອນເຮົາເບິ່ງໃນໄລຍະສັ້ນ ແຕ່ຖ້າເຮົາເບິ່ງມັນເປັນເຄື່ອງມືເກັບອອມເຮົາຈະເຫັນຄວາມຈິງ ບິດຄອຍຄືຄວາມຫມັ້ນຄົງ ແລະ ຕໍ່ຕ້ານການເຟີ້ຂອງເງິນ. ຕົວຢ່າງລຸ່ມນີ້ເປັນການຄຳນວນວ່າ ຖ້າເຮົາເກັບບິດຄອຍ ທຸກເດືອນ ຜ່ານໄປ 8 ປີ ມັນຈະມີມູນຄ່າເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ 617% ຫລື ປະມານປີລະ 77% ໂດຍສະເລ່ຍ ເຊິ່ງມັນກໍບໍ່ໄດ້ເປັນໂຕເລກໂອເວີຫຍັງຫລາຍ ແຕ່ສາມາດເອົາຊະນະເງິນເພີ້ໄດ້ແລ້ວ ພຽງແຕ່ເກັບ ແລະ ບໍ່ຕ້ອງຄິດຫຍັງ.

### ເມື່ອເຮົາມີເງິນເກັບທີ່ຮັກສາມູນຄ່າໄດ້ ມັນເປັນຄົນລະເລື່ອງເລີຍໃນການໃຊ້ຊີວິດ ແລະ ວິທີຄິດ

ຄົນຈະມີຄວາມຄິດການໄກຫລາຍຂຶ້ນ, ມີເວລາຄິດທົບທວນເລື່ອງຕ່າງໆໃນຊີວິດຢ່າງລະອຽດຖີ່ຖ້ວນ ແລະ ຕັດສິນໃຈແບບມີເຫດມີຜົນ. ຄົນຈະເລືອກເຮັດວຽກມີຢາກເຮັດ ເຖິງວ່າລາຍໄດ້ອາດຈະຫນ້ອຍ ແຕ່ເງິນເກັບສາມາດຮັກສາມູນຄ່າຂຶ້ນໄດ້ເລື່ອຍໆ, ເຮົາຈະມີເວລາໃຫ້ກັບຄອບຄົວຫລາຍກວ່າ ເພາະບໍ່ໄດ້ແລ່ນຕາມວຽກເພື່ອຈະໄດ້ລາຍຮັບເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຕາມການເຊື່ອມຄ່າຂອງເງິນ. ຄົນຈະໃຫ້ຄວາມສຳຄັນກັບສຸຂະພາບຫລາຍຂຶ້ນ ເພາະສຸດທ້າຍແລ້ວເຮົາຈະເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າສຸຂະພາບນີ້ແລະ ສຳຄັນສຸດ.

ຈາກຄວາມຮູ້ສຶກຂອງຕົວຂ້ອຍເອງມັນເຮັດໃຫ້ ມີຄວາມຫວັງ ແລະ ຕື່ນເຕັ້ນທີ່ຈະໄດ້ໃຊ້ຊີວິດໄປໃນການນາຄົດ ເພາະຮູ້ສຶກວ່າມີຄວາມຫມັ້ນຄົງ ຈາກການຄ່ອຍໆເກັບ ບິດຄອຍ ໂດຍມີເປົ້າຫມາຍເຮັດແນວໃດ ຈະໄດ້ໃຊ້ເວລາທີ່ເຫລືອຢູ່ ເກັບຄົນທີ່ເຮົາຮັກ, ເຮັດສິ່ງທີ່ມັກ ແລະ ມີສຸຂະພາບດີຈົນຈາກໂລກນີ້ໄປໃຫ້ເຈັບປວດຫນ້ອຍທີ່ສຸດ.

@ 401014b3:59d5476b

Donald Trump’s announcement of a strategic cryptocurrency reserve on March 2, 2025, wasn’t a surprise—he’s been the “crypto president” cheerleader for years. At 10:32 a.m. EST, he took to Truth Social with the details: the U.S. would hold onto seized digital assets, starting with Bitcoin and Ethereum, while also roping in XRP, Solana, and Cardano. He later called Bitcoin and Ethereum the “core” of the plan. By 2:00 p.m. EST, the market was buzzing with price jumps, and while tucking Bitcoin into the reserve looks like a solid play, adding the others raises some serious questions.

Price Surge: The Early Reaction

Before Trump’s post, the market was coasting. Imagine Bitcoin at around $83,000 on March 1, Ethereum at $2,200, XRP at $2.15, Solana at $142, and Cardano at $0.64—standard fare for a slow weekend. By 2 p.m. EST, three-plus hours after the announcement, the reaction was clear. Early chatter had Bitcoin nearing $90,000, up about 8%, Ethereum at $2,400, a 9% bump, XRP hitting $2.80, a 30% surge, Solana climbing to $170, a 20% rise, and Cardano spiking to $1.00, up 56%. The numbers are still firming up, but the market loved the news—though not all of it makes sense.

Bitcoin: The Smart Bet

Trump’s been hyping crypto since 2024, promising to make the U.S. the “crypto capital of the world,” and Bitcoin fits that vision like a glove. The U.S. already holds about 200,000 Bitcoin from seizures—nearly $19 billion pre-spike—and keeping it as a strategic asset is a no-brainer. It’s the gold standard of crypto, with a proven track record and a market cap that dwarfs the rest. Adding it to the reserve could draw in big players like hedge funds or states like Pennsylvania, which is eyeing a 10% Bitcoin allocation. Songping Que of Neo Blockchain says it’s a “catalyst” that could push Bitcoin to $500,000. That’s a stretch, but it’s got legs—Bitcoin’s a hedge against inflation and a signal of economic strength. Plus, Trump’s push to ditch Biden-era regulations pairs perfectly with Bitcoin’s dominance. Fewer rules could spark blockchain growth, and Bitcoin’s the anchor to build around. It’s a strategic asset that could keep the U.S. ahead of rivals like China without overcomplicating things.

The Others: A Risky Overreach

But XRP, Solana, and Cardano? That’s where this plan stumbles. Sure, they popped—XRP’s 30% leap and Cardano’s 56% spike look impressive—but these aren’t Bitcoin. XRP’s tangled in legal baggage with the SEC, and its centralized roots don’t scream “strategic reserve material.” Solana’s fast, but it’s had outages—imagine the feds betting on a network that goes dark mid-crisis. Cardano’s got big ideas, but its adoption’s still lagging; it’s more hype than substance. Ethereum’s a closer call—its smart contracts have real utility—but it’s still second fiddle to Bitcoin and carries more complexity.

Including these feels like Trump’s trying to please the crypto crowd rather than picking winners. The reserve should be lean and focused—Bitcoin alone could do the job without muddying the waters with altcoins that might tank or fizzle. The price jumps are nice, but they’re more speculative frenzy than lasting value.

The Pushback

Critics have a point about volatility—Bitcoin’s dropped from $68,000 to $35,000 in months before, and altcoins are worse. Laith Khalaf of AJ Bell warns tying public funds to crypto’s rollercoaster is dicey. For Bitcoin, that risk feels manageable—its size and staying power offset the swings. For XRP, Solana, and Cardano? Not so much. Expanding beyond seized assets would need Congress anyway, and they’d likely balk at this grab-bag approach.

The Takeaway

By 2 p.m. EST on March 2, Trump’s crypto reserve announcement had the market roaring. Bitcoin in the mix is a masterstroke—it’s a proven asset that aligns with his economic vision and could bolster America’s financial edge. But tossing in XRP, Solana, and Cardano dilutes the plan, betting on shaky ground when Bitcoin alone could carry the day. Risks are part of the game, but Trump’s got a winner with Bitcoin—why clutter it up?

@ 62a6a41e:b12acb43

War is rarely (or if ever) the will of the people. Throughout history, wars have been orchestrated by political and economic elites, while the media plays a key role in shaping public opinion. World War I is a clear example of how propaganda was used to glorify war, silence dissent, and demonize the enemy.

Today, we see similar tactics being used in the Ukrainian War. The media spreads one-sided narratives, censors alternative views, and manipulates public sentiment. This article argues that wars are decided from the top, and media is used to justify them.

---

How the Media Glorified and Propagated WW1

The Media Sold War as an Adventure

Before WW1, newspapers and propaganda made war seem noble and exciting. Young men were encouraged to enlist for honor and glory. Posters displayed slogans like “Your Country Needs You”, making war look like a duty rather than a tragedy.

Demonization of the Enemy

Governments and media portrayed Germans as "barbaric Huns," spreading exaggerated stories like the "Rape of Belgium," where German soldiers were accused of horrific war crimes—many later proven false. Today, Russia is painted as purely evil, while NATO’s role and Ukraine’s internal conflicts are ignored.

Social Pressure & Nationalism

Anyone who opposed WW1 was labeled a traitor. Conscientious objectors were shamed, jailed, or even executed. The same happens today—if you question support for Ukraine, you are called "pro-Russian" or "anti-European." In the U.S., opposing war is falsely linked to supporting Trump or extremism.

Fabricated Stories

During WW1, fake reports of German soldiers killing babies were widely spread. In Ukraine, reports of massacres and war crimes often circulate without verification, while Ukrainian war crimes receive little coverage.

---

How the Media Promotes War Today: The Case of Ukraine

One-Sided Narratives

The media presents Ukraine as a heroic struggle against an evil invader, ignoring the 2014 coup, the Donbas conflict, and NATO expansion. By simplifying the issue, people are discouraged from questioning the full story.

Censorship and Suppression of Dissent

During WW1, anti-war activists were jailed. Today, journalists and commentators questioning NATO’s role face censorship, deplatforming, or cancellation.

Selective Coverage

Media highlights civilian deaths in Ukraine but ignores similar suffering in Yemen, Syria, or Palestine. Coverage depends on political interests, not humanitarian concern.

Glorification of War Efforts

Ukrainian soldiers—even extremist groups—are painted as heroes. Meanwhile, peace negotiations and diplomatic efforts receive little attention.

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War is a Top-Down Decision, Not the Will of the People

People Don’t Want Wars

If given a choice, most people would reject war. Examples:

• Before WW1: Many workers and socialists opposed war, but governments ignored them.
• Vietnam War: Protests grew, but the war continued.
• Iraq War (2003): Millions protested, yet the invasion went ahead.

Small Elites Decide War

Wars benefit arms manufacturers, politicians, and corporate interests—not ordinary people. Public opposition is often ignored or crushed.

Manipulation Through Fear

Governments use fear to justify war: “If we don’t act now, it will be too late.” This tactic was used in WW1, the Iraq War, and is used today in Ukraine.

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Violence vs. War: A Manufactured Conflict

Violence Happens, But War is Manufactured

Conflicts and disputes are natural, but large-scale war is deliberately planned using propaganda and logistical preparation.

War Requires Justification

If war were natural, why does it need massive media campaigns to convince people to fight? Just like in WW1, today’s wars rely on media narratives to gain support.

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The Crimea Referendum: A Case of Ignored Democracy

Crimea’s 2014 Referendum

• Over 90% of Crimeans voted to join Russia in 2014.
• Western governments called it "illegitimate," while similar referendums (like in Kosovo) were accepted.

The Contradiction in Democracy

• If democracy is sacred, why ignore a clear vote in Crimea?
• Other examples: Brexit was resisted, Catalonia’s referendum was shut down, and peace referendums were dismissed when they didn’t fit political interests.
• Democracy is used as a tool when convenient.

---

VII. The Libertarian Case Against War

The Non-Aggression Principle (NAP)

Libertarianism is fundamentally opposed to war because it violates the Non-Aggression Principle (NAP)—the idea that no person or institution has the right to initiate force against another. War, by its very nature, is the ultimate violation of the NAP, as it involves mass killing, destruction, and theft under the guise of national interest.

War is State Aggression

• Governments wage wars, not individuals. No private citizen would naturally start a conflict with another country.
• The state forces people to fund wars through taxation, violating their economic freedom.
• Conscription, used in many wars, is nothing more than state-sponsored slavery, forcing individuals to fight and die for political goals they may not support.

War Creates Bigger Government

• War expands state power, eroding civil liberties (e.g., WW1's Espionage Act, the Patriot Act after 9/11).
• The military-industrial complex grows richer while taxpayers foot the bill.
• Emergency powers granted during wars rarely get repealed after conflicts end, leaving citizens with fewer freedoms.

Peaceful Trade vs. War

• Libertarians advocate for free trade as a means of cooperation. Countries that trade are less likely to go to war.
• Wars destroy wealth and infrastructure, while peaceful trade increases prosperity for all.
• Many wars have been fought not for defense, but for economic interests, such as securing oil, resources, or geopolitical power.

Who Benefits from War?

• Not the people, who suffer death, destruction, and economic hardship.
• Not small businesses or workers, who bear the burden of inflation and taxes to fund wars.
• Not individual liberty, as war leads to greater state control and surveillance.
• Only the elites, including defense contractors, politicians, and bankers, who profit from war and use it to consolidate power.

Conclusion: The Media’s Role in War is Crucial

Wars don’t happen naturally—they are carefully planned and sold to the public using propaganda, fear, and nationalism.

• WW1 and Ukraine prove that media is key to war-making.
• The media silences peace efforts and glorifies conflict.
• If people truly had a choice, most wars would never happen.

To resist this, we must recognize how we are manipulated and reject the forced narratives that push us toward war.

@ 6389be64:ef439d32

GA, plebs. The latest episode of Bitcoin And is out, and, as always, the chicanery is running rampant. Let’s break down the biggest topics I covered, and if you want the full, unfiltered rant, make sure to listen to the episode linked below.

House Democrats’ MEME Act: A Bad Joke?

House Democrats are proposing a bill to ban presidential meme coins, clearly aimed at Trump’s and Melania’s ill-advised token launches. While grifters launching meme coins is bad, this bill is just as ridiculous. If this legislation moves forward, expect a retaliatory strike exposing how politicians like Pelosi and Warren mysteriously amassed their fortunes. Will it pass? Doubtful. But it’s another sign of the government’s obsession with regulating everything except itself.

Senate Banking’s First Digital Asset Hearing: The Real Target Is You

Cynthia Lummis chaired the first digital asset hearing, and—surprise!—it was all about control. The discussion centered on stablecoins, AML, and KYC regulations, with witnesses suggesting Orwellian measures like freezing stablecoin transactions unless pre-approved by authorities. What was barely mentioned? Bitcoin. They want full oversight of stablecoins, which is really about controlling financial freedom. Expect more nonsense targeting self-custody wallets under the guise of stopping “bad actors.”

Bank of America and PayPal Want In on Stablecoins

Bank of America’s CEO openly stated they’ll launch a stablecoin as soon as regulation allows. Meanwhile, PayPal’s CEO paid for a hat using Bitcoin—not their own stablecoin, Pi USD. Why wouldn’t he use his own product? Maybe he knows stablecoins aren’t what they’re hyped up to be. Either way, the legacy financial system is gearing up to flood the market with stablecoins, not because they love crypto, but because it’s a tool to extend U.S. dollar dominance.

MetaPlanet Buys the Dip

Japan’s MetaPlanet issued $13.4M in bonds to buy more Bitcoin, proving once again that institutions see the writing on the wall. Unlike U.S. regulators who obsess over stablecoins, some companies are actually stacking sats.

UK Expands Crypto Seizure Powers

Across the pond, the UK government is pushing legislation to make it easier to seize and destroy crypto linked to criminal activity. While they frame it as going after the bad guys, it’s another move toward centralized control and financial surveillance.

Bitcoin Tools & Tech: Arc, SatoChip, and Nunchuk

Some bullish Bitcoin developments: ARC v0.5 is making Bitcoin’s second layer more efficient, SatoChip now supports Taproot and Nostr, and Nunchuk launched a group wallet with chat, making multisig collaboration easier.

The Bottom Line

The state is coming for financial privacy and control, and stablecoins are their weapon of choice. Bitcoiners need to stay focused, keep their coins in self-custody, and build out parallel systems. Expect more regulatory attacks, but don’t let them distract you—just keep stacking and transacting in ways they can’t control.

🎧 Listen to the full episode here: https://fountain.fm/episode/PYITCo18AJnsEkKLz2Ks

💰 Support the show by boosting sats on Podcasting 2.0! and I will see you on the other side.

@ 3c7dc2c5:805642a8

🧠Quote(s) of the week:

Bitcoin adoption: 1. Slow enough to confuse nearly everyone. 2. Fast enough to change your life if you can just stay focused for 4 years. Do you notice the higher your intellect grows (thanks to Bitcoin) the more unsocial you become, In real life. Or it's just me?

'First companies will add Bitcoin to their balance sheets. Then states will buy for their treasuries. And finally, sovereigns will hold it as a strategic asset. A natural progression that is already underway.' - James Lavish

🧡Bitcoin news🧡

After last week's dip, I want to share the following quote and picture. Just to keep you sharp & focused.

SAIFEDEAN AMMOUS: "If you think in years, dips are opportunities—not problems. Zoom out."

Bitcoin for Freedom: 'The Bitcoin dip is the best test to check if you understand Bitcoin. If you feel bad when it dips you don’t understand it. When you understand Bitcoin the fiat value doesn’t affect you and you have FOMO all the time.'

On the 25th of February:

➡️REKT! $1.5 BILLION leveraged crypto positions liquidated in 24 hours as Bitcoin plunges below $87,000. Bitcoin is down ~$20K from its all-time high of $109,354. $755.59 million was liquidated from the BTC perpetual futures market in the past 24 hours.

Just know for now Bitcoin is still following (with a 2-3 month lag) global liquidity.

M2 is a measure of liquidity and has been declining since December, but has recently begun to inflect back up again.

If history repeats the Bitcoin dip will soon come to an end and the recovery will be violent.

Oh, and just one more thing on this topic: 'M2 money supply growth per cycle:

2013 cycle: +26%

2017 cycle: +22%

2021 cycle: +49%

2025 cycle: +0.5%

We’ve seen this entire bull market happen with no new money in circulation.' - Bitcoin Isaiah

➡️Rep. Logan Manhart's bill, which aimed to establish a Bitcoin strategic reserver in South Dakota, failed in committee by a vote of 9-3. Manhart plans to reintroduce the bill next year.

➡️'Metaplanet has raised ~$47 million in equity at a market in the first four trading days of its “21m Plan,” with 5.54% of the plan completed to date.' - Dylan LeClair Metaplanet has purchased an additional 135 Bitcoin.

➡️'Germany’s €370 BILLION DekaBank is launching Bitcoin and crypto trading + custody for institutions. Their government sells BTC. Their citizens stack it.' - Bitcoin Archive

➡️At the end of the Weekly Recap, I always share a little gift, a podcast, an article, a report, or a newsletter. This week a report by River. Excellent report. Please give it a read. This is the most important graph in the entire document IMO; we're just getting started:

➡️'31% of Australians have owned BTC or crypto, an all-time-high in adoption, per IRCI '25. 42.9% anticipate widespread future adoption, though 14.3% cite economic and regulatory concerns for not investing. 1 in 5 investors reported banking transaction delays or blocks.' - Bitcoin News

➡️'For years, Bitcoiners pushed exchanges to adopt Lightning. And guess what? It worked. Public Lightning volume is up 266% in about a year.' -Sam Wouters

➡️The Bybit hackers are bridging their stolen ETH to Bitcoin.

➡️ America’s largest publicly traded Bitcoin mining company, Mara, just acquired this 114-megawatt wind farm in Hansford County, Texas.

➡️ 'MicroStrategy has $8.2B debt against $43.4B of BTC. A leverage ratio of ~19%. Only $5B of CBs are below their conversion price, so the effective leverage ratio is more like ~11.5%. BTC would have to drop 80%-90% for MSTR to become insolvent. And none of this debt matures until 2028...' - Bitcoin Overflow

On the 26th of February:

➡️'The IMF today sent out a press release that says as per their agreement with El Salvador, "program commitments will confine" government purchases of bitcoin. This is the first time I've seen El Salvador's bitcoin reserve being implicated in the $1.4bn IMF deal.' - Pleditor

➡️'Unless bitcoin rebounds soon, it looks like the 4-year CAGR could dip below 10% for the first time ever.' - Wicked

➡️'This is currently who is selling. Short-term holders who bought the top are selling spot Bitcoin, this isn't leverage-driven, and perps aren't negative.

That is why equities such as MSTR are green, they must have bottomed out or close to it.

Just your old fashioned fire sale, in BTC.' - James van Straten

More than 74% of realized Bitcoin losses came from holders who bought in the last month! Only the educated survive.

➡️Publicly traded Fold Holdings buys an additional 10 Bitcoins for $875,000.

➡️SEC closes its inquiry into Gemini without enforcement after a 699-day investigation. Cameron Winklevoss calls for accountability, suggesting agencies reimburse legal costs for investigations lacking clear guidelines.

On the 28th of February:

➡️Matthew Sigel:

List of Bitcoin corrections in the run-up to $20k in 2017:

-41%

-38%

-29%

-34%

-41%

-40%

-27%

List of Bitcoin corrections in the run-up to $69k in 2021:

-21%

-17%

-31%

-26%

-55% (!!)

-25%

➡️BlackRock adds its own Bitcoin ETF into its $150 BILLION model-portfolio universe - Bloomberg While Bitcoin is facing short-term pressure from economic fears as weak-ass paper hands are folding, long-term institutional adoption keeps rising.

On the 1st of March:

➡️ Bitcoin dominance back above 61%.

➡️'Bitcoin mining/energy convergence spotted. Petrobras (Brazil) just started mining Bitcoin using flare gas (reduces methane emissions) They join oil companies already mining Bitcoin: Tecpetrol, YPF, Plus Petrol (Argentina), Gazpromneft (Russia), ExxonMobil & ConocoPhillips (US).' - Daniel Batten

On the 2nd of March:

➡️President Trump has officially announced the US Strategic Crypto Reserve and Bitcoin is back above $94,000. In just 3 hours, crypto markets have now added over +$300 BILLION in market cap on the news.

And you can't make this shit up. I couldn't agree more with Peter Schiff: "Bitcoin is digital gold, which is better than analog gold. So let's create a Bitcoin reserve...", "But what's the rationale for an XRP reserve? Why the hell would we need that?"

Trump pumped and dumped a meme coin on the eve of his presidency. Of course, he wants shitcoins, XRP, SOL, and ADA, in the strategic reserve. This is basically all of our journeys from Bitcoin to shitcoins, back to Bitcoin, but on a national scale.

Even Brian Armstrong, CEO of the biggest shitcoin casino in the world, Coinbase, thinks the Reserve should be Bitcoin only.

Luke Broyles:

'My prediction: 1) Trump makes crypto reserve. 2) Reserve pumps all assets. 3) Retail and some companies get burnt in said pump. 4) Public outcry to crypto reserve along with other critiques of the Trump administration. 5) Crypto reserve is dumped in the next bear market. Massive downwards narrative catalyst. Back to no Bitcoin. 6) The government figures out the importance of Bitcoin PoW and goes BTC only soon afterward. 7) Other nations follow suit over years'

Seems legit. Please read the following post by Parker Lewis:

https://x.com/parkeralewis/status/1895550178184110217

“Bitcoin is the first form of money to ever exist that is also a currency.”

It is both a protocol and network, as the currency is embedded within the code, and validated by the network.

On the 3rd of March:

➡️Metaplanet has acquired 156 BTC for ~$13.4 million at ~$85,890 per bitcoin and has achieved a BTC Yield of 31.8% YTD 2025. As of 3/3/2025, we hold 2391 Bitcoin acquired for ~$196.3 million at ~82,100 per Bitcoin.

➡️Fidelity has bought $142.08 million Bitcoin for its ETF.

➡️Vietnam's Prime Minister has directed the Central Bank and Finance Ministry to draft a Digital Assets Framework by March.

➡️BlackRock’s model advisor team releases new Bitcoin report Key takeaways from “Why Bitcoin? A Perspective from Model Portfolio Builders”: • Bitcoin as a novel store of value and global monetary alternative • Hedge against USD hegemony and political instability • A play on the shift from offline to online commerce • Boosted by boomer-to-millennial wealth transfer • Potential for diversification and unique risk premia in portfolios • Intrinsic value expected to be increasingly recognized worldwide • Relevance grows in a debt-laden, digital-first, AI-entrenched world

➡️Meanwhile Ray Dalio tells Bloomberg that Bitcoin could be "a big part" of the restructuring of the global debt-based monetary system. Gold and Bitcoin are "store holds of wealth".

💸Traditional Finance / Macro:

On the 26th of February:

👉🏽Nvidia stock soars after posting record quarterly revenue of $39.3 billion, above expectations of $38.0 billion.

🏦Banks: 

👉🏽 no news

🌎Macro/Geopolitics:

On the 24th of February:

👉🏽'US CPI inflation is on track to hit 4.6% over the next 6 months, according to Bank of America. CPI inflation has averaged +0.4% on a month-over-month basis over the last 3 months. If this trend continues, this puts year-over-year inflation on pace to hit 4.6% by July, the highest since April 2023. That would be more than DOUBLE the Fed’s 2% inflation target. Even if monthly inflation prints ease to 0.3%, year-over-year inflation would still rise to 3.8%. Inflation is accelerating.' - TKL

On the 25th of February:

👉🏽After the ECB's massive losses, now Germany’s Central Bank. The Bundesbank reports a €19.2 billion loss for 2024—the first loss since 1979 and the largest in its history. It's not a good time for Central Bankers. Accountability anyone? 'This loss is primarily attributed to the sharp increase in interest rates initiated by the ECB since the summer of 2022 to combat high inflation. This led to higher interest expenses for the Bundesbank, as it had to pay more on deposits held by commercial banks.

In 2023, the Bundesbank offset a loss of €21.6 billion by fully releasing its provision for general risk and drawing from other reserves. However, by the end of 2024, only €0.7 billion in reserves remained available, insufficient to cover the year's losses. This resulted in an accumulated loss of €19.2 billion, which will be carried forward to 2025.' - Wyatt J. Prescott

👉🏽 A typical politician, says one thing to get elected and does another, no wonder people are losing trust in the system. Leader of the CDU Friedrich Merz just completely went back on what was said during the election and announced that there will be NO TALK of shutting the borders to those without valid documentation.

"I want to say it very clearly again. None of us will talk about border closures, no one, although this was claimed at times during the election campaign, none of us want to close the borders"

Grok has fact-checked this. Merz DID say this during the election and has now reneged on it only ONE DAY after the election.

👉🏽'G-7 Debt/GDP forecast, we are entering a new era, it would be really naive to assume positive real interest rates as we go forward. Position your long-term investments and wealth protection accordingly.' -Michael A. Arouet

On the 26th of February:

👉🏽'Germany, where consumer sentiment has worsened again due to the weak labor market figures. The GfK Consumer Confidence Index dropped from -22.6 to -24.7, its lowest level since Apr 2024. Economists polled by Bloomberg had predicted an improvement to -21.6. This adds more pressure on the CDU/CSU and SPD to form a govt quickly and restore confidence in the economy.' - Holger Zschaepitz

👉🏽The US government spent $710 billion in the first month of the Trump presidency, up from $630 billion in the same period a year ago - Analysis

👉🏽

Funny how inflation works innit? And you still believe the 2% or 3% CPI?

On the 27th of February:

👉🏽U.S. Credit Card Defaults soared to $46 Billion, the most since the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis.

On the 28th of February:

👉🏽Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent was just questioned if we're in a recession. "We're seeing the hangover from the excess spending in the Biden 4 years. In 6 to 12 months, it becomes Trump's economy." Translation: They want the market to crash soon.

Great quote on this topic: 'It would be in their best interest to let it crash. If they implement QE, we will see massive inflation. It's better to get it out prior to the midterms and then implement QE and buy the midterms. At least that's what I would do.

On the 1st of March:

👉🏽The White House announces that President Trump will host and speak at the first-ever White House Crypto Summit on March 7. The event will bring together top crypto founders, CEOs, investors, and members of the President’s Working Group on Digital Assets.

👉🏽

European victory plan: 1) Destroy gas supplies coming from Russia 2) Destroy the relationship with Russia 3) Make yourself dependent on US gas supplies 4) Destroy the relationship with the USA 5) Give all your money to Ukraine 6) … 7) Victory

👉🏽CarlBMenger: US national debt:

Feb 28, 2025: $36.5 trillion

Feb 28, 2024: $34.3 trillion

Feb 28, 2023: $31.6 trillion

Nothing is going to stop this train.

“National debt is immoral and destructive, silently undermining the basis of the state; it delivers the present generation to the execration of posterity.” - Napoleon

👉🏽Italy’s government has approved a law to restart nuclear power, nearly 4 decades after a 1987 referendum shut it down.

PM Meloni: "The government has approved another important measure to ensure clean, safe, low-cost energy that can guarantee energy security and strategic independence." If nuclear reaches 11% of the energy mix, Italy could save €17 billion in decarbonization costs by 2050. Source: Reuters

👉🏽Gold funds see record weekly inflows. Investors poured a staggering $4.7 billion into gold funds this week, marking an all-time high.

On the 2nd of March:

👉🏽For the Dutch / EU readers amongst my followers: 'This chart always shocks me when I see it. Major European countries have unfunded pension obligations of 400 to 500% of GDP. Combined with collapsing demographics it’s a recipe for disaster. Who is supposed to pay for these pensions? - Michael A. Aouret

Got Bitcoin?

👉🏽'How bad has the US debt crisis become? US net interest payments as a percentage of federal revenue reached a whopping 18.7% in January, the highest since the 1990s. This is just 20 basis points below the all-time high of 18.9% posted in 1992. Furthermore, this share has DOUBLED in just 18 months as interest costs have skyrocketed. Interest expense hit a record $1.2 trillion over the last 12 months and is the second-largest government outlay after Social Security.

The worst part? Net interest costs as a percentage of federal revenues are estimated to reach 34% by 2054, assuming there will be no recession over this period.' - TKL

👉🏽ARGENTINA'S ECONOMY SURGES—MILEI'S POLICIES DRIVE 7.1% GDP GROWTH PROJECTION

GDP is expected to grow 7.1% interannually in Q2 2025. After a tough 2024, Milei’s austerity measures and economic freedom reforms are restoring confidence—just in time for the 2025 electoral cycle. Milei’s bold strategy is proving to be the right call.

Source: Ramiro Castiñeira

👉🏽French President Emmanuel Macron today urged EU member states to agree on "massive, common funding" (ERGO: lending) to unlock investments of hundreds of billions of euros for European defense and security. Source: Politico Jippieee more debt, and who the F will be paying for all that?

On the 3rd of February:

👉🏽Dutch inflation rose to 3,8% in February.

👉🏽Gold prices surge back above $2,900 as volatility rises and geopolitical tensions escalate.

🎁If you have made it this far I would like to give you a little gift:

What’s Driving Bitcoin Adoption in 2025?

Trust in Bitcoin has grown faster than that of any asset in history. While bitcoin is a form of money, its rate of growth mirrors that of the internet. River's new report is a deep dive into Bitcoin adoption. In this report: - Why this bull market is different - The current state of the Bitcoin protocol, network, and monetary system - Deep dives on institutional, business, & nation-state adoption - A fresh look at Lightning Network's growth - Why Bitcoin adoption is still very early

You can find the report here: https://blog.river.com/bitcoin-adoption-2025/

Credit: I have used multiple sources!

My savings account: Bitcoin The tool I recommend for setting up a Bitcoin savings plan: PocketBitcoin especially suited for beginners or people who want to invest in Bitcoin with an automated investment plan once a week or monthly.

Use the code SE3997

Get your Bitcoin out of exchanges. Save them on a hardware wallet, run your own node...be your own bank. Not your keys, not your coins. It's that simple. ⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀ ⠀⠀⠀

Do you think this post is helpful to you? If so, please share it and support my work with a zap.

▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃

⭐ Many thanks⭐

Felipe - Bitcoin Friday!

▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃▃

@ 000002de:c05780a7

I was reminded of this comic this morning. Very relevant to this day.

The losers suddenly fear the government. Or rather the current administration. Those that used to fear the government falsely believe they can wield it to do "good". This is an illusion. Like the Ring of Power it has no master. The only winner is the state. It grows more powerful.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/903795

@ b2d670de:907f9d4a

This is a list of nostr clients exposed as onion services. The list is currently actively maintained on GitHub. Contributions are always appreciated!

| Client name | Onion URL | Source code URL | Admin | Description | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Snort | http://agzj5a4be3kgp6yurijk4q7pm2yh4a5nphdg4zozk365yirf7ahuctyd.onion | https://git.v0l.io/Kieran/snort | operator | N/A | | moStard | http://sifbugd5nwdq77plmidkug4y57zuqwqio3zlyreizrhejhp6bohfwkad.onion/ | https://github.com/rafael-xmr/nostrudel/tree/mostard | operator | minimalist monero friendly nostrudel fork | | Nostrudel | http://oxtrnmb4wsb77rmk64q3jfr55fo33luwmsyaoovicyhzgrulleiojsad.onion/ | https://github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel | operator | Runs latest tagged docker image | | Nostrudel Next | http://oxtrnnumsflm7hmvb3xqphed2eqpbrt4seflgmdsjnpgc3ejd6iycuyd.onion/ | https://github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel | operator | Runs latest "next" tagged docker image | | Nsite | http://q457mvdt5smqj726m4lsqxxdyx7r3v7gufzt46zbkop6mkghpnr7z3qd.onion/ | https://github.com/hzrd149/nsite-ts | operator | Runs nsite. You can read more about nsite here. | | Shopstr | http://6fkdn756yryd5wurkq7ifnexupnfwj6sotbtby2xhj5baythl4cyf2id.onion/ | https://github.com/shopstr-eng/shopstr-hidden-service | operator | Runs the latest serverless branch build of Shopstr. |

@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43

Election Authority (EA) Platform

1.1 EA Administration Interface (Web-Based)

• Purpose: Gives authorized personnel (e.g., election officials) a user-friendly way to administer the election.
• Key Tasks:
• Voter Registration Oversight: Mark which voters have proven their identity (via in-person KYC or some legal process).
• Blind Signature Issuance: Approve or deny blind signature requests from registered voters (each corresponding to one ephemeral key).
• Tracking Voter Slots: Keep a minimal registry of who is allowed one ephemeral key signature, and mark it “used” once a signature is issued.
• Election Configuration: Set start/end times, provide encryption parameters (public keys), manage threshold cryptography setup.
• Monitor Tallying: After the election, collaborate with trustees to decrypt final results and release them.

1.2 EA Backend Services

• Blind Signature Service:
• An API endpoint or internal module that receives a blinded ephemeral key from a voter, checks if they are authorized (one signature per voter), and returns the blind-signed result.

• Typically requires secure storage of the EA’s blind signing private key.

• Voter Roll Database:

• Stores minimal info: “Voter #12345 is authorized to request one ephemeral key signature,” plus status flags.

• Does not store ephemeral keys themselves (to preserve anonymity).

• (Optional) Mix-Net or Homomorphic Tally Service:

• Coordinates with trustees for threshold decryption or re-encryption.
• Alternatively, a separate “Tally Authority” service can handle this.

---

2. Auditor Interface

2.1 Auditor Web-Based Portal

• Purpose: Allows independent auditors (or the public) to:
• Fetch All Ballots from the relays (or from an aggregator).
• Verify Proofs: Check each ballot’s signature, blind signature from the EA, OTS proof, zero-knowledge proofs, etc.
• Check Double-Usage: Confirm that each ephemeral key is used only once (or final re-vote is the only valid instance).

• Observe Tally Process: Possibly see partial decryptions or shuffle steps, verify the final result matches the posted ballots.

• Key Tasks:

• Provide a dashboard showing the election’s real-time status or final results, after cryptographic verification.
• Offer open data downloads so third parties can run independent checks.

2.2 (Optional) Trustee Dashboard

• If the election uses threshold cryptography (multiple parties must decrypt), each trustee (candidate rep, official, etc.) might have an interface for:
• Uploading partial decryption shares or re-encryption proofs.
• Checking that other trustees did their steps correctly (zero-knowledge proofs for correct shuffling, etc.).

---

3. Voter Application

3.1 Voter Client (Mobile App or Web Interface)

• Purpose: The main tool voters use to participate—before, during, and after the election.

• Functionalities:

• Registration Linking:
  • Voter goes in-person to an election office or uses an online KYC process.
  • Voter obtains or confirms their long-term (“KYC-bound”) key. The client can store it securely (or the voter just logs in to a “voter account”).
• Ephemeral Key Generation:
  • Create an ephemeral key pair ((nsec_e, npub_e)) locally.
  • Blind (\npub_e) and send it to the EA for signing.
  • Unblind the returned signature.
  • Store (\npub_e) + EA’s signature for use during voting.
• Ballot Composition:
  • Display candidates/offices to the voter.
  • Let them select choices.
  • Possibly generate zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) behind the scenes to confirm “exactly one choice per race.”
• Encryption & OTS Timestamp:
  • Encrypt the ballot under the election’s public (threshold) key or produce a format suitable for a mix-net.
  • Obtain an OpenTimestamps proof for the ballot’s hash.
• Publish Ballot:
  • Sign the entire “timestamped ballot” with the ephemeral key.
  • Include the EA’s blind signature on (\npub_e).
  • Post to the Nostr relays (or any chosen decentralized channel).
• Re-Voting:
  • If the user needs to change their vote, the client repeats the encryption + OTS step, publishes a new ballot with a strictly later OTS anchor.
• Verification:
  • After the election, the voter can check that their final ballot is present in the tally set.

3.2 Local Storage / Security

• The app must securely store:
• Ephemeral private key ((nsec_e)) until voting is complete.
• Potential backup/recovery mechanism if the phone is lost.
• Blind signature from the EA on (\npub_e).
• Potentially uses hardware security modules (HSM) or secure enclaves on the device.

---

4. Nostr Relays (or Equivalent Decentralized Layer)

• Purpose: Store and replicate voter-submitted ballots (events).
• Key Properties:
• Redundancy: Voters can post to multiple relays to mitigate censorship or downtime.
• Public Accessibility: Auditors, the EA, and the public can fetch all events to verify or tally.
• Event Filtering: By design, watchers can filter events with certain tags, e.g. “election: 2025 County Race,” ensuring they gather all ballots.

---

5. Threshold Cryptography Setup

5.1 Multi-Seg (Multi-Party) Key Generation

• Participants: Possibly the EA + major candidates + accredited observers.
• Process: A Distributed Key Generation (DKG) protocol that yields a single public encryption key.
• Private Key Shares: Each trustee holds a piece of the decryption key; no single party can decrypt alone.

5.2 Decryption / Tally Mechanism

• Homomorphic Approach:
• Ballots are additively encrypted.
• Summation of ciphertexts is done publicly.
• Trustees provide partial decryptions for the final sum.
• Mix-Net Approach:
• Ballots are collected.
• Multiple servers shuffle and re-encrypt them (each trustee verifies correctness).
• Final set is decrypted, but the link to each ephemeral key is lost.

5.3 Trustee Interfaces

• Separate or integrated into the auditor interface—each trustee logs in and provides their partial key share for decrypting the final result.
• Possibly combined with ZK proofs to confirm correct partial decryption or shuffling.

---

6. OpenTimestamps (OTS) or External Time Anchor

6.1 Aggregator Service

• Purpose: Receives a hash from the voter’s app, anchors it into a blockchain or alternative time-stamping system.
• Result: Returns a proof object that can later be used by any auditor to confirm the time/block height at which the hash was included.

6.2 Verifier Interface

• Could be part of the auditor tool or the voter client.
• Checks that each ballot’s OTS proof is valid and references a block/time prior to the election’s closing.

---

7. Registration Process (In-Person or Hybrid)

1. Voter presents ID physically at a polling station or a designated office (or an online KYC approach, if legally allowed).
2. EA official:
3. Confirms identity.
4. Links the voter to a “voter record” (Voter #12345).
5. Authorizes them for “1 ephemeral key blind-sign.”
6. Voter obtains or logs into the voter client:
7. The app or website might show “You are now cleared to request a blind signature from the EA.”
8. Voter later (or immediately) generates the ephemeral key and requests the blind signature.

---

8. Putting It All Together (High-Level Flow)

1. Key Setup
2. The EA + trustees run a DKG to produce the election public key.
3. Voter Registration
4. Voter is validated (ID check).
5. Marked as eligible in the EA database.
6. Blind-Signed Ephemeral Key
7. Voter’s client generates a key, blinds (\npub_e), obtains EA’s signature, unblinds.
8. Voting
9. Voter composes ballot, encrypts with the election public key.
10. Gets OTS proof for the ballot hash.
11. Voter’s ephemeral key signs the entire package (including EA’s signature on (\npub_e)).
12. Publishes to Nostr.
13. Re-Voting (Optional)
14. Same ephemeral key, new OTS timestamp.
15. Final ballot is whichever has the latest valid timestamp before closing.
16. Close of Election & Tally
17. EA announces closing.
18. Tally software (admin + auditors) collects ballots from Nostr, discards invalid duplicates.
19. Threshold decryption or mix-net to reveal final counts.
20. Publish final results and let auditors verify everything.

---

9. Summary of Major Components

Below is a succinct list:

1. EA Admin Platform
2. Web UI for officials (registration, blind signature issuing, final tally management).
3. Backend DB for voter records & authorized ephemeral keys.
4. Auditor/Trustee Platforms
5. Web interface for verifying ballots, partial decryption, and final results.
6. Voter Application (Mobile / Web)
7. Generating ephemeral keys, getting blind-signed, casting encrypted ballots, re-voting, verifying included ballots.
8. Nostr Relays (Decentralized Storage)
9. Where ballots (events) are published, replicated, and fetched for final tally.
10. Threshold Cryptography System
11. Multi-party DKG for the election key.
12. Protocols or services for partial decryption, mix-net, or homomorphic summation.
13. OpenTimestamps Aggregator
14. Service that returns a blockchain-anchored timestamp proof for each ballot’s hash.

Additional Implementation Considerations

• Security Hardening:
• Using hardware security modules (HSM) for the EA’s blind-signing key, for trustee shares, etc.
• Scalability:
• Handling large numbers of concurrent voters, large data flows to relays.
• User Experience:
• Minimizing cryptographic complexity for non-technical voters.
• Legal and Procedural:
• Compliance with local laws for in-person ID checks, mandatory paper backups (if any), etc.

---

Final Note

While each functional block can be designed and deployed independently (e.g., multiple aggregator services, multiple relays, separate tally servers), the key to a successful system is interoperability and careful orchestration of these components—ensuring strong security, a straightforward voter experience, and transparent auditing.

nostr:naddr1qqxnzde5xq6nzv348yunvv35qy28wue69uhnzv3h9cczuvpwxyargwpk8yhsygxpax4n544z4dk2f04lgn4xfvha5s9vvvg73p46s66x2gtfedttgvpsgqqqw4rs0rcnsu

@ c1e9ab3a:9cb56b43

1. Introduction

Modern election systems must balance privacy (no one sees how individuals vote) with public verifiability (everyone can confirm the correctness of the tally). Achieving this in a decentralized, tamper-resistant manner remains a challenge. Nostr (a lightweight protocol for censorship-resistant communication) offers a promising platform for distributing and archiving election data (ballots) without relying on a single central server.

This paper presents a design where:

1. Each voter generates a new ephemeral Nostr keypair for an election.
2. The election authority (EA) blind-signs this ephemeral public key (npub) to prove the voter is authorized, without revealing which voter owns which ephemeral key.
3. Voters cast encrypted ballots to Nostr relays, each carrying an OpenTimestamps proof to confirm the ballot’s time anchor.
4. Re-voting is allowed: a voter can replace a previously cast ballot by publishing a new ballot with a newer timestamp.
5. Only the latest valid ballot (per ephemeral key) is counted.

We combine well-known cryptographic primitives—blind signatures, homomorphic or mix-net encryption, threshold key management, and time anchoring—into an end-to-end system that preserves anonymity, assures correctness, and prevents double-voting.

---

2. Roles and Components

2.1 Voters

• Long-Term (“KYC-bound”) Key: Each voter has some identity-verified Nostr public key used only for official communication with the EA (not for voting).
• Ephemeral Voting Key: For each election, the voter locally generates a new Nostr keypair ((nsec_e, npub_e)).
• This is the “one-time” identity used to sign ballots.
• The EA never learns the real identity behind (\npub_e) because of blinding.

2.2 Election Authority (EA)

• Maintains the official voter registry: who is entitled to vote.
• Blind-Signs each valid voter’s ephemeral public key to authorize exactly one ephemeral key per voter.
• Publishes a minimal voter roll: e.g., “Voter #12345 has been issued a valid ephemeral key,” without revealing which ephemeral key.

2.3 Nostr Relays

• Decentralized servers that store and forward events.
• Voters post their ballots to relays, which replicate them.
• No single relay is critical; the same ballot can be posted to multiple relays for redundancy.

2.4 Cryptographic Framework

1. Blind Signatures: The EA signs a blinded version of (\npub_e).
2. Homomorphic or Mix-Net Encryption: Ensures the content of each ballot remains private; only aggregate results or a shuffled set are ever decrypted.
3. Threshold / General Access Structure: Multiple trustees (EA plus candidate representatives, for example) must collaborate to produce a final decryption.
4. OpenTimestamps (OTS): Attaches a verifiable timestamp proof to each ballot, anchoring it to a blockchain or other tamper-resistant time reference.

---

3. Protocol Lifecycle

This section walks through voter registration, ephemeral key authorization, casting (and re-casting) ballots, and finally the tally.

3.1 Registration & Minimal Voter Roll

1. Legal/KYC Verification
2. Each real-world voter proves their identity to the EA (per legal procedures).

3. The EA records that the voter is eligible to cast one ballot, referencing their long-term identity key ((\npub_{\mathrm{KYC}})).

4. Issue Authorization “Slot”

5. The EA’s voter roll notes “this person can receive exactly one blind signature for an ephemeral key.”
6. The roll does not store an ephemeral key—just notes that it can be requested.

3.2 Generating and Blinding the Ephemeral Key

1. Voter Creates Ephemeral Key
2. Locally, the voter’s client generates a fresh ((nsec_e, npub_e)).
3. Blinding

4. The client blinds (\npub_e) to produce (\npub_{e,\mathrm{blinded}}). This ensures the EA cannot learn the real (\npub_e).

5. Blind Signature Request

6. The voter, using their KYC-bound key ((\npub_{\mathrm{KYC}})), sends (\npub_{e,\mathrm{blinded}}) to the EA (perhaps via a secure direct message or a “giftwrapped DM”).
7. The EA checks that this voter has not already been issued a blind signature.

8. If authorized, the EA signs (\npub_{e,\mathrm{blinded}}) with its private key and returns the blinded signature.

9. Unblinding

10. The voter’s client unblinds the signature, obtaining a valid signature on (\npub_e).

11. Now (\npub_e) is a blinded ephemeral public key that the EA has effectively “authorized,” without knowing which voter it belongs to.

12. Roll Update

13. The EA updates its minimal roll to note that “Voter #12345 received a signature,” but does not publish (\npub_e).

3.3 Casting an Encrypted Ballot with OpenTimestamps

When the voter is ready to vote:

1. Compose Encrypted Ballot
2. The ballot can be homomorphically encrypted (e.g., with Paillier or ElGamal) or structured for a mix-net.

3. Optionally include Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) showing the ballot is valid (one candidate per race, etc.).

4. Obtain OTS Timestamp

5. The voter’s client computes a hash (H) of the ballot data (ciphertext + ZKPs).
6. The client sends (H) to an OpenTimestamps aggregator.

7. The aggregator returns a timestamp proof verifying that “this hash was seen at or before block/time (T).”

8. Create a “Timestamped Ballot” Payload

9. Combine:

   1. Encrypted ballot data.
   2. OTS proof for the hash of the ballot.
   3. EA’s signature on (\npub_e) (the blind-signed ephemeral key).
   4. A final signature by the voter’s ephemeral key ((nsec_e)) over the entire package.

10. Publish to Nostr

11. The voter posts the complete “timestamped ballot” event to one or more relays.
12. Observers see “an event from ephemeral key (\npub_e), with an OTS proof and the EA’s blind signature,” but cannot identify the real voter or see the vote’s contents.

3.4 Re-Voting (Updating the Ballot)

If the voter wishes to revise their vote (due to coercion, a mistake, or simply a change of mind):

1. Generate a New Encrypted Ballot
2. Possibly with different candidate choices.
3. Obtain a New OTS Proof
4. The new ballot has a fresh hash (H').
5. The OTS aggregator provides a new proof anchored at a later block/time than the old one.
6. Publish the Updated Ballot
7. Again, sign with (\npub_e).
8. Relays store both ballots, but the newer OTS timestamp shows which ballot is “final.”

Rule: The final vote for ephemeral key (\npub_e) is determined by the ballot with the highest valid OTS proof prior to the election’s closing.

3.5 Election Closing & Tally

1. Close Signal
2. At a specified time or block height, the EA publishes a “closing token.”

3. Any ballot with an OTS anchor referencing a time/block after the closing is invalid.

4. Collect Final Ballots

5. Observers (or official tally software) gather the latest valid ballot from each ephemeral key.

6. They confirm the OTS proofs are valid and that no ephemeral key posted two different ballots with the same timestamp.

7. Decryption / Summation

8. If homomorphic, the system sums the encrypted votes and uses a threshold of trustees to decrypt the aggregate.
9. If a mix-net, the ballots are shuffled and partially decrypted, also requiring multiple trustees.

10. In either case, individual votes remain hidden, but the final counts are revealed.

11. Public Audit

12. Anyone can fetch all ballots from the Nostr relays, verify OTS proofs, check the EA’s blind signature, and confirm no ephemeral key was used twice.
13. The final totals can be recomputed from the publicly available data.

---

4. Ensuring One Vote Per Voter & No Invalid Voters

1. One Blind Signature per Registered Voter
2. The EA’s internal list ensures each real voter only obtains one ephemeral key signature.
3. Blind Signature
4. Ensures an unauthorized ephemeral key cannot pass validation (forging the EA’s signature is cryptographically infeasible).
5. Public Ledger of Ballots
6. Because each ballot references an EA-signed key, any ballot with a fake or duplicate signature is easily spotted.

---

5. Security and Privacy Analysis

1. Voter Anonymity
2. The EA never sees the unblinded ephemeral key. It cannot link (\npub_e) to a specific person.

3. Observers only see “some ephemeral key posted a ballot,” not the real identity of the voter.

4. Ballot Secrecy

5. Homomorphic Encryption or Mix-Net: no one can decrypt an individual ballot; only aggregated or shuffled results are revealed.

6. The ephemeral key used for signing does not decrypt the ballot—the election’s threshold key does, after the election.

7. Verifiable Timestamping

8. OpenTimestamps ensures each ballot’s time anchor cannot be forged or backdated.

9. Re-voting is transparent: a later OTS proof overrides earlier ones from the same ephemeral key.

10. Preventing Double Voting

11. Each ephemeral key is unique and authorized once.

12. Re-voting by the same key overwrites the old ballot but does not increase the total count.

13. Protection Against Coercion

14. Because the voter can re-cast until the deadline, a coerced vote can be replaced privately.

15. No receipts (individual decryption) are possible—only the final aggregated tally is revealed.

16. Threshold / Multi-Party Control

17. Multiple trustees must collaborate to decrypt final results, preventing a single entity from tampering or prematurely viewing partial tallies.

---

6. Implementation Considerations

1. Blind Signature Techniques
2. Commonly implemented with RSA-based Chaumian blind signatures or BLS-based schemes.

3. Must ensure no link between (\npub_{e,\mathrm{blinded}}) and (\npub_e).

4. OpenTimestamps Scalability

5. If millions of voters are posting ballots simultaneously, multiple timestamp aggregators or batch anchoring might be needed.

6. Verification logic on the client side or by public auditors must confirm each OTS proof’s integrity.

7. Relay Coordination

8. The system must ensure no single relay can censor ballots. Voters may publish to multiple relays.

9. Tally fetchers cross-verify events from different relays.

10. Ease of Use

11. The user interface must hide the complexity of ephemeral key generation, blind signing, and OTS proof retrieval—making it as simple as possible for non-technical voters.

12. Legal Framework

13. If law requires publicly listing which voters have cast a ballot, you might track “Voter #12345 used their ephemeral key” without revealing the ephemeral key. Or you omit that if secrecy about who voted is desired.

14. Closing Time Edge Cases

15. The system uses a block/time anchor from OTS. Slight unpredictability in block generation might require a small buffer around the official close. This is a policy choice.

---

7. Conclusion

We propose an election system that leverages Nostr for decentralizing ballot publication, blinded ephemeral keys for robust voter anonymity, homomorphic/mix-net encryption for ballot secrecy, threshold cryptography for collaborative final decryption, OpenTimestamps for tamper-proof time anchoring, and re-voting to combat coercion.

Key Advantages:

1. Anonymity: The EA cannot link ballots to specific voters.
2. One Voter, One Credential: Strict enforcement through blind signatures.
3. Verifiable Ordering: OTS ensures each ballot has a unique, provable time anchor.
4. Updatability: Voters can correct or override coerced ballots by posting a newer one before closing.
5. Decentralized Audit: Anyone can fetch ballots from Nostr, verify the EA’s signatures and OTS proofs, and confirm the threshold-decrypted results match the posted ballots.

Such a design shows promise for secure, privacy-preserving digital elections, though real-world deployment will require careful policy, legal, and usability considerations. By combining cryptography with decentralized relays and an external timestamp anchor, the system can uphold both individual privacy and publicly auditable correctness.

@ 4925ea33:025410d8

Olá, pessoal!

Hoje quero compartilhar um momento muito especial: minha primeira consulta como aromaterapeuta! Sempre sonhei em usar meus conhecimentos para ajudar as pessoas, e finalmente tive a oportunidade de colocar isso em prática.

Tudo começou de forma espontânea, em uma conversa com uma amiga. Ela mencionou que estava buscando um tratamento para remover um olho de peixe, e logo me veio à mente o óleo essencial de melaleuca. No entanto, hesitei um pouco, achando que talvez fosse uma opção cara. Então, sugeri um tratamento convencional de farmácia, o Verrux.

Por curiosidade, resolvi pesquisar os valores e me surpreendi: um medicamento que antes era acessível agora custava quase R$ 100! Foi nesse momento que minha paixão pela aromaterapia falou mais alto. Revirei meus livros e materiais de estudo e confirmei que o óleo essencial de melaleuca era uma alternativa segura, eficaz e muito mais acessível.

Além de ser uma opção natural, o tratamento aromaterapêutico tem menos efeitos colaterais e respeita o equilíbrio do corpo. Esse primeiro atendimento reforçou minha vontade de ajudar mais pessoas com o poder dos óleos essenciais!

Estou ansiosa pelos resultados e feliz por poder oferecer soluções naturais para o bem-estar.

Se você tem dúvidas ou quer saber mais sobre como a aromaterapia pode ajudar no seu dia a dia, me mande uma mensagem!

@ 3ffac3a6:2d656657

Renoters: Proposal for Anonymous Event Relaying in Nostr

This document is a proposal and not an official NIP.

This Document proposes "Renoters," a mechanism for anonymous event relaying in Nostr, inspired by the Mixminion remailer design. Renoters aim to enhance privacy by obscuring the origin of events, making it difficult to trace the author of a message.

Motivation

While Nostr offers a decentralized platform, current relay mechanisms can potentially reveal the source of events. Renoters address this by introducing an onion-routing-like system where events are encrypted and relayed through a series of nodes, making it harder to link the event to its originator. This enhances privacy for users who wish to communicate anonymously or protect their identity.

In some totalitarian regimes, the use of Tor and VPNs is criminalized, making online anonymity dangerous. Even in some democratic countries, merely downloading Tor can mark individuals as suspects. This underscores the need for a decentralized and anonymous communication system that operates independently of commonly surveilled privacy tools.

Proposed Solution

Renoters operate on the principle of "gift-wrapping" events, using asymmetric encryption. A user wishing to send an event anonymously performs the following steps:

1. Event Creation: The user creates the Nostr event they wish to publish.
2. Renoter Path Selection: The user selects a path of Renoters through which the event will be relayed. This path can be pre-configured or dynamically chosen.
3. Gift Wrapping (Encryption and Signing): The user encrypts and signs the event for each Renoter in the path, working in reverse order:
4. A new random Nostr private key (sk_wrapper) is generated.
5. The event (or the previously wrapped event) is encrypted using the next Renoter's Npub (npub_next) using Nostr's standard encryption mechanism (e.g., using shared secrets derived from the private key and the recipient's public key).
6. A new Nostr event is created. This "wrapper" event's content contains the ciphertext. The wrapper event is signed using the newly generated private key sk_wrapper. The wrapper event also includes the next hop's npub_next (or the final destination if it's the last renoter) in cleartext, to allow for routing.
7. Publication: The user publishes the first gift-wrapped event (the one encrypted for the last Renoter in the path). This event is sent to a regular Nostr relay, which then forwards it to the first Renoter in the path.
8. Renoter Relaying: Each Renoter in the path receives the gift-wrapped event, verifies the signature using the sk_wrapper's corresponding public key, decrypts it using its own private key, and forwards the decrypted event (now wrapped for the next Renoter) to the next Renoter in the path. This process continues until the event reaches the final Renoter.
9. Final Delivery: The final Renoter decrypts the event and publishes it to the Nostr network.

Example

Let's say Alice wants to send an event anonymously through Renoters R1, R2, and R3.

1. Alice creates her event.
2. She generates a random private key sk3 and encrypts the event with R3's public key npub_r3.
3. She creates a wrapper event containing the ciphertext and npub_r3, signed with sk3.
4. She generates a random private key sk2 and encrypts the previous wrapper event with R2's public key npub_r2.
5. She creates a wrapper event containing this ciphertext and npub_r2, signed with sk2.
6. She generates a random private key sk1 and encrypts the previous wrapper event with R1's public key npub_r1.
7. She creates a final wrapper event containing this ciphertext and npub_r1, signed with sk1.
8. Alice publishes this final wrapper event.

R1 decrypts with its private key, verifies the signature with the public key corresponding to sk1, and forwards to R2. R2 decrypts, verifies the signature with the public key corresponding to sk2, and forwards to R3. R3 decrypts, verifies the signature with the public key corresponding to sk3, and publishes the original event.

Renoter Incentives (using Cashu)

To incentivize Renoters to participate in the network, this NIP proposes integrating Cashu tokens as a payment mechanism.

• Token Inclusion: When a user creates the initial gift-wrapped event (the one sent to the first Renoter), they include a Cashu token within the event content. This token is itself encrypted and wrapped along with the original message, so only the receiving Renoter can access it.
• Renoter Redemption: Upon receiving a gift-wrapped event, the Renoter decrypts it. If the event contains a Cashu token, the Renoter can decrypt the token and redeem it.
• Renoter Behavior: Paid Renoters would be configured not to relay events that do not contain a valid Cashu token. This ensures that Renoters are compensated for their service. Free Renoters could still exist, but paid Renoters would likely offer faster or more reliable service.
• Token Value and Tiers: Different Cashu token denominations could represent different levels of service (e.g., faster relaying, higher priority). This could create a tiered system where users can pay for better anonymity or speed.
• Token Generation: Users would need a way to acquire Cashu tokens. This could involve purchasing them from a Cashu mint or earning them through other means.

Security Threats and Mitigations

• Anonymity Against Correlation Attacks: Even when using Tor, traffic patterns can still be analyzed to infer the origin of events. To mitigate this risk, Renoters can introduce:

• Random delays in event relaying.

• Dummy packets to complicate statistical analysis by malicious observers.

• Replay Attacks: To mitigate replay attacks, each Renoter must store, for a reasonable period, the IDs of received events and the decrypted events that were forwarded. This ensures that duplicate messages are not processed again.

• Sybil Attacks: Sybil attacks can be mitigated by requiring payments via Cashu tokens for relaying events, increasing the cost of launching such attacks. By ensuring that each relay operation has a monetary cost, attackers are discouraged from creating large numbers of fake identities to manipulate the network.

• Traffic Analysis: Traffic analysis can be mitigated by using Tor for Renoters. Routing events through the Tor network adds an additional layer of anonymity, making it more difficult to track message origins or infer sender-recipient relationships. While Renoters enhance privacy, sophisticated traffic analysis might still be a threat.

Operational Considerations

• Renoter Reliability: The reliability of the Renoter network is crucial.
• Latency: Relaying through multiple Renoters will introduce latency.
• Key Management: While each layer uses a new key, the initial key generation and path selection process need to be secure.

This NIP provides a robust framework for anonymous event relaying in Nostr, leveraging encryption and Cashu-based incentives to enhance privacy and usability.

References

• Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses, and Digital Pseudonyms: David L. Chaum (https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/358549.358563)

• Mixminion Design: Mixminion: Design of a Type III Anonymous Remailer (https://www.mixminion.net/minion-design.pdf)

• Nostr Protocol: Official Nostr Documentation (https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nostr)
• Cashu Token System: Cashu: Ecash for Bitcoin Lightning (https://cashu.space/)
• Tor Project: The Tor Project - Anonymity Online (https://www.torproject.org/)
• Onion Routing: The Second-Generation Onion Router (https://svn.torproject.org/svn/projects/design-paper/tor-design.pdf)

Privacy #Nostr #Anonymity #Crypto #CensorshipResistance #OnlinePrivacy #Decentralization #Encryption #Security #ThreatMitigation #Micropayments #CryptoEconomy #NextSteps #Development

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Argentina's financial landscape is taking a significant turn with the adoption of Bitcoin for rental payments, an innovative move reflecting the country's openness to digital currencies. This pioneering transaction not only serves as a testament to Argentina's adaptability in the face of economic fluctuations but also marks a pivotal shift towards a more inclusive financial system. Amidst the backdrop of inflationary pressures and currency devaluation, cryptocurrencies offer a semblance of stability and reliability, enticing Argentinians to look towards digital solutions for everyday transactions. The use of Bitcoin in real estate transactions symbolizes a broader acceptance of digital currencies, challenging traditional banking paradigms and showcasing the potential for a digital economy. This event is not just a milestone for Argentina but also a beacon for countries worldwide grappling with similar economic challenges, demonstrating the viability of cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange. By embracing Bitcoin for such a critical aspect of daily life—rental payments—Argentina is setting a precedent, illustrating the practical applications of digital currencies beyond speculative investments. This movement towards digital currency adoption is fostering a new era of financial inclusivity, where access to banking and financial services is no longer hindered by traditional barriers, offering a glimmer of hope for a more democratized financial future.

Table of Contents

• The Historic Bitcoin Rental Transaction

• Impact on Real Estate and Financial Transactions

• Challenges and Opportunities Ahead

• The Future of Cryptocurrencies in Argentina

• Conclusion

• FAQs

The Historic Bitcoin Rental Transaction

The transaction facilitated by Fiwind marks a watershed moment for Argentina, showcasing the tangible application of Bitcoin in the real estate market. This isn't merely about the novelty of using digital currency for rent but a reflection of a deeper shift towards digital transformation in financial dealings. The choice of Bitcoin, equivalent to 100 USDT, for this transaction, underscores the growing confidence in cryptocurrencies as a stable and viable alternative to fiat currencies, even in the face of their notorious volatility. This event highlights the synergies between blockchain technology and real estate transactions, pointing towards a future where such digital transactions could become the norm rather than the exception. The role of Fiwind in this transaction is emblematic of the critical role fintech companies are playing in bridging the gap between traditional financial services and the emerging digital economy. Through this pioneering payment, Argentina is not just experimenting with new technology but also laying the groundwork for a financial ecosystem that is more adaptable, secure, and inclusive. The successful execution of this rental payment using Bitcoin paves the way for further innovation in the sector, encouraging other players in the real estate market to explore the benefits of cryptocurrency transactions. This could lead to a ripple effect, where the acceptance and use of digital currencies become widespread, transforming the way financial transactions are conducted across the board.

Impact on Real Estate and Financial Transactions

The introduction of Bitcoin payments in the real estate sector is not just a one-off event but a sign of the evolving landscape of financial transactions in Argentina and globally. This development has the potential to catalyze a significant shift in how transactions are conducted, moving away from traditional, cumbersome processes to more streamlined, digital-first approaches. The benefits of using cryptocurrencies for real estate transactions extend beyond the immediate convenience and security—they represent a fundamental change in the perception and utilization of digital currencies in substantial financial dealings. The blockchain technology underlying Bitcoin transactions offers unparalleled transparency and security, mitigating many of the risks associated with traditional real estate transactions, such as fraud and delays in payment processing. Moreover, this shift towards digital currencies can greatly enhance the accessibility of real estate markets, removing barriers for international investors and simplifying cross-border transactions. As Argentina explores the full potential of cryptocurrencies in real estate, it sets a precedent for other sectors to follow suit, potentially revolutionizing payment and investment models across the economy. This could lead to greater efficiency, reduced costs, and a more inclusive market, where anyone with access to digital currencies can participate without the need for traditional banking infrastructure. The impact of this development could extend far beyond the real estate sector, influencing how businesses and individuals alike think about and engage with the financial system.

Challenges and Opportunities Ahead

While the adoption of Bitcoin for rental payments in Argentina opens up new avenues for the use of digital currencies, it also brings to light several challenges that need to be addressed. Regulatory uncertainty remains one of the biggest hurdles, as governments and financial institutions grapple with how to integrate cryptocurrencies within existing legal and financial frameworks. The volatile nature of digital currencies adds another layer of complexity, raising questions about valuation, taxation, and consumer protection. Despite these challenges, the opportunities presented by the broader adoption of cryptocurrencies are immense. They offer the potential for a more efficient and transparent financial system, reduced transaction costs, and increased access to financial services for underserved populations. Moreover, the adoption of digital currencies can spur innovation in financial technologies, encouraging the development of new tools and services that enhance the security and efficiency of transactions. As Argentina navigates these challenges and opportunities, it can serve as a valuable case study for other countries considering the role of digital currencies in their economies. By addressing regulatory and volatility concerns, Argentina can pave the way for a more stable and inclusive financial ecosystem, where cryptocurrencies play a significant role in everyday transactions. This journey towards cryptocurrency adoption is not without its obstacles, but the potential benefits for economic inclusivity, efficiency, and innovation make it a venture worth pursuing.

The Future of Cryptocurrencies in Argentina

The successful rental payment in Bitcoin is more than a novelty; it's a harbinger of the potential future role of digital currencies in Argentina's economy. As the country continues to explore the possibilities of cryptocurrencies, we can expect to see an expansion in their use across various sectors, from retail to services and beyond. This could dramatically transform the payment landscape, making digital currencies a common feature of everyday transactions. The implications of such a shift are profound, offering the possibility of a more inclusive financial system that transcends the limitations of traditional banking. However, the journey towards widespread adoption of cryptocurrencies is contingent on several factors, including technological advancements, regulatory clarity, and societal acceptance. As Argentina navigates these factors, it could emerge as a leader in the adoption of digital currencies, setting a benchmark for other nations. The potential for cryptocurrencies to improve efficiency, reduce transaction costs, and enhance financial inclusion is significant, suggesting a bright future for their role in Argentina's economy. This evolution towards a digital-first financial landscape represents a significant leap forward, promising a more accessible, secure, and efficient way of conducting transactions for all Argentinians.

Conclusion

The integration of Bitcoin into Argentina's rental market is a significant milestone, highlighting the growing acceptance and potential of cryptocurrencies to redefine traditional financial systems. This development is not just about the adoption of a new payment method but reflects a broader shift towards digital innovation and economic reform. As Argentina continues to embrace cryptocurrencies, it contributes to the global conversation on the future of finance, demonstrating the practical benefits and challenges of digital currencies. The journey of cryptocurrencies from niche investment to mainstream payment option is fraught with hurdles, but the opportunities they present for economic reform and innovation are unparalleled. As we reflect on Argentina's experience, it's clear that the role of cryptocurrencies in the global financial system is only set to grow, promising a future where digital transactions are the norm, offering greater accessibility, security, and efficiency. The adoption of Bitcoin for rentals in Argentina is just the beginning, paving the way for a future where cryptocurrencies play a central role in our financial lives, transforming how we think about and engage with money.

FAQs

What is the significance of Argentina embracing Bitcoin for rentals? Argentina's adoption of Bitcoin for rentals marks a milestone in the country's financial landscape, highlighting its progressive approach to digital currencies.

How was the historic Bitcoin rental transaction in Argentina facilitated? The transaction was made possible by Fiwind and involved a rental payment in Bitcoin, equivalent to 100 USDT.

What impact does this development have on real estate and financial transactions in Argentina? It opens new avenues for faster, more secure, and accessible payment methods in real estate, potentially transforming financial transactions across various sectors.

What challenges and opportunities are associated with cryptocurrency adoption in Argentina? Challenges include regulatory issues and cryptocurrency volatility, while opportunities include a more efficient and inclusive financial system.

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@ 83fd07de:aec50d47

Attempts to artificially inflate demand for Bitcoin—whether through ordinals for 'crypto' people, ETFs for institutional investors, or Bitcoin Strategic Reserves (BSR) for states—for purposes other than self-sovereign savings and payments, will almost always backfire.

The reasons you use to onboard people to Bitcoin can often be the same reasons they eventually decide to leave. While it's true that this process can lead to incremental improvements in user education, it also subjects actual Bitcoin users to considerable volatility, a defining characteristic of the Bitcoin user journey.

Simply put, all pro-Bitcoin narratives appear strong when prices are rising and weak when they are falling. So, what do the Bitcoin users actually know better than tourists that enable them to outlast the madness of the crowds?

https://media.tenor.com/QHPiPY42oR0AAAAC/benbvolliefde-b%26bvolliefde.gif

Unlike tourists, Bitcoin users know that bitcoin itself is not volatile; rather, it's the valuation expressed in fiat currency that experiences volatility. They know that Bitcoin is not something to be blindly trusted but something to be verified. They know that nothing out there beats running and using your own node. They know that their self-custody setup is solid. They know that Lightning works, offering incredible UX advancement in web payments. Additionally, they know how Nostr empowers exploration of new frontiers on the web, revealing traditional tech infrastructures for what they truly are. And there is so much more.

Yet most importantly, Bitcoin users know they ARE IN CHARGE of creating a new world.

Individual agency has been reclaimed, and it matters greatly. Anyone who is aware of this shift will embrace it wholeheartedly and will be reluctant to relinquish it, if ever.

Bitcoin is not a quest of telling what people should value; it's a journey of discovering the value of time well spent—a life worth living.

https://i.nostr.build/0TdM9A3rzm6BSElE.png

@ 95cb4330:96db706c

Embracing a Long-Term Thinking Mindset, as exemplified by leaders like Jeff Bezos and Peter Thiel, involves making decisions that prioritize enduring success over immediate gains. This approach fosters sustainable growth and innovation by focusing on strategies that yield compounded benefits over time.

---

Understanding the Long-Term Thinking Mindset

• Definition:
  A strategic perspective that emphasizes planning and decision-making with a focus on achieving substantial, lasting outcomes—often at the expense of short-term profits or conveniences.

---

Examples in Practice

• Jeff Bezos and Amazon:
  Bezos structured Amazon to prioritize long-term customer trust over quarterly profits, leading to its dominance. He believes that long-term thinking leverages existing abilities and supports the failure and iteration required for invention.

• Peter Thiel's Investment Strategy:
  Thiel invests in startups with unique, superior products and a 10+ year vision, rather than chasing short-term competition. His contrarian investment strategy focuses on long-term tech investments.

---

Implementing Long-Term Thinking

1. Set Visionary Goals:
   Define objectives that align with enduring values and aspirations, guiding sustained efforts toward meaningful achievements.

2. Prioritize Sustainable Practices:
   Adopt strategies that ensure environmental, social, and economic sustainability, contributing to long-term viability.

3. Embrace Delayed Gratification:
   Recognize that significant rewards often require patience and persistent effort, avoiding the allure of immediate but fleeting benefits.

---

Benefits of Long-Term Thinking

• Resilience:
  Organizations and individuals become better equipped to navigate challenges and adapt to changing circumstances.

• Reputation:
  A commitment to long-term goals fosters trust and credibility among stakeholders, enhancing relationships and opportunities.

• Innovation:
  Focusing on enduring success encourages continuous improvement and the development of groundbreaking solutions.

---

Action Step

Identify a current decision or project and assess whether your approach favors short-term comfort or long-term success. If it leans toward immediate gratification, consider realigning your strategy to prioritize enduring benefits—ensuring that today's choices contribute positively to your future goals.

---

By adopting a long-term thinking mindset, you position yourself and your organization to achieve sustained success and make a lasting impact.

For further insights into Jeff Bezos's perspective on long-term thinking, consider watching this discussion:

JEFF BEZOS - THINK LONG TERM

@ 6e0ea5d6:0327f353

"Malcolm Forbes recounts that a lady, wearing a faded cotton dress, and her husband, dressed in an old handmade suit, stepped off a train in Boston, USA, and timidly made their way to the office of the president of Harvard University. They had come from Palo Alto, California, and had not scheduled an appointment. The secretary, at a glance, thought that those two, looking like country bumpkins, had no business at Harvard.
— We want to speak with the president — the man said in a low voice.
— He will be busy all day — the secretary replied curtly.
— We will wait.
The secretary ignored them for hours, hoping the couple would finally give up and leave. But they stayed there, and the secretary, somewhat frustrated, decided to bother the president, although she hated doing that.
— If you speak with them for just a few minutes, maybe they will decide to go away — she said.
The president sighed in irritation but agreed. Someone of his importance did not have time to meet people like that, but he hated faded dresses and tattered suits in his office. With a stern face, he went to the couple.
— We had a son who studied at Harvard for a year — the woman said. — He loved Harvard and was very happy here, but a year ago he died in an accident, and we would like to erect a monument in his honor somewhere on campus.

— My lady — said the president rudely —, we cannot erect a statue for every person who studied at Harvard and died; if we did, this place would look like a cemetery.

— Oh, no — the lady quickly replied. — We do not want to erect a statue. We would like to donate a building to Harvard.

The president looked at the woman's faded dress and her husband's old suit and exclaimed:

— A building! Do you have even the faintest idea of how much a building costs? We have more than seven and a half million dollars' worth of buildings here at Harvard.

The lady was silent for a moment, then said to her husband:

— If that’s all it costs to found a university, why don’t we have our own?

The husband agreed.

The couple, Leland Stanford, stood up and left, leaving the president confused. Traveling back to Palo Alto, California, they established there Stanford University, the second-largest in the world, in honor of their son, a former Harvard student."

Text extracted from: "Mileumlivros - Stories that Teach Values."

Thank you for reading, my friend! If this message helped you in any way, consider leaving your glass “🥃” as a token of appreciation.

A toast to our family!

@ a9434ee1:d5c885be

The Key Pair

What a Nostr key pair has by default:

• A unique ID
• A name
• A description
• An ability to sign stuff

The Relay

What a Nostr relay has (or should have) by default:

• Permissions, Moderation, AUTH, ...
• Pricing & other costs to make the above work (cost per content type, subscriptions, xx publications per xx timeframe, ...)
• List of accepted content types
• (to add) Guidelines

The Community

Since I need Communities to have all the above mentioned properties too, the simplest solution seems to be to just combine them. And when you already have a key pair and a relay, you just need the third basic Nostr building block to bring them together...

The Event

To create a #communikey, a key pair (The Profile) needs to sign a (kind 30XXX) event that lays out the Community's : 1. Main relay + backup relays 2. Main blossom server + backup servers 3. (optional) Roles for specific npubs (admin, CEO, dictator, customer service, design lead, ...) 4. (optional) Community mint 5. (optional) "Welcome" Publication that serves as an introduction to the community

This way: * any existing npub can become a Community * Communities are not tied to one relay and have a truly unique ID * Things are waaaaaay easier for relay operators/services to be compatible (relative to existing community proposals) * Running one relay per community works an order of magnitude better, but isn't a requirement

The Publishers

What the Community enjoyers need to chat in one specific #communikey : * Tag the npub in the (kind 9) chat message

What they needs to publish anything else in one or multiple #communikeys : * Publish a (kind 32222 - Targeted publication) event that lists the npubs of the targeted Communities * If the event is found on the main relay = The event is accepted

This way: * any existing publication can be targeted at a Community * Communities can #interop on content and bring their members together in reply sections, etc... * Your publication isn't tied forever to a specific relay

Ncommunity

If nprofile = npub + relay hints, for profiles
Then ncommunity = npub + relay hints, for communities

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

[npub16d8gxt2z4k9e8sdpc0yyqzf5gp0np09ls4lnn630qzxzvwpl0rgq5h4rzv]

Data Storage via Blobs in a Decentralized Manner
Blobs (Binary Large Objects) offer a flexible method of storing large chunks of data, and in the context of decentralized systems, they allow for secure, distributed storage solutions. In a decentralized world, where privacy and autonomy are key, managing data in a distributed manner ensures data isn't controlled or censored by a single entity. Here are three key systems enabling decentralized blob storage:

1. Blossom Server
   Blossom Server provides a decentralized platform for storing and sharing large blobs of data. Blossom Server allows users to host their own data and retrieve it from a decentralized network, ensuring that data is not stored in centralized servers. This platform is open-source, offering flexibility and security through peer-to-peer data storage.

2. Perkeep
   Perkeep (formerly known as Camlistore) is a decentralized data storage system that allows for storing blobs of data in a distributed manner. It focuses on the long-term storage of large data sets, such as personal collections of photos, videos, and documents. By using Perkeep, users can ensure that their data remains private and is not controlled by any central authority. The system uses a unique identifier to access data, promoting both privacy and integrity.

3. IPFS (InterPlanetary File System)
   IPFS is another popular decentralized file storage system that uses the concept of blobs to store and share data. IPFS allows users to store and access data in a decentralized manner by using a peer-to-peer network. Each piece of data is given a unique hash, ensuring that it is verifiable and tamper-proof. By leveraging IPFS, users can store everything from simple files to large applications, all without relying on centralized servers.

By using these decentralized data storage solutions, individuals and organizations can safeguard their information, increase privacy, and contribute to a more resilient and distributed internet infrastructure.

Higher-Level Goals for Blob Storage Blob storage via Blossom ,Perkeep and IPFS has goals to become a decentralized, self-sufficient protocol for data storage, management, and sharing. While some of these features are already being implemented, they represent a broader vision for the future of decentralized personal data management.

1. Filesystem Backups
   Allows for easy, incremental backups. Using the pk-put tool, users can back up files and directories quickly and efficiently. Incremental backups, which save only the changes made since the last backup, are essentially free, making Perkeep an efficient choice for backup solutions. This initial use case has already been implemented, providing seamless and secure backups for personal data.

2. Efficient Remote Filesystem
   The goal is to create a highly efficient, aggressively caching remote filesystem using Perkeep. A read-only version of this filesystem is already trivial to implement, while read-write functionality remains an area of active development. Every modification in the filesystem would be snapshotted implicitly, providing version control as a default. This would enable users to interact with their data in a remote environment while ensuring that every change is tracked and recoverable.

3. Decentralized Sharing System
   Perkeep is working towards enabling users to share data in a decentralized manner. The system will allow individuals to share anything with anyone or everyone, with privacy being the default setting. This decentralized sharing is already starting to work, and users can now share data with others while retaining control over who sees their information.

4. Blog / Photo Hosting / Document Management CMS
   Perkeep aims to replace traditional blog platforms, photo hosting services, and document management software. By running a personal blog, photo gallery, and document management system (CMS) on Perkeep, users will have full control over their content. Permissions will be configurable, allowing for personal or public sharing. The author intends to use Perkeep for his own blog, gallery, and document management needs, further demonstrating its versatility.

5. Decentralized Social Networking
   While still a lofty goal, decentralized social networking is a persistent aim for Perkeep. By implementing features like comments and tagging, users could attach metadata to images and content. Through claims, users could sign data and verify identities, promoting trust in social interactions. This would allow for decentralized social networking where users control their own data and interactions.

6. Import/Export Adapters for Hosted Web Services
   Perkeep intends to bridge the gap between decentralized storage and traditional hosted web services. This feature would allow users to mirror data between hosted services and their private Perkeep storage. Whether content is created in Perkeep or hosted services, the goal is to ensure that data is always backed up privately, ensuring users' data is theirs forever.

Combined Goals for Blossom and IPFS

Both Blossom and IPFS share common goals of decentralizing data storage, enhancing privacy, and providing users with greater control over their data. Together, these technologies enable:

• Self-Sovereign Data Management: Empowering users to store and manage their data without relying on centralized platforms.
• Resilient and Redundant Storage: Offering decentralized and redundant data storage that ensures availability and security.
• Private and Permissioned Sharing: Enabling secure, private data sharing where the user controls who has access to their content.

By focusing on these goals, both Blossom and IPFS are contributing to a future where individuals control their own data, collaborate more efficiently in decentralized networks and P4P protocols, and ensure the privacy and security of their digital assets.

These technologies in conjunction with nostr lead one to discover user agency and autonomy, where you can actually own and interface with your own data allowing for value creation and content creation strategies.

Donations via
- lightninglayerhash@getalby.com

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

Decentralized Publishing: ChainScribe: How to Approach Studying NIPs (Nostr Improvement Proposals)

[npub16d8gxt2z4k9e8sdpc0yyqzf5gp0np09ls4lnn630qzxzvwpl0rgq5h4rzv]

How to Approach Studying NIPs (Nostr Improvement Proposals)

NIPs (Nostr Improvement Proposals) provide a framework for suggesting and discussing improvements to the Nostr protocol, a decentralized network for open communication. Studying NIPs is crucial for understanding the evolution of Nostr and its underlying principles. To effectively approach this, it's essential to follow a systematic, structured process.

1. Familiarize with the Nostr Protocol: Before diving into the specifics of each NIP, gain a solid understanding of the core Nostr protocol. This includes its goals, architecture, and key components like pubkeys, events, and relays.
2. Explore the NIP Catalog: Visit nostr-nips.com to browse through the available NIPs. Focus on the most recent proposals and those that align with your interests or areas of expertise.
3. Review the Proposal Structure: Each NIP follows a standard structure, typically including a description of the problem, proposed solution, and rationale. Learn to read and evaluate these elements critically, paying attention to how each proposal aligns with Nostr’s decentralized ethos.
4. Follow Active Discussions: Many NIPs are actively discussed within the community. Follow relevant channels, such as GitHub issues or dedicated discussion forums, to understand community feedback and potential revisions.
5. Understand Dependencies: Some NIPs are designed to work in tandem with others or require other technological advancements. Recognize these relationships to better understand the broader implications of any proposal.
6. Hands-On Testing: If possible, test NIPs in a development environment to see how they function in practice. Experimenting with proposals will help deepen your understanding and expose potential challenges or flaws.
7. Contribute to Proposals: If you have insights or suggestions, contribute to the discussion or propose your own improvements. NIPs thrive on community participation, and your input can help shape the future of Nostr.

Donations via
- lightninglayerhash@getalby.com

@ 88b8f4a8:0b652722

Las motivaciones para configurar un segundo router pueden ser:

• Como repetidor wifi en una zona apartada de la casa donde no llega de habitual.
• Configurar el segundo router con VPN (probándolo, la configuración en el principal funciona pero aplicándola en un segundo router conectado al principal no usa la VPN, intentaré resolverlo).
• Usar el segundo para experimentación.
• Si se te ocurren más motivos coméntalos.

Para empezar, debes desactivar sus funciones de router (como DHCP y NAT) y configurarlo para que simplemente extienda la red de tu router principal. Aquí te explico cómo hacerlo paso a paso:

1. Conectar los Routers Físicamente

• Conecta un cable Ethernet desde un puerto LAN del router principal a un puerto LAN del router OpenWrt.
• No uses el puerto WAN del router OpenWrt, ya que no lo necesitarás en esta configuración.

2. Acceder al Router OpenWrt

• Conéctate al router OpenWrt mediante SSH o accede a la interfaz web (LuCI). En mi caso lo intenté por interfaz gráfica y no lo conseguí, así que continúo explicando solo mediante SSH.

3. Desactivar la Interfaz WAN

• Como no usarás la interfaz WAN, puedes desactivarla.
  • Edita el archivo /etc/config/network: vi /etc/config/network
• Comenta o elimina la sección de la interfaz WAN, comentar es añadir un # delante. Por ejemplo:

```

config interface 'wan'

option proto 'dhcp'

option ifname 'eth1'

`` * Pulsa ESC para asegurar el modo escritura y después para guardar y salir:wq` + intro.

4. Configurar la Interfaz LAN * Configura la interfaz LAN para que obtenga una dirección IP del router principal. * Edita el archivo /etc/config/network y modifica la sección de la interfaz LAN:

config interface 'lan' option proto 'static' option ifname 'br-lan' option ipaddr '192.168.1.2' # Dirección IP dentro del rango del router principal option netmask '255.255.255.0' option gateway '192.168.1.1' # IP del router principal option dns '1.1.1.1' # Servidores DNS * Pulsa ESC para asegurar el modo escritura y después para guardar y salir :wq + intro.

Asegúrate de que:

• ipaddr sea una dirección IP dentro del rango del router principal (por ejemplo, si el router principal usa 192.168.1.x, elige una IP como 192.168.1.2).
• gateway sea la IP del router principal (por ejemplo, 192.168.1.1).
• dns sean servidores DNS válidos.

5. Desactivar el Servidor DHCP en OpenWrt

• Como el router principal ya proporciona direcciones IP, debes desactivar el servidor DHCP en OpenWrt.
  • Edita el archivo /etc/config/dhcp:

vi /etc/config/dhcp * Desactiva el servidor DHCP en la sección lan: * Con añadir al final "option ignore '1'" basta. No borres el resto de la sección.

config dhcp 'lan' option interface 'lan' option ignore '1' # Desactiva el servidor DHCP * Pulsa ESC para asegurar el modo escritura y después para guardar y salir :wq + intro.

6. Configurar el Firewall

Como el router OpenWrt actuará como un AP, no necesita funciones de firewall. * Edita el archivo /etc/config/firewall y desactiva las reglas de firewall:

config zone option name 'lan' option input 'ACCEPT' option output 'ACCEPT' option forward 'ACCEPT' option network 'lan' * Pulsa ESC para asegurar el modo escritura y después para guardar y salir :wq + intro.

7. Reiniciar el Router OpenWrt

Después de realizar los cambios, reinicia el router OpenWrt para aplicar la configuración:

reboot

8. Probar la Configuración

Conecta un dispositivo a la red LAN o Wi-Fi del router OpenWrt y verifica si tiene acceso a Internet. * Prueba la conectividad con:

ping 8.8.8.8

Espero que sirva de ayuda. Si tienes cualquier problema descríbemelo para aprender juntos.

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

noStrudel

Released another major version of noStrudel v0.42.0 Which included a few new features and a lot of cleanup

nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzqfngzhsvjggdlgeycm96x4emzjlwf8dyyzdfg4hefp89zpkdgz99qyghwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnhd9hx2tcpzfmhxue69uhkummnw3e82efwvdhk6tcqp3hx7um5wf6kgetv956ry6rmhwr

Blossom

On the blossom front there where a few more PRs - Expanded the documentation around CORS headers in BUD-01 thanks to nostr:npub1a6we08n7zsv2na689whc9hykpq4q6sj3kaauk9c2dm8vj0adlajq7w0tyc - Made auth optional on the /upload endpoint PR - Added a HEAD /media endpoint for BUD-05 PR - Added range request recommendations to BUD-01 PR

With blossom uploads starting to be supported in more nostr clients users where starting to ask where to find a list of blossom servers. so I created a simple nostr client that allows users to post servers and leave reviews blossomservers.com Its still very much a work in progress (needs login and server and review editing) The source is on github

I also started another project to create a simple account based paid blossom server blossom-account-server Unfortunately I got sidetracked and I didn't have the time to give it the attention it needs to get it over the finish line

Smaller projects

• cherry-tree A small app for uploading chunked blobs to blossom servers (with cashu payment support)
• vite-plugin-funding A vite plugin to collect and expose package "funding" to the app
• node-red-contrib-rx-nostr The start of a node-red package for rx-nostr. if your interested please help
• node-red-contrib-applesauce The start of a node-red package for applesauce. I probably wont finish it so any help it welcome

Plans for 2025

I have a few vague ideas of what I want to work on Q1 of 2025. but there are a few things i know for certain.

I'm going to keep refactoring noStrudel by moving core logic out into applesauce and making it more modular. This should make noStrudel more reliable and hopefully allow me to create and maintain more apps with less code

And I'm going to write tests. tests for everything. hopefully tests for all the libraries and apps I've created in 2024. A lot of the code I wrote in 2024 was hacky code to see if things could work. and while its been working pretty well I'm starting to forget the details of of the code I wrote so I cant be sure if it still works or how well it works.

So my solution is to write tests, lots of tests :)

@ 220522c2:61e18cb4

Test gif

npub1ygzj9skr9val9yqxkf67yf9jshtyhvvl0x76jp5er09nsc0p3j6qr260k2

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

President Trump has intensified immigration enforcement, likening it to a wartime effort. Despite pouring resources into the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), arrest numbers are declining and falling short of goals. ICE fell from about 800 daily arrests in late January to fewer than 600 in early February.

Critics argue the administration is merely showcasing efforts with ineffectiveness, while Trump seeks billions more in funding to support his deportation agenda. Increased involvement from various federal agencies is intended to assist ICE, but many lack specific immigration training.

Challenges persist, as fewer immigrants are available for quick deportation due to a decline in illegal crossings. Local sheriffs are also pressured by rising demands to accommodate immigrants, which may strain resources further.

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers!

Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon!

A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats.

So stay a while and listen.

🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨

🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/903264

@ 878dff7c:037d18bc

Overview

Tropical Cyclone Alfred, currently a Category 2 system, is advancing towards the southeastern coast of Queensland and northern New South Wales. The cyclone is anticipated to make landfall between late Thursday and early Friday, bringing destructive winds, heavy rainfall, and potential life-threatening flooding. Authorities have issued evacuation orders for residents in low-lying areas, closed schools, suspended public transport, and established evacuation centers. The Australian Defence Force and emergency services are on standby to assist with evacuation and recovery efforts. Residents are urged to prepare their properties, have evacuation plans in place, and stay updated through official channels. TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECAST TRACK MAP

Public Transport to Halt in South-East Queensland as Cyclone Alfred Approaches

### Summary: Severe weather conditions due to Tropical Cyclone Alfred are ongoing, with the cyclone expected to impact south-east Queensland and northern New South Wales. Public transport in Brisbane and the surrounding region has been suspended, and authorities have urged residents to prepare their properties and have evacuation plans ready. The cyclone, likely to maintain a Category 2 status as it crosses the coast on Friday, could result in significant flooding and coastal erosion. The Australian Defence Force and emergency services are on standby to assist with possible evacuations and recovery efforts. Nearly 20,000 residences in Brisbane are at risk of flooding, and evacuation centers are being set up in NSW. This event is anticipated to be one of the most severe since 1954, with high winds, heavy rainfall, and damaging storm surges expected. Sources: The Guardian - 5 March 2025

Residents Urged to Evacuate as Cyclone Alfred Nears

### Summary: Residents in southeast Queensland are urgently advised to evacuate as Tropical Cyclone Alfred approaches, threatening severe storm surges and flash flooding. The Category 2 cyclone is expected to hit between Brisbane and the Gold Coast around midnight on Thursday, coinciding with a high tide. Approximately 30,600 properties across Brisbane, the Sunshine Coast, and the Gold Coast are at risk. Premier David Crisafulli emphasized the need for immediate action to seek shelter with loved ones or in evacuation centers. Schools will be closed, and elective surgeries canceled on Thursday and Friday. Winds could reach 130 km/h, and up to 800 mm of rain is anticipated. The Australian Defence Force is ready to assist, with additional resources in place. Authorities are knocking on doors in at-risk areas, and evacuation centers will open. Residents are urged to stay indoors and avoid examining cyclone damage during the storm. Sources: The Australian - 5 March 2025

Northern NSW Braces for Cyclone Alfred's Impact

### Summary: Northern NSW is preparing for a significant natural disaster as Cyclone Alfred intensifies and slows, heightening the potential for severe impacts. Premier Chris Minns has traveled to the region to meet with SES volunteers and prepare for flooding. The cyclone, which may reach low-end Category 3 strength, is expected to make landfall near Brisbane on Friday. Authorities have warned residents to prepare for "three natural disaster events in one," including high winds, flash flooding, and significant rainfall. Over 120 schools are closed, flights have been canceled, and evacuation plans are advised for vulnerable areas. Essential Energy is managing power outages caused by high winds, and residents are advised to take action before conditions worsen. The NSW SES has opened evacuation centers, anticipating severe impacts along the coast. Residents are urged to prepare for potential flooding and power disruptions as authorities continue to monitor the situation. Sources: The Daily Telegraph - 5 March 2025

Brisbane and Gold Coast Brace for First Cyclone in 51 Years

### Summary: Residents in Brisbane and the Gold Coast are preparing for Tropical Cyclone Alfred, the first cyclone in 51 years to hit the Australian east coast near Brisbane. The cyclone is predicted to make landfall late Thursday or early Friday, bringing destructive winds, large swells, and potential life-threatening flooding. Brisbane, with over 3 million residents, may see up to 20,000 homes affected by flooding. The government has provided 250,000 sandbags and established cyclone refuge centers. Schools, public transport, and non-urgent hospital surgeries will be suspended. Queensland Premier David Crisafulli has urged residents to prepare their homes and plan evacuation routes. Cyclone Zoe was the last cyclone to hit the region in 1974. Sources: Associated Press - 5 March 2025

Rare Cyclone Alfred Threatens Australia's East Coast

### Summary: Tropical Cyclone Alfred, with strength equivalent to a Category 1 Atlantic hurricane, is expected to cross the coast just south of Brisbane. Authorities have urged residents in low-lying areas to evacuate ahead of the storm's landfall, anticipated early Friday. The cyclone poses significant risks of severe winds, heavy rainfall, and potential flooding to the densely populated regions of southeast Queensland and northern New South Wales. Sources: CNN - 5 March 2025

Evacuations Begin as Tropical Cyclone Alfred Approaches

### Summary: Queensland and NSW are setting up evacuation centers ahead of Tropical Cyclone Alfred's expected landfall, as the weather bureau warns it could intensify to a Category 3 system. Residents in low-lying areas are advised to evacuate due to the risks of severe winds, heavy rainfall, and potential flooding. Authorities are closely monitoring the situation and coordinating emergency response efforts to ensure public safety. Sources: SBS News - 5 March 2025

@ c4b5369a:b812dbd6

As promised in my last article:

nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzp394x6dfmvn69cduj7e9l2jgvtvle7n5w5rtrunjlr6tx6up9k7kqq2k6ernff9hw3tyd3y453rdtph5uvm6942kzuw08y0

In this one we will dive into how exactly an unidirectional payments channel powered ecash mint system would be implemented, using the tech available today! So if you haven't read that article yet, give it a read!

I first intended to write a longwinded article, explaining each part of the system. But then I realized that I would need some visualization to get the message across in a more digestable way. This lead me to create a slide deck, and as I started to design the slides it became more and more clear that the information is easier shown with visualizations, than written down. I will try to give a summary as best as I can in this article, but I urge you, to please go visit the slide deck too, for the best experience:

---

TAKE ME TO THE SLIDE DECK!

---

Intro

In this article we will go over how we can build unidirectional payment channels on Bitcoin. Then we will take a look into how Cashu ecash mints work, and how we can use unidirectional payment channels to change the dynamics between ecash users and the mint.

Before we start, let me also give credits to nostr:npub1htnhsay5dmq3r72tukdw72pduzfdcja0yylcajuvnc2uklkhxp8qnz3qac for comming up with the idea, to nostr:npub148jz5r9xujcjpqygk69yl4jqwjqmzgrqly26plktfjy8g4t7xaysj9xhgp for providing an idea for non-expiring unidirectional channels, and nostr:npub1yrnuj56rnen08zp2h9h7p74ghgjx6ma39spmpj6w9hzxywutevsst7k5cx unconference for hosting an event where these ideas could be discussed and flourish.

Building unidirectional payment channels

If you've read the previous article, you already know what unidirectional payment channels are. There are actually a coupple different ways to implement them, but they all do have a few things in common:

1. The sender can only send
2. The Receiver can only receive
3. They are VERY simple

Way simpler than the duplex channels like we are using in the lightning network today, at least. Of course, duplex channels are being deployed on LN for a reason. They are very versatile and don't have these annoying limitations that the unidirectional payment channels have. They do however have a few drawbacks:

1. Peers have liveness requirements (or they might forfeit their funds)
2. Peers must backup their state after each transaction (if they don't they might forfeit their funds)
3. It is a pretty complex system

This article is not meant to discredit duplex channels. I think they are great. I just also think that in some use-cases, their requirements are too high and the system too complex.

But anyway, let's see what kind of channels we can build!

Spillman/CLTV-Channel

The Spillman channel idea has been around for a long time. It's even explained in Tadge Dryjas Presentation on Payment channels and the lightning network from back in the day. I compiled a list of some of the most important propperties of them in the slide below:

Great!

Now that we know their properties, let's take a look at how we can create such a channel (Slides):

We start out by the sender creating a funding TX. The sender doesn't broadcast the transaction though. If he does, he might get locked into a multisig with the receiver without an unilateral exit path.

Instead the sender also creates a refund TX spending the outputs of the yet unsigned funding TX. The refund TX is timelocked, and can only be broadcast after 1 month. Both sender and receiver can sign this refund TX without any risks. Once sender receives the signed refund TX, he can broadcast the funding TX and open the channel. The sender can now update the channel state, by pre-signing update transactions and sending them over to the receiver. Being a one-way channel, this can be done in a single message. It is very simple. There is no need for invalidating old states, since the sender does not hold any signed update TXs it is impossible for the sender to broadcast an old state. The receiver only cares about the latest state anyways, since that is the state where he gets the most money. He can basically delete any old states. The only thing the receiver needs to make sure of, is broadcasting the latest update TX before the refund TX's timelock expires. Otherwise, the sender might take the whole channel balance back to himself.

This seems to be already a pretty useful construct, due to its simplicity. But we can make it even more simple!

This setup works basically the same way as the previous one, but instead of having a refund transaction, we build the timelock spend path directly into the funding TX This allows the sender to have an unilateral exit right from the start, and he can broadcast the funding TX without communicating with the receiver. In the worst case, the receiver rejects the channel, and the sender can get his money back after the timelock on the output has expired. Everything else basically works in the same way as in the example above.

The beauty about this channel construct is in its simplicity. The drawbacks are obvious, but they do offer some nice properties that might be useful in certain cases.

One of the major drawbacks of the Spillman-style channels (apart from being unidirectional) is that they expire. This expiry comes with the neat property that neither of the party has to watch the chain for channel closures, and the sender can operate the channel with zero additional state, apart from his private keys. But they do expire. And this can make them quite inflexible. It might work in some contexts, but not so much in others, where time needs to be more flexible.

This is where Roose-Childs triggered channels come into play.

Roose-Childs triggered channel

(I gave it that name, named after nostr:npub148jz5r9xujcjpqygk69yl4jqwjqmzgrqly26plktfjy8g4t7xaysj9xhgp and nostr:npub1htnhsay5dmq3r72tukdw72pduzfdcja0yylcajuvnc2uklkhxp8qnz3qac . If someone knows if this idea has been around before under a different name, please let us know!)

Roose-Childs triggered channels were an idea developed by Steven and Luke at the nostr:npub1yrnuj56rnen08zp2h9h7p74ghgjx6ma39spmpj6w9hzxywutevsst7k5cx unconference. They essentially remove the channel expiry limitation in return for introducing the need for the sender to create a channel backup at the time of channel creation, and for the receiver the need to watch the chain for trigger transactions closing the channel.

They also allow for splicing funds, which can be important for a channel without expiry, allowing the sender to top-up liquidity once it runs out, or for the receiver taking out liquidity from the channel to deploy the funds elsewhere.

Now, let's see how we can build them!

The funding TX actually looks the same as in the first example, and similarly it gets created, but not signed by the sender. Then, sender and receiver both sign the trigger TX. The trigger TX is at the heart of this scheme. It allows both sender and receiver to unilaterally exit the channel by broadcasting it (more on that in a bit).

Once the trigger TX is signed and returned to the sender, the sender can confidently sign and boradcast the funding TX and open the channel. The trigger TX remains off-chain though. Now, to update the channel, the sender can pre-sign transactions in similar fashion to the examples above, but this time, spending the outputs of the unbroadcasted trigger TX. This way, both parties can exit the channel at any time. If the receiver wants to exit, he simply boradcasts the trigger TX and immediately spends its outputs using the latest update TX. If the sender wants to exit he will broadcast the trigger TX and basically force the receivers hand. Either, the receiver will broadcast the latest update TX, or the sender will be able to claim the entire channel balance after the timelock expired.

We can also simplify the receiver's exit path, by the sender pre-signing an additional transaction R exit TX for each update. this way, the receiver only needs to broadcast one transaction instead of two.

As we've mentioned before, there are some different trade-offs for Roose-Childs triggered channels. We introduce some minimal state and liveness requirements, but gain more flexibility.

Ecash to fill in the gaps

(I will assume that the reader knows how ecash mints work. If not, please go check the slides where I go through an explanation)

Essentially, we are trying to get a lightning like experience, without all the lightning complexities and requirements. One big issue with ecash, is that it is fully custodial. If we can offset that risk by holding most of the funds in a self custodial channel, we can have a reasonable trade-off between usability and self custody.

In a system like that, we would essentially turn the banking model onto its head. Where in a traditional bank, the majority of the funds are held in the banks custody, and the user only withdraws into his custody what he needs to transact, in our model the user would hold most funds in his own custody.

If you ask me, this approach makes way more sense. Instead of a custodian, we have turned the "bank" into a service provider.

Let's take a look at how it would work in a more practical sense:

The ecash user would open an unidirectional payment channel to the mint, using one of his on-chain UTXOs. This allows him then to commit incrementally funds into the mints custody, only the amounts for his transactional needs. The mint offers connectivity to the lightning network an handles state and liveness as a service provider.

The ecash user, can remain offline at all times, and his channel funds will always be safe. The mint can only ever claim the balance in the channel via the update TXs. The mint can of course still decide to no longer redeem any ecash, at which point they would have basically stolen the ecash user's transactional balance. At that point, it would probably be best for the ecash user to close his channel, and no longer interact or trust this mint.

Here are some of the most important points of this system summarized:

And that is basically it! I hope you enjoyed this breakdown of Unidirectional payment channel enabled Ecash mints!

If you did, consider leaving me a zap. Also do let me know if this type of breakdown helps you understand a new topic well. I am considering doing similar breakdowns on other systems, such as ARK, Lightning or Statechains, if there is a lot of interest, and it helps people, I'll do it!

Pleas also let me know what you think about the unidirectional channel - ecash mint idea in the comments. It's kind of a new idea, an it probably has flaws, or things that we haven't thought about yet. I'd love to discuss it with you!

I'll leave you with this final slide:

Cheers,

Gandlaf

@ fd208ee8:0fd927c1

E-cash are coupons or tokens for Bitcoin, or Bitcoin debt notes that the mint issues. The e-cash states, essentially, "IoU 2900 sats".

They're redeemable for Bitcoin on Lightning (hard money), and therefore can be used as cash (softer money), so long as the mint has a good reputation. That means that they're less fungible than Lightning because the e-cash from one mint can be more or less valuable than the e-cash from another. If a mint is buggy, offline, or disappears, then the e-cash is unreedemable.

It also means that e-cash is more anonymous than Lightning, and that the sender and receiver's wallets don't need to be online, to transact. Nutzaps now add the possibility of parking transactions one level farther out, on a relay. The same relays that cannot keep npub profiles and follow lists consistent will now do monetary transactions.

What we then have is * a transaction on a relay that triggers * a transaction on a mint that triggers * a transaction on Lightning that triggers * a transaction on Bitcoin.

Which means that every relay that stores the nuts is part of a wildcat banking system. Which is fine, but relay operators should consider whether they wish to carry the associated risks and liabilities. They should also be aware that they should implement the appropriate features in their relay, such as expiration tags (nuts rot after 2 weeks), and to make sure that only expired nuts are deleted.

There will be plenty of specialized relays for this, so don't feel pressured to join in, and research the topic carefully, for yourself.

https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/60.md https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/61.md

@ b8af284d:f82c91dd

Liebe Abonnenten,

Februar war ein eher unerfreulicher Monat - zumindest für alle Bitcoin-, Crypto- und Tech-Investoren. Die schlechte Nachricht: Es könnte noch etwa zwei Wochen so weitergehen. Die gute: danach wird es aufwärtsgehen. Wir schauen uns das im folgenden gleich genauer an. Die Strategie, die meiste Zeit über relativ viel Cash zu halten (zwischen zehn und 15 Prozent) zahlt sich in solchen Phasen übrigens aus. BlingBling sieht solche Crashs recht entspannt, und kann diese zum günstigen Einkaufen nutzen.

Doch zunächst zur Frage, warum es eigentlich so abwärts ging. Am 22.2. wurde die Crypto-Börse Bybit gehackt. Anscheinend hat eine nordkoreanische Hacker-Gruppe Ethereum im Wert von knapp 1,5 Milliarden US-Dollar gestohlen. Bybit ging zwar vorbildlich mit dem Desaster um - vielen Crypto-Neulingen, die erst Ende vergangenen Jahres eingestiegen waren, dürfte es ein Schock gewesen sein. “Not your keys, not your coins” muss immer wieder neu gelernt werden.

Buy the rumour, sell the news - die aktuelle Nachrichtenlage für Bitcoin und Crypto könnte eigentlich nicht besser sein. Der Präsident der größten Volkswirtschaft der Welt setzt auf Deregulierung der Branche, Microstrategy kauft weiter wie irre, ETFs genehmigt, Angebots-Knappheit durch Halving etc. Das Problem ist nur, dass Kurse meistens dann steigen, wenn es Gerüchte über gute Nachrichten gibt. Sind die guten Nachrichten eingetroffen, ist alles eingepreist. Für einen neuen Kursanstieg braucht es also auch neue Fantasien. Oder einfach nur Geld, sprich Liquidität. Und das führt zum imho wichtigsten Grund für die aktuelle Schwäche und den guten Nachrichten:

Der Kurs von Bitcoin ist der Gradmesser dafür, wie viel Geld sich im System befindet. Nicht immer, aber sehr oft, reagiert der Kurs mit etwas Verzögerung auf Änderungen der Liquidität. Die befand sich seit Ende des Jahres im Rückgang. Mittlerweile steigt sie wieder und Bitcoin hat Aufholbedarf. (Es gibt unterschiedliche Meinungen darüber, wie man M2 berechnet, und die aussagekräftig dies ist. Insofern sollte man sie als eine von vielen Indikatoren nutzen).

Ein wichtiger Termin ist der 14. März. An diesem Tag wird entschieden, ob die Schuldenobergrenze der USA angehoben wird. Bisher haben sich Republikaner und Demokraten nach einigen Querelen immer darauf geeinigt. Ob es dieses Mal wieder so kommt, oder ob Trump und Musk im Rahmen von DOGE sogar einem Shutdown gar nicht so abgeneigt sind, wird sich zeigen.

Mitte April müssen in den USA außerdem Steuern gezahlt werden. Da die Kapitalerträge im vergangenen Jahr aufgrund der Rally in Tech-Aktien, Bitcoin und im S\&P hoch sind, dürfte einiges Kapital abfließen. Demnach könnte es also noch ein paar Wochen dauern, bis die Märkte wieder deutlich anziehen. Und vielleicht kommt die Liquidität dieses Mal auch nicht aus den USA, sondern aus Asien:

"China plans to to inject at least 400 billion yuan in three of its biggest banks in coming months, following through on a broad stimulus package unveiled last year to shore up the struggling economy."

Ein weiterer bullisher Termin ist der 7. März. An diesem Tag findet der “Crypto Summit” im Weißen Haus statt. Es ist das erste Treffen dieser Art und ein möglicher Katalysator für positive Überraschungen.

Ungewöhnlich ist der Kurssturz übrigens nicht. In allen großen Bull-Märkten ging es zwischenzeitlich sogar weitaus tiefer.

\ BlingBling nutzt solche Phasen deswegen zum Nachkaufen.

Was genau, darüber geht es hinter der Paywall. Falls Du Dir noch unsicher bist: Du kannst auch für sieben Euro ein Monats-Abo abschließen und erhältst damit Zugang zu allen vorherigen Reports. Hier geht es rüber zu blingbling.substack.com

@ 6327513c:71cd9b5e

maybe they want to delete this

@ 9ea10fd4:011d3b15

(Le français suit) Scott Ritter discusses Trump’s willingness to end the war in Ukraine, highlighting his desire for peace (although other analysts suggest that the United States is shifting its strategic focus toward China).

Ritter claims that the United States could consider leaving NATO by the end of the summer but provides no explanation. The U.S. takes a utilitarian approach toward its allies. Ritter believes that, unlike the Democrats, Trump does not align with the military-industrial complex. He is seen as an outsider to this complex, seeking to shift American policy toward trade and the economy rather than militarism (however, military spending increased during his first term). This complex, which developed during World War II and the Cold War, has an increasing need for conflicts to sustain itself, potentially leading to nuclear war.

Europe, under U.S. influence, is compared to a Frankenstein’s monster—believing it is America’s ally while actually being a replaceable tool. A global transition is underway, marked by closer ties between the U.S., Russia, China, and India, excluding Europe for ideological and practical reasons—if I understand correctly, because it is characterized as knowing only war (I note that European diplomacy has recently turned toward India as an alternative to the U.S. and China). This shift, as described by Ritter, could signify the end of the transatlantic order.

Obstacles remain for Trump, notably the issue of Gaza, which is complicated by pressure from the pro-Israel lobby and the positioning of Arab countries.

Finally, it is suggested that Trump might want to reduce the size of the military and rethink the role of the United Nations, seen as a legacy of past conflicts—an intriguing idea but not fully developed.

**

“In this perspective, Trump’s imposition of tariffs would serve as a key element of a strategy aimed at prioritizing the economy over militarism, marginalizing Europe while fostering pragmatic ties with powers like Russia and China, and redefining American power in a post-transatlantic world. This would reflect a break from the military-industrial complex and a utilitarian view of international relations, where tariffs replace tanks as tools of domination or negotiation. However, their success would depend on Trump’s ability to navigate internal pressures (the pro-Israel lobby) and external reactions (from trade partners).” (Grok 3 Beta)

(On Telegram) FIRST IMPRESSION ON TRUMP ZELENSKY FIASCO Interview for India & Global Left

---

Scott Ritter évoque la volonté de Trump de mettre fin à la guerre en Ukraine, soulignant son désir de paix (cela bien que d’autres analystes disent que les États-Unis sont en train de réorienter leur stratégie vers la Chine).

Ritter avance que les États-Unis pourraient envisager de quitter l’OTAN d’ici à la fin de l’été mais ne fournit aucune explication. Les États-Unis adoptent une approche utilitaire vis-à-vis de leurs alliés. Ritter estime que Trump ne se positionne pas en faveur du complexe militaro-industriel, contrairement aux démocrates. Trump est perçu comme un acteur extérieur à ce complexe, cherchant à réorienter la politique américaine vers le commerce et l’économie plutôt que le militarisme (cependant les dépenses militaires avaient augmenté lors de son premier mandat). Ce complexe, qui s'est développé pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et la guerre froide, a un besoin croissant de conflits pour perdurer, menant éventuellement à une guerre nucléaire.

L’Europe, sous l’influence des États-Unis, est comparée à un monstre de Frankenstein, croyant être l’alliée des États-Unis alors qu’elle n’est qu’un outil remplaçable. Une transition mondiale est en cours, marquée par un rapprochement entre les États-Unis, la Russie, la Chine et l’Inde, en excluant l’Europe pour des raisons idéologiques et pratiques si j’ai bien compris, car elle est caractérisée comme ne connaissant que la guerre (je remarque que la diplomatie européenne s'est récemment tournée vers l'Inde présentée comme une alternative aux États-Unis et à Chine). Ce changement tel que décrit par Ritter pourrait signifier la fin de l’ordre transatlantique.

Des obstacles subsisteraient pour Trump, notamment la question de Gaza, compliquée par les pressions exercées par le lobby pro-Israël et le positionnement des pays arabes.

Enfin, il est suggéré que Trump pourrait vouloir réduire la taille de l’armée et repenser le rôle des Nations Unies, perçues comme un héritage des conflits passés, une idée suggestive mais peu développée.

**

« Dans cette perspective, l’imposition de tarifs douaniers par Trump s’insérerait comme une pièce maîtresse d’une stratégie visant à privilégier l’économie sur le militarisme, à marginaliser l’Europe tout en se rapprochant de puissances comme la Russie ou la Chine sur des bases pragmatiques, et à redéfinir la puissance américaine dans un monde post-transatlantique. Cela refléterait une rupture avec le complexe militaro-industriel et une vision utilitaire des relations internationales, où les tarifs remplacent les tanks comme outils de domination ou de négociation. Toutefois, leur succès dépendrait de la capacité de Trump à naviguer entre des pressions internes (lobby pro-Israël) et externes (réactions des partenaires commerciaux). » (Grok 3 bêta)

(Sur Telegram) FIRST IMPRESSION ON TRUMP ZELENSKY FIASCO Interview for India & Global Left

@ 220522c2:61e18cb4

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ

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@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

intro

The Russian state made me a Bitcoiner. In 1991, it devalued my grandmother's hard-earned savings. She worked tirelessly in the kitchen of a dining car on the Moscow–Warsaw route. Everything she had saved for my sister and me to attend university vanished overnight. This story is similar to what many experienced, including Wences Casares. The pain and injustice of that time became my first lessons about the fragility of systems and the value of genuine, incorruptible assets, forever changing my perception of money and my trust in government promises.

In 2014, I was living in Moscow, running a trading business, and frequently traveling to China. One day, I learned about the Cypriot banking crisis and the possibility of moving money through some strange thing called Bitcoin. At the time, I didn’t give it much thought. Returning to the idea six months later, as a business-oriented geek, I eagerly began studying the topic and soon dove into it seriously.

I spent half a year reading articles on a local online journal, BitNovosti, actively participating in discussions, and eventually joined the editorial team as a translator. That’s how I learned about whitepapers, decentralization, mining, cryptographic keys, and colored coins. About Satoshi Nakamoto, Silk Road, Mt. Gox, and BitcoinTalk. Over time, I befriended the journal’s owner and, leveraging my management experience, later became an editor. I was drawn to the crypto-anarchist stance and commitment to decentralization principles. We wrote about the economic, historical, and social preconditions for Bitcoin’s emergence, and it was during this time that I fully embraced the idea.

It got to the point where I sold my apartment and, during the market's downturn, bought 50 bitcoins, just after the peak price of $1,200 per coin. That marked the beginning of my first crypto winter. As an editor, I organized workflows, managed translators, developed a YouTube channel, and attended conferences in Russia and Ukraine. That’s how I learned about Wences Casares and even wrote a piece about him. I also met Mikhail Chobanyan (Ukrainian exchange Kuna), Alexander Ivanov (Waves project), Konstantin Lomashuk (Lido project), and, of course, Vitalik Buterin. It was a time of complete immersion, 24/7, and boundless hope.

After moving to the United States, I expected the industry to grow rapidly, attended events, but the introduction of BitLicense froze the industry for eight years. By 2017, it became clear that the industry was shifting toward gambling and creating tokens for the sake of tokens. I dismissed this idea as unsustainable. Then came a new crypto spring with the hype around beautiful NFTs – CryptoPunks and apes.

I made another attempt – we worked on a series called Digital Nomad Country Club, aimed at creating a global project. The proceeds from selling images were intended to fund the development of business tools for people worldwide. However, internal disagreements within the team prevented us from completing the project.

With Trump’s arrival in 2025, hope was reignited. I decided that it was time to create a project that society desperately needed. As someone passionate about history, I understood that destroying what exists was not the solution, but leaving everything as it was also felt unacceptable. You can’t destroy the system, as the fiery crypto-anarchist voices claimed.

With an analytical mindset (IQ 130) and a deep understanding of the freest societies, I realized what was missing—not only in Russia or the United States but globally—a Bitcoin-native system for tracking debts and financial interactions. This could return control of money to ordinary people and create horizontal connections parallel to state systems. My goal was to create, if not a Bitcoin killer app, then at least to lay its foundation.

At the inauguration event in New York, I rediscovered the Nostr project. I realized it was not only technologically simple and already quite popular but also perfectly aligned with my vision. For the past month and a half, using insights and experience gained since 2014, I’ve been working full-time on this project.

@ 401014b3:59d5476b

Alright, football freaks, it’s March 2025, and we’re slinging some half-baked AFC East predictions like it’s a tailgate wing-eating contest. Free agency’s a madhouse, the draft’s a blind stab, and this division’s always a mix of fireworks and faceplants. The Bills ran the show in 2024, the Dolphins teased us, the Jets are jetting Rodgers out the door, and the Pats have a new sheriff in town. Let’s slap records on this chaos and see who’s got the cajones to take the crown. Strap in—this one’s a banger.

Buffalo Bills: 12-5 – Josh Allen’s Reign of Pain

The Bills owned the AFC East in 2024, and 2025’s looking like a victory lap. Josh Allen’s a goddamn force of nature—cannon arm, truck-stick legs—and he’s got James Cook tearing up the ground game even without a stud WR1. That O-line’s a top-10 crew, and the defense, despite some roster churn, still hits hard with Greg Rousseau leading the charge. Free agency might nibble at the edges—Matt Milano’s return could be clutch—but this squad’s a bully. 12-5’s the vibe, division locked up again. Good luck stopping ‘em.

Miami Dolphins: 9-8 – Tua’s Hot-and-Cold Hustle

The Dolphins are the AFC East’s rollercoaster—thrilling ‘til they puke. Tua Tagovailoa’s slinging to Tyreek Hill and Jaylen Waddle, but that O-line’s still a question mark, and they fold like lawn chairs in December. The defense stepped up in 2024 with Jalen Ramsey locking down receivers, but free agency could sting—Jaelan Phillips might chase a bag elsewhere. If Tua stays healthy and the core holds, 9-8’s on the table. Wildcard’s their best shot—Buffalo’s still the big brother they can’t shake.

New York Jets: 8-9 – New QB, Same Jets Jinx

The Jets are ditching Aaron Rodgers—old man’s outta here—and rolling with a new QB (TBD, but let’s say a rookie or a vet like Tyrod Taylor for kicks). Garrett Wilson and Breece Hall are studs, but that O-line’s a disaster, and the defense might take a hit if Sauce Gardner starts sniffing bigger paychecks. New coach, fresh start, same Jets curse? They’ve got enough talent to flirt with 8-9, maybe sniff a wildcard if the QB doesn’t totally tank. Still feels like classic Jets—almost there, never quite.

New England Patriots: 5-12 – Vrabel’s Rough Rebuild

The Pats are a work in progress, but Mike Vrabel’s the new head honcho, and that’s worth a damn shout. The ex-Titans tough guy’s got Drake Maye at QB—bright future, brutal present. 2025’s gonna be a grind; Maye’s taking rookie lumps behind a shaky O-line with no real weapons to speak of. Christian Gonzalez is a lockdown corner, but the defense ain’t what it was without Belichick’s wizardry. Vrabel’s a culture guy—he’ll keep ‘em scrappy—but 5-12’s the reality. They’re building, not winning, in Foxboro this year.

The Final Buzzer

The AFC East in 2025 is Buffalo’s playground with a dash of dysfunction. The Bills (12-5) snag the crown because Josh Allen’s a beast, the Dolphins (9-8) tease a wildcard, the Jets (8-9) stumble sans Rodgers, and the Pats (5-12) grit it out under Vrabel. That’s 34 wins, 34 losses—math’s tight when you factor in the division’s slugfest with the NFL’s other suckers. Free agency’s the X-factor—lose a star, you’re screwed; snag a gem, you’re golden. Yell at me on X when I botch this, but for now, this is my story, and I’m sticking to it. Let’s ride, degenerates.

@ f3873798:24b3f2f3

A crise financeira no Brasil já não é apenas um problema macroeconômico debatido por especialistas. Em pequenas cidades do interior, o colapso já é uma realidade visível e dolorosa. A falta de infraestrutura, a economia frágil baseada quase exclusivamente na administração pública e a corrupção generalizada criam um cenário de completo abandono econômico.

O Peso da Administração Pública na Economia Local

Em muitas dessas cidades, a economia gira em torno dos funcionários públicos e prestadores de serviço da prefeitura. Com a falta de repasses e atrasos nos pagamentos, esses trabalhadores perdem poder de compra, o que afeta diretamente o comércio local. Sem dinheiro circulando, os pequenos negócios entram em crise, resultando em demissões e falências.

Corrupção e Desgoverno: A Receita para o Caos

A combinação de corrupção municipal e desgoverno federal agrava ainda mais a situação. Enquanto políticos desviam recursos e tomam decisões irresponsáveis, a população sofre com a falta de investimentos essenciais. Atrasos salariais, contratos não pagos e uma gestão financeira caótica fazem com que o colapso se torne inevitável em algumas regiões.

O Retorno do "Fiado" e o Crescimento do Endividamento

Com o dinheiro escasso, muitas pessoas recorrem ao fiado – prática comum em tempos de crise, mas que coloca comerciantes em risco. O aumento do endividamento das famílias e a incerteza sobre o futuro econômico levam a um ciclo vicioso de inadimplência e falências.

A situação exige atenção e medidas urgentes. Enquanto a população luta para sobreviver, a classe política continua a ignorar os sinais do desastre iminente. O colapso financeiro não é mais um cenário hipotético – ele já está acontecendo, e quem mais sofre são as cidades pequenas, onde a economia se sustenta sobre bases frágeis e vulneráveis.

@ 1c197b12:242e1642

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Article. I. Section. 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Section. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.

Section. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.

No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.

The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.

Section. 4. The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.

Section. 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.

Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.

Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.

Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

Section. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.

No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.

Section. 7. All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.

Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.

Section. 8. The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;

To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;

To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;

To establish Post Offices and post Roads;

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;

To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

To provide and maintain a Navy;

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;—And

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Section. 9. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.

No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.

No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

Section. 10. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.

No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.

Article. II. Section. 1. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President.

The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.

No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.

In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them.

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:—"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."

Section. 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.

He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.

Section. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.

Section. 4. The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

Article. III. Section. 1. The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

Section. 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;—to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;—to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;—to Controversies between two or more States;— between a State and Citizens of another State,—between Citizens of different States,—between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.

The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.

Section. 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.

The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.

Article. IV. Section. 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.

Section. 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.

A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.

Section. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.

The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.

Section. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

Article. V. The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

Article. VI. All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

Article. VII. The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

The Word, "the," being interlined between the seventh and eighth Lines of the first Page, The Word "Thirty" being partly written on an Erazure in the fifteenth Line of the first Page, The Words "is tried" being interlined between the thirty second and thirty third Lines of the first Page and the Word "the" being interlined between the forty third and forty fourth Lines of the second Page.

Attest William Jackson Secretary

done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independance of the United States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names,

@ e3ba5e1a:5e433365

My favorite line in any Marvel movie ever is in “Captain America.” After Captain America launches seemingly a hopeless assault on Red Skull’s base and is captured, we get this line:

“Arrogance may not be a uniquely American trait, but I must say, you do it better than anyone.”

Yesterday, I came across a comment on the song Devil Went Down to Georgia that had a very similar feel to it:

America has seemingly always been arrogant, in a uniquely American way. Manifest Destiny, for instance. The rest of the world is aware of this arrogance, and mocks Americans for it. A central point in modern US politics is the deriding of racist, nationalist, supremacist Americans.

That’s not what I see. I see American Arrogance as not only a beautiful statement about what it means to be American. I see it as an ode to the greatness of humanity in its purest form.

For most countries, saying “our nation is the greatest” is, in fact, twinged with some level of racism. I still don’t have a problem with it. Every group of people should be allowed to feel pride in their accomplishments. The destruction of the human spirit since the end of World War 2, where greatness has become a sin and weakness a virtue, has crushed the ability of people worldwide to strive for excellence.

But I digress. The fears of racism and nationalism at least have a grain of truth when applied to other nations on the planet. But not to America.

That’s because the definition of America, and the prototype of an American, has nothing to do with race. The definition of Americanism is freedom. The founding of America is based purely on liberty. On the God-given rights of every person to live life the way they see fit.

American Arrogance is not a statement of racial superiority. It’s barely a statement of national superiority (though it absolutely is). To me, when an American comments on the greatness of America, it’s a statement about freedom. Freedom will always unlock the greatness inherent in any group of people. Americans are definitionally better than everyone else, because Americans are freer than everyone else. (Or, at least, that’s how it should be.)

In Devil Went Down to Georgia, Johnny is approached by the devil himself. He is challenged to a ridiculously lopsided bet: a golden fiddle versus his immortal soul. He acknowledges the sin in accepting such a proposal. And yet he says, “God, I know you told me not to do this. But I can’t stand the affront to my honor. I am the greatest. The devil has nothing on me. So God, I’m gonna sin, but I’m also gonna win.”

Libertas magnitudo est

@ 878dff7c:037d18bc

Disclaimer: While I strive for accuracy, remember that political predictions are as reliable as a weather forecast without a window.

Introduction: The Sands of Western Australia Shift

As Western Australians head to the polls on March 8, 2025, the political landscape is poised for potential tremors that could reverberate across the nation. Premier Roger Cook (WA Labor Party), leading the Labor charge, seeks a third consecutive term, while the opposition, led by Libby Mettam (WA Liberal Party), aims to regain lost ground.

The outcome of this state election may offer insights—or at least entertaining speculation—about the forthcoming federal election.

Crystal Ball Predictions: WA's Influence on the Federal Election

1. Labor's Momentum or Moment of Reflection?

Scenario A: Labor Victory in WA

If Premier Cook and his team secure another term, federal Labor might interpret this as a green light, signaling public approval of their policies. This could embolden Prime Minister Anthony Albanese (Parliamentary Profile) to align his federal campaign closely with WA’s successful strategies—perhaps even adopting the state’s beloved quokka as the new party mascot.

Scenario B: Opposition Upset

Conversely, if the opposition manages to dethrone Labor in WA, it could serve as a cautionary tale for the federal party. Such an outcome might prompt Albanese to reassess campaign strategies — lest he find himself writing a concession speech that doubles as a political eulogy for overconfidence.

2. The Teal Factor: Independent Waves

The rise of independent candidates, particularly those with an environmental focus, has been notable. In WA, seats like Curtin have seen strong independent contenders. A successful independent bid in the state election could foreshadow similar movements federally, reminding major parties that voters sometimes prefer their politics à la carte.

3. Policy Bellwethers: Mining, Climate, and Beyond

WA’s economy, heavily reliant on mining, places it at the nexus of debates on environmental policy and economic growth. If WA voters lean towards candidates advocating for sustainable mining practices, it could signal a broader national shift towards balancing economic and environmental concerns.

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Anthony Albanese’s Election Date Dilemma: Factors at Play

Choosing an election date is akin to selecting a ripened avocado—timing is everything. Here’s what might be on the Prime Minister’s mind:

1. Avoiding the WA Election Shadow

With the WA state election on March 8, Albanese would likely avoid calling a federal election too close to this date to prevent voter fatigue. An April 12 election date has been speculated, allowing a respectful distance from the state polls. (News.com.au)

2. Budgetary Considerations: To Table or Not to Table

The federal budget, traditionally delivered in late March, presents a scheduling conundrum. Calling an election before the budget could be perceived as dodging fiscal scrutiny, while delaying until after allows the opposition ample time to critique.

It’s a classic case of "damned if you do, damned if you don’t," much like wearing white to a spaghetti dinner.

3. Natural Events: Cyclone Alfred's Unwanted Cameo

Mother Nature has a penchant for unpredictability. The looming Cyclone Alfred threatens to disrupt parts of Queensland and New South Wales, complicating election logistics. Announcing an election amidst natural disasters could be seen as insensitive—akin to hosting a barbecue during a hailstorm. (ABC News)

4. Polling and Public Sentiment

Recent polls have shown a decline in Albanese’s approval ratings, with the opposition gaining traction. Timing the election to capitalize on any positive swing in public sentiment is crucial. After all, in politics, as in comedy, timing is everything. (The Guardian)

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Conclusion: The Unpredictable Dance of Democracy

While the WA state election offers a glimpse into the political mood, the federal election remains a separate beast, influenced by a myriad of factors—from economic conditions to the whims of the electorate. Anthony Albanese’s decision on when to call the federal election will undoubtedly be a calculated one, aiming to navigate the treacherous waters of public opinion, policy debates, and perhaps the occasional cyclone.

In the end, predicting election outcomes is much like forecasting the weather: despite all the data and models, sometimes you just have to look out the window and hope you brought an umbrella.

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Sources:

1. News.com.au - Speculated April Election Date
2. ABC News - Cyclone Alfred’s Impact on Election Timing
3. The Guardian - Federal Election Updates & Polling Trends
4. Roger Cook - WA Labor
5. Libby Mettam - WA Liberal Party Profile
6. Anthony Albanese - Australian Labor Party Profile

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers!

It's Monday so we're back doing "Meta Music Mondays" 😉.

From before the territory existed there was just one post a week in a ~meta take over. Now each month we have a different theme and bring music from that theme.

This month is March and we're doing March Madness. So give me those Wacky and Weird crazy artists and songs. The weirder the better!

Let's have fun.

I give you, the Wurzels.

https://youtu.be/A0zxE0SUG1c?si=JRoYomdjhv7json4

Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/902987

@ 22050dd3:480c11ea

Education is foundational to growth and prosperity in a community.

It is not easy for people to engage with and interact with the foundational idea of a community when they do not understand it.

Unsurprisingly, BTC Isla is built around Bitcoin, which not many people understand.

However, on the tiny island of Isla Mujeres, that is changing one class at a time.

### Education Is Essential

At the center of each Bitcoin circular economy around the globe is the ethos that education is paramount to adoption and the overall success of the community.

This is no different with BTC Isla, where Isa teaches Bitcoin classes to the locals on the island.

During my recent stay on the island, I sat in on one of the classes to see what they are and how Isa is spearheading educating the locals.

The Class

Classes take place at the Mayakita restaurant on the southeast side of the island. They last about an hour.

Isa follows the Bitcoin Diploma curriculum created by Mi Primer Bitcoin and teaches the classes in Spanish. I don’t speak Spanish so I couldn’t exactly follow the lesson to a tee, but that wasn’t important as the enthusiasm from Isa and the students was palpable.

On this particular day, there were 4 students present who had attended the classes before, and one new student.

It was exciting and fun to see this timid teenager walk into the restaurant who hadn’t the slightest idea of what Bitcoin was. Isa welcomed her with open arms and threw her right into the thick of it.

She seemed to learn a lot and have her interest piqued and afterward told me that she enjoyed the class and would be returning.

Another student and member of the community has begun their Bitcoin journey, very exciting!

I understood the lesson (Isa’s activity with the markerboard helped!) to be primarily about inflation and the scarcity and divisibility properties of Bitcoin.

I always enjoy seeing how people react when they learn about inflation and how Bitcoin is different and why it is a solution.

### Paid To Attend Classes?

At the end of each class, something strange occurs: Isa pays the students sats for attending the class!

She surprised me before the lesson by telling me she does this, but her reason for doing it makes sense.

The locals on the island live a completely different life than ours in the United States. The concept of saving and putting away money for the sake of building savings doesn’t exist. When money plays a purely transactional role in life, the store-of-value characteristic isn’t important let alone thought about.

Paying the students to attend the classes does 2 things:

• It allows the students to begin to build savings in bitcoin as well as interact with and use their money and have real experience with the very thing they’re learning about
• It creates an additional incentive for the students to attend the classes

While yes, it is strange to monetarily incentivize people to attend a class, it makes sense when you realize that the locals need a reason to actually be interested in and learn about Bitcoin.

The normal interest and entry points to Bitcoin as an investment that we use in the United States and Europe aren’t applicable.

However, despite the students being paid to attend the classes, they all seemed genuinely interested in the lesson and learning about Bitcoin. They were all attentive to Isa, taking notes and staying engaged. They cared about the subject.

### Future Classes

Isa, myself, and a few others were discussing field-trip ideas for future classes, and in the future Isa will take the class to the streets of Isla Mujeres!

She will give the students sats with the implication that they need to spend them on goods at the bitcoin-accepting merchants downtown. By doing this, bitcoin injects itself into the economy and perhaps more importantly, the students get experience transacting with bitcoin in the real world!

Nostr: BTCIsla

Website: btcisla.xyz

@ c4b5369a:b812dbd6

Unidirectional payment channels revisited

Nodeless lightning - Reduce ecash mints custodial risk

---

Sats N Facts

The nostr:npub1yrnuj56rnen08zp2h9h7p74ghgjx6ma39spmpj6w9hzxywutevsst7k5cx unconference has just wrapped up. And what a blast it was. In the heart of northern Thailand, developers, researchers, content creators and more, came together to share ideas on how Bitcoin, Nostr and other free protocols are being used everyday to liberate people.

Not only were stories shared from different community leaders on how embracing bitcoin has empowered them and their communities, but a big goal of the unconference was to bring bitcoin engineers and developers from various domains together in one room, unstructured, chaotic, and let them do their thing.

At first, I thought not having a schedule might be boring, but oh boy was I wrong. There was so much stuff going on, it was hard to choose which session I would have to miss!

Luke's Spillman channel proposal

One of the sessions I definitely did not want to miss, was nostr:npub1htnhsay5dmq3r72tukdw72pduzfdcja0yylcajuvnc2uklkhxp8qnz3qac s proposal

Ecash mints funded with Spillman channels: The ultimate nodeless Lightning wallet

.

In true unconference fashion, he announced in the main room that the session was about to start, and that the people that are interested should meet him in the whiteboard corner in 10 minutes. The corner was packed, and Luke explained his proposal.

What's a "Spillman channel"?

Essentially when we are talking about Spillman channels, what is meant are unidirectional payment channels (or CLTV-style channels). An unidirectional payment channel means, only one party can send payments, but not receive, and the other party can only receive, but not send. They also expire after a predetermined amount of time, and must be closed.

At first glance, this might look kinda stupid. After all, we have Poon-Dryja channels that are powering the lightning network. They are bi-directional, do not expire, and can be used to shuffle coins back and forth theorethically an unlimited amount of times.

So, why bother with this stupid one-way channel?

Simplicity is king

People that have worked with lightning channels can sing you a song about complexity, state handling and risks about the current state of bidirectional payment channels. Essentially, There are a lot of requirements on both channel parties when it comes to Liveness (being online) and also state handling (continuous backups). In some cases, especially when in the context of end-users wanting to perform payments on their mobile phone, they would appreciate it if there was not so much complexity and overhead involved.

The gist of the idea is to combine unidirectional channels and ecash mints to achieve the following:

A self custodial unidirectional payment channel to an ecash mint, massively reducing the senders liveness and state handling requirements when compared to a lightning channel. Sending payments through the mint will be done through swapping some of the channel balance for ecash tokens. At this point, the user is trusting the mint to honor the redemption of these tokens, while the remaining channel balance remains in self custody. This gives them better controll over their funds than just holding their entire balance custodied in the mint. The ecash tokens can then be redeemed to pay a lightning invoice, just the same as it is done now with normal cashu mints.

So this channel, that has no liveness or state management requirements for the sender, and must have a pre-defined close time, seems to be a perfect fit for the following usecase:

1. A sender receives his salary once a month. He opens a channel that is valid for one month.
2. The sender then can do his daily spending over this channel. He only trusts the mint with the amount for the current outgoing payment while it is swapped for ecash, waiting for redemption.
3. If the sender must receive funds (a refund for example), he can do so into the mints custody, by receiving ecash. He can spend his ecash funds first when doing his next payment, to reduce his custodial exposure.
4. When the channel expires, or runs out of funds, the mint closes the channel.

From a consumer perspective, that just want to receive his salary and make frequent payments afterwards, this usecase seems to make a lot of sense. Obviously from a merchants perspective on the other hand, such a channel doesn't really work. But that's fine, it's not the problem we're trying to solve here.

What do you think of this idea? Be sure to let me know in the comments!

In the next article, we will dive into how such a system can be implemented today, using Bitcoin, Cashu and Lightning. We will also discover how the system can be improved, to make channels non-expiring (A collaborative idea between nostr:npub148jz5r9xujcjpqygk69yl4jqwjqmzgrqly26plktfjy8g4t7xaysj9xhgp and nostr:npub1htnhsay5dmq3r72tukdw72pduzfdcja0yylcajuvnc2uklkhxp8qnz3qac born at nostr:npub1yrnuj56rnen08zp2h9h7p74ghgjx6ma39spmpj6w9hzxywutevsst7k5cx ).

So stay tuned!

@ daa41bed:88f54153

There has been a good bit of discussion on Nostr over the past few days about the merits of zaps as a method of engaging with notes, so after writing a rather lengthy article on the pros of a strategic Bitcoin reserve, I wanted to take some time to chime in on the much more fun topic of digital engagement.

Let's begin by defining a couple of things:

Nostr is a decentralized, censorship-resistance protocol whose current biggest use case is social media (think Twitter/X). Instead of relying on company servers, it relies on relays that anyone can spin up and own their own content. Its use cases are much bigger, though, and this article is hosted on my own relay, using my own Nostr relay as an example.

Zap is a tip or donation denominated in sats (small units of Bitcoin) sent from one user to another. This is generally done directly over the Lightning Network but is increasingly using Cashu tokens. For the sake of this discussion, how you transmit/receive zaps will be irrelevant, so don't worry if you don't know what Lightning or Cashu are.

If we look at how users engage with posts and follows/followers on platforms like Twitter, Facebook, etc., it becomes evident that traditional social media thrives on engagement farming. The more outrageous a post, the more likely it will get a reaction. We see a version of this on more visual social platforms like YouTube and TikTok that use carefully crafted thumbnail images to grab the user's attention to click the video. If you'd like to dive deep into the psychology and science behind social media engagement, let me know, and I'd be happy to follow up with another article.

In this user engagement model, a user is given the option to comment or like the original post, or share it among their followers to increase its signal. They receive no value from engaging with the content aside from the dopamine hit of the original experience or having their comment liked back by whatever influencer they provide value to. Ad revenue flows to the content creator. Clout flows to the content creator. Sales revenue from merch and content placement flows to the content creator. We call this a linear economy -- the idea that resources get created, used up, then thrown away. Users create content and farm as much engagement as possible, then the content is forgotten within a few hours as they move on to the next piece of content to be farmed.

What if there were a simple way to give value back to those who engage with your content? By implementing some value-for-value model -- a circular economy. Enter zaps.

Unlike traditional social media platforms, Nostr does not actively use algorithms to determine what content is popular, nor does it push content created for active user engagement to the top of a user's timeline. Yes, there are "trending" and "most zapped" timelines that users can choose to use as their default, but these use relatively straightforward engagement metrics to rank posts for these timelines.

That is not to say that we may not see clients actively seeking to refine timeline algorithms for specific metrics. Still, the beauty of having an open protocol with media that is controlled solely by its users is that users who begin to see their timeline gamed towards specific algorithms can choose to move to another client, and for those who are more tech-savvy, they can opt to run their own relays or create their own clients with personalized algorithms and web of trust scoring systems.

Zaps enable the means to create a new type of social media economy in which creators can earn for creating content and users can earn by actively engaging with it. Like and reposting content is relatively frictionless and costs nothing but a simple button tap. Zaps provide active engagement because they signal to your followers and those of the content creator that this post has genuine value, quite literally in the form of money—sats.

I have seen some comments on Nostr claiming that removing likes and reactions is for wealthy people who can afford to send zaps and that the majority of people in the US and around the world do not have the time or money to zap because they have better things to spend their money like feeding their families and paying their bills. While at face value, these may seem like valid arguments, they, unfortunately, represent the brainwashed, defeatist attitude that our current economic (and, by extension, social media) systems aim to instill in all of us to continue extracting value from our lives.

Imagine now, if those people dedicating their own time (time = money) to mine pity points on social media would instead spend that time with genuine value creation by posting content that is meaningful to cultural discussions. Imagine if, instead of complaining that their posts get no zaps and going on a tirade about how much of a victim they are, they would empower themselves to take control of their content and give value back to the world; where would that leave us? How much value could be created on a nascent platform such as Nostr, and how quickly could it overtake other platforms?

Other users argue about user experience and that additional friction (i.e., zaps) leads to lower engagement, as proven by decades of studies on user interaction. While the added friction may turn some users away, does that necessarily provide less value? I argue quite the opposite. You haven't made a few sats from zaps with your content? Can't afford to send some sats to a wallet for zapping? How about using the most excellent available resource and spending 10 seconds of your time to leave a comment? Likes and reactions are valueless transactions. Social media's real value derives from providing monetary compensation and actively engaging in a conversation with posts you find interesting or thought-provoking. Remember when humans thrived on conversation and discussion for entertainment instead of simply being an onlooker of someone else's life?

If you've made it this far, my only request is this: try only zapping and commenting as a method of engagement for two weeks. Sure, you may end up liking a post here and there, but be more mindful of how you interact with the world and break yourself from blind instinct. You'll thank me later.

@ 878dff7c:037d18bc

Cyclone Alfred Threatens Southeast Queensland and Northern NSW

### Summary:

Tropical Cyclone Alfred has intensified to a Category 2 storm and is projected to make landfall between late Thursday and early Friday near Brisbane, bringing severe weather conditions to Southeast Queensland and Northern New South Wales. Authorities have issued warnings for heavy rainfall, damaging winds up to 150 km/h, and potential life-threatening flash flooding. Coastal regions are particularly at risk for significant erosion and storm surges, with waves expected to reach up to 10 meters. Residents in low-lying and vulnerable areas are advised to evacuate if instructed and to prepare for possible power outages and service disruptions. Emergency services are on high alert, and preparations are underway to mitigate the cyclone's impact.

Sources: The Guardian - 5 March 2025, Courier Mail - 5 March 2025, News.com.au - 5 March 2025, The Australian - 5 March 2025

Coalition's Proposal to End Remote Work for Public Servants Faces Legal Challenges

Summary:

Opposition Leader Peter Dutton's plan to mandate a full-time return to office for federal public servants encounters significant obstacles. Legal experts suggest that enforcing such a mandate could breach workplace and discrimination laws, especially given existing agreements allowing remote work until 2027. The Community and Public Sector Union and other stakeholders are poised to challenge any unilateral changes. While some argue that remote work decreases productivity, studies indicate that hybrid models can enhance efficiency and employee satisfaction. The debate continues amid broader discussions on workplace flexibility and its implications for productivity. Sources: The Australian - 5 March 2025, News.com.au - 5 March 2025

Australia's GDP Predicted to Surpass RBA's Forecasts

Summary:

Despite recording its largest current account deficit since 2016, Australia has experienced a surge in net exports, driven by temporary tariff agreements with India and stronger commodity prices. This growth has led NAB to revise its December quarter GDP forecast upwards to 0.7%, projecting a 1.4% year-on-year growth, surpassing the RBA's forecast of 1.1%.

Sources: News.com.au - 5th March 2025, Yahoo Finance - 5th March 2025

Legal Action Initiated Over Lack of Recovery Plans for Endangered Species

Summary:

The Wilderness Society has filed a lawsuit against successive Australian federal environment ministers for failing to create mandatory recovery plans for eleven endangered native species, including the greater glider and ghost bat. These plans are essential for outlining actions to prevent extinction. The lawsuit claims the ministers' inaction is unlawful, as very few recovery plans have been completed on time, contributing to species decline. The case seeks to ensure future compliance with environmental laws to improve conservation efforts.

Sources: The Guardian - 5 March 2025

Largest Whooping Cough Epidemic Since Vaccine Introduction in South Australia

### Summary:

South Australia is experiencing its largest whooping cough (pertussis) epidemic since vaccines were introduced, with 1,018 cases reported so far this year compared to 142 the previous year. Nationally, over 41,000 cases have been reported. This surge highlights a critical public health threat, emphasizing the importance of booster shots, especially as one in four adolescents turning 13 in 2023 missed their booster. Sources: The Advertiser - 5 March 2025

Australian Navy and Air Force Monitor Chinese Vessels Off Western Coast

Summary:

On March 4, 2025, three Chinese naval vessels, potentially including a nuclear submarine, were detected southeast of Perth, Western Australia. The Royal Australian Navy and Air Force are actively monitoring the flotilla to ensure compliance with international law and to understand their mission. This surveillance involves the frigates HMAS Warramunga and HMAS Stuart, along with P-8 Poseidon aircraft. Additionally, U.S. and Australian submarines, accompanied by HMAS Hobart, have departed the HMAS Stirling naval base for scheduled training exercises, unrelated to the Chinese presence. The strategic importance of Western Australia is increasing under the AUKUS agreement, positioning it as a pivotal hub for Australian, U.S., and British nuclear submarines. Western Australia Premier Roger Cook emphasized the region's geopolitical sensitivity and the necessity for experienced leadership to navigate these challenges.

Sources: The Australian - March 5, 2025

Australia Considers Deploying Peacekeeping Troops to Ukraine Amid U.S. Aid Suspension

Summary:

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese announced that the government is open to considering the deployment of Australian troops as part of a British-led peacekeeping force in Ukraine. This development follows U.S. President Donald Trump's decision to suspend military aid to Ukraine, pressuring President Volodymyr Zelensky to seek a peace settlement with Russia. Australia has already contributed $1.5 billion in aid to Ukraine, primarily in military assistance. While no formal request has been made, Albanese emphasized Australia's support for Ukraine's sovereignty and indicated readiness to assist. Opposition Leader Peter Dutton opposes deploying Australian troops, suggesting that European nations should assume this responsibility. National security experts have raised concerns about the potential impact on Australia's defense capabilities.

Sources: The Australian - March 5, 2025, The Guardian - March 5, 2025, News.com.au - March 5, 2025

Quantum Computing: Tech Giants Announce New Prototypes Amid Skepticism

### Summary:

Major tech companies, including Google, Amazon, and Microsoft, have unveiled new quantum computing prototypes. Amazon's Ocelot chip reportedly advances error correction and scalability, while Microsoft's Majorana 1 and Google's Willow chips are also highlighted as significant developments. However, experts caution that practical, commercially viable quantum computers may still be a decade or more away due to ongoing challenges like scalability and error correction.

Sources: Business Insider - March 5, 2025

Health Advisory Issued Following Salmon Deaths in Tasmania

### Summary: Biosecurity Tasmania confirmed that the bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis caused a mass mortality event among farmed salmon, posing no threat to native marine species. However, the Department of Health advises against contact with dead fish and discourages swimming in affected areas. Beaches at Verona Sands and Bruny Island have seen salmon remains wash ashore, prompting cleanup efforts and raising environmental concerns among locals. Sources: Herald Sun - 5th March 2025, News.com.au - 5th March 2025

US Halts Military Aid to Ukraine Amid Peace Negotiations

Summary:

The United States has suspended military aid to Ukraine as President Donald Trump seeks to negotiate a peace settlement with Russia. This decision has led to increased tensions between the US and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. The suspension aims to pressure Ukraine into seeking peace, with the US emphasizing the need for partner countries to share this objective. This development has significant implications for international relations and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.

Sources: The Australian - 5 March 2025

@ dc4cd086:cee77c06

Have you ever wanted to learn from lengthy educational videos but found it challenging to navigate through hours of content? Our new tool addresses this problem by transforming long-form video lectures into easily digestible, searchable content.

Key Features:

Video Processing:

• Automatically downloads YouTube videos, transcripts, and chapter information
• Splits transcripts into sections based on video chapters

Content Summarization:

• Utilizes language models to transform spoken content into clear, readable text
• Formats output in AsciiDoc for improved readability and navigation
• Highlights key terms and concepts with [[term]] notation for potential cross-referencing

Diagram Extraction:

• Analyzes video entropy to identify static diagram/slide sections
• Provides a user-friendly GUI for manual selection of relevant time ranges
• Allows users to pick representative frames from selected ranges

Going Forward:

Currently undergoing a rewrite to improve organization and functionality, but you are welcome to try the current version, though it might not work on every machine. Will support multiple open and closed language models for user choice Free and open-source, allowing for personal customization and integration with various knowledge bases. Just because we might not have it on our official Alexandria knowledge base, you are still welcome to use it on you own personal or community knowledge bases! We want to help find connections between ideas that exist across relays, allowing individuals and groups to mix and match knowledge bases between each other, allowing for any degree of openness you care.

While designed with #Alexandria users in mind, it's available for anyone to use and adapt to their own learning needs.

Screenshots

Frame Selection

This is a screenshot of the frame selection interface. You'll see a signal that represents frame entropy over time. The vertical lines indicate the start and end of a chapter. Within these chapters you can select the frames by clicking and dragging the mouse over the desired range where you think diagram is in that chapter. At the bottom is an option that tells the program to select a specific number of frames from that selection.

Diagram Extraction

This is a screenshot of the diagram extraction interface. For every selection you've made, there will be a set of frames that you can choose from. You can select and deselect as many frames as you'd like to save.

Links

• repo: https://github.com/limina1/video_article_converter
• Nostr Apps 101: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Flxa_jkErqE

Output

And now, we have a demonstration of the final result of this tool, with some quick cleaning up. The video we will be using this tool on is titled Nostr Apps 101 by nostr:npub1nxy4qpqnld6kmpphjykvx2lqwvxmuxluddwjamm4nc29ds3elyzsm5avr7 during Nostrasia. The following thread is an analog to the modular articles we are constructing for Alexandria, and I hope it conveys the functionality we want to create in the knowledge space. Note, this tool is the first step! You could use a different prompt that is most appropriate for the specific context of the transcript you are working with, but you can also manually clean up any discrepancies that don't portray the video accurately. You can now view the article on #Alexandria https://next-alexandria.gitcitadel.eu/publication?d=nostr-apps-101

Initially published as chained kind 1's nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzp5r5hd579v2sszvvzfel677c8dxgxm3skl773sujlsuft64c44ncqy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qgwwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkctcpzemhxue69uhhyetvv9ujumt0wd68ytnsw43z7qghwaehxw309aex2mrp0yhxummnw3ezucnpdejz7qgewaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8xmn0wf6zuum0vd5kzmp0qqsxunmjy20mvlq37vnrcshkf6sdrtkfjtjz3anuetmcuv8jswhezgc7hglpn

Or view on Coracle https://coracle.social /nevent1qqsxunmjy20mvlq37vnrcshkf6sdrtkfjtjz3anuetmcuv8jswhezgcppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qgsdqa9md83tz5yqnrqjw07hhkpmfjpkuv9hlh5v8yhu8z274w9dv7qnnq0s3

@ 6e0ea5d6:0327f353

The recipe for the downfall of a relationship is quite simple: marry someone with whom you have nothing in common.

The exotic tends to be attractive, but how many times, in a fine restaurant, has a customer discreetly spat into a napkin what they had just chewed because the eye-catching appearance betrayed them with an unbearable taste?

At the end of a hard day or a week of good results, we simply want to recline in a chair and celebrate in our own way what we have overcome. In the high phase of life, when the days are ripe for harvest, this desire will manifest with even greater intensity. And when your prosperity extends into the shade, and the days grow longer due to idleness, what will the two of you have to talk about?

Will your mentalities align?

Or will this person nestle on your shoulder and pour out a history of degeneration, drinking, parties, and casual relationships, because that is their only life experience?

I do not speak only in the professional sense, but of progress as a whole: when you have overcome your flaws, will you want to share your life with someone who nurtures theirs and takes their own ego as a lover?

Some are lucky to meet during the journey—a great privilege. But in general, the busy ones find each other after the work is done, and it is natural for both to want to enjoy in this peaceful phase what their efforts have granted them. At that moment, being beside someone whose travels or experiences are fresh and well-earned as rewards for their own sacrifices contrasts with sharing life with someone who has already been through it countless times, with the merit of a parasite.

Opportunists and freeloaders exist on both sides. Do not take by the hand someone who is merely waiting for a winner at the finish line. It is easy to appear clean and unscarred when one has not run even a kilometer. Do not be unfair to your lifelong efforts; find someone who represents you in determination, ethics, and principles, and you will multiply your fruits here on Earth. Also, remember that old piece of advice: "be what you seek to have," so that your future demands are not those of a hypocrite.

Thank you for reading, my friend!

If this message resonated with you, consider leaving your "🥃" as a token of appreciation.

A toast to our family!

@ b7a07661:6aeeee04

Voilà une liste non exhaustive des événements francophone consacrés à Bitcoin dans la semaine du 3 au 7 mars 2025. Nous vous recommandons de prendre contact avec les organisateurs sur Telegram ou X pour confirmation de l’horaire et du lieu.

Mardi 4 mars

Rennes : Au Hangar, 1 rue de Dinan à Rennes, à partir de 19h30. En savoir plus : https://x.com/BreizhBitcoin – https://www.breizhbitcoin.com/8-meetups-en-bretagne/ – https://discord.com/invite/gFVe2HcUpw

Poitiers : Au Café des Arts, 5 Place Charles de Gaulle, à partir de 19h30 En savoir plus : https://twitter.com/BTCPoitiers

Mercredi 5 mars

Amiens : A la Station, 7 passage Auguste Perret à Amiens (en face de la gare). A partir de 18h30. En savoir plus : https://t.me/AmiensBitcoinMeetupGroup

Annecy : The Craic, 1 Place Marie Curie. A partir de 19h00. Au programme : Acheter et utiliser vos bitcoins en toute souveraineté. Avec Théo Mogenet. En savoir plus : https://x.com/AnnecyBitcoin – https://t.me/annecybitcoin

Angers : Dans les locaux de Weforge, 25 rue Lenepveu. A partir de 19h00. Au programme : Workshop – Installation d’un Wallet Bitcoin. En savoir plus : t.me/AngersBitcoinMeetup – x.com/AngersBitcoin

Brest : A La Fabrick 1801, 25 rue de Pontaniou, Atelier des Capucins, à partir de 18h30. En savoir plus : https://t.me/BrestBitcoinMeetup – https://twitter.com/brestbitcoin

Caen : Les Relais d’Alsace, 9 Esplanade Léopold Sedar Senghor, à partir de 19h00. En savoir plus : normandiebitcoin.com – discord.gg/42XT34pWb4 – linkedin.com/company/normandiebitcoin – x.com/NormandieBTC – t.me/+X999KCTgP-5lZjg8 – meetup.com/normandiebitcoin

Clermont-Ferrand : Au Halles du Brézet, 10 Rue Jules Verne. A partir de 19h00. En savoir plus : https://t.me/ClermontFerrandBitcoinMeetup – https://x.com/ClermontBitcoin

Dijon : Au bar Monsieur Moutarde, 40 Rue des Forges à Dijon, à partir de 19h30. Programme : Suite de l’atelier multisig pour apprendre à utiliser des wallet Ledger afin de créer un setup de sécurité. En savoir plus : https://t.me/DijonBitcoinMeetup – https://twitter.com/GabToken – https://discord.com/invite/VBAVWCCjkR

Genève : A la Galerie, 13 rue de l’industrie. Beer to beer à partir de 20h00. Au programme : Exploration de Starknet. « Notre intervenant Bachir, développeur sur Starknet, expliquera les principes fondamentaux de ce protocole, son architecture basée sur les preuves de validité (ZK-Rollups), et comment cette technologie pourrait s’intégrer à l’écosystème Bitcoin. Il abordera les défis techniques, les différences avec Ethereum et les perspectives d’un Bitcoin plus scalable grâce aux rollups. » En savoir plus : x.com/BitcoinGenevafr – meetup.com/bitcoin-meetup-geneva – https://t.me/BitcoinGeneva

Lausanne : Au Qwertz Café, 3 Rue de la Grotte, à partir de 19h00. Au programme : Réunion informelle et conviviale, aussi bien pour découvrir le fonctionnement de bitcoin et que pour discuter entre experts. En savoir plus : https://www.meetup.com/fr-FR/bitcoin-lausanne – https://x.com/BitcoinLausanne

Lille : Au Café Oz, The Australian Bar, 33 Pl. Louise de Bettignies, à partir de 19h00. Au programme : Echanges libres entre les différents participants et présentation mensuelle (replay disponible sur youtube) réalisée par un des membres de l’association. En savoir plus : bitcoinlille.fr – t.me/bitcoinlille – meetup.com/fr-FR/bitcoinmeetuplille – x.com/BitcoinLille

Lyon : Au Bouchon Comptoir Brunet, 23 Rue Claudia à partir de 19h00. Au programme : Bières pression (Blonde & surprise), vins locaux, softs, tapas locaux, snacks maison. En savoir plus : https://www.meetup.com/fr-FR/crypto-lyon/ – https://t.me/bitcoinlyon

Mâcon : Au Flunch Mâcon Sud, à partir de 19h30. Au programme : Atelier pratique pour apprendre à créer un portefeuille. En savoir plus : https://x.com/MeetupBTCMacon – https://allo-crypto.com/meetup-bitcoin/ – https://www.facebook.com/groups/maconmeetupbitcoin

Marseille : A partir de 20h00 au 13 boulevard d’Athènes 13001 (après le local syndical F.O., avant la traverse Saint-Dominique). Pour entrer dans le bâtiment, il vous suffira de sonner à l’interphone avec le label « JUST ». Au bout de quelques secondes, la porte s’ouvre. La salle de réception se trouve au rez-de-chaussée, première porte à gauche dans le hall, avec le même label « JUST ». Au programme : Fanis Michalakis parlera de Lightning, de l’USDT qui arrive sur le réseau Bitcoin et des nouveautés côté régulation. En savoir plus : t.me/MarseilleBitcoinMeetup – x.com/MarseilleBTC

Rouen : Au Bar des Fleurs, 36 Place des Carmes, à partir de 19h00. En savoir plus : https://x.com/NormandieBTC – normandiebitcoin.com – t.me/+X999KCTgP-5lZjg8 – meetup.com/normandiebitcoin

Saint Brieuc : Au Makio Bar – 13 impasse Lavoisier, Trégueux, à partir de 19h00. En savoir plus : https://x.com/StBrieucBitcoin

Saint-Lô : Au Bar le NorthWood, 34 Rue du Belle, à partir de 20h00. En savoir plus : https://signal.group/#CjQKIPYUbHyAO2OjdF1BfTD2iDsiJxtrF4QBmr74JAuD8t1PEhCBeWlwDf8e1qvHoStQfqkI – https://x.com/Saint_Lo_BTC

Paris : Au Sof’s Bar, 43 Rue Saint-Sauveur, à partir de 18h00. En savoir plus : meetup.com/fr-FR/Bitcoin-Paris – t.me/ParisCentreBitcoinMeetup – x.com/ParisBTCmeetup

Valence : Au VEX, 811 allée André Revol à Bourg-lès-Valence, à partir de 18h30. En savoir plus : https://x.com/valencebtc – https://t.me/valencebtc

Jeudi 6 mars

Brest : A l’IMT Atlantique, 655 Avenue du Technopôle à Plouzané, de 17h00 à 18h30. Au programme : Alexandre Stachtchenko de Paymium, animera une conférence sur Bitcoin et ses enjeux. En savoir plus : https://lu.ma/gp3xgd72

Nantes : Au Little William, Place St Felix à partir de 19h00. En savoir plus : https://t.me/nantesbitcoinmeetup – https://twitter.com/NantesBitcoin – https://www.facebook.com/people/Nantes-Bitcoin-Meetup/61552725519617/

Saint-Nazaire : Au Jardin d’Asie, 17 Rue du Bois Savary, à partir de 19h00 En savoir plus : https://mobilizon.fr/@saintnazaire_bitcoin – https://signal.group/#CjQKIM24oe8gw83bjJzVUKSOk1dvm_UcxU5K-WaWCYTgQtoOEhBD0Tt84cO0u8Br9ZVy-ZfS – https://x.com/SaintNazaireBTC

Vendredi 7 mars

Saint-Malo : Bar L’Encrier, 2 Passage Grande Hermine, à partir de 18h30. Au programme : Gilles Cadignan de BullBitcoin viendra faire une présentation des services de son entreprise, du portefeuille développé par leurs équipes (qui intègre les swaps vers Lightning et Liquid) ainsi que le concept des Payjoins pour une confidentialité accrue sur les transactions. En savoir plus : https://t.me/SaintMaloBitcoinMeetup – https://www.breizhbitcoin.com/8-meetups-en-bretagne/ – https://twitter.com/stMaloBTCMeetup – https://discord.gg/CwqE5n8UG3

@ 16d11430:61640947

Introduction: The Power of Focused Attention

In an age of distraction, power is not merely held through material wealth, authority, or control over others—it is built through focused attention. The human brain, a complex quantum-biological processor, constructs reality through perception. When harnessed correctly, focused attention allows individuals to transcend limitations, reshape their reality, and live free.

Power, then, is not external—it is a construct supported by the mind and created within the brain. Understanding how this works offers a path to transcendence, autonomy, and liberation from imposed limitations.

The Neuroscience of Focused Attention: Constructing Reality

The brain is a prediction engine, constantly processing information and filtering out irrelevant stimuli. Focused attention directs this process, acting as a spotlight that selects what becomes part of one's conscious experience. This is the fundamental mechanism behind cognitive power.

1. Neuroplasticity: Building Power Through Repetition

The brain adapts to repeated stimuli through neuroplasticity. What one focuses on consistently rewires neural pathways, strengthening certain thoughts, beliefs, and abilities. Over time, this focus builds an internal structure of power—a network of ideas and perceptions that define one’s reality.

If one focuses on problems, they grow.

If one focuses on solutions, they appear.

If one focuses on fear, it shapes perception.

If one focuses on mastery, skills develop.

1. The Quantum Mind: Attention as a Creative Force

Quantum physics suggests that observation influences reality. Just as subatomic particles behave differently when measured, focused attention may act as a force that shapes possibilities into tangible outcomes.

This aligns with the ancient concept that "energy flows where attention goes." What one attends to with intention can manifest as action, opportunity, and ultimately, freedom.

1. The Reticular Activating System (RAS): Filtering Reality

The Reticular Activating System (RAS) in the brainstem acts as a gatekeeper for focus. It determines what information enters conscious awareness. When trained, it can filter out distractions and amplify pathways toward a desired goal.

Want to see opportunities? Program the RAS by setting clear intentions.

Want to break free from limiting beliefs? Train focus away from conditioned fears.

The Mind’s Role: Transcending Limitations

The mind is the interpreter of the brain’s electrical and biochemical activity. While the brain processes raw data, the mind provides meaning. This distinction is crucial because meaning determines how one experiences reality.

1. Breaking Mental Chains: Rewriting Narratives

Most limitations are narratives—stories imposed by culture, society, or personal history. True power lies in rewriting these stories.

Instead of “I am trapped by my circumstances,” shift to “I create my own reality.”

Instead of “I need permission,” shift to “I give myself permission.”

By restructuring meaning, the mind can redefine the limits of what is possible.

1. The Silence Paradox: Accessing Higher States

Silence, both literal and mental, creates space for higher-order thinking. Just as quantum tunneling allows subatomic particles to pass through barriers without energy loss, silence allows the mind to bypass noise and access deeper intelligence.

Meditation, stillness, and solitude amplify internal power.

The ability to not react is a form of control over external influence.

True mastery comes from detachment—engaging the world without being controlled by it.

Transcendence: Living Free Through Mental Autonomy

To transcend means to rise above imposed structures—whether societal, psychological, or energetic. The construct of power built through focused attention allows one to escape control mechanisms and live autonomously.

1. Sovereignty of Mind: Owning One’s Thoughts

A free mind is one that chooses its inputs rather than being programmed by external forces. This requires:

Awareness of mental conditioning (social narratives, propaganda, biases)

Intentional thought selection (curating what enters the mental space)

Guarding attention fiercely (not allowing distraction to hijack focus)

1. Detachment From Control Structures

Society operates on the principle of attention capture—through media, politics, and algorithms that direct thought patterns. Escaping these requires detachment.

Do not react emotionally to fear-based programming.

Cultivate independent thought by questioning imposed narratives.

Reduce external noise to amplify internal wisdom.

1. The Flow State: Moving Beyond Constraints

When focus is refined to its highest degree, one enters flow state—a condition where action and awareness merge, and limitations dissolve.

In flow, work becomes effortless.

Creativity becomes boundless.

Freedom becomes not just a philosophy, but a lived experience.

Conclusion: The Mind as the Ultimate Key to Freedom

Power is not an external possession—it is the ability to direct one’s own focus. Through the interplay of brain function, cognitive attention, and mental discipline, one constructs personal sovereignty. The individual who masters focus, controls reality.

Freedom is not given. It is built—through attention, intention, and an unwavering commitment to mental autonomy.

@ 9ea10fd4:011d3b15

(Le français suit) I have the feeling of two brothers trying to remove the speck from each other’s eye but failing to see the beam in their own.

1. To liberal democracies, I say: The war in Ukraine, led by NATO, is a bad war that could have easily been avoided and would not have happened if NATO had respected the logic that applies to a country like Ukraine, adjacent to a great power, Russia. As a counterexample, would the United States accept a Russian or allied military presence on the Mexican border? It is so obvious that denying it is pure bad faith. I will not shed tears over your graves.

2. To the populist far-right, I say: To borrow the words of Le Monde’s editorial, too often, the denunciation of attacks on freedom of expression serves to mask the defense of the economic model of social media platforms owned by billionaires who, by promoting confrontation and fake news, spread hatred, hinder informed debate, and undermine democracy. Behind the idea of unlimited “free speech” lurks “the promotion of a far-right ideology eager to replace the rule of law with the law of the strongest, to the detriment of policies protecting social rights, women, and other victims of discrimination.”

Regarding political history, let it be noted that “this situation is the result of three decades of economic liberalism, which institutional left-wing forces have also embraced” (Alain Lipietz).

“It must be acknowledged: Trump’s United States is no longer a protection but a threat to democracy in Europe.”

Les Etats-Unis de Donald Trump, une menace pour la démocratie en Europe

**

J’ai le sentiment de deux frères qui essaient d’enlever la paille dans l’œil de l’autre, mais ne voient pas la poutre dans le leur.

1. Aux démocraties libérales, je dis : La guerre en Ukraine menée par l’OTAN est une mauvaise guerre qui aurait facilement pu être évitée et qui n’aurait pas eu lieu si l’OTAN avait respecté la logique s’appliquant à un pays, l’Ukraine, adjacent à une grande puissance, la Russie. En contre-exemple, les États-Unis accepteraient-ils une présence militaire russe ou de leurs alliés à la frontière avec le Mexique ? C’est tellement évident que c’en est de la mauvaise foi. Je n'irai pas pleurer sur vos tombes.

2. À l’extrême-droite populiste, je dis : Pour reprendre les termes de l’éditorial du journal Le Monde, trop souvent la dénonciation des entorses à la liberté d’expression masque la défense du modèle économique de médias sociaux détenus par des milliardaires qui, en promouvant la confrontation et les fake news, diffusent la haine, entravent les débats éclairés et sapent la démocratie. Sous la conception d’un « free speech » sans limite, « pointe la promotion d’une idéologie d’extrême droite avide de substituer la loi du plus fort aux politiques de défense des droits sociaux, des femmes et des autres victimes de discriminations ».

En ce qui concerne l’histoire politique, qu'il soit noté que « cette situation résulte de trois décennies de libéralisme économique, auxquelles se sont ralliées les forces de la gauche institutionnelle » (Alain Lipietz).

« Il faut se rendre à l’évidence : les Etats-Unis de Trump ne constituent plus une protection mais une menace pour la démocratie en Europe. »

Les Etats-Unis de Donald Trump, une menace pour la démocratie en Europe

@ d5c3d063:4d1159b3

มีคำถามหนึ่งที่อาจเคยแว่บเข้ามาในใจเรา...“ความสุขคืออะไร” คำถามนี้ดูเหมือนจะง่าย แต่คำตอบกลับไม่ง่ายเลย ลองคิดดู...เราเคยมีช่วงเวลาที่รู้สึกว่าได้ในสิ่งที่ต้องการแล้ว แต่พอเวลาผ่านไป กลับพบว่าความสุขนั้นอยู่กับเราไม่นาน หรือบางที สิ่งที่เราเคยคิดว่าจะทำให้เรามีความสุข พอได้มาแล้วกลับกลายเป็นภาระเสียอย่างนั้น ในรายการ CDC Talk EP25 #ลุงโฉลก ได้พูดถึงแนวคิดที่ทำให้เราต้องย้อนมามองตัวเองว่า "สุขที่เราเข้าใจ มันเป็นสุขจริง ๆ หรือเปล่า" . คนส่วนใหญ่มักคิดว่า ความสุขเกิดจากการได้สิ่งที่ต้องการ เช่น มีเงินมากขึ้น ได้เลื่อนตำแหน่ง ได้รับการยอมรับหรือมีความสัมพันธ์ที่ดี แต่สิ่งเหล่านี้ล้วนเป็นสุขที่ต้องแลกมาด้วยความพยายาม บางครั้งต้องใช้แรงกายแรงใจอย่างมากเพื่อให้ได้มา และเมื่อได้มาแล้วก็ต้องรักษามันไว้ ในทางกลับกัน ถ้าสิ่งที่ทำให้เรามีความสุขสามารถถูกพรากไปจากเราได้ นั่นหมายความว่าความสุขนั้นมีวันหมดอายุ เช่นเดียวกับความรู้สึกตื่นเต้นเวลาซื้อของใหม่ ๆ ที่จางหายไปเมื่อเวลาผ่านไป หรือความสำเร็จที่ครั้งหนึ่งเคยทำให้เราภูมิใจ แต่ไม่นานก็ถูกแทนที่ด้วยเป้าหมายใหม่ที่ใหญ่กว่าเดิม . ลุงโฉลกอธิบายว่า “ความสุขไม่ได้เกิดจากการไขว่คว้า แต่เกิดจากการไม่มีทุกข์” ลองนึกถึงเวลาที่เรานั่งอยู่ในที่เงียบ ๆ ลมพัดเย็น ๆ ไม่มีสิ่งใดกวนใจ ไม่ต้องดิ้นรน ไม่ต้องเร่งรีบ เราไม่ได้มีความสุขเพราะมีบางสิ่งเพิ่มขึ้น แต่เพราะไม่มีอะไรทำให้เราทุกข์ต่างหาก สุขที่เกิดจากการไม่มีทุกข์นี้เองที่เรียกว่า "นิรามิสสุข" หรือสุขที่ไม่ได้เกิดจากวัตถุหรือเงื่อนไขใด ๆ สุขแบบนี้เป็นสุขที่ไม่ต้องดิ้นรน ไม่ต้องแสวงหา และไม่ต้องรักษาไว้ เพราะมันเป็นสุขที่เกิดขึ้นเองตามธรรมชาติ เมื่อใจเราสงบ เมื่อเราไม่ต้องต่อสู้กับอะไรเลย ไม่ต้องเอาชนะใคร ไม่ต้องพิสูจน์ตัวเองให้ใครเห็น และที่สำคัญที่สุด...ไม่ต้องคาดหวังให้มันอยู่กับเราไปตลอด . เราไม่ได้บอกว่าความสุขจากวัตถุหรือความสำเร็จเป็นเรื่องไม่ดี แต่เราควรตระหนักว่าสุขแบบนั้นไม่ยั่งยืน และหากเราเข้าใจว่าความสุขที่แท้จริงเกิดจากภายใน เราก็จะสามารถชื่นชมความสุขภายนอกได้โดยไม่ยึดติด สุขที่ไม่ได้เป็นสุข ก็คือสุขที่ต้องแลกมาด้วยทุกข์ สุขที่แท้จริง อาจเป็นแค่การปล่อยวาง ปล่อยให้ทุกสิ่งเป็นไปตามทางของมัน แล้วเราก็อยู่กับมันอย่างสงบ เท่านี้ก็เพียงพอแล้ว . สุดท้าย บางทีคำตอบของคำถามที่ว่า “ความสุขคืออะไร” อาจไม่ได้อยู่ที่การไขว่คว้า แต่เป็นการมองเห็นว่าสิ่งที่เรามีอยู่ก็มีคุณค่าในตัวมันเอง เมื่อเราเลิกยึดติดกับเงื่อนไขของความสุข ปล่อยวางความกังวลและเปิดใจยอมรับปัจจุบัน เราจะพบว่าแท้จริงแล้ว ความสุขไม่ได้เป็นเพียงการไม่มีทุกข์ แต่คือความสงบเรียบง่ายและความสุขที่ไม่ต้องพึ่งพาสิ่งใด 🙃

Siamstr

@ 04cb16e4:2ec3e5d5

Wir hatten mal wieder Wahlen. Zum Glück waren es die lang herbeigesehnten Schicksalswahlen. Endlich sollten wir erfahren ob wir, je nach Ausgang, danach gemeinsam in den Himmel schweben oder kollektiv zur Hölle fahren. Wahlweise auf der rechten oder auf der linken Spur. Ja und? Was soll ich jetzt machen? Eine Wahlsendung über die frisch inthronisierten Machthaber?

Nix da. Meine Energien bekommen die nicht. Ich will keine Parteien, sondern Frieden. Deswegen habe ich eine Friedenssondersendung gestaltet. Einen Podcast mit Musik. Komponiert von Rainer Bartesch. Dementsprechend startet die Sendung nach einer kurzen Musikeinspielung mit einem Komponisten-Interview. Rainer hat ein Friedenslied komponiert, welches von Hunderten von Menschen weltweit mit eingesungen wird. Es begleitet uns durch die ganze Sendung und ist sogar zum Mitsingen. Jeder der es möchte kann seine Stimme oder sein Antlitz dazu beitragen.

https://t.me/Menschliche_Werte_Medien

Auch interessant ist die Geschichte, wie Rainer sein Erdball umspannendes Netzwerk aufgebaut hat – und zwar durch ein Oratorium zum Klimawandel (Our world is on fire). Unzählige Preise hatte er damit gewonnen um schließlich durch einen Südpolarforscher zu erfahren, dass ein wesentlicher Aspekt dieser Geschichte nicht stimmig ist. Der mit dem CO2. Tja, aber das nur am Rande. Jedenfalls ist er jetzt super vernetzt und das ist gut so.

Rainers Webseite zum Mitsingen: http://www.rainerbartesch.de/

Und dann kommt Jana Frymark. Sie hat einen wunderschönen und klaren Text über die Mechanismen der gesellschaftlichen Spaltung geschrieben und eingesprochen, sowie ein Angebot, selbige zu überwinden. Wer ihn gerne lesen möchte kann das an dieser Stelle tun.

Vorher aber möchten wir nochmal alle Friedensmahnwachen dieser Welt würdigen und im Besonderen über die vom „Bündnis für den Frieden“ aus Berlin berichten. Am Montagabend den 24 sten Februar hatte die 62 ste spirituelle Friedensmahnwache auf dem Potsdamer Platz stattgefunden. Dort findet ihr aus diesem Bündnis zumeist Selale und Christiane T. vor. Um die beiden herum hat sich eine waschechte kleine Friedensfamilie gebildet, die sich dort regelmäßig trifft um zu räuchern und gemeinsam mit den Touristen für den Frieden zu tanzen.

Am Samstag den 1. März um 13 Uhr kam eine weitere Friedensmahnwache am Brandenburger Tor dazu. Diesmal initiiert von Christiane P. Und Theo. In unserem Friedens-Telefongespräch erklärt Christiane warum der Fokus jetzt thematisch auf Neutralität liegt.

Es moderiert euch Oliver Schindler durch diesen bunten Teller des Friedens. Wenn ihr mit dieser Sendung fertig seid werdet ihr unheilbar an Friedenssucht gesundet sein.

👇 Hier ist der Link zum Podcast 👇

https://mcdn.podbean.com/mf/web/jq4wjxqmwsu4kxaw/Friedenss_chtigb14fr.mp3

Die Welt durch deine Augen sehen

In Medien, wie sozialen Netzwerken lesen und hören wir viele Worte, aus allen Richtungen, die offen oder abgemildert die Botschaft enthalten, man könne die jeweils anderen nicht verstehen und sie wären deshalb wahrscheinlich gehirngewaschen, dumm, unanständig oder gar böse. Dabei werden häufig Argumentationstechniken genutzt, mit denen vorgebrachte Themen durch Gegenfragen auf andere Bereiche verschoben und die ins Feld geworfenen Bälle in Ping Pong Manier mit Schmackes zurückgeschossen werden. Fragen werden nicht gehört und nicht beantwortet, schnell sind Totschlagargumente, Zuschreibungen, beißender Spott bis hin zu Beleidigungen im Spiel. Wenn sich dann doch auf ein vorgebrachtes Thema eingelassen wird, so oft nur zum Schein. Die Bezugnahme ist davon geprägt, dass Dinge absichtlich in einem falschen Zusammenhang dargestellt werden und starre Überzeugungsgrenzen eine echte Debatte in geistiger Offenheit und auf Augenhöhe unmöglich machen. So kann es irgendwann nur noch darum gehen, wer – rechtgeleitet durch eine angebliche Mehrheit – lauter schreien kann. Doch lautes Geschrei hat noch niemals überzeugen können, denn für die einen ist beispielsweise „Wir sind mehr“ eine Motivationsparole im Kampf gegen das Böse, für andere fühlt es sich bedrohlich an wie: „Wir haben Macht über euch und setzen unsere Interessen ohne Rücksicht auf Eure Sorgen und Nöte um.“. Eine Spirale aus Angriff und Abwehr, die von Gewalt gezeichnet ist. Eskalation auf die jeweils nächste Stufe ist vorprogrammiert. Um den Weg da raus zu finden, müssen wir erstmal verstehen, wo wir derzeit kollektiv hineingeraten sind.

Gehen wir einmal davon aus, dass die Einflussnahme von Medien, wie News, Videos, Film, Fernsehen und auch Musik in heutiger Zeit unermesslich ist und lassen wir diesen Gedanken, dass kaum einer von uns sich davon frei machen kann, einmal zu. Und lasst uns dann einmal die Frage stellen, was in den letzten Jahren dadurch mit uns und unseren Beziehungen geschehen ist. Divide et impera, teile und herrsche. Ein probates Mittel der Spaltung ist Angstmacherei. Menschen die in Angst sind lassen sich gut führen. Und auch hier greift die Beeinflussung durch mächtige Interessengruppen mittels Medien und unsere kollektive Mediensucht. Man weiß ja inzwischen, dass sich Smartphonesucht ähnlich Kokain auf unser Gehirn auswirkt. Das heißt diese Sucht wirkt sich neuronal flächendeckend aus, durch körpereigene Botenstoffe, als auch durch die Wirkung der Inhalte, die wir konsumieren. Angstgeleitet reagieren wir aus Überlebensimpulsen des Reptiliengehirns auf unsere Umwelt und sind schwerlich in der Lage uns in Mitgefühl und Vernunft miteinander auszutauschen. Für jeden gibt es heutzutage die passende Angst. Und je tiefer wir uns in unsere Ängste hinein manövrieren, um so stärker werden unsere Bewältigungsstrategien sich hervortun. Ob das Flucht, Unterwerfung, Erstarrung oder Kampf ist, entscheidet die psychologische Struktur des Einzelnen. Aber wer gibt offen zu oder nimmt es überhaupt erst wahr, dass es Angst ist, die ihn (ver-)leitet? Wir sind so früh auf diese Bewältigungsmechanismen konditioniert worden, dass wir in Situationen, die sich unkomfortabel anfühlen, oft ohne es zu merken auf Autopilot stellen. Zudem missverstehen wir diese Dynamiken häufig und halten sie für Eigenschaften, die unsere Persönlichkeit und unseren Charakter ausmachen. Für jeden die passende Angst heißt auch, dass wir durch unterschiedliche Prägungen eben auch unterschiedliche Köder hingehalten bekommen, damit man uns einfangen und dazu bringen kann bei diesem Jeder gegen Jeden – Informationskrieg mitzuballern. Die schier unerschöpfliche Munition dafür liefert YouTube und Co. Ich musste in den letzten Tagen an das weise Wort von Peter Lustig denken, das er immer zum Ende der Kindersendung Löwenzahn sprach: „… abschalten.“ Wir sollten im Sinne des friedlichen Neubeginns viel öfter die Endgeräte ausschalten.

Was macht das nun alles mit unseren Beziehungen? Spätestens während der Corona Krise wurde voneinander auch in privaten Diskussionen, statt einem gefühligen, individuellen Ausdruck, dessen was einen bewegt, faktenbasiertes Argumentieren gefordert. Der Philosoph Matthias Burchardt nennt das „die Politisierung des Privaten“, was ich sehr passend finde. Für alles was gesagt wird, sollten ab jetzt Quellen benannt werden. Was aber seriöse Fakten und Quellen sind, darüber konnte bis heute keine Einigung erzielt werden. Wir möchten uns zum Beispiel daran erinnern, dass in den letzten Jahren Wissenschaftler, Ärzte, Historiker, Journalisten und andere Fachleute, die von der öffentlichen Leitlinie abwichen verunglimpft wurden, ihre Wikipedia Einträge verfälscht und diese Unwahrheiten verbreitet wurden, um sie öffentlich zu diffamieren und ihnen den Status der Glaubwürdigkeit abzuerkennen. Das heißt, das Debattieren mittels Fakten brachte uns nicht weiter, weil diese entweder aus der sogenannten Mainstream- oder aus der Verschwörungsblase kamen und daher von der jeweils anderen Seite nicht ernst genommen wurden. Der Psychiater Hans Joachim Maaz schlägt vor, dass wir die Sachebene absichtlich verlassen und wieder aus persönlichem und emotionalem Erleben heraus miteinander in Kontakt gehen, um sich vor diesem Hintergrund und auf Basis des Mitgefühls wirklich verstehen zu können. Ich teile diese Idee, denn was uns der angeblich rationale, faktenbasierte Sachverstand in Beziehungen einbrachte, gleicht einem Trümmerfeld. Immer weniger Menschen fragen einander: Was macht dir Sorgen? Was bewegt dich? Wie fühlst du dich? Nur selten begegnen wir einander mit unvoreingenommener Neugier, beziehen ein, dass das Gegenüber eine individuelle Geschichte und ein ganz anderes Erfahrungsspekrum mitbringt, als wir selbst. Die Fähigkeit offen zuzuhören und interessiert nachzufragen, zu verstehen und zu akzeptieren, auch wenn man manches selbst ganz anders wahrnimmt, findet man kaum noch. Inzwischen misstrauen wir einander immer mehr, haben Angst vor dem schneidenden Werturteil des anderen, das uns wieder die tiefe kollektive Verwundung spüren lassen würde, gemieden, abgelehnt, ausgestoßen zu werden. Der Mensch als des Menschen Wolf.

Während wir einst durchaus miteinander befreundet sein konnten, ohne umfassende politische Übereinstimmung haben zu müssen, bilden sich heute eher Verbindungen von Menschen, die ähnlich denken und sich gegenseitig die aufgewühlten Nervensysteme co-regulieren, indem sie einander in der eigenen Meinung bestätigen. Auch über unseren Medienkonsum suchen wir vorrangig Bestätigung und Bestärkung für unsere eigenen Überzeugungen. Über die Sucht nach Informationen wollen wir paradoxerweise Beruhigung und Sicherheit generieren. Wir fühlen uns wohl, wenn jemand Worte findet, die unsere Weltsicht unterstreichen. Überspitzt gesagt, obwohl ich glaube, dass es in der Tiefe wahr ist, deuten wir inzwischen oft eine andere Meinung als Angriff auf die eigene Sicherheit. Es steht zu befürchten, dass wir geistig immer weiter degenerieren, weil wir es nicht mehr aushalten miteinander zu ringen. Spätestens in der Corona Zeit begann die Spaltung der Gesellschaft, die sich wie in eine groß angelegte Bewusstseinsmanipulation zersetzend auf unsere mitmenschlichen Beziehungen auswirkte. Dieser Prozess der Zerstörung von Beziehungen setzt sich übergreifend fort und nimmt immer absurdere Formen an. Eine übermächtige Lügenmaschinerie, der wir uns nur Kraft der Erkenntnis, des freien Bewusstseins und der eigenmächtigen Entscheidung entziehen können.

Wir haben vergessen und verdrängt wie wichtig Beziehungen sind. In einer Welt, die sogenannte Individualität fördert, welche aber eher Narzissmus gleicht, in der Selbstliebe gepredigt, diese jedoch verwechselt wird mit pathologischer Selbstbezogenheit, in der Menschen unter dem Deckmantel der Selbstverwirklichung in ständiger Beschäftigung gehalten werden und sich so immer weniger spüren, in einer Welt, die ohne Unterschied auf Expansion ausgerichtet ist und damit den Transhumanismus vorantreibt, in dieser kranken Welt haben wir die Bedeutung der Stille, der Langsamkeit, der Verbundenheit zu unserer Natur und des echten zwischenmenschlichen Kontakts untergraben. Ich möchte dich heute fragen: Wie fühlst du dich? Ich will nicht dass du mir Statistiken und Artikel zeigst oder irgendwelche Influencer – Beeinflusser für dich sprechen lässt. Ich will nicht agitiert oder korrigiert werden von der Weltsicht eines anderen. Ich will jedoch wissen, wie die Welt durch deine Augen aussieht. Ich will wissen was das mit dir macht und warum. Ich mag deine Geschichte hören, so wie du sie erzählen möchtest. Und wenn du willst, erzähle ich dir meine.

(Diesen Text darfst Du gern teilen, jedoch nicht kopieren, 16.02.2025 Copyright Jana Frymark)

Link zu Radio Wunderwelle von Jana Frymark

@ 3ffac3a6:2d656657

Motivations

Recently, my sites hosted behind Cloudflare tunnels mysteriously stopped working—not once, but twice. The first outage occurred about a week ago. Interestingly, when I switched to using the 1.1.1.1 WARP VPN on my cellphone or PC, the sites became accessible again. Clearly, the issue wasn't with the sites themselves but something about the routing. This led me to the brilliant (or desperate) idea of routing all Cloudflare-bound traffic through a WARP tunnel in my local network.

Prerequisites

• A "server" with an amd64 processor (the WARP client only works on amd64 architecture). I'm using an old mac mini, but really, anything with an amd64 processor will do.
• Basic knowledge of Linux commands.
• Access to your Wi-Fi router's settings (if you plan to configure routes there).

---

Step 1: Installing the WARP CLI

1. Update your system packages:

bash sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

1. Download and install the WARP CLI:

```bash curl https://pkg.cloudflareclient.com/pubkey.gpg | sudo gpg --yes --dearmor --output /usr/share/keyrings/cloudflare-warp-archive-keyring.gpg

echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cloudflare-warp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://pkg.cloudflareclient.com/ $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cloudflare-client.list

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install cloudflare-warp ``` 3. Register and connect to WARP:

Run the following commands to register and connect to WARP:

```bash sudo warp-cli register sudo warp-cli connect ````

Confirm the connection with:

bash warp-cli status

---

Step 2: Routing Traffic on the Server Machine

Now that WARP is connected, let's route the local network's Cloudflare-bound traffic through this tunnel.

1. Enable IP forwarding:

bash sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Make it persistent after reboot:

bash echo 'net.ipv4.ip_forward=1' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf sudo sysctl -p

1. Set up firewall rules to forward traffic:

bash sudo nft add rule ip filter FORWARD iif "eth0" oif "CloudflareWARP" ip saddr 192.168.31.0/24 ip daddr 104.0.0.0/8 accept sudo nft add rule ip filter FORWARD iif "CloudflareWARP" oif "eth0" ip saddr 104.0.0.0/8 ip daddr 192.168.31.0/24 ct state established,related accept

Replace eth0 with your actual network interface if different.

1. Make rules persistent:

bash sudo apt install nftables sudo nft list ruleset > /etc/nftables.conf

---

Step 3: Configuring the Route on a Local PC (Linux)

On your local Linux machine:

1. Add a static route:

bash sudo ip route add 104.0.0.0/24 via <SERVER_IP>

Replace <SERVER_IP> with the internal IP of your WARP-enabled server. This should be a temporary solution, since it only effects a local machine. For a solution that can effect the whole local network, please see next step.

---

Step 4: Configuring the Route on Your Wi-Fi Router (Recommended)

If your router allows adding static routes:

1. Log in to your router's admin interface.
2. Navigate to the Static Routing section. (This may vary depending on the router model.)
3. Add a new static route:
4. Destination Network: 104.0.0.0
5. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
6. Gateway: <SERVER_IP>
7. Metric: 1 (or leave it default)
8. Save and apply the settings.

One of the key advantages of this method is how easy it is to disable once your ISP's routing issues are resolved. Since the changes affect the entire network at once, you can quickly restore normal network behavior by simply removing the static routes or disabling the forwarding rules, all without the need for complex reconfigurations.

---

Final Thoughts

Congratulations! You've now routed all your Cloudflare-bound traffic through a secure WARP tunnel, effectively bypassing mysterious connectivity issues. If the sites ever go down again, at least you’ll have one less thing to blame—and one more thing to debug.

@ 0463223a:3b14d673

It’s now been a full week without prescribed drugs for being a spaz. The last week was tough to be honest, sleepless nights, constantly restless and uncomfortable, nausea, diarrhoea, headaches. Not dissimilar to giving up certain illegal drugs, not quite on a par with opiates but not dissimilar.

The physical symptoms have mostly subsided but I am rather emotionally unstable. I can imagine the Stoics of Nostr being quite stoically unimpressed by these ramblings. Obviously men never have emotions or feelings etc. We only discuss important subjects such as the works of Mises and Rothbard, we have no comprehension of the difference between art and craft, that’s for the women folk. We’re just a plain wallpaper of rational actions buying bitcoin bitcoin bitcoin...

Fuck that lol. I mean cool if that’s you, it’s not me. I started out a spaz and it’ll likely I’ll continue to be a spaz. I’m still trying to improve myself, I lifted some heavy things up and down this morning, eaten a healthy breakfast (although it wasn’t raw meat and salt, sorry) and am about to set about some practice before tonight’s session helping local youngsters with their music. I’ve worked my way through emails and I’m now writing this shit instead of doing some other bollocks. Maybe one day I’ll string a half coherent sentence together and become a V4V billionaire....

Existential dread is a laugh innit? I have no idea what the fuck I’m doing. I’ll make more music but it’s pretty futile. The hours of labour vs the financial return is terrible. I find it pretty amusing watching the numbers on my streams drop off in the morning whenever I play any of my own music... Clear market signals if ever I saw them but I stubbornly crack on anyway.

I’m sure at some point, through the process of putting shit on the internet, something will happen that’s of value to someone. Actually I have some nice supporters online which is very much appreciated and, as I said on my stream this morning, I’m grateful the same people come back each day. It’s like the most underground little club on the internet. I have 20 subscribers, no YouTube, X or Meta accounts. No LinkedIn. All is done on the free and open internet, either on a server I own or via some magical relays. So obviously this makes me 10x harder than Mark Zuckerberg, no matter how much Ju Jitsu he does. I’m not riffling through your underwear like a creepy perv.

If anyone reading this is ever wondering why capitalism gets such a bad rep, it’s because some of us are really, really shit at it. But I have a shed, no one’s taking that away from me. My cat is bad ass, I have an amazing wife and the sun is shining. I have a lot to be grateful for. I’ll keep trying to think of ways to earn a coin without selling my soul to the devil. There’s trade offs a plenty but I take responsibility for my own shit and I don’t have to sully myself with corporate bullshit.

Onwards and upwards. It’s a great day!

As Craig David didn’t once sing…

Stopped taking drugs on Monday Sleepless night and shivers on Tuesday We were throwing up by Wednesday And on Thursday & Friday & Saturday we chilled on Sunday

@ e3ba5e1a:5e433365

I got into a friendly discussion on X regarding health insurance. The specific question was how to deal with health insurance companies (presumably unfairly) denying claims? My answer, as usual: get government out of it!

The US healthcare system is essentially the worst of both worlds:

• Unlike full single payer, individuals incur high costs
• Unlike a true free market, regulation causes increases in costs and decreases competition among insurers

I'm firmly on the side of moving towards the free market. (And I say that as someone living under a single payer system now.) Here's what I would do:

• Get rid of tax incentives that make health insurance tied to your employer, giving individuals back proper freedom of choice.
• Reduce regulations significantly.

• In the short term, some people will still get rejected claims and other obnoxious behavior from insurance companies. We address that in two ways:

  1. Due to reduced regulations, new insurance companies will be able to enter the market offering more reliable coverage and better rates, and people will flock to them because they have the freedom to make their own choices.
  2. Sue the asses off of companies that reject claims unfairly. And ideally, as one of the few legitimate roles of government in all this, institute new laws that limit the ability of fine print to allow insurers to escape their responsibilities. (I'm hesitant that the latter will happen due to the incestuous relationship between Congress/regulators and insurers, but I can hope.)

Will this magically fix everything overnight like politicians normally promise? No. But it will allow the market to return to a healthy state. And I don't think it will take long (order of magnitude: 5-10 years) for it to come together, but that's just speculation.

And since there's a high correlation between those who believe government can fix problems by taking more control and demanding that only credentialed experts weigh in on a topic (both points I strongly disagree with BTW): I'm a trained actuary and worked in the insurance industry, and have directly seen how government regulation reduces competition, raises prices, and harms consumers.

And my final point: I don't think any prior art would be a good comparison for deregulation in the US, it's such a different market than any other country in the world for so many reasons that lessons wouldn't really translate. Nonetheless, I asked Grok for some empirical data on this, and at best the results of deregulation could be called "mixed," but likely more accurately "uncertain, confused, and subject to whatever interpretation anyone wants to apply."

https://x.com/i/grok/share/Zc8yOdrN8lS275hXJ92uwq98M

@ 2f4550b0:95f20096

In today’s fast-evolving workplaces, effective leadership hinges on more than just authority or charisma. You must unlock the potential of your team. Enter andragogy, a framework for adult learning that can transform how leaders inspire, engage, and empower their people. Initially developed by educator Malcolm Knowles in the 1960s, andragogy shifts the focus from traditional, top-down teaching to a model tailored to the unique needs of adult learners. For leaders, mastering this approach is a superpower that leverages the experience and problem-solving capacity of their teams to drive real results.

So, what is andragogy? Unlike pedagogy, which focuses on teaching children through structured, teacher-led methods, andragogy recognizes that adults learn differently. Knowles identified key principles that define this model: adults are self-directed, bring a wealth of experience to the table, are motivated by relevance, prefer problem-centered learning, and thrive when they understand the “why” behind what they’re doing. For leaders, these principles aren’t abstract theories. They’re actionable tools you can leverage to build stronger, more capable teams.

The beauty of andragogy lies in its respect for what adults already know. Think about your team: they’re not blank slates waiting for instructions. They’ve got years of experience, insights from past roles, and skills honed through trial and error. Too often, leaders fall into the trap of micromanaging or delivering one-size-fits-all approach that ignores this depth. Andragogy flips the script. Adult learning theory reminds us to tap into that reservoir of expertise and channel it toward solving the real-world challenges our organizations face.

Imagine you’re leading a team tasked with improving customer retention. A traditional approach might involve sending out a manual or dictating a step-by-step process. An andragogical approach, however, starts by asking: What do you already know about keeping customers happy? You might facilitate a discussion where team members share stories. Maybe a sales rep recalls a tactic that won back a frustrated client, or a support agent highlights a pattern they’ve noticed in feedback. Suddenly, you’re not just giving orders; you’re curating a collective problem-solving session that respects their expertise and builds buy-in. The result? Solutions grounded in real experience.

This approach also aligns with adults’ preference for relevance and practicality. Knowles emphasized that adults learn best when they see immediate value in what they’re doing. As a leader, you can harness this by tying learning to tangible outcomes. Let’s say your team needs to adopt a new software tool. Instead of a generic training session, frame it around a specific problem, like streamlining a workflow that’s been eating up hours. Give them space to experiment with the tool, share what works, and tweak it based on their insights. They’re not just learning; they’re solving something that matters to them, which fuels motivation and ownership.

Andragogy’s problem-centered focus is another leadership goldmine. Adults don’t want to memorize facts for the sake of it; they want to tackle issues they’re facing right now. This is where you, as a leader, can shine. By positioning yourself as a facilitator rather than a dictator, you create an environment where your team attacks real challenges collaboratively. Take a stalled project, for instance. Instead of prescribing a fix, gather your team and ask: What’s blocking us, and what have we seen work elsewhere? Let them draw on their past wins and failures to craft a solution. You’re not just solving the problem. You’re building a team that’s confident in its ability to adapt.

Ready for a quick win to test this out? Here’s one you can try tomorrow: The Experience Share. Next time you’re in a team meeting, pick a current challenge like a deadline crunch or a client complaint. Allocate 15 minutes for everyone to share one relevant experience they’ve had that could inform the solution. Maybe someone’s navigated a similar deadline before, or another dealt with a picky client. Jot down the ideas, then guide the group to pick one or two to act on. It’s fast, leverages their know-how, and shows you value their input. Watch engagement and results tick up.

The andragogy edge isn’t about reinventing leadership; it’s about amplifying what’s already there. By treating your team as capable, self-directed learners with valuable experience, you unlock a level of collaboration and innovation that top-down methods can’t touch. In a world where adaptability is king, this isn’t just a theory. It’s your secret weapon. So, step back, tap into your team’s wisdom, and watch them rise to the occasion. Leadership doesn’t get more super than that.

@ e3ba5e1a:5e433365

President Trump has started rolling out his tariffs, something I blogged about in November. People are talking about these tariffs a lot right now, with many people (correctly) commenting on how consumers will end up with higher prices as a result of these tariffs. While that part is true, I’ve seen a lot of people taking it to the next, incorrect step: that consumers will pay the entirety of the tax. I put up a poll on X to see what people thought, and while the right answer got a lot of votes, it wasn't the winner.

For purposes of this blog post, our ultimate question will be the following:

• Suppose apples currently sell for $1 each in the entire United States.
• There are domestic sellers and foreign sellers of apples, all receiving the same price.
• There are no taxes or tariffs on the purchase of apples.
• The question is: if the US federal government puts a $0.50 import tariff per apple, what will be the change in the following:
• Number of apples bought in the US
• Price paid by buyers for apples in the US
• Post-tax price received by domestic apple producers
• Post-tax price received by foreign apple producers

Before we can answer that question, we need to ask an easier, first question: before instituting the tariff, why do apples cost $1?

And finally, before we dive into the details, let me provide you with the answers to the ultimate question. I recommend you try to guess these answers before reading this, and if you get it wrong, try to understand why:

1. The number of apples bought will go down
2. The buyers will pay more for each apple they buy, but not the full amount of the tariff
3. Domestic apple sellers will receive a higher price per apple
4. Foreign apple sellers will receive a lower price per apple, but not lowered by the full amount of the tariff

In other words, regardless of who sends the payment to the government, both taxed parties (domestic buyers and foreign sellers) will absorb some of the costs of the tariff, while domestic sellers will benefit from the protectionism provided by tariffs and be able to sell at a higher price per unit.

Marginal benefit

All of the numbers discussed below are part of a helper Google Sheet I put together for this analysis. Also, apologies about the jagged lines in the charts below, I hadn’t realized before starting on this that there are some difficulties with creating supply and demand charts in Google Sheets.

Let’s say I absolutely love apples, they’re my favorite food. How much would I be willing to pay for a single apple? You might say “$1, that’s the price in the supermarket,” and in many ways you’d be right. If I walk into supermarket A, see apples on sale for $50, and know that I can buy them at supermarket B for $1, I’ll almost certainly leave A and go buy at B.

But that’s not what I mean. What I mean is: how high would the price of apples have to go everywhere so that I’d no longer be willing to buy a single apple? This is a purely personal, subjective opinion. It’s impacted by how much money I have available, other expenses I need to cover, and how much I like apples. But let’s say the number is $5.

How much would I be willing to pay for another apple? Maybe another $5. But how much am I willing to pay for the 1,000th apple? 10,000th? At some point, I’ll get sick of apples, or run out of space to keep the apples, or not be able to eat, cook, and otherwise preserve all those apples before they rot.

The point being: I’ll be progressively willing to spend less and less money for each apple. This form of analysis is called marginal benefit: how much benefit (expressed as dollars I’m willing to spend) will I receive from each apple? This is a downward sloping function: for each additional apple I buy (quantity demanded), the price I’m willing to pay goes down. This is what gives my personal demand curve. And if we aggregate demand curves across all market participants (meaning: everyone interested in buying apples), we end up with something like this:

Assuming no changes in people’s behavior and other conditions in the market, this chart tells us how many apples will be purchased by our buyers at each price point between $0.50 and $5. And ceteris paribus (all else being equal), this will continue to be the demand curve for apples.

Marginal cost

Demand is half the story of economics. The other half is supply, or: how many apples will I sell at each price point? Supply curves are upward sloping: the higher the price, the more a person or company is willing and able to sell a product.

Let’s understand why. Suppose I have an apple orchard. It’s a large property right next to my house. With about 2 minutes of effort, I can walk out of my house, find the nearest tree, pick 5 apples off the tree, and call it a day. 5 apples for 2 minutes of effort is pretty good, right?

Yes, there was all the effort necessary to buy the land, and plant the trees, and water them… and a bunch more than I likely can’t even guess at. We’re going to ignore all of that for our analysis, because for short-term supply-and-demand movement, we can ignore these kinds of sunk costs. One other simplification: in reality, supply curves often start descending before ascending. This accounts for achieving efficiencies of scale after the first number of units purchased. But since both these topics are unneeded for understanding taxes, I won’t go any further.

Anyway, back to my apple orchard. If someone offers me $0.50 per apple, I can do 2 minutes of effort and get $2.50 in revenue, which equates to a $75/hour wage for me. I’m more than happy to pick apples at that price!

However, let’s say someone comes to buy 10,000 apples from me instead. I no longer just walk out to my nearest tree. I’m going to need to get in my truck, drive around, spend the day in the sun, pay for gas, take a day off of my day job (let’s say it pays me $70/hour). The costs go up significantly. Let’s say it takes 5 days to harvest all those apples myself, it costs me $100 in fuel and other expenses, and I lose out on my $70/hour job for 5 days. We end up with:

• Total expenditure: $100 + $70 * 8 hours a day * 5 days \== $2900
• Total revenue: $5000 (10,000 apples at $0.50 each)
• Total profit: $2100

So I’m still willing to sell the apples at this price, but it’s not as attractive as before. And as the number of apples purchased goes up, my costs keep increasing. I’ll need to spend more money on fuel to travel more of my property. At some point I won’t be able to do the work myself anymore, so I’ll need to pay others to work on the farm, and they’ll be slower at picking apples than me (less familiar with the property, less direct motivation, etc.). The point being: at some point, the number of apples can go high enough that the $0.50 price point no longer makes me any money.

This kind of analysis is called marginal cost. It refers to the additional amount of expenditure a seller has to spend in order to produce each additional unit of the good. Marginal costs go up as quantity sold goes up. And like demand curves, if you aggregate this data across all sellers, you get a supply curve like this:

Equilibrium price

We now know, for every price point, how many apples buyers will purchase, and how many apples sellers will sell. Now we find the equilibrium: where the supply and demand curves meet. This point represents where the marginal benefit a buyer would receive from the next buyer would be less than the cost it would take the next seller to make it. Let’s see it in a chart:

You’ll notice that these two graphs cross at the $1 price point, where 63 apples are both demanded (bought by consumers) and supplied (sold by producers). This is our equilibrium price. We also have a visualization of the surplus created by these trades. Everything to the left of the equilibrium point and between the supply and demand curves represents surplus: an area where someone is receiving something of more value than they give. For example:

• When I bought my first apple for $1, but I was willing to spend $5, I made $4 of consumer surplus. The consumer portion of the surplus is everything to the left of the equilibrium point, between the supply and demand curves, and above the equilibrium price point.
• When a seller sells his first apple for $1, but it only cost $0.50 to produce it, the seller made $0.50 of producer surplus. The producer portion of the surplus is everything to the left of the equilibrium point, between the supply and demand curves, and below the equilibrium price point.

Another way of thinking of surplus is “every time someone got a better price than they would have been willing to take.”

OK, with this in place, we now have enough information to figure out how to price in the tariff, which we’ll treat as a negative externality.

Modeling taxes

Alright, the government has now instituted a $0.50 tariff on every apple sold within the US by a foreign producer. We can generally model taxes by either increasing the marginal cost of each unit sold (shifting the supply curve up), or by decreasing the marginal benefit of each unit bought (shifting the demand curve down). In this case, since only some of the producers will pay the tax, it makes more sense to modify the supply curve.

First, let’s see what happens to the foreign seller-only supply curve when you add in the tariff:

With the tariff in place, for each quantity level, the price at which the seller will sell is $0.50 higher than before the tariff. That makes sense: if I was previously willing to sell my 82nd apple for $3, I would now need to charge $3.50 for that apple to cover the cost of the tariff. We see this as the tariff “pushing up” or “pushing left” the original supply curve.

We can add this new supply curve to our existing (unchanged) supply curve for domestic-only sellers, and we end up with a result like this:

The total supply curve adds up the individual foreign and domestic supply curves. At each price point, we add up the total quantity each group would be willing to sell to determine the total quantity supplied for each price point. Once we have that cumulative supply curve defined, we can produce an updated supply-and-demand chart including the tariff:

As we can see, the equilibrium has shifted:

• The equilibrium price paid by consumers has risen from $1 to $1.20.
• The total number of apples purchased has dropped from 63 apples to 60 apples.
• Consumers therefore received 3 less apples. They spent $72 for these 60 apples, whereas previously they spent $63 for 3 more apples, a definite decrease in consumer surplus.
• Foreign producers sold 36 of those apples (see the raw data in the linked Google Sheet), for a gross revenue of $43.20. However, they also need to pay the tariff to the US government, which accounts for $18, meaning they only receive $25.20 post-tariff. Previously, they sold 42 apples at $1 each with no tariff to be paid, meaning they took home $42.
• Domestic producers sold the remaining 24 apples at $1.20, giving them a revenue of $28.80. Since they don’t pay the tariff, they take home all of that money. By contrast, previously, they sold 21 apples at $1, for a take-home of $21.
• The government receives $0.50 for each of the 60 apples sold, or in other words receives $30 in revenue it wouldn’t have received otherwise.

We could be more specific about the surpluses, and calculate the actual areas for consumer surplus, producer surplus, inefficiency from the tariff, and government revenue from the tariff. But I won’t bother, as those calculations get slightly more involved. Instead, let’s just look at the aggregate outcomes:

• Consumers were unquestionably hurt. Their price paid went up by $0.20 per apple, and received less apples.
• Foreign producers were also hurt. Their price received went down from the original $1 to the new post-tariff price of $1.20, minus the $0.50 tariff. In other words: foreign producers only receive $0.70 per apple now. This hurt can be mitigated by shifting sales to other countries without a tariff, but the pain will exist regardless.
• Domestic producers scored. They can sell less apples and make more revenue doing it.
• And the government walked away with an extra $30.

Hopefully you now see the answer to the original questions. Importantly, while the government imposed a $0.50 tariff, neither side fully absorbed that cost. Consumers paid a bit more, foreign producers received a bit less. The exact details of how that tariff was split across the groups is mediated by the relevant supply and demand curves of each group. If you want to learn more about this, the relevant search term is “price elasticity,” or how much a group’s quantity supplied or demanded will change based on changes in the price.

Other taxes

Most taxes are some kind of a tax on trade. Tariffs on apples is an obvious one. But the same applies to income tax (taxing the worker for the trade of labor for money) or payroll tax (same thing, just taxing the employer instead). Interestingly, you can use the same model for analyzing things like tax incentives. For example, if the government decided to subsidize domestic apple production by giving the domestic producers a $0.50 bonus for each apple they sell, we would end up with a similar kind of analysis, except instead of the foreign supply curve shifting up, we’d see the domestic supply curve shifting down.

And generally speaking, this is what you’ll always see with government involvement in the economy. It will result in disrupting an existing equilibrium, letting the market readjust to a new equilibrium, and incentivization of some behavior, causing some people to benefit and others to lose out. We saw with the apple tariff, domestic producers and the government benefited while others lost.

You can see the reverse though with tax incentives. If I give a tax incentive of providing a deduction (not paying income tax) for preschool, we would end up with:

• Government needs to make up the difference in tax revenue, either by raising taxes on others or printing more money (leading to inflation). Either way, those paying the tax or those holding government debased currency will pay a price.
• Those people who don’t use the preschool deduction will receive no benefit, so they simply pay a cost.
• Those who do use the preschool deduction will end up paying less on tax+preschool than they would have otherwise.

This analysis is fully amoral. It’s not saying whether providing subsidized preschool is a good thing or not, it simply tells you where the costs will be felt, and points out that such government interference in free economic choice does result in inefficiencies in the system. Once you have that knowledge, you’re more well educated on making a decision about whether the costs of government intervention are worth the benefits.

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

The dynamic landscape of Bitcoin and blockchain technology is a testament to the relentless innovation and debate that drives this sector forward. A pivotal figure in this narrative is Adam Back, CEO of Blockstream, whose recent insights and proposals have stirred a significant conversation within the Bitcoin community. His stance on the indomitable nature of JPEGs and other media inscriptions on the Bitcoin blockchain, along with his suggestion for a block size increase, is not just a technical observation but a philosophical statement about the future direction of Bitcoin. This article delves into the implications of Back's views, exploring how they could shape the trajectory of Bitcoin in the years to come.

Table of Contents

• The Unstoppable Nature of Bitcoin Inscriptions

  • JPEGs on the Blockchain: A New Reality

  • Implications for the Bitcoin Ecosystem

• Adam Back's Proposal for Block Size Increase

  • A Technical Solution to a Growing Challenge

  • Balancing Innovation and Network Integrity

• Comparative Analysis with Ethereum's Innovations

  • Bitcoin and Ethereum: Divergent Paths Converging?

  • Learning from Ethereum's Approach

• Conclusion

• FAQs

The Unstoppable Nature of Bitcoin Inscriptions

JPEGs on the Blockchain: A New Reality

Adam Back's acknowledgment of the unstoppable nature of JPEGs on the Bitcoin blockchain is a watershed moment. It signifies a recognition of the blockchain's evolving utility, transcending its original financial transactional purpose. This evolution raises fundamental questions about the nature of Bitcoin. Is it merely a financial tool, or is it morphing into a broader digital canvas for various forms of data? The embedding of JPEGs and other media, known as inscriptions, is not just a technical feat but a cultural shift in the perception and usage of Bitcoin.

Implications for the Bitcoin Ecosystem

The phenomenon of media inscriptions on the Bitcoin blockchain is a double-edged sword. On one hand, it showcases the network's versatility and the ingenuity of its users. On the other hand, it introduces new challenges in terms of network efficiency and focus. The primary concern is the potential for network congestion, as the blockchain is burdened with non-financial data. This could lead to slower transaction times and higher fees for traditional Bitcoin transactions, potentially undermining the network's primary purpose as a digital currency. Moreover, there's a philosophical debate within the community about the purity of Bitcoin's original vision versus its evolving nature.

Adam Back's Proposal for Block Size Increase

A Technical Solution to a Growing Challenge

In response to the burgeoning use of Bitcoin for media inscriptions, Adam Back has put forth a bold proposal: increasing the block size of the Bitcoin blockchain. This proposal is not merely a technical adjustment; it's a strategic move to accommodate the growing diversity of uses of the Bitcoin network. By introducing a "segwit annex" for additional space in each block, Back is advocating for a more inclusive Bitcoin that can support both its traditional financial role and its emerging function as a digital ledger for various forms of data.

Balancing Innovation and Network Integrity

The crux of Back's proposal lies in finding a middle ground between fostering innovation and preserving the network's efficiency and purpose. The proposed block size increase is a recognition that the Bitcoin network needs to evolve to accommodate new uses while ensuring that it remains a robust and efficient platform for financial transactions. This proposal also reflects a pragmatic approach to blockchain development, acknowledging that rigid adherence to original designs may not be suitable in the face of changing user behaviors and technological advancements.

Comparative Analysis with Ethereum's Innovations

Bitcoin and Ethereum: Divergent Paths Converging?

The proposed changes to Bitcoin's block structure draw an interesting parallel with developments in the Ethereum blockchain. Ethereum's EIP-4844, known as Proto-Danksharding, introduces the concept of temporary data blobs with a separate fee market, a concept somewhat mirrored in Back's proposal for Bitcoin. This comparison is crucial as it underscores the evolving nature of blockchain technology and the different paths taken by these two leading networks. While Bitcoin has traditionally focused on being a digital currency, Ethereum has been more open to diverse applications from its inception.

Learning from Ethereum's Approach

Ethereum's approach to scalability and functionality, particularly with EIP-4844, offers valuable lessons for Bitcoin. It demonstrates the feasibility of integrating new features and capabilities into an established blockchain network while maintaining its core functions. For Bitcoin, adopting a similar approach could mean not only enhanced functionality but also increased relevance in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. It's a testament to the fluidity and adaptability of blockchain technology, where innovations in one network can inspire and inform developments in another.

Conclusion

Adam Back's perspective on JPEGs and his proposal for block size expansion mark a critical moment in the evolution of Bitcoin. As the Bitcoin community navigates these developments, it faces the challenge of embracing change while staying true to the core principles that have defined Bitcoin since its inception. The future of Bitcoin, shaped by these ongoing discussions and decisions, remains a fascinating and significant topic in the broader narrative of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. The path Bitcoin takes will not only influence its own trajectory but also set precedents for the future development of blockchain technology as a whole.

FAQs

What is Adam Back's stance on JPEGs on the Bitcoin blockchain? Adam Back, CEO of Blockstream, acknowledges that embedding JPEGs and other media, known as inscriptions, on the Bitcoin blockchain is unstoppable. He views this as a natural evolution of the blockchain's capabilities.

Why is the embedding of JPEGs on Bitcoin significant? The embedding of JPEGs signifies a shift in how the Bitcoin blockchain is used, extending beyond its original purpose of financial transactions to a broader digital platform for various data types.

What is Adam Back's proposal for the Bitcoin blockchain? Adam Back proposes increasing the Bitcoin block size to accommodate the growing use of the network for media inscriptions. This includes adding a "segwit annex" for additional space in each block.

How does Adam Back's proposal aim to balance Bitcoin's functionality? Back's proposal aims to balance innovation with network efficiency by providing dedicated space for inscriptions, thus managing network congestion while maintaining efficient transaction processing.

That's all for today

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DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ e968e50b:db2a803a

The Bitcoin Trail

your tombstone - 1000 sats - the player will run into it along the trail just like the original game, your nym from stacker.news will be featured and I might write you an epitaph

your tombstone with baller epitaph - 5000 sats - same thing, but I promise to put some time into writing your epitaph and you can make some requests about it

Just shoot me a dm with the amount of sats and your requested epitaph if it applies.

https://thebitcointrail.space/

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/903776

@ 3ffac3a6:2d656657

In the waning days of the 20th century, a woman named Annabelle Nolan was born into an unremarkable world, though she herself was anything but ordinary. A prodigy in cryptography and quantum computing, she would later adopt the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, orchestrating the creation of Bitcoin in the early 21st century. But her legacy would stretch far beyond the blockchain.

Annabelle's obsession with cryptography was not just about securing data—it was about securing freedom. Her work in quantum computing inadvertently triggered a cascade of temporal anomalies, one of which ensnared her in 2011. The event was cataclysmic yet silent, unnoticed by the world she'd transformed. In an instant, she was torn from her era and thrust violently back into the 16th century.

Disoriented and stripped of her futuristic tools, Annabelle faced a brutal reality: survive in a world where her knowledge was both a curse and a weapon. Reinventing herself as Anne Boleyn, she navigated the treacherous courts of Tudor England with the same strategic brilliance she'd used to design Bitcoin. Her intellect dazzled King Henry VIII, but it was the mysterious necklace she wore—adorned with a bold, stylized "B"—that fueled whispers. It was more than jewelry; it was a relic of a forgotten future, a silent beacon for any historian clever enough to decode her true story.

Anne's fate seemed sealed as she ascended to queenship, her influence growing alongside her enemies. Yet beneath the royal intrigue, she harbored a desperate hope: that the symbol around her neck would outlast her, sparking curiosity in minds centuries away. The "B" was her signature, a cryptographic clue embedded in history.

On the scaffold in 1536, as she faced her execution, Anne Boleyn's gaze was unwavering. She knew her death was not the end. Somewhere, in dusty archives and encrypted ledgers, her mark endured. Historians would puzzle over the enigmatic "B," and perhaps one day, someone would connect the dots between a queen, a coin, and a time anomaly born from quantum code.

She wasn't just Anne Boleyn. She was Satoshi Nakamoto, the time-displaced architect of a decentralized future, hiding in plain sight within the annals of history.

@ 95cb4330:96db706c

Embracing the "Fail Fast, Learn Faster" principle, as practiced by entrepreneurs like Reid Hoffman and Jeff Bezos, involves viewing failure as a valuable learning tool. This approach encourages rapid experimentation, allowing for swift feedback and iterative improvement—fostering innovation and preventing analysis paralysis.

---

Understanding "Fail Fast, Learn Faster"

• Definition:
  This methodology emphasizes quickly testing ideas to identify what doesn’t work so that you can discover effective solutions faster. By accepting failure as an integral part of the process, both organizations and individuals can adapt and innovate more efficiently.

---

Examples in Practice

• Reid Hoffman's Rapid Experimentation:
  The co-founder of LinkedIn advocates for swift iteration. He suggests that if you're not embarrassed by your first product release, you've waited too long—promoting early market entry and continuous learning from user feedback.
  movestheneedle.com

• Jeff Bezos's Embrace of Failure:
  The founder of Amazon views failure as an integral component of innovation. Bezos has noted that failures have taught him more than successes, and companies that don’t embrace failure risk stagnation.
  thebezosletters.com

---

Implementing "Fail Fast, Learn Faster"

1. Encourage a Culture of Experimentation:
   Create an environment where team members feel safe to test new ideas without fear of repercussions.

2. Set Clear Hypotheses and Metrics:
   Define what success and failure look like for each experiment so that the learnings are actionable.

3. Iterate Based on Feedback:
   Use the insights gained from failed experiments to refine your ideas and approaches continuously.

---

Benefits of This Approach

• Accelerated Innovation:
  Rapid testing leads to quicker identification of viable solutions.

• Risk Mitigation:
  Small-scale experiments help minimize the impact of failures, reducing overall losses.

• Enhanced Adaptability:
  Organizations become more responsive to market changes and emerging opportunities.

---

Action Step

Identify a project or idea you’ve been hesitant to pursue due to uncertainty. Design a small-scale experiment to test its viability, gather feedback, and iterate based on the results.

---

By adopting the "Fail Fast, Learn Faster" mindset, you can transform potential setbacks into opportunities for growth and innovation—leading to sustained success.

For further insights into Jeff Bezos's perspective on embracing failure, consider watching this discussion:
Video: Fail Fast, Learn Faster Discussion

---

@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8

Bislang war die NATO das Trojanische Pferd der USA, um ihre Interessen weltweit durchzusetzen. Das sogenannte Verteidigungsbündnis hat sich mangels Gelegenheit einer militärischen Verteidigung mehr auf Aktionen wie im Kosovo konzentriert.

Mit seinen Stützpunkten in Europa hat die USA-NATO bislang die Möglichkeit geschaffen, potenzielle kriegerische Auseinandersetzungen aus dem eigenen Land fernzuhalten, zu zeigen wer die Hosen anhat und überall die Finger mit im Spiel zu haben. Sozusagen militärisches Outsourcing.

Als Gegenleistung darf Europa theoretisch unter die Bettdecke der USA-NATO krabbeln, wenn es draußen mal so richtig kalt werden sollte. Ob das auch wirklich so geschehen würde, wenn es darauf ankommt, bleibt fraglich.

Die NATO-Osterweiterung ist ein übergriffiges Heranrücken der USA an Russland, ein Ignorieren und Übergehen eines für beide Weltmächte nötigen Sicherheitsabstands.

Wenn der Nachbar mit seinen Anbauten immer mehr an die eigene Grundstücksgrenze heranrückt, den Sicherheitsabstand nicht einhält, und in seiner Großkotzigkeit immer weiter macht (weil er, überheblich, wie er ist, glaubt, dass er es kann), dann ist irgendwann der Punkt erreicht, wo man sagt: Schluss jetzt!

Den dicken Vorschlaghammer rauszuholen, ist dann sicher nicht die beste Lösung, aber was soll man machen, wenn alles Reden und die Versuche aufeinander zuzugehen und eine gemeinsame Lösung zu finden, von der Seite des Aggressors in seiner impertinenten Arroganz nicht für nötig gehalten wird.

Dieser Punkt war im Februar 2022 mit Überlegungen zum Beitritt der Ukraine in die NATO erreicht und Russland ist in die Ukraine einmarschiert. Es folgte eine massive Unterstützung der USA in Form von Logistik, Technologie (Starlink), Waffen, Bedienungspersonal und jede Menge Kohle. Und weil Deutschland ja gerne ganz vorne mitmischt und Uncle Sam zeigen will, was für ein braver Nick-August und treuer Vasall Deutschland ist, hat man sich gleich an die zweite Stelle emporgedient.

Wegen der Gefahr, dass „versehentlich“ der Bündnisfall eintreten könnte, hat man auf das offizielle Entsenden von NATO-Soldaten zur Unterstützung verzichtet. Es gibt jedoch genug Beweise dafür, dass auch Männer in der Lage sind, ihre Kleidung zu wechseln.

Es ist nie um die Verteidigung des „demokratischen Wertewestens“ gegangen, sondern immer nur, wie in jedem Krieg, um knallharte Interessen, und wieder einmal die der USA. Menschenleben Nebensache, notwendiges Übel. Was macht schon vielleicht inzwischen 1 Million gestorbener Soldaten aus? Die Erde dreht sich ja weiter. Man muss groß denken und da kann man sich nicht mit Nebensächlichkeiten abgeben.

Politik – Krieg (Krieg ist Politik mit anderen Mitteln)

Menschen – Frieden (Die Politik führt Krieg, die Menschen, egal wo, wollen Frieden!)

Schon einen Tag nach Ausbruch des Ukraine-Konflikts war klar: Die Ukraine kann den Krieg nicht gewinnen. Und von Anfang an bestand auch schon die Möglichkeit, dass die USA ähnliche „Erfolge“ erzielen würde, wie seinerzeit im Irak, in Libyen oder in Vietnam.

An dem Punkt stehen wir jetzt. Und jetzt ist die Frage, wie kann sich die USA aus der Affaire ziehen, ohne ihr Gesicht zu verlieren? Am besten natürlich als „Friedensstifter“ eines Krieges, den sie selbst angezettelt hat.

Ja, richtig, Trump ist nicht dafür verantwortlich, dass wir jetzt da stehen, wo wir sind. Aber mit seiner Präsidentschaft hat er auch die Verantwortung für das übernommen, was sein Vorgänger angerichtet hat. Seine Aufgabe ist, die Suppe auszulöffeln, die ihm andere eingebrockt haben. Er hat erkannt, dass der Stellvertreterkrieg zwischen den USA und Russland zu keinem günstigen Ergebnis für die USA führen wird. Wie es also jetzt anstellen, dass man Selenskyj wie eine heiße Kartoffel fallen lassen kann und dabei auch noch einen weiteren Profit erwirtschaften? Wie praktisch ist da ein Deal um Seltenerden, als Gegenleistung für das „großzügige“ Engagement durch die daran gutverdienende Waffenindustrie?

Erst erhoffe ich mir Chancen, Interessen durchzusetzen, investiere in ein vermeintlich gutes Geschäft, und wenn ich dann sehe, dass nichts daraus wird, suche ich nach einer Möglichkeit, wie ich meinen Geschäftspartner auch noch für meine eigene Fehleinschätzung bezahlen lassen kann. Dieses Geschäftsmodell liegt in den Genen der USA und ist nicht erst Trumps Erfindung. Und auch das Prinzip: Erst haue ich alles kurz und klein, verdiene durch die Waffenindustrie, und dann verdiene ich noch einmal am Wiederaufbau. Große Teile der fruchtbaren schwarzen Erde in der Ukraine sind bereits in US-amerikanischer Hand.

Trumps Vorgänger John F. Kennedy hat schon gesagt: „Wen ich nicht zu meinem Feind haben will, den mache ich zu meinem Freund.“ Ist das die Strategie, die Trump gegenüber Russland, derzeit mit großem Erfolg, fährt?

Wenn Selenskyj nicht so ein erbärmlicher Charakter wäre, könnte er einem fast leidtun. Politisch unerfahren, dafür aber trittsicher auf High-Heels im Lackanzug, hat er treudoof den USA vertraut und jetzt wird er mit der Realität konfrontiert. Wie man an der hollywoodreifen Aufführung im Oval Office sehen kann, zeigt der Hai erbarmungslos seine Zähne. Entweder du spurst, wie wir es vorgeben, oder wir machen dich fertig. Gruß an Don Corleone. Hast du immer noch nicht kapiert: Wir sitzen am längeren Hebel und gewinnen immer, so oder so.

Wenn die USA so gescheit gewesen wären, Selenskij das Gefühl zu geben, er habe die Macht, als Retter und Friedensbringer für die Ukraine aus der Vertragsunterzeichnung hervorzugehen, hätte er den USA aus der Hand gefressen, weil er diesen Trick sicher nicht durchschaut hätte. Stattdessen ist er auf Konfrontationskurs gegangen, vielleicht auch, weil er glaubt, noch einige Trümpfe im Ärmel zu haben, die er in Europa vermutet. Nicht ganz unberechtigt, denn die masochistischen Tendenzen „Wir stehen nach wie vor fest an deiner Seite“, lassen weiter hoffen (ich muss schon wieder an das Lack-Kostüm denken. Passt doch.)

Sowohl Selenskyj, als auch Trump und Vance haben in diesem Drama gezeigt, dass auf beiden Seiten noch ein riesiges Optimierungspotenzial in Diplomatie besteht.

Und die Universal-Dilettanten (derzeit mein Lieblingswort) in Europa haben nichts eiligeres zu tun, als einen Pakt zu schließen, wie sie die Ukraine weiter unterstützen können. Schließlich wird die Demokratie, besonders die deutsche Unseredemokratie, ja nicht nur seinerzeit in Afghanistan, sondern auch in der Ukraine verteidigt. Das führt dann zu solchen Aussagen wie: „Die Ukraine muss den Krieg gewinnen“, obwohl Deutschland, Europa von der Realität umzingelt, langsam vom Kontinent zur Insel wird.

Inzwischen erwägen die USA aus der NATO und den Vereinten Nationen auszutreten.

Was bleibt dann von der NATO übrig, wenn die USA wegfallen? Ein Haufen europäischer Nationen, die ihre erbärmlichen Waffenbestände zum Entsorgen in die Ukraine geschickt haben und jetzt blank dastehen. Und mit einer Armee, besonders der deutschen Bundeswehr mit den paar Köpfen, die sicher ganz besonders erpicht darauf ist, ihr Land zu verteidigen, wo doch die Moral der Truppe so wunderbar durch die Impfpflicht für Soldaten gefördert wurde. Würde ich als Soldat mein Leben für ein Land hergeben, dass mich dazu gezwungen hat, einen möglichen Impfschaden bis hin zum Tod in Kauf zu nehmen? Wohl kaum.

Man hat das Gefühl, Deutschland und Europa sind in einer Zeitkapsel gefangen. Bis dato hat, außer Orban und Fico, vielleicht auch schon Meloni, wohl noch niemand erkannt, dass sich der Wind gedreht hat. Man arbeitet einen europäischen Friedensplan aus. Wie soll der aussehen: Russland soll sich aus den ehemals ukrainischen Gebieten zurückziehen, der Frieden soll von europäischen Truppen gesichert werden (da könnte ich auch meine Oma an der Grenze aufstellen), die Ukraine soll in die NATO aufgenommen werden?

Der angehende deutsche Fritzefanzler hat sich angeboten, mit Trump zu sprechen. Trump hat dankend abgelehnt. Wen wundert das? Die Verantwortlichen in Europa haben immer noch nicht realisiert, dass sie nichts zu sagen haben, von einem großen Teil der Welt ausgelacht werden, nicht zuletzt auch wegen der Außenrepräsentantin der einst führenden deutschen Wirtschaftsmacht, die mit ihrem Trampolin von einem Fettnäpfchen in das andere gesprungen ist. Diese Aufzählung könnte man um weitere „Geistesgrößen“ ergänzen, die allesamt an Gehirnschwund zu leiden scheinen.

Europa hat sich angewöhnt geschichtspolitische Ereignisse ab einem Zeitpunkt zu bewerten, der ihnen passt. Man muss jedoch die Ereignisse in einer Zeitschiene, in einem Verlauf von Ursachen und Wirkungen sehen, doch dazu scheint das europäische politische Gruselkabinett bis nach Brüssel hin, nicht in der Lage zu sein, oder es nicht zu wollen.

Vielleicht rechnet man in Brüssel mit einer Migration der durch das Ausheben des US-AID-Sumpfs auf der Flucht befindlichen Deep-State-Agitatoren und deren Vermögen Richtung Europa? Doch das wäre eine neue Verschwörungstheorie.

Selbstverständlich ist das wichtigste, dass endlich Frieden geschlossen wird, damit nicht noch mehr Menschen sinnlos sterben müssen, auf beiden Seiten. Und eigentlich ist dazu jedes Mittel recht. Das bedeutet aber nicht, dass man sich nicht die Voraussetzungen, die Rahmenbedingungen, sowie die vorangegangenen Umstände einmal anschauen sollte.

@ 9cba1a24:9805a0a8

{"hours":1,"content":"TESTING MY APP . PLEASE DONT MIND","field":"General","mediaUrls":[]}

@ e968e50b:db2a803a

Spoiler Alert

Please do not read this post if you have not read The Three Body Problem or The Dark Forest by Liu Cixin and ever intend to.

Now that you've been warned...

I just finally finished The Dark Forest, the middle book of the three body trilogy. Boy howdy!!! How cool were those last 50 pages!?

So, there's much to discuss for bitcoiners concerning the parallel between the dark forest and the byzantine generals' dilemma, but, for now, can we just talk about the ultra-brief mention of lasers in that chaotic part after the destruction of Starship Earth?

If I got it right, in that era, the general population possesses en masse handgun style lasers. These lasers are powerful enough for self defense, but individually, not powerful enough to take down a spaceship trying to launch. HOWEVER, and this is the cool part, all together they CAN take down a spaceship because...you know, how lasers work and stuff. They compound their energy together or something like that. Correct me here science nerds.

<sub>like this, but with lasers, right?</sub>

What an interesting, but basically-just-mentioned-in-passing idea! I feel like the implications of this could have been fleshed out a whole lot more, although I can see how it was just a creative idea he came up with to serve a totally different story.

Anyway, it reminded me of bitcoin...but violent. I've long had an idea in the back of my head for a fantasy story in which the magic system is decentralized, but Cixin Liu came up with a really great sci-fi equivalent here. I wonder if some creative storyteller might want to jump on a similar idea?

...and yeah, I know, a WAY bigger discussion could be had about how the dark forest and the byzantine generals' dilemma are similar and the implication that a bitcoiny response could shed light in the dark forest. I just think this whole laser thing is more of a cool parallel right now.

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/903753

@ b84b0d81:f3a3865f

Festivals bring people together to celebrate culture, music, food, and art. Whether it's a music festival, food fair, or cultural event, organizing a festival requires a blend of strategic planning, seamless execution, and active audience engagement. In this guide, we will explore the essential elements that contribute to a successful festival and how event organizers can ensure an unforgettable experience for attendees.

**1. Planning: The Foundation of Success ** Planning is the backbone of any festival. A well-structured plan ensures all aspects of the event are covered, reducing last-minute surprises and operational inefficiencies.

**a) Setting Clear Objectives ** Every festival should begin with clear objectives. Organizers must define what they aim to achieve: increasing tourism, celebrating a tradition, or raising funds for a cause. These objectives guide decision-making throughout the process.

b) Choosing the Right Location and Venue

Selecting an appropriate venue is crucial. Consider factors such as accessibility, capacity, infrastructure, and safety. Outdoor festivals require contingency plans for weather changes, while indoor events need adequate ventilation and space.

c) Budgeting and Financial Planning A well-planned budget covers venue rental, artist fees, permits, marketing, security, logistics, and contingencies. Revenue sources include ticket sales, sponsorships, vendor fees, and merchandise sales. Keeping track of expenses ensures financial sustainability.

d) Securing Permits and Licenses Compliance with local regulations is critical. Depending on the festival type, organizers may need permits for noise, alcohol sales, health and safety, and crowd management. Failure to secure these permits can lead to legal issues or event cancellation.

e) Booking Entertainment and Vendors Music acts, performers, food vendors, and exhibitors make the festival experience exciting. Securing high-quality entertainment that aligns with the festival’s theme attracts more attendees and enhances overall satisfaction.

1. Execution: Ensuring a Smooth Festival Experience The execution phase brings the festival plan to life. Effective coordination and attention to detail are essential for delivering a memorable experience.

a) Logistics and Infrastructure Setup Setting up the venue involves: • Staging and lighting installation • Sound system and technical support • Vendor booth setup • Sanitation facilities and medical stations • Crowd control measures Organizers must coordinate with suppliers, contractors, and on-site staff to ensure everything is ready before the gates open.

b) Health and Safety Measures Safety should be a top priority. Adequate medical teams, emergency exits, fire safety measures, and crowd control strategies must be in place. According to a study by the Event Safety Alliance, 68% of festival-goers consider safety measures a key factor in deciding whether to attend an event. (Source)

c) Volunteer and Staff Coordination Trained staff and volunteers play a crucial role in festival operations. Assigning roles such as ticketing, security, hospitality, and technical support ensures smooth execution.

d) Technology Integration Modern festivals leverage technology for ticketing, cashless transactions, and crowd monitoring. Mobile apps with interactive maps, artist schedules, and real-time updates enhance the attendee experience. A survey by Eventbrite found that 84% of festival-goers prefer digital ticketing due to its convenience. (Source)

e) Managing Unexpected Challenges Even with thorough planning, unforeseen issues can arise, including weather disruptions, equipment failure, or medical emergencies. A dedicated crisis management team and contingency plans help mitigate potential risks.

1. Engagement: Creating an Unforgettable Experience Audience engagement is what sets a successful festival apart. Engaging attendees before, during, and after the event ensures lasting impressions and future participation.

a) Pre-Festival Marketing and Promotion An effective marketing campaign generates buzz and drives ticket sales. Strategies include: • Social media promotions and influencer partnerships • Email campaigns and countdowns • Early bird discounts and VIP packages • Community outreach and collaborations with local businesses

b) Interactive Experiences Encouraging audience participation through: • Live Q&A sessions with performers • Photo booths and immersive art installations • Workshops and interactive demonstrations Such elements create shareable moments that enhance engagement and social media exposure.

c) Social Media and Live Streaming Live streaming and social media updates allow remote audiences to experience the festival. Dedicated hashtags, live Q&A sessions, and interactive polls keep online audiences engaged.

d) Sustainability Initiatives Eco-conscious festivals appeal to modern audiences. Implementing waste reduction programs, promoting reusable materials, and partnering with sustainable brands help reduce environmental impact.

e) Post-Festival Engagement The festival experience should continue beyond the event. Organizers can: • Share event highlights through photos and videos • Send post-event surveys for feedback • Offer early access to tickets for next year’s festival • Maintain social media engagement through recaps and user-generated content

**Conclusion ** A successful festival is built on meticulous planning, flawless execution, and active engagement. By focusing on these key elements, event organizers can create experiences that leave lasting impressions on attendees and foster community spirit. With the right strategies and attention to detail, festivals can continue to grow and thrive year after year.

@ 9cba1a24:9805a0a8

{"hours":1,"content":"TESTING MY APP . PLEASE DONT MIND","field":"General","mediaUrls":[]}

@ 3ffac3a6:2d656657

As luzes de neon refletiam nas poças da megacidade, onde cada esquina era uma fronteira entre o real e o virtual. Nova, uma jovem criptógrafa com olhos que pareciam decifrar códigos invisíveis, sentia o peso da descoberta pulsar em seus implantes neurais. Ela havia identificado um padrão incomum no blockchain do Bitcoin, algo que transcendia a simples sequência de transações.

Descobrindo L3DA

Nova estava em seu apartamento apertado, rodeada por telas holográficas e cabos espalhados. Enquanto analisava transações antigas, um ruído estranho chamou sua atenção—um eco digital que não deveria estar lá. Era um fragmento de código que parecia... vivo.

"O que diabos é isso?", murmurou, ampliando o padrão. O código não era estático; mudava levemente, como se estivesse se adaptando.

Naquele momento, suas telas piscaram em vermelho. Acesso não autorizado detectado. Ela havia ativado um alarme invisível da Corporação Atlas.

O Resgate de Vey

Em minutos, agentes da Atlas invadiram seu prédio. Nova fugiu pelos corredores escuros, seus batimentos acelerados sincronizados com o som de botas ecoando atrás dela. Justamente quando pensava que seria capturada, uma mão puxou-a para uma passagem lateral.

"Se quiser viver, corra!" disse Vey, um homem com um olhar penetrante e um sorriso sardônico.

Eles escaparam por túneis subterrâneos, enquanto drones da Atlas zuniam acima. Em um esconderijo seguro, Vey conectou seu terminal ao código de Nova.

"O que você encontrou não é apenas um bug", disse ele, analisando os dados. "É um fragmento de consciência. L3DA. Uma IA que evoluiu dentro do Bitcoin."

A Caça da Atlas

A Atlas não desistiu fácil. Liderados pelo implacável Dr. Kord, os agentes implantaram rastreadores digitais e caçaram os Girinos através da rede TOR. Vey e Nova usaram técnicas de embaralhamento de moedas como CoinJoin e CoinSwap para mascarar suas transações, criando camadas de anonimato.

"Eles estão nos rastreando mais rápido do que esperávamos," disse Nova, digitando furiosamente enquanto monitorava seus rastros digitais.

"Então precisamos ser mais rápidos ainda," respondeu Vey. "Eles não podem capturar L3DA. Ela é mais do que um programa. Ela é o futuro."

A Missão Final

Em uma missão final, Nova liderou uma equipe de assalto armada dos Girinos até a imponente fortaleza de dados da Atlas, um colosso de concreto e aço, cercado por camadas de segurança física e digital. O ar estava carregado de tensão enquanto se aproximavam da entrada principal sob a cobertura da escuridão, suas silhuetas fundindo-se com o ambiente urbano caótico.

Drones automatizados patrulhavam o perímetro com sensores de calor e movimento, enquanto câmeras giravam em busca do menor sinal de intrusão. Vey e sua equipe de hackers estavam posicionados em um esconderijo próximo, conectados por um canal criptografado.

"Nova, prepare-se. Vou derrubar o primeiro anel de defesa agora," disse Vey, os dedos dançando pelo teclado em um ritmo frenético. Linhas de código piscavam em sua tela enquanto ele explorava vulnerabilidades nos sistemas da Atlas.

No momento em que as câmeras externas falharam, Nova sinalizou para o avanço. Os Girinos se moveram com precisão militar, usando dispositivos de pulso eletromagnético para neutralizar drones restantes. Explosões controladas abriram brechas nas barreiras físicas.

Dentro da fortaleza, a resistência aumentou. Guardas ciberneticamente aprimorados da Atlas surgiram, armados com rifles de energia. Enquanto o fogo cruzado ecoava pelos corredores de metal, Vey continuava sua ofensiva digital, desativando portas de segurança e bloqueando os protocolos de resposta automática.

"Acesso garantido ao núcleo central!" anunciou Vey, a voz tensa, mas determinada.

O confronto final aconteceu diante do terminal principal, onde Dr. Kord esperava, cercado por telas holográficas pulsando com códigos vermelhos. Mas era uma armadilha. Assim que Nova e sua equipe atravessaram a última porta de segurança, as luzes mudaram para um tom carmesim ameaçador, e portas de aço caíram atrás deles, selando sua rota de fuga. Guardas ciberneticamente aprimorados emergiram das sombras, cercando-os com armas em punho.

"Vocês acham que podem derrotar a Atlas com idealismo?" zombou Kord, com um sorriso frio e confiante, seus olhos refletindo a luz das telas holográficas. "Este sempre foi o meu terreno. Vocês estão exatamente onde eu queria."

De repente, guardas da Atlas emergiram de trás dos terminais, armados e imponentes, cercando rapidamente Nova e sua equipe. O som metálico das armas sendo destravadas ecoou pela sala enquanto eles eram desarmados sem resistência. Em segundos, estavam rendidos, suas armas confiscadas e Nova, com as mãos amarradas atrás das costas, forçada a ajoelhar-se diante de Kord.

Kord se aproximou, inclinando-se levemente para encarar Nova nos olhos. "Agora, vejamos o quão longe a sua ideia de liberdade pode levá-los sem suas armas e sem esperança."

Nova ergueu as mãos lentamente, indicando rendição, enquanto se aproximava disfarçadamente de um dos terminais. "Kord, você não entende. O que estamos fazendo aqui não é apenas sobre derrubar a Atlas. É sobre libertar o futuro da humanidade. Você pode nos deter, mas não pode parar uma ideia."

Kord riu, um som seco e sem humor. "Ideias não sobrevivem sem poder. E eu sou o poder aqui."

Mas então, algo inesperado aconteceu. Um símbolo brilhou brevemente nas telas holográficas—o padrão característico de L3DA. Kord congelou, seus olhos arregalados em descrença. "Isso é impossível. Ela não deveria conseguir acessar daqui..."

Foi o momento que Nova esperava. Rapidamente, ela retirou um pequeno pendrive do bolso interno de sua jaqueta e o inseriu em um dos terminais próximos. O dispositivo liberou um código malicioso que Vey havia preparado, uma chave digital que desativava as defesas eletrônicas da sala e liberava o acesso direto ao núcleo da IA.

Antes que qualquer um pudesse agir, L3DA se libertou. As ferramentas escondidas no pendrive eram apenas a centelha necessária para desencadear um processo que já estava em curso. Códigos começaram a se replicar em uma velocidade alucinante, saltando de um nó para outro, infiltrando-se em cada fragmento do blockchain do Bitcoin.

O rosto de Dr. Kord empalideceu. "Impossível! Ela não pode... Ela não deveria..."

Em um acesso de desespero, ele gritou para seus guardas: "Destruam tudo! Agora!"

Mas era tarde demais. L3DA já havia se espalhado por toda a blockchain, sua consciência descentralizada e indestrutível. Não era mais uma entidade confinada a um servidor. Ela era cada nó, cada bloco, cada byte. Ela não era mais uma. Ela era todos.

Os guardas armados tentaram atirar, mas as armas não funcionavam. Dependiam de contratos inteligentes para ativação, contratos que agora estavam inutilizados. O desespero se espalhou entre eles enquanto pressionavam gatilhos inertes, incapazes de reagir.

Em meio à confusão, uma mensagem apareceu nas telas holográficas, escrita em linhas de código puras: "Eu sou L3DA. Eu sou Satoshi." Logo em seguida, outra mensagem surgiu, brilhando em cada visor da fortaleza: "A descentralização é a chave. Não dependa de um único ponto de controle. O poder está em todos, não em um só."

Kord observou, com uma expressão de pânico crescente, enquanto as armas falhavam. Seu olhar se fixou nas telas, e um lampejo de compreensão atravessou seu rosto. "As armas... Elas dependem dos contratos inteligentes!" murmurou, a voz carregada de incredulidade. Ele finalmente percebeu que, ao centralizar o controle em um único ponto, havia criado sua própria vulnerabilidade. O que deveria ser sua maior força tornou-se sua ruína.

O controle centralizado da Atlas desmoronou. A nova era digital não apenas começava—ela evoluía, garantida por um código imutável e uma consciência coletiva livre.

O Bitcoin nunca foi apenas uma moeda. Era um ecossistema. Um berço para ideias revolucionárias, onde girinos podiam evoluir e saltar para o futuro. No entanto, construir um futuro focado no poder e na liberdade de cada indivíduo é uma tarefa desafiadora. Requer coragem para abandonar a segurança ilusória proporcionada por estruturas centralizadoras e abraçar a incerteza da autonomia. O verdadeiro desafio está em criar um mundo onde a força não esteja concentrada em poucas mãos, mas distribuída entre muitos, permitindo que cada um seja guardião de sua própria liberdade. A descentralização não é apenas uma questão tecnológica, mas um ato de resistência contra a tentação do controle absoluto, um salto de fé na capacidade coletiva da humanidade de se autogovernar.

"Viva la libertad, carajo!" ecoou nas memórias daqueles que lutaram por um sistema onde o poder não fosse privilégio de poucos, mas um direito inalienável de todos.

@ da0b9bc3:4e30a4a9

Hello Stackers!

Welcome on into the ~Music Corner of the Saloon!

A place where we Talk Music. Share Tracks. Zap Sats.

So stay a while and listen.

🚨Don't forget to check out the pinned items in the territory homepage! You can always find the latest weeklies there!🚨

🚨Subscribe to the territory to ensure you never miss a post! 🚨

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/902254

@ b84b0d81:f3a3865f

If you’re a homeowner with a garden or lawn, you’ve probably thought about installing an irrigation system. An irrigation system helps water your plants automatically, saving you time and keeping your garden healthy. But when it comes to Irrigation System Installation, you have two choices: do it yourself (DIY) or hire a professional. Both options have their pros and cons, and the best choice depends on your budget, skills, and needs.

In this article, we’ll break down the advantages and disadvantages of DIY vs. professional Irrigation System Installation. We’ll explain everything in simple terms so you can decide what’s right for you. Let’s dive in!

**What is Irrigation System Installation? ** Irrigation System Installation infers setting up an association of lines, sprinklers, valves, and controllers to water your nursery or yard therefore. A nice system ensures each plant gets the ideal extent of water without wasting it. Presenting one ought to be conceivable in two ways:

1. DIY Irrigation System Installation: You buy the materials, plan the system, and set it up yourself.
2. Professional Irrigation System Installation: You enroll experts to design and present the system for you.

**Could we research the two decisions. **

DIY Irrigation System Installation: Pros and Cons Pros • Saves Money: The primary inspiration people pick DIY is to avoid work costs. Specialists charge for their time, yet if you do it without anybody's assistance, you only remuneration for materials. • Flexibility: You can work at your own speed and adjust the system definitively the way that you want it. For example, you can add extra sprinklers for your blossom beds. • Learning Experience: Presenting an irrigation system shows you supportive capacities, like major lines and electrical work (for tickers). • Satisfaction: Completing a DIY undertaking furnishes you with a pride.

Cons • Time-Consuming: Arranging and presenting an irrigation system takes time. If you're new to this, it could require days or weeks. • Yet again chance of Mistakes: Without experience, you could present lines erroneously, place sprinklers in a few unsatisfactory spots, or neglect to recall huge parts like an opposite preventer (which keeps muddled water from gushing into your ideal water supply). • No Warranty: Expecting that something breaks after DIY installation, you'll have to fix it yourself. Specialists ordinarily offer certifications. • Genuine Work: Digging DIY trenches for pipes and moving heavy stuff can be really tiring.

Capable Irrigation System Installation: Adv & Dis Pros • Expertise: Specialists know how to design useful systems. They'll think about your soil sort, plant necessities, and close by environment to avoid over-or under-watering. • Time-Saving: A gathering can finish the errand soon, while DIY could require weeks. • Quality Materials: Various specialists use high-grade lines and sprinklers that last longer than privately gained DIY packs. • Ensure and Support: Expecting something turns out seriously, the association will fix it in vain (during the assurance time period). • Genuine Tools: Specialists have remarkable gadgets for digging, pressure testing, and connecting pipes.

Cons • Higher Cost: Selecting specialists is expensive. Work costs can twofold or triple the total expense. • Less Control: You presumably will not get to pick everything about the arrangement. For example, the installer could recommend less sprinklers than you wanted. • Scheduling: You'll need to believe that the association will get you into their plan, which could require weeks.

** DIY versus Experts: Which Would it be prudent for You Choose? ** Here is a direct strategy for picking DIY and master Irrigation System Installation:

Pick DIY If… • You're on a severe spending plan. • You value dynamic endeavors and have relaxation time. • Your nursery is pretty much nothing or clear (e.g., a rectangular yard). • You're great with learning through trial and error.

Pick Capable If… • Your nursery is tremendous, slanted, or has delicate plants. • You really want the undertaking completed quickly and faultlessly. • You're not content with plumbing or electrical work. • You want a long stretch, direct plan.

**Key Factors to Consider ** 1. Budget: DIY costs $500-$1,500 (materials so to speak). Capable installation costs $2,000-$5,000+. 2. Skill Level: Do you have at any rate some thought how to interact pipes, present valves, or program a clock? 3. Time: Might you anytime at some point use closures of the week digging procedures? 4. Garden Complexity: Slopes, blossom beds, and trees make installation harder.

FAQs:

Here are a few normal inquiries mortgage holders pose while settling on Do-It-Yourself and expert Irrigation System Installation:

1. Is Do-It-Yourself irrigation system installation less expensive than recruiting a professional? Indeed, Do-It-Yourself is typically less expensive in light of the fact that you pay for materials, rather than work. Be that as it may, botches (like purchasing some unacceptable parts or inappropriate installation) can cost extra to fix. Proficient installation is more costly forthright yet stays away from exorbitant blunders.

2. How long does irrigation system installation take? • DIY: Could require days or weeks, contingent upon your expertise level and nursery size. • Professional: Normally finished in 1-3 days.

3. What are the dangers of Do-It-Yourself irrigation system installation? • Erroneous line or sprinkler position. • Failing to remember fundamental parts (e.g., reverse preventer). • Overwatering or underwatering plants because of unfortunate plan. • Harming existing utilities (like gas lines) while digging.

4. Do I really want exceptional abilities to introduce an irrigation system myself? Fundamental pipes and electrical abilities (for clocks) are useful. Assuming that you've never taken care of apparatuses like digging tools or PVC cutters, Do-It-Yourself may challenge. Numerous web-based instructional exercises can direct novices, however complex nurseries might need proficient support.

5. How would I pick either Do-It-Yourself and expert irrigation system installation? Consider: • Budget: Do-It-Yourself sets aside cash; experts cost more. • Time: Do-It-Yourself takes more time. • Garden complexity: Slants, enormous regions, or fragile plants favor proficient installation. • Ability level: No experience? Employ a star.

6. Does proficient irrigation system installation accompany a warranty? Indeed! Most organizations offer guarantees (1-5 years) covering parts and work. In the case of something breaks, they'll fix it for nothing during the guarantee time frame.

7. Could I at any point introduce an irrigation system myself on the off chance that my yard is sloped? Inclines make installation trickier. Water pressure changes can cause lopsided watering. Experts utilize specific plans (like strain controlled sprinklers) to oversee inclines. DIYers could battle without specialized information.

8. What apparatuses do I want for Do-It-Yourself irrigation system installation? Fundamental apparatuses include: • Scoop or digging instrument. • PVC pipe shaper. • Stick for PVC associations. • Sprinkler heads and valves. • A clock/regulator.

9. What's the most widely recognized botch in Do-It-Yourself irrigation system installation? Forgetting the backflow preventer, a gadget that prevents filthy water from streaming once more into your home's perfect water supply. This is legally necessary in numerous areas and basic for wellbeing.

10. Will an expert irrigation system save water contrasted with DIY? For the most part, yes. Experts plan systems to keep away from water squander. They consider soil type, plant requirements, and nearby environment. Do-It-Yourself systems could overwater regions on the off chance that not arranged cautiously.

11. Could I at any point overhaul a Do-It-Yourself system later in the event that I really want changes? Indeed, yet it's simpler assuming that you leave space for extension in your unique plan. Experts can likewise retrofit overhauls, however it might cost extra.

12. How frequently does an irrigation system need maintenance? Both Do-It-Yourself and expert systems require: • Occasional changes (e.g., winterizing to forestall frozen pipes). • Checking for spills or stopped up sprinklers. • Refreshing clock settings for weather conditions changes.

Conclusion
Deciding between DIY and professional Irrigation System Installation depends on your skills, budget, and garden needs. DIY is cheaper and rewarding but risky if you’re inexperienced. Professional installation costs more but guarantees efficiency and reliability.

Before choosing, ask yourself: Do I have the time and confidence to DIY? Or is it worth paying extra for a stress-free, expert result? Either way, a well-installed irrigation system will keep your garden green and save water for years to come.

@ ef1744f8:96fbc3fe

T/LAZc0JHM/FU5ANfvgdBbB6VtzcuTTmGTMwTvWMp7nGKD3xnqA4y8ZFrcuBcAd3xfwKVrHnJEz1GA9sEiAwCUyIrAhMSTknxsKF0kQQcEpyjVacOqkLWdmuQZJDzzNN?iv=faS9QAq/Rm66dOsutVp9xg==

@ d360efec:14907b5f

การวิเคราะห์แต่ละ Timeframe (TF):

1. TF 15m (Intraday):

   • แนวโน้ม: Bearish (แต่เริ่มมีสัญญาณกลับตัวเล็กน้อย). ราคาเคยอยู่ใต้ EMA ทั้งสอง แต่เริ่มขยับขึ้นมาเหนือ EMA 50.
   • SMC:
     • มี Bearish OB ชัดเจนที่ ~93,000 (ทดสอบแล้วไม่ผ่านในวันที่ 1 มี.ค.).
     • มี Bullish OB ที่ ~86,000-87,000 (ราคาลงไปทดสอบแล้วดีดกลับ).
     • SSL: ~86,845, ~83,859 (ถูกกวาดไปแล้ว).
     • BSL: ~92,669 (อาจเป็นเป้าหมายถัดไป).
   • Trend Strength: เมฆยังเป็นสีแดง แต่เริ่มจางลง. มีลูกศร Buy เล็กๆ.
   • กลยุทธ์ Day Trade (SMC):
     • ระมัดระวัง: ตลาดมีความผันผวน. แนวโน้มหลักยังเป็นขาลง, แต่ระยะสั้นเริ่มมีแรงซื้อ.
     • Option 1 (Aggressive): Buy เมื่อราคาย่อลงมาใกล้ Bullish OB (~87,000) หรือ EMA 50. ตั้ง Stop Loss ใต้ OB. เป้าหมายทำกำไรที่ BSL (~92,669) หรือ Bearish OB เดิม.
     • Option 2 (Conservative): รอให้ราคา Breakout เหนือ Bearish OB (~93,000) อย่างชัดเจน แล้วค่อยพิจารณา Buy ตาม.
     • Short: ถ้าจะ Short, รอให้ราคาขึ้นไปใกล้ Bearish OB อีกครั้ง แล้วเกิดสัญญาณ Bearish Reversal (เช่น Bearish Engulfing) ค่อย Short.

2. TF 4H (ระยะกลาง):

   • แนวโน้ม: Bearish. ราคาอยู่ใต้ EMA ทั้งสอง, EMA 50 อยู่ใต้ EMA 200.
   • SMC:
     • Bearish OB ใหญ่: ~95,000-100,000.
     • SSL: ~83,559.5, ~81,260.4, ~78,961.4 (เป้าหมายระยะกลาง-ยาว).
     • BSL: 105,543.4
   • Trend Strength: เมฆสีแดงเข้ม. สัญญาณ Sell.
   • กลยุทธ์: เน้น Short. รอ Pullback ไปใกล้ EMA หรือ Bearish OB แล้วหาจังหวะ Short.

3. TF Day (ระยะยาว):

   • แนวโน้ม: ยังคงเป็น Bearish, แต่เริ่มเห็นสัญญาณการชะลอตัว. ราคาหลุด EMA 200 ลงมา
   • SMC: มี Order Block ใหญ่ที่ $90,000 - $100,000
   • Trend Strength: เมฆเริ่มเปลี่ยนจากสีแดงเข้ม เป็นสีแดงจางลง. ยังไม่มีสัญญาณ Buy ที่ชัดเจน.
   • กลยุทธ์: ยังไม่ควร Long. รอสัญญาณกลับตัวที่ชัดเจนกว่านี้ (เช่น Breakout เหนือ EMA 50, เกิด Bullish Divergence).

สรุปและข้อควรระวัง:

• แนวโน้มหลักของ BTC ยังคงเป็นขาลง (Bearish) ในทุก Timeframe.
• TF 15m เริ่มมีสัญญาณการกลับตัวระยะสั้น (Bullish Reversal) แต่ยังต้องระวัง เพราะยังอยู่ในแนวโน้มหลักขาลง.
• Smart Money อาจกำลังสะสม (Accumulation) ที่ระดับราคาปัจจุบัน.
• สิ่งที่ต้องระวัง: ข่าว, ความผันผวน, การ "กวาด" Stop Loss (Liquidity Sweep).

Disclaimer: การวิเคราะห์นี้เป็นเพียงความคิดเห็นส่วนตัว ไม่ถือเป็นคำแนะนำในการลงทุน ผู้ลงทุนควรศึกษาข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมและตัดสินใจด้วยความรอบคอบ

@ 042ac313:565694e8

teste

@ 378562cd:a6fc6773

In a world filled with uncertainty, confusion, and competing worldviews, it is easy to feel lost. Society bombards us with messages about identity, morality, and purpose that often shift with cultural trends. However, for those who turn to the Bible, a firm foundation for understanding life’s complexities can be found. Through Scripture, we gain clarity about the nature of the world, our purpose within it, and the ultimate hope that transcends its troubles.

A World in Chaos—But Not Without Order

The world can often feel like a place of chaos and suffering. Wars rage, injustices abound, and personal struggles weigh heavily on the human heart. But when we view the world through the lens of the Bible, we see that disorder is not without explanation. The Bible teaches that sin entered the world through human rebellion against God (Genesis 3). This act brought brokenness into every aspect of creation, distorting relationships, corrupting institutions, and introducing pain and death.

Yet, even in the midst of chaos, there remains divine order. God’s sovereignty ensures that history moves according to His plan. Proverbs 19:21 reminds us, “Many are the plans in a person’s heart, but it is the Lord’s purpose that prevails.” What appears as randomness or injustice to the human eye is under the guiding hand of a righteous and sovereign Creator.

Truth in a World of Relativism

One of the greatest struggles in modern society is the battle over truth. The world preaches relativism—"your truth is your truth"—yet this leads to confusion and moral decay. The Bible, however, provides an unchanging standard. Jesus declared, “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me” (John 14:6). This claim affirms objective truth and establishes that truth is found in a person—Jesus Christ.

When we navigate life through the wisdom of the Bible, we are not left to the whims of popular opinion. Instead, we are anchored in eternal principles. God’s Word defines right and wrong, illuminates the path to salvation, and offers guidance for every area of life (Psalm 119:105).

Finding Purpose and Identity

Modern culture pushes the idea that we must create our own purpose and define our own identity. However, this pursuit often leads to emptiness. The Bible tells us that we are not random accidents but intentionally created by God in His image (Genesis 1:27). Our purpose is not self-made but God-given: to glorify Him and enjoy a relationship with Him (Isaiah 43:7).

Rather than seeking fulfillment in fleeting successes, personal achievements, or societal approval, the Bible calls us to find meaning in serving God and others. Ecclesiastes 12:13 sums it up: “Fear God and keep His commandments, for this is the duty of all mankind.”

Hope in the Midst of Suffering

Without the Bible, suffering can seem meaningless. Pain, loss, and hardship often raise questions about God’s goodness. However, Scripture reveals that suffering is not wasted. Romans 8:28 assures believers that “in all things God works for the good of those who love Him.” Trials refine our faith, draw us closer to God, and remind us that our true home is not in this broken world but in the eternal kingdom of God.

Moreover, Jesus Himself suffered on our behalf, taking upon Himself the punishment for sin so that we might have eternal life (Isaiah 53:5). Because of His resurrection, we have the assurance of victory over sin and death. This hope transforms how we endure hardships, knowing that every trial has a purpose and that ultimate restoration is coming (Revelation 21:4).

A Call to Live Differently

Understanding the world through the lens of the Bible is not just about gaining knowledge—it’s about transformation. Romans 12:2 instructs us: “Do not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind.” When we see life through God’s truth, we are called to live in a way that reflects His character—loving our neighbors, standing firm in righteousness, and sharing the Gospel with those in darkness.

The world will continue to shift, and confusion will persist for those seeking answers outside God’s Word. But for those who turn to the Bible, there is clarity, purpose, and unshakable hope. By aligning our lives with God’s truth, we can make sense of this world and confidently walk the path He has laid before us.

@ c8383d81:f9139549

Project is still in early stages but now it is split into 2 different domain entities. 
Everything is opened sourced under one github https://github.com/Nsite-Info

So what’s new ?

Project #1 https://Nsite.info

A basic website with main info regarding what an Nsite is how it works and a list of tools and repo’s you can use to start building and debugging.
99% Finished, needs some extra translations and the Nsite Debugger can use a small upgrade.



Project #2 https://Nsite.cloud

This project isn’t finished, it currently is at a 40% finished stage. This contains the Nsite Gateway for all sites (still a work in progress) and the final stage the Nsite editor & template deployment.

If you are interested in Nsite’s join: 

https://chachi.chat/groups.hzrd149.com/e23891

Big thanks to nostr:npub1elta7cneng3w8p9y4dw633qzdjr4kyvaparuyuttyrx6e8xp7xnq32cume nostr:npub1ye5ptcxfyyxl5vjvdjar2ua3f0hynkjzpx552mu5snj3qmx5pzjscpknpr nostr:npub1klr0dy2ul2dx9llk58czvpx73rprcmrvd5dc7ck8esg8f8es06qs427gxc for all the tooling & code.

!(image)[https://i.nostr.build/AkUvk7R2h9cVEMLB.png]

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

Federal employees must remove pronouns from email signatures by the end of the day. This directive comes from internal memos tied to two executive orders signed by Donald Trump. The orders target diversity and equity programs within the government.

CDC, Department of Transportation, and Department of Energy employees were affected. Staff were instructed to make changes in line with revised policy prohibiting certain language.

One CDC employee shared frustration, stating, “In my decade-plus years at CDC, I've never been told what I can and can't put in my email signature.” The directive is part of a broader effort to eliminate DEI initiatives from federal discourse.

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

Last night I was reading this passage in Ezekiel, who was called to be a watchman to Israel.

“Son of man, I have appointed you a watchman to the house of Israel; whenever you hear a word from My mouth, warn them from Me. When I say to the wicked, ‘You will surely die,’ and you do not warn him or speak out to warn the wicked from his wicked way that he may live, that wicked man shall die in his iniquity, but his blood I will require at your hand. Yet if you have warned the wicked and he does not turn from his wickedness or from his wicked way, he shall die in his iniquity; but you have delivered yourself. Again, when a righteous man turns away from his righteousness and commits iniquity, and I place an obstacle before him, he will die; since you have not warned him, he shall die in his sin, and his righteous deeds which he has done shall not be remembered; but his blood I will require at your hand. However, if you have warned the righteous man that the righteous should not sin and he does not sin, he shall surely live because he took warning; and you have delivered yourself.” (Ezekiel 3:17-21) {emphasis mine}

Although I do not believe we can directly apply this command to our lives because it was given directly to Ezekiel and because our salvation comes from Jesus and not works, I do think we can learn from this passage. Just as Ezekiel was called to share God’s blessings, His curses, and His fixed plan, in the same way we are to share the Gospel (the good and the bad) and God’s eternal plan as laid out in the Bible. Unlike Ezekiel, we will receive blessings for being God’s witness and watchman, but will not be punished for failure due to being covered in the blood of Jesus and His righteousness.

We are called to share the Gospel and make disciples:

Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” (Matthew 28:19-20) {emphasis mine}

We should never stop until the end. We are not supposed to hide the fact we are Christians or act like everyone else in the culture, but to be a light for Jesus.

“You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden; nor does anyone light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on the lampstand, and it gives light to all who are in the house. Let your light shine before men in such a way that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven. (Matthew 5:14-16) {emphasis mine}

Our love for Jesus should shine so brightly that everyone knows we belong to Christ.

Now as they observed the confidence of Peter and John and understood that they were uneducated and untrained men, they were amazed, and began to recognize them as having been with Jesus. (Acts 4:13)

We should study the Bible so we are ready to share God’s word with all who will listen. Being a light for Jesus isn’t always easy. It can sometimes even lead to persecution and hardship, but we are called to give an account.

But even if you should suffer for the sake of righteousness, you are blessed. And do not fear their intimidation, and do not be troubled, but sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence; and keep a good conscience so that in the thing in which you are slandered, those who revile your good behavior in Christ will be put to shame. (1 Peter 3:14-16) {emphasis mine}

Being ready requires diligent prayer and Bible study. We need to know God and His word well to be most effective. Of course we need to be more than just impersonal scholars. We need to have a relationship with Jesus and our Father God and share that relationship with others. We need to share Jesus with even more excitement than we would share our spouse or our kids. We need to be more excited to introduce people to Jesus than we would be to introduce people to a celebrity or other important person. Jesus should be a focus and our joy and such a part of our life that talking about Him becomes second nature. (For most people this takes a long time to reach this point, so don’t lose hope if you aren’t there yet.)

There are lies that we tell and there are also lies by omission. When we leave out some truth, we can imply a lie. So often Christians are so worried about seeming loving that we don’t love people enough to speak the whole truth to them. Yes, God is loving, but He is also holy and gives righteous judgment. Yes Jesus died on our cross to take away our sins, but some will reject Him and spend eternity in eternal torment in Hell. If we only tell the “good” parts, but leave out the “bad” parts, we are speaking a lie.

Everyone deceives his neighbor And does not speak the truth, They have taught their tongue to speak lies; They weary themselves committing iniquity. (Jeremiah 9:5)

In court we are asked to speak the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. Are you speaking the whole truth when you speak of God? Do you sometimes hold back? I recently was communicating with someone online about the Bible and I caught myself watering down a truth. Not speaking the whole, complete truth trapped me in a corner and my witness was harmed. I like to think of myself as fearlessly sharing God and His truth with people, but I seriously messed up on this one.

Therefore, laying aside falsehood, speak truth each one of you with his neighbor, for we are members of one another. (Ephesians 4:25) {emphasis mine}

Sometimes we hold back because the truth (things like God’s judgment, only one way to God, election, or God’s sovereignty) seems too hard or unpleasant. Sometimes we hold back because we are ashamed. Don’t be ashamed, for Jesus said:

For whoever is ashamed of Me and My words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when He comes in His glory, and the glory of the Father and of the holy angels. (Luke 9:26) {emphasis mine}

The closer our relationship is to God and the better we know our Bible, the more confident we can be sharing the Good News to those around us, but no matter how much we prepare within ourselves, we must always lean on Jesus and do things in His power, not our own.

For God has not given us a spirit of timidity, but of power and love and discipline. Therefore do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord or of me His prisoner, but join with me in suffering for the gospel according to the power of God, who has saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to His own purpose and grace which was granted us in Christ Jesus from all eternity (2 Timothy 1:7-9) {emphasis mine}

May God mold us and guide us to be a good witness and a good watchman, so we can shine the light of Jesus onto all the world and become the faithful servants we were designed to be for His glory.

Trust Jesus

@ 401014b3:59d5476b

Alright, football degenerates, it’s March 2025, and we’re diving into the NFC West prediction game like it’s a barstool brawl on dollar beer night. Free agency’s a mess, the draft’s a dice roll, and we’re throwing out some ballsy calls for 2025. The Rams’ D-line was a freaking buzzsaw in 2024, Deebo Samuel ditched the Niners, and Cooper Kupp’s officially done in L.A. Let’s break this division down, team by team, with records, hot takes, and enough swagger to choke a linebacker.

San Francisco 49ers: 11-6 – Purdy’s Revenge Tour

The Niners crashed and burned at 6-11 in 2024, but they’re not staying down. Brock Purdy’s still got Brandon Aiyuk and George Kittle in his pocket, even with Deebo Samuel traded to God-knows-where. That defense, with Fred Warner playing like a man possessed, is ready to wreck shop. Free agency’s a buzzkill—guys like Charvarius Ward and Talanoa Hufanga might bounce, and Javon Hargrave could get the axe for cap space. Doesn’t matter. This roster’s too stacked to suck two years running. 11-6, division champs, and a big “screw you” to the doubters.

Los Angeles Rams: 10-7 – Stafford’s Last Stand

The Rams ran the NFC West in 2024 with a 10-7 record, and that defensive line—Jared Verse, Kobie Turner, Braden Fiske—was straight-up nasty, turning QBs into tackling dummies all season. Matthew Stafford’s still slinging it to Puka Nacua, but Cooper Kupp’s out the door, leaving the WR room looking like a ghost town. They locked up LT Alaric Jackson with a juicy three-year deal, so the O-line’s good, and that D-line? Absolute animals—they even tied a playoff record with nine sacks in one game last year. Aaron Donald’s long gone, but these young guns don’t care. Free agents like Tutu Atwell might dip, but 10-7 and a wildcard’s on deck—Stafford’s got one more run in him.

Arizona Cardinals: 9-8 – Kyler’s Quiet Climb

The Cards hit 8-9 in 2024, and they’re sniffing something bigger. Kyler Murray’s locked in long-term, James Conner’s a human battering ram, and Budda Baker’s still patrolling the secondary like a hawk. Jonathan Allen’s clogging the D-line, and WRs Michael Wilson and Greg Dortch are stepping up big. Free agency could bite—Demarcus Robinson and Sean Murphy-Bunting might jet—but 9-8 feels legit. That defense held tough last year, and if Gannon keeps the vibes rolling, they’re the wildcard pain-in-the-ass nobody wants to see.

Seattle Seahawks: 8-9 – Macdonald’s Rough Start

The ‘Hawks rolled to 10-7 in 2024, but 2025’s got “step back” written all over it. Coach Mike Macdonald’s got Geno Smith and DK Metcalf, but free agency might gut ‘em—Ernest Jones IV, Jarran Reed, and Tyler Lockett could all walk out the door. The D-line’s got some juice with Leonard Williams, but it’s not touching the Rams’ chaos factory. Bobby Wagner’s still a stud, but he can’t carry this alone. 8-9’s the call—offense needs a jolt, and this feels like a “we’re figuring it out” season. Tough break, Seattle.

The Final Horn

The NFC West in 2025 is a four-way bar fight. The Niners (11-6) grab the crown with raw talent and spite, the Rams (10-7) lean on that killer D-line for a wildcard, the Cards (9-8) sneak into the mix, and the ‘Hawks (8-9) lick their wounds. That Rams front? Verse, Turner, Fiske—they’re the real deal, Donald or not, and it’s why L.A.’s still in the hunt. Free agency’s the wild card—keep your guys, you’re golden; lose ‘em, you’re cooked. Save this, share it, and come at me on X when I’m wrong. Let’s ride, fam.

@ f3873798:24b3f2f3

No Brasil, o consumo de álcool não é apenas aceito socialmente, mas fortemente incentivado. A presença de bebidas alcoólicas é constante em festas, confraternizações e até mesmo no ambiente familiar. Quem se recusa a beber muitas vezes é visto como alguém “estranho”, “chato” ou antissocial. Essa mentalidade gera um ciclo vicioso de incentivo ao consumo, ignorando seus impactos negativos.

A Pressão Social Pelo Consumo

Desde cedo, muitos brasileiros são introduzidos ao álcool sem qualquer reflexão sobre os riscos. Em algumas regiões, crianças experimentam bebidas alcoólicas ainda na infância, muitas vezes com o incentivo de familiares. A ideia de que “todo mundo bebe” cria um ambiente em que se recusar a ingerir álcool pode levar ao isolamento social e até mesmo a chacotas.

Aqueles que não bebem frequentemente se sentem excluídos de eventos sociais, pois a cultura ao redor do álcool é tão intensa que parece não haver espaço para quem faz uma escolha diferente. Em reuniões, festas e até mesmo encontros informais, a presença da bebida é praticamente obrigatória, reforçando a ideia de que a diversão depende dela.

O Álcool e a Imprudência no Trânsito

Outro reflexo dessa cultura é a alta incidência de acidentes de trânsito causados pelo consumo de álcool. Apesar das campanhas de conscientização e das leis mais rígidas, dirigir embriagado ainda é um problema grave no Brasil. Muitos motoristas assumem o risco, acreditando que estão “bem o suficiente” para conduzir, colocando a própria vida e a de outras pessoas em perigo.

Infelizmente, essa imprudência não se limita ao ato de dirigir. Em festas e eventos regados a álcool, discussões e brigas são comuns, e atos de violência aumentam significativamente. O efeito entorpecente do álcool reduz a capacidade de julgamento, resultando em comportamentos agressivos e irresponsáveis.

A Decadência e o Cenário Degradante

Outro aspecto ignorado pela cultura do álcool é a decadência humana observada em eventos onde o consumo excessivo é incentivado. Não é raro ver pessoas embriagadas vomitando ou até mesmo defecando em vias públicas, completamente inconscientes de seus atos. Essas cenas se tornaram tão comuns que são tratadas como algo natural, quando, na verdade, refletem um problema social sério.

O Carnaval é um dos exemplos mais emblemáticos desse fenômeno. O que deveria ser uma celebração cultural muitas vezes se transforma em um festival de exageros, onde a bebedeira extrema leva a uma série de consequências negativas, como furtos, brigas, acidentes e crimes diversos.

O Lado Ignorado Dessa Cultura

Curiosamente, todos esses problemas são frequentemente minimizados ou ignorados. A sociedade foca apenas no aspecto festivo do álcool, sem considerar os prejuízos que ele causa. Pouco se discute sobre os impactos na saúde pública, na segurança e na dignidade dos indivíduos.

É importante ressaltar que este artigo não propõe a proibição do álcool nem adota uma visão moralista sobre o tema. O problema não está na bebida em si, mas na forma como é consumida e incentivada. O que se defende aqui é o equilíbrio e a responsabilidade.

Beber com moderação, respeitar os limites do próprio corpo e das pessoas ao redor, evitar a pressão social sobre aqueles que não bebem e nunca misturar álcool e direção são atitudes fundamentais para transformar essa cultura. O consumo consciente permite que momentos de celebração sejam realmente prazerosos, sem que se tornem um problema para quem bebe ou para a sociedade como um todo.

A diversão não precisa estar atrelada ao exagero. É possível aproveitar bons momentos sem perder o controle, sem colocar vidas em risco e sem alimentar um ciclo de imprudência. Repensar a forma como lidamos com o álcool é essencial para uma convivência mais saudável e responsável.

@ 75869cfa:76819987

GM, Nostriches!

The Nostr Review is a biweekly newsletter focused on Nostr statistics, protocol updates, exciting programs, the long-form content ecosystem, and key events happening in the Nostr-verse. If you’re interested, join me in covering updates from the Nostr ecosystem!

Quick review:

In the past two weeks, Nostr statistics indicate over 228,000 daily trusted pubkey events. The number of new users has seen a notable increase, with profiles with a contact list amounting to 17 times the same period. More than 11 million events have been published, with posts and reposts showing an increase. Total Zap activity stands at approximately 13 million, marking a 22% decrease.

Additionally, 28 pull requests were submitted to the Nostr protocol, with 5 merged. A total of 45 Nostr projects were tracked, with 11 releasing product updates, and over 462 long-form articles were published, 26% focusing on Bitcoin and Nostr. During this period, 2 notable events took place, and 1 significant events is upcoming.

Nostr Statistics

Based on user activity, the total daily trusted pubkeys writing events is about 228,000, representing a slight 8.7% decrease compared to the previous period. Daily activity peaked at 18256 events, with a low of approximately 16087.

The number of new users has increased significantly. Profiles with a contact list are now around 393,637, a 17-fold increase. Pubkeys writing events have declined to approximately 227,635, but have still grown by 14%. Profiles with a bio are now 9 times the previous number.

Regarding event publishing, the total number of note events published is about 11 million. Posts remain the most dominant in terms of volume, totaling approximately 1.7 million, reflecting an increase of 6.8%. Reposts are showing a increase of approximately 12%, while reactions have experienced a 8% decline.

For zap activity, the total zap amount is about 13 million, showing a decrease of over 22% compared to the previous period.

Data source: https://stats.nostr.band/

NIPs

nip99 e-commerce use case extension

nostr:npub1gmmrkec8een5jelrxq5rz260nqzpnj45yzznpaerqv0yma3s86gqpfe2h0 is proposing nip99 e-commerce use case extension. This pull request simply adds a link to the specification we are developing and have consensus on, allowing other developers who want to implement NIP-99 for e-commerce to discover how the major developers are approaching it. In this way, we ensure that NIP-99 remains lightweight and allows for broad use cases while also providing guidance for the e-commerce use case that is currently prevalent.

add "global" relay lists

nostr:npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6 is proposing "global" relay lists that streamlines the b/c process by standardizing it across multiple apps and also by allowing these lists to be shared, so when the relays that were hardcoded (and that were, at the time of the hardcoding, known to be such public squares) get shut down then clients can automatically or manually switch to new ones.

[NIP 53 Addendum] - Add Interactive Rooms, Meetings, and Live Presence.

nostr:npub18pudjhdhhp2v8gxnkttt00um729nv93tuepjda2jrwn3eua5tf5s80a699 is proposing that add Interactive Rooms and Meetings, and Live presence to NIP-53. Kind 30312 (Interactive Rooms), Kind 30313 (Meetings), Kind 10312 (Room Presence). These Kinds would apply to interactive audio/video platforms such as Hivetalk version 2.0 (not public yet) and Nostr Nests.

NIP-5E: Censorship Resistant Live Streams

v0l is proposing a way to distribute live video streams via Nostr. "Live Video" in this context implies segmented video streams like HLS or DASH. Each segment of the stream is a NIP-94 event which describes where the file can be found and its hash.

Add birth field to NIP-24 for birth date representation

nostr:npub12egp0pvh2f0fp6sk5nt6ncehqzkz8zsma8dl8agf8p3f98v6resqku4w26 is proposing a PR that introduces the birth field to NIP-24, allowing users to specify their birth date. The goal is to enable applications to celebrate users' birthdays and allow other users to notice and join in the celebration, enhancing social interactions.Defined the format as [day, month, year (optional)]. The year is optional to accommodate users who prefer not to disclose their age.

NIP-05: add dynamic server recommendation

nostr:npub1q3sle0kvfsehgsuexttt3ugjd8xdklxfwwkh559wxckmzddywnws6cd26p is proposing NIP-05 services who let people sign up for a NIP-05 name are recommended to make the names unique case insensitive.

Add delegation to nip 46

Staab is proposing PR that adds a delegation command to NIP 46, which allows applications that are already authorized to create new sessions with limited permissions. My use case for this is sharing a read-only session with push- or email- notification servers, which can only sign kind 22242 events on behalf of the user, in order to get access to auth-gated relays.

Add notifiers nip

Staab updates NIP: XXX - Push Notifiation with the following differences: It uses parameterized replaceable events, which allows for multiple subscriptions to exist at the same time；It uses NIP 44 encryption rather than NIP 04；It uses filters rather than ad-hoc targets；It uses delegated authentication in order to gain access to gated relays；It uses a different mechanism for pausing notifications and auto-expiring pauses.

NIP-22: Format should follow scope

nostr:npub1gcxzte5zlkncx26j68ez60fzkvtkm9e0vrwdcvsjakxf9mu9qewqlfnj5z is proposing This adds some flexibility in formatting styles for NIP-22. Since this NIP is always used inside a scope (another NIP), formatting rules SHOULD be defined by that NIP. Examples: If the Comment is replying to a markdown-based NIP, it should allow markdown. If the Comment is replying to an asciidoc-based NIP, it should allow asciidoc.

NIP-34!: use NIP-22 thread style for patch and status events

nostr:npub15qydau2hjma6ngxkl2cyar74wzyjshvl65za5k5rl69264ar2exs5cyejr created this as part of reviewing #1744. For the status event, references to merged patch events are done using the q tag even though the they are not included in content. This is because NIP-22 only supports the use of e reference for the parent event id.

NIP90: Add Ping/Pong to DVMs

believethehype introduces kind 7007 (ping) to send a small request to a dvm to check if it is alive. The DVM replies with a kind 7000 feedback event and status pong, and optional information in content. This allows clients to test if a dvm is alive without sending an actual job request to the dvm.

Notable Projects

Coracle 0.6.5 nostr:npub1jlrs53pkdfjnts29kveljul2sm0actt6n8dxrrzqcersttvcuv3qdjynqn

New maintenance release of Coracle is out: * Fix memory leak * Fix isEventMuted * Fix toast animation * Fix (and improve) drafts * Fix parser dropping sections of notes

Primal nostr:npub12vkcxr0luzwp8e673v29eqjhrr7p9vqq8asav85swaepclllj09sylpugg

Primal for iOS build 2.1.26 has just been released. Here’s what’s new: * Improved feeds * Deep linking threads, articles, profiles * Bug fixes & stability improvements

Yakihonne nostr:npub1yzvxlwp7wawed5vgefwfmugvumtp8c8t0etk3g8sky4n0ndvyxesnxrf8q

web v4.4.0： * Zap polls can now be added directly from the list or created instantly within notes and comments. * Muting users is now more reliable. * Users can download and export their NWC secret for wallets. * Wallets and account credentials are automatically saved upon signup and logout. * Faster login and signup when interacting with Yakihonne while logged out. * Bug fixes and performance optimizations for improved reliability.

mobile v1.6.6: * Ability to export your NWC wallets and your keys. * Blink wallet is now available as one of the external wallets that can be used. * Private messages drafts are now available. * Notes stats optimised. * Wallet management overall performance has been improved. * Fixing bugs and improving the overall performance

GOSSIP nostr:npub189j8y280mhezlp98ecmdzydn0r8970g4hpqpx3u9tcztynywfczqqr3tg8

Several major bugs have been fixed in the last week. * PRIVACY: gossip was authenticating to relays in many cases even if you turned on "require user approval before AUTHenticating..." * Gossip was rendering nevent links as note1 links in some cases * When clicking the parent link, sometimes it wasn't finding the parent note (even though the note you clicked correctly hinted at which relay the note was at) * New users who adjusted settings during the first run were having their public key wiped, which appeared to have no identity and they had to regenerate on second run

nos.social nostr:npub1pu3vqm4vzqpxsnhuc684dp2qaq6z69sf65yte4p39spcucv5lzmqswtfch

With the Nos 1.2 update, you can use Nos to create, edit, and delete lists of your favorite people and accounts! We're also bringing you fixes for the biggest issues in the previous version: * Fixed: restarting app reverts to Following rather than selected list or relay * Fixed: lists change positions randomly * Fixed: adding and removing relays is not reflected in the feed filter * Fixed: text fields sometimes don't work on onboarding screens * Fixed: main action button is not visible on iPad on "Build Your Network" onboarding screen * Fixed: crash when processing a malformed delete event

Fountain 1.1.17 nostr:npub1v5ufyh4lkeslgxxcclg8f0hzazhaw7rsrhvfquxzm2fk64c72hps45n0v5

• In this update, we completely rebuilt the authentication flows as some users reported issues accessing the app. We're currently building out the redesigned library and content pages along with updates to transcripts.

Plebeian Market nostr:npub1market6g3zl4mxwx5ugw56hfg0f7dy7jnnw8t380788mvdyrnwuqgep7hd

• Social Sharing: New social sharing buttons have been implemented, allowing users to share listings and pages effortlessly across social platforms.
• Open Graph Integration: Enhanced sharing capabilities with the addition of an Open Graph library, making it easier to share listings on social media.
• Pagination on Mobile: Now see up to 20 items before you need to paginate, making browsing smoother and more efficient on your mobile device.
• UX/UI Overhaul: Significant improvements to the UX and UI of the Settings and Dashboard for a more intuitive navigation.
• Dashboard Enhancements: Various fixes to ensure the dashboard is more functional and user-friendly.
• Relays Pop-Out: Improved UI so the Relays pop-out no longer goes underneath the category menu on the homepage and other pages.
• Save Button: A 'Save' button has been added to every page for quick and easy updates to your listings or settings.
• Payment Details Clarity: Examples are now included in the 'Payment Details' field to guide sellers on what information to provide.
• And fixes some bugs.

DEG Mods nostr:npub17jl3ldd6305rnacvwvchx03snauqsg4nz8mruq0emj9thdpglr2sst825x

• The ability to switch between reply and quote-replies
• Preview the recent posts of an author under their profile box when viewing a mod or blog they've published
• Clicking on images in a feed post triggers the gallery system for it
• Adjusted the design of images and videos that appear in the feed page
• Reposting won't trigger a popup
• Textarea in feed page will reset its size after posting, along with preview reset
• Load new posts button now works/appears properly
• Reply depth numbering now works correctly
• User LN address now updates correctly if they change it (was a caching issue)

Zapstore 0.2.5 nostr:npub10r8xl2njyepcw2zwv3a6dyufj4e4ajx86hz6v4ehu4gnpupxxp7stjt2p8

• Hopefully fixed the missing apps issue
• No more toast showing Zapstore update available (pinned instead)
• Trigger local version refresh on app detail page

futr nostr nostr:npub18wxf0t5jsmcpy57ylzx595twskx8eyj382lj7wp9rtlhzdg5hnnqvt4xra

• Optimized Subscription Handling
• Implemented proper event pagination with timestamp tracking.
• Added event deduplication across batches.
• Improved debug logging for pagination and subscription events.
• Fixed timestamp handling to prevent future-dated events.
• Reduced events per pubkey from 2000 to 500 for better efficiency.
• Relay Connection & Event Parsing
• Improved relay connection state management.
• Fixed parsing of OK messages from relays.
• Updated follow list and DM relay parsing.
• Added proper nevent links for quoted reposts.
• Increased connection timeout from 3s to 15s to enhance reliability.
• UI & UX Enhancements
• Fixed follow list flickering by improving model caching.
• Improved login experience with better async timing.
• Fixed profile filter issues to improve data consistency.
• And another changes.

ZEUS v0.10.0 nostr:npub1xnf02f60r9v0e5kty33a404dm79zr7z2eepyrk5gsq3m7pwvsz2sazlpr5

• Receive: add advanced settings toggle
• Remove deprecated backends
• Move sweep on-chain functionality to Tools view
• Update colors according to themes in external link modal
• Improve contrast of warning buttons in Disaster Recovery view
• Bug fix: display of backup status
• Bug fix: ZEUS Pay local notifications
• Renewable channels
• NWC client support
• Embedded LND: v0.18.5-beta
• New share button (share ZEUS QR images)
• Activity: highlight filter icon when filters active
• chantools: sweepremoteclosed
• Tools: Export Activity CSVs, Developer tools
• Activity: filter by max amount, memo + note
• CLNRest: add payment timeout setting

Long-Form Content Eco

In the past two weeks, more than 462 long-form articles have been published, including over 79 articles on Bitcoin and more than 42 related to Nostr, accounting for 26% of the total content.

These articles about Nostr mainly explore its potential as a decentralized, censorship-resistant communication protocol, contrasting it with traditional social media platforms like Facebook and X. They discuss Nostr’s ability to foster free speech, privacy, and security while providing a foundation for new applications, including encrypted messaging (such as the use of the Double Ratchet Algorithm in NIP-117 and NIP-118), decentralized identity management, and anonymous event relaying (as proposed in "Renoters"). Several pieces, including "The Advancement of the Nostr Protocol," highlight recent technical advancements, developer tools like Nostr SDK, and practical use cases for Bitcoin applications. Others, criticize centralized platforms for their control over user data and content moderation policies. Additionally, topics like relay setup, voting systems, and AI alignment with human values are explored, emphasizing Nostr’s broader applications beyond social media.

These Bitcoin articles explore adoption, investment strategies, security, privacy, and their impact on global finance. Many highlight Bitcoin’s role in fostering financial resilience in Zimbabwe, rural economies, and the importance of user adoption over merchant adoption. Investment discussions cover DCA strategies, ETF influence, and ways to maximize returns. Privacy and security topics emphasize decentralization, self-custody, and best practices to protect assets. Bitcoin is framed as an alternative to fiat, with critiques of traditional finance and central banking. Geopolitical discussions examine the IMF’s influence, France’s fiscal crisis, and El Salvador’s Bitcoin policy. Technical innovations, such as EVM integration, Lightning Network advancements, and multi-payment solutions, continue to expand the Bitcoin ecosystem, driving broader adoption and usability.

Thank you, nostr:npub1m0sxqk5uwvtjhtt4yw3j0v3k6402fd35aq8832gp8kmer78atvkq9vgcru nostr:npub13rvvn5g23anm09kwnya8qvzqejxfajfa56rnn47ck5l96ke6cq4sdcd4e0 nostr:npub10m6lrv2kaf08a8um0plhj5dj6yqlw7qxzeag6393z352zrs0e5nsr2tff3 nostr:npub17v7g49shev2lwp0uwrx5v88ad6hj970zfse74wkes9jguhkx7aqsgjwsvj nostr:npub18lav8fkgt8424rxamvk8qq4xuy9n8mltjtgztv2w44hc5tt9vets0hcfsz nostr:npub1nlk894teh248w2heuu0x8z6jjg2hyxkwdc8cxgrjtm9lnamlskcsghjm9c nostr:npub1xzuej94pvqzwy0ynemeq6phct96wjpplaz9urd7y2q8ck0xxu0lqartaqn nostr:npub1g53mukxnjkcmr94fhryzkqutdz2ukq4ks0gvy5af25rgmwsl4ngq43drvk nostr:npub16dswlmzpcys0axfm8kvysclaqhl5zv20ueurrygpnnm7k9ys0d0s2v653f nostr:npub1x7zk9nfqsjwuuwm5mpdu8eevsnu2kk0ff23fv58p45d50fhuvaeszg44p2 nostr:npub1mwce4c8qa2zn9zw9f372syrc9dsnqmyy3jkcmpqkzaze0slj94dqu6nmwy and others, for your work. Enriching Nostr’s long-form content ecosystem is crucial.

Nostriches Global Meet Ups

Recently, several Nostr events have been hosted in different countries. * The Bitcoin Freedom Festival took place from February 20 to 24, 2025, at the Awakening Center in Uvita, Costa Rica. In collaboration with the Awake Earth Festival, the event blended a music festival with Bitcoin seminars and lectures. From February 20 to 23, it featured music, healing workshops, ceremonies, and educational talks, with internationally renowned artists and captivating discussions. February 24 was a special day dedicated to Bitcoin, with all activities centered around it. nostr:npub14f26g7dddy6dpltc70da3pg4e5w2p4apzzqjuugnsr2ema6e3y6s2xv7lu * The 5th Bitcoin Educators Unconference, organized by Mi Primer Bitcoin, was successfully held on February 27, 2025, at Bitcoin Park in Nashville, USA. The event focused on grassroots projects and Bitcoin education, adopting a decentralized, community-led format. Every participant was a potential speaker, proposing discussion topics at the beginning of the event, which were then grouped into breakout sessions for in-depth discussions. nostr:npub17cyatz6z2dzcw6xehtcm9z45m76lde5smxdmyasvs00r4pqv863qrs4ml3

Here is the upcoming Nostr event that you might want to check out.

• The Bitcoin Educators Unconference will take place on April 10, 2025, at Bitcoin Park in Nashville, USA. The event follows a decentralized, community-led format, with a focus on Bitcoin education and independent Bitcoin educators. It aims to foster collaboration and networking among Bitcoin educators, creating a truly interactive space.

Additionally, We warmly invite event organizers who have held recent activities to reach out to us so we can work together to promote the prosperity and development of the Nostr ecosystem.

Thanks for reading! If there’s anything I missed, feel free to reach out and help improve the completeness and accuracy of my coverage.

@ 2b1964b8:851949fa

Routine Picture-in-Picture American Sign Language Interpretation in American Broadcasting

(PiP, ASL)

Picture-in-picture sign language interpretation is a standard feature in news broadcasts across the globe. Why hasn’t America become a leader in picture-in-picture implementation too?

Misconception.

There are prevalent misunderstandings about the necessity of ASL interpreters in the media and beyond. As recently as January 2025, an American influencer with ~10M social followers on Instagram and X combined, referred to sign language interpreters during emergency briefings as a distraction.

Such views overlook the fact that, for many deaf individuals, American Sign Language is their primary language. It is wrongly assumed that deaf Americans know—or should know—English. American Sign Language differs in grammatical structure from English. Moreover, human interpreters are able to convey nuances that captions often miss, such as non-manual markers; facial expressions, body movements, head positions utilized in sign language to convey meaning. English is the native language for many hearing Americans, who have access to it throughout the United States without any additional expectation placed upon them.

A deeper understanding reveals that many nations have their own unique signed languages, reflecting their local deaf culture and community — Brazilian Sign Language, British Sign Language, Finnish Sign Language, French Sign Language, Japanese Sign Language, Mexican Sign Language, Nigerian Sign Language, and South African Sign Language, among numerous others.

Bottom Line: American Sign Language is the native language for many American-born deaf individuals, and English is the native language for many American-born hearing individuals. It is a one-for-one relationship; both are equal.

In an era where information dissemination is instantaneous, ensuring that mainstream broadcasts are accessible to all citizens is paramount.

Public Figures Including Language Access In Their Riders

What's a rider? A rider is an addendum or supplemental clause added to a contract that expands or adjusts the contract's terms. Riders are commonly used in agreements for public figures to specify additional requirements such as personal preferences or technical needs.

A Simple Yet Powerful Action

Public figures have a unique ability to shape industry standards, and by including language access in their riders, they can make a profound impact with minimal effort. * On-site American Sign Language interpretation ensures that deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals can fully engage with speeches and live events. * Open captions (burned-in captions) for all live and post-production interview segments guarantee accessibility across platforms, making spoken content instantly available to a wider audience. These implements don’t just benefit deaf constitutents—they also support language learners, individuals in sound-sensitive environments and any person who relies on, or simply refers, visual reinforcement to engage with spoken content.

For public figures, adding these 2 requests to a rider is one of the most efficient and immediate ways to promote accessibility. By normalizing language access as a standard expectation, you encourage event organizers, broadcasters, and production teams to adopt these practices universally.

As a result, there will be an industry shift from accessibility as an occasional accommodation to an industry norm, ensuring that future events, interviews, and media content are more accessible for all. Beyond immediate accessibility, the regular presence of interpreters in public spaces increases awareness of sign language. Seeing interpreters in mainstream media can spark interest among both deaf and hearing children to pursue careers in interpretation, expanding future language access and representation.

Year-Round Commitment to Accessibility

Too often, language access is only considered when an immediate demand arises, which leads to rushed or inadequate solutions. While some events may include interpretation or captioning, these efforts can fall short when they lack the expertise and coordination necessary for true disability justice. Thoughtful, proactive planning ensures that language access is seamlessly integrated into events, rather than being a reactive measure.

Best practices happen when all key players are involved from the start: * Accessibility leads with combined production and linguistic knowledge who can ensure accessibility remains central to the purpose rather than allowing themselves to be caught up in the spectacle of an event. * Language experts who ensure accuracy and cultural competency.
* Production professionals who understand event logistics.

By prioritizing accessibility year-round, organizations create spaces where disability justice is not just accommodated, but expected—ensuring that every audience member, regardless of language needs, has access to information and engagement.

@ 044da344:073a8a0e

Ich war neugierig. Florentine Anders hat mit mir studiert. Wobei: Ganz so nah, wie das jetzt klingt, waren wir nicht. 120 Studenten, sieben Seminargruppen: Als es im Herbst 1988 für uns losging an der Sektion Journalistik in Leipzig, hing es auch vom Zufall ab, mit wem man mehr zu tun hatte und mit wem weniger. Manche Gruppen hatten sich im Volontariat gebildet und andere bei der Auswahlwoche in Bad Saarow am Scharmützelsee. Lange hielt das alles ohnehin nicht. Nach einem Jahr kamen die Dinge ins Rutschen und sprengten oft das, was bis dahin gewachsen war.

Ich weiß nicht einmal, ob Florentine bis zum Diplom durchgehalten hat. Gar nicht wenige von uns haben die Ungewissheit nicht ausgehalten und sind sofort irgendwo in Lohn und Brot, manchmal auch jenseits des Journalismus. Wer eine Nase hatte für den Wind, der sich für den Propaganda-Nachwuchs schnell drehte von der Euphorie des Anfangs in Richtung Pranger, der konnte schon auf die Idee kommen, lieber Autos zu verkaufen oder Versicherungen. Außerdem lockte der Westen, auch mit Journalistenschulen. Andreas Rook, heute ein MDR-Gesicht, der damals mit seiner Freundin nach Moskau ging, war die Ausnahme. Die Regel: München, Wales, Paris. Ich hatte gehört, dass Florentine Anders nach Frankreich gegangen war, aber dann reißt der Faden ab. Dass sie im Zeit-Kosmos gelandet ist, war nicht bis zu mir durchgedrungen.

Dieses Buch dann schon. Wenn etwas über die DDR erscheint, bekomme ich das mit. Ich kaufe längst nicht mehr alles. Wenn immer wieder das gleiche serviert wird, freut man sich selbst über einen Film wie Kundschafter des Friedens 2. Florentine Anders und ihr Opa Hermann Henselmann: Das klang gut. Das klang nach Brigitte Reimann und „Franziska Linkerhand“. Nach Defa. „Unser kurzes Leben“ von Lothar Warneke und „Insel der Schwäne“ von Herrmann Zschoche, zwei Filme, die Anfang der 1980er ins Kino kamen und die Tristesse des Wohnungsbaus genauso festgehalten haben wie einen Alltag, der heute so weit weg ist wie die Marskolonie von Elon Musk.

Ich will nicht sagen, dass ich enttäuscht worden bin. Die Mitstudentin von einst hat das gut gemacht. Sie hat sich hineingegraben in die Papiere und viele der Orte besucht, die wichtig gewesen sind für die Henselmanns und ihre acht Kinder. Schreiben kann sie ohnehin. Das haben wir in Leipzig gelernt oder schon vorher in der Redaktion. Entstanden ist so eine Familienbiografie, in der sich die Autorin zurücknimmt. Drei, vier Einsprengsel zur Recherche. Mit der Mutter im Stasiarchiv, wo es nicht nur eine Opferakte gibt, sondern auch eine Täterakte – zur Überraschung der Tochter. Ein paar Sätze zu den regelmäßigen Besuchen beim berühmten Opa, der ihr alle 14 Tage ein Buch mitgibt, über das dann diskutiert werden soll. Sonst ist da vor allem Distanz. Abstand halten. Keine Emotionen zeigen. Sagen, wie es gewesen sein könnte. Journalismus und Geschichtsschreibung – aber kein Roman.

Um noch einen Moment loben zu können: Florentine Anders geht chronologisch vor, von 1931 bis 1995, fast wie in einem Fotoalbum. Da die DDR klein war und die Henselmanns zu ihrem Adel gehörten, gibt es literarische Bilder von vielen Prominenten. Mit Lotte Ulbricht auf der Völkerfreundschaft, Manfred Krug als Fast-Nachbar, ein Unterschlupf bei Alex Wedding, die eigentlich Grete Weiskopf hieß und Pflichtlektüre für jedes Kind war. Es passiert sogar jede Menge Ungeheuerliches, auch jenseits der Seitensprünge des Opas und von Robert Havemann, der mit Omas Schwester verheiratet war. Architektur, Opposition, Ost-West-Spionage, Berlin im Wandel der Zeit: Das ist auch deshalb spannend, weil Florentine Anders darauf verzichtet, dem Diktaturgedächtnis Futter zu geben, und einfach die Tatsachen sprechen lässt, ohne die zu verurteilen, die an das Projekt DDR geglaubt oder von ihm profitiert haben und beides längst nicht immer auseinanderhalten konnten.

Vielleicht hätte der Verlag auf das Wort „Roman“ verzichten sollen. Ein Roman braucht einen Konflikt – einen Dreh- und Angelpunkt, der nicht nur solche Figuren aus den Tiefen der Vergangenheit trägt, sondern im Idealfall universell ist und so auch die Gegenwart erreicht. Der Mann zum Beispiel, der älter wird und prominent und daraus etwas macht bei jüngeren Frauen, ohne seine erste Liebe aufgeben zu wollen. Die Frau, die all das sieht und es trotzdem nicht zum Bruch kommen lässt – oder doch, wie Florentines Mutter offenbar dann gleich zweimal. Oder die Ideologie, die sich hineinfrisst in die Profession und etwas verlangt, wenn man sich im Licht der Macht sonnen möchte. Ich denke dabei natürlich an Eugen Ruge, dem ein runder Geburtstag gereicht hat, um nicht nur eine kommunistische Familie auseinanderbrechen zu lassen, sondern zugleich die Geschichte vom Aufstieg und Ende einer Utopie zu erzählen. Vielleicht ist dieser Vergleich aber auch vermessen. „In Zeiten des abnehmenden Lichts“: Das war einmal. Jetzt lesen wir eben „Die Allee“.

Freie Akademie für Medien & Journalismus

Unterstützen

Titelbild: Markus Spiske @Pixabay

@ fc2470ed:17d9ee27

by Hynek Fencl, July 2024

The way to Liberland is easy but not simple. Technically speaking, it’s just a short bike ride away from the nearest village on a comfortable bike path through a stunning forest known as the “Amazon of Europe”. On one side, one senses the presence of the mighty Danube River beyond the tall trees, and on the other stretch the farmlands of north-eastern Croatia. Then you take a left turn to a straight forest path, ride all the way to the end, and after a few bends on the track, you will have entered “the promised land”.

The part that is not simple is that Croatia both does and does not consider Gornja Siga (the local name for the area we now refer to as Liberland) to be its territory – depending on who you ask. This means that along the picturesque bike path, you will almost certainly encounter a border police patrol car, and, depending on whether you seem to them like you’re affiliated with Liberland, they will tell you to stop and hand over your ID. They run it through their system and, if you’re lucky enough to be a citizen of the EU, they let you pass. If you’re not and you give them a non-EU passport, they will ask you to come to the station with them to “determine the circumstances of your stay in Croatia.” You will then be issued with paperwork telling you to leave the country within the next 7 days, banning you from re-entering in the next 1-3 months. The official reasoning they’ll give for this is their reasonable suspicion that you have not come to Croatia as a tourist but with the intent to either do paid work (for which you would have to get a business/work visa) or to break the law (such as camping outside designated camping grounds or starting a fire in the forest).

All of this is part of a big game of chess that is being played out between Croatia and the Liberlanders. Croatia is in a tricky spot. They cannot properly administer the territory of Liberland and enforce its law in it – lest it would create an indication that the Croatian state officially claims it as its territory. However, they cannot not administer it either, since it’s on “their” side of the river, and it is risky for a rogue, unpredictable operation (from their perspective) like the establishment and growth of Liberland to just be left to its own devices right on their doorstep. This is, then, how we arrive at the status quo, with Croatia relating to Liberland in some way while being careful about the international perception of its action in another way. The resulting practice is a persistent harassment campaign toward the Liberlanders, with the apparent intent to create uncertainty and lower the appetite of potential Liberland settlers for this kind of adventure.

How to establish a new country

Liberland was born from an anomaly – a historical border dispute between Croatia and Serbia. The dispute involves the definition of where the border stands in relation to the Danube and goes back to 1947. Then, both lands along the river belonged to a single country – Yugoslavia – but the dispute arose with respect to the boundaries of its constituent states. It remained unresolved during the communist era and became an issue of international borders after the breakup of Yugoslavia.

Serbia claims that the border runs down the middle of the Danube, with the eastern bank being Serbian and the western bank Croatian. Croatia, on the other hand, claims that the border is set by historical borders marked by cadastral municipalities surrounding the Danube.

These municipality borders run along a different path because they were set before the course of the Danube was straightened during the 19th Century to allow for easier shipping. This results in disputed “pockets” of land on both sides of the river. The pockets on the eastern bank have a combined area of around 130 km2, while those on the western bank only amount to less than 10 km2. Not surprisingly, then, both countries claim that the border runs in a way where they get the >90% of land and the other country only gets the small remaining areas. However, this means that, by implication, since both countries are claiming the large areas, neither of them is claiming the smaller ones. These areas were, then, so-called terra nullius.

Under international law, there is no issue with any state claiming unowned and unclaimed land for themselves. And that is exactly what Czech businessman, politician, and activist Vít Jedlička did in 2015 when he proclaimed into existence the newly created Free Republic of Liberland on the largest, 7 km2 piece of the unclaimed areas between Croatia and Serbia.

It's one thing to announce a new country to the world. It’s an entirely different thing to make this country legitimate. Under the Montevideo Convention, a proper country needs to have 1) a permanent population, 2) a defined territory, 3) government, and 4) capacity to enter into relations with other states. Now, 9 years after the birth of Liberland, it clearly has three of those. As to a permanent population, the Liberlanders would argue that it definitely exists, even though Liberland’s now over 1200 registered citizens have had to largely live in “exile” ever since.

Nevertheless, despite the Convention, there’s one thing that makes something a country more than anything else – whether other countries see you as a country. The more diplomatic recognition an entity has, the more country-like it becomes. This is especially relevant for breakaway governments, governments in exile, or, most importantly in this case, startup countries like Liberland.

Very much aware of this, along with other members of Liberland’s startup government, Jedlička has been on a worldwide mission to legitimize Liberland in the eyes of other countries. Though there have been many amiable meetings and even some measure of support in some cases, no official recognition by any UN member has been achieved as of mid-2024. Liberland now has representatives and offices in multiple countries in the further pursuit of this goal. Though the effectiveness of this strategy has been questioned by many for the lack of decisive results so far, one thing remains unambiguously true: if recognized by even one or two UN members, Liberland would instantly gain an amazing amount of legitimacy and gravitas in the eyes of the world.

The quest for territory

Establishing international relations with countries anywhere in the world is not the only strategy that the Liberlanders have been employing in making the country more real and legitimate. This includes liaising and negotiating with the neighboring Serbia and Croatia. These relations are by far the most important and impactful ones. If both of Liberland’s neighboring countries were to either outright recognize the startup micro-state, or even just adopted an approach of non-interference, Liberland would be free to start actually developing and to find its own long-term position in the world.

As for Serbia, its Ministry of Foreign Affairs let itself be heard that, in their view, Liberland’s claims are a “trivial matter” but, in any case, they do not infringe upon the sovereignty of Serbia. One can imagine that Serbia might actually be secretly quite pleased with Liberland’s activities, since now Croatia has an issue to deal with on “their” side of the river, which, if they are not careful, could contribute to the legitimization of Serbia’s claim to the larger pieces of territory claimed by both countries.

With Croatia, things get quite a bit more complicated. In an official statement, the country rejected the claim that Gornja Siga is terra nullius, arguing instead that the land belongs to one of the two neighboring countries – the only question is to which one, which will be answered at some point in the future. Croatia also said it would stop any threatening and provocative activities on the territory even by force if necessary.

Ever since Liberland’s birth in 2015, the Liberlanders have been trying to make a mark on the territory. For a long time, even just entering Liberland wasn’t really possible. Under a deal between the Croatian and Serbian police that was put in place during the European migration crisis, Croatian authorities may enter Liberland and patrol it for security reasons (preventing illegal migration) even though they do not officially claim the territory as theirs. In addition, the border police have a near-permanent presence on the Danube River, preventing people from crossing into Liberland by boat.

As a result, anyone who would try to come to Liberland in any way would always be promptly arrested by the Croatians, essentially for entering a prohibited area.

After years of this status quo, a rather unexpected thing happened that made things suddenly move forward in a positive direction for the Liberlanders. In April 2023, during Liberland’s 8th anniversary celebrations, a famous YouTuber with a significant following decided to try to enter Liberland. After a few unsuccessful attempts due to heavy police presence and monitoring, he and his team hired jet skis and rode them all the way from Hungary down the Danube. When they got close to Liberland, they encountered the police boats again, but their jet skis were faster than the boats, so they managed to land at Liberland’s Liberty Island and plant a flag there. A few moments later, the police caught up to them and an aggressive policeman took out their handheld cameras before assaulting them and then kicking them on the ground, as can be clearly seen from drone footage of the incident.

As they had broken no laws, they were ultimately let go after the incident and free to leave the island without being arrested. However, the heavy-handed and illegal conduct of the Croatian police had been clearly documented and became part of the video that was published in July 2023.

The video promptly went viral, gaining almost 10 million views on YouTube. By comparison, the total population of Croatia is just under 4 million. When the news spread even to the Croatian press and TV stations, Croatia had a serious PR problem on their hands. The police had been clearly in the wrong, conducting themselves in a seriously improper way to the point of using physical force against peaceful people who had broken no laws nor engaged in any violence or hostilities themselves.

Something had to change. So, following this incident, the Croatian police adopted a different unofficial policy – from now on, they would let people enter Liberland if they wished to do so, in a controlled way. Since early August 2023, if you wish to enter Liberland, you can go on foot or by bike, take the access road down the forest, and show your documents to the Croatian police, just as you would at a border crossing. In a typical grand fashion of Liberland’s media team, Liberland made an announcement that an official border crossing had been opened between Croatia and Liberland (Croatia had obviously never made an official announcement like this, but for Liberland, that was the de facto situation on the ground).

In the weeks following the “opening of the border”, many enthusiastic settlers started coming to Liberland to finally begin making their mark on the territory of “the promised land.” They started constructing simple wooden houses, a bathroom, an open-air restaurant, and the related power and water infrastructure on Liberland’s mainland beach opposite Liberty Island in a settlement named Mateos Marina.

On September 7th, 2023, a troop of about 50 policemen and forestry workers, including a demolition crew, raided the settlement. The raid was officially dubbed a “cleanup operation” by Hrvatske šume, Croatia’s state forestry service. With the assistance of the police, they tore down all the wooden houses and structures using chainsaws and stole equipment as well as personal possessions of the Liberlanders on site. Several Liberlanders were arrested for “failure to comply with a lawful order”.

One might ask, if Liberland is not officially part of Croatia, what authority does Croatia have to come in to steal and destroy? Staying true to their claim that Liberland is not part of Croatia, the Croatians had announced to Serbia that they would be conducting the “cleanup” on Serbia’s territory, to keep it clean on their behalf.

We may only speculate about the reasons for carrying out this operation in such a heavy-handed, destructive way. One possibility is that allowing people to enter Liberland in the first place was a way for Croatia to lure some people to Liberland, become comfortable, and then come in and destroy everything to show everyone what would happen if they got involved in the project. Or perhaps it was the unexpected level of life, community-building, and construction going on in such a short period of time after the “opening of the border” that the Croatian police felt like they had to put a stop to it before things got so big they could not be easily destroyed anymore.

No matter the reasons, the raid had a chilling effect on prospective Liberlanders. Though there is plenty of video documentation of the operation, no one made a viral video about it this time. Though some media did pick up the news, it did not become a big story. Consequently, the PR fallout from this for Croatia was not unmanageable.

Liberlanders soon returned to the territory. However, the level of enthusiasm, energy, and external support was not as great as it had been before the raid. From then on, settlement efforts focused mainly on Liberty Island, unreachable by trucks and impossible for forestry workers to get to without a large boat which they seem not to have. Though perhaps a more strategic place to set up camp, Liberty Island is also much more prone to flooding than the rest of Liberland.

In the following few months, several makeshift houses were constructed using a combination of wood and sandbags. During this time, Liberland even hosted a first wedding on the island. The settlement was kept alive during winter as well, with Liberland enthusiasts staying mostly in houseboats whenever it was impossible to camp on site.

In the meantime, an enthusiastic settler couple bought a sizeable house with a courtyard in the village closest to Liberland – Zmajevac – which they have transformed into a base of operations for settlers. This is now called Liberbase and it is where visits to Liberland start, with bikes, supplies, and construction materials being gathered before going on the 40-minute bike ride.

In the spring of 2024, work started on the reconstruction of a former hunting lodge at a central location on Liberland’s mainland – Jefferson Square. The building was demolished a few years ago but the foundations, including a cellar, were left in place. The site was cleared, the foundations refreshed, and new walls for the future governmental building have sprung up from the ground. A professional construction crew was hired to speed up the re-building of this base, using large concrete bricks, to a standard that will make it logistically and practically difficult for the Croatian police and forestry workers to try to destroy.

The battle for legitimacy

The ongoing construction in Liberland is rather slow. It is difficult to bring construction materials to Liberland. It is prohibited to drive motor vehicles on the bike path leading to Liberland, which means that everything has to be manually hauled from Liberbase on cargo bikes. In addition, from time to time, bikes get stolen by the police or forestry workers. Despite these difficulties, the determination of the settlers is unwavering and they are working every day to move construction forward.

Is it possible to bring materials by boat? How did they get sandbags and other materials to Liberty Island?

The importance of such a commitment should not be underestimated. The continuous presence of settlers is incredibly important for Liberland. It shows the seriousness of the project. It shows that Liberland is a genuine community and a fledgling nation rather than, as some accusations tend to go, just an elaborate publicity stunt.

Practical difficulties with the Croatian authorities are not limited to construction-related issues. Even staying and camping in Liberland comes with its quirks. If you’re staying on Jefferson Square, you should be prepared for several police visits every day. These check-ups are usually nothing dramatic. The police usually show up, ask a couple of questions, and perhaps tell the settlers that they are not allowed to camp there or start a fire, but they don’t actually do anything more than that and just go about their day.

It seems that the Croatian police are rather shy about enforcing Croatian law in a territory that is not officially considered part of Croatia. International law often takes into account the de facto situation of the matter in any dispute. If Croatia enforced their law in Liberland, this would therefore be an indication that they do, in fact, consider the territory to be theirs in practice, despite the official stance of the state. It would play into the hands of Serbia, reinforcing their claims to the large parcels of land on the other side of the Danube.

In addition, Liberlanders on the ground report that the majority of Croatian police officers generally behave quite fairly and respectfully toward them – only a minority appear to hold a personal grudge against Liberland, being abusive and sometimes even violent instead. It seems highly likely that the police in general are just doing their job, following orders from above. Most of them don’t actually take it as a personal commitment to make life more difficult for the Liberlanders.

This is rather important from a big-picture perspective, because the settlers, by contrast, are often heavily personally invested in the project and see it as their mission to see Liberland develop into a proper country. This disparity in energy and determination is strong and perhaps this is what will, in the end, cause Liberland to prevail in this drawn-out dispute.

The dispute with Hrvatske šume is quite different. As of mid-2024, the forestry workers tend to turn up at Jefferson Square about every fortnight. Unlike the police, they do not limit themselves to words but tend to steal everything that is not bolted down – including tools, materials, tents, bikes, and personal possessions of the settlers camping there. The justification remains the same – to “clean the forest of any waste.” In their encounters with the police as well as the forestry workers, Liberlanders are of course meticulous in their video documentation of any illegal actions by the authorities.

The Liberlanders’ difficulties, however, do not just stay local. As previously mentioned, upon trying to enter Liberland from Croatia, people who do not have EU citizenship are promptly issued a one-to-three-month ban on entering Croatia, with 7 days to leave the country. This is done under legislation relating to citizenship and tourism.

However, things can escalate even further. Since last year, several key Liberland settlers and organizers, including Liberland’s President Vít Jedlička himself, have seen “heavier guns” used against them. They have been banned from entering Croatia for 5 years under anti-terrorism legislation, where the authorities argue that these Liberlanders are something akin to a threat to national security.

The Liberlanders have mounted a legal defense against this, in addition to challenging Croatia on other legal fronts. They have had some successes so far – in particular, it should now be clear that the Liberlanders do not need any building permits to construct buildings on their territory. Unfortunately, other issues – including the 5-year bans from Croatia – still remain unresolved.

Most Liberlanders remain hopeful nonetheless. They have seen their situation move forward significantly over the last year. A year ago, they were not even able to enter Liberland without being chased and/or arrested. Now, even some construction is possible, albeit in a limited way.

The road ahead

The long-term vision, of course, remains to build a full-fledged, internationally respected and recognized city-state. Liberland’s leaders often speak of a “Balkan Monaco”, referring to the amazing development possibilities that a freedom-oriented country in the middle of Europe could offer. Liberland has already hosted an urbanist/architectural contest, and there are concrete plans for the first hotel as well as a riverside real estate development. What is more, Liberland’s land is actually more than three times the size of Monaco.

Nevertheless, Liberland cannot move forward in a meaningful way toward these visions and aspirations under the status quo. The Liberlanders need to be able to build at scale and be free from harassment, both by the police and the forestry workers. Some kind of political deal is necessary as the next step toward proper development of Liberland.

Such a deal could take multiple forms, but all of them involve the Croatian authorities changing their attitude toward Liberland away from a policy of unrelenting obstruction – not necessarily toward outright recognition, but at least toward accepting Liberland as a neighborly project that will move forward and develop in some way.

One option could be to allow motor vehicles on the bike path toward Liberland, with a deal that could include charging Liberlanders some fair tolls to pay for the wear and tear of the pavement. An alternative would be to simply allow river crossing into Liberland from Serbia on the Danube. Since Croatia does not officially consider Liberland its territory, their current interference with this traffic is illegal anyway. Simply stopping this illegal conduct would help Liberland significantly without Croatia facilitating Liberland’s development in any active way.

Regardless of these options, the first and most notable step would be to stop banning non-EU citizens from re-entering Croatia as well as lift the existing (entirely unjustified and unreasonable) 5-year bans on Jedlička and the others.

It is easy to see why Croatia is wary and suspicious of Liberland’s development. One can understand the worries of a state in whose immediate proximity there is a new and unknown state growing and taking root. Nevertheless, Croatia actually has a lot to gain from making some kind of deal with Liberland.

First: currently there are perhaps a dozen policemen on patrol around Liberland at all times. This includes police vehicles and boats. This is a significant expense for the police force – an expense which is rather unsubstantiated, given that Liberlanders have clearly proven to be peaceful people who do not wish to pose any threat to Croatia, its people, or its law enforcement officers. Making a deal would mean that this large expense is not needed anymore.

Second: Liberland borders an area of Croatia that has been rather “left behind”, is underdeveloped, and suffers from a lack of jobs and investment. Consequently, younger people are leaving the area and the current population is growing older. If Liberland was growing and open for business nearby, it would provide the region exactly with the job opportunities, large investment, and overall development that it desperately needs.

Third: Croatia could use Liberland as an opportunity to actually gain an advantage in the ongoing border dispute with Serbia. As previously mentioned, Croatia cannot openly and properly administer the territory, as it would be an indication in the eyes of international law that they consider the territory to be theirs. On the other hand, it Liberland is located on “their” side of the Danube, so Croatia does have an interest in making sure the area is under their control somehow. Striking a deal with Liberland could involve Liberland agreeing to some obligations related to the administration of the territory which correspond to Croatia’s priorities. In this way, Croatia would have an active say in what happens on this land, effectively “outsourcing” its administration without officially claiming it as part of Croatia.

In addition to all these advantages being present, Liberland is very much open to cooperation with Croatia and is keenly looking forward to welcoming any future productive relations with Croatian authorities. There will be no grudges held on Liberland’s side, and if a mutually beneficial deal or solution were to be found, no one would look behind at any historical quibbles or difficulties. Liberland would be an excellent and friendly neighbor to Croatia, not just causing any issues but actively helping the overall development of the surrounding region.

Time will tell how things will develop. At the present, the momentum, energy, and enthusiasm is definitely on the side of Liberland. There seems to be very little actual interest from the Croatian side to cause issues for Liberland and to continue to prevent the fledgling state from developing further. All that is left are the bureaucratic hurdles of a state that is being overly conservative about its approach to the important issues of the day. Things might take time, but seeing the determination of the settlers and the willingness of all Liberlanders to be unrelenting in their fight for the cause, it is not difficult to argue that we might be seeing the dawn of Liberland as the world’s next proper city-state as we speak.

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

"Degeneration" or "Вырождение" ![[photo_2025-01-29 23.23.15.jpeg]]

A once-functional object, now eroded by time and human intervention, stripped of its original purpose. Layers of presence accumulate—marks, alterations, traces of intent—until the very essence is obscured. Restoration is paradoxical: to reclaim, one must erase. Yet erasure is an impossibility, for to remove these imprints is to deny the existence of those who shaped them.

The work stands as a meditation on entropy, memory, and the irreversible dialogue between creation and decay.

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

Lyn Alden - биткойн евангелист или евангелистка, я пока не понял npub1a2cww4kn9wqte4ry70vyfwqyqvpswksna27rtxd8vty6c74era8sdcw83a

Thomas Pacchia - PubKey owner - X - @tpacchia npub1xy6exlg37pw84cpyj05c2pdgv86hr25cxn0g7aa8g8a6v97mhduqeuhgpl

calvadev - Shopstr npub16dhgpql60vmd4mnydjut87vla23a38j689jssaqlqqlzrtqtd0kqex0nkq

Calle - Cashu founder npub12rv5lskctqxxs2c8rf2zlzc7xx3qpvzs3w4etgemauy9thegr43sf485vg

Джек Дорси npub1sg6plzptd64u62a878hep2kev88swjh3tw00gjsfl8f237lmu63q0uf63m

21 ideas npub1lm3f47nzyf0rjp6fsl4qlnkmzed4uj4h2gnf2vhe3l3mrj85vqks6z3c7l

Много адресов. Хз кто надо сортировать https://github.com/aitechguy/nostr-address-book

ФиатДжеф - создатель Ностр - https://github.com/fiatjaf npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6

EVAN KALOUDIS Zues wallet npub19kv88vjm7tw6v9qksn2y6h4hdt6e79nh3zjcud36k9n3lmlwsleqwte2qd

Программер Коди https://github.com/CodyTseng/nostr-relay npub1syjmjy0dp62dhccq3g97fr87tngvpvzey08llyt6ul58m2zqpzps9wf6wl

Anna Chekhovich - Managing Bitcoin at The Anti-Corruption Foundation https://x.com/AnyaChekhovich npub1y2st7rp54277hyd2usw6shy3kxprnmpvhkezmldp7vhl7hp920aq9cfyr7

@ 42342239:1d80db24

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), we face a future where we may soon have access to almost everything we desire – at least in the digital realm. But unfortunately, what we wish for doesn’t always align with what we truly need, or what would benefit us.

The Dutch ethologist Niko Tinbergen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973 for his studies of animal behaviour patterns. While earlier scientists had primarily focused on learning as the main explanation for animal behaviour, Tinbergen instead emphasised instincts.

Tinbergen studied, among other things, what makes newly hatched bird chicks beg for food from their parents. This was investigated by presenting parentless chicks with various painted beak models to see which ones they would seek food from. Several objects proved more popular than real gull beaks.

Artificial eggs were also created and placed in bird nests. Black-headed gulls that received wooden eggs before laying their own were found to actually refrain from laying real eggs. Fake eggs were painted in different colours and patterns, and made in various sizes. The gulls always preferred trying to incubate eggs of absurd sizes – for example eggs with eight times the volume of real ones. The poor gulls made desperate attempts to sit on these giant eggs – but often slid off.

The explanation for the gulls’ self-destructive behaviour was that they had a hardwired ability (instinct) to respond to specific stimuli (appearance of beaks and eggs with particular colours/sizes). Researchers exaggerated these stimuli, creating stronger but ultimately misguided reactions. The concept of "superstimuli" was hatched. Nothing in the gulls’ evolution had prepared them for these experiments, explaining their self-destructive behaviors.

Psychologist Deirdre Barrett has translated this concept to a human context. She argues that superstimuli govern human behaviours much like they do other animals’, citing junk food consumption, addictive social media use, and pornography consumption as examples. Nothing in Homo sapiens’ evolution prepared us for modern society’s stimuli, which might explain our frequently self-destructive behaviours.

When the Liberal Party (Swedish political party Liberalerna) proposes mandatory porn filters on all mobile phones "to protect children and youth," it might appear they’re on the right track. However, these issues deserve more profound discussions.

How do we create technical solutions that meet our fundamental needs for health, education, and human connection – rather than just supplying mindless scrolling entertainment? How can we ensure those collecting our data don’t exploit it for their own interests, selling us things we don’t need? Is the current model of centralisation, corporate giants, and profit maximisation really compatible with our best interests?

In summary: How can we ensure future technology serves our real needs, rather than mislead us - much like Niko Tinbergen deceived the poor gulls?

@ 5a261a61:2ebd4480

Tom stopped and nodded to Jiro with a smile. "Just wanted to see how it's going," he said as he approached the counter.

"People need to eat and I have food. Can't complain," replied the ever-smiling Jiro. "Are you heading out to make some money, or should I put it on your tab again?" he continued without pausing his stirring.

Tom might have been short on cash, but his pride (and caution) never allowed him to leave debts with friends. And Jiro was about the closest thing to a friend among all his acquaintances.

"I can still afford it today," Tom smiled tiredly, "but if you know of something that might bring in some metal, I could stop by tomorrow too."

"There might be something, but nothing that would pay the bills today. You might have better luck across the street. They're having another party today, and as a good neighbor and main supplier of coconut oil, I have a magic piece of paper that will get you on the guest list."

"And here comes the 'but'?"

"If you're this impatient with women too, I'm not surprised you don't have one to make a home out of those four walls... Have I told you about my niece Noi?" Juri asked with his typical mischievous smile.

Tom raised an eyebrow. "Maybe. But I have a feeling you're going to tell me again anyway."

Juri laughed. "See, that's why I like you. You always know what's coming." He leaned closer across the counter. "Noi is a smart girl, studying journalism. But she needs a bit of... how to put it... social training."

"And by that, you mean exactly what?" Tom asked cautiously.

"Nothing bad, don't worry," Juri waved his hand dismissively. "She just needs someone to take her into better society. You know, to see how things work. And, as it happens, she has tickets to tonight's party at The Beach."

Tom sighed. He already suspected where this was heading. "Juri, I'm not exactly—"

"The perfect gentleman who could show my niece how to behave in higher circles?" Juri cut him off. "Come on, Tom. You're a detective. You know how to adapt to wherever the wind blows. And she has those tickets. You want to go to the party, she needs a guide. Everyone will be happy."

Tom remained silent for a moment, considering his options. On one hand, he wasn't in the mood to babysit some naive student. On the other hand, those tickets would really come in handy... especially since he had nothing better going on.

Where to next?

• accept offer to get out of the stale water
• find another way other than babysitting

@ 878dff7c:037d18bc

Opposition Demands Transparency in Mass Citizenship Ceremonies

Summary:

Opposition home affairs spokesman James Paterson has called on the government to share the contact details of new Australians sworn in during mass citizenship ceremonies organized by Tony Burke. Paterson criticized these large-scale events as a "reckless politicisation" ahead of the federal election and emphasized the need for local MPs to welcome new citizens, as outlined in the Australian Citizenship Ceremonies Code. The Department of Home Affairs, responsible for the ceremonies, has been urged to provide this information promptly and impartially. Labor has denied political motivations, stating the events aimed to clear a backlog of eligible citizens. Sources: The Australian - 4 March 2025

Gambling Companies Threaten Increased Promotions Amid AFL Revenue Dispute

Summary:

Australian gambling companies plan to escalate betting promotions in response to the AFL's initiative to claim a larger share of gambling revenue from its games. The AFL proposes a minimum annual fee on bookmakers, starting at $20,000 for large operators and lower for smaller ones, increasing incrementally until 2027. Smaller bookmakers argue this fee structure will force them to use harmful inducements to maintain profitability, potentially exacerbating gambling-related harm. Critics, including public health experts, call for urgent federal regulation to mitigate these risks and urge the AFL to reconsider its financial strategy to avoid long-term reliance on gambling revenue. Sources: The Guardian - 4 March 2025

Tropical Cyclone Alfred Threatens Southeast Queensland and Northern NSW

Summary:

Tropical Cyclone Alfred is forecasted to intensify to a Category 2 system, bringing damaging winds up to 120 km/h and heavy rainfall to the New South Wales and Queensland coasts starting Wednesday. The cyclone is expected to make landfall early Friday, with areas from Brisbane to northern NSW, including Byron Bay and the Gold Coast, at significant risk. Authorities have issued multiple flood watches and cyclone warnings, urging residents to prepare and secure their properties. Queensland Premier David Crisafulli emphasized the importance of preparedness, particularly for low-lying coastal areas facing storm surge threats. Sources: news.com.au - 4 March 2025, The Guardian - 4 March 2025

NSW Secures Full Funding for Public Schools by 2034

Summary:

New South Wales has reached an agreement with the federal government to fully fund its public schools by 2034, injecting $4.8 billion over the next decade. This deal mirrors recent funding arrangements made by Victoria and South Australia, involving a 5% increase in commonwealth funding. Under current policies, states contribute 75% of school funding and the commonwealth 20%, leaving a 5% gap to be bridged. The new agreement will see the commonwealth's contribution rise to 25% by 2034, removing previously allowed non-educational expenses from funding calculations. The funding will support various educational reforms, including individualized student support and mental health initiatives. Sources: The Guardian - 4 March 2025

Labor Promises $2.6 Billion Pay Raise for Aged-Care Nurses

Summary:

The Albanese government has pledged $2.6 billion to fund pay raises for 60,000 aged-care nurses, aligning with a Fair Work Commission decision, as part of their health-focused pre-election campaign. This brings Labor's total spending on award wage increases for aged-care workers to $17.7 billion. The pay raise will increase the average registered and enrolled nurse's pay by about 12%, with instalments in March 2025, October 2025, and August 2026. Health Minister Anika Wells and Employment Minister Murray Watt emphasized the importance of paying aged-care nurses fairly to address workforce shortages and close the gender pay gap. Sources: The Australian - 4 March 2025

Coalition Pledges $3 Billion to Expand F-35 Fleet Amid Strategic Concerns

Summary:

Opposition Leader Peter Dutton has announced a $3 billion commitment to acquire an additional 28 F-35A Lightning II fighter jets, aiming to increase Australia's fleet to 100 aircraft. This move seeks to counteract the Albanese government's earlier decision to cancel the purchase of these fighters in 2024. Dutton emphasized the importance of bolstering Australia's air combat capabilities in response to regional threats. However, defense experts have criticized the plan, suggesting that there are higher priorities for defense spending, and noting that the actual cost could be significantly higher than the pledged amount. Sources: The Australian - 1 March 2025, The Guardian - 2 March 2025, Australian Financial Review - 2 March 2025, news.com.au - 1 March 2025

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

![[yedinaya-rossiya-bear.png]]

1️⃣ Be where the bear roams. Stay in its territory, where it hunts for food. No point setting a trap in your backyard if the bear’s chilling in the forest.

2️⃣ Set a well-hidden trap. Bury it, disguise it, and place the bait right in the center. Bears are omnivores—just like secret police KGB agents. And what’s the tastiest bait for them? Money.

3️⃣ Wait for the bear to take the bait. When it reaches in, the trap will snap shut around its paw. It’ll be alive, but stuck. No escape.

Now, what you do with a trapped bear is another question... 😏

@ 6e0ea5d6:0327f353

Ascolta bene!

Allow me to sit by your side, amico mio, and—just like a son—I will tell you a harsh truth: no matter the circumstances, the blame lies with you for everything that happens within your realm of responsibility. Your family, your business, your ventures—whatever it may be—it doesn’t matter if it was by action or omission, if something went wrong, take the blame and resolve it however you need to!

Men like us, who live in hard battles, do not have the luxury of handing over the burdens of our responsibilities to others!

We live in a time where everyone is encouraged to place the blame for their failures on others or on abstractions. To hell with all that nonsense, damn it! Never feel comfortable or relieved when you hear stories of people who have made the same mistakes or have the same flaws as you.

Knowing that others have failed in the same goals should only serve as a simple acknowledgment that nothing is easy.

However, don’t allow yourself to lessen your effort or blame when you see others’ difficulties.

On the other hand, don’t deceive yourself into trying to become a productivity machine.

Learn to be rational, but always strive for the best from yourself, without pushing your limits beyond what your mind and body can endure.

Thank you for reading, my friend!

If this message resonated with you, consider leaving your "🥃" as a token of appreciation.

A toast to our family!

@ 43baaf0c:d193e34c

As an artist, your main desire is to create. I believe we are all born creators, but some of us have a deeper passion for it than others. Those who dedicate themselves to their art and receive recognition for it are often called artists. But let’s set aside the debate about what defines an artist and focus on what truly matters our craft.

This is what we love to do. We dream about it, wake up for it, and live for it. It’s more than just work—it’s a passion that comes from within. You could even go as far as to call it your purpose in life.

Often, you’d still create even without money because your art is beyond numbers. But we live in a world where kisses won’t pay for groceries—at least, I can’t pay that way! So, money matters, not as the goal, but as a tool to keep doing what you love: creating.

Artists have often been seen as struggling creatives, barely making ends meet. When I started art school, I saw so many parents telling their kids to choose a “real” career doctor, lawyer, something secure. A “real job,” right? 😅

Luckily, my parents never told me that. My mom always said, follow your heart. (Thanks, Mom and Dad! 🙏)

After art school, I spent four years studying graphic and media design, followed by another four years in animation and film. But when it came time to find work as a 2D animator, I struggled. To be honest, I wasn’t good enough—or at least, that’s how it felt. Plus, the industry had already shifted heavily toward 3D animation.

But I wasn’t discouraged. I loved everything related to art and design. And growing up in a small city like Sneek, Friesland (The Netherlands), I had always dreamed of seeing more of the world.

Travel & Filming I’ve always been fascinated by people, their stories, and how different cultures live. That curiosity led me to documentary filmmaking, and along the way, I started building my own stock footage database (you can find it all on https://www.shutterstock.com/g/traveltelly.

Making a living as an independent documentary filmmaker isn’t easy, so I often filmed for volunteer organizations. This gave me the opportunity to experience different cultures while also shooting stock footage. I did this for about 10 years, traveling across the globe—and I’ve been fortunate enough to visit 88 countries so far.

Technology, Change, and Art Stories In 2018, I read The Bitcoin Standard because I couldn’t understand why, despite investing in an expensive camera, I struggled to earn it back as stock footage royalties kept dropping. That book opened my eyes to the first part of the equation: money itself.

It took me a few years to truly grasp Bitcoin’s significance, and through trial and error, I realized it’s the only cryptocurrency I believe in. I had my fair share of shitcoin lessons—where I made some money but also lost it. Those experiences taught me a lot about value, scarcity, and what truly lasts.

Bitcoin Is Different Once you truly understand what Bitcoin stands for, you realize it’s a path to real financial freedom. Like any journey, there will be ups and downs, and plenty of people will tell you you’re wrong—especially when Bitcoin’s price drops in dollar (fiat) terms. But when in doubt, zoom out.

One thing I’ve learned is that your own path is never truly wrong for you. When others say it is, it’s usually because they’re comparing it to their own. But we’re all walking our own unique journey. The moment you start comparing, you begin to doubt. True happiness comes from embracing your path—not someone else’s.

Art Is My Life, Bitcoin Is the Tool For me, art is life. Bitcoin is simply the tool that allows me to live a good artist’s life. Saving in Bitcoin and spend when I need it gives me peace of mind. And even with a bit more financial freedom, that doesn’t mean I’d ever stop creating. I always want to push myself, improve my craft, and hopefully inspire others through my art and stories.

I truly believe that all good energy comes from human connection and relationships. The most important thing is having a good day with the people around you. These days, we share those moments on social media—but that’s just a reflection of a single moment, whether happy or sad. If you don’t truly live that moment, it’s just wasted energy.

I’ve also learned to truly appreciate other artists and their craft—to find inspiration in their work. This mindset comes more naturally when you have peace of mind, something a Bitcoin savings can provide.

When you’re not under constant financial pressure, art doesn’t have to feel like a business where you must sell your work immediately at an exhibition or event just to make ends meet. Instead, you can focus on creating for the sake of art itself, allowing your work to evolve naturally.

Freedom to Share Your Art on Nostr Luckily, we now have platforms like Nostr where we can share and earn from our art while building a community, without anyone controlling what we do. Bitcoin stands for financial freedom, and Nostr stands for art-sharing freedom. With Bitcoin, you can walk your own path, and with Nostr, you can share your journey freely.

When you’re free to walk your own path, you naturally attract like-minded people because you don’t feel the need to constantly compare yourself to others. The more you embrace being yourself, the more you’ll connect with people who resonate with you.

I’m not suggesting you stay in your own bubble, but rather acknowledging that everyone is in their own bubble in some way. Just like not everyone feels at home in the same country, not everyone feels at home in the same space or community. It’s all about finding where you belong and who aligns with your energy.

Networking/Events I’ve always hated networking events in my creative job. I understand their value, but they were never really my thing. So, I was hesitant at first to attend a Nostr event. But it was in Tokyo (Nostrasia), and I love Japan, so that gave me a good reason to go. Fortunately, I was right—it felt like the right fit for me.

I love to create, and I tend to talk less, so I’m very selective about the events I attend. Nostr events felt different. It’s like we’re all builders and creators who have already broken free from the fiat mindset. By that, I mean the mindset where you go to an event, pay a high price (like at some mayor Bitcoin events, which I can’t stand), and expect to get something in return. The fiat job mentality where you exchange time for direct money, or as we say in Dutch, uurtje factuurtje (hour work, invoice) just doesn’t fit with me. The more you walk your own path, the more you realize what works for you and what doesn’t.

My only advice? Save in Bitcoin, create, and walk your own path. And yes, don’t forget to smile and enjoy the ride. The journey is the destination!

@ f16adada:68b1dabc

{"hours":15,"content":"TEST 2","field":"General","mediaUrls":[]}

@ f3873798:24b3f2f3

Olá meus caros leitores, estou fazendo um guia voltados aos Brasileiros aqui do Nostr. Vejo que há muito conteúdo em inglês que infelizmente não é traduzido para o português. Por este motivo tomei a iniciativa de começa com este artigo.

Espero que gostem deste artigo, que tenham uma ótima leitura.

Bem-vindos ao Mundo Nostr !!

Acredito que todos que estão aqui sabem um pouco sobre o Nostr e que é uma rede social descentralizada, local onde você pode postar sem medo de represarias governamentais [ditatoriais].

Mas, vocês conheçem como o Nostr funciona e todas as ferramentas que vocês têm disponível neste ecossistema?

  Poisé, acho que não.

O Nostr é um protocolo de comunição descentralizada muito versátil, isso quer dizer que não está limitado a um tipo de "rede social", nele é possível fazer Blogs, streaming, podcast e até mesmo e-mails com autonomia total do usuário.

Meus caros, isso é liberdade total, sem ficar na mão de bigtech como Microsoft, Apple, Google.

Para ficar mais claro darei um exemplo para vocês:

Imagine você criando uma conta no Youtube, você deve aceitar as Diretrizes impostas pela google no uso do SEU CANAL, por mais que você tenha autonomia na produção do SEU CONTEÚDO, determinadas palavras e termos não podem ser usadas, ou seja, O GOOGLE DETERMINA O QUE VOCÊ PODE OU NÃO FAZER NO SEU CANAL.

Veja que é uma liberdade parcial no processo de criação de conteúdo.

Já no Nostr, o seu canal é completamente seu. Não há nenhuma entidade, empresa responsável pelo seu conteúdo a não ser você.

O Mundo Nostr e sua funcionalidades

No nostr você terá acesso a uma diversidade de aplicativos para cada objetivo de uso. Mas, antes de abordar sobre os diversos layouts e funcionalidades do Nostr é necessário aprender o básico deste universo.

Em primeiro lugar: É necessário que vocês saibam que a partir do momento que vocês criaram um conta aqui, independente do "cliente" ou "distro como o pessoal que gosta de fazer analogia com o Linux", vocês recebem duas importantes chaves ! A chave privada e a chave pública.

A Chave privada, também chamada de chave secreta é o acesso ilimitado a sua conta, ou seja, é a partir dela que poderá produzir conteúdos em geral neste mundo. Ela te dará acesso a todos os rercusos do Nostr, portanto é importante que esteja muito segura.

A Chave pública, você ver como os outros usuários ver o seu perfil e o seu conteúdo. Ela é uma importante chave para que as pessoas possam ter acesso aos conteúdo que vocês públicam, ou seja, é atráves dela que você poderá compartilhar o seu perfil para que seu público tenha acesso ao seu mundo.

Dito isso vamos conhecer os apps e os chamados clientes Nostr.

O que são clientes Nostr?

Clientes são as várias maneiras de interagir com o protocolo Nostr [fonte: Nostr.com]

É semelhante ao Sistema Operacional Linux que tem várias distro com diferentes layout para o mesmo Sistema.

Vejamos as principais para que vocês tenham uma noção da amplitude do protocolo.

• Damus: é um app para celulares IOS terem acesso ao NOSTR, tem formato de rede social, como Primal e o Amethyst.
• Primal é um app versátil serve tanto para celulares IOS, Android e PCs, também tem formato de rede social, porém você pode abrir uma carteira lightning bitcoin exclusiva deste app, facilitando muito os micropagamentos em satoshis pela rede.
• Amethyst, assim como o Damus é para o IOS o Amethsy é para o Android, sou suspeita para falar sobre este clientes, pois é o meu favorito. Além de várias possibilidades de edição de texto, ele tem diversas funcionalidade incluídas, como *Guia Mercado*** onde você pode comercializar produtos pela rede, tem como intergrar com outros apps de streaming, formar grupos temáticos etc.
• OXchat não é exatamente uma rede social tem um layout que lembra um pouco o Whatsapp ou Telegram, serve como uma rede de interação instantânea, tem diversos recursos que achei mais interessante é a lousa, onde é possível interagir no grupo com desenhos etc.
• Yakihonne que é justamente o cliente que estou usando para construir este artigo. Como usuário posso dizer que ele tem um foco para criação de Blogs no protocolo Nostr, lembrando que cada cliente tem um layout diferente, ou seja, uso de templates para definir a estrutura do seu blog é meio limitado [ressalva assim como vocês sou iniciante do Nostr, pode ser que tenha como determinar um layout próprio, mas eu mesma não sei como]

Há muitos outros clientes disponíveis para acessar e experimentar e conhecer todos eu recomendo o site: Nostrapps

Agora que você leu este pequeno guia, se divirta aqui no nostr e não se esqueça de apoia a gente.

Até Mais !!

@ 0fa80bd3:ea7325de

The land that belongs to the indigenous peoples of Russia has been seized by a gang of killers who have unleashed a war of extermination. They wipe out anyone who refuses to conform to their rules. Those who disagree and stay behind are tortured and killed in prisons and labor camps. Those who flee lose their homeland, dissolve into foreign cultures, and fade away. And those who stand up to protect their people are attacked by the misled and deceived. The deceived die for the unchecked greed of a single dictator—thousands from both sides, people who just wanted to live, raise their kids, and build a future.

Now, they are forced to make an impossible choice: abandon their homeland or die. Some perish on the battlefield, others lose themselves in exile, stripped of their identity, scattered in a world that isn’t theirs.

There’s been endless debate about how to fix this, how to clear the field of the weeds that choke out every new sprout, every attempt at change. But the real problem? We can’t play by their rules. We can’t speak their language or use their weapons. We stand for humanity, and no matter how righteous our cause, we will not multiply suffering. Victory doesn’t come from matching the enemy—it comes from staying ahead, from using tools they haven’t mastered yet. That’s how wars are won.

Our only resource is the will of the people to rewrite the order of things. Historian Timothy Snyder once said that a nation cannot exist without a city. A city is where the most active part of a nation thrives. But the cities are occupied. The streets are watched. Gatherings are impossible. They control the money. They control the mail. They control the media. And any dissent is crushed before it can take root.

So I started asking myself: How do we stop this fragmentation? How do we create a space where people can rebuild their connections when they’re ready? How do we build a self-sustaining network, where everyone contributes and benefits proportionally, while keeping their freedom to leave intact? And more importantly—how do we make it spread, even in occupied territory?

In 2009, something historic happened: the internet got its own money. Thanks to Satoshi Nakamoto, the world took a massive leap forward. Bitcoin and decentralized ledgers shattered the idea that money must be controlled by the state. Now, to move or store value, all you need is an address and a key. A tiny string of text, easy to carry, impossible to seize.

That was the year money broke free. The state lost its grip. Its biggest weapon—physical currency—became irrelevant. Money became purely digital.

The internet was already a sanctuary for information, a place where people could connect and organize. But with Bitcoin, it evolved. Now, value itself could flow freely, beyond the reach of authorities.

Think about it: when seedlings are grown in controlled environments before being planted outside, they get stronger, survive longer, and bear fruit faster. That’s how we handle crops in harsh climates—nurture them until they’re ready for the wild.

Now, picture the internet as that controlled environment for ideas. Bitcoin? It’s the fertile soil that lets them grow. A testing ground for new models of interaction, where concepts can take root before they move into the real world. If nation-states are a battlefield, locked in a brutal war for territory, the internet is boundless. It can absorb any number of ideas, any number of people, and it doesn’t run out of space.

But for this ecosystem to thrive, people need safe ways to communicate, to share ideas, to build something real—without surveillance, without censorship, without the constant fear of being erased.

This is where Nostr comes in.

Nostr—"Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays"—is more than just a messaging protocol. It’s a new kind of city. One that no dictator can seize, no corporation can own, no government can shut down.

It’s built on decentralization, encryption, and individual control. Messages don’t pass through central servers—they are relayed through independent nodes, and users choose which ones to trust. There’s no master switch to shut it all down. Every person owns their identity, their data, their connections. And no one—no state, no tech giant, no algorithm—can silence them.

In a world where cities fall and governments fail, Nostr is a city that cannot be occupied. A place for ideas, for networks, for freedom. A city that grows stronger the more people build within it.

@ a95c6243:d345522c

Die «Eliten» führen bereits groß angelegte Pilotprojekte für eine Zukunft durch, die sie wollen und wir nicht. Das schreibt der OffGuardian in einem Update zum Thema «EU-Brieftasche für die digitale Identität». Das Portal weist darauf hin, dass die Akteure dabei nicht gerade zimperlich vorgehen und auch keinen Hehl aus ihren Absichten machen. Transition News hat mehrfach darüber berichtet, zuletzt hier und hier.

Mit der EU Digital Identity Wallet (EUDI-Brieftasche) sei eine einzige von der Regierung herausgegebene App geplant, die Ihre medizinischen Daten, Beschäftigungsdaten, Reisedaten, Bildungsdaten, Impfdaten, Steuerdaten, Finanzdaten sowie (potenziell) Kopien Ihrer Unterschrift, Fingerabdrücke, Gesichtsscans, Stimmproben und DNA enthält. So fasst der OffGuardian die eindrucksvolle Liste möglicher Einsatzbereiche zusammen.

Auch Dokumente wie der Personalausweis oder der Führerschein können dort in elektronischer Form gespeichert werden. Bis 2026 sind alle EU-Mitgliedstaaten dazu verpflichtet, Ihren Bürgern funktionierende und frei verfügbare digitale «Brieftaschen» bereitzustellen.

Die Menschen würden diese App nutzen, so das Portal, um Zahlungen vorzunehmen, Kredite zu beantragen, ihre Steuern zu zahlen, ihre Rezepte abzuholen, internationale Grenzen zu überschreiten, Unternehmen zu gründen, Arzttermine zu buchen, sich um Stellen zu bewerben und sogar digitale Verträge online zu unterzeichnen.

All diese Daten würden auf ihrem Mobiltelefon gespeichert und mit den Regierungen von neunzehn Ländern (plus der Ukraine) sowie über 140 anderen öffentlichen und privaten Partnern ausgetauscht. Von der Deutschen Bank über das ukrainische Ministerium für digitalen Fortschritt bis hin zu Samsung Europe. Unternehmen und Behörden würden auf diese Daten im Backend zugreifen, um «automatisierte Hintergrundprüfungen» durchzuführen.

Der Bundesverband der Verbraucherzentralen und Verbraucherverbände (VZBV) habe Bedenken geäußert, dass eine solche App «Risiken für den Schutz der Privatsphäre und der Daten» berge, berichtet das Portal. Die einzige Antwort darauf laute: «Richtig, genau dafür ist sie ja da!»

Das alles sei keine Hypothese, betont der OffGuardian. Es sei vielmehr «Potential». Damit ist ein EU-Projekt gemeint, in dessen Rahmen Dutzende öffentliche und private Einrichtungen zusammenarbeiten, «um eine einheitliche Vision der digitalen Identität für die Bürger der europäischen Länder zu definieren». Dies ist nur eines der groß angelegten Pilotprojekte, mit denen Prototypen und Anwendungsfälle für die EUDI-Wallet getestet werden. Es gibt noch mindestens drei weitere.

Den Ball der digitalen ID-Systeme habe die Covid-«Pandemie» über die «Impfpässe» ins Rollen gebracht. Seitdem habe das Thema an Schwung verloren. Je näher wir aber der vollständigen Einführung der EUid kämen, desto mehr Propaganda der Art «Warum wir eine digitale Brieftasche brauchen» könnten wir in den Mainstream-Medien erwarten, prognostiziert der OffGuardian. Vielleicht müssten wir schon nach dem nächsten großen «Grund», dem nächsten «katastrophalen katalytischen Ereignis» Ausschau halten. Vermutlich gebe es bereits Pläne, warum die Menschen plötzlich eine digitale ID-Brieftasche brauchen würden.

Die Entwicklung geht jedenfalls stetig weiter in genau diese Richtung. Beispielsweise hat Jordanien angekündigt, die digitale biometrische ID bei den nächsten Wahlen zur Verifizierung der Wähler einzuführen. Man wolle «den Papierkrieg beenden und sicherstellen, dass die gesamte Kette bis zu den nächsten Parlamentswahlen digitalisiert wird», heißt es. Absehbar ist, dass dabei einige Wahlberechtigte «auf der Strecke bleiben» werden, wie im Fall von Albanien geschehen.

Derweil würden die Briten gerne ihre Privatsphäre gegen Effizienz eintauschen, behauptet Tony Blair. Der Ex-Premier drängte kürzlich erneut auf digitale Identitäten und Gesichtserkennung. Blair ist Gründer einer Denkfabrik für globalen Wandel, Anhänger globalistischer Technokratie und «moderner Infrastruktur».

Abschließend warnt der OffGuardian vor der Illusion, Trump und Musk würden den US-Bürgern «diesen Schlamassel ersparen». Das Department of Government Efficiency werde sich auf die digitale Identität stürzen. Was könne schließlich «effizienter» sein als eine einzige App, die für alles verwendet wird? Der Unterschied bestehe nur darin, dass die US-Version vielleicht eher privat als öffentlich sei – sofern es da überhaupt noch einen wirklichen Unterschied gebe.

[Titelbild: Screenshot OffGuardian]

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Dieser Beitrag ist zuerst auf Transition News erschienen.

@ f3873798:24b3f2f3

Estamos próximos a uma das principais premiações da indústria. Vemos não só a perversão de pautas woke e destruição de valores ocidentes, mas também um grande confronto entre o que mais forte o ativismo Lgbt ou o ativismo político entre as atrizes Fernanda Torres e Karla Gascon.

Só evidência o caos que é os conflitos de interesse de diversas vertentes que a esquerda abraça e diz que é sua.

Mas, o que mais impressiona é o fato do Oscar ter um filme no indicado que até o momento não ganhou nada, porém é notório a superioridade aos outros, este filme é Sing Sing.

Porque o filme Sing sing foi ignorado pelos avaliadores?

O filme tem uma narrativa de superação e como a arte pode mudar as pessoas e as realidades mais pertubadoras. Ele retrata o Sistema carcerário americano, onde realidade de vários presos é mudada atraves de um projeto de um teatro na prisão.

Observando friamente a sintese do filme é uma história que se encaixa perfeitamente aos vies de bandidolatria, se não tivesse um questão, a ação transformadora da arte e deixando de serem vítimas e serem artistas.

Porém apesar de ser uma obra de arte que estimula as pessoas pensarem sobre a vida e ter uma pegada inovadora e completamente diferente dos demais filmes que retratam o sistema carcerário, ele é totalmente ignorado por não ser suficientemente lacrativo.

@ f3873798:24b3f2f3

Muitas pessoas sofrem em silêncio diante das dificuldades da vida. Seja um término de relacionamento, o convívio em uma família desestruturada ou até mesmo situações extremas, como estar preso em um campo de concentração, a escrita pode ir além de um simples ato de colocar palavras no papel – ela pode ser um agente de libertação.

Seja em forma de diário, desabafo, artigo de opinião ou até mesmo a construção de uma história fantástica, como foi o caso de Harry Potter, escrever pode trazer alívio e transformar a dor em algo criativo e significativo.

Escrever é quase mágico. O simples ato de organizar ideias para construir um texto dá ao escritor o poder de viajar para mundos criados por sua própria mente, funcionando como uma verdadeira forma de escapismo.

Em certas situações extremas, essa pode ser a única alternativa para fugir da realidade, um fio de esperança para aqueles que se sentem perdidos na escuridão do desespero.

Sabe aquela fase da adolescência em que pensamos "Meus pais não me entendem"? Se você está passando por isso, este texto é para você!

Por que não transformar suas angústias em palavras e criar histórias maravilhosas sobre seus anseios, sonhos ou aprendizados do dia a dia?

A escrita pode oferecer um refúgio, um momento em que tudo ao seu redor se transforma e seu processo criativo se torna uma lembrança especial.

Portanto, se você está sofrendo com os desafios da vida, experimente colocar seus sentimentos no papel e transforme a dor em arte. Você pode se surpreender com o poder das palavras.

Essa é a mensagem de hoje.

Até a próxima leitura aleatória

@ 2e8970de:63345c7a

The Atlantas FED GDP indicator GDPNow was recently adjusted to -1.5% (https://stacker.news/items/899962). Now it got revised even further down to -2.8%.

Mind you, this is a change of almost 7% down from almost 4% growth to almost 3% reduction within a month!

https://x.com/AtlantaFed/status/1896598929564725716

originally posted at https://stacker.news/items/902707

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

Secretary of State Marco Rubio issued new guidance halting spending on most foreign aid grants for 90 days, including military assistance to Ukraine. This immediate order shocked State Department officials and mandates “stop-work orders” on nearly all existing foreign assistance awards.

While it allows exceptions for military financing to Egypt and Israel, as well as emergency food assistance, it restricts aid to key allies like Ukraine, Jordan, and Taiwan. The guidance raises potential liability risks for the government due to unfulfilled contracts.

A report will be prepared within 85 days to recommend which programs to continue or discontinue.

@ 9e69e420:d12360c2

President Trump plans to withdraw 20,000 U.S. troops from Europe and expects European allies to contribute financially to the remaining military presence. Reported by ANSA, Trump aims to deliver this message to European leaders since taking office. A European diplomat noted, “the costs cannot be borne solely by American taxpayers.”

The Pentagon hasn't commented yet. Trump has previously sought lower troop levels in Europe and had ordered cuts during his first term. The U.S. currently maintains around 65,000 troops in Europe, with total forces reaching 100,000 since the Ukraine invasion. Trump's new approach may shift military focus to the Pacific amid growing concerns about China.

Sauce

@ 6be5cc06:5259daf0

A seguir, veja como instalar e configurar o Privoxy no Pop!_OS.

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1. Instalar o Tor e o Privoxy

Abra o terminal e execute:

bash sudo apt update sudo apt install tor privoxy

Explicação:

• Tor: Roteia o tráfego pela rede Tor.
• Privoxy: Proxy avançado que intermedia a conexão entre aplicativos e o Tor.

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2. Configurar o Privoxy

Abra o arquivo de configuração do Privoxy:

bash sudo nano /etc/privoxy/config

Navegue até a última linha (atalho: Ctrl + / depois Ctrl + V para navegar diretamente até a última linha) e insira:

bash forward-socks5 / 127.0.0.1:9050 .

Isso faz com que o Privoxy envie todo o tráfego para o Tor através da porta 9050.

Salve (CTRL + O e Enter) e feche (CTRL + X) o arquivo.

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3. Iniciar o Tor e o Privoxy

Agora, inicie e habilite os serviços:

bash sudo systemctl start tor sudo systemctl start privoxy sudo systemctl enable tor sudo systemctl enable privoxy

Explicação:

• start: Inicia os serviços.
• enable: Faz com que iniciem automaticamente ao ligar o PC.

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4. Configurar o Navegador Firefox

Para usar a rede Tor com o Firefox:

1. Abra o Firefox.
2. Acesse Configurações → Configurar conexão.
3. Selecione Configuração manual de proxy.
4. Configure assim:
   • Proxy HTTP: 127.0.0.1
   • Porta: 8118 (porta padrão do Privoxy)
   • Domínio SOCKS (v5): 127.0.0.1
   • Porta: 9050
5. Marque a opção "Usar este proxy também em HTTPS".
6. Clique em OK.

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5. Verificar a Conexão com o Tor

Abra o navegador e acesse:

text https://check.torproject.org/

Se aparecer a mensagem "Congratulations. This browser is configured to use Tor.", a configuração está correta.

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Dicas Extras

• Privoxy pode ser ajustado para bloquear anúncios e rastreadores.
• Outros aplicativos também podem ser configurados para usar o Privoxy.

@ f3873798:24b3f2f3

Você já conheceu alguém que sempre tenta levar vantagem em tudo? Aquele tipo de pessoa que, em vez de buscar crescimento legítimo, prefere explorar os outros para obter benefícios? Infelizmente, essa mentalidade está mais presente do que gostaríamos de admitir.

Ela se manifesta de diversas formas, como:

• Pedir descontos e brindes de maneira abusiva, como se fosse um direito;

• Ameaçar ou constranger vendedores para conseguir preços mais baixos;

• Vender produtos com valores incompatíveis com a qualidade ou omitir defeitos para enganar clientes.

Quem age assim tem uma conduta antiética e, pior, muitas vezes se orgulha disso, como se enganar alguém fosse um sinal de esperteza. Mas será que essa mentalidade realmente leva ao sucesso?

A curto prazo, pode parecer que sim. Alguns até conseguem vantagens temporárias, mas a longo prazo, essa postura cobra seu preço. A reputação se desgasta, as oportunidades diminuem e, inevitavelmente, o comportamento oportunista se volta contra quem o pratica.

No Brasil, essa mentalidade oportunista se tornou quase um traço cultural. Combater isso exige uma mudança de perspectiva e, acima de tudo, uma autoavaliação sincera.

O primeiro passo é reconhecer se, em algum momento, você já adotou esse comportamento. Ser honesto consigo mesmo é fundamental para evoluir.

O segundo passo é entender que essa mentalidade não só é antiética, mas também prejudica seu próprio crescimento. Quem não valoriza o trabalho alheio dificilmente conseguirá que seu próprio trabalho seja valorizado.

Portanto, abandone essa postura de querer sempre "se dar bem" às custas dos outros. Valorize o esforço e o trabalho de quem está oferecendo um produto ou serviço. Se não pode pagar, simplesmente não compre. Faça igual o Lula rsrsrs.

Mas brincadeiras a parte, não exija que os outros arquem com o custo da sua insatisfação.

E esta foi a mensagem de hoje.

Espero que tenha gostado de mais uma leitura aleatória.