@ eac63075:b4988b48

Based on a recent paper that included collaboration from renowned experts such as Lynn Alden, Steve Lee, and Ren Crypto Fish, we discuss in depth how Bitcoin's consensus is built, the main risks, and the complex dynamics of protocol upgrades.

PT-BR version

Podcast https://www.fountain.fm/episode/wbjD6ntQuvX5u2G5BccC

Presentation https://gamma.app/docs/Analyzing-Bitcoin-Consensus-Risks-in-Protocol-Upgrades-p66axxjwaa37ksn

1. Introduction to Consensus in Bitcoin

Consensus in Bitcoin is the foundation that keeps the network secure and functional, allowing users worldwide to perform transactions in a decentralized manner without the need for intermediaries. Since its launch in 2009, Bitcoin is often described as an "immutable" system designed to resist changes, and it is precisely this resistance that ensures its security and stability.

The central idea behind consensus in Bitcoin is to create a set of acceptance rules for blocks and transactions, ensuring that all network participants agree on the transaction history. This prevents "double-spending," where the same bitcoin could be used in two simultaneous transactions, something that would compromise trust in the network.

Evolution of Consensus in Bitcoin

Over the years, consensus in Bitcoin has undergone several adaptations, and the way participants agree on changes remains a delicate process. Unlike traditional systems, where changes can be imposed from the top down, Bitcoin operates in a decentralized model where any significant change needs the support of various groups of stakeholders, including miners, developers, users, and large node operators.

Moreover, the update process is extremely cautious, as hasty changes can compromise the network's security. As a result, the philosophy of "don't fix what isn't broken" prevails, with improvements happening incrementally and only after broad consensus among those involved. This model can make progress seem slow but ensures that Bitcoin remains faithful to the principles of security and decentralization.

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2. Technical Components of Consensus

Bitcoin's consensus is supported by a set of technical rules that determine what is considered a valid transaction and a valid block on the network. These technical aspects ensure that all nodes—the computers that participate in the Bitcoin network—agree on the current state of the blockchain. Below are the main technical components that form the basis of the consensus.

Validation of Blocks and Transactions

The validation of blocks and transactions is the central point of consensus in Bitcoin. A block is only considered valid if it meets certain criteria, such as maximum size, transaction structure, and the solving of the "Proof of Work" problem. The proof of work, required for a block to be included in the blockchain, is a computational process that ensures the block contains significant computational effort—protecting the network against manipulation attempts.

Transactions, in turn, need to follow specific input and output rules. Each transaction includes cryptographic signatures that prove the ownership of the bitcoins sent, as well as validation scripts that verify if the transaction conditions are met. This validation system is essential for network nodes to autonomously confirm that each transaction follows the rules.

Chain Selection

Another fundamental technical issue for Bitcoin's consensus is chain selection, which becomes especially important in cases where multiple versions of the blockchain coexist, such as after a network split (fork). To decide which chain is the "true" one and should be followed, the network adopts the criterion of the highest accumulated proof of work. In other words, the chain with the highest number of valid blocks, built with the greatest computational effort, is chosen by the network as the official one.

This criterion avoids permanent splits because it encourages all nodes to follow the same main chain, reinforcing consensus.

Soft Forks vs. Hard Forks

In the consensus process, protocol changes can happen in two ways: through soft forks or hard forks. These variations affect not only the protocol update but also the implications for network users:

• Soft Forks: These are changes that are backward compatible. Only nodes that adopt the new update will follow the new rules, but old nodes will still recognize the blocks produced with these rules as valid. This compatibility makes soft forks a safer option for updates, as it minimizes the risk of network division.

• Hard Forks: These are updates that are not backward compatible, requiring all nodes to update to the new version or risk being separated from the main chain. Hard forks can result in the creation of a new coin, as occurred with the split between Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash in 2017. While hard forks allow for deeper changes, they also bring significant risks of network fragmentation.

These technical components form the base of Bitcoin's security and resilience, allowing the system to remain functional and immutable without losing the necessary flexibility to evolve over time.

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3. Stakeholders in Bitcoin's Consensus

Consensus in Bitcoin is not decided centrally. On the contrary, it depends on the interaction between different groups of stakeholders, each with their motivations, interests, and levels of influence. These groups play fundamental roles in how changes are implemented or rejected on the network. Below, we explore the six main stakeholders in Bitcoin's consensus.

1. Economic Nodes

Economic nodes, usually operated by exchanges, custody providers, and large companies that accept Bitcoin, exert significant influence over consensus. Because they handle large volumes of transactions and act as a connection point between the Bitcoin ecosystem and the traditional financial system, these nodes have the power to validate or reject blocks and to define which version of the software to follow in case of a fork.

Their influence is proportional to the volume of transactions they handle, and they can directly affect which chain will be seen as the main one. Their incentive is to maintain the network's stability and security to preserve its functionality and meet regulatory requirements.

2. Investors

Investors, including large institutional funds and individual Bitcoin holders, influence consensus indirectly through their impact on the asset's price. Their buying and selling actions can affect Bitcoin's value, which in turn influences the motivation of miners and other stakeholders to continue investing in the network's security and development.

Some institutional investors have agreements with custodians that may limit their ability to act in network split situations. Thus, the impact of each investor on consensus can vary based on their ownership structure and how quickly they can react to a network change.

3. Media Influencers

Media influencers, including journalists, analysts, and popular personalities on social media, have a powerful role in shaping public opinion about Bitcoin and possible updates. These influencers can help educate the public, promote debates, and bring transparency to the consensus process.

On the other hand, the impact of influencers can be double-edged: while they can clarify complex topics, they can also distort perceptions by amplifying or minimizing change proposals. This makes them a force both of support and resistance to consensus.

4. Miners

Miners are responsible for validating transactions and including blocks in the blockchain. Through computational power (hashrate), they also exert significant influence over consensus decisions. In update processes, miners often signal their support for a proposal, indicating that the new version is safe to use. However, this signaling is not always definitive, and miners can change their position if they deem it necessary.

Their incentive is to maximize returns from block rewards and transaction fees, as well as to maintain the value of investments in their specialized equipment, which are only profitable if the network remains stable.

5. Protocol Developers

Protocol developers, often called "Core Developers," are responsible for writing and maintaining Bitcoin's code. Although they do not have direct power over consensus, they possess an informal veto power since they decide which changes are included in the main client (Bitcoin Core). This group also serves as an important source of technical knowledge, helping guide decisions and inform other stakeholders.

Their incentive lies in the continuous improvement of the network, ensuring security and decentralization. Many developers are funded by grants and sponsorships, but their motivations generally include a strong ideological commitment to Bitcoin's principles.

6. Users and Application Developers

This group includes people who use Bitcoin in their daily transactions and developers who build solutions based on the network, such as wallets, exchanges, and payment platforms. Although their power in consensus is less than that of miners or economic nodes, they play an important role because they are responsible for popularizing Bitcoin's use and expanding the ecosystem.

If application developers decide not to adopt an update, this can affect compatibility and widespread acceptance. Thus, they indirectly influence consensus by deciding which version of the protocol to follow in their applications.

These stakeholders are vital to the consensus process, and each group exerts influence according to their involvement, incentives, and ability to act in situations of change. Understanding the role of each makes it clearer how consensus is formed and why it is so difficult to make significant changes to Bitcoin.

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4. Mechanisms for Activating Updates in Bitcoin

For Bitcoin to evolve without compromising security and consensus, different mechanisms for activating updates have been developed over the years. These mechanisms help coordinate changes among network nodes to minimize the risk of fragmentation and ensure that updates are implemented in an orderly manner. Here, we explore some of the main methods used in Bitcoin, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as historical examples of significant updates.

Flag Day

The Flag Day mechanism is one of the simplest forms of activating changes. In it, a specific date or block is determined as the activation moment, and all nodes must be updated by that point. This method does not involve prior signaling; participants simply need to update to the new software version by the established day or block.

• Advantages: Simplicity and predictability are the main benefits of Flag Day, as everyone knows the exact activation date.

• Disadvantages: Inflexibility can be a problem because there is no way to adjust the schedule if a significant part of the network has not updated. This can result in network splits if a significant number of nodes are not ready for the update.

An example of Flag Day was the Pay to Script Hash (P2SH) update in 2012, which required all nodes to adopt the change to avoid compatibility issues.

BIP34 and BIP9

BIP34 introduced a more dynamic process, in which miners increase the version number in block headers to signal the update. When a predetermined percentage of the last blocks is mined with this new version, the update is automatically activated. This model later evolved with BIP9, which allowed multiple updates to be signaled simultaneously through "version bits," each corresponding to a specific change.

• Advantages: Allows the network to activate updates gradually, giving more time for participants to adapt.

• Disadvantages: These methods rely heavily on miner support, which means that if a sufficient number of miners do not signal the update, it can be delayed or not implemented.

BIP9 was used in the activation of SegWit (BIP141) but faced challenges because some miners did not signal their intent to activate, leading to the development of new mechanisms.

User Activated Soft Forks (UASF) and User Resisted Soft Forks (URSF)

To increase the decision-making power of ordinary users, the concept of User Activated Soft Fork (UASF) was introduced, allowing node operators, not just miners, to determine consensus for a change. In this model, nodes set a date to start rejecting blocks that are not in compliance with the new update, forcing miners to adapt or risk having their blocks rejected by the network.

URSF, in turn, is a model where nodes reject blocks that attempt to adopt a specific update, functioning as resistance against proposed changes.

• Advantages: UASF returns decision-making power to node operators, ensuring that changes do not depend solely on miners.

• Disadvantages: Both UASF and URSF can generate network splits, especially in cases of strong opposition among different stakeholders.

An example of UASF was the activation of SegWit in 2017, where users supported activation independently of miner signaling, which ended up forcing its adoption.

BIP8 (LOT=True)

BIP8 is an evolution of BIP9, designed to prevent miners from indefinitely blocking a change desired by the majority of users and developers. BIP8 allows setting a parameter called "lockinontimeout" (LOT) as true, which means that if the update has not been fully signaled by a certain point, it is automatically activated.

• Advantages: Ensures that changes with broad support among users are not blocked by miners who wish to maintain the status quo.

• Disadvantages: Can lead to network splits if miners or other important stakeholders do not support the update.

Although BIP8 with LOT=True has not yet been used in Bitcoin, it is a proposal that can be applied in future updates if necessary.

These activation mechanisms have been essential for Bitcoin's development, allowing updates that keep the network secure and functional. Each method brings its own advantages and challenges, but all share the goal of preserving consensus and network cohesion.

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5. Risks and Considerations in Consensus Updates

Consensus updates in Bitcoin are complex processes that involve not only technical aspects but also political, economic, and social considerations. Due to the network's decentralized nature, each change brings with it a set of risks that need to be carefully assessed. Below, we explore some of the main challenges and future scenarios, as well as the possible impacts on stakeholders.

Network Fragility with Alternative Implementations

One of the main risks associated with consensus updates is the possibility of network fragmentation when there are alternative software implementations. If an update is implemented by a significant group of nodes but rejected by others, a network split (fork) can occur. This creates two competing chains, each with a different version of the transaction history, leading to unpredictable consequences for users and investors.

Such fragmentation weakens Bitcoin because, by dividing hashing power (computing) and coin value, it reduces network security and investor confidence. A notable example of this risk was the fork that gave rise to Bitcoin Cash in 2017 when disagreements over block size resulted in a new chain and a new asset.

Chain Splits and Impact on Stakeholders

Chain splits are a significant risk in update processes, especially in hard forks. During a hard fork, the network is split into two separate chains, each with its own set of rules. This results in the creation of a new coin and leaves users with duplicated assets on both chains. While this may seem advantageous, in the long run, these splits weaken the network and create uncertainties for investors.

Each group of stakeholders reacts differently to a chain split:

• Institutional Investors and ETFs: Face regulatory and compliance challenges because many of these assets are managed under strict regulations. The creation of a new coin requires decisions to be made quickly to avoid potential losses, which may be hampered by regulatory constraints.

• Miners: May be incentivized to shift their computing power to the chain that offers higher profitability, which can weaken one of the networks.

• Economic Nodes: Such as major exchanges and custody providers, have to quickly choose which chain to support, influencing the perceived value of each network.

Such divisions can generate uncertainties and loss of value, especially for institutional investors and those who use Bitcoin as a store of value.

Regulatory Impacts and Institutional Investors

With the growing presence of institutional investors in Bitcoin, consensus changes face new compliance challenges. Bitcoin ETFs, for example, are required to follow strict rules about which assets they can include and how chain split events should be handled. The creation of a new asset or migration to a new chain can complicate these processes, creating pressure for large financial players to quickly choose a chain, affecting the stability of consensus.

Moreover, decisions regarding forks can influence the Bitcoin futures and derivatives market, affecting perception and adoption by new investors. Therefore, the need to avoid splits and maintain cohesion is crucial to attract and preserve the confidence of these investors.

Security Considerations in Soft Forks and Hard Forks

While soft forks are generally preferred in Bitcoin for their backward compatibility, they are not without risks. Soft forks can create different classes of nodes on the network (updated and non-updated), which increases operational complexity and can ultimately weaken consensus cohesion. In a network scenario with fragmentation of node classes, Bitcoin's security can be affected, as some nodes may lose part of the visibility over updated transactions or rules.

In hard forks, the security risk is even more evident because all nodes need to adopt the new update to avoid network division. Experience shows that abrupt changes can create temporary vulnerabilities, in which malicious agents try to exploit the transition to attack the network.

Bounty Claim Risks and Attack Scenarios

Another risk in consensus updates are so-called "bounty claims"—accumulated rewards that can be obtained if an attacker manages to split or deceive a part of the network. In a conflict scenario, a group of miners or nodes could be incentivized to support a new update or create an alternative version of the software to benefit from these rewards.

These risks require stakeholders to carefully assess each update and the potential vulnerabilities it may introduce. The possibility of "bounty claims" adds a layer of complexity to consensus because each interest group may see a financial opportunity in a change that, in the long term, may harm network stability.

The risks discussed above show the complexity of consensus in Bitcoin and the importance of approaching it gradually and deliberately. Updates need to consider not only technical aspects but also economic and social implications, in order to preserve Bitcoin's integrity and maintain trust among stakeholders.

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6. Recommendations for the Consensus Process in Bitcoin

To ensure that protocol changes in Bitcoin are implemented safely and with broad support, it is essential that all stakeholders adopt a careful and coordinated approach. Here are strategic recommendations for evaluating, supporting, or rejecting consensus updates, considering the risks and challenges discussed earlier, along with best practices for successful implementation.

1. Careful Evaluation of Proposal Maturity

Stakeholders should rigorously assess the maturity level of a proposal before supporting its implementation. Updates that are still experimental or lack a robust technical foundation can expose the network to unnecessary risks. Ideally, change proposals should go through an extensive testing phase, have security audits, and receive review and feedback from various developers and experts.

2. Extensive Testing in Secure and Compatible Networks

Before an update is activated on the mainnet, it is essential to test it on networks like testnet and signet, and whenever possible, on other compatible networks that offer a safe and controlled environment to identify potential issues. Testing on networks like Litecoin was fundamental for the safe launch of innovations like SegWit and the Lightning Network, allowing functionalities to be validated on a lower-impact network before being implemented on Bitcoin.

The Liquid Network, developed by Blockstream, also plays an important role as an experimental network for new proposals, such as OP_CAT. By adopting these testing environments, stakeholders can mitigate risks and ensure that the update is reliable and secure before being adopted by the main network.

3. Importance of Stakeholder Engagement

The success of a consensus update strongly depends on the active participation of all stakeholders. This includes economic nodes, miners, protocol developers, investors, and end users. Lack of participation can lead to inadequate decisions or even future network splits, which would compromise Bitcoin's security and stability.

4. Key Questions for Evaluating Consensus Proposals

To assist in decision-making, each group of stakeholders should consider some key questions before supporting a consensus change:

• Does the proposal offer tangible benefits for Bitcoin's security, scalability, or usability?
• Does it maintain backward compatibility or introduce the risk of network split?
• Are the implementation requirements clear and feasible for each group involved?
• Are there clear and aligned incentives for all stakeholder groups to accept the change?

5. Coordination and Timing in Implementations

Timing is crucial. Updates with short activation windows can force a split because not all nodes and miners can update simultaneously. Changes should be planned with ample deadlines to allow all stakeholders to adjust their systems, avoiding surprises that could lead to fragmentation.

Mechanisms like soft forks are generally preferable to hard forks because they allow a smoother transition. Opting for backward-compatible updates when possible facilitates the process and ensures that nodes and miners can adapt without pressure.

6. Continuous Monitoring and Re-evaluation

After an update, it's essential to monitor the network to identify problems or side effects. This continuous process helps ensure cohesion and trust among all participants, keeping Bitcoin as a secure and robust network.

These recommendations, including the use of secure networks for extensive testing, promote a collaborative and secure environment for Bitcoin's consensus process. By adopting a deliberate and strategic approach, stakeholders can preserve Bitcoin's value as a decentralized and censorship-resistant network.

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7. Conclusion

Consensus in Bitcoin is more than a set of rules; it's the foundation that sustains the network as a decentralized, secure, and reliable system. Unlike centralized systems, where decisions can be made quickly, Bitcoin requires a much more deliberate and cooperative approach, where the interests of miners, economic nodes, developers, investors, and users must be considered and harmonized. This governance model may seem slow, but it is fundamental to preserving the resilience and trust that make Bitcoin a global store of value and censorship-resistant.

Consensus updates in Bitcoin must balance the need for innovation with the preservation of the network's core principles. The development process of a proposal needs to be detailed and rigorous, going through several testing stages, such as in testnet, signet, and compatible networks like Litecoin and Liquid Network. These networks offer safe environments for proposals to be analyzed and improved before being launched on the main network.

Each proposed change must be carefully evaluated regarding its maturity, impact, backward compatibility, and support among stakeholders. The recommended key questions and appropriate timing are critical to ensure that an update is adopted without compromising network cohesion. It's also essential that the implementation process is continuously monitored and re-evaluated, allowing adjustments as necessary and minimizing the risk of instability.

By following these guidelines, Bitcoin's stakeholders can ensure that the network continues to evolve safely and robustly, maintaining user trust and further solidifying its role as one of the most resilient and innovative digital assets in the world. Ultimately, consensus in Bitcoin is not just a technical issue but a reflection of its community and the values it represents: security, decentralization, and resilience.

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8. Links

Whitepaper: https://github.com/bitcoin-cap/bcap

Youtube (pt-br): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rARycAibl9o&list=PL-qnhF0qlSPkfhorqsREuIu4UTbF0h4zb

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The future of physical money is at stake, and the discussion about DREX, the new digital currency planned by the Central Bank of Brazil, is gaining momentum. In a candid and intense conversation, Federal Deputy Julia Zanatta (PL/SC) discussed the challenges and risks of this digital transition, also addressing her Bill No. 3,341/2024, which aims to prevent the extinction of physical currency. This bill emerges as a direct response to legislative initiatives seeking to replace physical money with digital alternatives, limiting citizens' options and potentially compromising individual freedom. Let's delve into the main points of this conversation.

https://www.fountain.fm/episode/i5YGJ9Ors3PkqAIMvNQ0

(PT-BR version here)

What is a CBDC?

Before discussing the specifics of DREX, it’s important to understand what a CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) is. CBDCs are digital currencies issued by central banks, similar to a digital version of physical money. Unlike cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, which operate in a decentralized manner, CBDCs are centralized and regulated by the government. In other words, they are digital currencies created and controlled by the Central Bank, intended to replace physical currency.

A prominent feature of CBDCs is their programmability. This means that the government can theoretically set rules about how, where, and for what this currency can be used. This aspect enables a level of control over citizens' finances that is impossible with physical money. By programming the currency, the government could limit transactions by setting geographical or usage restrictions. In practice, money within a CBDC could be restricted to specific spending or authorized for use in a defined geographical area.

In countries like China, where citizen actions and attitudes are also monitored, a person considered to have a "low score" due to a moral or ideological violation may have their transactions limited to essential purchases, restricting their digital currency use to non-essential activities. This financial control is strengthened because, unlike physical money, digital currency cannot be exchanged anonymously.

Practical Example: The Case of DREX During the Pandemic

To illustrate how DREX could be used, an example was given by Eric Altafim, director of Banco Itaú. He suggested that, if DREX had existed during the COVID-19 pandemic, the government could have restricted the currency’s use to a 5-kilometer radius around a person’s residence, limiting their economic mobility. Another proposed use by the executive related to the Bolsa Família welfare program: the government could set up programming that only allows this benefit to be used exclusively for food purchases. Although these examples are presented as control measures for safety or organization, they demonstrate how much a CBDC could restrict citizens' freedom of choice.

To illustrate the potential for state control through a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), such as DREX, it is helpful to look at the example of China. In China, the implementation of a CBDC coincides with the country’s Social Credit System, a governmental surveillance tool that assesses citizens' and companies' behavior. Together, these technologies allow the Chinese government to monitor, reward, and, above all, punish behavior deemed inappropriate or threatening to the government.

How Does China's Social Credit System Work?

Implemented in 2014, China's Social Credit System assigns every citizen and company a "score" based on various factors, including financial behavior, criminal record, social interactions, and even online activities. This score determines the benefits or penalties each individual receives and can affect everything from public transport access to obtaining loans and enrolling in elite schools for their children. Citizens with low scores may face various sanctions, including travel restrictions, fines, and difficulty in securing loans.

With the adoption of the CBDC — or “digital yuan” — the Chinese government now has a new tool to closely monitor citizens' financial transactions, facilitating the application of Social Credit System penalties. China’s CBDC is a programmable digital currency, which means that the government can restrict how, when, and where the money can be spent. Through this level of control, digital currency becomes a powerful mechanism for influencing citizens' behavior.

Imagine, for instance, a citizen who repeatedly posts critical remarks about the government on social media or participates in protests. If the Social Credit System assigns this citizen a low score, the Chinese government could, through the CBDC, restrict their money usage in certain areas or sectors. For example, they could be prevented from buying tickets to travel to other regions, prohibited from purchasing certain consumer goods, or even restricted to making transactions only at stores near their home.

Another example of how the government can use the CBDC to enforce the Social Credit System is by monitoring purchases of products such as alcohol or luxury items. If a citizen uses the CBDC to spend more than the government deems reasonable on such products, this could negatively impact their social score, resulting in additional penalties such as future purchase restrictions or a lowered rating that impacts their personal and professional lives.

In China, this kind of control has already been demonstrated in several cases. Citizens added to Social Credit System “blacklists” have seen their spending and investment capacity severely limited. The combination of digital currency and social scores thus creates a sophisticated and invasive surveillance system, through which the Chinese government controls important aspects of citizens’ financial lives and individual freedoms.

Deputy Julia Zanatta views these examples with great concern. She argues that if the state has full control over digital money, citizens will be exposed to a level of economic control and surveillance never seen before. In a democracy, this control poses a risk, but in an authoritarian regime, it could be used as a powerful tool of repression.

DREX and Bill No. 3,341/2024

Julia Zanatta became aware of a bill by a Workers' Party (PT) deputy (Bill 4068/2020 by Deputy Reginaldo Lopes - PT/MG) that proposes the extinction of physical money within five years, aiming for a complete transition to DREX, the digital currency developed by the Central Bank of Brazil. Concerned about the impact of this measure, Julia drafted her bill, PL No. 3,341/2024, which prohibits the elimination of physical money, ensuring citizens the right to choose physical currency.

“The more I read about DREX, the less I want its implementation,” says the deputy. DREX is a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), similar to other state digital currencies worldwide, but which, according to Julia, carries extreme control risks. She points out that with DREX, the State could closely monitor each citizen’s transactions, eliminating anonymity and potentially restricting freedom of choice. This control would lie in the hands of the Central Bank, which could, in a crisis or government change, “freeze balances or even delete funds directly from user accounts.”

Risks and Individual Freedom

Julia raises concerns about potential abuses of power that complete digitalization could allow. In a democracy, state control over personal finances raises serious questions, and EddieOz warns of an even more problematic future. “Today we are in a democracy, but tomorrow, with a government transition, we don't know if this kind of power will be used properly or abused,” he states. In other words, DREX gives the State the ability to restrict or condition the use of money, opening the door to unprecedented financial surveillance.

EddieOz cites Nigeria as an example, where a CBDC was implemented, and the government imposed severe restrictions on the use of physical money to encourage the use of digital currency, leading to protests and clashes in the country. In practice, the poorest and unbanked — those without regular access to banking services — were harshly affected, as without physical money, many cannot conduct basic transactions. Julia highlights that in Brazil, this situation would be even more severe, given the large number of unbanked individuals and the extent of rural areas where access to technology is limited.

The Relationship Between DREX and Pix

The digital transition has already begun with Pix, which revolutionized instant transfers and payments in Brazil. However, Julia points out that Pix, though popular, is a citizen’s choice, while DREX tends to eliminate that choice. The deputy expresses concern about new rules suggested for Pix, such as daily transaction limits of a thousand reais, justified as anti-fraud measures but which, in her view, represent additional control and a profit opportunity for banks. “How many more rules will banks create to profit from us?” asks Julia, noting that DREX could further enhance control over personal finances.

International Precedents and Resistance to CBDC

The deputy also cites examples from other countries resisting the idea of a centralized digital currency. In the United States, states like New Hampshire have passed laws to prevent the advance of CBDCs, and leaders such as Donald Trump have opposed creating a national digital currency. Trump, addressing the topic, uses a justification similar to Julia’s: in a digitalized system, “with one click, your money could disappear.” She agrees with the warning, emphasizing the control risk that a CBDC represents, especially for countries with disadvantaged populations.

Besides the United States, Canada, Colombia, and Australia have also suspended studies on digital currencies, citing the need for further discussions on population impacts. However, in Brazil, the debate on DREX is still limited, with few parliamentarians and political leaders openly discussing the topic. According to Julia, only she and one or two deputies are truly trying to bring this discussion to the Chamber, making DREX’s advance even more concerning.

Bill No. 3,341/2024 and Popular Pressure

For Julia, her bill is a first step. Although she acknowledges that ideally, it would prevent DREX's implementation entirely, PL 3341/2024 is a measure to ensure citizens' choice to use physical money, preserving a form of individual freedom. “If the future means control, I prefer to live in the past,” Julia asserts, reinforcing that the fight for freedom is at the heart of her bill.

However, the deputy emphasizes that none of this will be possible without popular mobilization. According to her, popular pressure is crucial for other deputies to take notice and support PL 3341. “I am only one deputy, and we need the public’s support to raise the project’s visibility,” she explains, encouraging the public to press other parliamentarians and ask them to “pay attention to PL 3341 and the project that prohibits the end of physical money.” The deputy believes that with a strong awareness and pressure movement, it is possible to advance the debate and ensure Brazilians’ financial freedom.

What’s at Stake?

Julia Zanatta leaves no doubt: DREX represents a profound shift in how money will be used and controlled in Brazil. More than a simple modernization of the financial system, the Central Bank’s CBDC sets precedents for an unprecedented level of citizen surveillance and control in the country. For the deputy, this transition needs to be debated broadly and transparently, and it’s up to the Brazilian people to defend their rights and demand that the National Congress discuss these changes responsibly.

The deputy also emphasizes that, regardless of political or partisan views, this issue affects all Brazilians. “This agenda is something that will affect everyone. We need to be united to ensure people understand the gravity of what could happen.” Julia believes that by sharing information and generating open debate, it is possible to prevent Brazil from following the path of countries that have already implemented a digital currency in an authoritarian way.

A Call to Action

The future of physical money in Brazil is at risk. For those who share Deputy Julia Zanatta’s concerns, the time to act is now. Mobilize, get informed, and press your representatives. PL 3341/2024 is an opportunity to ensure that Brazilian citizens have a choice in how to use their money, without excessive state interference or surveillance.

In the end, as the deputy puts it, the central issue is freedom. “My fear is that this project will pass, and people won’t even understand what is happening.” Therefore, may every citizen at least have the chance to understand what’s at stake and make their voice heard in defense of a Brazil where individual freedom and privacy are respected values.

@ eac63075:b4988b48

Imagine sending a private message to a friend, only to learn that authorities could be scanning its contents without your knowledge. This isn't a scene from a dystopian novel but a potential reality under the European Union's proposed "Chat Control" measures. Aimed at combating serious crimes like child exploitation and terrorism, these proposals could significantly impact the privacy of everyday internet users. As encrypted messaging services become the norm for personal and professional communication, understanding Chat Control is essential. This article delves into what Chat Control entails, why it's being considered, and how it could affect your right to private communication.

https://www.fountain.fm/episode/coOFsst7r7mO1EP1kSzV

https://open.spotify.com/episode/0IZ6kMExfxFm4FHg5DAWT8?si=e139033865e045de

Sections:

• Introduction
• What Is Chat Control?
• Why Is the EU Pushing for Chat Control?
• The Privacy Concerns and Risks
• The Technical Debate: Encryption and Backdoors
• Global Reactions and the Debate in Europe
• Possible Consequences for Messaging Services
• What Happens Next? The Future of Chat Control
• Conclusion

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What Is Chat Control?

"Chat Control" refers to a set of proposed measures by the European Union aimed at monitoring and scanning private communications on messaging platforms. The primary goal is to detect and prevent the spread of illegal content, such as child sexual abuse material (CSAM) and to combat terrorism. While the intention is to enhance security and protect vulnerable populations, these proposals have raised significant privacy concerns.

At its core, Chat Control would require messaging services to implement automated scanning technologies that can analyze the content of messages—even those that are end-to-end encrypted. This means that the private messages you send to friends, family, or colleagues could be subject to inspection by algorithms designed to detect prohibited content.

Origins of the Proposal

The initiative for Chat Control emerged from the EU's desire to strengthen its digital security infrastructure. High-profile cases of online abuse and the use of encrypted platforms by criminal organizations have prompted lawmakers to consider more invasive surveillance tactics. The European Commission has been exploring legislation that would make it mandatory for service providers to monitor communications on their platforms.

How Messaging Services Work

Most modern messaging apps, like Signal, Session, SimpleX, Veilid, Protonmail and Tutanota (among others), use end-to-end encryption (E2EE). This encryption ensures that only the sender and the recipient can read the messages being exchanged. Not even the service providers can access the content. This level of security is crucial for maintaining privacy in digital communications, protecting users from hackers, identity thieves, and other malicious actors.

Key Elements of Chat Control

• Automated Content Scanning: Service providers would use algorithms to scan messages for illegal content.
• Circumvention of Encryption: To scan encrypted messages, providers might need to alter their encryption methods, potentially weakening security.
• Mandatory Reporting: If illegal content is detected, providers would be required to report it to authorities.
• Broad Applicability: The measures could apply to all messaging services operating within the EU, affecting both European companies and international platforms.

Why It Matters

Understanding Chat Control is essential because it represents a significant shift in how digital privacy is handled. While combating illegal activities online is crucial, the methods proposed could set a precedent for mass surveillance and the erosion of privacy rights. Everyday users who rely on encrypted messaging for personal and professional communication might find their conversations are no longer as private as they once thought.

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Why Is the EU Pushing for Chat Control?

The European Union's push for Chat Control stems from a pressing concern to protect its citizens, particularly children, from online exploitation and criminal activities. With the digital landscape becoming increasingly integral to daily life, the EU aims to strengthen its ability to combat serious crimes facilitated through online platforms.

Protecting Children and Preventing Crime

One of the primary motivations behind Chat Control is the prevention of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) circulating on the internet. Law enforcement agencies have reported a significant increase in the sharing of illegal content through private messaging services. By implementing Chat Control, the EU believes it can more effectively identify and stop perpetrators, rescue victims, and deter future crimes.

Terrorism is another critical concern. Encrypted messaging apps can be used by terrorist groups to plan and coordinate attacks without detection. The EU argues that accessing these communications could be vital in preventing such threats and ensuring public safety.

Legal Context and Legislative Drivers

The push for Chat Control is rooted in several legislative initiatives:

• ePrivacy Directive: This directive regulates the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in electronic communications. The EU is considering amendments that would allow for the scanning of private messages under specific circumstances.

• Temporary Derogation: In 2021, the EU adopted a temporary regulation permitting voluntary detection of CSAM by communication services. The current proposals aim to make such measures mandatory and more comprehensive.

• Regulation Proposals: The European Commission has proposed regulations that would require service providers to detect, report, and remove illegal content proactively. This would include the use of technologies to scan private communications.

Balancing Security and Privacy

EU officials argue that the proposed measures are a necessary response to evolving digital threats. They emphasize the importance of staying ahead of criminals who exploit technology to harm others. By implementing Chat Control, they believe law enforcement can be more effective without entirely dismantling privacy protections.

However, the EU also acknowledges the need to balance security with fundamental rights. The proposals include provisions intended to limit the scope of surveillance, such as:

• Targeted Scanning: Focusing on specific threats rather than broad, indiscriminate monitoring.

• Judicial Oversight: Requiring court orders or oversight for accessing private communications.

• Data Protection Safeguards: Implementing measures to ensure that data collected is handled securely and deleted when no longer needed.

The Urgency Behind the Push

High-profile cases of online abuse and terrorism have heightened the sense of urgency among EU policymakers. Reports of increasing online grooming and the widespread distribution of illegal content have prompted calls for immediate action. The EU posits that without measures like Chat Control, these problems will continue to escalate unchecked.

Criticism and Controversy

Despite the stated intentions, the push for Chat Control has been met with significant criticism. Opponents argue that the measures could be ineffective against savvy criminals who can find alternative ways to communicate. There is also concern that such surveillance could be misused or extended beyond its original purpose.

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The Privacy Concerns and Risks

While the intentions behind Chat Control focus on enhancing security and protecting vulnerable groups, the proposed measures raise significant privacy concerns. Critics argue that implementing such surveillance could infringe on fundamental rights and set a dangerous precedent for mass monitoring of private communications.

Infringement on Privacy Rights

At the heart of the debate is the right to privacy. By scanning private messages, even with automated tools, the confidentiality of personal communications is compromised. Users may no longer feel secure sharing sensitive information, fearing that their messages could be intercepted or misinterpreted by algorithms.

Erosion of End-to-End Encryption

End-to-end encryption (E2EE) is a cornerstone of digital security, ensuring that only the sender and recipient can read the messages exchanged. Chat Control could necessitate the introduction of "backdoors" or weaken encryption protocols, making it easier for unauthorized parties to access private data. This not only affects individual privacy but also exposes communications to potential cyber threats.

Concerns from Privacy Advocates

Organizations like Signal and Tutanota, which offer encrypted messaging services, have voiced strong opposition to Chat Control. They warn that undermining encryption could have far-reaching consequences:

• Security Risks: Weakening encryption makes systems more vulnerable to hacking, espionage, and cybercrime.
• Global Implications: Changes in EU regulations could influence policies worldwide, leading to a broader erosion of digital privacy.
• Ineffectiveness Against Crime: Determined criminals might resort to other, less detectable means of communication, rendering the measures ineffective while still compromising the privacy of law-abiding citizens.

Potential for Government Overreach

There is a fear that Chat Control could lead to increased surveillance beyond its original scope. Once the infrastructure for scanning private messages is in place, it could be repurposed or expanded to monitor other types of content, stifling free expression and dissent.

Real-World Implications for Users

• False Positives: Automated scanning technologies are not infallible and could mistakenly flag innocent content, leading to unwarranted scrutiny or legal consequences for users.
• Chilling Effect: Knowing that messages could be monitored might discourage people from expressing themselves freely, impacting personal relationships and societal discourse.
• Data Misuse: Collected data could be vulnerable to leaks or misuse, compromising personal and sensitive information.

Legal and Ethical Concerns

Privacy advocates also highlight potential conflicts with existing laws and ethical standards:

• Violation of Fundamental Rights: The European Convention on Human Rights and other international agreements protect the right to privacy and freedom of expression.
• Questionable Effectiveness: The ethical justification for such invasive measures is challenged if they do not significantly improve safety or if they disproportionately impact innocent users.

Opposition from Member States and Organizations

Countries like Germany and organizations such as the European Digital Rights (EDRi) have expressed opposition to Chat Control. They emphasize the need to protect digital privacy and caution against hasty legislation that could have unintended consequences.

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The Technical Debate: Encryption and Backdoors

The discussion around Chat Control inevitably leads to a complex technical debate centered on encryption and the potential introduction of backdoors into secure communication systems. Understanding these concepts is crucial to grasping the full implications of the proposed measures.

What Is End-to-End Encryption (E2EE)?

End-to-end encryption is a method of secure communication that prevents third parties from accessing data while it's transferred from one end system to another. In simpler terms, only the sender and the recipient can read the messages. Even the service providers operating the messaging platforms cannot decrypt the content.

• Security Assurance: E2EE ensures that sensitive information—be it personal messages, financial details, or confidential business communications—remains private.
• Widespread Use: Popular messaging apps like Signal, Session, SimpleX, Veilid, Protonmail and Tutanota (among others) rely on E2EE to protect user data.

How Chat Control Affects Encryption

Implementing Chat Control as proposed would require messaging services to scan the content of messages for illegal material. To do this on encrypted platforms, providers might have to:

• Introduce Backdoors: Create a means for third parties (including the service provider or authorities) to access encrypted messages.
• Client-Side Scanning: Install software on users' devices that scans messages before they are encrypted and sent, effectively bypassing E2EE.

The Risks of Weakening Encryption

1. Compromised Security for All Users

Introducing backdoors or client-side scanning tools can create vulnerabilities:

• Exploitable Gaps: If a backdoor exists, malicious actors might find and exploit it, leading to data breaches.
• Universal Impact: Weakening encryption doesn't just affect targeted individuals; it potentially exposes all users to increased risk.

2. Undermining Trust in Digital Services

• User Confidence: Knowing that private communications could be accessed might deter people from using digital services or push them toward unregulated platforms.
• Business Implications: Companies relying on secure communications might face increased risks, affecting economic activities.

3. Ineffectiveness Against Skilled Adversaries

• Alternative Methods: Criminals might shift to other encrypted channels or develop new ways to avoid detection.
• False Sense of Security: Weakening encryption could give the impression of increased safety while adversaries adapt and continue their activities undetected.

Signal’s Response and Stance

Signal, a leading encrypted messaging service, has been vocal in its opposition to the EU's proposals:

• Refusal to Weaken Encryption: Signal's CEO Meredith Whittaker has stated that the company would rather cease operations in the EU than compromise its encryption standards.
• Advocacy for Privacy: Signal emphasizes that strong encryption is essential for protecting human rights and freedoms in the digital age.

Understanding Backdoors

A "backdoor" in encryption is an intentional weakness inserted into a system to allow authorized access to encrypted data. While intended for legitimate use by authorities, backdoors pose several problems:

• Security Vulnerabilities: They can be discovered and exploited by unauthorized parties, including hackers and foreign governments.
• Ethical Concerns: The existence of backdoors raises questions about consent and the extent to which governments should be able to access private communications.

The Slippery Slope Argument

Privacy advocates warn that introducing backdoors or mandatory scanning sets a precedent:

• Expanded Surveillance: Once in place, these measures could be extended to monitor other types of content beyond the original scope.
• Erosion of Rights: Gradual acceptance of surveillance can lead to a significant reduction in personal freedoms over time.

Potential Technological Alternatives

Some suggest that it's possible to fight illegal content without undermining encryption:

• Metadata Analysis: Focusing on patterns of communication rather than content.
• Enhanced Reporting Mechanisms: Encouraging users to report illegal content voluntarily.
• Investing in Law Enforcement Capabilities: Strengthening traditional investigative methods without compromising digital security.

The technical community largely agrees that weakening encryption is not the solution:

• Consensus on Security: Strong encryption is essential for the safety and privacy of all internet users.
• Call for Dialogue: Technologists and privacy experts advocate for collaborative approaches that address security concerns without sacrificing fundamental rights.

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Global Reactions and the Debate in Europe

The proposal for Chat Control has ignited a heated debate across Europe and beyond, with various stakeholders weighing in on the potential implications for privacy, security, and fundamental rights. The reactions are mixed, reflecting differing national perspectives, political priorities, and societal values.

Support for Chat Control

Some EU member states and officials support the initiative, emphasizing the need for robust measures to combat online crime and protect citizens, especially children. They argue that:

• Enhanced Security: Mandatory scanning can help law enforcement agencies detect and prevent serious crimes.
• Responsibility of Service Providers: Companies offering communication services should play an active role in preventing their platforms from being used for illegal activities.
• Public Safety Priorities: The protection of vulnerable populations justifies the implementation of such measures, even if it means compromising some aspects of privacy.

Opposition within the EU

Several countries and organizations have voiced strong opposition to Chat Control, citing concerns over privacy rights and the potential for government overreach.

Germany

• Stance: Germany has been one of the most vocal opponents of the proposed measures.
• Reasons:
• Constitutional Concerns: The German government argues that Chat Control could violate constitutional protections of privacy and confidentiality of communications.
• Security Risks: Weakening encryption is seen as a threat to cybersecurity.
• Legal Challenges: Potential conflicts with national laws protecting personal data and communication secrecy.

Netherlands

• Recent Developments: The Dutch government decided against supporting Chat Control, emphasizing the importance of encryption for security and privacy.
• Arguments:
• Effectiveness Doubts: Skepticism about the actual effectiveness of the measures in combating crime.
• Negative Impact on Privacy: Concerns about mass surveillance and the infringement of citizens' rights.

Table reference: Patrick Breyer - Chat Control in 23 September 2024

Privacy Advocacy Groups

European Digital Rights (EDRi)

• Role: A network of civil and human rights organizations working to defend rights and freedoms in the digital environment.
• Position:
• Strong Opposition: EDRi argues that Chat Control is incompatible with fundamental rights.
• Awareness Campaigns: Engaging in public campaigns to inform citizens about the potential risks.
• Policy Engagement: Lobbying policymakers to consider alternative approaches that respect privacy.

Politicians and Activists

Patrick Breyer

• Background: A Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany, representing the Pirate Party.
• Actions:
• Advocacy: Actively campaigning against Chat Control through speeches, articles, and legislative efforts.
• Public Outreach: Using social media and public events to raise awareness.
• Legal Expertise: Highlighting the legal inconsistencies and potential violations of EU law.

Global Reactions

International Organizations

• Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International: These organizations have expressed concerns about the implications for human rights, urging the EU to reconsider.

Technology Companies

• Global Tech Firms: Companies like Apple and Microsoft are monitoring the situation, as EU regulations could affect their operations and user trust.
• Industry Associations: Groups representing tech companies have issued statements highlighting the risks to innovation and competitiveness.

The Broader Debate

The controversy over Chat Control reflects a broader struggle between security interests and privacy rights in the digital age. Key points in the debate include:

• Legal Precedents: How the EU's decision might influence laws and regulations in other countries.
• Digital Sovereignty: The desire of nations to control digital spaces within their borders.
• Civil Liberties: The importance of protecting freedoms in the face of technological advancements.

Public Opinion

• Diverse Views: Surveys and public forums show a range of opinions, with some citizens prioritizing security and others valuing privacy above all.
• Awareness Levels: Many people are still unaware of the potential changes, highlighting the need for public education on the issue.

The EU is at a crossroads, facing the challenge of addressing legitimate security concerns without undermining the fundamental rights that are central to its values. The outcome of this debate will have significant implications for the future of digital privacy and the balance between security and freedom in society.

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Possible Consequences for Messaging Services

The implementation of Chat Control could have significant implications for messaging services operating within the European Union. Both large platforms and smaller providers might need to adapt their technologies and policies to comply with the new regulations, potentially altering the landscape of digital communication.

Impact on Encrypted Messaging Services

Signal and Similar Platforms

• Compliance Challenges: Encrypted messaging services like Signal rely on end-to-end encryption to secure user communications. Complying with Chat Control could force them to weaken their encryption protocols or implement client-side scanning, conflicting with their core privacy principles.

• Operational Decisions: Some platforms may choose to limit their services in the EU or cease operations altogether rather than compromise on encryption. Signal, for instance, has indicated that it would prefer to withdraw from European markets than undermine its security features.

Potential Blocking or Limiting of Services

• Regulatory Enforcement: Messaging services that do not comply with Chat Control regulations could face fines, legal action, or even be blocked within the EU.

• Access Restrictions: Users in Europe might find certain services unavailable or limited in functionality if providers decide not to meet the regulatory requirements.

Effects on Smaller Providers

• Resource Constraints: Smaller messaging services and startups may lack the resources to implement the required scanning technologies, leading to increased operational costs or forcing them out of the market.

• Innovation Stifling: The added regulatory burden could deter new entrants, reducing competition and innovation in the messaging service sector.

User Experience and Trust

• Privacy Concerns: Users may lose trust in messaging platforms if they know their communications are subject to scanning, leading to a decline in user engagement.

• Migration to Unregulated Platforms: There is a risk that users might shift to less secure or unregulated services, including those operated outside the EU or on the dark web, potentially exposing them to greater risks.

Technical and Security Implications

• Increased Vulnerabilities: Modifying encryption protocols to comply with Chat Control could introduce security flaws, making platforms more susceptible to hacking and data breaches.

• Global Security Risks: Changes made to accommodate EU regulations might affect the global user base of these services, extending security risks beyond European borders.

Impact on Businesses and Professional Communications

• Confidentiality Issues: Businesses that rely on secure messaging for sensitive communications may face challenges in ensuring confidentiality, affecting sectors like finance, healthcare, and legal services.

• Compliance Complexity: Companies operating internationally will need to navigate a complex landscape of differing regulations, increasing administrative burdens.

Economic Consequences

• Market Fragmentation: Divergent regulations could lead to a fragmented market, with different versions of services for different regions.

• Loss of Revenue: Messaging services might experience reduced revenue due to decreased user trust and engagement or the costs associated with compliance.

Responses from Service Providers

• Legal Challenges: Companies might pursue legal action against the regulations, citing conflicts with privacy laws and user rights.

• Policy Advocacy: Service providers may increase lobbying efforts to influence policy decisions and promote alternatives to Chat Control.

Possible Adaptations

• Technological Innovation: Some providers might invest in developing new technologies that can detect illegal content without compromising encryption, though the feasibility remains uncertain.

• Transparency Measures: To maintain user trust, companies might enhance transparency about how data is handled and what measures are in place to protect privacy.

The potential consequences of Chat Control for messaging services are profound, affecting not only the companies that provide these services but also the users who rely on them daily. The balance between complying with legal requirements and maintaining user privacy and security presents a significant challenge that could reshape the digital communication landscape.

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What Happens Next? The Future of Chat Control

The future of Chat Control remains uncertain as the debate continues among EU member states, policymakers, technology companies, and civil society organizations. Several factors will influence the outcome of this contentious proposal, each carrying significant implications for digital privacy, security, and the regulatory environment within the European Union.

Current Status of Legislation

• Ongoing Negotiations: The proposed Chat Control measures are still under discussion within the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. Amendments and revisions are being considered in response to the feedback from various stakeholders.

• Timeline: While there is no fixed date for the final decision, the EU aims to reach a consensus to implement effective measures against online crime without undue delay.

Key Influencing Factors

1. Legal Challenges and Compliance with EU Law

• Fundamental Rights Assessment: The proposals must be evaluated against the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, ensuring that any measures comply with rights to privacy, data protection, and freedom of expression.

• Court Scrutiny: Potential legal challenges could arise, leading to scrutiny by the European Court of Justice (ECJ), which may impact the feasibility and legality of Chat Control.

2. Technological Feasibility

• Development of Privacy-Preserving Technologies: Research into methods that can detect illegal content without compromising encryption is ongoing. Advances in this area could provide alternative solutions acceptable to both privacy advocates and security agencies.

• Implementation Challenges: The practical aspects of deploying scanning technologies across various platforms and services remain complex, and technical hurdles could delay or alter the proposed measures.

3. Political Dynamics

• Member State Positions: The differing stances of EU countries, such as Germany's opposition, play a significant role in shaping the final outcome. Consensus among member states is crucial for adopting EU-wide regulations.

• Public Opinion and Advocacy: Growing awareness and activism around digital privacy can influence policymakers. Public campaigns and lobbying efforts may sway decisions in favor of stronger privacy protections.

4. Industry Responses

• Negotiations with Service Providers: Ongoing dialogues between EU authorities and technology companies may lead to compromises or collaborative efforts to address concerns without fully implementing Chat Control as initially proposed.

• Potential for Self-Regulation: Messaging services might propose self-regulatory measures to combat illegal content, aiming to demonstrate effectiveness without the need for mandatory scanning.

Possible Scenarios

Optimistic Outcome:

• Balanced Regulation: A revised proposal emerges that effectively addresses security concerns while upholding strong encryption and privacy rights, possibly through innovative technologies or targeted measures with robust oversight.

Pessimistic Outcome:

• Adoption of Strict Measures: Chat Control is implemented as initially proposed, leading to weakened encryption, reduced privacy, and potential withdrawal of services like Signal from the EU market.

Middle Ground:

• Incremental Implementation: Partial measures are adopted, focusing on voluntary cooperation with service providers and emphasizing transparency and user consent, with ongoing evaluations to assess effectiveness and impact.

How to Stay Informed and Protect Your Privacy

• Follow Reputable Sources: Keep up with news from reliable outlets, official EU communications, and statements from privacy organizations to stay informed about developments.

• Engage in the Dialogue: Participate in public consultations, sign petitions, or contact representatives to express your views on Chat Control and digital privacy.

• Utilize Secure Practices: Regardless of legislative outcomes, adopting good digital hygiene—such as using strong passwords and being cautious with personal information—can enhance your online security.

The Global Perspective

• International Implications: The EU's decision may influence global policies on encryption and surveillance, setting precedents that other countries might follow or react against.

• Collaboration Opportunities: International cooperation on developing solutions that protect both security and privacy could emerge, fostering a more unified approach to addressing online threats.

Looking Ahead

The future of Chat Control is a critical issue that underscores the challenges of governing in the digital age. Balancing the need for security with the protection of fundamental rights is a complex task that requires careful consideration, open dialogue, and collaboration among all stakeholders.

As the situation evolves, staying informed and engaged is essential. The decisions made in the coming months will shape the digital landscape for years to come, affecting how we communicate, conduct business, and exercise our rights in an increasingly connected world.

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Conclusion

The debate over Chat Control highlights a fundamental challenge in our increasingly digital world: how to protect society from genuine threats without eroding the very rights and freedoms that define it. While the intention to safeguard children and prevent crime is undeniably important, the means of achieving this through intrusive surveillance measures raise critical concerns.

Privacy is not just a personal preference but a cornerstone of democratic societies. End-to-end encryption has become an essential tool for ensuring that our personal conversations, professional communications, and sensitive data remain secure from unwanted intrusion. Weakening these protections could expose individuals and organizations to risks that far outweigh the proposed benefits.

The potential consequences of implementing Chat Control are far-reaching:

• Erosion of Trust: Users may lose confidence in digital platforms, impacting how we communicate and conduct business online.
• Security Vulnerabilities: Introducing backdoors or weakening encryption can make systems more susceptible to cyberattacks.
• Stifling Innovation: Regulatory burdens may hinder technological advancement and competitiveness in the tech industry.
• Global Implications: The EU's decisions could set precedents that influence digital policies worldwide, for better or worse.

As citizens, it's crucial to stay informed about these developments. Engage in conversations, reach out to your representatives, and advocate for solutions that respect both security needs and fundamental rights. Technology and policy can evolve together to address challenges without compromising core values.

The future of Chat Control is not yet decided, and public input can make a significant difference. By promoting open dialogue, supporting privacy-preserving innovations, and emphasizing the importance of human rights in legislation, we can work towards a digital landscape that is both safe and free.

In a world where digital communication is integral to daily life, striking the right balance between security and privacy is more important than ever. The choices made today will shape the digital environment for generations to come, determining not just how we communicate, but how we live and interact in an interconnected world.

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Thank you for reading this article. We hope it has provided you with a clear understanding of Chat Control and its potential impact on your privacy and digital rights. Stay informed, stay engaged, and let's work together towards a secure and open digital future.

Read more:

• https://www.patrick-breyer.de/en/posts/chat-control/
• https://www.patrick-breyer.de/en/new-eu-push-for-chat-control-will-messenger-services-be-blocked-in-europe/
• https://edri.org/our-work/dutch-decision-puts-brakes-on-chat-control/
• https://signal.org/blog/pdfs/ndss-keynote.pdf
• https://tuta.com/blog/germany-stop-chat-control
• https://cointelegraph.com/news/signal-president-slams-revised-eu-encryption-proposal
• https://mullvad.net/en/why-privacy-matters

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

O que é Cwtch? Cwtch (/kʊtʃ/ - uma palavra galesa que pode ser traduzida aproximadamente como “um abraço que cria um lugar seguro”) é um protocolo de mensagens multipartidário descentralizado, que preserva a privacidade, que pode ser usado para construir aplicativos resistentes a metadados.

Como posso pronunciar Cwtch? Como "kutch", para rimar com "butch".

Descentralizado e Aberto : Não existe “serviço Cwtch” ou “rede Cwtch”. Os participantes do Cwtch podem hospedar seus próprios espaços seguros ou emprestar sua infraestrutura para outras pessoas que buscam um espaço seguro. O protocolo Cwtch é aberto e qualquer pessoa é livre para criar bots, serviços e interfaces de usuário e integrar e interagir com o Cwtch.

Preservação de privacidade : toda a comunicação no Cwtch é criptografada de ponta a ponta e ocorre nos serviços cebola Tor v3.

Resistente a metadados : O Cwtch foi projetado de forma que nenhuma informação seja trocada ou disponibilizada a ninguém sem seu consentimento explícito, incluindo mensagens durante a transmissão e metadados de protocolo

Uma breve história do bate-papo resistente a metadados Nos últimos anos, a conscientização pública sobre a necessidade e os benefícios das soluções criptografadas de ponta a ponta aumentou com aplicativos como Signal , Whatsapp e Wire. que agora fornecem aos usuários comunicações seguras.

No entanto, essas ferramentas exigem vários níveis de exposição de metadados para funcionar, e muitos desses metadados podem ser usados ​​para obter detalhes sobre como e por que uma pessoa está usando uma ferramenta para se comunicar.

Uma ferramenta que buscou reduzir metadados é o Ricochet lançado pela primeira vez em 2014. Ricochet usou os serviços cebola Tor v2 para fornecer comunicação criptografada segura de ponta a ponta e para proteger os metadados das comunicações.

Não havia servidores centralizados que auxiliassem no roteamento das conversas do Ricochet. Ninguém além das partes envolvidas em uma conversa poderia saber que tal conversa está ocorrendo.

Ricochet tinha limitações; não havia suporte para vários dispositivos, nem existe um mecanismo para suportar a comunicação em grupo ou para um usuário enviar mensagens enquanto um contato está offline.

Isto tornou a adoção do Ricochet uma proposta difícil; mesmo aqueles em ambientes que seriam melhor atendidos pela resistência aos metadados, sem saber que ela existe.

Além disso, qualquer solução para comunicação descentralizada e resistente a metadados enfrenta problemas fundamentais quando se trata de eficiência, privacidade e segurança de grupo conforme definido pelo consenso e consistência da transcrição.

Alternativas modernas ao Ricochet incluem Briar , Zbay e Ricochet Refresh - cada ferramenta procura otimizar para um conjunto diferente de compensações, por exemplo, Briar procura permitir que as pessoas se comuniquem mesmo quando a infraestrutura de rede subjacente está inoperante, ao mesmo tempo que fornece resistência à vigilância de metadados.

O projeto Cwtch começou em 2017 como um protocolo de extensão para Ricochet, fornecendo conversas em grupo por meio de servidores não confiáveis, com o objetivo de permitir aplicativos descentralizados e resistentes a metadados como listas compartilhadas e quadros de avisos.

Uma versão alfa do Cwtch foi lançada em fevereiro de 2019 e, desde então, a equipe do Cwtch dirigida pela OPEN PRIVACY RESEARCH SOCIETY conduziu pesquisa e desenvolvimento em cwtch e nos protocolos, bibliotecas e espaços de problemas subjacentes.

Modelo de Risco.

Sabe-se que os metadados de comunicações são explorados por vários adversários para minar a segurança dos sistemas, para rastrear vítimas e para realizar análises de redes sociais em grande escala para alimentar a vigilância em massa. As ferramentas resistentes a metadados estão em sua infância e faltam pesquisas sobre a construção e a experiência do usuário de tais ferramentas.

https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_9475702740746681051707662826.webp

O Cwtch foi originalmente concebido como uma extensão do protocolo Ricochet resistente a metadados para suportar comunicações assíncronas de grupos multiponto por meio do uso de infraestrutura anônima, descartável e não confiável.

Desde então, o Cwtch evoluiu para um protocolo próprio. Esta seção descreverá os vários riscos conhecidos que o Cwtch tenta mitigar e será fortemente referenciado no restante do documento ao discutir os vários subcomponentes da Arquitetura Cwtch.

Modelo de ameaça.

É importante identificar e compreender que os metadados são omnipresentes nos protocolos de comunicação; é de facto necessário que tais protocolos funcionem de forma eficiente e em escala. No entanto, as informações que são úteis para facilitar peers e servidores também são altamente relevantes para adversários que desejam explorar tais informações.

Para a definição do nosso problema, assumiremos que o conteúdo de uma comunicação é criptografado de tal forma que um adversário é praticamente incapaz de quebrá-lo veja tapir e cwtch para detalhes sobre a criptografia que usamos, e como tal nos concentraremos em o contexto para os metadados de comunicação.

Procuramos proteger os seguintes contextos de comunicação:

• Quem está envolvido em uma comunicação? Pode ser possível identificar pessoas ou simplesmente identificadores de dispositivos ou redes. Por exemplo, “esta comunicação envolve Alice, uma jornalista, e Bob, um funcionário público”.

• Onde estão os participantes da conversa? Por exemplo, “durante esta comunicação, Alice estava na França e Bob estava no Canadá”.

• Quando ocorreu uma conversa? O momento e a duração da comunicação podem revelar muito sobre a natureza de uma chamada, por exemplo, “Bob, um funcionário público, conversou com Alice ao telefone por uma hora ontem à noite. Esta é a primeira vez que eles se comunicam.” *Como a conversa foi mediada? O fato de uma conversa ter ocorrido por meio de um e-mail criptografado ou não criptografado pode fornecer informações úteis. Por exemplo, “Alice enviou um e-mail criptografado para Bob ontem, enquanto eles normalmente enviam apenas e-mails de texto simples um para o outro”.

• Sobre o que é a conversa? Mesmo que o conteúdo da comunicação seja criptografado, às vezes é possível derivar um contexto provável de uma conversa sem saber exatamente o que é dito, por exemplo, “uma pessoa ligou para uma pizzaria na hora do jantar” ou “alguém ligou para um número conhecido de linha direta de suicídio na hora do jantar”. 3 horas da manhã."

Além das conversas individuais, também procuramos defender-nos contra ataques de correlação de contexto, através dos quais múltiplas conversas são analisadas para obter informações de nível superior:

• Relacionamentos: Descobrir relações sociais entre um par de entidades analisando a frequência e a duração de suas comunicações durante um período de tempo. Por exemplo, Carol e Eve ligam uma para a outra todos os dias durante várias horas seguidas.

• Cliques: Descobrir relações sociais entre um grupo de entidades que interagem entre si. Por exemplo, Alice, Bob e Eva se comunicam entre si.

• Grupos vagamente conectados e indivíduos-ponte: descobrir grupos que se comunicam entre si através de intermediários, analisando cadeias de comunicação (por exemplo, toda vez que Alice fala com Bob, ela fala com Carol quase imediatamente depois; Bob e Carol nunca se comunicam).

• Padrão de Vida: Descobrir quais comunicações são cíclicas e previsíveis. Por exemplo, Alice liga para Eve toda segunda-feira à noite por cerca de uma hora. Ataques Ativos

Ataques de deturpação.

O Cwtch não fornece registro global de nomes de exibição e, como tal, as pessoas que usam o Cwtch são mais vulneráveis ​​a ataques baseados em declarações falsas, ou seja, pessoas que fingem ser outras pessoas:

O fluxo básico de um desses ataques é o seguinte, embora também existam outros fluxos:

•Alice tem um amigo chamado Bob e outro chamado Eve

• Eve descobre que Alice tem um amigo chamado Bob

• Eve cria milhares de novas contas para encontrar uma que tenha uma imagem/chave pública semelhante à de Bob (não será idêntica, mas pode enganar alguém por alguns minutos)

• Eve chama essa nova conta de "Eve New Account" e adiciona Alice como amiga.

• Eve então muda seu nome em "Eve New Account" para "Bob"

• Alice envia mensagens destinadas a "Bob" para a conta falsa de Bob de Eve Como os ataques de declarações falsas são inerentemente uma questão de confiança e verificação, a única maneira absoluta de evitá-los é os usuários validarem absolutamente a chave pública. Obviamente, isso não é o ideal e, em muitos casos, simplesmente não acontecerá .

Como tal, pretendemos fornecer algumas dicas de experiência do usuário na interface do usuário para orientar as pessoas na tomada de decisões sobre confiar em contas e/ou distinguir contas que possam estar tentando se representar como outros usuários.

Uma nota sobre ataques físicos A Cwtch não considera ataques que exijam acesso físico (ou equivalente) à máquina do usuário como praticamente defensáveis. No entanto, no interesse de uma boa engenharia de segurança, ao longo deste documento ainda nos referiremos a ataques ou condições que exigem tal privilégio e indicaremos onde quaisquer mitigações que implementámos falharão.

Um perfil Cwtch.

Os usuários podem criar um ou mais perfis Cwtch. Cada perfil gera um par de chaves ed25519 aleatório compatível com Tor.

Além do material criptográfico, um perfil também contém uma lista de Contatos (outras chaves públicas do perfil Cwtch + dados associados sobre esse perfil, como apelido e (opcionalmente) mensagens históricas), uma lista de Grupos (contendo o material criptográfico do grupo, além de outros dados associados, como apelido do grupo e mensagens históricas).

Conversões entre duas partes: ponto a ponto

https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_2186338207587396891707662879.webp

Para que duas partes participem de uma conversa ponto a ponto, ambas devem estar on-line, mas apenas uma precisa estar acessível por meio do serviço Onion. Por uma questão de clareza, muitas vezes rotulamos uma parte como “ponto de entrada” (aquele que hospeda o serviço cebola) e a outra parte como “ponto de saída” (aquele que se conecta ao serviço cebola).

Após a conexão, ambas as partes adotam um protocolo de autenticação que:

• Afirma que cada parte tem acesso à chave privada associada à sua identidade pública.

• Gera uma chave de sessão efêmera usada para criptografar todas as comunicações futuras durante a sessão.

Esta troca (documentada com mais detalhes no protocolo de autenticação ) é negável offline , ou seja, é possível para qualquer parte falsificar transcrições desta troca de protocolo após o fato e, como tal - após o fato - é impossível provar definitivamente que a troca aconteceu de forma alguma.

Após o protocolo de autenticação, as duas partes podem trocar mensagens livremente.

Conversas em Grupo e Comunicação Ponto a Servidor

Ao iniciar uma conversa em grupo, é gerada uma chave aleatória para o grupo, conhecida como Group Key. Todas as comunicações do grupo são criptografadas usando esta chave. Além disso, o criador do grupo escolhe um servidor Cwtch para hospedar o grupo. Um convite é gerado, incluindo o Group Key, o servidor do grupo e a chave do grupo, para ser enviado aos potenciais membros.

Para enviar uma mensagem ao grupo, um perfil se conecta ao servidor do grupo e criptografa a mensagem usando a Group Key, gerando também uma assinatura sobre o Group ID, o servidor do grupo e a mensagem. Para receber mensagens do grupo, um perfil se conecta ao servidor e baixa as mensagens, tentando descriptografá-las usando a Group Key e verificando a assinatura.

Detalhamento do Ecossistema de Componentes

O Cwtch é composto por várias bibliotecas de componentes menores, cada uma desempenhando um papel específico. Algumas dessas bibliotecas incluem:

• abertoprivacidade/conectividade: Abstração de rede ACN, atualmente suportando apenas Tor.
• cwtch.im/tapir: Biblioteca para construção de aplicativos p2p em sistemas de comunicação anônimos.
• cwtch.im/cwtch: Biblioteca principal para implementação do protocolo/sistema Cwtch.
• cwtch.im/libcwtch-go: Fornece ligações C para Cwtch para uso em implementações de UI.

TAPIR: Uma Visão Detalhada

Projetado para substituir os antigos canais de ricochete baseados em protobuf, o Tapir fornece uma estrutura para a construção de aplicativos anônimos.

Está dividido em várias camadas:

• Identidade - Um par de chaves ed25519, necessário para estabelecer um serviço cebola Tor v3 e usado para manter uma identidade criptográfica consistente para um par.

• Conexões – O protocolo de rede bruto que conecta dois pares. Até agora, as conexões são definidas apenas através do Tor v3 Onion Services.

• Aplicativos - As diversas lógicas que permitem um determinado fluxo de informações em uma conexão. Os exemplos incluem transcrições criptográficas compartilhadas, autenticação, proteção contra spam e serviços baseados em tokens. Os aplicativos fornecem recursos que podem ser referenciados por outros aplicativos para determinar se um determinado peer tem a capacidade de usar um determinado aplicativo hospedado.

• Pilhas de aplicativos - Um mecanismo para conectar mais de um aplicativo, por exemplo, a autenticação depende de uma transcrição criptográfica compartilhada e o aplicativo peer cwtch principal é baseado no aplicativo de autenticação.

Identidade.

Um par de chaves ed25519, necessário para estabelecer um serviço cebola Tor v3 e usado para manter uma identidade criptográfica consistente para um peer.

InitializeIdentity - de um par de chaves conhecido e persistente:i,I

InitializeEphemeralIdentity - de um par de chaves aleatório: ie,Ie

Aplicativos de transcrição.

Inicializa uma transcrição criptográfica baseada em Merlin que pode ser usada como base de protocolos baseados em compromisso de nível superior

O aplicativo de transcrição entrará em pânico se um aplicativo tentar substituir uma transcrição existente por uma nova (aplicando a regra de que uma sessão é baseada em uma e apenas uma transcrição).

Merlin é uma construção de transcrição baseada em STROBE para provas de conhecimento zero. Ele automatiza a transformação Fiat-Shamir, para que, usando Merlin, protocolos não interativos possam ser implementados como se fossem interativos.

Isto é significativamente mais fácil e menos sujeito a erros do que realizar a transformação manualmente e, além disso, também fornece suporte natural para:

• protocolos multi-round com fases alternadas de commit e desafio;

• separação natural de domínios, garantindo que os desafios estejam vinculados às afirmações a serem provadas;

• enquadramento automático de mensagens, evitando codificação ambígua de dados de compromisso;

• e composição do protocolo, usando uma transcrição comum para vários protocolos.

Finalmente, o Merlin também fornece um gerador de números aleatórios baseado em transcrição como defesa profunda contra ataques de entropia ruim (como reutilização de nonce ou preconceito em muitas provas). Este RNG fornece aleatoriedade sintética derivada de toda a transcrição pública, bem como dos dados da testemunha do provador e uma entrada auxiliar de um RNG externo.

Conectividade Cwtch faz uso do Tor Onion Services (v3) para todas as comunicações entre nós.

Fornecemos o pacote openprivacy/connectivity para gerenciar o daemon Tor e configurar e desmontar serviços cebola através do Tor.

Criptografia e armazenamento de perfil.

Os perfis são armazenados localmente no disco e criptografados usando uma chave derivada de uma senha conhecida pelo usuário (via pbkdf2).

Observe que, uma vez criptografado e armazenado em disco, a única maneira de recuperar um perfil é recuperando a senha - como tal, não é possível fornecer uma lista completa de perfis aos quais um usuário pode ter acesso até inserir uma senha.

Perfis não criptografados e a senha padrão Para lidar com perfis "não criptografados" (ou seja, que não exigem senha para serem abertos), atualmente criamos um perfil com uma senha codificada de fato .

Isso não é o ideal, preferiríamos confiar no material de chave fornecido pelo sistema operacional, de modo que o perfil fosse vinculado a um dispositivo específico, mas esses recursos são atualmente uma colcha de retalhos - também notamos, ao criar um perfil não criptografado, pessoas que usam Cwtch estão explicitamente optando pelo risco de que alguém com acesso ao sistema de arquivos possa descriptografar seu perfil.

Vulnerabilidades Relacionadas a Imagens e Entrada de Dados

Imagens Maliciosas

O Cwtch enfrenta desafios na renderização de imagens, com o Flutter utilizando Skia, embora o código subjacente não seja totalmente seguro para a memória.

Realizamos testes de fuzzing nos componentes Cwtch e encontramos um bug de travamento causado por um arquivo GIF malformado, levando a falhas no kernel. Para mitigar isso, adotamos a política de sempre habilitar cacheWidth e/ou cacheHeight máximo para widgets de imagem.

Identificamos o risco de imagens maliciosas serem renderizadas de forma diferente em diferentes plataformas, como evidenciado por um bug no analisador PNG da Apple.

Riscos de Entrada de Dados

Um risco significativo é a interceptação de conteúdo ou metadados por meio de um Input Method Editor (IME) em dispositivos móveis. Mesmo aplicativos IME padrão podem expor dados por meio de sincronização na nuvem, tradução online ou dicionários pessoais.

Implementamos medidas de mitigação, como enableIMEPersonalizedLearning: false no Cwtch 1.2, mas a solução completa requer ações em nível de sistema operacional e é um desafio contínuo para a segurança móvel.

Servidor Cwtch.

O objetivo do protocolo Cwtch é permitir a comunicação em grupo através de infraestrutura não confiável .

Ao contrário dos esquemas baseados em retransmissão, onde os grupos atribuem um líder, um conjunto de líderes ou um servidor confiável de terceiros para garantir que cada membro do grupo possa enviar e receber mensagens em tempo hábil (mesmo que os membros estejam offline) - infraestrutura não confiável tem o objetivo de realizar essas propriedades sem a suposição de confiança.

O artigo original do Cwtch definia um conjunto de propriedades que se esperava que os servidores Cwtch fornecessem:

• O Cwtch Server pode ser usado por vários grupos ou apenas um.

• Um servidor Cwtch, sem a colaboração de um membro do grupo, nunca deve aprender a identidade dos participantes de um grupo.

• Um servidor Cwtch nunca deve aprender o conteúdo de qualquer comunicação.

• Um servidor Cwtch nunca deve ser capaz de distinguir mensagens como pertencentes a um grupo específico. Observamos aqui que essas propriedades são um superconjunto dos objetivos de design das estruturas de Recuperação de Informações Privadas.

Melhorias na Eficiência e Segurança

Eficiência do Protocolo

Atualmente, apenas um protocolo conhecido, o PIR ingênuo, atende às propriedades desejadas para garantir a privacidade na comunicação do grupo Cwtch. Este método tem um impacto direto na eficiência da largura de banda, especialmente para usuários em dispositivos móveis. Em resposta a isso, estamos ativamente desenvolvendo novos protocolos que permitem negociar garantias de privacidade e eficiência de maneiras diversas.

Os servidores, no momento desta escrita, permitem o download completo de todas as mensagens armazenadas, bem como uma solicitação para baixar mensagens específicas a partir de uma determinada mensagem. Quando os pares ingressam em um grupo em um novo servidor, eles baixam todas as mensagens do servidor inicialmente e, posteriormente, apenas as mensagens novas.

Mitigação de Análise de Metadados

Essa abordagem permite uma análise moderada de metadados, pois o servidor pode enviar novas mensagens para cada perfil suspeito exclusivo e usar essas assinaturas de mensagens exclusivas para rastrear sessões ao longo do tempo. Essa preocupação é mitigada por dois fatores:

1. Os perfis podem atualizar suas conexões a qualquer momento, resultando em uma nova sessão do servidor.
2. Os perfis podem ser "ressincronizados" de um servidor a qualquer momento, resultando em uma nova chamada para baixar todas as mensagens. Isso é comumente usado para buscar mensagens antigas de um grupo.

Embora essas medidas imponham limites ao que o servidor pode inferir, ainda não podemos garantir resistência total aos metadados. Para soluções futuras para esse problema, consulte Niwl.

Proteção contra Pares Maliciosos

Os servidores enfrentam o risco de spam gerado por pares, representando uma ameaça significativa à eficácia do sistema Cwtch. Embora tenhamos implementado um mecanismo de proteção contra spam no protótipo do Cwtch, exigindo que os pares realizem alguma prova de trabalho especificada pelo servidor, reconhecemos que essa não é uma solução robusta na presença de um adversário determinado com recursos significativos.

Pacotes de Chaves

Os servidores Cwtch se identificam por meio de pacotes de chaves assinados, contendo uma lista de chaves necessárias para garantir a segurança e resistência aos metadados na comunicação do grupo Cwtch. Esses pacotes de chaves geralmente incluem três chaves: uma chave pública do serviço Tor v3 Onion para o Token Board, uma chave pública do Tor v3 Onion Service para o Token Service e uma chave pública do Privacy Pass.

Para verificar os pacotes de chaves, os perfis que os importam do servidor utilizam o algoritmo trust-on-first-use (TOFU), verificando a assinatura anexada e a existência de todos os tipos de chave. Se o perfil já tiver importado o pacote de chaves do servidor anteriormente, todas as chaves são consideradas iguais.

Configuração prévia do aplicativo para ativar o Relé do Cwtch.

No Android, a hospedagem de servidor não está habilitada, pois essa opção não está disponível devido às limitações dos dispositivos Android. Essa funcionalidade está reservada apenas para servidores hospedados em desktops.

No Android, a única forma direta de importar uma chave de servidor é através do grupo de teste Cwtch, garantindo assim acesso ao servidor Cwtch.

Primeiro passo é Habilitar a opção de grupo no Cwtch que está em fase de testes. Clique na opção no canto superior direito da tela de configuração e pressione o botão para acessar as configurações do Cwtch.

Você pode alterar o idioma para Português do Brasil.Depois, role para baixo e selecione a opção para ativar os experimentos. Em seguida, ative a opção para habilitar o chat em grupo e a pré-visualização de imagens e fotos de perfil, permitindo que você troque sua foto de perfil.

https://link.storjshare.io/raw/jvss6zxle26jdguwaegtjdixhfka/production/f0ca039733d48895001261ab25c5d2efbaf3bf26e55aad3cce406646f9af9d15.MP4

Próximo passo é Criar um perfil.

Pressione o + botão de ação no canto inferior direito e selecione "Novo perfil" ou aberta no botão + adicionar novo perfil.

• Selecione um nome de exibição

• Selecione se deseja proteger

este perfil e salvo localmente com criptografia forte: Senha: sua conta está protegida de outras pessoas que possam usar este dispositivo

Sem senha: qualquer pessoa que tenha acesso a este dispositivo poderá acessar este perfil.

Preencha sua senha e digite-a novamente

Os perfis são armazenados localmente no disco e criptografados usando uma chave derivada de uma senha conhecida pelo usuário (via pbkdf2).

Observe que, uma vez criptografado e armazenado em disco, a única maneira de recuperar um perfil é recuperando a chave da senha - como tal, não é possível fornecer uma lista completa de perfis aos quais um usuário pode ter acesso até inserir um senha.

https://link.storjshare.io/raw/jxqbqmur2lcqe2eym5thgz4so2ya/production/8f9df1372ec7e659180609afa48be22b12109ae5e1eda9ef1dc05c1325652507.MP4

O próximo passo é adicionar o FuzzBot, que é um bot de testes e de desenvolvimento.

Contato do FuzzBot: 4y2hxlxqzautabituedksnh2ulcgm2coqbure6wvfpg4gi2ci25ta5ad.

Ao enviar o comando "testgroup-invite" para o FuzzBot, você receberá um convite para entrar no Grupo Cwtch Test. Ao ingressar no grupo, você será automaticamente conectado ao servidor Cwtch. Você pode optar por sair do grupo a qualquer momento ou ficar para conversar e tirar dúvidas sobre o aplicativo e outros assuntos. Depois, você pode configurar seu próprio servidor Cwtch, o que é altamente recomendável.

https://link.storjshare.io/raw/jvji25zclkoqcouni5decle7if7a/production/ee3de3540a3e3dca6e6e26d303e12c2ef892a5d7769029275b8b95ffc7468780.MP4

Agora você pode utilizar o aplicativo normalmente. Algumas observações que notei: se houver demora na conexão com outra pessoa, ambas devem estar online. Se ainda assim a conexão não for estabelecida, basta clicar no ícone de reset do Tor para restabelecer a conexão com a outra pessoa.

Uma introdução aos perfis Cwtch.

Com Cwtch você pode criar um ou mais perfis . Cada perfil gera um par de chaves ed25519 aleatório compatível com a Rede Tor.

Este é o identificador que você pode fornecer às pessoas e que elas podem usar para entrar em contato com você via Cwtch.

Cwtch permite criar e gerenciar vários perfis separados. Cada perfil está associado a um par de chaves diferente que inicia um serviço cebola diferente.

Gerenciar Na inicialização, o Cwtch abrirá a tela Gerenciar Perfis. Nessa tela você pode:

• Crie um novo perfil.
• Desbloquear perfis.
• Criptografados existentes.
• Gerenciar perfis carregados.
• Alterando o nome de exibição de um perfil.
• Alterando a senha de um perfil Excluindo um perfil.
• Alterando uma imagem de perfil.

Backup ou exportação de um perfil.

Na tela de gerenciamento de perfil:

1. Selecione o lápis ao lado do perfil que você deseja editar

2. Role para baixo até a parte inferior da tela.

3. Selecione "Exportar perfil"

4. Escolha um local e um nome de arquivo.

5.confirme.

Uma vez confirmado, o Cwtch colocará uma cópia do perfil no local indicado. Este arquivo é criptografado no mesmo nível do perfil.

Este arquivo pode ser importado para outra instância do Cwtch em qualquer dispositivo.

Importando um perfil.

1. Pressione o +botão de ação no canto inferior direito e selecione "Importar perfil"

2. Selecione um arquivo de perfil Cwtch exportado para importar

3. Digite a senha associada ao perfil e confirme.

Uma vez confirmado, o Cwtch tentará descriptografar o arquivo fornecido usando uma chave derivada da senha fornecida. Se for bem-sucedido, o perfil aparecerá na tela Gerenciamento de perfil e estará pronto para uso.

OBSERVAÇÃO Embora um perfil possa ser importado para vários dispositivos, atualmente apenas uma versão de um perfil pode ser usada em todos os dispositivos ao mesmo tempo. As tentativas de usar o mesmo perfil em vários dispositivos podem resultar em problemas de disponibilidade e falhas de mensagens.

Qual é a diferença entre uma conexão ponto a ponto e um grupo cwtch?

As conexões ponto a ponto Cwtch permitem que 2 pessoas troquem mensagens diretamente. As conexões ponto a ponto nos bastidores usam serviços cebola Tor v3 para fornecer uma conexão criptografada e resistente a metadados. Devido a esta conexão direta, ambas as partes precisam estar online ao mesmo tempo para trocar mensagens.

Os Grupos Cwtch permitem que várias partes participem de uma única conversa usando um servidor não confiável (que pode ser fornecido por terceiros ou auto-hospedado). Os operadores de servidores não conseguem saber quantas pessoas estão em um grupo ou o que está sendo discutido. Se vários grupos estiverem hospedados em um único servidor, o servidor não conseguirá saber quais mensagens pertencem a qual grupo sem a conivência de um membro do grupo. Ao contrário das conversas entre pares, as conversas em grupo podem ser conduzidas de forma assíncrona, para que todos num grupo não precisem estar online ao mesmo tempo.

Por que os grupos cwtch são experimentais? Mensagens em grupo resistentes a metadados ainda são um problema em aberto . Embora a versão que fornecemos no Cwtch Beta seja projetada para ser segura e com metadados privados, ela é bastante ineficiente e pode ser mal utilizada. Como tal, aconselhamos cautela ao usá-lo e apenas o fornecemos como um recurso opcional.

Como posso executar meu próprio servidor Cwtch? A implementação de referência para um servidor Cwtch é de código aberto . Qualquer pessoa pode executar um servidor Cwtch, e qualquer pessoa com uma cópia do pacote de chaves públicas do servidor pode hospedar grupos nesse servidor sem que o operador tenha acesso aos metadados relacionados ao grupo .

https://git.openprivacy.ca/cwtch.im/server

https://docs.openprivacy.ca/cwtch-security-handbook/server.html

Como posso desligar o Cwtch? O painel frontal do aplicativo possui um ícone do botão "Shutdown Cwtch" (com um 'X'). Pressionar este botão irá acionar uma caixa de diálogo e, na confirmação, o Cwtch será desligado e todos os perfis serão descarregados.

Suas doações podem fazer a diferença no projeto Cwtch? O Cwtch é um projeto dedicado a construir aplicativos que preservam a privacidade, oferecendo comunicação de grupo resistente a metadados. Além disso, o projeto também desenvolve o Cofre, formulários da web criptografados para ajudar mútua segura. Suas contribuições apoiam iniciativas importantes, como a divulgação de violações de dados médicos em Vancouver e pesquisas sobre a segurança do voto eletrônico na Suíça. Ao doar, você está ajudando a fechar o ciclo, trabalhando com comunidades marginalizadas para identificar e corrigir lacunas de privacidade. Além disso, o projeto trabalha em soluções inovadoras, como a quebra de segredos através da criptografia de limite para proteger sua privacidade durante passagens de fronteira. E também tem a infraestrutura: toda nossa infraestrutura é open source e sem fins lucrativos. Conheça também o Fuzzytags, uma estrutura criptográfica probabilística para marcação resistente a metadados. Sua doação é crucial para continuar o trabalho em prol da privacidade e segurança online. Contribua agora com sua doação

https://openprivacy.ca/donate/

onde você pode fazer sua doação em bitcoin e outras moedas, e saiba mais sobre os projetos. https://openprivacy.ca/work/

Link sobre Cwtch

https://cwtch.im/

https://git.openprivacy.ca/cwtch.im/cwtch

https://docs.cwtch.im/docs/intro

https://docs.openprivacy.ca/cwtch-security-handbook/

Baixar #CwtchDev

cwtch.im/download/

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=im.cwtch.flwtch

@ 7e538978:a5987ab6

Chain Duel, a fast paced PvP game that takes inspiration from the classic snake game and supercharges it with Bitcoin’s Lightning Network. Imagine battling another player for dominance in a race to collect blocks, where the length of your chain isn’t just a visual cue. It represents real, staked satoshis. The player with the most Proof of Work wins, but it’s not just about gameplay; it’s about the seamless integration of the Lightning Network and real-time payments.

But how does Chain Duel manage these instant transactions with such efficiency? That’s where LNbits comes in. LNbits, an open-source wallet and payment infrastructure, handles all in-game payments making it easy for developers to focus on gameplay while LNbits takes care of everything from microtransactions to automated splits for developers and designers. In this article, we’ll dive deep into how Chain Duel leverages LNbits to streamline in-game payments and how other developers can take advantage of this powerful toolset to build the future of Lightning-powered gaming.

Let’s explore how LNbits transforms payment processing and why it’s quickly becoming a must-have for game developers working in the Bitcoin space.

Overview of Chain Duel

Chain Duel is a unique Lightning Network-inspired game that reimagines the classic snake game with a competitive twist, integrating real-time payments. Two players face off in real-time, racing to "catch" blocks and extend their chains. Each block added to the chain represents Proof of Work, and the player with the most Proof of Work wins the duel. The stakes are high, as the game represents satoshis (small units of Bitcoin) as points, with the winner taking home the prize.

The game is designed to be Lightning-native, meaning all payments within Chain Duel are processed through the Lightning Network. This ensures fast payments, reducing latency and making gameplay smooth. With additional features like practice mode, tournaments and highscores, Chain Duel creates an engaging and competitive environment for Bitcoin enthusiasts and gamers alike.

One of the standout aspects of Chain Duel is its deeper integration with the Lightning Network even at a design level. For example, actual Bitcoin blocks can appear on screen during matches, offering bonus points when mined in sync with the game. The game’s current version, still in beta, has already drawn attention within the Bitcoin community, gaining momentum at conferences and with a growing user base through its social networks. With its innovative combination of gaming, the Lightning Network, and competitive play, Chain Duel offers a glimpse into the future of Lightning-based gaming.

How LNbits is Used in Chain Duel

Seamless Integration with LNbits

At the core of Chain Duel’s efficient payment processing is LNbits, which handles in-game transactions smoothly and reliably. Chain Duel uses the LNbits LNURL-pay and LNURL-withdraw extensions to manage payments and rewards between players. Before each match, players send satoshis using LNURL-pay, which generates a static QR code or link for making the payment. LNURL-pay allows users to attach a note to the payment, which Chain Duel creatively uses as a way to insert the player name in-game. The simplicity of LNURL-pay ensures that users can quickly and easily initiate games, with fresh invoices being issued for every game. When players win, LNURL-withdraw enables them to seamlessly pull their earnings from the game, providing a quick payout system.

These extensions make it easy for players to send and receive Bitcoin with minimal latency, fully leveraging the power of the Lightning Network for fast and low-cost payments. The flexibility of LNbits’ tools means that game developers don’t need to worry about building custom payment systems from scratch—they can rely on LNbits to handle all financial transactions with precision.

Lightning Tournaments

Chain Duel tournaments leverage LNbits and its LNURL extensions to create a seamless and efficient experience for players. In Chain Duel tournaments, LNbits plays a crucial role in managing the overall economics. LNbits facilitates the generation of LNURL QR codes that participants can scan to register quickly or withdraw their winnings. LNbits allows Chain Duel to automatically handle multiple registrations through LNURL-pay, enabling players to participate in the tournament without additional steps. The Lightning Network's speed ensures that these payments occur in real-time, reducing wait times and allowing for a smoother flow in-game.

Splitting Payments

LNbits further simplifies revenue-sharing within Chain Duel. This feature allows the game to automatically split the satoshis sent by players into different shares for the game’s developer, designer, and host. Each time a payment is made to join a match, LNbits is used to automattically pay each of the contributors, according to pre-defined rules. This automated process ensures that everyone involved in the development and running of the game gets their fair share without manual intervention or complex bookkeeping.

Nostr Integration

Chain Duel also integrates with Nostr, a decentralized protocol for social interactions. Players can join games using "Zaps", small tips or micropayments sent over the Lightning Network within the Nostr ecosystem. Through NIP-57, which enables Nostr clients to request Zap invoices, players can use LNURL-pay enabled Zaps to register in P2P matches, further enhancing the Chain Duel experience. By using Zaps as a way to register in-game, Chain Duel automates the process of fetching players' identity, creating a more competitive and social experience. Zaps are public on the Nostr network, further expanding Chain Duel's games social reach and community engagement.

Game and Payment Synchronization

One of the key reasons Chain Duel developers chose LNbits is its powerful API that connects directly with the game’s logic. LNbits allows the game to synchronize payments with gameplay in real-time, providing a seamless experience where payments are an integrated part of the gaming mechanics.

With LNbits managing both the payment process and the Lightning Network’s complex infrastructure, Chain Duel developers are free to concentrate on enhancing the competitive and Lightning Network-related aspects of the game. This division of tasks is essential for streamlining development while still providing an innovative in-game payment experience that is deeply integrated with the Bitcoin network.

LNbits proves to be an indispensable tool for Chain Duel, enabling smooth in-game transactions, real-time revenue sharing, and seamless integration with Nostr. For developers looking to build Lightning-powered games, LNbits offers a powerful suite of tools that handle everything from micropayments to payment distribution—ensuring that the game's focus remains on fun and competition rather than complex payment systems.

LNBits facilitating Education and Adoption

This system contributes to educating users on the power of the Lightning Network. Since Chain Duel directly involve real satoshis and LNURL for registration and rewards, players actively experience how Lightning can facilitate fast, cheap, and permissionless payments. By incorporating LNbits into Chain Duel, the game serves as an educational tool that introduces users to the benefits of the Lightning Network. Players gain direct experience using Lightning wallets and LNURL, helping them understand how these tools work in real-world scenarios. The near-instant nature of these payments showcases the power of Lightning in a practical context, highlighting its potential beyond just gaming. Players are encouraged to set up wallets, explore the Lightning ecosystem, and eventually become familiar with Bitcoin and Lightning technology. By integrating LNbits, Chain Duel transforms in-game payments into a learning opportunity, making Bitcoin and Lightning more approachable for users worldwide.

Tools for Developers

LNbits is a versatile, open-source platform designed to simplify and enhance Bitcoin Lightning Network wallet management. For developers, particularly those working on Lightning-native games like Chain Duel, LNbits offers an invaluable set of tools that allow for seamless integration of Lightning payments without the need to build complex custom solutions from scratch. LNbits is built on a modular and extensible architecture, enabling developers to easily add or create functionality suited to their project’s needs.

Extensible Architecture for Customization

At the core of LNbits is a simple yet powerful wallet system that developers can access across multiple devices. What makes LNbits stand out is its extensible nature—everything beyond the core functionality is implemented as an extension. This modular approach allows users to customize their LNbits installation by enabling or building extensions to suit specific use cases. This flexibility is perfect for developers who want to add Lightning-based services to their games or apps without modifying the core codebase.

• Extensions for Every Use Case
  LNbits comes with a wide array of built-in extensions created by contributors, offering various services that can be plugged into your application. Some popular extensions include:
• Faucets: Distribute small amounts of Bitcoin to users for testing or promotional purposes.
• Paylinks: Create shareable links for instant payments.
• Points-of-sale (PoS): Allow users to set up shareable payment terminals.
• Paywalls: Charge users to access content or services.
• Event tickets: Sell tickets for events directly via Lightning payments.
• Games and services: From dice games to jukeboxes, LNbits offers entertaining and functional tools.

These ready-made solutions can be adapted and used in different gaming scenarios, for example in Chain Duel, where LNURL extensions are used for in game payments. The extensibility ensures developers can focus on building engaging gameplay while LNbits handles payment flows.

Developer-Friendly Customization

LNbits isn't just a plug-and-play platform. Developers can extend its functionality even further by creating their own extensions, giving full control over how the wallet system is integrated into their games or apps. The architecture is designed to make it easy for developers to build on top of the platform, adding custom features for specific requirements.

Flexible Funding Source Management

LNbits also offers flexibility in terms of managing funding sources. Developers can easily connect LNbits to various Lightning Network node implementations, enabling seamless transitions between nodes or even different payment systems. This allows developers to switch underlying funding sources with minimal effort, making LNbits adaptable for games that may need to scale quickly or rely on different payment infrastructures over time.

A Lean Core System for Maximum Efficiency

Thanks to its modular architecture, LNbits maintains a lean core system. This reduces complexity and overhead, allowing developers to implement only the features they need. By avoiding bloated software, LNbits ensures faster transactions and less resource consumption, which is crucial in fast-paced environments like Chain Duel where speed and efficiency are paramount.

LNbits is designed with developers in mind, offering a suite of tools and a flexible infrastructure that makes integrating Bitcoin payments easy. Whether you’re developing games, apps, or any service that requires Lightning Network transactions, LNbits is a powerful, open-source solution that can be adapted to fit your project.

Conclusion

Chain Duel stands at the forefront of Lightning-powered gaming, combining the excitement of competitive PvP with the speed and efficiency of the Lightning Network. With LNbits handling all in-game payments, from microtransactions to automated revenue splits, developers can focus entirely on crafting an engaging gaming experience. LNbits’ powerful API and extensions make it easy to manage real-time payments, removing the complexity of building payment infrastructure from scratch.

LNbits isn’t just a payment tool — it’s a flexible, developer-friendly platform that can be adapted to any gaming model. Whether you're developing a fast-paced PvP game like Chain Duel or any project requiring seamless Lightning Network integration, LNbits provides the ideal solution for handling instant payments with minimal overhead.

For developers interested in pushing the boundaries of Lightning-powered gaming, Chain Duel is a great example of how LNbits can enhance your game, letting you focus on the fun while LNbits manages real-time transactions.

Find out more

Curious about how Lightning Network payments can power your next game? Explore the following:

• Learn more about Chain Duel: Chain Duel
• Learn how LNbits can simplify payment handling in your project: LNbits
• Dive into decentralized communication with Nostr: Nostr

@ c4f5e7a7:8856cac7

Best viewed on Habla, YakiHonne or Highlighter.

TL;DR

This article explores the links between public, community-driven data sources (such as OpenStreetMap) and private, cryptographically-owned data found on networks such as Nostr.

The following concepts are explored:

1. Attestations: Users signalling to their social graph that they believe something to be true by publishing Attestations. These social proofs act as a decentralised verification system that leverages your web-of-trust.
2. Proof of Place: An oracle-based system where physical letters are sent to real-world locations, confirming the corresponding digital ownership via cryptographic proofs. This binds physical locations in meatspace with their digital representations in the Nostrverse.
3. Check-ins: Foursquare-style check-ins that can be verified using attestations from place owners, ensuring authenticity. This approach uses web-of-trust to validate check-ins and location ownership over time.

The goal is to leverage cryptographic ownership where necessary while preserving the open, collaborative nature of public data systems.

Open Data in a public commons has a place and should not be thrown out with the Web 2.0 bathwater.

Cognitive Dissonance

Ever since discovering Nostr in August of 2022 I've been grappling with how BTC Map - a project that helps bitcoiners find places to spend sats - should most appropriately use this new protocol.

I am assuming, dear reader, that you are somewhat familiar with Nostr - a relatively new protocol for decentralised identity and communication. If you don’t know your nsec from your npub, please take some time to read these excellent posts: Nostr is Identity for the Internet and The Power of Nostr by @max and @lyn, respectively. Nostr is so much more than a short-form social media replacement.

The social features (check-ins, reviews, etc.) that Nostr unlocks for BTC Map are clear and exciting - all your silos are indeed broken - however, something fundamental has been bothering me for a while and I think it comes down to data ownership.

For those unfamiliar, BTC Map uses OpenStreetMap (OSM) as its main geographic database. OSM is centred on the concept of a commons of objectively verifiable data that is maintained by a global community of volunteer editors; a Wikipedia for maps. There is no data ownership; the data is free (as in freedom) and anyone can edit anything. It is the data equivalent of FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) - FOSD if you will, but more commonly referred to as Open Data.

In contrast, Notes and Other Stuff on Nostr (Places in this cartographic context) are explicitly owned by the controller of the private key. These notes are free to propagate, but they are owned.

How do we reconcile the decentralised nature of Nostr, where data is cryptographically owned by individuals, with the community-managed data commons of OpenStreetMap, where no one owns the data?

Self-sovereign Identity

Before I address this coexistence question, I want to talk a little about identity as it pertains to ownership. If something is to be owned, it has to be owned by someone or something - an identity.

All identities that are not self-sovereign are, by definition, leased to you by a 3rd party. You rent your Facebook identity from Meta in exchange for your data. You rent your web domain from your DNS provider in exchange for your money.

Taken to the extreme, you rent your passport from your Government in exchange for your compliance. You are you at the pleasure of others. Where Bitcoin separates money from the state; Nostr separates identity from the state.

Or, as @nvk said recently: "Don't build your house on someone else's land.".

https://i.nostr.build/xpcCSkDg3uVw0yku.png

While we’ve had the tools for self-sovereign digital identity for decades (think PGP keys or WebAuthN), we haven't had the necessary social use cases nor the corresponding social graph to elevate these identities to the mainstream. Nostr fixes this.

Nostr is PGP for the masses and will take cryptographic identities mainstream.

Full NOSTARD?

Returning to the coexistence question: the data on OpenStreetMap isn’t directly owned by anyone, even though the physical entities the data represents might be privately owned. OSM is a data commons.

We can objectively agree on the location of a tree or a fire hydrant without needing permission to observe and record it. Sure, you could place a tree ‘on Nostr’, but why should you? Just because something can be ‘on Nostr’ doesn’t mean it should be.

https://i.nostr.build/s3So2JVAqoY4E1dI.png

There might be a dystopian future where we can't agree on what a tree is nor where it's located, but I hope we never get there. It's at this point we'll need a Wikifreedia variant of OpenStreetMap.

While integrating Nostr identities into OpenStreetMap would be valuable, the current OSM infrastructure, tools, and community already provide substantial benefits in managing this data commons without needing to go NOSTR-native - there's no need to go Full NOSTARD. H/T to @princeySOV for the original meme.

https://i.nostr.build/ot9jtM5cZtDHNKWc.png

So, how do we appropriately blend cryptographically owned data with the commons?

If a location is owned in meatspace and it's useful to signal that ownership, it should also be owned in cyberspace. Our efforts should therefore focus on entities like businesses, while allowing the commons to manage public data for as long as it can successfully mitigate the tragedy of the commons.

The remainder of this article explores how we can:

1. Verify ownership of a physical place in the real world;
2. Link that ownership to the corresponding digital place in cyberspace.

As a side note, I don't see private key custodianship - or, even worse, permissioned use of Places signed by another identity's key - as any more viable than the rented identities of Web 2.0.

And as we all know, the Second Law of Infodynamics (no citation!) states that:

"The total amount of sensitive information leaked will always increase over time."

This especially holds true if that data is centralised.

Not your keys, not your notes. Not your keys, not your identity.

Places and Web-of-Trust

@Arkinox has been leading the charge on the Places NIP, introducing Nostr notes (kind 37515) that represent physical locations. The draft is well-crafted, with bonus points for linking back to OSM (and other location repositories) via NIP-73 - External Content IDs (championed by @oscar of @fountain).

However, as Nostr is permissionless, authenticity poses a challenge. Just because someone claims to own a physical location on the Internet doesn’t necessarily mean they have ownership or control of that location in the real world.

Ultimately, this problem can only be solved in a decentralised way by using Web-of-Trust - using your social graph and the perspectives of trusted peers to inform your own perspective. In the context of Places, this requires your network to form a view on which digital identity (public key / npub) is truly the owner of a physical place like your local coffee shop.

This requires users to:

1. Verify the owner of a Place in cyberspace is the owner of a place in meatspace.
2. Signal this verification to their social graph.

Let's look at the latter idea first with the concept of Attestations ...

Attestations

A way to signal to your social graph that you believe something to be true (or false for that matter) would be by publishing an Attestation note. An Attestation note would signify to your social graph that you think something is either true or false.

Imagine you're a regular at a local coffee shop. You publish an Attestation that says the shop is real and the owner behind the Nostr public key is who they claim to be. Your friends trust you, so they start trusting the shop's digital identity too.

However, attestations applied to Places are just a single use case. The attestation concept could be more widely applied across Nostr in a variety of ways (key rotation, identity linking, etc).

Here is a recent example from @lyn that would carry more signal if it were an Attestation:

https://i.nostr.build/lZAXOEwvRIghgFY4.png

Parallels can be drawn between Attestations and transaction confirmations on the Bitcoin timechain; however, their importance to you would be weighted by clients and/or Data Vending Machines in accordance with:

1. Your social graph;
2. The type or subject of the content being attested and by whom;
3. Your personal preferences.

They could also have a validity duration to be temporally bound, which would be particularly useful in the case of Places.

NIP-25 (Reactions) do allow for users to up/downvote notes with optional content (e.g., emojis) and could work for Attestations, but I think we need something less ambiguous and more definitive.

‘This is true’ resonates more strongly than ‘I like this.’.

https://i.nostr.build/s8NIG2kXzUCLcoax.jpg

There are similar concepts in the Web 3 / Web 5 world such as Verified Credentials by tdb. However, Nostr is the Web 3 now and so wen Attestation NIP?

https://i.nostr.build/Cb047NWyHdJ7h5Ka.jpg

That said, I have seen @utxo has been exploring ‘smart contracts’ on nostr and Attestations may just be a relatively ‘dumb’ subset of the wider concept Nostr-native scripting combined with web-of-trust.

Proof of Place

Attestations handle the signalling of your truth, but what about the initial verification itself?

We already covered how this ultimately has to be derived from your social graph, but what if there was a way to help bootstrap this web-of-trust through the use of oracles? For those unfamiliar with oracles in the digital realm, they are simply trusted purveyors of truth.

Introducing Proof of Place, an out–of-band process where an oracle (such as BTC Map) would mail - yes physically mail- a shared secret to the address of the location being claimed in cyberspace. This shared secret would be locked to the public key (npub) making the claim, which, if unlocked, would prove that the associated private key (nsec) has physical access to the location in meatspace.

One way of doing this would be to mint a 1 sat cashu ecash token locked to the npub of the claimant and mail it to them. If they are able to redeem the token then they have cryptographically proven that they have physical access to the location.

Proof of Place is really nothing more than a weighted Attestation. In a web-of-trust Nostrverse, an oracle is simply a npub (say BTC Map) that you weigh heavily for its opinion on a given topic (say Places).

In the Bitcoin world, Proof of Work anchors digital scarcity in cyberspace to physical scarcity (energy and time) in meatspace and as @Gigi says in PoW is Essential:

"A failure to understand Proof of Work, is a failure to understand Bitcoin."

In the Nostrverse, Proof of Place helps bridge the digital and physical worlds.

@Gigi also observes in Memes vs The World that:

"In Bitcoin, the map is the territory. We can infer everything we care about by looking at the map alone."

https://i.nostr.build/dOnpxfI4u7EL2v4e.png

This isn’t true for Nostr.

In the Nostrverse, the map IS NOT the territory. However, Proof of Place enables us to send cryptographic drones down into the physical territory to help us interpret our digital maps. 🤯

Check-ins

Although not a draft NIP yet, @Arkinox has also been exploring the familiar concept of Foursquare-style Check-ins on Nostr (with kind 13811 notes).

For the uninitiated, Check-ins are simply notes that signal the publisher is at a given location. These locations could be Places (in the Nostr sense) or any other given digital representation of a location for that matter (such as OSM elements) if NIP-73 - External Content IDs are used.

Of course, not everyone will be a Check-in enjoyooor as the concept will not sit well with some people’s threat models and OpSec practices.

Bringing Check-ins to Nostr is possible (as @sebastix capably shows here), but they suffer the same authenticity issues as Places. Just because I say I'm at a given location doesn't mean that I am.

Back in the Web 2.0 days, Foursquare mitigated this by relying on the GPS position of the phone running their app, but this is of course spoofable.

How should we approach Check-in verifiability in the Nostrverse? Well, just like with Places, we can use Attestations and WoT. In the context of Check-ins, an Attestation from the identity (npub) of the Place being checked-in to would be a particularly strong signal. An NFC device could be placed in a coffee shop and attest to check-ins without requiring the owner to manually intervene - I’m sure @blackcoffee and @Ben Arc could hack something together over a weekend!

Check-ins could also be used as a signal for bonafide Place ownership over time.

Summary: Trust Your Bros

So, to recap, we have:

Places: Digital representations of physical locations on Nostr.

Check-ins: Users signalling their presence at a location.

Attestations: Verifiable social proofs used to confirm ownership or the truth of a claim.

You can visualise how these three concepts combine in the diagram below:

https://i.nostr.build/Uv2Jhx5BBfA51y0K.jpg

And, as always, top right trumps bottom left! We have:

Level 0 - Trust Me Bro: Anyone can check-in anywhere. The Place might not exist or might be impersonating the real place in meatspace. The person behind the npub may not have even been there at all.

Level 1 - Definitely Maybe Somewhere: This category covers the middle-ground of ‘Maybe at a Place’ and ‘Definitely Somewhere’. In these examples, you are either self-certifying that you have checked-in at an Attested Place or you are having others attest that you have checked-in at a Place that might not even exist IRL.

Level 2 - Trust Your Bros: An Attested Check-in at an Attested Place. Your individual level of trust would be a function of the number of Attestations and how you weigh them within your own social graph.

https://i.nostr.build/HtLAiJH1uQSTmdxf.jpg

Perhaps the gold standard (or should that be the Bitcoin standard?) would be a Check-in attested by the owner of the Place, which in itself was attested by BTC Map?

Or perhaps not. Ultimately, it’s the users responsibility to determine what they trust by forming their own perspective within the Nostrverse powered by web-of-trust algorithms they control. ‘Trust Me Bro’ or ‘Trust Your Bros’ - you decide.

As we navigate the frontier of cryptographic ownership and decentralised data, it’s up to us to find the balance between preserving the Open Data commons and embracing self-sovereign digital identities.

Thanks

With thanks to Arkinox, Avi, Ben Gunn, Kieran, Blackcoffee, Sebastix, Tomek, Calle, Short Fiat, Ben Weeks and Bitcoms for helping shape my thoughts and refine content, whether you know it or not!

@ 7460b7fd:4fc4e74b

请看2014年王兴的一场思维碰撞，视频27分钟开始

最后，一个当时无法解决的点：丢失

@ 1d685541:f0883831

Shibuya Font #art 24, November, 2024 https://www.shibuyafont.jp//

きらめく渋谷 渋谷パラレル マルキュー 渋谷女子メイク ティタイム 幾何学 つぎはぎ ◯△□02 夢見る自由 通り過ぎるシブヤ レインボーピープル すれ違い 青海波 まちあかり あなたへのお花 ササヅカノネコカフェ

@ b60c3e76:c9d0f46e

KRIS menjamin semua golongan masyarakat mendapatkan perlakuan sama dari rumah sakit, baik pelayanan medis maupun nonmedis.

Demi memberikan peningkatan kualitas layanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat, pemerintah baru saja mengeluarkan Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) nomor 59 tahun 2024 tentang Jaminan Kesehatan. Melalui perpres itu, Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi) telah menghapus perbedaan kelas layanan 1, 2, dan 3 dalam Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial atau BPJS Kesehatan.

Layanan berbasis kelas itu diganti dengan KRIS (Kelas Rawat Inap Standar). Berkaitan dengan lahirnya Perpres 59/2024 tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Perpres 82/2018 tentang Jaminan Kesehatan, Presiden Joko Widodo telah memerintahkan seluruh rumah sakit yang bekerja sama dengan BPJS Kesehatan melaksanakannya.

Kebijakan baru itu mulai berlaku per 8 Mei 2024 dan paling lambat 30 Juni 2025. Dalam jangka waktu tersebut, rumah sakit dapat menyelenggarakan sebagian atau seluruh pelayanan rawat inap berdasarkan KRIS sesuai dengan kemampuan rumah sakit.

Lantas apa yang menjadi pembeda dari sisi layanan dengan layanan rawat inap sesuai Perpres 59/2024? Dahulu sistem layanan rawat BPJS Kesehatan dibagi berdasarkan kelas yang dibagi masing-masing kelas 1, 2, dan 3. Namun, melalui perpres, layanan kepada masyarakat tidak dibedakan lagi.

Pelayanan rawat inap yang diatur dalam perpres itu--dikenal dengan nama KRIS—menjadi sistem baru yang digunakan dalam pelayanan rawat inap BPJS Kesehatan di rumah sakit-rumah sakit. Dengan KRIS, semua golongan masyarakat akan mendapatkan perlakuan yang sama dari rumah sakit, baik dalam hal pelayanan medis maupun nonmedis.

Dengan lahirnya Perpres 59/2024, tarif iuran BPJS Kesehatan pun juga akan berubah. Hanya saja, dalam Perpres itu belum dicantumkan secara rinci ihwal besar iuran yang baru. Besaran iuran baru BPJS Kesehatan itu sesuai rencana baru ditetapkan pada 1 Juli 2025.

“Penetapan manfaat, tarif, dan iuran sebagaimana dimaksud ditetapkan paling lambat tanggal 1 Juli 2025,” tulis aturan tersebut, dikutip Senin (13/5/2024).

Itu artinya, iuran BPJS Kesehatan saat ini masih sama seperti sebelumnya, yakni sesuai dengan kelas yang dipilih. Namun perpres itu tetap berlaku sembari menanti lahirnya peraturan lanjutan dari perpres tersebut.

Kesiapan Rumah Sakit

Berkaitan dengan lahirnya kebijakan layanan kesehatan tanpa dibedakan kelas lagi, Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes) menegaskan mayoritas rumah sakit di Indonesia siap untuk menjalankan layanan KRIS untuk pasien BPJS Kesehatan.

Kesiapan itu diungkapkan oleh Dirjen Pelayanan Kesehatan Kemenkes Azhar Jaya. “Survei kesiapan RS terkait KRIS sudah dilakukan pada 2.988 rumah sakit dan yang sudah siap menjawab isian 12 kriteria ada sebanyak 2.233 rumah sakit,” ujar Azhar.

Sebagai informasi, KRIS adalah pengganti layanan Kelas 1, 2, dan 3 BPJS Kesehatan yang bertujuan untuk memberikan layanan kesehatan secara merata tanpa melihat besaran iurannya.

Melalui KRIS, rumah sakit perlu menyiapkan sarana dan prasarana sesuai dengan 12 kriteria kelas rawat inap standar secara bertahap. Apa saja ke-12 kriteria KRIS itu?

Sesuai bunyi Pasal 46A Perpres 59/2024, disyaratkan kriteria fasilitas perawatan dan pelayanan rawat inap KRIS meliputi komponen bangunan yang digunakan tidak boleh memiliki tingkat porositas yang tinggi serta terdapat ventilasi udara dan kelengkapan tidur.

Demikian pula soal pencahayaan ruangan. Perpres itu juga mengatur pencahayaan ruangan buatan mengikuti kriteria standar 250 lux untuk penerangan dan 50 lux untuk pencahayaan tidur, temperature ruangan 20--26 derajat celcius.

Tidak hanya itu, layanan rawat inap berdasarkan perpres itu mensyaratkan fasilitas layanan yang membagi ruang rawat berdasarkan jenis kelamin pasien, anak atau dewasa, serta penyakit infeksi atau noninfeksi.

Selain itu, kriteria lainnya adalah keharusan bagi penyedia layanan untuk mempertimbangkan kepadatan ruang rawat dan kualitas tempat tidur, penyediaan tirai atau partisi antartempat tidur, kamar mandi dalam ruangan rawat inap yang memenuhi standar aksesibilitas, dan menyediakan outlet oksigen.

Selain itu, kelengkapan tempat tidur berupa adanya dua kotak kontak dan nurse call pada setiap tempat tidur dan adanya nakas per tempat tidur. Kepadatan ruang rawat inap maksimal empat tempat tidur dengan jarak antara tepi tempat tidur minimal 1,5 meter.

Tirai/partisi dengan rel dibenamkan menempel di plafon atau menggantung. Kamar mandi dalam ruang rawat inap serta kamar mandi sesuai dengan standar aksesibilitas dan outlet oksigen.

Azhar menjamin, Kemenkes akan menjalankan hal tersebut sesuai dengan tupoksi yang ada. “Tentu saja kami akan bekerja sama dengan BPJS Kesehatan dalam implementasi dan pengawasannya di lapangan,” ujar Azhar.

Berkaitan dengan perpres jaminan kesehatan itu, Direktur Utama BPJS Kesehatan Ghufron Mukti menilai, perpres tersebut berorientasi pada penyeragaman kelas rawat inap yang mengacu pada 12 kriteria. "Bahwa perawatan ada kelas rawat inap standar dengan 12 kriteria, untuk peserta BPJS, maka sebagaimana sumpah dokter tidak boleh dibedakan pemberian pelayan medis atas dasar suku, agama, status sosial atau beda iurannya," ujarnya.

Jika ada peserta ingin dirawat pada kelas yang lebih tinggi, kata Ghufron, maka diperbolehkan selama hal itu dipengaruhi situasi nonmedis. Hal itu disebutkan dalam Pasal 51 Perpres Jaminan Kesehatan diatur ketentuan naik kelas perawatan.

Menurut pasal tersebut, naik kelas perawatan dilakukan dengan cara mengikuti asuransi kesehatan tambahan atau membayar selisih antara biaya yang dijamin oleh BPJS Kesehatan dengan biaya yang harus dibayar akibat peningkatan pelayanan.

Selisih antara biaya yang dijamin oleh BPJS Kesehatan dengan biaya pelayanan dapat dibayar oleh peserta bersangkutan, pemberi kerja, atau asuransi kesehatan tambahan.

Ghufron Mukti juga mengimbau pengelola rumah sakit tidak mengurangi jumlah tempat tidur perawatan pasien dalam upaya memenuhi kriteria KRIS. "Pesan saya jangan dikurangi akses dengan mengurangi jumlah tempat tidur. Pertahankan jumlah tempat tidur dan penuhi persyaratannya dengan 12 kriteria tersebut," tegas Ghufron.

Penulis: Firman Hidranto Redaktur: Ratna Nuraini/Elvira Inda Sari Sumber: Indonesia.go.id

@ 9c47bb51:000381d0

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been a cornerstone of holistic health for thousands of years. Rooted in the principles of balance and harmony, TCM views the body as an interconnected system, focusing not just on treating symptoms but addressing the root cause of illness. In today’s world, where many struggle with stress, chronic disease, and lifestyle-related health issues, TCM offers a time-tested approach to achieving better health.

At the heart of TCM is the concept of Qi (pronounced “chee”), which is often described as the body’s vital energy. When Qi flows freely, you feel strong and healthy. But when it’s blocked or out of balance, it can lead to fatigue, pain, or illness. Practices like acupuncture, herbal medicine, and Qi Gong are designed to restore this balance, helping your body heal itself.

Take acupuncture, for example. It’s more than just needles. By stimulating specific points on the body, acupuncture helps regulate the nervous system, reduce inflammation, and improve circulation. This makes it effective for managing chronic pain, reducing stress, and even boosting immunity.

Herbal medicine is another cornerstone of TCM. These aren’t just random combinations of plants; they’re carefully crafted formulas tailored to each person’s unique needs. Whether it’s calming an overactive mind, strengthening the immune system, or improving digestion, TCM herbs are a natural way to restore balance without the side effects of many pharmaceuticals.

One of the most underrated aspects of TCM is its emphasis on prevention. While modern medicine often focuses on treating illnesses after they occur, TCM encourages practices that keep you healthy in the first place. Diet, exercise, mindfulness, and seasonal adjustments all play a role in maintaining balance. For example, eating warming foods in the winter and cooling foods in the summer helps your body stay in harmony with its environment.

The beauty of TCM is that it’s not one-size-fits-all. It’s personalized healthcare at its finest. Whether you’re dealing with chronic issues or just want to feel more energized and balanced, TCM meets you where you are and works with your body’s natural rhythms.

In a fast-paced world where many feel disconnected from their health, TCM offers a way to slow down, tune in, and nurture your body and mind. It’s not about quick fixes but creating lasting wellness through balance, harmony, and respect for the body’s innate wisdom.

If you’re curious about how TCM can help you live a healthier life, start small. Try incorporating mindful eating, experimenting with herbal teas, or exploring acupuncture for stress relief. The journey to health doesn’t have to be overwhelming, it’s about taking simple, intentional steps toward a better you.

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

Lot of people are starting to talk about building a web-of-trust and how nostr can or is already being used as such

We all know about using the kind:3 following lists as a simple WoT that can be used to filter out spam. but as we all know it does not really signal "trust", its mostly just "I find your content interesting"

But what about real "trust"... well its kind of multi-denominational, I could trust that your a good developer or a good journalist but still not trust you enough to invite you over to my house. There are some interesting and clever solutions proposed for quantifying "trust" in a digital sense but I'm not going to get into that here. I want to talk about something that I have not see anyone discuss yet.

How is the web-of-trust maintained? or more precisely how do you expect users to update the digital representation of the "trust" of other users?

Its all well and good to think of how a user would create that "trust" of another user when discovering them for the first time. They would click the "follow" button, or maybe even rate them on a few topics with a 1/5 star system But how will a user remove that trust? how will they update it if things change and they trust them less?

If our goal is to model "trust" in a digital sense then we NEED a way for the data to stay up-to-date and as accurate as possible. otherwise whats the use? If we don't have a friction-less way to update or remove the digital representation of "trust" then we will end up with a WoT that continuously grows and everyone is rated 10/10

In the case of nostr kind:3 following lists. its pretty easy to see how these would get updated. If someone posts something I dislike or I notice I'm getting board of their content. then I just unfollow them. An important part here is that I'm not thinking "I should update my trust score of this user" but instead "I'm no longer interested, I don't want to see this anymore"

But that is probably the easiest "trust" to update. because most of us on social media spend some time curating our feed and we are used to doing it. But what about the more obscure "trust" scores? whats the regular mechanism by which a user would update the "honestly" score of another user?

In the real world its easy, when I stop trusting someone I simply stop associating with them. there isn't any button or switch I need to update. I simply don't talk to them anymore, its friction-less But in the digital realm I would have to remove or update that trust. in other words its an action I need to take instead of an action I'm not doing. and actions take energy.

So how do we reflect something in the digital world that takes no-energy and is almost subconscious in the real world?

TLDR; webs-of-trust are not just about scoring other users once. you must keep the score up-to-date

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

While I was in Mediera with all the other awesome people at the first SEC cohort there where a lot of discussions around data storage on nostr and if it could be made censorship-resistent

I remember lots of discussions about torrents, hypercore, nostr relays, and of course IPFS

There were a few things I learned from all these conversations:

1. All the existing solutions have one thing in common. A universal ID of some kind for files
2. HTTP is still good. we don't have to throw the baby out with the bath water
3. nostr could fix this... somehow

Some of the existing solutions work well for large files, and all of them are decentralization in some way. However none of them seem capable of serving up cat pictures for social media clients. they all have something missing...

An Identity system

An identity system would allow files to be "owned" by users. and once files have owners servers could start grouping files into a single thing instead of a 1000+ loose files

This can also greatly simplify the question of "what is spam" for a server hosting (or seeding) these files. since it could simply have a whitelist of owners (and maybe their friends)

What is blossom?

Blossom is a set of HTTP endpoints that allow nostr users to store and retrieve binary data on public servers using the sha256 hash as a universal id

What are Blobs?

blobs are chunks of binary data. they are similar to files but with one key difference, they don't have names

Instead blobs have a sha256 hash (like b1674191a88ec5cdd733e4240a81803105dc412d6c6708d53ab94fc248f4f553) as an ID

These IDs are universal since they can be computed from the file itself using the sha256 hashing algorithm ( you can get a files sha256 hash on linux using: sha256sum bitcoin.pdf )

How do the servers work?

Blossom servers expose four endpoints to let clients and users upload and manage blobs

• GET /<sha256> (optional file .ext)
• PUT /upload
• Authentication: Signed nostr event
• Returns a blob descriptor
• GET /list/<pubkey>
• Returns an array of blob descriptors
• Authentication (optional): Signed nostr event
• DELETE /<sha256>
• Authentication: Signed nostr event

What is Blossom Drive?

Blossom Drive is a nostr app built on top of blossom servers and allows users to create and manage folders of blobs

What are Drives

Drives are just nostr events (kind 30563) that store a map of blobs and what filename they should have along with some extra metadata

An example drive event would be json { "pubkey": "266815e0c9210dfa324c6cba3573b14bee49da4209a9456f9484e5106cd408a5", "created_at": 1710773987, "content": "", "kind": 30563, "tags": [ [ "name", "Emojis" ], [ "description", "nostr emojis" ], [ "d", "emojis" ], [ "r", "https://cdn.hzrd149.com/" ], [ "x", "303f018e613f29e3e43264529903b7c8c84debbd475f89368cb293ec23938981", "/noStrudel.png", "15161", "image/png" ], [ "x", "a0e2b39975c8da1702374b3eed6f4c6c7333e6ae0008dadafe93bd34bfb2ca78", "/satellite.png", "6853", "image/png" ], [ "x", "e8f3fae0f4a43a88eae235a8b79794d72e8f14b0e103a0fed1e073d8fb53d51f", "/amethyst.png", "20487", "image/png" ], [ "x", "70bd5836807b916d79e9c4e67e8b07e3e3b53f4acbb95c7521b11039a3c975c6", "/nos.png", "36521", "image/png" ], [ "x", "0fc304630279e0c5ab2da9c2769e3a3178c47b8609b447a30916244e89abbc52", "/primal.png", "29343", "image/png" ], [ "x", "9a03824a73d4af192d893329bbc04cd3798542ee87af15051aaf9376b74b25d4", "/coracle.png", "18300", "image/png" ], [ "x", "accdc0cdc048f4719bb5e1da4ff4c6ffc1a4dbb7cf3afbd19b86940c01111568", "/iris.png", "24070", "image/png" ], [ "x", "2e740f2514d6188e350d95cf4756bbf455d2f95e6a09bc64e94f5031bc4bba8f", "/damus.png", "32758", "image/png" ], [ "x", "2e019f08da0c75fb9c40d81947e511c8f0554763bffb6d23a7b9b8c9e8c84abb", "/old emojis/astral.png", "29365", "image/png" ], [ "x", "d97f842f2511ce0491fe0de208c6135b762f494a48da59926ce15acfdb6ac17e", "/other/rabbit.png", "19803", "image/png" ], [ "x", "72cb99b689b4cfe1a9fb6937f779f3f9c65094bf0e6ac72a8f8261efa96653f5", "/blossom.png", "4393", "image/png" ] ] }

There is a lot going on but the main thing is the list of "x" tags and the path that describes the folder and filename the blob should live at

If your interested, the full event definition is at github.com/hzrd149/blossom-drive

Getting started

Like every good nostr client it takes a small instruction manual in order to use it properly. so here are the steps for getting started

1. Open the app

Open https://blossom.hzrd149.com

2. Login using extension

You can also login using any of the following methods using the input - NIP-46 with your https://nsec.app or https://flare.pub account - a NIP-46 connection string - an ncryptsec password protected private key - a nsec unprotected private key (please don't) - bunker:// URI from nsecbunker

3. Add a blossom server

Right now https://cdn.satellite.earth is the only public server that is compatible with blossom drive. If you want to host your own I've written a basic implementation in TypeScript github.com/hzrd149/blossom-server

4. Start uploading your files

NOTE: All files upload to blossom drive are public by default. DO NOT upload private files

5. Manage files

Encrypted drives

There is also the option to encrypt drives using NIP-49 password encryption. although its not tested at all so don't trust it, verify

Whats next?

I don't know, but Im excited to see what everyone else on nostr builds with this. I'm only one developer at the end of the day and I can't think of everything

also all the images in this article are stored in one of my blossom drives here

nostr:naddr1qvzqqqrhvvpzqfngzhsvjggdlgeycm96x4emzjlwf8dyyzdfg4hefp89zpkdgz99qq8xzun5d93kcefdd9kkzem9wvr46jka

@ f977c464:32fcbe00

Güneşin kaybolmasının üçüncü günü, saat öğlen on ikiyi yirmi geçiyordu. Trenin kalkmasına yaklaşık iki saat vardı. Hepimiz perondaydık. Valizlerimiz, kolilerimiz, renk renk ve biçimsiz çantalarımızla yan yana dizilmiş, kısa aralıklarla tepemizdeki devasa saati kontrol ediyorduk.

Ama ne kadar dik bakarsak bakalım zaman bir türlü istediğimiz hızla ilerlemiyordu. Herkes birkaç dakika sürmesi gereken alelade bir doğa olayına sıkışıp kalmış, karanlıktan sürünerek çıkmayı deniyordu.

Bekleme salonuna doğru döndüm. Nefesimden çıkan buharın arkasında, kalın taş duvarları ve camlarıyla morg kadar güvenli ve soğuk duruyordu. Cesetleri o yüzden bunun gibi yerlere taşımaya başlamışlardı. Demek insanların bütün iyiliği başkaları onları gördüğü içindi ki gündüzleri gecelerden daha karanlık olduğunda hemen birbirlerinin gırtlağına çökmüş, böğürlerinde delikler açmış, gözlerini oyup kafataslarını parçalamışlardı.

İstasyonun ışığı titrediğinde karanlığın enseme saplandığını hissettim. Eğer şimdi, böyle kalabalık bir yerde elektrik kesilse başımıza ne gelirdi?

İçerideki askerlerden biri bakışlarımı yakalayınca yeniden saate odaklanmış gibi yaptım. Sadece birkaç dakika geçmişti.

“Tarlalarım gitti. Böyle boyum kadar ayçiçeği doluydu. Ah, hepsi ölüp gidiyor. Afitap’ın çiçekleri de gi-”

“Dayı, Allah’ını seversen sus. Hepimizi yakacaksın şimdi.”

Karanlıkta durduğunda, görünmez olmayı istemeye başlıyordun. Kimse seni görmemeli, nefesini bile duymamalıydı. Kimsenin de ayağının altında dolaşmamalıydın; gelip kazayla sana çarpmamalılar, takılıp sendelememeliydiler. Yoksa aslında hedefi sen olmadığın bir öfke gürlemeye başlar, yaşadığın ilk şoku ve acıyı silerek üstünden geçerdi.

İlk konuşan, yaşlıca bir adam, kafasında kasketi, nasırlı ellerine hohluyordu. Gözleri ve burnu kızarmıştı. Güneşin kaybolması onun için kendi başına bir felaket değildi. Hayatına olan pratik yansımalarından korkuyordu olsa olsa. Bir anının kaybolması, bu yüzden çoktan kaybettiği birinin biraz daha eksilmesi. Hayatta kalmasını gerektiren sebepler azalırken, hayatta kalmasını sağlayacak kaynaklarını da kaybediyordu.

Onu susturan delikanlıysa atkısını bütün kafasına sarmış, sakalı ve yüzünün derinliklerine kaçmış gözleri dışında bedeninin bütün parçalarını gizlemeye çalışıyordu. İşte o, güneşin kaybolmasının tam olarak ne anlama geldiğini anlamamış olsa bile, dehşetini olduğu gibi hissedebilenlerdendi.

Güneşin onlardan alındıktan sonra kime verileceğini sormuyorlardı. En başta onlara verildiğinde de hiçbir soru sormamışlardı zaten.

İki saat ne zaman geçer?

Midemin üstünde, sağ tarafıma doğru keskin bir acı hissettim. Karaciğerim. Gözlerimi yumdum. Yanımda biri metal bir nesneyi yere bıraktı. Bir kafesti. İçerisindeki kartalın ıslak kokusu burnuma ulaşmadan önce bile biliyordum bunu.

“Yeniden mi?” diye sordu bana kartal. Kanatları kanlı. Zamanın her bir parçası tüylerinin üstüne çöreklenmişti. Gagası bir şey, tahminen et parçası geveliyor gibi hareket ediyordu. Eski anılar kolay unutulmazmış. Şu anda kafesinin kalın parmaklıklarının ardında olsa da bunun bir aldatmaca olduğunu bir tek ben biliyordum. Her an kanatlarını iki yana uzatıverebilir, hava bu hareketiyle dalgalanarak kafesi esneterek hepimizi içine alacak kadar genişleyebilir, parmaklıklar önce ayaklarımızın altına serilir gibi gözükebilir ama aslında hepimizin üstünde yükselerek tepemize çökebilirdi.

Aşağıya baktım. Tahtalarla zapt edilmiş, hiçbir yere gidemeyen ama her yere uzanan tren rayları. Atlayıp koşsam… Çantam çok ağırdı. Daha birkaç adım atamadan, kartal, suratını bedenime gömerdi.

“Bu sefer farklı,” diye yanıtladım onu. “Yeniden diyemezsin. Tekrarladığım bir şey değil bu. Hatta bir hata yapıyormuşum gibi tonlayamazsın da. Bu sefer, insanların hak etmediğini biliyorum.”

“O zaman daha vahim. Süzme salaksın demektir.”

“İnsanların hak etmemesi, insanlığın hak etmediği anlamına gelmez ki.”

Az önce göz göze geldiğim genççe ama çökük asker hâlâ bana bakıyordu. Bir kartalla konuştuğumu anlamamıştı şüphesiz. Yanımdakilerden biriyle konuştuğumu sanmış olmalıydı. Ama konuştuğum kişiye bakmıyordum ona göre. Çekingence kafamı eğmiştim. Bir kez daha göz göze geldiğimizde içerideki diğer iki askere bir şeyler söyledi, onlar dönüp beni süzerken dışarı çıktı.

Yanımızdaki, az önce konuşan iki adam da şaşkınlıkla bir bana bir kartala bakıyordu.

“Yalnız bu sefer kalbin de kırılacak, Prometheus,” dedi kartal, bana. “Belki son olur. Biliyorsun, bir sürü soruna neden oluyor bu yaptıkların.”

Beni koruyordu sözde. En çok kanıma dokunan buydu. Kasıklarımın üstüne oturmuş, kanlı suratının ardında gözleri parlarken attığı çığlık kulaklarımda titremeye devam ediyordu. Bu tabloda kimsenin kimseyi düşündüğü yoktu. Kartalın, yanımızdaki adamların, artık arkama kadar gelmiş olması gereken askerin, tren raylarının, geçmeyen saatlerin…

Arkamı döndüğümde, asker sahiden oradaydı. Zaten öyle olması gerekiyordu; görmüştüm bunu, biliyordum. Kehanetler… Bir şeyler söylüyordu ama ağzı oynarken sesi çıkmıyordu. Yavaşlamış, kendisini saatin akışına uydurmuştu. Havada donan tükürüğünden anlaşılıyordu, sinirliydi. Korktuğu için olduğunu biliyordum. Her seferinde korkmuşlardı. Beni unutmuş olmaları işlerini kolaylaştırmıyordu. Sadece yeni bir isim vermelerine neden oluyordu. Bu seferkiyle beni lanetleyecekleri kesinleşmişti.

Olması gerekenle olanların farklı olması ne kadar acınasıydı. Olması gerekenlerin doğasının kötücül olmasıysa bir yerde buna dayanıyordu.

“Salaksın,” dedi kartal bana. Zamanı aşan bir çığlık. Hepimizin önüne geçmişti ama kimseyi durduramıyordu.

Sonsuzluğa kaç tane iki saat sıkıştırabilirsiniz?

Ben bir tane bile sıkıştıramadım.

Çantama uzanıyordum. Asker de sırtındaki tüfeğini indiriyordu. Benim acelem yoktu, onunsa eli ayağı birbirine dolaşıyordu. Oysaki her şey tam olması gerektiği anda olacaktı. Kehanet başkasının parmaklarının ucundaydı.

Güneş, bir tüfeğin patlamasıyla yeryüzüne doğdu.

Rayların üzerine serilmiş göğsümün ortasından, bir çantanın içinden.

Not: Bu öykü ilk olarak 2021 yılında Esrarengiz Hikâyeler'de yayımlanmıştır.

@ 9c47bb51:000381d0

Black Community Needs Bitcoin: A Path Toward Financial Freedom

In too many #Black communities, especially in low-income neighborhoods and inner cities, the financial system is stacked against us. The current system is riddled with predatory practices like cash advance places, payday loan companies, and check-cashing services that prey on our vulnerability. They promise quick money but trap us in endless cycles of debt with sky-high interest rates. These businesses thrive in areas where traditional banking is scarce, leaving people with limited options and even fewer chances to get ahead financially.

This is where Bitcoin comes in. Bitcoin is not just digital money; it’s a completely different financial system—one that doesn’t discriminate, charge you outrageous fees, or lock you into a vicious cycle. It’s decentralized, meaning there’s no middleman taking a cut of your hard-earned money. With Bitcoin, you can be your own bank. No credit checks. No account minimums. No barriers.

Imagine what this could mean for our community. Instead of cash advance places sucking wealth out of our neighborhoods, we could use Bitcoin to build wealth locally. It allows for peer-to-peer transactions, which means we can support Black-owned businesses directly without third-party fees. Small businesses in the community could save money by using Bitcoin instead of traditional payment processors that take a percentage of every sale. Those savings could go back into the business and, in turn, into the community.

On a personal level, embracing Bitcoin can help us break free from the cycle of paycheck-to-paycheck living. Bitcoin is a way to save money in an asset that historically appreciates over time, especially compared to cash, which loses value due to inflation. It’s not just about surviving, it’s about thriving. By understanding and adopting Bitcoin, we empower ourselves to create generational wealth, something the Black community has been systematically denied for far too long.

The future, if we embrace Bitcoin, could look radically different. Small local Black businesses could thrive, reinvesting in our neighborhoods and creating job opportunities. Families could save money in Bitcoin to hedge against inflation and build a safety net. The financial power we’ve been denied for so long could finally be in our hands. But this future depends on education and taking the first steps. We need to learn how to use Bitcoin safely and teach one another how to make it work for us.

The current system wasn’t built to serve us, but #Bitcoin gives us the opportunity to build a system of our own. It’s time to break free from predatory institutions and create a financial future rooted in empowerment, equality, and independence. If we invest in ourselves and our community using tools like Bitcoin, there’s no limit to what we can achieve. The choice is ours, and the time is now.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

O Planetinha

Fumaça verde me entrando pelas narinas e um coro desafinado fazia uma base melódica.

nos confins da galáxia havia um planetinha isolado. Era um planeta feliz.

O homem vestido de mago começava a aparecer por detrás da fumaça verde.

O planetinha recebeu três presentes, mas o seu habitante, o homem, estava num estado de confusão tão grande que ameaçava estragá-los. Os homens já havia escravizado o primeiro presente, a vida; lutavam contra o segundo presente, a morte; e havia alguns que achavam que deviam destruir totalmente o terceiro, o amor, e com isto levar a desordem total ao pobre planetinha perdido, que se chamava Terra.

O coro desafinado entrou antes do "Terra" cantando várias vezes, como se imitasse um eco, "terra-terra-terraaa". Depois de uma pausa dramática, o homem vestido de mago voltou a falar.

Terra, nossa nave mãe.

Neste momento eu me afastei. À frente do palco onde o mago e seu coral faziam apelos à multidão havia vários estandes cobertos com a tradicional armação de quatro pernas e lona branca. Em todos os cantos da praça havia gente, gente dos mais variados tipos. Visitantes curiosos que se aproximavam atraídos pela fumaça verde e as barraquinhas, gente que aproveitava o movimento para vender doces sem pagar imposto, casais que se abraçavam de pé para espantar o frio, os tradicionais corredores que faziam seu cooper, gente cheia de barba e vestida para imitar os hippies dos anos 60 e vender colares estendidos no chão, transeuntes novos e velhos, vestidos como baladeiros ou como ativistas do ônibus grátis, grupos de ciclistas entusiastas.

O mago fazia agora apelos para que nós, os homens, habitantes do isolado planetinha, passássemos a ver o planetinha, nossa nave mãe, como um todo, e adquiríssemos a consciência de que ele estava entrando em maus lençóis. A idéia, reforçada pela logomarca do evento, era que parássemos de olhar só para a nossa vida e pensássemos no planeta.

A logomarca do evento, um desenho estilizado do planeta Terra, nada tinha a ver com seu nome: "Festival Andando de Bem com a Vida", mas havia sido ali colocada estrategicamente pelos organizadores, de quem parecia justamente sair a mensagem dita pelo mago.

Aquela multidão de pessoas que, assim como eu, tinham suas próprias preocupações, não podiam ver o quadro caótico que formavam, cada uma com seus atos isolados, ali naquela praça isolada, naquele planeta isolado. Quando o hippie barbudo, quase um Osho, assustava um casal para tentar vender-lhes um colar, a quantidade de caos que isto acrescentava à cena era gigantesca. Por um segundo, pude ver, como se estivesse de longe e acima, com toda a pretensão que este estado imaginativo carrega, a cena completa do caos.

---

Uma nave-mãe, dessas de ficção científica, habitada por milhões de pessoas, seguia no espaço sem rumo, e sem saber que logo à frente um longo precipício espacial a esperava, para a desgraça completa sua e de seus habitantes.

Acostumados àquela nave tanto quanto outrora estiveram acostumados à sua terra natal, os homens viviam as próprias vidas sem nem se lembrar que estavam vagando pelo espaço. Ninguém sabia quem estava conduzindo a nave, e ninguém se importava.

No final do filme descobre-se que era a soma completa do caos que cada habitante produzia, com seus gestos egoístas e incapazes de levar em conta a totalidade, é que determinava a direção da nave-mãe. O efeito, no entanto, não era imediato, como nunca é. Havia gente de verdade encarregada de conduzir a nave, mas era uma gente bêbada, mau-caráter, que vivia brigando pelo controle da nave e o poder que isto lhes dava. Poder, status, dinheiro!

Essa gente bêbada era atraída até ali pela corrupção das instituições e da moral comum que, no fundo no fundo, era causada pelo egoísmo da população, através de um complexo -- mas que no filme aparece simplificado pela ação individual de um magnata do divertimento público -- processo social.

O homem vestido de mago era mais um agente causador de caos, com sua cena cheia de fumaça e sua roupa estroboscópica, ele achava que estava fazendo o bem ao alertar sua platéia, todos as sextas-feiras, de que havia algo que precisava ser feito, que cada um que estava ali ouvindo era responsável pelo planeta. A sua incapacidade, porém, de explicar o que precisava ser feito só aumentava a angústia geral; a culpa que ele jogava sobre seu público, e que era prontamente aceita e passada em frente, aos familiares e amigos de cada um, atormentava-os diariamente e os impedia de ter uma vida decente no trabalho e em casa. As famílias, estressadas, estavam constantemente brigando e os motivos mais insignificantes eram responsáveis pelas mais horrendas conseqüências.

O mago, que após o show tirava o chapéu entortado e ia tomar cerveja num boteco, era responsável por uma parcela considerável do caos que levava a nave na direção do seu desgraçado fim. No filme, porém, um dos transeuntes que de passagem ouviu um pedaço do discurso do mago despertou em si mesmo uma consiência transformadora e, com poderes sobre-humanos que lhe foram então concedidos por uma ordem iniciática do bem ou não, usando só os seus poderes humanos mesmo, o transeunte -- na primeira versão do filme um homem, na segunda uma mulher -- consegue consertar as instituições e retirar os bêbados da condução da máquina. A questão da moral pública é ignorada para abreviar a trama, já com duas horas e quarenta de duração, mas subentende-se que ela também fora resolvida.

---

No planeta Terra real, que não está indo em direção alguma, preso pela gravidade ao Sol, e onde as pessoas vivem a própria vida porque lhes é impossível viver a dos outros, não têm uma consciência global de nada porque só é possível mesmo ter a consciência delas mesmas, e onde a maioria, de uma maneira ou de outra, está tentando como pode, fazer as coisas direito, o filme é exibido.

Para a maioria dos espectadores, é um filme que evoca reflexões, um filme forte. Por um segundo elas têm o mesmo vislumbre do caos generalizado que eu tive ali naquela praça. Para uma pequena parcela dos espectadores -- entre eles alguns dos que estavam na platéia do mago, o próprio mago, o seguidor do Osho, o casal de duas mulheres e o vendedor de brigadeiros, mas aos quais se somam também críticos de televisão e jornal e gente que fala pelos cotovelos na internet -- o filme é um horror, o filme é uma vulgarização de um problema real e sério, o filme apela para a figura do herói salvador e passa uma mensagem totalmente errada, de que a maioria da população pode continuar vivendo as suas própria vidinhas miseráveis enquanto espera por um herói que vem do Olimpo e os salva da mixórdia que eles mesmos causaram, é um filme que presta um enorme desserviço à causa.

No dia seguinte ao lançamento, num bar meio caro ali perto da praça, numa mesa com oito pessoas, entre elas seis do primeiro grupo e oito do segundo, discute-se se o filme levará ou não o Oscar. Eu estou em casa dormindo e não escuto nada.

@ f977c464:32fcbe00

Kendisini aynada ilk defa gördüğü o gün, diğerleri gibi olduğunu anlamıştı. Oysaki her insan biricik olmalıydı. Sözgelimi sinirlendiğinde bir kaşı diğerinden birkaç milimetre daha az çatılabilirdi veya sevindiğinde dudağı ona has bir açıyla dalgalanabilirdi. Hatta bunların hiçbiri mümkün değilse, en azından, gözlerinin içinde sadece onun sahip olabileceği bir ışık parlayabilirdi. Çok sıradan, öyle sıradan ki kimsenin fark etmediği o milyonlarca minik şeyden herhangi biri. Ne olursa.

Ama yansımasına bakarken bunların hiçbirini bulamadı ve diğer günlerden hiç de farklı başlamamış o gün, işe gitmek için vagonunun gelmesini beklediği alelade bir metro istasyonunda, içinde kaybolduğu illüzyon dağılmaya başladı.

İlk önce derisi döküldü. Tam olarak dökülmedi aslında, daha çok kıvılcımlara dönüşüp bedeninden fırlamış ve bir an sonra sönerek külleşmiş, havada dağılmıştı. Ardında da, kaybolmadan hemen önce, kısa süre için hayal meyal görülebilen, bir ruhun yok oluşuna ağıt yakan rengârenk peri cesetleri bırakmıştı. Beklenenin aksine, havaya toz kokusu yayıldı.

Dehşete düştü elbette. Dehşete düştüler. Panikle üstlerini yırtan 50 işçi. Her şeyin sebebiyse o vagon.

Saçları da döküldü. Her tel, yere varmadan önce, her santimde ikiye ayrıla ayrıla yok oldu.

Bütün yüzeylerin mat olduğu, hiçbir şeyin yansımadığı, suyun siyah aktığı ve kendine ancak kameralarla bakabildiğin bir dünyada, vagonun içine yerleştirilmiş bir aynadan ilk defa kendini görmek.

Gözlerinin akları buharlaşıp havada dağıldı, mercekleri boşalan yeri doldurmak için eriyip yayıldı. Gerçeği görmemek için yaratılmış, bu yüzden görmeye hazır olmayan ve hiç olmayacak gözler.

Her şeyin o anda sona erdiğini sanabilirdi insan. Derin bir karanlık ve ölüm. Görmenin görmek olduğu o anın bitişi.

---

Ben geldiğimde ölmüşlerdi.

Yani bozulmuşlardı demek istiyorum.

Belleklerini yeni taşıyıcılara takmam mümkün olmadı. Fiziksel olarak kusursuz durumdaydılar, olmayanları da tamir edebilirdim ama tüm o hengamede kendilerini baştan programlamış ve girdilerini modifiye etmişlerdi.

Belleklerden birini masanın üzerinden ileriye savurdu. Hınca hınç dolu bir barda oturuyorlardı. O ve arkadaşı.

Sırf şu kendisini insan sanan androidler travma geçirip delirmesin diye neler yapıyoruz, insanın aklı almıyor.

Eliyle arkasını işaret etti.

Polislerin söylediğine göre biri vagonun içerisine ayna yerleştirmiş. Bu zavallılar da kapı açılıp bir anda yansımalarını görünce kafayı kırmışlar.

Arkadaşı bunların ona ne hissettirdiğini sordu. Yani o kadar bozuk, insan olduğunu sanan androidi kendilerini parçalamış olarak yerde görmek onu sarsmamış mıydı?

Hayır, sonuçta belirli bir amaç için yaratılmış şeyler onlar. Kaliteli bir bilgisayarım bozulduğunda üzülürüm çünkü parasını ben vermişimdir. Bunlarsa devletin. Bana ne ki?

Arkadaşı anlayışla kafasını sallayıp suyundan bir yudum aldı. Kravatını biraz gevşetti.

Bira istemediğinden emin misin?

İstemediğini söyledi. Sahi, neden deliriyordu bu androidler?

Basit. Onların yapay zekâlarını kodlarken bir şeyler yazıyorlar. Yazılımcılar. Biliyorsun, ben donanımdayım. Bunlar da kendilerini insan sanıyorlar. Tiplerine bak.

Sesini alçalttı.

Arabalarda kaza testi yapılan mankenlere benziyor hepsi. Ağızları burunları bile yok ama şu geldiğimizden beri sakalını düzeltip duruyor mesela. Hayır, hepsi de diğerleri onun sakalı varmış sanıyor, o manyak bir şey.

Arkadaşı bunun delirmeleriyle bağlantısını çözemediğini söyledi. O da normal sesiyle konuşmaya devam etti.

Anlasana, aynayı falan ayırt edemiyor mercekleri. Lönk diye kendilerini görüyorlar. Böyle, olduğu gibi...

Nedenmiş peki? Ne gerek varmış?

Ne bileyim be abicim! Ahiret soruları gibi.

Birasına bakarak dalıp gitti. Sonra masaya abanarak arkadaşına iyice yaklaştı. Bulanık, bir tünelin ucundaki biri gibi, şekli şemalı belirsiz bir adam.

Ben seni nereden tanıyorum ki ulan? Kimsin sen?

Belleği makineden çıkardılar. İki kişiydiler. Soruşturmadan sorumlu memurlar.

─ Baştan mı başlıyoruz, diye sordu belleği elinde tutan ilk memur.

─ Bir kere daha deneyelim ama bu sefer direkt aynayı sorarak başla, diye cevapladı ikinci memur.

─ Bence de. Yeterince düzgün çalışıyor.

Simülasyon yüklenirken, ayakta, biraz arkada duran ve alnını kaşıyan ikinci memur sormaktan kendisini alamadı:

─ Bu androidleri niye böyle bir olay yerine göndermişler ki? Belli tost olacakları. İsraf. Gidip biz baksak aynayı kırıp delilleri mahvetmek zorunda da kalmazlar.

Diğer memur sandalyesinde hafifçe dönecek oldu, o sırada soruyu bilgisayarın hoparlöründen teknisyen cevapladı.

Hangi işimizde bir yamukluk yok ki be abi.

---

Ama bir son değildi. Üstlerindeki tüm illüzyon dağıldığında ve çıplak, cinsiyetsiz, birbirinin aynı bedenleriyle kaldıklarında sıra dünyaya gelmişti.

Yere düştüler. Elleri -bütün bedeni gibi siyah turmalinden, boğumları çelikten- yere değdiği anda, metronun zemini dağıldı.

Yerdeki karolar öncesinde beyazdı ve çok parlaktı. Tepelerindeki floresan, ışığını olduğu gibi yansıtıyor, tek bir lekenin olmadığı ve tek bir tozun uçmadığı istasyonu aydınlatıyorlardı.

Duvarlara duyurular asılmıştı. Örneğin, yarın akşam kültür merkezinde 20.00’da başlayacak bir tekno blues festivalinin cıvıl cıvıl afişi vardı. Onun yanında daha geniş, sarı puntolu harflerle yazılmış, yatay siyah kesiklerle çerçevesi çizilmiş, bir platformdan düşen çöp adamın bulunduğu “Dikkat! Sarı bandı geçmeyin!” uyarısı. Biraz ilerisinde günlük resmi gazete, onun ilerisinde bir aksiyon filminin ve başka bir romantik komedi filminin afişleri, yapılacakların ve yapılmayacakların söylendiği küçük puntolu çeşitli duyurular... Duvar uzayıp giden bir panoydu. On, on beş metrede bir tekrarlanıyordu.

Tüm istasyonun eni yüz metre kadar. Genişliği on metre civarı.

Önlerinde, açık kapısından o mendebur aynanın gözüktüğü vagon duruyordu. Metro, istasyona sığmayacak kadar uzundu. Bir kılıcın keskinliğiyle uzanıyor ama yer yer vagonların ek yerleriyle bölünüyordu.

Hiçbir vagonda pencere olmadığı için metronun içi, içlerindekiler meçhuldü.

Sonrasında karolar zerrelerine ayrılarak yükseldi. Floresanın ışığında her yeri toza boğdular ve ortalığı gri bir sisin altına gömdüler. Çok kısa bir an. Afişleri dalgalandırmadılar. Dalgalandırmaya vakitleri olmadı. Yerlerinden söküp aldılar en fazla. Işık birkaç kere sönüp yanarak direndi. Son kez söndüğünde bir daha geri gelmedi.

Yine de etraf aydınlıktı. Kırmızı, her yere eşit dağılan soluk bir ışıkla.

Yer tamamen tele dönüşmüştü. Altında çapraz hatlarla desteklenmiş demir bir iskelet. Işık birkaç metreden daha fazla aşağıya uzanamıyordu. Sonsuzluğa giden bir uçurum.

Duvarın yerini aynı teller ve demir iskelet almıştı. Arkasında, birbirine vidalarla tutturulmuş demir plakalardan oluşan, üstünden geçen boruların ek yerlerinden bazen ince buharların çıktığı ve bir süre asılı kaldıktan sonra ağır, yağlı bir havayla sürüklendiği bir koridor.

Diğer tarafta paslanmış, pencerelerindeki camlar kırıldığı için demir plakalarla kapatılmış külüstür bir metro. Kapının karşısındaki aynadan her şey olduğu gibi yansıyordu.

---

Bir konteynırın içini andıran bir evde, gerçi gayet de birbirine eklenmiş konteynırlardan oluşan bir şehirde “andıran” demek doğru olmayacağı için düpedüz bir konteynırın içinde, masaya mum görüntüsü vermek için koyulmuş, yarı katı yağ atıklarından şekillendirilmiş kütleleri yakmayı deniyordu. Kafasında hayvan kıllarından yapılmış grili siyahlı bir peruk. Aynı kıllardan kendisine gür bir bıyık da yapmıştı.

Üstünde mavi çöp poşetlerinden yapılmış, kravatlı, şık bir takım.

Masanın ayakları yerine oradan buradan çıkmış parçalar konulmuştu: bir arabanın şaft mili, üst üste konulmuş ve üstünde yazı okunamayan tenekeler, boş kitaplar, boş gazete balyaları... Hiçbir şeye yazı yazılmıyordu, gerek yoktu da zaten çünkü merkez veri bankası onları fark ettirmeden, merceklerden giren veriyi sentezleyerek insanlar için dolduruyordu. Yani, androidler için. Farklı şekilde isimlendirmek bir fark yaratacaksa.

Onların mercekleri için değil. Bağlantıları çok önceden kopmuştu.

─ Hayatım, sofra hazır, diye bağırdı yatak odasındaki karısına.

Sofrada tabak yerine düz, bardak yerine bükülmüş, çatal ve bıçak yerine sivriltilmiş plakalar.

Karısı salonun kapısında durakladı ve ancak kulaklarına kadar uzanan, kocasınınkine benzeyen, cansız, ölü hayvanların kıllarından ibaret peruğunu eliyle düzeltti. Dudağını, daha doğrusu dudağının olması gereken yeri koyu kırmızı bir yağ tabakasıyla renklendirmeyi denemişti. Biraz da yanaklarına sürmüştü.

─ Nasıl olmuş, diye sordu.

Sesi tek düzeydi ama hafif bir neşe olduğunu hissettiğinize yemin edebilirdiniz.

Üzerinde, çöp poşetlerinin içini yazısız gazete kağıtlarıyla doldurarak yaptığı iki parça giysi.

─ Çok güzelsin, diyerek kravatını düzeltti kocası.

─ Sen de öylesin, sevgilim.

Yaklaşıp kocasını öptü. Kocası da onu. Sonra nazikçe elinden tutarak, sandalyesini geriye çekerek oturmasına yardım etti.

Sofrada yemek niyetine hiçbir şey yoktu. Gerek de yoktu zaten.

Konteynırın kapısı gürültüyle tekmelenip içeri iki memur girene kadar birbirlerine öyküler anlattılar. O gün neler yaptıklarını. İşten erken çıkıp yemyeşil çimenlerde gezdiklerini, uçurtma uçurduklarını, kadının nasıl o elbiseyi bulmak için saatlerce gezip yorulduğunu, kocasının kısa süreliğine işe dönüp nasıl başarılı bir hamleyle yaşanan krizi çözdüğünü ve kadının yanına döndükten sonra, alışveriş merkezinde oturdukları yeni dondurmacının dondurmalarının ne kadar lezzetli olduğunu, boğazlarının ağrımasından korktuklarını...

Akşam film izleyebilirlerdi, televizyonda -boş ve mat bir plaka- güzel bir film oynayacaktı.

İki memur. Çıplak bedenleriyle birbirinin aynı. Ellerindeki silahları onlara doğrultmuşlardı. Mum ışığında, tertemiz bir örtünün serili olduğu masada, bardaklarında şaraplarla oturan ve henüz sofranın ortasındaki hindiye dokunmamış çifti gördüklerinde bocaladılar.

Hiç de androidlere bilinçli olarak zarar verebilecek gibi gözükmüyorlardı.

─ Sessiz kalma hakkına sahipsiniz, diye bağırdı içeri giren ikinci memur. Söylediğiniz her şey...

Cümlesini bitiremedi. Yatak odasındaki, masanın üzerinden gördüğü o şey, onunla aynı hareketleri yapan android, yoksa, bir aynadaki yansıması mıydı?

Bütün illüzyon o anda dağılmaya başladı.

Not: Bu öykü ilk olarak 2020 yılında Esrarengiz Hikâyeler'de yayımlanmıştır.

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Embarking on the journey of operating your own Lightning node on the Bitcoin Layer 2 network is more than just a tech-savvy endeavor; it's a step into a realm of financial autonomy and cutting-edge innovation. By running a node, you become a vital part of a revolutionary movement that's reshaping how we think about money and digital transactions. This role not only offers a unique perspective on blockchain technology but also places you at the heart of a community dedicated to decentralization and network resilience. Beyond the technicalities, it's about embracing a new era of digital finance, where you contribute directly to the network's security, efficiency, and growth, all while gaining personal satisfaction and potentially lucrative rewards.

In essence, running your own Lightning node is a powerful way to engage with the forefront of blockchain technology, assert financial independence, and contribute to a more decentralized and efficient Bitcoin network. It's an adventure that offers both personal and communal benefits, from gaining in-depth tech knowledge to earning a place in the evolving landscape of cryptocurrency.

Running your own Lightning node for the Bitcoin Layer 2 network can be an empowering and beneficial endeavor. Here are 10 reasons why you might consider taking on this task:

1. Direct Contribution to Decentralization: Operating a node is a direct action towards decentralizing the Bitcoin network, crucial for its security and resistance to control or censorship by any single entity.

2. Financial Autonomy: Owning a node gives you complete control over your financial transactions on the network, free from reliance on third-party services, which can be subject to fees, restrictions, or outages.

3. Advanced Network Participation: As a node operator, you're not just a passive participant but an active player in shaping the network, influencing its efficiency and scalability through direct involvement.

4. Potential for Higher Revenue: With strategic management and optimal channel funding, your node can become a preferred route for transactions, potentially increasing the routing fees you can earn.

5. Cutting-Edge Technological Engagement: Running a node puts you at the forefront of blockchain and bitcoin technology, offering insights into future developments and innovations.

6. Strengthened Network Security: Each new node adds to the robustness of the Bitcoin network, making it more resilient against attacks and failures, thus contributing to the overall security of the ecosystem.

7. Personalized Fee Structures: You have the flexibility to set your own fee policies, which can balance earning potential with the service you provide to the network.

8. Empowerment Through Knowledge: The process of setting up and managing a node provides deep learning opportunities, empowering you with knowledge that can be applied in various areas of blockchain and fintech.

9. Boosting Transaction Capacity: By running a node, you help to increase the overall capacity of the Lightning Network, enabling more transactions to be processed quickly and at lower costs.

10. Community Leadership and Reputation: As an active node operator, you gain recognition within the Bitcoin community, which can lead to collaborative opportunities and a position of thought leadership in the space.

These reasons demonstrate the impactful and transformative nature of running a Lightning node, appealing to those who are deeply invested in the principles of bitcoin and wish to actively shape its future. Jump aboard, and embrace the journey toward full independence. 🐶🐾🫡🚀🚀🚀

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Chef's notes

Serving these two dishes together will create a delightful centerpiece for your Thanksgiving meal, offering a perfect blend of traditional flavors with a homemade touch.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 min
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 - 2 hours
• 🍽️ Servings: 4-6

Ingredients

• 1 whole turkey (about 12-14 lbs), thawed and ready to cook
• 1 cup unsalted butter, softened
• 2 tablespoons fresh thyme, chopped
• 2 tablespoons fresh rosemary, chopped
• 2 tablespoons fresh sage, chopped
• Salt and freshly ground black pepper
• 1 onion, quartered
• 1 lemon, halved
• 2-3 cloves of garlic
• Apple and Sage Stuffing
• 1 loaf of crusty bread, cut into cubes
• 2 apples, cored and chopped
• 1 onion, diced
• 2 stalks celery, diced
• 3 cloves garlic, minced
• 1/4 cup fresh sage, chopped
• 1/2 cup unsalted butter
• 2 cups chicken broth
• Salt and pepper, to taste

Directions

1. Preheat the Oven: Set your oven to 325°F (165°C).
2. Prepare the Herb Butter: Mix the softened butter with the chopped thyme, rosemary, and sage. Season with salt and pepper.
3. Prepare the Turkey: Remove any giblets from the turkey and pat it dry. Loosen the skin and spread a generous amount of herb butter under and over the skin.
4. Add Aromatics: Inside the turkey cavity, place the quartered onion, lemon halves, and garlic cloves.
5. Roast: Place the turkey in a roasting pan. Tent with aluminum foil and roast. A general guideline is about 15 minutes per pound, or until the internal temperature reaches 165°F (74°C) at the thickest part of the thigh.
6. Rest and Serve: Let the turkey rest for at least 20 minutes before carving.
7. Next: Apple and Sage Stuffing
8. Dry the Bread: Spread the bread cubes on a baking sheet and let them dry overnight, or toast them in the oven.
9. Cook the Vegetables: In a large skillet, melt the butter and cook the onion, celery, and garlic until soft.
10. Combine Ingredients: Add the apples, sage, and bread cubes to the skillet. Stir in the chicken broth until the mixture is moist. Season with salt and pepper.
11. Bake: Transfer the stuffing to a baking dish and bake at 350°F (175°C) for about 30-40 minutes, until golden brown on top.

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Testing a brand new YakiHonne native client for iOS. Smooth as butter (not penis butter 🤣🍆🧈) with great visual experience and intuitive navigation. Amazing work by the team behind it! * lists * work

Bold text work!

Images could have used nostr.build instead of raw S3 from us-east-1 region.

Very impressive! You can even save the draft and continue later, before posting the long-form note!

🐶🐾🤯🤯🤯🫂💜

@ fa0165a0:03397073

I just tested building a browser plugin, it was easier than I thought. Here I'll walk you through the steps of creating a minimal working example of a browser plugin, a.k.a. the "Hello World" of browser plugins.

First of all there are two main browser platforms out there, Chromium and Mozilla. They do some things a little differently, but similar enough that we can build a plugin that works on both. This plugin will work in both, I'll describe the firefox version, but the chromium version is very similar.

What is a browser plugin?

Simply put, a browser plugin is a program that runs in the browser. It can do things like modify the content of a webpage, or add new functionality to the browser. It's a way to extend the browser with custom functionality. Common examples are ad blockers, password managers, and video downloaders.

In technical terms, they are plugins that can insert html-css-js into your browser experience.

How to build a browser plugin

Step 0: Basics

You'll need a computer, a text editor and a browser. For testing and development I personally think that the firefox developer edition is the easiest to work with. But any Chrome based browser will also do.

Create a working directory on your computer, name it anything you like. I'll call mine hello-world-browser-plugin. Open the directory and create a file called manifest.json. This is the most important file of your plugin, and it must be named exactly right.

Step 1: manifest.json

After creation open your file manifest.json in your text editor and paste the following code:

json { "manifest_version": 3, "name": "Hello World", "version": "1.0", "description": "A simple 'Hello World' browser extension", "content_scripts": [ { "matches": ["<all_urls>"], "js": ["hello.js"] //The name of your script file. // "css": ["hello.css"] //The name of your css file. } ] }

If you wonder what the json file format is, it's a normal text file with a special syntax such that a computer can easily read it. It's the json syntax you see in the code above. Let's go through what's being said here. (If you are not interested, just skip to the next step after pasting this we are done here.)

• manifest_version: This is the version of the manifest file format. It's currently at version 3, and it's the latest version. It's important that you set this to 3, otherwise your plugin won't work.
• name: This is the name of your plugin. It can be anything you like.
• version: This is the version of your plugin. It can be anything you like.
• description: This is the description of your plugin. It can be anything you like.
• content_scripts: This is where you define what your plugin does. It's a list of scripts that will be executed when the browser loads a webpage. In this case we have one script, called hello.js. It's the script that we'll create in the next step.
• matches: This is a list of urls that the script will be executed on. In this case we have <all_urls>, which means that the script will be executed on all urls. You can also specify a specific url, like https://brave.com/*, which means that the script will only be executed on urls that start with https://brave.com/.
• js: This is a list of javascript files that will be executed. In this case we have one file, called hello.js. It's the script that we'll create in the next step.
• css: This is where you can add a list of css files that will be executed. In this case we have none, but you can add css files here if you want to.
• //: Text following these two characters are comments. They are ignored by the computer, You can add comments anywhere you like, and they are a good way to document your code.

Step 2: hello.js

Now it's time to create another file in your project folder. This time we'll call it hello.js. When created, open it in your text editor and paste the following code:

js console.log("Hello World!"); That's javascript code, and it's what will be executed when you run your plugin. It's a simple console.log statement, which will print the text "Hello World!" to the console. The console is a place where the browser prints out messages, and it's a good place to start when debugging your plugin.

Step 3: Load and launch your plugin

Firefox

Now it's time to load your plugin into your browser. Open your browser and go to the url about:debugging#/runtime/this-firefox. You should see a page that looks something like this:

Click the button that says "Load Temporary Add-on...". A file dialog will open, navigate to your project folder and select the file manifest.json. Your plugin should now be loaded and running.

Go to a website, any website, and open the inspector then navigate to the console. You'll find the inspector by right-clicking anywhere within the webpage, and click "Inspector" in the drop-down menu. When opening the console you might see some log messages from the site you visited and... you should see the text "Hello World!" printed there, from our little plugin! Congratulations!

Chrome

Open your browser and go to the url chrome://extensions/. Click the button that says "Load unpacked". A file dialog will open, navigate to your project folder and select the folder hello-world-browser-plugin. Your plugin should now be loaded and running.

Note the difference, of selecting the file manifest.json in firefox, and selecting the folder hello-world-browser-plugin in chrome. Otherwise, the process is the same. So I'll repeat the same text as above: (for those who skipped ahead..)

Go to a website, any website, and open the inspector then navigate to the console. You'll find the inspector by right-clicking anywhere within the webpage, and click "Inspector" in the drop-down menu. When opening the console you might see some log messages from the site you visited and... you should see the text "Hello World!" printed there, from our little plugin! Congratulations!

---

As you can see this isn't as complicated as one might think. Having preformed a "Hello-World!"-project is a very useful and valuable first step. These setup steps are the basics for any browser plugin, and you can build on this to create more advanced plugins.

@ 5c89facf:bcb74ddb

A Short History of Canada’s Reserves

Most countries retain some gold as a hedge against economic uncertainty, as a hedge against inflation or currency crises, and to stabilize their economies. Canada instead has focused on foreign currency reserves, particularly in U.S. dollars, as its primary strategy for maintaining financial stability and as a safeguard against economic shocks. Canada also maintains investments in foreign government bonds like U.S. Treasury bonds and other high-quality securities to preserve the value of its reserves. Our treasury reserves are also comprised of special drawing rights (SDRs) allocated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to supplement foreign exchange reserves or to allow transactions between IMF member countries. SDRs are not a currency itself but represent a potential claim on the freely usable currencies of IMF member countries.

Official International Reserves — July 4, 2024

Canada sold off the last of its gold reserves under Trudeau in 2016. Trudeau’s government had a preference for assets that were more liquid and interest-bearing. The proceeds from the sale of gold were largely used to purchase foreign currencies (particularly US dollars, euros, and other major international currencies), high-quality government securities (especially U.S. Treasury bonds), and bolstering its holdings of SDRs. Canada opted for a modernized reserve composition to suit its (at the time) relatively stable and diversified economy. Ironically, Canada owns no gold but maintains a liquid gold reserve: a Strategic Maple Syrup Reserve.

Canada Gold Reserves

A New Strategic Reserve Asset

The financial world is atwitter with a controversial idea: Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset. The United States is contemplating the creation of a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve (SBR), an idea that is gaining traction between Senator Lummis’ legislative proposal and Trump’s intention to establish a cryptocurrency advisory council to potentially establish the SBR.

Excerpt from the proposed Bitcoin Act of 2024

Senator Cynthia Lummis has introduced the BITCOIN Act, which proposes the establishment of an SBR. The legislation suggests acquiring 1 million Bitcoin over five years (4.8% of the total Bitcoin supply), to be held for at least 20 years before potentially being used to reduce national debt. The reserve would be managed by the US Department of Treasury, utilizing existing funds to diversify the Federal Reserve’s assets without incurring new debt. The acquisition would be funded by reallocating existing Federal Reserve surplus funds and adjusting the valuation of gold certificates held by the Federal Reserve to reflect market values, with the gains used to buy Bitcoin. Additionally, Texas is contemplating introducing its own SBR legislation.

The US is not alone in their thinking, nor are they the first. Following the passing of the Bitcoin Law in 2021, the government of El Salvador continues to stockpile Bitcoin daily, with a total of 5,942 Bitcoin at present, while the Royal Government of Bhutan currently holds 12,218 Bitcoin from its mining operation.The US is not alone in their thinking, nor are they the first. Following the passing of the Bitcoin Law in 2021, the government of El Salvador continues to stockpile Bitcoin daily, with a total of 5,942 Bitcoin at present, while the Royal Government of Bhutan currently holds 12,218 Bitcoin from its mining operation.

What does this mean for Canada?

Canada is being left behind. Again. Our country faces economic challenges on multiple fronts. Canada has lagged in real GDP per capita growth among G7 nations since the pandemic, with a noticeable decline and a slower recovery compared to countries like the US.

The Canadian dollar’s value against the US dollar is in a long-time downward trend. With Trump’s win, the CAD is expected to decline further.

Canada’s major stock index, the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), has grown only by \~8% in recent years, significantly trailing behind international indices like the S&P 500.

Canada’s debt is outpacing it’s GDP growth and debt represents 216% of GDP.

Together, these indicators suggest that Canada faces slower economic growth, a weakening currency, lower stock market performance relative to other major economies, and a growing debt problem.

A Strategic Bitcoin Reserve for Canada

The establishment of an SBR by Canada could potentially address Canada’s economic and fiscal challenges in several ways.

An Alternative Hedge Against Currency Depreciation and Inflation

Canada could diversify its asset base beyond traditional currencies like the USD. Given the historical trend of the Canadian dollar weakening against the USD, Bitcoin could act as a hedge against further depreciation. If the Canadian dollar continues to weaken, holding Bitcoin could protect against the erosion of reserve value due to inflation or currency devaluation. Bitcoin’s limited supply and global demand could help stabilize, or even enhance the value of Canadian assets relative to the USD, especially if other nations also recognize Bitcoin’s value as a reserve asset — and given the likelihood of other countries following the US in creating an SBR, Trumps promise has kicked off a nation state race to accumulate Bitcoin.

An Alternative Hedge Against Globally Disruptive Events

Bitcoin has shown itself to be a flight to safety amid some of the most disruptive events over the last five years. As a decentralized and non-sovereign asset that is not tied to any one country, and without traditional counterparty risks, it offers unique protection against macro risks like banking system crises, sovereign debt crises, currency debasement, geopolitical disruptions, and country-specific economic or political risks.

From Blackrock’s 2024 report, Bitcoin: A Unique Diversifier

Investment Attraction and Economic Development

Establishing a Bitcoin reserve might signal to global investors that Canada is embracing Bitcoin, potentially attracting investment in both traditional and digital sectors. This could lead to increased capital inflows and stimulate growth in tech sectors, potentially boosting GDP per capita. Shifting Canada from a laggard to a leader in fintech and innovation within the G7, could lead to job creation, new industries, as well as revitalization in sectors like finance, energy (by way of Bitcoin mining), and software development.

Shoring-up Canada’s Balance Sheet

If Bitcoin continues to appreciates in value over time, the reserve could yield significant unrealized gains. While this wouldn’t directly affect GDP per capita, it could improve the balance sheet of the Canadian government, reducing the need for debt financing.

Source: Blackrock

Geopolitical and Trade Advantages

Holding Bitcoin could provide Canada with a degree of financial sovereignty. In an era where Bitcoin may challenge the dominance of the US dollar, Canada could leverage Bitcoin to negotiate trade deals or to assert more independence in global financial systems. With more countries potentially adopting Bitcoin as part of their reserves or for trade, a future exists with easier trade between countries without the need for traditional currency exchange, lower transaction costs, and faster trade processes.

Increased Market Confidence

If investors perceive that Canada is ahead of the curve, it could lead to increased confidence in the Canadian market. Confidence could translate into higher valuations for Canadian companies listed on the TSX, potentially narrowing the performance gap with indices like the S&P 500.

Potential Pathways for Acquiring Bitcoin

Utilizing Existing Reserves

Canada does not have the benefit of leveraging it’s existing gold reserves to acquire bitcoin as proposed by Senator Lummis’ BITCOIN Bill. If Canada were to add Bitcoin to its reserves, the decision on what to exchange for it would depend on the risk profile, liquidity needs, and strategic goals of its reserves.

Canada would likely exchange a small percentage of its foreign exchange reserves (such as US dollars and euros) for Bitcoin. This approach offers three benefits. It balances risk and liquidity, as swapping a portion for Bitcoin could diversify the reserve while retaining a focus on liquid, tradable assets. It reflects Bitcoin’s growing role as a digital asset with potential geopolitical and financial implications. Lastly, it minimizes disruption to core reserve components like bonds and SDRs.

The government could also swap a portion of its bonds for Bitcoin to add a speculative element to reserves that could yield higher returns over time. This would free up a portion of low-return assets for a higher-growth opportunity, and existing bonds can be easily liquidated if needed for reallocation. Bitcoin has historically moved in four-year cycles, where in the first three years it outperforms Gold, Real Estate, Bonds, Equities, and Commodities. In year four it underperforms all of those asset classes, but the long term price trajectory has been upward. The author notes however, that the government may be hesitant to reduces the reserve’s safety net of ultra-stable, low-risk assets as Government bonds historically have provided stability and modest returns.

Source: Bitwise

The government is not likely to convert a portion of SDRs to fiat currency to acquire Bitcoin. SDRs are relatively illiquid and are not easily sold or converted, and doing so may signal a shift in Canada’s IMF strategy.

Canada would likely maintain a diversified approach rather than committing heavily to it, integrating it as a speculative asset for long-term growth potential.

Mining Bitcoin: A Pathway to Economic Sovereignty and Financial Independence

We are in the era of nation states mining Bitcoin, and it has global geopolitical implications. Mining offers an alternative pathway to economic independence. By leveraging energy resources, countries like Canada can mine Bitcoin for a number of strategic reasons: to diversify a nation’s asset holdings, enhance the resilience of the nations reserves, attract foreign investment, hedge against inflation, and enhance their financial credibility. Countries like Bhutan and El Salvador are already deploying this strategy.

Canada is also blessed with vast energy resources — from nuclear, to fossil, to renewables. A number of provinces have excess or stranded power:

• Hydropower: Provinces like Quebec, British Columbia, and Newfoundland have abundant hydropower, often generating excess energy during off-peak periods.
• Wind and Solar: Prairie provinces and Ontario may have excess renewable energy during certain seasons or times of day.
• Stranded Natural Gas: Alberta and Saskatchewan could leverage flared or vented natural gas for Bitcoin mining.
• Nuclear Energy: Ontario’s nuclear power plants produce consistent baseload energy, potentially leading to overproduction.

However, energy generation and distribution in Canada is under the purview of each province and territory so taking advantage of excess or stranded power would require collaboration and various tailored agreements between the federal government, provinces (and potentially municipal or Indigenous governments) to balance economic, environmental, and governance priorities. These agreements would need to consider infrastructure funding, energy system optimization, revenue sharing, and environmental implications.

Energy Utilization Agreements

• Access to Power: Provinces would need to agree to allocate a portion of excess or stranded energy to federal Bitcoin mining operations.
• Energy Pricing: Fixed or discounted energy rates for mining operations to balance profitability and payback of provincial energy infrastructure costs so local electricity ratepayers are not saddled with higher fees.
• Grid Access: Provincial governments would likely wish to establish that mining operations are secondary to local energy needs, with flexible shutdown capabilities during peak demand. While markets already accomplish this in US states like Texas and Nordic countries, where miners participate in demand response programs, provincial governments may seek additional assurances.

Revenue and Asset-Sharing Agreements

• Profit Allocation: Agreements would need to define how revenues from Bitcoin mining are split between the federal government, provinces, and participating municipalities. Many stranded or excess power sources are near Indigenous communities, thus Agreements could include equity ownership, job creation, and revenue-sharing opportunities for these communities. Furthermore, some provinces like Alberta may want to establish their own Bitcoin reserves (as is being considered in Texas), rather than adding bitcoin revenue to provincial coffers.
• Bitcoin Custody: Agreement around who custodies the mined Bitcoin as part of the national reserve, whether the Bank of Canada, an approved third party custodian, or a multi-signature agreement.
• Taxation Policy: Agreements around how mining profits will be taxed at the provincial and federal levels.
• Mining Pool: An agreement around the creation and management of a national mining pool, with potential for private-public partnerships. By operating domestic mining facilities and a managing a sovereign mining pool, Canada can maintain it’s economic independence and maintain a stronger measure of control over what transactions it mines. This would not be unprecedented — El Salvador launched its own mining pool in a partnership with Luxor, as part of broader efforts to achieve financial independence.

Infrastructure and Funding Agreements

• Capital Investment: The federal government could provide funding to develop mining facilities, grid connections, or to develop stranded energy projects across Canada. Bitcoin mining has become a powerful tool for bosting energy security and building and shoring up energy systems across continents — it presents a novel way to subsidize or fund public infrastructure, besides the traditional taxpayers and ratepayer pathways. Mining provides predictable and consistent demand that raises the financial viability of new or stranded energy projects, and helps get public infrastructure projects over their hurdle rates. As consumer demand for power grows in a community, Bitcoin mining can be decreased or removed entirely, but it enabled critical local energy infrastructure to be built out. It could also address energy poverty challenges in grid disconnected northern or indigenous communities where the federal government already subsidizes diesel power generation.
• Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Canada could also allow for private sector participation in infrastructure development and operation. Canada could follow in the steps of Bhutan, Oman, and Abu Dhabi. The partnership between Druk Holding and Investments (an investment company owned by the royal family) and Bitdeer uses excess hydroelectric power to support Bitcoin mining, and aligns with Bhutan’s focus on leveraging renewable energy for economic development while maintaining environmental sustainability. Zero Two, a subsidiary of Abu Dhabi’s sovereign wealth fund, has partnered with Marathon Digital Holdings to establish a 250-megawatt Bitcoin mining operation that leverages surplus power from the local grid, enhancing sustainability and grid stability​. The government of Oman has collaborated with private firms to launch large-scale mining projects in order to diversify its economy and position itself as a global digital hub​.

Environmental and Regulatory Agreements

• Environmental compliance: Mining operations will need to comply with federal and provincial carbon reduction goals and other environmental regulations. Mechanisms for allocating and tracking carbon credits between provinces and federal entities will also need to be established.

The elegance of Bitcoin mining is that it aligns economic incentives with environmental goals. Mining is increasingly being used to fund low-carbon infrastructure and pollution mitigation infrastructure. By co-locating with low-carbon generation, mining boosts the viability of low-carbon generation. Bitcoin mining is already lowering Canadian carbon emissions by using flared gas from oil and gas operations by burning methane more effectively and converting it to a less potent greenhouse gas (CO2); these activities could be expanded more broadly. Miners can also help mitigate landfill methane emissions by subsidizing the construction of landfill gas capture systems and waste-to-energy projects, which reduce toxic air and water pollution and transform waste into an economically commodity. Historically, coal, bunker fuel, propane, or natural gas have been used in Canadian residential and industrial heating systems. The heat byproduct of the hashing process can be used to displace fossil-fuel generated heating with renewable electricity with varied case studies — from individual homes, to district heating, greenhouses, food and beverage manufacturing, hotels, spas, forestry, and aquaculture.

Bitcoin is Partisan in Canada too

Unfortunately Bitcoin has become a partisan issue in Canada, similar to the US. Thus, the appetite for action (or the extent of reserve adoption) may rely on the party in power.

While Prime Minister Trudeau has indicated his disfavor towards Bitcoin, a “red wave” (blue wave in Canada) in the upcoming Canadian election could change the governments appetite around diversifying Canada’s reserves into Bitcoin.

The time to consider establishing an SBR is here. Waiting as other countries adopt Bitcoin reserves means buying the reserve asset at significantly higher prices. Canadians and Canadian businesses that support a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve should take on advocacy efforts to socialize this issue. The time to front-run other nations to a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve is now; the next best time is tomorrow.

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

As the title states, scratch behind my ear and you get it. 🐶🐾🫡

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Test Bounty Note

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Intro

This short tutorial will help you set up your own Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) on your own LND Node that is not using Umbrel. If you are a user of Umbrel, you should use their version of NWC.

Requirements

You need to have a working installation of LND with established channels and connectivity to the internet. NWC in itself is fairly light and will not consume a lot of resources. You will also want to ensure that you have a working installation of Docker, since we will use a docker image to run NWC.

• Working installation of LND (and all of its required components)
• Docker (with Docker compose)

Installation

For the purpose of this tutorial, we will assume that you have your lnd/bitcoind running under user bitcoin with home directory /home/bitcoin. We will also assume that you already have a running installation of Docker (or docker.io).

Prepare and verify

git version - we will need git to get the latest version of NWC. docker version - should execute successfully and show the currently installed version of Docker. docker compose version - same as before, but the version will be different. ss -tupln | grep 10009- should produce the following output: tcp LISTEN 0 4096 0.0.0.0:10009 0.0.0.0: tcp LISTEN 0 4096 [::]:10009 [::]:**

For things to work correctly, your Docker should be version 20.10.0 or later. If you have an older version, consider installing a new one using instructions here: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/

Create folders & download NWC

In the home directory of your LND/bitcoind user, create a new folder, e.g., "nwc" mkdir /home/bitcoin/nwc. Change to that directory cd /home/bitcoin/nwc and clone the NWC repository: git clone https://github.com/getAlby/nostr-wallet-connect.git

Creating the Docker image

In this step, we will create a Docker image that you will use to run NWC.

• Change directory to nostr-wallet-connect: cd nostr-wallet-connect
• Run command to build Docker image: docker build -t nwc:$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M') -t nwc:latest . (there is a dot at the end)
• The last line of the output (after a few minutes) should look like => => naming to docker.io/library/nwc:latest
• nwc:latest is the name of the Docker image with a tag which you should note for use later.

Creating docker-compose.yml and necessary data directories

• Let's create a directory that will hold your non-volatile data (DB): mkdir data
• Indocker-compose.ymlfile, there are fields that you want to replace (<> comments) and port “4321” that you want to make sure is open (check with ss -tupln | grep 4321which should return nothing).
• Create docker-compose.ymlfile with the following content, and make sure to update fields that have <> comment:

version: "3.8" services: nwc: image: nwc:latest volumes: - ./data:/data - ~/.lnd:/lnd:ro ports: - "4321:8080" extra_hosts: - "localhost:host-gateway" environment: NOSTR_PRIVKEY: <use "openssl rand -hex 32" to generate a fresh key and place it inside ""> LN_BACKEND_TYPE: "LND" LND_ADDRESS: localhost:10009 LND_CERT_FILE: "/lnd/tls.cert" LND_MACAROON_FILE: "/lnd/data/chain/bitcoin/mainnet/admin.macaroon" DATABASE_URI: "/data/nostr-wallet-connect.db" COOKIE_SECRET: <use "openssl rand -hex 32" to generate fresh secret and place it inside ""> PORT: 8080 restart: always stop_grace_period: 1m

Starting and testing

Now that you have everything ready, it is time to start the container and test.

• While you are in the nwcdirectory (important), execute the following command and check the log output, docker compose up
• You should see container logs while it is starting, and it should not exit if everything went well.
• At this point, you should be able to go to http://<ip of the host where nwc is running>:4321 and get to the interface of NWC
• To stop the test run of NWC, simply press Ctrl-C , and it will shut the container down.
• To start NWC permanently, you should execute docker compose up -d , “-d” tells Docker to detach from the session.
• To check currently running NWC logs, execute docker compose logs to run it in tail mode add -f to the end.
• To stop the container, execute docker compose down

That's all, just follow the instructions in the web interface to get started.

Updating

As with any software, you should expect fixes and updates that you would need to perform periodically. You could automate this, but it falls outside of the scope of this tutorial. Since we already have all of the necessary configuration in place, the update execution is fairly simple.

• Change directory to the clone of the git repository, cd /home/bitcoin/nwc/nostr-wallet-connect
• Run command to build Docker image: docker build -t nwc:$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M') -t nwc:latest . (there is a dot at the end)
• Change directory back one level cd ..
• Restart (stop and start) the docker compose config docker compose down && docker compose up -d
• Done! Optionally you may want to check the logs: docker compose logs

@ d2e97f73:ea9a4d1b

There’s a lot of conversation around the #TwitterFiles. Here’s my take, and thoughts on how to fix the issues identified.

I’ll start with the principles I’ve come to believe…based on everything I’ve learned and experienced through my past actions as a Twitter co-founder and lead:

1. Social media must be resilient to corporate and government control.
2. Only the original author may remove content they produce.
3. Moderation is best implemented by algorithmic choice.

The Twitter when I led it and the Twitter of today do not meet any of these principles. This is my fault alone, as I completely gave up pushing for them when an activist entered our stock in 2020. I no longer had hope of achieving any of it as a public company with no defense mechanisms (lack of dual-class shares being a key one). I planned my exit at that moment knowing I was no longer right for the company.

The biggest mistake I made was continuing to invest in building tools for us to manage the public conversation, versus building tools for the people using Twitter to easily manage it for themselves. This burdened the company with too much power, and opened us to significant outside pressure (such as advertising budgets). I generally think companies have become far too powerful, and that became completely clear to me with our suspension of Trump’s account. As I’ve said before, we did the right thing for the public company business at the time, but the wrong thing for the internet and society. Much more about this here: https://twitter.com/jack/status/1349510769268850690

I continue to believe there was no ill intent or hidden agendas, and everyone acted according to the best information we had at the time. Of course mistakes were made. But if we had focused more on tools for the people using the service rather than tools for us, and moved much faster towards absolute transparency, we probably wouldn’t be in this situation of needing a fresh reset (which I am supportive of). Again, I own all of this and our actions, and all I can do is work to make it right.

Back to the principles. Of course governments want to shape and control the public conversation, and will use every method at their disposal to do so, including the media. And the power a corporation wields to do the same is only growing. It’s critical that the people have tools to resist this, and that those tools are ultimately owned by the people. Allowing a government or a few corporations to own the public conversation is a path towards centralized control.

I’m a strong believer that any content produced by someone for the internet should be permanent until the original author chooses to delete it. It should be always available and addressable. Content takedowns and suspensions should not be possible. Doing so complicates important context, learning, and enforcement of illegal activity. There are significant issues with this stance of course, but starting with this principle will allow for far better solutions than we have today. The internet is trending towards a world were storage is “free” and infinite, which places all the actual value on how to discover and see content.

Which brings me to the last principle: moderation. I don’t believe a centralized system can do content moderation globally. It can only be done through ranking and relevance algorithms, the more localized the better. But instead of a company or government building and controlling these solely, people should be able to build and choose from algorithms that best match their criteria, or not have to use any at all. A “follow” action should always deliver every bit of content from the corresponding account, and the algorithms should be able to comb through everything else through a relevance lens that an individual determines. There’s a default “G-rated” algorithm, and then there’s everything else one can imagine.

The only way I know of to truly live up to these 3 principles is a free and open protocol for social media, that is not owned by a single company or group of companies, and is resilient to corporate and government influence. The problem today is that we have companies who own both the protocol and discovery of content. Which ultimately puts one person in charge of what’s available and seen, or not. This is by definition a single point of failure, no matter how great the person, and over time will fracture the public conversation, and may lead to more control by governments and corporations around the world.

I believe many companies can build a phenomenal business off an open protocol. For proof, look at both the web and email. The biggest problem with these models however is that the discovery mechanisms are far too proprietary and fixed instead of open or extendable. Companies can build many profitable services that complement rather than lock down how we access this massive collection of conversation. There is no need to own or host it themselves.

Many of you won’t trust this solution just because it’s me stating it. I get it, but that’s exactly the point. Trusting any one individual with this comes with compromises, not to mention being way too heavy a burden for the individual. It has to be something akin to what bitcoin has shown to be possible. If you want proof of this, get out of the US and European bubble of the bitcoin price fluctuations and learn how real people are using it for censorship resistance in Africa and Central/South America.

I do still wish for Twitter, and every company, to become uncomfortably transparent in all their actions, and I wish I forced more of that years ago. I do believe absolute transparency builds trust. As for the files, I wish they were released Wikileaks-style, with many more eyes and interpretations to consider. And along with that, commitments of transparency for present and future actions. I’m hopeful all of this will happen. There’s nothing to hide…only a lot to learn from. The current attacks on my former colleagues could be dangerous and doesn’t solve anything. If you want to blame, direct it at me and my actions, or lack thereof.

As far as the free and open social media protocol goes, there are many competing projects: @bluesky is one with the AT Protocol, nostr another, Mastodon yet another, Matrix yet another…and there will be many more. One will have a chance at becoming a standard like HTTP or SMTP. This isn’t about a “decentralized Twitter.” This is a focused and urgent push for a foundational core technology standard to make social media a native part of the internet. I believe this is critical both to Twitter’s future, and the public conversation’s ability to truly serve the people, which helps hold governments and corporations accountable. And hopefully makes it all a lot more fun and informative again.

💸🛠️🌐 To accelerate open internet and protocol work, I’m going to open a new category of #startsmall grants: “open internet development.” It will start with a focus of giving cash and equity grants to engineering teams working on social media and private communication protocols, bitcoin, and a web-only mobile OS. I’ll make some grants next week, starting with $1mm/yr to Signal. Please let me know other great candidates for this money.

@ 82341f88:fbfbe6a2

There’s a lot of conversation around the #TwitterFiles. Here’s my take, and thoughts on how to fix the issues identified.

I’ll start with the principles I’ve come to believe…based on everything I’ve learned and experienced through my past actions as a Twitter co-founder and lead:

1. Social media must be resilient to corporate and government control.
2. Only the original author may remove content they produce.
3. Moderation is best implemented by algorithmic choice.

The Twitter when I led it and the Twitter of today do not meet any of these principles. This is my fault alone, as I completely gave up pushing for them when an activist entered our stock in 2020. I no longer had hope of achieving any of it as a public company with no defense mechanisms (lack of dual-class shares being a key one). I planned my exit at that moment knowing I was no longer right for the company.

The biggest mistake I made was continuing to invest in building tools for us to manage the public conversation, versus building tools for the people using Twitter to easily manage it for themselves. This burdened the company with too much power, and opened us to significant outside pressure (such as advertising budgets). I generally think companies have become far too powerful, and that became completely clear to me with our suspension of Trump’s account. As I’ve said before, we did the right thing for the public company business at the time, but the wrong thing for the internet and society. Much more about this here: https://twitter.com/jack/status/1349510769268850690

I continue to believe there was no ill intent or hidden agendas, and everyone acted according to the best information we had at the time. Of course mistakes were made. But if we had focused more on tools for the people using the service rather than tools for us, and moved much faster towards absolute transparency, we probably wouldn’t be in this situation of needing a fresh reset (which I am supportive of). Again, I own all of this and our actions, and all I can do is work to make it right.

Back to the principles. Of course governments want to shape and control the public conversation, and will use every method at their disposal to do so, including the media. And the power a corporation wields to do the same is only growing. It’s critical that the people have tools to resist this, and that those tools are ultimately owned by the people. Allowing a government or a few corporations to own the public conversation is a path towards centralized control.

I’m a strong believer that any content produced by someone for the internet should be permanent until the original author chooses to delete it. It should be always available and addressable. Content takedowns and suspensions should not be possible. Doing so complicates important context, learning, and enforcement of illegal activity. There are significant issues with this stance of course, but starting with this principle will allow for far better solutions than we have today. The internet is trending towards a world were storage is “free” and infinite, which places all the actual value on how to discover and see content.

Which brings me to the last principle: moderation. I don’t believe a centralized system can do content moderation globally. It can only be done through ranking and relevance algorithms, the more localized the better. But instead of a company or government building and controlling these solely, people should be able to build and choose from algorithms that best match their criteria, or not have to use any at all. A “follow” action should always deliver every bit of content from the corresponding account, and the algorithms should be able to comb through everything else through a relevance lens that an individual determines. There’s a default “G-rated” algorithm, and then there’s everything else one can imagine.

The only way I know of to truly live up to these 3 principles is a free and open protocol for social media, that is not owned by a single company or group of companies, and is resilient to corporate and government influence. The problem today is that we have companies who own both the protocol and discovery of content. Which ultimately puts one person in charge of what’s available and seen, or not. This is by definition a single point of failure, no matter how great the person, and over time will fracture the public conversation, and may lead to more control by governments and corporations around the world.

I believe many companies can build a phenomenal business off an open protocol. For proof, look at both the web and email. The biggest problem with these models however is that the discovery mechanisms are far too proprietary and fixed instead of open or extendable. Companies can build many profitable services that complement rather than lock down how we access this massive collection of conversation. There is no need to own or host it themselves.

Many of you won’t trust this solution just because it’s me stating it. I get it, but that’s exactly the point. Trusting any one individual with this comes with compromises, not to mention being way too heavy a burden for the individual. It has to be something akin to what bitcoin has shown to be possible. If you want proof of this, get out of the US and European bubble of the bitcoin price fluctuations and learn how real people are using it for censorship resistance in Africa and Central/South America.

I do still wish for Twitter, and every company, to become uncomfortably transparent in all their actions, and I wish I forced more of that years ago. I do believe absolute transparency builds trust. As for the files, I wish they were released Wikileaks-style, with many more eyes and interpretations to consider. And along with that, commitments of transparency for present and future actions. I’m hopeful all of this will happen. There’s nothing to hide…only a lot to learn from. The current attacks on my former colleagues could be dangerous and doesn’t solve anything. If you want to blame, direct it at me and my actions, or lack thereof.

As far as the free and open social media protocol goes, there are many competing projects: @bluesky is one with the AT Protocol, nostr another, Mastodon yet another, Matrix yet another…and there will be many more. One will have a chance at becoming a standard like HTTP or SMTP. This isn’t about a “decentralized Twitter.” This is a focused and urgent push for a foundational core technology standard to make social media a native part of the internet. I believe this is critical both to Twitter’s future, and the public conversation’s ability to truly serve the people, which helps hold governments and corporations accountable. And hopefully makes it all a lot more fun and informative again.

💸🛠️🌐 To accelerate open internet and protocol work, I’m going to open a new category of #startsmall grants: “open internet development.” It will start with a focus of giving cash and equity grants to engineering teams working on social media and private communication protocols, bitcoin, and a web-only mobile OS. I’ll make some grants next week, starting with $1mm/yr to Signal. Please let me know other great candidates for this money.

@ 6316050a:a5e43cbe

Me apuro a responder: Bitcoin resuelve problemas importantes![^5]

Desde el punto de vista de las reservas de valor bitcoin es comparado con el oro. Y desde sus comienzos se los vincula. Existen los mineros, los nuevos bitcoins sólo se obtienen a través del proceso de minado. Generar nuevos bitcoins es costoso en energía, como lo es minar oro. Bitcoin y oro se asemejan en su escasez, y en su promesa de finitud futura o baja dilución, por aumento de la cantidad. ¿Pero necesitamos más reservas de valor? Si tienen mejores propiedades que las ya existentes, sí! ¿Es bitcoin mejor que el oro? ¿En qué aspectos? En este artículo, me propongo discutir dos aspectos en los que bitcoin es mejor que el oro y también comentar sobre cómo puede lidiarse con su volatilidad.

Bitcoin vs. Oro

Cuando empecé a estudiar bitcoin me inquietaba una diferencia con el oro. El oro consume muchísima energía para su minado y es altamente contaminante. Bitcoin necesita grandes cantidades de electricidad, pero se pueden usar energías varadas (el gas venteado en pozos de petróleo, por ejemplo), energías renovables o energía nuclear (sin emisión de CO2). Sin embargo, en una primera mirada, el oro una vez minado, purificado y validado no consume más energía. La red bitcoin necesitará siempre importantes cantidades de energía para garantizar la inmutabilidad de las transacciones y las integridad de las billeteras. Pero viéndolo un poco mejor esto no es tan así. El oro consume muchísima energía en situaciones importantes, en que la red Bitcoin resuelve con la misma energía que utiliza para mantener su inmutabilidad. Veamos:

• El oro es difícil, lento y caro de transportar. Es pesadísimo. Requiere de una estructura de seguridad muy fuerte para su transporte. Eso implica que transportar oro en cantidades significativas es muy lento y caro.
• Por lo mismo del punto anterior, el oro es difícil de custodiar de forma segura, tanto para familias, como para grandes instituciones.
• El oro es caro de validar. Confirmar de manera fehaciente y sin depender de terceros que el oro tiene una pureza dada, y que no está mezclado con otros materiales, como el tungsteno, también es costoso y requiere de métodos sofisticados.
• El oro es en muchos países difícil de conseguir a un precio justo o en un mercado que no tenga sesgos [^1]

Bitcoin en cambio, con la misma energía con que mantiene la red, también suma las siguientes propiedades:

• Es relativamente barato y fácil de autocustodiar. Con billeteras multisig se puede custodiar de manera muy segura. Esto también abre la posibilidad de custodia compartida entre instituciones, amigos o comunidades.
• Es relativamente barato de transferir y el costo de la transferencia no sube con el monto del bitcoin transferido. Esta transferencia se refiere no sólo a acordar el monto y disponer un pago, sino también a la liquidación de la operación (setlement). Se necesitan entre 10 y 60 minutos para realizar una liquidación de bitcoin entre dos puntos cualquiera del planeta, que tengan acceso a internet.
• Podemos movernos por el mundo con el bitcoin (porque no se mueve!), acceder a él desde donde queramos y cambiarlo por USD o la moneda local en casi cualquier lado. Bitcoin es extremandamente "salable" en su desarrollo actual. Es decir, en muchísimos lugares del mundo es aceptado y puede cambiarse por divisas o la moneda local.

Entonces, Bitcoin resuelve o mejora muchas limitaciones que tiene el oro. El tema de la liquidación es muy importante, porque el tiempo de liquidación de las transacciones provocó que el oro necesite participación de terceros para cerrar una operación. Esa diferencia de velocidad entre el arreglo de una operación y su liquidación, como menciona muy frecuentemente Lyn Alden[^2], fue quizás crítica para la caída del patrón oro. Este se termina abandonando en 1971, con el famoso discurso de Nixon, diciendo que el dólar dejaría de ser redimible por oro.

Bitcoin representa una democratización de las reservas de valor

En una barriada de América del sur, África, Asia o en cualquier otro lugar del mundo, una persona tiene la posibilidad de comprar bitcoin, solamente por contar con acceso a internet en el teléfono. Esto es realmente impresionante porque permite el acceso a una reserva de valor a personas, familias o comunidades con muy poca inclusión financiera. Una persona sin cuenta bancaria, sin tarjeta de crédito o incluso sin trabajo en blanco, puede acceder a bitcoin, de todas formas. Recordemos que una reserva de valor es un activo que permite conservar o incluso aumnetar el poder de compra a tiempos largos[^6]. Por supuesto que Bitcoin no resuelve todos los problemas sociales o económicos de las personas o países, pero amplia de manera notable el acceso a reservas de valor. Esto es de particular importancia para gente lejos de los centros financieros mundiales, de las rutas comerciales más importantes o en países con problemas recurrentes en sus monedas. Una pequeña mutual o cooperativa de agricultores, artesanos o trabajadores pueden establecer una manera confiable y segura para conservar los ahorros de la comunidad a largo plazo. Debe tenerse en cuenta que bitcoin, por ahora, es una activo muy volátil a tiempos cortos (meses). Sin embargo puede diversificarse con otras monedas menos volátiles en el corto plazo, para ir armando un ahorro que conserve el poder de compra en el tiempo. Veamos cómo.

¿Cómo lidiar con la volatilidad de Bitcoin?

Para terminar veamos un ejemplo importante de cómo sobrellevar la volatilidad de bitcoin en el corto plazo. Bitcoin es un activo que tiene un crecimiento promedio de 140% anual (2011-2024), pero puede tener caídas de 50% y hasta 80% en el corto plazo.

Esto puede resultar muy problemático para personas o grupos que no tienen una cantidad de dinero que puedan guardar por mucho tiempo. Cuanto más tiempo se guarde bitcoin, más chance hay de aprovechar su capacidad de aumentar el poder de compra en el futuro. El gráfico que sigue[^3] muestra varios activos. El eje horizontal indica las caídas máximas en el período en que se lo grafica y el eje vertical marca una medida del retorno o ganancia anual. En lo que respecta a bitcoin, nos importan los dos puntos naranjas. El punto naranja de arriba a la derecha es para alguien que haya puesto el 100% de sus ahorros en bitcoin. Como se ve, tuvo el mayor retorno de la gráfica, pero sufrió en algun momento la pérdida del 80% de su valor. Antes de ver el otro punto naranja (el que está en la zona cercana al eje y), veamos los puntos azules. Los puntos azules tienen relativamente bajo retorno anual, pero sus caidas máximas también son muy chicas. De izquierda derecha, los puntos azules representan: bonos del tesoro de USA a 10 años, Oro y el índice SP500 en el período de tiempo 1971-2023. Los bonos son los activos con menos riesgo y su bajada máxima fue menor al 10%. Tomemóslo como la referencia del activo de menos riesgo. Y acá viene lo interesante: el punto naranja que está arriba de ese primer punto azul. Ese punto representa una cartera de ahorros compuesta por 90% de dólares en efectivo (billetes o depósitos en una cuenta bancaria) y un 10% de bitcoin. Esa estrategia tiene el mismo nivel de caída máxima que los bonos del tesoro, pero un retorno al menos 3 veces mayor! Es decir, tiene un muy alto retorno ajustado por riesgo. Poner un porcentaje pequeño (entre 1 y 10% de los ahorros) en bitcoin ha permitido en los últimos años obtener un retorno interesante a relativamente bajo riesgo[^4]. De esta forma puede aprovecharse bitcoin para conservar el poder de compra y menguar las dificultades de su volatilidad de corto plazo.

[^1]: Haciendo un relevamiento no exhaustivo en Buenos Aires (Argentina) , el oro físico tiene un precio de entre 10% y 12% más caro en USD que el oro spot que cotiza en NYSE (XAU). [^2]: Lyn Alden, Broken Money, Timestamp Press (2023) [^3]: Tweet de plan B [^4]: Ni este concepto ni nada de este artículo, representa una recomendación de compra. Los lectores deben hacer un estudio por su cuenta y tomar decisiones en base a su propia evaluación de su situación y nivel de riesgo aceptable. [^5]: Escribo en español porque considero que no hay tanta información accesible en nuestro idioma. Quisiera que llegue esta información a la mayor parte posible de latinoamericanos. Además, en nostr es notablemente baja la cantidad de contenido en español. English: I am writing articles in spanish because I think that there is no much information accesible to Latin-american people. [^6]: Escribimos algo en este artículo

@ 705605d9:b4324038

Жители Горноправдинска, одного из ведущих производителей молочной продукции в стране и известного своими экологическими инициативами, ярко отметили День Масла – праздник, не имеющий аналогов в других регионах. Этот ежегодный фестиваль, прочно укоренившийся в культуре посëлка, отражает уникальное сочетание традиций и современных достижений в области молочной промышленности.

В этом году праздник прошёл под девизом «Вкус будущего – экологически чистый!». Главная площадь превратилась в огромный гастрономический рай, где представители лучших молочных ферм предлагали дегустацию своих продуктов: от классического молока и йогуртов до эксклюзивных сыров с необычными вкусовыми нотками. Все продукты были выращены и произведены с использованием экологически чистых технологий, что является визитной карточкой Горноправдинска.

Помимо гастрономических радостей, гости фестиваля смогли посетить интерактивные выставки, посвященные современным методам молочного производства и охране окружающей среды. Дети участвовали в весёлых конкурсах и мастер-классах, темы которых были связаны с экологией и здоровым питанием.

Вечером праздник завершился ярким концертом и феерическим салютом из экологически чистых фейерверков.

"День Масла — это не только вкусный праздник, но и отличная возможность продемонстрировать достижения Горноправдинска в области экологически чистого производства, — сказала глава администрации. – Мы гордимся своим уникальным праздником и стремимся к тому, чтобы он год от года становился еще более ярким и запоминающимся".

День Масла в Горноправдинске — это яркий пример того, как можно сочетать традиции и современные технологии для создания уникального и запоминающегося праздника.

@ 4245a358:1ec24f29

Join us in our Beach Clean Up campaign with the Youth In Technology community! 🌊✨ By participating, you’re helping to achieve SDG 14: Life Below Water. Together, we can protect marine ecosystems and create a cleaner, healthier environment for all. Let’s unite for a sustainable future

This Sunday on 17th November 2024, YIT Community in collaboration with @sprint_leo and @chuoapp are hosting Beach Clean Up Campaign! #YouthInTech #YIT #BeachCleanup #SDG14”

@ d7c6d014:a6abb6b8

こんにちは！kohei です。

久々のエントリ投下ですが、今回は先日弊 TL で話題になっていた、Android を P2P のローカルリレーサーバー化して Tor で公開する方法を紹介していこうと思います。

用意するもの

1. Android 端末
2. Orbot
3. Citrine
4. Amethyst

前提と下準備

今回は、Orbot の詳細設定は省いて、Power User Mode の設定が完了している前提でお話を進めます。 Android 端末を用意して、2~4 のアプリをインストールしておいてください。

設定方法

それでは早速設定していきましょう。 まず、Citrine を起動して、Settings のタブからローカルリレーの詳細を設定します。

設定が終了したら、ローカルリレーを起動します。

また、ここで表示されるポート番号をメモしてください。

次に、More のタブに移り、Hosted Onion Services へアクセスし、Service Type の項目で User Services にチェックを入れて、右下の + マークをタップすると以下のポップアップが表示されます。(Orbot がスクショを許してくれないので一部画像割愛）

表示されたら、Name に任意の名前を、Local Port と Onion Port に先ほどメモした Citrine のポート番号を入力します。

入力したら再起動を求められるので再起動してください。 再起動後に Hosted Onion Services の項目に .onion のアドレスが表示されたら成功です (何故か私の環境では、一回の再起動では設定が反映されなかったのですが、もし同じような現象が起きた場合は、再起動 -> Connect -> .onion アドレスが発行されてるかの確認、を数回試すと発行されるはずです)

発行されたら、.onion アドレスをタップしてクリップボードにコピーします。

次に、Amethyst を起動して、リレーの設定画面に入り、Outbox の設定にコピーした .onion アドレスを貼り付けて保存します。

後は、Amethyst 側で Orbot のポート番号を設定して Orbot に接続すれば BOOM! 設定完了です。

お疲れ様でした！

素敵な Nostr ライフを！

@ 4fcac000:d2b37988

В 2040 году Тюмень является примером для многих городов, внедряя инновационные экологичные решения в транспортной сфере. Давайте взглянем на то, как выглядят наши дороги и общественный транспорт сегодня!

🚅 Скоростные электропоезда: Забудьте о пробках! Мы наслаждаемся комфортом поездок на скоростных электропоездах, которые соединяют Тюмень с соседними регионами. Они работают на возобновляемых источниках энергии, делая наши путешествия быстрыми и экологичными.

🛴 Электроскутеры и электровелосипеды: На улицах Тюмени повсеместно можно увидеть электроскутеры и электровелосипеды. Эти удобные и экологически чистые средства передвижения позволяют быстро и легко добраться до разных уголков города, особенно в условиях городского плотного трафика.

🚌 Автобусы на водороде: Наша система общественного транспорта пополнилась водородными автобусами, которые не только снижают уровень выбросов в атмосферу, но и обеспечивают тишину во время движения. Комфортные салоны с панорамными окнами делают каждую поездку незабываемой.

🏙 Умные транспортные приложения: Умные технологии дают возможность каждому жителю Тюмени планировать свои поездки, следить за движением транспорта и оформлять билеты всего в несколько кликов. Все это для вашего удобства и экономии времени!

💚 Зеленая инфраструктура: Мы видим также внедрение зелёных зон, велодорожек и пешеходных улиц. Это не только улучшает экологическую ситуацию, но и способствует активному образу жизни горожан.

Тюмень будущего – это город, где комфорт, безопасность и экология идут рука об руку. Мы гордимся тем, что движемся вперед к устойчивому будущему вместе! 🌱✨

Тюмень2040 #ТранспортБудущего #Экология #Комфорт #УстойчивоеБудущее

@ 4fcac000:d2b37988

В Тюмени активно развиваются научные исследования, ориентированные на решение проблем устойчивого развития.

🌍 Климатические изменения и экология: Ученые Тюмени занимаются разработкой новых методов мониторинга и прогнозирования климатических изменений. Исследования в области экологии направлены на сохранение природных ресурсов и восстановление экосистем, что особенно важно для нашего региона.

🍃 Энергетика будущего: Исследования в области альтернативной энергетики продолжают набирать популярность. Ученые работают над проектами по внедрению возобновляемых источников энергии и повышению энергоэффективности в городских инфраструктурах.

🚜 Устойчивое сельское хозяйство: Наши исследователи разрабатывают инновационные методы ведения сельского хозяйства, которые минимизируют воздействие на окружающую среду. Это важный шаг к обеспечению продовольственной безопасности и сохранению экосистем.

💡 Перспективные технологии: В Тюмени активно развиваются проекты умных технологий и их применение в городском управлении. Это включает в себя создание "умных" решений для транспортной инфраструктуры, мониторинга состояния окружающей среды и оптимизации градостроительного планирования.

🤝 Сотрудничество с бизнесом и властью: Научные исследования в Тюмени налаживают связи с бизнесом и государственными структурами, что позволяет внедрять научные разработки в реальную жизнь и делать вклад в устойчивое развитие города.

Тюмень уверенно шагает в будущее, и наука играет ключевую роль в этом процессе! Давайте работать вместе над созданием устойчивого и комфортного города для следующих поколений. 🌟✨

НаукаТюмень #УстойчивоеРазвитие #Инновации #Экология #БудущееТюмени

@ 0c469779:4b21d8b0

These are some points I made from the techno-optimist manifesto:

1. I am here to bring the good news. We can advance to a far superior way of living, and of being. We have the tools, the systems, the ideas. We have the will. It is time, once again, to raise the technology flag. It is time to be Techno-Optimists.

2. We had a problem of starvation, so we invented the Green Revolution. We had a problem of darkness, so we invented electric lighting. We had a problem of cold, so we invented indoor heating. We had a problem of heat, so we invented air conditioning.

3. We believe intelligence is the ultimate engine of progress. Intelligence makes everything better. Smart people and smart societies outperform less smart ones on virtually every metric we can measure. Intelligence is the birthright of humanity. we should expand it the most we can.

4. We believe Hayek’s Knowledge Problem overwhelms any centralized economic system. All actual information is on the edges, in the hands of the people closest to the buyer. The center, abstracted away from both the buyer and the seller, knows nothing.

5. We believe in accelerationism – the conscious and deliberate propulsion of technological development – to ensure the fulfillment of the Law of Accelerating Returns. To ensure the techno-capital upward spiral continues forever.

6. We believe central economic planning elevates the worst of us and drags everyone down; markets exploit the best of us to benefit all of us.

We believe central planning is a doom loop; markets are an upward spiral.

1. We believe the market economy is a discovery machine, a form of intelligence – an exploratory, evolutionary, adaptive system.

2. We believe Artificial Intelligence is our alchemy, our Philosopher’s Stone – we are literally making sand think.

3. We believe we are poised for an intelligence takeoff that will expand our capabilities to unimagined heights.

4. We believe Artificial Intelligence can save lives – if we let it. Medicine, among many other fields, is in the stone age compared to what we can achieve with joined human and machine intelligence working on new cures. There are scores of common causes of death that can be fixed with AI, from car crashes to pandemics to wartime friendly fire.

5. Energy is life. We take it for granted, but without it, we have darkness, starvation, and pain. With it, we have light, safety, and warmth.

6. We believe energy should be in an upward spiral. Energy is the foundational engine of our civilization. The more energy we have, the more people we can have, and the better everyone’s lives can be. We should raise everyone to the energy consumption level we have, then increase our energy 1,000x, then raise everyone else’s energy 1,000x as well.

7. We believe there is no inherent conflict between the techno-capital machine and the natural environment. Per-capita US carbon emissions are lower now than they were 100 years ago, even without nuclear power.

8. We believe a technologically stagnant society has limited energy at the cost of environmental ruin; a technologically advanced society has unlimited clean energy for everyone.

9. We believe we should place intelligence and energy in a positive feedback loop, and drive them both to infinity.

10. We believe the measure of abundance is falling prices. Every time a price falls, the universe of people who buy it get a raise in buying power, which is the same as a raise in income. If a lot of goods and services drop in price, the result is an upward explosion of buying power, real income, and quality of life.

11. We believe that if we make both intelligence and energy “too cheap to meter”, the ultimate result will be that all physical goods become as cheap as pencils. Pencils are actually quite technologically complex and difficult to manufacture, and yet nobody gets mad if you borrow a pencil and fail to return it. We should make the same true of all physical goods.

12. We believe that technology ultimately drives the world to what Buckminster Fuller called “ephemeralization” – what economists call “dematerialization”. Fuller: “Technology lets you do more and more with less and less until eventually you can do everything with nothing.”

13. We believe technological progress therefore leads to material abundance for everyone.

14. We believe the ultimate mission of technology is to advance life both on Earth and in the stars.

15. We believe that advancing technology is one of the most virtuous things that we can do.

16. We believe in deliberately and systematically transforming ourselves into the kind of people who can advance technology.

17. We believe this certainly means technical education, but it also means going hands on, gaining practical skills, working within and leading teams – aspiring to build something greater than oneself, aspiring to work with others to build something greater as a group.

18. We believe the natural human drive to make things, to gain territory, to explore the unknown can be channeled productively into building technology.

19. We believe that while the physical frontier, at least here on Earth, is closed, the technological frontier is wide open.

20. We believe in exploring and claiming the technological frontier.

21. We believe in the romance of technology, of industry. The eros of the train, the car, the electric light, the skyscraper. And the microchip, the neural network, the rocket, the split atom.

22. We believe in adventure. Undertaking the Hero’s Journey, rebelling against the status quo, mapping uncharted territory, conquering dragons, and bringing home the spoils for our community.

23. To paraphrase a manifesto of a different time and place: “Beauty exists only in struggle. There is no masterpiece that has not an aggressive character. Technology must be a violent assault on the forces of the unknown, to force them to bow before man.”

24. We believe that we are, have been, and will always be the masters of technology, not mastered by technology. Victim mentality is a curse in every domain of life, including in our relationship with technology – both unnecessary and self-defeating. We are not victims, we are conquerors.

25. We believe in greatness. We admire the great technologists and industrialists who came before us, and we aspire to make them proud of us today.

26. And we believe in humanity – individually and collectively.

27. We believe in ambition, aggression, persistence, relentlessness – strength.

28. We believe in merit and achievement.

29. We believe in bravery, in courage.

30. We believe in pride, confidence, and self respect – when earned.

31. We believe in free thought, free speech, and free inquiry.

32. We believe in the actual Scientific Method and enlightenment values of free discourse and challenging the authority of experts.

33. We believe, as Richard Feynman said, “Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts.”

34. We believe in local knowledge, the people with actual information making decisions, not in playing God.

35. We believe in embracing variance, in increasing interestingness.

36. We believe in risk, in leaps into the unknown.

37. We believe in agency, in individualism.

38. We believe in radical competence.

39. We believe in an absolute rejection of resentment. As Carrie Fisher said, “Resentment is like drinking poison and waiting for the other person to die.” We take responsibility and we overcome.

40. We believe in competition, because we believe in evolution.

41. We believe in evolution, because we believe in life.

42. We believe in the truth.

43. We believe in making everyone rich, everything cheap, and everything abundant.

44. We believe in what the Greeks called eudaimonia through arete – flourishing through excellence.

45. We believe technology is universalist. Technology doesn’t care about your ethnicity, race, religion, national origin, gender, sexuality, political views, height, weight, hair or lack thereof. Technology is built by a virtual United Nations of talent from all over the world. Anyone with a positive attitude and a cheap laptop can contribute. Technology is the ultimate open society.

46. We have enemies.

47. Our enemies are not bad people – but rather bad ideas.

48. Our present society has been subjected to a mass demoralization campaign for six decades – against technology and against life – under varying names like “existential risk”, “sustainability”, “ESG”, “Sustainable Development Goals”, “social responsibility”, “stakeholder capitalism”, “Precautionary Principle”, “trust and safety”, “tech ethics”, “risk management”, “de-growth”, “the limits of growth”.

49. Our enemy is stagnation.

50. Our enemy is anti-merit, anti-ambition, anti-striving, anti-achievement, anti-greatness.

51. Our enemy is statism, authoritarianism, collectivism, central planning, socialism.

52. Our enemy is bureaucracy, vetocracy, gerontocracy, blind deference to tradition.

53. Our enemy is corruption, regulatory capture, monopolies, cartels.

54. Our enemy is deceleration, de-growth, depopulation – the nihilistic wish, so trendy among our elites, for fewer people, less energy, and more suffering and death.

55. Our enemy is speech control and thought control – the increasing use, in plain sight, of George Orwell’s “1984” as an instruction manual.

56. Our enemy is institutions that in their youth were vital and energetic and truth-seeking, but are now compromised and corroded and collapsing – blocking progress in increasingly desperate bids for continued relevance, frantically trying to justify their ongoing funding despite spiraling dysfunction and escalating ineptness.

57. We believe in the words of David Deutsch: "We have a duty to be optimistic. Because the future is open, not predetermined and therefore cannot just be accepted: we are all responsible for what it holds. Thus it is our duty to fight for a better world."

58. We owe the past, and the future.

59. We invite everyone to join us in Techno-Optimism.

60. The water is warm.

61. Become our allies in the pursuit of technology, abundance, and life.

62. It’s time to be a Techno-Optimist.

63. It’s time to build.

@ 0c469779:4b21d8b0

The future. Nostr and Bitcoin

I always liked Twitter. but something changed when Elon bought (or stole?) the @America handle and used it for republican partisan politics. Or when he censored President Maduro. Not that I like Maduro, but how is it that we allow someone to censor the existance of other people? Remember when Twitter censored the account of the president of the United States, Donald Trump? Censorship can happen in other ways, too.

Governments can censor people on social media: Recently Brazil prohibited X because Elon wouldn't shut down some accounts the brazilian goverment asked for. Let's remember that X is also prohibited in China, Russia, Venezuela and Turkiye (until recently). He did the right thing by not censoring those accounts - The wrong thing, however, is that he has the capability to do so. He's effectively God: He can choose what to show you, who can see it, when and how.

And it's not only Twitter: Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, TikTok - All can decide when to censor you, or how to engage-bait you.

Nostr solves this.

Nostr is a protocol for decentralized and censorship-resistant social media. It utilizes the Bitcoin Lightning Network, a fast and secure payment system built on top of Bitcoin, to facilitate micropayments directly between users. This eliminates the need for algorithms and subscriptions, empowering creators and promoting a more authentic online experience.

You can pay nostr creators per post. This is impossible in any platform that I am aware of. You can also pay to the lightning wallet linked to the npub (your nostr identity). So it is extremely easy to reward good posts.

Think of nostr like the next step in social media evolution, similar to how Wayland improved upon the X11 display server. There is nothing bad with Legacy Social Media, but Decentralization will win in the end. It's already happening. Most of the tech people I follow, George Hotz, Brewster Kahle (Internet Archive manager), Jack Dorsey (Twitter co-founder) are using decentralize alternatives constantly. Farcaster, Mastodon, Bluesky, Nostr, etc. - I'm particularly bullish on Nostr because:

1. Mastodon and Bluesky save your identity in a single server. A single point of failure and censorship. This is bad.
2. Farcaster runs on the Ethereum blockchain, which I don't like mostly because of their transaction validation mechanism, which is proof of stake (and why would social media need to run on a blockchain?).

Just as there are various email clients (Outlook, Gmail) built on the SMTP protocol, nostr allows for diverse applications like Primal, Iris, and Snort, each providing different experiences to their users. Be it an Instagram-like feed, a Twitter-style timeline, or a text-focused platform, nostr offers flexibility in how you consume and share content.

Nostr is censorship resistant. Your identity is spread across multiple relays (servers), making it incredibly difficult to delete your messages (they would have to delete your presence from every relay). This portability extends beyond social media – you can take your identity to apps like FountainFM and earn rewards (zaps) for listening to podcasts. There are many other interesting apps, you can even live stream and monetize through zap.stream, and allow viewers to directly tip content creators in satoshis (Bitcoin smallest unit).

I am super bullish on nostr and bitcoin but I do recognize that clients may be buggy and Bitcoin may be difficult to understand for non-tech people. This is why I'm promoting nostr so much on technical spaces on Twitter - because we need to keep building the protocol, relays and clients. We are responsible for its success. Not a centralized company.

It's super easy to start building nostr apps. I myself built a nostr client called Kapestr in Rust. It's ugly due to skill-issues (lol), but you can start pretty fast. Or maybe you can go primal client github repository and fork it. You can start learning nostr super easily. Maybe nostr.com or nostr.org are good places to start.

I recommend reading The Cypherpunk Manifesto, Broken Money by Lyn Alden and The Bitcoin Standard.

Bitcoin is the most secure blockchain. It uses PoW (Proof Of Work) as the consensus mechanism, there is no single point of control, and it has no CEO (neither does nostr). People I'm interested in, Victoria Villaruel, Nayib Bukele, Jordan Peterson and Elon Musk among others, have shown support to bitcoin. Which makes me happy, and also adds support to the case of Bitcoin.

Looking ahead I think the future is bright. Nostr will continue to improve, Many other projects like nostr will arise, Bitcoin will be used more and more, AI agents will transact in internet-native money, and stuff I can't even imagine.

The future is decentralized, secure, creator-driven and incentives will be the correct ones again.

@ 7c765d40:bd121d84

The Bitcoin Journal: Weekly Wrap

You know it's been an interesting week in Bitcoin when we're talking about football stadiums filling with water and aunts potentially becoming uncles (more on that wild analogy later). Let's dive into this week's philosophical musings and mathematical meanderings in the world of Bitcoin.

Let's start with a mind-bending revelation: that $300 worth of bitcoin today could potentially be worth $300,000 in 2068. Speaking as someone who still has a gift card from 2015 gathering dust in a drawer somewhere, the real challenge isn't buying – it's remembering where you put your digital gold! Pro tip: Maybe don't store your seed phrase in the same place as those "I'll definitely use these someday" gift cards.

The week's posts took an interesting turn with a lesson in exponential growth, comparing Bitcoin adoption to a football stadium filling with water. After 45 minutes, it's only 7% full, but somehow manages to completely fill up in the last 5 minutes. Kind of like my coffee consumption during deadline week – starts slow, ends in a caffeinated tsunami.

A particularly sobering moment came when discussing UTXO management. Jor learned the hard way that ignoring UTXOs cost them 225,000 sats. That's like discovering those coins in your couch cushions are actually rare collectibles – except in reverse. Remember folks: what seems like pocket change today might be a down payment on a Mars condo tomorrow.

Pro Tip: If "UTXO management" sounds as appealing as dental surgery, start small. Use Sparrow wallet and pretend you're playing Tetris with your Bitcoin – the goal is to keep things neat and consolidated

We tackled the perpetual "what if" questions that plague bitcoin skeptics. As the great philosopher Don Cherry wisely noted, "If my aunt had nuts, she'd be my uncle." Sometimes the biggest risk isn't in taking action, but in sitting on the sidelines wondering "what if?"

Finally, we concluded with a deeper reflection on bitcoin as an intelligence test. It's not about raw IQ points – it's about understanding the value of proof of work and playing the long game. Think of it as planting a digital tree whose shade you might not sit under, but whose fruits might just change the world.

Quick Wisdom: Start stacking sats today, manage those UTXOs wisely, and remember – sometimes the smartest thing you can do is stop asking "what if" and start asking "why not?"

Personal Note: Reading through these posts, I can't help but notice they possess the same infectious enthusiasm as my grandfather had when he tried explaining why his vintage stamp collection would one day make us all millionaires. The difference? Bitcoin actually might.

Let’s keep stacking the sats so we can all live on the same block in Mars.

In addition to the Daily Bitcoin Journal, we have a live show on YouTube every morning at 9am EST! The show is called the Daily Bitcoin Journey and it’s focused on actionable and logical discussion for bitcoiners AND future bitcoiners!

You can find the show here on the 88 SATS Radio Channel! Consider stopping by sometime and join us in the live chat!

Jor 871644

@ 0c469779:4b21d8b0

Todo que celebrar

• No recuerdo exactamente cómo me empezo a interesar el tema, el punto es que vi un lavado de cabeza inmenso que se hace a cada paisano en los países hispanoamericanos.
• Inclusive Residente tiene una canción llamada Latinoamérica, donde habla de todo lo que se robaron los españoles.
• La leyenda negra nos dice que España fue lo peor que le pudo pasar a la región.

• La primera mentira es pensar que antes de España había paz: Los distintos imperios americanos esclavizaban a las poblaciones adyacentes. Los aztecas esclavizaban a las tribus mexicas, fue gracias a Hernán Cortés, quien consiguió la organización de estas tribus, que se pudo derrocar a Moctezuma y a los aztecas. Piénsese en eso, Hernán Cortés tenía un ejército de aproximadamente 550 soldados (siendo generosos), y por cada español había de 10 a 15 indígenas, principalmente de Tlaxcala, pero también de Huexotzinco, Cholula y Tepeyac. Los aztecas eran 200000. Una vez caído Tenochitlán, otra parte de la leyenda negra dice que España exterminó a los indígenas, lo cual es falso. Hernán Cortés cuidó de sus descendientes e incluso tuvo un hijo con una de las hijas de Moctezuma.

• España fue el primer imperio que promulga una serie de leyes que humanizan al indígena. Recordemos siempre ponernos en el contexto histórico. El 27 de diciembre de 1512 se promulgan las leyes de Burgos, 35 ordenanzas que buscan proteger y humanizar al indígena americano.

Algunos principios de las Leyes de Burgos son: 1. Los indigenas eran hombres libres y dueños de sus tierras y casas. 2. Los Reyes Católicos eran señores de los indígenas por su compromiso evangelizador. 3. Los encomenderos debían examinar a los indígneas cada quincena para comprobar lo que habían aprendido. 4. Cada indio debia recibir un peso de oro al año para comprar ropa.

Además recordemos lo que dijo Isabel la Católica sobre los indígenas. En su lecho escribió:

No consientan ni den lugar que los indios reciban agravio alguno en sus personas y sus bienes, mas manden que sean bien y justamente tratados.

En 1542 el emperador Carlos V promulga Las Leyes Nuevas de Indias, para reformar el gobierno de las Indias y protoger a los indígenas.

Entre las principales características de las Leyes Nuevas de Indias se encuentran: 1. La supresión de la Institución de la Encomienda 2. La designación del virrey como protector de los indios 3. El respeto a las autoridades, costumbres y formas de vida indígenas 4. La prohibición de que los indigenas sostuvieran relaciones mercantiles con sus vecinos 5. La orden a los españoles que empleasen indios de impartir evangelización, darles buen trato, alimentos, vestido, casa, medico y sacerdote, y pagarles su trabajo en efectivo.

Es curioso resaltar que Las Leyes Nuevas de Indias fueron promovidas por Fray Bartalome de las Casas, quien hubiera mentido en algunos articulos suyos anteriores donde exageraba e inventaba malos tratos a indígenas. Estos artículos falsos fueron y son usados hasta el dia de hoy por la leyenda negra, en los principales libros de historia de las escuelas y colegios hispanoamericanos.

• Los makás son una tribu indígena del nordeste argentino, quienes fueron desplazados a Paraguay y habitan actualmente zonas de Mariano Roque Alonso, cerca de la capital, Asunción. Quién trata mejor a los indígenas, el Paraguay o Argentina de hoy o el Imperio de ayer?

• Durante el Imperio, el Virreinato del Rio de la Plata tuvo asentamientos de indígenas guaranies provomidos por los padres de la compañía de Jesús en las tierras conquistadas por España y Portugal. Ellos buscaban crear una sociedad con los beneficios de la sociedad cristiana, pero sin sus vicios. Enseñaban a los indígenas a leer, escribir, aritmética básica, técnicas de agricultura, construcción y artesanía. También aprendieron la lengua de los indígenas (gracias a esto tenemos el guaraní y otras lenguas en escrito, eran puramente orales), lo que facilitaba el trabajo del misionero. Cuando el Rey Carlos III expulsa a los Jesuitas de sus dominios en 1767, efectivizandose en Paraguay en 1768, supuso una gran pérdida para los pueblos originarios, principalmente por la protección, ya que los jesuitas protegían a los indígenas de los bandeirantes, grupos que eran contratados para cazar indígenas y esclavizarlos, o destruir quilombos (asentamientos de esclavos que se liberaban de la esclavitud). Los bandeirantes eran provenientes de zonas del interior de Brasil, y se les puede atribuir la expansión de Brasil más allá de los limites impuestos por el Tratado de Tordesillas.

• Los movimientos independentistas hispanoamericanos eran auspiciados por fuerzas extranjeras. Las fuerzas de San Martín que cruzaron los Andes por Mendoza contaban con más de 5400 hombres, y se sabe que muchos eran de otras nacionalades. San Martín siempre tuvo afinidad por Inglaterra, pasó en Europa el resto de sus días luego de ser amenazado por el gobierno unitario. También se sabe que fue masón, lo que no se sabe es si conocía el Plan Maitland.

El Plan Maitland fue un proyecto desarrollado en 1800 por Thomas Maitland, originalmente titulado "Plan para capturar Buenos Aires y Chile, y luego emancipar Perú y Quito". Se concluyó que sería mendiante una expedición que cruzaría los Andes y atacaría desde el oeste, es decir, desde Chile, y luego avanzaria hacia el Perú. La estrategia era golpear el corazón del virreinato peruano, que era el bastión del poder en América del Sur.

Si San Martin conocía o no el Plan Maitland no se sabe. San Martin estuvo en Londres en 1811, donde se le pudo haber introducido el plan por miembros de la logia masónica Lautaro, fundada por Francisco de Miranda (secesionista hispanoamericano, primer presidente de Venezuela).

• Los antiguos súbditos no se sentían oprimidos por España. Los sentimientos de nación son inventos que ocurren luego de las independencias. Anteriormente todos eran españoles, católicos y súbditos del Rey. En Paraguay está la concepción errónea de que ganamos la independencia en 1811. Cuando lo que se hace en 1811 es cambiar el gobierno a la fuerza para asegurar la autonomía de la provincia del Paraguay, porque se pensaba que Bernardo de Velasco (gobernador de la provincia) quería entregarla al dominio portugués. En 1811 se sigue jurando lealtad al Rey. Además, recordemos quién fue Fulgencio Yegros. Alférez del ejército español, uno de los pocos militares de carrera. En 1801 integro la expedición al norte de Paraguay a reconquistar Coimbra de manos de los portugueses. En 1806, paritcipó en la defensa de Buenos Aires durante las invasiones inglesas. Ahi conoció a Fernando de la Mora, con quien formó amistad.

Principalmente la defensa de Buenos Aires solo se puede explicar si nos damos cuenta de que no existe tal cosa como nacionalidad paraguaya o argentina. Todos eramos espanoles. Hay muchos casos similares al de Fulgencio Yegros por toda la America Espanola.

• Fulgencio Yegros fue ejecutado tras querer derrocar a Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia, quien se declarara dictador supremo de la República del Paraguay, destacando la independencia por primera vez. En mi opinión uno de los grandes errores de Paraguay fue no haberse unido a las Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata, eran tiempos tumultuosos y de levantamientos constantes.

• El término latinoamericano no existió hasta luego de la independencia de Nueva España y la formación del Imperio Mexicano en un contexto de invasión de Francia a esas tierras.

• Cómo se explica la riqueza que hubo en Cuba y Puerto Rico, quienes siguieron siendo provincias españolas hasta 1898, finalizada la guerra que empezó con una falsa bandera implantada por los Estados Unidos? Además, la población es altamente mestiza. Cuando España pierde la guerra, también entrega la posesión de las Islas Filipinas (en honor al Rey Felipe II) a los Estados Unidos. Los filipinos mantenían su idioma reigional y hablaban español. La moneda es el peso filipino hasta el día de hoy. Hoy en el tagalog y chabacano hay muchas similitudes con el castellano. Cuando Estados Unidos controla las islas, prohíbe la enseñanza del español, y forza la enseñanza del inglés. Actualmente muchos filipinos tienen apellidos de origen español y hablan inglés.

• España formó las primeras universidades en América y tenía la biblioteca más grande de todo el continente en Perú.

• Creo que es importante que sepamos la verdadera historia para entender mejor nuestro pasado. Creo que hay más cosas que nos unen que las que nos separan, creo que Nayib Bukele en la actualidad es capaz de reunificar Centroamérica y darle más peso a su reclamo conociendo la historia, aparte de las razones prácticas del día de hoy. Creo que la República del Paraguay no debería existir y deberíamos integrarnos a las Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata (Argentina). Creo que debemos entender que fuimos victimas del divide et impera, y tenemos que formar una gran mancomunidad de naciones hispanas (como la Commonwealth) y tener objetivos que se adapten a lo que requerimos hoy: avances tecnológicos, investigación en todos los campos y un proyecto espacial en común.

• Es extremadamente ridículo que seamos más de 19 países en un mismo continente, todos hablando el mismo idioma y teniendo la misma religión, separados y desinteresados de lo que le pase al otro.

• Tenemos que apoyar los reclamos de nuestros hermanos: Los argentinos con las Islas Malvinas, los cubanos con Guantanamo, los españoles con Gibraltar y los venezonalos con el Esequibo.

• Algo interesante que dijo el filósofo y médico Erasmus Darwin, abuelo del gran evolucionista Charles Darwin:

En mis viajes por el inabarcable imperio español, he quedado admirado de como los españoles tratan a los indios: como a semejantes, incluso formando familias mestizas y creando para ellas hospitales y universidades. He conocido alcaldes y obispos indígenas, y hasta militares, lo que redunda en la paz social, bienestar y felicidad general, que ya quisiéramos nosotros [los británicos] en los territorios que con tanto esfuerzo les vamos arrebatando. Parece que las nieblas londinenses nos nublan el corazón y el entendimiento, mientras que la calidad de la soleada España le hace ver y oír mejor a Dios. Sus señorías en Inglaterra deberían considerar la [falsamente imputada] política de despoblación y exterminio de España. Ya que a todas luces la fe y la inteligencia española están construyendo, no como nosotros un imperio de muerte, sino una sociedad civilizada que finalmente terminará por imponerse como por mandato divino. España es la sabia Grecia, la imperial Roma; Inglaterra el corsario turco».

Fuentes interesantes

• https://www.ellitoral.com.ar/corrientes/2022-8-14-1-0-0-desmitificando-a-san-martin-y-sus-relaciones-con-los-ingleses
• Imperiofobia y leyenda negra: Roma, Rusia, Estados Unidos y el Imperio Español de María Elvira Roca Barea
• Madre patria: Desmontando la leyenda negra desde Bartolomé de las Casas hasta el separatismo catalán
• Historia con Patricio Lons
• La Brújula

@ 8dc86882:9dc4ba5e

I’m not what some would call a creator. I don’t teach on any real topic, I’m not a person of interest, and I’m almost positive 99.99999999% of the people who see anything I write have a clue who I am.

I’m more of a babbler than anything, if that could be a thing. I spew forth words that may only have significance to me, maybe someone else in a rare case. But nonetheless I like to babble. I like to write my words down and put them out there in the internet ether.

Today for the first time, I’m doing this in long form from my phone. My god! the typos that are likely to be in here. But, why the hell not. It’s a test, to see if I can transpose these idle thoughts to the world while out and about with just my phone. So I sit here in the Kumon waiting room while my children begrudgingly do more math and lit than their actual school requires. It’s the torture of having an immigrant mother.

As you can see, I babbled my way to a fourth paragraph. How the bullshit can flow forth from my thumbs! For I am not a creator.

Cheers!

@ 5405e5fd:53eae835

Ever wondered about the origins of the iconic "Laser Eyes" meme in Bitcoin culture? Let’s dive into its fascinating history and significance.

While on the Criptoverso podcast, I wore a shirt with the phrase “Laser Eyes Until Fiat Dies.” When asked about its meaning, I explained it signifies unwavering commitment to Bitcoin. But there’s a deeper story behind this phrase—one that transformed a simple meme into a powerful symbol of unity and optimism for the Bitcoin community.

The Birth of “Laser Eyes”

In 2020, as Bitcoin Twitter gained momentum, a user with fewer than 300 followers found a creative outlet in making memes to connect with the growing community of Bitcoin enthusiasts, affectionately known as “Plebs.” Inspired by influential figures like American HODL—a Bitcoin maximalist known for his irreverent humor and critique of fraud—the user crafted memes to engage the community. One of his first creations, a sharp response to a Bitcoin critic, earned a retweet from American HODL. The recognition fueled his passion for meme creation, and he soon joined forces with other creators in a collaborative group known as the Meme Factory.

This “Meme Factory” became a hub for humor, creativity, and camaraderie, bolstering the Bitcoin community during market downturns. Their memes became rallying cries, reinforcing the shared identity of Bitcoiners as a “swarm of cyber wasps,” buzzing with energy and defiance.

The Rise of the Laser Eyes Campaign

By late 2020, the Meme Factory began organizing themed avatar campaigns, such as holiday-themed profile pictures, to foster unity. These efforts culminated in February 2021, as Bitcoin surged towards $50,000.

The “Laser Eyes” concept emerged when a member of the Meme Factory asked for help enhancing a meme by adding laser eyes to a kangaroo. Inspired, the creator designed laser-eyed avatars for the entire group. The idea quickly evolved into a full-blown campaign: #LaserRayUntil100K, a pledge for the community to sport laser eyes until Bitcoin reached $100,000.

When Bitcoin hit $50,000 on February 16, 2021, the Meme Factory launched the campaign. Within days, the meme exploded across the Bitcoin community, embraced by everyone from celebrities to politicians. The striking red laser eyes became a visual statement of belief in Bitcoin’s potential as a global store of value, a symbol of resistance against traditional fiat systems, and a nod to Satoshi Nakamoto’s revolutionary vision.

Beyond Memes: A Symbol of Commitment

The success of the “Laser Eyes” campaign highlighted the power of memes to unite a community, inject humor into volatility, and promote optimism amid criticism. For many, laser eyes transcended mere aesthetics; they became a badge of solidarity and a public declaration of commitment to Bitcoin.

What Happens When Bitcoin Hits $100K?

The big question remains: once Bitcoin crosses the $100,000 milestone, what’s next? The answer is simple.

“Laser Eyes Until Fiat Dies.”

The mission doesn’t end—it evolves. After all, Bitcoin isn’t just a currency; it’s a revolution.

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@ f685c7b9:b1be053e

"Most people are mirrors, reflecting the moods and emotions of the times. Few are windows, bringing light to bear on the dark corners where troubles fester. The whole purpose of education is to turn mirrors into windows."

--Sydney J. Harris.

This quote really sticks with me, as I consider what it is I am doing here. I don't necessarily mean here as in SN, but more broadly speaking: here at 1am at my computer a bit over caffeinated and contemplating my place in the universe.

Now that was a bit melodramatic. But bear with me as I explain how it happened.

I went to a market tonight where there were local vendors peddling their wares. I don't usually bother, being somewhat of a misanthrope, but I dared ask a few if they accepted Bitcoin. I approached a couple with one of those clothing stands where they pay to put clever sayings on t-shirts, hats and pins.

"I do." A look askance. "Ha-Ha! Kidding. I used to have some."

What a dumbass. For such a stupid answer, I couldn't think of anything to respond. This is why I don't usually bother.

"It's up now, I guess."

"yea, I bought it when it was low, sold high," he said nonchalantly.

"Well I'm never selling."

"I wouldn't either," he laughed nervously.

What the hell? Well, I should have been able to judge position on the bell-curve from the nature of his business. I bumbled along to the next vendor.

"Do you accept Bitcoin?"

"Noooo," said she, A tall Russian woman selling gemstone jewelry. "I used to have some and then I sold it."

Two for two. Just then, I was beginning to lose hope. People just want me to think they were smart enough to buy it early on. "Well, why not?" I pressed on.

"Like all stocks, it's volatile."

"Actually, Bitcoin isn't a stock because it is not controlled by a company," I told her.

"Well, the thing is a company controls it, so that's why so many people lost theirs. There was that one, in China. What was it called..."

"Mt. Gox? That only happened because those people weren't smart with theirs. You can avoid that if you self-custody. Besides, you don't need to own any Bitcoin to accept it to do business. Look, I have this wallet. If you downloaded it you can generate an invoice, like this, and I'd send it to you practically for free. No banks, no exchanges involved."

I took enough of her time explaining how it works that I though the least I could do is buy a turquoise beaded bracelet. I paid with my debit card. Mirrors, reflecting whatever ideas and preconceptions they already had. Windows let in the light. Mirrors just show us own own reflection, sometimes darkened by the lies told us by fiat-truth-makers.

I much prefer to be surrounded by windows, then I can see the outstretched hills and green glades yawning near the horizon.

FR

@ 4d4fb5ff:1e821f47

You can almost feel the neon street lights behind you, teasing you with a wild night back where the city is still alive, but your eyes stay focused ahead, on the dark strip—the abandoned sprawl that lies on the way to the new shore.

You’re ready to get away from downtown because lately it seems like you can’t even hear your own thoughts anymore. Maybe when you get to the beach you’ll figure out who or what is blocking you from listening to your inner voice. But then again, maybe not.

All around you, sand and silt infiltrates the parking lots and the ground floors of otherwise sound buildings, stale bogs. The fine mud sticks to the soles of your boots, suctioning the pull of each step.

Small pools of water begin to interrupt your path at an increasing rate. It’s difficult to tell for certain, but they might be releasing faint light. Your eyes are only human, anyway. As you get closer to the shore, whatever hints of brightness you think you might be seeing in the puddles is drowned out by the brilliant intensity you’re here to witness, the view that can wipe everything away, the glowing surf.

The edge is quieter than you remember. Liquids fill the nooks and dips of the land without noise and in no rush. Then, folding over, they recede. In some places the broth mixes, though the colors remain true and somehow resist becoming a dull tar. In another place, a vibrating stream of pink forms a ribbon through electric yellow goop, refusing to assimilate.

The surf seems to both suffer from and be invigorated by a uniform phosphorescence. Likely the remnants of some tritium disaster from not too long ago, not too far away. The countless other isotopes saturating the gulf remain unseen, but you are well aware that the radiation has left real marks on the DNA of the creatures that cling to life below the surface.

A small crab rolls into an old soup can, neon markings on its belly like alien glyphs, its arms seeking something in an uncoordinated way. It’s choking on a thin, glitter-purple sheath of synthetic bacteria. You remember reading in the logs about these bacteria, designed illegally in some basement of the city a decade ago. A desperate bid to help clean up some of the mess. Not exactly a shame, maybe something worse.

Trash floats between broken parking blocks and twisted railing and many items keep their form. You recognize the outlines of beer bottles, a soccer ball and a refrigerator door. All of them painted over in bright streaks of color.

The end of a slow wave carries a newspaper leaf before you and it clings to one of your boots. It’s an antique. The surf works its best magic on paper, fortifying the cellulose with heavy metals and keeping the text and images preserved. It’s a bleeding page advertisement, pristine except for the color. A woman holding a toothbrush smiles up at you with lime green lips, a shock of tangerine hair and electric blue skin.

You realize how shallow your breaths have been up to this point and let the salty breeze enter your lungs with the rapidity its been asking for.

What would your father think of all this? If he were still around.

And that’s it. You feel you have your thoughts back. You exhale and advance into the glowing surf.

Now you’re ankle-deep and you bend over to scoop up a conch shell that’s the size of your fist. You push your hair aside and put it up to your ear.

No hollow wind, no airy breath of the sea. An unnatural silence. Almost like a glitch…

You use a keychain LED to help you to see inside of the conch shell. There’s a wire… something that you might be able to jack into your system.

You pad the outside of your vest with your palm, hoping you’re carrying the right adapter. The last time you connected to an unknown drive, you fried the adapter and your scanner was left wide open to hackers. You told yourself you’d learned your lesson. But did you really come all the way out here to stop taking risks?

You locate the right adapter under a mess of tangled wires and batteries in your pocket, still in its second-hand plastic bubble re-packaging. You bust it free and use it to plug into the conch shell.

A semi-transparent holographic window projects from inside the conch. The slow, thick waves behind it begin to appear almost volatile through the image.

The screen displays jumbled characters in a garbled list that doesn’t obey clean columns or rows. New text blazes forth, scrolling on its own as though consumed by some need to be seen but it’s much too fast for you to read.

It could be the remnants of a menu from a corrupted drive or maybe it’s something more exotic like dynamic encryption.

It stops and goes dark. Shit.

You check the adapter—it’s not obviously burnt. Still, you hate how you’re always taking unnecessary risks and for what—a random seashell?

Maybe there’s a hidden way to boot the data. What if your npub and key could unlock something good?

@ f7124c44:364cb601

I have just got an new desktop and I wanna mine bitcoin. How can I mine it?

@ 31312140:2471509b

🎩 The Origins: Where Did It All Start?

The concept of central banking isn't new. It dates back to the establishment of the Bank of England in 1694, which set the precedent for modern central banks (Check out Bank of England's history for a deeper dive). These institutions were often created out of necessity - to handle war debts, stabilize economies, etc. But with great power comes… you guessed it, not-so-great intentions. 💰

💸 The Money Factory: Printing Out of Thin Air

Central banks have the magical ability to print money from thin air. Sound amazing? Well, it's alarming. This endless printing is explained under the guise of "monetary policy" to control the economy. But in reality, it's a method to fund government debts and inflate the money supply, which causes the value of your hard-earned money to dwindle. Poof! Your buying power is gone. Have a look at how federal reserve balance sheets have ballooned for evidence.

🔄 Fractional Reserve Banking: The Multiplication Illusion

If you're a banker, you'll love fractional reserve banking. It's like magic, where banks keep a fraction of deposits and lend out the rest, creating a multiplier effect. Imagine you deposit 100$, the bank holds just 10$ and lends out the other 90$. The person who took out that loan spends it and this 90$ end up on someone else's deposit. Rinse and repeat until your 100$ effectively created 1,000$ in the economy. This system fuels credit bubbles and ultimately leads to bank runs when too many people try to withdraw their money at once. Just ask those unfortunate souls during the Great Depression!

🔗 Chains of Debt: The Slavery of Nations

Central banks lend to governments, placing entire nations in debt. And who pays the price? You do, through taxes. Ironically, you’re not just paying off debts; you're also paying interest to these private banking cartels. It's a not-so-subtle form of modern-day slavery.

For a chilling summary, G. Edward Griffin’s “The Creature from Jekyll Island” is a must-read. It breaks down how banks engineer boom and bust cycles to control economies and populations.

🔓 The Escape Plan: Sound Money is Freedom

Enter Bitcoin. 🧡 The only currency immune to manipulation by any central entity, Bitcoin offers a decentralized escape route from the clutches of central banks. They can’t print more Bitcoin. They can’t inflate it. And they definitely can’t control it. It’s regulated by math and network consensus, not whimsical policy changes by bankers in fancy suits. Want to understand more? Check out “The Bitcoin Standard” by Saifedean Ammous.

🛡️ What Can You Do?

• Educate Yourself: Read, study, and converse with like-minded folks.
• Diversify: Consider holding assets that are outside the influence of central banks, like Bitcoin.
• Advocate for Change: Speak out, support political reform, and promote community awareness about the strengths of decentralized financial systems.

So, there you have it, folks! The maze is vast, but there’s light at the end of the tunnel if you’re willing to look into it. Knowledge is power, and it's time we reclaimed our financial freedom. 🤝

Feel free to dive deeper and challenge the narrative - every voice adds to the revolution!

lookintoit #bitcoin #fiat #freedom #finance #soundmoney #scam #inflation #money

@ f8a5df57:b7a58cd4

В 2040 году система «Умный дом» в Москве стала частью городской жизни, обеспечивающей жителям комфорт, безопасность и экономию ресурсов. Инновационные технологии изменили подход к управлению жильем, сделали его более доступным и эффективным.

Система «Умный дом» представляют собой интеграцию современных технологий, которые позволяют управлять всеми аспектами домашнего хозяйства посредством мобильных приложений. Жители могут контролировать освещение, отопление, охрану и даже бытовую технику с помощью простого управления на своих смартфонах. Например, система автоматически регулирует температуру в помещениях в зависимости от времени суток и присутствия жильцов, что позволяет экономить до 40% электроэнергии. Какие еще есть внедрения? 1. Автоматизация освещения: свет включается и выключается по расписанию или при наличии людей в комнате. 2. Установка систем безопасности: видеонаблюдение и сигнализация обеспечивают защиту жилья, функция «имитация присутствия» отпугивает опасных злоумышленников. 3. Возможность подбора комнатной температуры : системы отопления и кондиционирования работают в автоматическом режиме с учетом погодных условий и предпочтений жильцов. Интеллектуальные счетчики: они автоматически передают данные о потреблении ресурсов в управляющие компании, избавляя жильцов от необходимости вручную фиксировать происшествия. В 2040 году почти 95% новостроек в Москве уже оборудованы такими цепями, что делает их стандартом для современных жилых комплексов. Это не только повышает уровень комфорта, но и способствует устойчивому развитию города за счет снижения потребления энергии и ресурсов.

Современные технологии «Умного дома» в Москве 2040 года показывают, как инновации могут улучшить качество жизни горожан. По словам Екатерины Ломтевой, генерального директора "Ricci | Жилая недвижимость", применение таких систем стало привычной для застройщиков. Они не только делают жизнь более комфортной, но и помогают оптимизировать управление ситуацией, что особенно актуально в условиях растущего населения и ограниченных внешних ресурсов. В будущем возможно дальнейшее развитие технологий, которые будут еще более интегрированы в повседневную жизнь москвичей.

Автор: Ксения Данилова

@ a849beb6:b327e6d2

\ \ It was another historic week for both bitcoin and the Ten31 portfolio, as the world’s oldest, largest, most battle-tested cryptocurrency climbed to new all-time highs each day to close out the week just shy of the $100,000 mark. Along the way, bitcoin continued to accumulate institutional and regulatory wins, including the much-anticipated approval and launch of spot bitcoin ETF options and the appointment of several additional pro-bitcoin Presidential cabinet officials. The timing for this momentum was poetic, as this week marked the second anniversary of the pico-bottom of the 2022 bear market, a level that bitcoin has now hurdled to the tune of more than 6x despite the litany of bitcoin obituaries published at the time. The entirety of 2024 and especially the past month have further cemented our view that bitcoin is rapidly gaining a sense of legitimacy among institutions, fiduciaries, and governments, and we remain optimistic that this trend is set to accelerate even more into 2025.

Several Ten31 portfolio companies made exciting announcements this week that should serve to further entrench bitcoin’s institutional adoption. AnchorWatch, a first of its kind bitcoin insurance provider offering 1:1 coverage with its innovative use of bitcoin’s native properties, announced it has been designated a Lloyd’s of London Coverholder, giving the company unique, blue-chip status as it begins to write bitcoin insurance policies of up to $100 million per policy starting next month. Meanwhile, Battery Finance Founder and CEO Andrew Hohns appeared on CNBC to delve into the launch of Battery’s pioneering private credit strategy which fuses bitcoin and conventional tangible assets in a dual-collateralized structure that offers a compelling risk/return profile to both lenders and borrowers. Both companies are clearing a path for substantially greater bitcoin adoption in massive, untapped pools of capital, and Ten31 is proud to have served as lead investor for AnchorWatch’s Seed round and as exclusive capital partner for Battery.

As the world’s largest investor focused entirely on bitcoin, Ten31 has deployed nearly $150 million across two funds into more than 30 of the most promising and innovative companies in the ecosystem like AnchorWatch and Battery, and we expect 2025 to be the best year yet for both bitcoin and our portfolio. Ten31 will hold a first close for its third fund at the end of this year, and investors in that close will benefit from attractive incentives and a strong initial portfolio. Visit ten31.vc/funds to learn more and get in touch to discuss participating.\ \ Portfolio Company Spotlight 

Primal is a first of its kind application for the Nostr protocol that combines a client, caching service, analytics tools, and more to address several unmet needs in the nascent Nostr ecosystem. Through the combination of its sleek client application and its caching service (built on a completely open source stack), Primal seeks to offer an end-user experience as smooth and easy as that of legacy social media platforms like Twitter and eventually many other applications, unlocking the vast potential of Nostr for the next billion people. Primal also offers an integrated wallet (powered by Strike BLACK) that substantially reduces onboarding and UX frictions for both Nostr and the lightning network while highlighting bitcoin’s unique power as internet-native, open-source money. 

Selected Portfolio News

AnchorWatch announced it has achieved Llody’s Coverholder status, allowing the company to provide unique 1:1 bitcoin insurance offerings starting in December.\ \ Battery Finance Founder and CEO Andrew Hohns appeared on CNBC to delve into the company’s unique bitcoin-backed private credit strategy.

Primal launched version 2.0, a landmark update that adds a feed marketplace, robust advanced search capabilities, premium-tier offerings, and many more new features.

Debifi launched its new iOS app for Apple users seeking non-custodial bitcoin-collateralized loans.

Media

Strike Founder and CEO Jack Mallers joined Bloomberg TV to discuss the strong volumes the company has seen over the past year and the potential for a US bitcoin strategic reserve. 

Primal Founder and CEO Miljan Braticevic joined The Bitcoin Podcast to discuss the rollout of Primal 2.0 and the future of Nostr. 

Ten31 Managing Partner Marty Bent appeared on BlazeTV to discuss recent changes in the regulatory environment for bitcoin. 

Zaprite published a customer testimonial video highlighting the popularity of its offerings across the bitcoin ecosystem. 

Market Updates

Continuing its recent momentum, bitcoin reached another new all-time high this week, clocking in just below $100,000 on Friday. Bitcoin has now reached a market cap of nearly $2 trillion, putting it within 3% of the market caps of Amazon and Google. 

After receiving SEC and CFTC approval over the past month, long-awaited options on spot bitcoin ETFs were fully approved and launched this week. These options should help further expand bitcoin’s institutional liquidity profile, with potentially significant implications for price action over time.

The new derivatives showed strong performance out of the gate, with volumes on options for BlackRock’s IBIT reaching nearly $2 billion on just the first day of trading despite surprisingly tight position limits for the vehicles. 

Meanwhile, the underlying spot bitcoin ETF complex had yet another banner week, pulling in $3.4 billion in net inflows. 

New reports suggested President-elect Donald Trump’s social media company is in advanced talks to acquire crypto trading platform Bakkt, potentially the latest indication of the incoming administration’s stance toward the broader “crypto” ecosystem. 

On the macro front, US housing starts declined M/M again in October on persistently high mortgage rates and weather impacts. The metric remains well below pre-COVID levels. 

Pockets of the US commercial real estate market remain challenged, as the CEO of large Florida developer Related indicated that developers need further rate cuts “badly” to maintain project viability. 

US Manufacturing PMI increased slightly M/M, but has now been in contraction territory (<50) for well over two years.

The latest iteration of the University of Michigan’s popular consumer sentiment survey ticked up following this month’s election results, though so did five-year inflation expectations, which now sit comfortably north of 3%. 

Regulatory Update

After weeks of speculation, the incoming Trump administration appointed hedge fund manager Scott Bessent to head up the US Treasury. Like many of Trump’s cabinet selections so far, Bessent has been a public advocate for bitcoin. 

Trump also appointed Cantor Fitzgerald CEO Howard Lutnick – another outspoken bitcoin bull – as Secretary of the Commerce Department. 

Meanwhile, the Trump team is reportedly considering creating a new “crypto czar” role to sit within the administration. While it’s unclear at this point what that role would entail, one report indicated that the administration’s broader “crypto council” is expected to move forward with plans for a strategic bitcoin reserve.

Various government lawyers suggested this week that the Trump administration is likely to be less aggressive in seeking adversarial enforcement actions against bitcoin and “crypto” in general, as regulatory bodies appear poised to shift resources and focus elsewhere. 

Other updates from the regulatory apparatus were also directionally positive for bitcoin, most notably FDIC Chairman Martin Gruenberg’s confirmation that he plans to resign from his post at the end of President Biden’s term. 

Many critics have alleged Gruenberg was an architect of “Operation Chokepoint 2.0,” which has created banking headwinds for bitcoin companies over the past several years, so a change of leadership at the department is likely yet another positive for the space.

SEC Chairman Gary Gensler also officially announced he plans to resign at the start of the new administration. Gensler has been the target of much ire from the broader “crypto” space, though we expect many projects outside bitcoin may continue to struggle with questions around the Howey Test.

Overseas, a Chinese court ruled that it is not illegal for individuals to hold cryptocurrency, even though the country is still ostensibly enforcing a ban on crypto transactions. 

Noteworthy

The incoming CEO of Charles Schwab – which administers over $9 trillion in client assets – suggested the platform is preparing to “get into” spot bitcoin offerings and that he “feels silly” for having waited this long. As this attitude becomes more common among traditional finance players, we continue to believe that the number of acquirers coming to market for bitcoin infrastructure capabilities will far outstrip the number of available high quality assets. 

BlackRock’s 2025 Thematic Outlook notes a “renewed sense of optimism” on bitcoin among the asset manager’s client base due to macro tailwinds and the improving regulatory environment. Elsewhere, BlackRock’s head of digital assets indicated the firm does not view bitcoin as a “risk-on” asset. 

MicroStrategy, which was a sub-$1 billion market cap company less than five years ago, briefly breached a $100 billion equity value this week as it continues to aggressively acquire bitcoin. The company now holds nearly 350,000 bitcoin on its balance sheet. 

Notably, Allianz SE, Germany’s largest insurer, spoke for 25% of MicroStrategy’s latest $3 billion convertible note offering this week, suggesting growing appetite for bitcoin proxy exposure among more restricted pools of capital. 

The ongoing meltdown of fintech middleware provider Synapse has left tens of thousands of customers with nearly 100% deposit haircuts as hundreds of millions in funds remain missing, the latest unfortunate case study in the fragility of much of the US’s legacy banking stack. 

Travel

• BitcoinMENA, Dec 9-10

• Nashville BitDevs, Dec 10

• Austin BitDevs, Dec 19

• Nashville Energy and Mining Summit, Jan 30

@ 5af07946:98fca8c4

Astrology (Jyotish) is the long old ancestor of modern day cosmology. Most people think astrology's secret sauce is somehow foretelling the future - through broad set of predictions that may apply to almost anyone - in any situation.

In truth, it is a deep understanding of space and time. Effect of motion of massive celestial bodies, on our physical reality — our tiny box.

Effect of celestial motion on earthlings were apparent in changing weathers, and it had already found applications in agriculture - the subject of Parāśara's early investigation, but he found seasons impacted the moods. There was something in the extra-terrestrial that connected deep with the spirit of not only humans but animals too.

Astrology was considered the ultimate science for it warranted knowledge of all the "hundred skills". One could predict only if s/he knew everything that was there to know. Not only the hundred skills, it needed deep understanding of three potencies of knowledge - particularly Vishnu - the very source of manifestation. Armed with this ultimate spiritual science, Parāśara figured out how to predict expression of a specific trait in a newborn — with high degree of accuracy.

Even today, in India, a priest (Pandit) pictorially draws the state of heavenly bodies at the time of a childbirth — a cosmic birth-chart (Janmpatri). This document details the exact positions of seven main grahas (the sun, moon and five main planets), and twenty-seven stars Nakshtras. It also details the effect of the motion of this system on child's future. It is an important consideration (in many Hindu families) to determine the suitable marital match.

His epic book Brihat Parāśara Hora Shastra is considered the starting point of Astrology. An English translation of this epic work is embedded here below for reference .. and to test if #nostr could render web archive in long form notes !

@ 4874b840:31b0b8c0

В нашем городе внедряются биометрические технологии, которые меняют подход к обеспечению общественной безопасности. В парке "Южный" установлены камеры с функцией распознавания лиц, которые фиксируют правонарушения в реальном времени. На днях группа молодых людей, не заметив знаков, запрещающих курение, устроила пикник. Когда один из них закурил, камера зафиксировала нарушение, и через несколько секунд на его смартфоне появилось уведомление о штрафе в 500 рублей, отправленное на аккаунт в госуслугах.

По словам Игоря Сидорова, начальника отдела цифровой безопасности городской администрации, "наша цель — создать безопасную среду для всех жителей. Биометрические технологии позволяют нам быстро реагировать на правонарушения и формировать культуру соблюдения правил".

Однако не все калининградцы поддерживают этот подход. Некоторые выражают опасения по поводу вторжения в личную жизнь и возможных ошибок системы, которые могут привести к несправедливым штрафам.

@ 4874b840:31b0b8c0

В Калининграде стартовал проект «Город в цвете», в рамках которого 12 домов в центре города будут разукрашены яркими граффити. Эскизы для рисунков созданы искусственным интеллектом с учетом местных культурных особенностей.

После встречи с жителями, на которой обсуждались идеи, художники начали подготовительные работы и нанесение красок. К вечеру несколько домов на улице Ленина уже получили новые образы, отражающие калининградские пейзажи. Местные жители активно делятся фотографиями в социальных сетях и выражают восторг от преображения.

«Это просто невероятно! Я никогда не думал, что наши дома могут выглядеть так ярко и стильно. Граффити действительно отражают дух нашего города», — поделился своими впечатлениями местный житель Алексей. Проект стал началом новой традиции в городе.

@ 4874b840:31b0b8c0

В минувшую ночь, 11 декабря, в Музее янтаря произошла попытка вандализма, которая была успешно предотвращена благодаря современным системам безопасности.

Группа молодых людей попыталась повредить экспонаты музея, однако сработала сигнализация, оснащенная датчиками движения и камерами с распознаванием лиц. В результате полиция прибыла на место происшествия в кратчайшие сроки и задержала злоумышленников, оказавшихся несовершеннолетними.

Директор музея подчеркнула, что инцидент подтвердил важность инвестиций в технологии охраны культурного наследия: «Мы постоянно обновляем наши системы безопасности, чтобы защитить уникальные экспонаты. Этот случай показал, что наши усилия не напрасны, и мы будем продолжать работать над улучшением охраны».

@ 21b41910:91f41a5e

Chef's notes

Based on assorted recipes and refined over time, this round of beef tastes great as a result of the sweet and savory marinade.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 5 minutes (+ 1 day)
• 🍳 Cook time: 20 minutes

Ingredients

• 2 pounds lean beef (may be labeled as London Broil)
• 1/3 cup olive oil
• 1/4 cup soy sauce
• 1/4 cup malt vinegar
• 1/4 cup lemon juice
• 1 tbsp sweetener of choice (honey, molasses, syrup, 4 packets of duck sauce, etc)
• 2 tsp old bay seasoning
• 1 tsp garlic powder
• 1 tsp sea salt
• 1/2 tsp black pepper

Directions

1. Day Before: Mix all ingredients except the beef in a bowl to form a marinade. Place the cut of beef in a gallon sized Ziploc bag. Pour marinade over beef, ensure fully covered. Remove any excess air from the bag and seal. Place back in refrigerator for up to 24 hours before cooking.
2. Cooking: Bring beef out of refrigerator (still in bag), and allow to rise to room temperature (about 30-40 minutes). Preheat broiler for about 15 minutes (your oven will vary). Broil for about 7-8 minutes on one side, then flip over. Continue broiling for another 7-10 minutes until temperature reads 140°F. Remove from broiler and let rest for 10 minutes before slicing thinly.

@ 9ff58691:0bf6c134

В Кургане состоялось долгожданное открытие новой экспозиции в музее науки и технологий, посвященной важной теме “Наука и человек”. Это событие стало знаковым моментом в культурной жизни города и шагом к развитию образовательной инфраструктуры.

На выставке представлены интерактивные технологичные экспонаты, которые позволяют посетителям не просто наблюдать, но и активно участвовать в процессе познания. Уникальные инсталляции включают в себя виртуальные симуляции, демонстрирующие достижения в медицине, экологии и инженерии, что делает науку доступной и интересной для всех.

Директор музея отметил, что новая экспозиция призвана вдохновить молодежь и пробудить интерес к научным исследованиям. Ожидается, что выставка привлечет внимание как школьников, так и студентов, стремящихся узнать больше о современных технологиях и их влиянии на жизнь человека.

Посетители уже начали знакомство с новыми экспонатами, а интерактивные элементы выставки особенно заинтересовали детей и взрослых. Это событие подчеркивает стремление Кургана стать центром науки и образования, способствуя развитию инновационного мышления среди горожан.

Автор: Эвелина Тимирбаева

@ 9ff58691:0bf6c134

Жители Кургана, мы рады сообщить вам о новых инициативах городской администрации, направленных на поддержку психологического благополучия наших жителей!

🧠 В Кургане открылся современный Центр психологической помощи, оснащенный по последнему слову техники. Здесь вы можете пройти комплексную диагностику с использованием технологий виртуальной реальности и ИИ-ассистентов. Специалисты центра разработают для вас индивидуальную программу восстановления и развития ментального здоровья.

"Наш Центр использует самые передовые методики в области психологии и психотерапии. Мы применяем технологии нейровизуализации, AI-анализа эмоций и когнитивного моделирования, чтобы максимально точно определить потребности каждого клиента и помочь ему достичь гармонии", - комментирует Ольга Соколова, ведущий психолог Центра.

💻 Кроме того, в Кургане запущена программа "Цифровой психолог" - бесплатный онлайн-сервис психологической поддержки для всех жителей. С помощью чат-ботов, виртуальных консультантов и мобильных приложений вы можете получить квалифицированную помощь в любое время, не выходя из дома.

🏫 Также в школах и университетах Кургана открываются специальные кабинеты психологической разгрузки. Здесь студенты и ученики могут отдохнуть от учебной нагрузки, пройти сеансы арт-терапии или медитации с использованием VR-технологий.

Забота о ментальном здоровье - один из ключевых приоритетов для администрации Кургана. Мы уверены, что эти инициативы помогут нашим жителям справляться со стрессами и жить более счастливой и гармоничной жизнью.

Автор: Елизавета Медведева

@ 9ff58691:0bf6c134

В Кургане, как и во всем мире, технологические стартапы играют все более важную роль в бизнесе. Эти инновационные компании не только создают новые рабочие места и стимулируют экономический рост, но и меняют саму суть бизнеса.

Новые стартапы в Кургане В последнее время в Кургане появились несколько новых стартапов, которые уже показали свою эффективность. Например, компания "КурганТех" разработала инновационную систему управления логистикой, которая позволяет оптимизировать доставку товаров и услуг. Другой стартап, "КурганАгро", создал систему мониторинга и управления сельскохозяйственными процессами, которая позволяет фермерам увеличить урожайность и снизить затраты.

Особенности стартапов в Кургане Стартапы в Кургане имеют несколько особенностей, которые отличают их от других компаний. Во-первых, они часто фокусируются на решении конкретных проблем, которые актуальны для региона. Например, компания "КурганЭко" разработала систему утилизации отходов, которая позволяет сократить количество мусора в городе. Во-вторых, стартапы в Кургане часто сотрудничают с местными университетами и исследовательскими центрами, что позволяет им получить доступ к новейшим технологиям и экспертизе.

Внедрение новых технологий Стартапы в Кургане активно внедряют новые технологии, такие как искусственный интеллект (ИИ), блокчейн и интернет вещей. Например, компания "КурганТех" использует ИИ для оптимизации логистических процессов, а компания "КурганАгро" использует блокчейн для создания прозрачной и безопасной системы управления сельскохозяйственными процессами.

Отличия стартапов в 2040 году от 2024 Стартапы в 2040 году отличаются от стартапов в 2024 году несколькими ключевыми аспектами:

• Больший акцент на экологической устойчивости: Стартапы в 2040 году часто фокусируются на решении экологических проблем и создании устойчивых бизнес-моделей. • Более широкое использование новых технологий: Стартапы в 2040 году активно внедряют новые технологии, такие как ИИ, блокчейн и IoT, для решения бизнес-задач. • Более тесное сотрудничество с государством и обществом: Стартапы в 2040 году часто сотрудничают с государством и обществом для решения социальных и экономических проблем. • Более быстрый рост и масштабирование: Стартапы в 2040 году могут расти и масштабироваться быстрее, благодаря доступу к новым технологиям и глобальным рынкам.

В Кургане, как и во всем мире, технологические стартапы играют все более важную роль в бизнесе. Эти инновационные компании не только создают новые рабочие места и стимулируют экономический рост, но и меняют саму суть бизнеса. Мы будем продолжать следить за развитием стартапов в Кургане и рассказывать о их успехах.

Автор: София Багирова

@ 2d74600a:d6708a00

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, noto principalmente per il suo capolavoro "Il piccolo principe", è un autore che ha saputo coniugare in modo unico la profondità del pensiero filosofico con la leggerezza e la bellezza della poetica. La sua opera si distingue per un approccio che trascende le convenzioni letterarie, creando un ponte tra vita e conoscenza, tra esperienza e riflessione. In questo articolo, esploreremo come il pensiero di Saint-Exupéry si configuri come un atto di creazione che abbraccia la complessità dell'esistenza umana.

Un Pensiero Filosofico e Poetico

Saint-Exupéry non si limita a descrivere il mondo moderno; lo analizza, lo interroga e lo trasforma in un oggetto di contemplazione. A differenza di molti dei suoi contemporanei, che si sentono sopraffatti dalle sfide e dalle contraddizioni del loro tempo, Saint-Exupéry si erge come un pensatore critico. La sua scrittura è intrisa di una filosofia che non si impone, ma si offre come un invito a riflettere. La sua capacità di fondere il pensiero filosofico con la poetica gli consente di esplorare temi complessi come l'amore, la solitudine, la ricerca di senso e la bellezza della vita.

La Creazione come Atto di Conoscenza

In Saint-Exupéry, la creazione non è solo un atto artistico, ma anche un processo di conoscenza. La sua scrittura diventa un mezzo attraverso il quale l'autore cerca di comprendere il mondo e il posto dell'uomo al suo interno. Questa operazione di conglobare vita e conoscenza si manifesta in una prosa che è al contempo semplice e profonda, capace di toccare le corde più intime dell'animo umano. Le sue storie, pur nella loro apparente leggerezza, sono cariche di significato e invitano il lettore a riflettere sulla propria esistenza.

Un Dialogo con i Filosofi

Saint-Exupéry si colloca spesso al livello intellettuale dei più influenti filosofi del suo tempo. La sua capacità di affrontare questioni esistenziali e morali con una lucidità e una sensibilità uniche lo rende un interlocutore privilegiato nel panorama filosofico del XX secolo. La sua opera invita a una riflessione profonda, stimolando il lettore a interrogarsi su temi universali come la libertà, la responsabilità e la ricerca di verità. In questo senso, il suo pensiero si fa ponte tra la filosofia e la poesia, creando un dialogo fecondo tra le due discipline.

L'Universo del Sensibile e dell'Intellegibile

Un aspetto distintivo del pensiero di Saint-Exupéry è la sua capacità di penetrare in un universo in cui il sensibile eccede l'intellegibile. Le sue descrizioni poetiche della natura, delle relazioni umane e delle esperienze quotidiane si intrecciano con riflessioni più profonde, creando un tessuto narrativo ricco e stratificato. Questa fusione di sensazioni e pensieri consente al lettore di vivere un'esperienza totale, in cui la bellezza del mondo si rivela attraverso la lente della filosofia.

Conclusione

Il pensiero di Antoine de Saint-Exupéry rappresenta un esempio straordinario di come la filosofia e la poetica possano coesistere e arricchirsi reciprocamente. La sua capacità di affrontare le complessità della vita umana con una sensibilità unica lo colloca tra i grandi pensatori e poeti del XX secolo. Attraverso la sua opera, Saint-Exupéry ci invita a riflettere, a sognare e a cercare un significato più profondo nell'esistenza, rendendo la sua scrittura un atto di creazione che continua a ispirare generazioni di lettori.

@ 592295cf:413a0db9

November 18th week

Let's proceed step by step, calm and reason.

Bluesky is only 5 doubles from Twitter, now has its own network effect.

Article of Hodlbod. The state of the art of Key management

nostr:nevent1qqsgpckkyck5m58gux5xst03ls68xxfz0ep2ndws6s039492vxvtc7spp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqprdmhxue69uhksmmyd33x7epwvdhhyctrd3jjuar0dak8xq3qjlrs53pkdfjnts29kveljul2sm0actt6n8dxrrzqcersttvcuv3qcxhke2

The problem is how a user creates an account. Will fix It.

If you have a signer account like Amber, nsec app, all right, then it says remove all logins And ask the user how he wants to login.

Bluesky is an anti Trump and Elon Musk movement. It started with Brazil the significant exodus, the thing had a certain amount of stability and began to arrive a lot of people. So it's a sort of political party hanging against.

Nostr is still made by fixed stars, there are many stars but they are still firm in the sky.

Rod made n8n ocKnamo bot

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqx760c0h894a5tg7lxgr8k506twrv2qs0yxln0nz7kgs8zae03xeqy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qg4waehxw309ahx7um5wghx77r5wghxgetk9uqzqjgxwlfdru3zzcee0sxk8d0dddwj4tu3xp00gwahy2t0n5k2se6uu8p7fk

This is interesting, ocknamo Is a rock, keep pushing

Roadmap are bullshit, you spend the time to the the actual things, sure if a groups ok

I read Hodlbod's spech in practice with the tilde wants to create rooms, then there is the space that is the carcass we are very close to what is Unanimity, but it's fine with much more refining, but at the cost of being unique.

Discord vs Telegram

I downloaded three Nostr apps, I called it Atlas instead of Olas, zapstore and flotilla (removing Coracle).

Olas would be nice if he had the feature awards on the photo and Zap 😉.

Zap store continues to mark me an update of minibits, but minibits updates in the app, I also updated to a new version, however maybe it is a different type of app. Putting the key does not seem to have changed a comma the app. But then I realized it's about the app signers. The signers who followed the signers that are in your WoT, the signers that are in your lists 😉. It does not divide Nostr apps from Nostr, but it works.

Olas there is no focus on the media server, maybe if you have a new account it's all explained. Problems with dark mode and filter. I would like the idea of switching videos and pictures, can be something you can do in the settings

photos (home) video (other button) And maybe there's a flip button 😅 So Instagram becomes tik tok. The focus must be in creating content. Ok. Olas allows you to upload only images for the moment and shorts from other Nostr apps. For some reason, I don't hear video audio, maybe some permission to give.

Flotilla, if you connect with nsec.app creates a Nostr connect token from flotilla and enter it in nsec.app, asks for permissions and lists them and goes.

With this test account, I don't follow anyone using it to feed on Coracle. The app also suggests people to contact. There is also a space for personal notes. Then there are spaces. And it basically shows you the Relays and here the situation is a little confused. Although I know that there is a space/group called flotilla I am not able to find it, maybe you need the invitation code that is in the link. Also copying it I couldn't enter but the approach is that I think. flotilla link This was the link.

Maybe Hodlbod takes a step back and joins Unanimity. I don't think a step back is a possibility.

Maybe there are updates and they make a specific base workflow Relays based group and then the various branches NIP-29 chachi and 0xchat and the others (Telegram group) Flotilla (discord) It seems like there is a reconciliation at least to converge everyone 😉 "shallow reply hierarchies"

Kohei is also mentioned 🤙 NFC card article An interesting article

nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzqx760c0h894a5tg7lxgr8k506twrv2qs0yxln0nz7kgs8zae03xeqy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qg3waehxw309ahx7um5wgh8w6twv5hsqzr9v3jx2wpn8qmsz4edqe

---

Marketplace on Nostr Help to test yojimble

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzphn4avwh5e38spagmlc0kvmulnccnelf479tvg5ldz8kv3cscvq5qy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qpqw7f0ja820er7d2jfa4vq9upelw88ejha6hcvj5gxt7gqnz646r8ql2a2cp

That's all!!

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Table Of Content

• Content

• Conclusion

• FAQ

• You May Also Like

• External Links

If you want to invest in the cryptocurrency market, you have many options, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, and several altcoins. But there are also backdoors into the cryptosphere that may be used to learn more. If you want to invest in cryptocurrency but don't want to actually purchase any, here's what you need to know:

KEY TAKEAWAYS

• Investing in cryptocurrency presents some new and unusual challenges.

• Due to the high degree of volatility associated with cryptocurrency investments, some people opt to put their money into more tried and true investment vehicles instead.

• Many mutual funds and stocks are available that are tied to the bitcoin industry, allowing you to indirectly participate in the market.

What Is Indirect Crypto Investing?

You may still get cryptocurrency without signing up for a cryptocurrency exchange account. Indirect bitcoin investments allow you to acquire exposure to the market without actually purchasing any cryptocurrency. Stocks, mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds are some examples of the conventional investment vehicles that are used for indirect investing (ETFs).

There are, once again, both benefits and drawbacks to think about, such as safety, costs, and the possibility of losses. You should think carefully about whether or not an indirect investment is worth it to you when considering whether or not to acquire cryptocurrencies via a third party.

Crypto ETFs and Mutual Funds

The first alternative to acquiring cryptocurrency outright is via investment funds. Grayscale Bitcoin Trust is one of the first significant participants in this offering (GBTC). It has some of the same features as an ETF but is treated quite differently under the law. But if you invest in GBTC via your brokerage account, you'll get the same outcome as if you bought a Bitcoin fund. The value of the investment will rise and fall in tandem with the fluctuating Bitcoin market.

The high expenditure ratio of 2% is a significant drawback of grayscale. Simply put, they add 2% to the purchase price of Bitcoin to cover the cost of keeping it in a wallet under your name. Avoid the 2% maintenance cost by doing it on your own.

Besides the aforementioned Bitwise 10 Crypto Index Fund, there are also the ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BITO), the Valkyrie Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BTF), the VanEck Bitcoin Strategy ETF (XBTF), the Global X Blockchain and Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BITS), and the VanEck Global X Bitcoin Index Fund (GBXB) (BITW). It is important to read the prospectus and understand the fund's fees and underlying investments since they might vary widely.

Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Stocks

Stocks of firms involved in the blockchain sector or those that invest in or hold bitcoin may provide investors with exposure to the cryptocurrency market.

Companies in the cryptocurrency business provide a variety of services, including mining, software development, and more. Bitfarms (BITF), HIVE (HIVE), Canaan (CAN), and Riot Blockchain (RIOT) are just a few of the stocks availablet, and more. Bitfarms (BITF), HIVE (HIVE), Canaan (CAN), and Riot Blockchain (RIOT) are just a few of the stocks available. The cryptocurrency exchange and stock market platform Coinbase (COIN) is a major player in the industry.

In the event of a general downward trend in cryptocurrency values, many cryptocurrency stocks tend to perform poorly as well. If you have any worries about your investing choices or goals, you should see a trustworthy financial adviser.

Bonus Tip: Credit Card Rewards

Finally, credit card rewards are a great way to add to your bitcoin holdings without having to part with any hard dollars. You can use your credit card as you like—swipe, touch, dip, click—and earn cryptocurrency in the process with a few different cards.

The BlockFi Rewards Visa Signature card, the Gemini Credit Card, and the Upgrade Bitcoin Rewards Visa card are all exceptional options for individual bitcoin holders. Both the Crypto.com and Coinbase exchanges provide rewards cards.

The personal SoFi credit card and the Venmo credit card are two examples of cards that provide you with a wide range of redemption possibilities, including bitcoin. Earning cryptocurrency as a credit card reward is like investing in cryptocurrency without really purchasing any. No matter what happens to the price of cryptocurrency, you still stand to gain since you didn't have to spend any money to get it.

What is Cryptocurrency?

Secure transactions may be made in what is known as "cryptocurrency," a digital or virtual currency established through the use of cryptographic procedures. There is no government or bank in charge of it, as there is with fiat currency.

What is Bitcoin?

Bitcoin, the first successful decentralized cryptocurrency, was founded in 2008 by an unknown person or group of people named Satoshi Nakamoto. It's a kind of digital currency that can be safely transferred from one user to another through the web.

Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?

The person or individuals behind the creation of the Bitcoin protocol and the first cryptocurrency in 2008 are often referred to by the alias "Satoshi Nakamoto." Nakamoto was active in the bitcoin and blockchain communities until about 2010.

Conclusion

Cryptocurrencies have been called "the next big thing" in technology. Those who want to get in on the new technology without taking undue risks might consider investing indirectly in crypto. This will increase the portfolio's diversification and help spread out the associated risk.

FAQ

Do I need a cryptocurrency wallet to make an investment? To protect your bitcoin holdings, you need to get a wallet. However, if you want to test the waters before diving in headfirst, platforms like PayPal and Robinhood make it easy to acquire and store small amounts of cryptocurrency. However, the private key to these wallets is held securely by the wallet provider.

To what cryptocurrency does one have the least amount of difficulty allocating funds? Ethereum is seen as a good cryptocurrency to invest in by many, particularly those just starting out in the industry. Since the value of Ethereum's currency (ETH) goes up with the number of active nodes on the network, we can assume that the price of ETH will go up as more decentralized applications (dApps) and other projects are built and launched on Ethereum.

In what timeframe can a single bitcoin be mined? One bitcoin may be mined in around 10 minutes with the right gear and software, but this setup can be expensive and is only available to a select group of people. The average user can mine a bitcoin in 30 days, which is both common and reasonable.

That's all for today

If you want more, be sure to follow us on:

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DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ f8a5df57:b7a58cd4

Содержание сюжета:

Вчера в Москве состоялась долгожданная премьера нового фильма известного режиссера Дмитрия Макракова «Все или ничего». Мероприятие прошло в одном из самых престижных кинотеатров столицы и собрало множество звезд отечественного кино, а также поклонников творчества режиссера.

«Все или ничего» — это драмеди, рассказывающая о сложных взаимоотношениях между друзьями, которые решают рискнуть всем ради исполнения своей мечты. Фильм затрагивает темы дружбы, предательства и поиска себя в современном мире. Главные роли исполнили популярные актеры, которые уже успели завоевать сердца зрителей.

Реакция зрителей. После просмотра зрители были в восторге от глубины сюжета и мастерства актерской игры. Многие отметили, что фильм заставляет задуматься о важности выбора и последствиях, которые он может иметь. В социальных сетях пользователи активно делятся своими впечатлениями, подчеркивая эмоциональную насыщенность картины.

На пресс-конференции после премьеры Дмитрий Макраков отметил, что создание этого фильма стало для него настоящим вызовом. «Я хотел показать, как иногда мы готовы рисковать всем ради своих мечтаний, но не всегда понимаем, к каким последствиям это может привести», — заявил он.

Премьера «Все или ничего» стала ярким событием в культурной жизни Москвы и уже привлекла внимание критиков и зрителей. Фильм обещает стать одним из главных кинопроектов сезона и, возможно, получит признание на международных фестивалях. Не упустите возможность увидеть эту увлекательную историю на большом экране!

Автор: Рината Ситникова

@ 8cd9d25d:69e9894d

Chef's notes

Note that youtube recipe is asking for 1tablespoon of salt, which is waaaaaay too much. Recipe works fine with a teaspoon,, but your mileage may vary. Play around with it.

You don't need to prove modern packet yeasts in my experience... just yolo it.

If you want an extra crispy crust, add a second baking pan to the base of the oven as you pre-heat. Then once you've placed the dough in, to the oven, take some boiling water and pour into the second baking tray. This gives you a steam oven on a budget :)

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 15min (not including time for dough rises)
• 🍳 Cook time: 30mins
• 🍽️ Servings: 4-5

Ingredients

• 500 grams wholemeal spelt flour
• 1 packet baker's yeast (10grams)
• 350 ml lukewarm water
• 350 ml lukewarm water
• 1 teaspoon salt 🧂

Directions

1. Preheat your oven to Preheat oven to 430°F and put a baking tray in at the same time to heat up.
2. Add all ingredients to a bowl (best to use a stand mixer to save time, but you can do by hand too. Mix and knead until the dough comes together. After about 5 mins you should have a moist dough that doesn't stick to your hands... if it is a bit sticky, just add a bit more flour (different flours like differenent amounts of water)... If too dry, add a bit more water... etc.
3. Remove dough from bowl & form into a ball (smooth on top, never mind if not perfectly smooth on its base). Put back in a bowl and cover with a damp cloth. Allow to rest for 30mins/1hr until dough has roughly doubled in size. Time will depend on the ambient temp where you are. In the tropics, 30mins is just fine.
4. Take risen dough out of bowl and put on a floured surface and press the gas out of it... flatten the dough with your hands, and then fold each edge in until you have a rectangle (video makes this bit clear). Then roll the rectangle up into a cylinder. This gives you a nice tight dough for baking. Pinch the ends of the cylinder to seal the dough.
5. Place dough onto a baking sheet/ piece of parchment paper etc... cover with damp towlel and let rise for 15/30mins
6. Score the risen dough (a razer blade, clean box cutter, or serrated knife works well) , this lets steam escape from the loaf as it bakes without slpititng it in ways you wouldn't like.
7. Take your hot baking tray out of the over and transfer your dough onto it. Put into oven.
8. Bake at 430°F (220°C) for 15mins, then reduce oven temp to 350°F (180°C) for the final 15mins. Total bake time 30mins.
9. Remove from oven and allow to cool for 20-30mins.

@ 72db3731:6c79f5a6

I have to imagine a water stream falling on a rock, even if sometimes there is drought on the river or some object are blocking the water stream, the rock will eventually break.

There is no perfection, aim for perfection, but know that it does not exist, there is no perfect routine, there is no perfect life.

But I'm aiming for a perfect life anyway.

Remember, your life will have countless imperfections and you'll make several errors.

But don't give up.

I haven't done much.

Started studying English in Duolingo, looking for a complete lesson for each language, minimum.

2024-11-22 23:00 NoFap, NoSoda, NoAlcohol and NoReels.

Installed leechblock extension, removed any reddit clients on the phone and removed instagram.

@ 5af07946:98fca8c4

US natives think $USD is a currency - for the rest of the world it is an asset . Just like #bitcoin.

The way Microstrategy accumulates bitcoin , all central banks collect US debt - a fancier word for US Dollar. As of April 2024, the five countries that hold the most US debt are:

• Japan: $1.1 trillion
• China: $749.0 billion
• United Kingdom: $690.2 billion
• Luxembourg: $373.5 billion
• Canada: $328.7 billion

Compare this global stake to 15 odd billions that #Microstrategy has in bitcoin. The way Microstrategy wants to protect bitcoin network , central banks want to protect #USD. Which means they all resist any change in capital structure. Not even bitcoin.

Thus the peaceful path for bitcoin is to become the reserve strategic asset for United States and thus for rest of the world. The other path is literally fighting governments worldwide ..

There is however one more opportunity - that is if people all around world adopt #SATs - which is why success of #nostr is so critical ! And other lightning apps - #LNCalendar , #StackerNews , #Fountain

In reality , both these things can happen simultaneously - that would be real freedom - Top down and Bottom up.

@ 63d59db8:be170f6f

This ongoing series "Better Together" features surreal settings I have been creating by combining two different photographs that I've shot. I enjoy the challenge of creating something completely new out of two photos that otherwise have nothing to do with each other. There is no other editing or manipulation done to these images besides connecting them at one meeting line.

Visit Pat's website to see more

NOICE Magazine’s Visual Expression Awards are designed to spotlight creativity in photography, welcoming both emerging and seasoned artists. Each submission is now part of our dynamic prize pool, currently at $120 / 121,956 sats and growing with each new entry, with immediate exposure opportunities on our website and social channels.

Choose a Standard or Premium submission to suit your needs and have your work thoughtfully reviewed for form, originality, and impact. A quarterly cash prize from the dynamic pool goes to one standout entry, helping fund your next creative project. Deadline: December 31, 2024.

Submit your work here

@ 2dd9250b:6e928072

O Calvinismo, como Cosmovisão diverge do Conservadorismo Tradicionalista (postulado por Burke, Scruton, Jordan Peterson e outros). Isso tem se demonstrado de forma evidente hoje ao passo que quando se fala em Conservadorismo, os comentaristas mais lembrados são Olavo de Carvalho, Guilherme Freire e os Hosts do Brasil Paralelo.

Portanto, é inegável que escritores, apresentadores e donos de Canais ditos Conservadores, na verdade são Católicos Romanos falando para um público Católico Romano. E quando citam os "Protestantes", ninguém sabe ao certo, de quem eles estão falando. Uma vez que nós não somos meros Evangélicos, somos Reformados.

Historicamente, o grupo que mais se opôs aos Católicos Romanos foram os Calvinistas Puritanos no Século XVII. As Confissões Reformadas (de Westminster de 1647 e a de Londres de 1689) trazem um teor anti-papista na maioria de seus capítulos e artigos de fé.

Isso nos mostra que há um real conflito, ou uma disputa, concernente a quem pertence o termo "Conservador" no Brasil. Uma vez que, para um Católico Romano Tradicionalista, Evangélicos são Esquerdistas/Satanistas indo para o inferno junto com Lutero e Calvino e todo o estrago que o Progressismo vem fazendo no Mundo, tem sua causa na Secularização do Ocidente que se originou na Reforma de Lutero.

Em contrapartida, Evangélicos em geral, são mais amistosos, defendendo uma certa união com os Romanistas para frear o avanço de Pautas ideológicas/identitárias que vão de encontro aos costumes, valores, fé e tradição Cristãos. Mas a que preço? E mais importante: Essa união (ou apropriação do termo Conservador) com o Romanistas tem algum fundamento Bíblico?

Existem vários aspectos que podemos analisar para chegarmos a uma resposta satisfatória. Mas irei trazer aqui apenas um aspecto. O Casamento. É inegável para todo mundo que se diz Conservador, ou que está próximo disso, que o mundo pós - moderno tenta enfraquecer/ridicularizar o Homem e enaltecer/empoderar a Mulher (exemplo disso é uma noiva se negando a dizer “prometo ser submissa” em uma Cerimônia de Casamento, deixando o noivo e o padre desconcertados) . Mas é só analisarmos mais de perto a definição de casamento no Conservadorismo e o que ele representa, para entendemos que o Conservador (ou seja, Católico Romano) não parte do mesmo ponto de partida do Cristão Reformado para argumentar a favor do casamento tradicional.

Para nós Cristãos Reformados o Casamento é um Pacto. Nesse sentido, tem mais valor do que um mero acordo ou Contrato entre as partes porque é um símbolo. A Bíblia usa a ilustração de Cristo como Noivo e a igreja como noiva (Mt 25:1-13; Ef 5:32) por isso o marido assume a missão de 'proteger e cultivar’¹ sua esposa e a esposa se submete ao marido. Submissão na Bíblia significa se submeter a mesma missão. No caso, a mulher ajuda o marido nessa missão. Logo há uma parceria onde um complementa o outro, cada um na sua função (Efésios 5:25-31).

Além disso, O matrimônio foi ordenado para o mútuo auxílio de marido e mulher, para a propagação da raça humana por uma sucessão legítima e da Igreja por uma semente santa, e para impedir a impureza. (Gn. 2:18, e 9:1; Ml.2:15; I Co. 7:2,9). ²

Portanto , a compreensão Pactual Bíblica do casamento supera qualquer visão política/social Tradicionalista como o Conservadorismo.³

No Conservadorismo há apenas um clamor por preservação dos costumes judaico/cristãos fundamentais para civilização ocidental, mas como isso será feito, não é muito claro. Por isso o conservador brasileiro ganhou esse estereótipo de hipócrita. A favor do casamento tradicional, sendo que já está no 3°,4° casamento. Contra o Lobby gay , drogas, ideologia de gênero etc, mas a favor do aumento do Estado para frear essas pautas identitárias/progressistas ao invés de pregar, crendo que o Evangelho de Jesus transforma vidas. E vidas transformadas pelo Espírito Santo muda toda uma sociedade. Portanto, o Conservador zela pela preservação de costumes e virtudes, apenas exteriormente, levando em consideração conservar o Bem e frear o Mal, em favor de uma mudança gradual da sociedade.

Por isso eu não me considero Conservador (pelo menos não aos moldes do Conservadorismo Tradicionalista dos Papistas). Costumes e valores devem ser observados não por imposição de Leis Juspositivistas, endossando a interferência do Estado na vida privada dos cidadãos, mas pela manifestação do Poder do Evangelho na vida de pessoas regeneradas pelo Espírito Santo que, junto da Igreja Universal de Cristo, testemunham e agem conforme a Lei do Senhor.

1."Cultivar e Guardar" são duas palavras que resumem o mandamento de Deus para o Homem. No contexto de Gênesis 2:15, Deus ordenou a Adão proteger e cultivar tudo que estava no jardim do Edem, incluindo sua mulher, Eva.

2.CFW Cap.24. Artigo II.

3.Esse texto é totalmente de minha autoria e estava há um bom tempo querendo escrever sobre isso.

@ 97c70a44:ad98e322

This week I finally released Flotilla, a discord/slack-like client I've been working on for about three months. This project began as a NIP 29 client, and after 3 PRs, lots of discussion, a podcast, and a partial implementation, I decided to go my own way.

This of course means that I broke compatibility with all the NIP 29 group clients out there, but I did it for good reasons. In this post I hope to explain those reasons, and speculate on how best to move forward with "relay-based" groups on nostr.

To give you some quick context, NIP 29 and my approach to groups (which I'll dub "relays-as-groups" for clarity) are very similar, with a fundamental difference. Both have chat, join requests, group metadata, membership, moderation, etc. However, the basic unit of a NIP 29 group is a random group id string, while the basic unit of a Flotilla group is a relay itself.

I believe this design difference emerged in part because of what we were attempting to build. NIP 29 groups tend to be more telegram-like, where groups function more like chat rooms, and users join each one individually. On flotilla, groups function more like Discord servers, or Slack workspaces, and users join an entire group of chat rooms at once.

"Relays as groups" has four major advantages over "groups hosted by relays".

Decentralization

First, using relays as groups supports decentralization better than hosting user-managed groups on relays.

(To be clear here, I'm not referring to client-managed groups, which is a whole different approach that we've experimented with in the past, both with NIP 72 communities and with NIP 87 encrypted groups. Both NIP 29 and relays-as-groups solve many of the consistency problems associated with attempting to have a linear, synchronous conversation across multiple relays. While both alternatives have a story for migrating or mirroring a group, both rely heavily on the host relay to not censor user messages.)

I know what you're thinking. How can reducing the number of relays improve decentralization? Relays were originally introduced in order to create redundancy and spread trust across many actors, creating censorship resistance. This model was difficult for many bitcoiners to wrap their heads around, because it's a very different kind of decentralization than what a blockchain delivers.

Communities are an essentially different use case from a broadcast network where content is delivered based on author or recipient relay selections. Every message to a community would have to be delivered to all members of the community. Sending each message to all members' personal inbox relays just doesn't make sense; there has to be some other inbox for the community to work off of.

Additionally, online communities almost always have moderators and admins. This is even true of very public, open types of communities, like subreddits. The only type of community that doesn't have moderators is one that emerges naturally from social clustering. And even in that case there is loose consensus about who is in and who isn't, based on the actions/follows/mutes of the participants, whether these clusters are huge or tiny. Socially-emergent groups are served well by chat applications or broadcast networks.

But the subset of online communities that do prefer to confer moderator status on certain members are essentially centralized. In other words, centralization and control is a feature, not a bug.

Now, that doesn't mean there don't need to be considerations around credible exit and removing/adding moderators over time. But the fact is that moderator-led communities are always under the oversight of the moderators at any given time, even if the identity of those moderators changes and their power is limited.

What this implies is that decentralization for moderator-led groups looks very different from decentralization for a broadcast network. There is nothing at all wrong with giving moderators full control over the group's communications (qua the group; DMs and public broadcast content between group members should happen outside the group's infrastructure, just as people also exist outside the communities they are a part of). What is important is that no one has control over groups that they aren't nominally the admin of.

In concrete terms, what this all means is that community moderators should self-host their infrastructure. This is the same principle as motivates self-custody and home servers, but applied to communities. If community leaders manage their own relays, this means that no hosting company or relay admin can de-platform their community. Centralization of network infrastructure in this case aligns with the trust structure of the group.

Applying this to our group dilemma, it's easy to see that NIP 29 groups are more vulnerable to censorship or data harvesting attacks by malicious relay admins, since many unrelated groups might live on a single relay. In contrast, if you treat relays as groups themselves, every group is forced to live on a separate relay, spreading risk across more hosting providers.

Now, this doesn't necessarily mean that many "relays" aren't "virtual relays" managed by the same hosting provider. So I'll admit that even "relay-based" groups don't completely solve this problem. But I think it will tend to nudge community organizers toward thinking about community infrastructure in a more self-sovereign (or community-sovereign) way.

Investment in Relays

While both NIP 29 and relays-as-groups rely heavily on relays to implement the features that support each specification, there's an important difference between the feature sets. In NIP 29, relay support is specific only to groups, and isn't applicable to other use cases. In contrast, every protocol feature added to support the "relays as groups" can be re-purposed for other types of relays.

Take join requests for example. NIP 29's kind 9021 events allow users to request access to a group, and that's all. Kind 28934 join requests on the other hand allow users to request access to relays. Which in the relays-as-groups model means group access, but it also means custom feed access, inbox relay access, maybe even blossom server access. In fact, kind 28934 was originally proposed at the beginning of this year in order to support a different version of hosted groups, but remains as relevant as it ever was despite iteration on groups.

The orthogonality of features added to relays to any specific use case will long-term result in simpler specs, and more interesting relay-based use cases being possible. Join requests are only one example. The same is true of 1984-based moderation, the proposed LIMITS command, AUTH, NIP 11 relay metadata, etc.

We already have web of trust relays, feed relays, archival relays, and many more. Being able to request access to closed versions of these is useful. Being able to signal federation between multiple instances of these, run by different people, is useful. And of course, relay metadata, reports, and LIMITS are self-evidently useful for normal relays, since they pre-date Flotilla.

I've always said that relays are some of the coolest and most under-appreciated parts of nostr. This doesn't mean that we should add every possible feature to them, but features related to data curation and access control fit really well with what relays are good for. For more on the role of relays and what features should be added to them, see my nostrasia talk Functional Relays.

Declarative vs Imperative

A common paradigm in programming is that of declarative vs imperative programming. Imperative programming focuses on "how" to achieve a given result, leaving "what" the code is doing to be inferred by the programmer. Declarative programming instead focuses on the "what", and allows some underlying implementation to solve the how. A good balance between these paradigms (and knowing when to use one over the other) allows programmers to work faster, make fewer mistakes, and produce less code.

Another way to look at this is that a specification should contain as much ambiguity as possible, but without compromising the system attributes the specification is supposed to guarantee. It can get complex when figuring out what attributes are core to the specification, since sometimes the "how" does actually matter a lot.

However, nostr in particular falls pretty far along the "declarative" end of this spectrum because of its decentralized nature. The only person who can say anything with any authority is the person who signs an event. This event is a "declaration", and any effects it has are necessarily up to the relays, clients, and people interpreting the event. However, what others do with an event is an expectation that must be taken into account by the publisher, forming a feedback loop. This dialectic is what creates stability in the protocol.

In more concrete terms, no one can "tell" anyone else what they have to do by publishing an event like you might in a traditional, centralized RPC-type system. Any event whose semantics are a "command" rather than a "fact" or "request" is broken unless the counter party is fully committed to carrying out the command. An example of a "command" scenario on nostr is NIP 46 remote signing, in which the bunker is the agent of the user making the request. If the bunker implementation fails to carry out a valid command initiated by the user, its interpretation of that event is objectively incorrect.

NIP 29 applies this same paradigm to relays, particularly in the area of moderation, membership edits, and group metadata. In other words, there are several "commands" which instruct the relay to do something.

This isn't necessarily a bad thing, but it does increase the number of things the interface between the client and relay have to agree on. A regular relay may accept an add-user request, but then do nothing with it, violating the contract it has implicitly accepted with the user. The solution to this is feature detection, which is a whole other API to be specified and implemented.

My ideal solution to this problem is to shift the semantics of events away from "commands" to "facts" - in other words, to make the interface more declarative.

In fact, we already have an interface for moderation that works like this. Many clients support kind 1984 "report" events. Users sending these reports have no expectations about how they will be used. They are a "fact", a declaration of opinion with certain semantics. Other actors in the network may choose whether or not to pay attention to these.

This same model is easily applied to communities. Without having to implement any feature detection (either for the relay's implementation, or for the user's role on that relay), anyone can simply send a "report". This goes into the black hole of the relay, and may subsequently be ignored, broadcasted, or acted on.

The really nice thing about this model is that because there is no expectation for "how" reports are to be interpreted, any approach to moderation can be used depending on relay policy or client implementation. In NIP 29, if you issue a delete-event, it either happens or it doesn't and if it doesn't, you have to explain the failure to the user somehow.

In the relays-as-groups model, e-tagging an event in a kind 1984 requires no user feedback, and therefore it can be interpreted however the relay prefer. This can result in insta-banning, manual review, thresholds based on number of reporters, a leaky-bucket social score algorithm, shadow banning, temporary banning, soft-moderation by allowing clients to request reports and respond to them by changing user interface elements, or anything else you can think of.

The reason I think this is important is that community moderation is a very hard problem, and baking certain semantics into the specification can result in the complete failure of the spec. NIP 72 should be considered an example of what not to do. Some NIP 72 communities have survived due to the dedication of the moderators, but many more have failed because of the rigid moderation model. We should try not to make the same mistake again.

Conclusion

Now, having said all that, I think there is actually a lot of value to NIP 29. What finally clicked for me this week after releasing Flotilla is that the two approaches are actually complementary to one another. One of the most common feature requests I've already heard for flotilla is to have more complete support for rooms, which are currently implemented as not much more than hashtags. Better rooms (i.e., "nested groups") would require: authentication, membership, moderation, and pretty much everything else that exists for the top-level group.

As much as I believe the relays-as-groups approach is superior to NIP 29 for top-level groups, it doesn't make any sense to try to "nest" relays to create sub-groups. Something like NIP 29 is needed in order to fully support rooms anyway, so I think the convergence of the two approaches is all but inevitable. In fact, fiatjaf has already merged a PR which will allow me to use the same event kinds in flotilla as exist already in NIP 29 clients.

There are just a few more changes that are necessary in order for me to fully adopt NIP 29 in Flotilla:

• NIP 29 feature detection
• Opaque ids for unmanaged groups prevent unmanaged groups from having human-readable names
• We need a mechanism for building membership lists without relay support
• Better handling for 9021 group join requests

I've opened PRs for each of these (linked above). Hopefully we can work through these issues and combine our powers to become the Captain Planet of group implementations.

@ 65912a7a:5dc638bf

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 5 min
• 🍳 Cook time: 30 min
• 🍽️ Servings: 12

Ingredients

• 12-14oz fresh cranberries
• 1⅓ cup packed brown sugar
• 1 cup raisins
• 1 orange, peeled & chopped
• 1 cup water

Directions

1. Using medium sauce pan, simmer cranberries and water for 5-6 min. Cranberries will start to pop.
2. Add brown sugar, raisins, and chopped orange to the berries.
3. Bring to a simmer and continue to cook for 20 min. Stir often to prevent sticking. Remove from heat.
4. Let set until room temp. Mixture will thicken as it cools.
5. Put in a covered container and keep refrigerated. Lasts for about 2 weeks.

@ 319ad3e7:cc01d50a

Candied Pecans by Double00Satoshi

Details⏲️ Prep time: 10 🍳 Cook time: 45 🍽️ Servings: 16

Ingredients

• 1/4 cup light brown sugar
• 1/4 cup granulated sugar
• 1 tablespoon ground cinnamon
• 1 teaspoon salt
• 1 pound unsalted pecans halves
• 1 egg white
• 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract
• 1 teaspoon water

Directions

Preheat oven to 300 degrees F. Line a large baking sheet with parchment paper and set aside. In a bowl, add sugars, cinnamon, and salt. Whisk until combined. Set aside. In a large bowl, whisk the egg white, vanilla, and water together until frothy. Add the pecans and gently toss until the pecans are well coated. Add the sugar and cinnamon mixture and toss until pecans are covered. Spread the pecans out in a single layer on prepared baking sheet. Bake for about 30-45 minutes, stirring every 15 minutes. Remove from the oven and let the pecans cool on the baking sheet. When completely cool, store in an airtight container for up to 1 month.

Deviled Eggs by Seth

Details ⏲️ Prep time: 20 min 🍳 Cook time: 15 min 🍽️ Servings: 6

Ingredients

• 6 hard boiled eggs, peeled
• 3 tablespoons of mayonnaise
• 1/2 teaspoon of soy sauce
• 1 teaspoon of Dijon mustard
• 1/2 stalk of celery, finely diced
• Salt and pepper

Directions

Cut eggs in half lengthwise and pop yolks out into bowl, mash with fork. Mix in mayonnaise, mustard, celery, soy sauce, salt and pepper. Whip until a creamy texture Scoop out fill and add to egg whites, heaping it slightly. Add garnish of choice Serve immediately or refrigerate before serving.

Bang Bang Shrimp by Hes ⚡️

Details ⏲️ Prep time: 20 min 🍳 Cook time: 20 min 🍽️ Servings: 4

Ingredients

• 1 pound shrimp
• 1 teaspoon granulated sugar
• ½ cup all-purpose flour
• ½ cup panko breadcrumbs
• 1 teaspoon salt
• ½ teaspoon black pepper
• ¼ teaspoon garlic powder
• ¼ teaspoon onion powder
• ¼ teaspoon dried basil
• 1 egg
• 1 cup milk
• 4 – 5 teaspoon chili garlic sauce
• 1 teaspoon rice vinegar
• ½ cup mayonnaise

Directions

Make the sauce: Mix mayonnaise, chili garlic sauce, sugar, and rice vinegar in a bowl. Refrigerate. Prepare for frying: a) Combine beaten egg and milk in one bowl. b) Mix flour, panko, and seasonings in another bowl. Bread the shrimp: a) Coat each shrimp in flour mixture. b) Dip in egg mixture. c) Coat again in flour mixture. d) Arrange on a plate and refrigerate for 20 minutes. Fry the shrimp: a) Heat oil to 350F in a dutch oven. b) Fry shrimp for 2-3 minutes until golden. c) Drain on wire rack or paper towels. Serve: a) Coat fried shrimp with ¼ cup sauce. b) Serve with remaining sauce on the side.

---

To Find More Recipes, go to Zap.Cooking

@ 9bd01740:8dc39de3

**THE IMPORTANT OF GETTING AN ONLINE SKILLS

Getting an online skill is something most of the youth not just in Nigeria alone should adopt. Some of my reason include 1 Base on the economy situation 2 To compete globally 3 Job opportunity

Many people want to acquire the knowledge but don't know where to start from. To be able to do that you have to 1 make research 2 if you have the money purchase a course 3 get a mentor in the field that you are about to dive in

Online skill to acquire include 1 web development 2 Digital marketing 3 Blockchain 4 cyber security 5 Internet of things 6 AI/ML 7 DevOps 8 data analysis 9 data science 10 product management and so on

Tips to be on track while learning 1 build your portfolio 2 be consistent 3 don't quite 4 be updated

@ 319ad3e7:cc01d50a

Candied Pecans by Double00Satoshi

Details⏲️ Prep time: 10 🍳 Cook time: 45 🍽️ Servings: 16

Ingredients

1. 1/4 cup light brown sugar
2. 1/4 cup granulated sugar
3. 1 tablespoon ground cinnamon
4. 1 teaspoon salt
5. 1 pound unsalted pecans halves
6. 1 egg white
7. 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract
8. 1 teaspoon water

Directions

• Preheat oven to 300 degrees F. Line a large baking sheet with parchment paper and set aside.
• In a bowl, add sugars, cinnamon, and salt. Whisk until combined. Set aside.
• In a large bowl, whisk the egg white, vanilla, and water together until frothy. Add the pecans and gently toss until the pecans are well coated. Add the sugar and cinnamon mixture and toss until pecans are covered.
• Spread the pecans out in a single layer on prepared baking sheet. Bake for about 30-45 minutes, stirring every 15 minutes.
• Remove from the oven and let the pecans cool on the baking sheet. When completely cool, store in an airtight container for up to 1 month.

https://zap.cooking/recipe/naddr1qq8xxctwv35k2epdwpjkxctwwvpzptythxcv6nvlhjf2ytg3exvnn70kmyw8u0kezmnjqjarddcz0zkvqvzqqqr4gu8q42lk

---

Deviled Eggs by Seth

Details ⏲️ Prep time: 20 min 🍳 Cook time: 15 min 🍽️ Servings: 6

Ingredients

1. 6 hard boiled eggs, peeled
2. 3 tablespoons of mayonnaise
3. 1/2 teaspoon of soy sauce
4. 1 teaspoon of Dijon mustard
5. 1/2 stalk of celery, finely diced
6. Salt and pepper

Directions

• Cut eggs in half lengthwise and pop yolks out into bowl, mash with fork
• Mix in mayonnaise, mustard, celery, soy sauce, salt and pepper.
• Whip until a creamy texture
• Scoop out fill and add to egg whites, heaping it slightly
• Add garnish of choice Serve immediately or refrigerate before serving

https://zap.cooking/recipe/naddr1qqtk2em8vdjkcmr9de6z6er9we5kcety94jkwemnqgs2wguqtndxwfg3j8y8sm6d5k8hjlnfwavzxqf4fw5wjx7tqdpde8qrqsqqqa2838r4n9

---

Bang Bang Shrimp by Hes ⚡️

Details ⏲️ Prep time: 20 min 🍳 Cook time: 20 min 🍽️ Servings: 4

Ingredients

• 1 pound shrimp
• 1 teaspoon granualted sugar
• ½ cup all-purpose flour
• ½ cup panko breadcrumbs
• 1 teaspoon salt
• ½ teaspoon black pepper
• ¼ teaspoon garlic powder
• ¼ teaspoon onion powder
• ¼ teaspoon dried basil
• 1 egg
• 1 cup milk
• 4 – 5 teaspoon chili garlic sauce
• 1 teaspoon rice vinegar
• ½ cup mayonnaise

Directions

Make the sauce: Mix mayonnaise, chili garlic sauce, sugar, and rice vinegar in a bowl. Refrigerate. Prepare for frying: a) Combine beaten egg and milk in one bowl. b) Mix flour, panko, and seasonings in another bowl. Bread the shrimp: a) Coat each shrimp in flour mixture. b) Dip in egg mixture. c) Coat again in flour mixture. d) Arrange on a plate and refrigerate for 20 minutes. Fry the shrimp: a) Heat oil to 350F in a dutch oven. b) Fry shrimp for 2-3 minutes until golden. c) Drain on wire rack or paper towels. Serve: a) Coat fried shrimp with ¼ cup sauce. b) Serve with remaining sauce on the side.

https://zap.cooking/recipe/naddr1qqgxyctwvukkyctwvukhx6rjd9khqq3qrjc54ve4sahunm7r0kpchg58eut7ttwvevst7m2fl8dfd9w4y33qxpqqqp65wg3yt3t

@ 6f14a106:75915122

Every now and then, a piece of tech comes along that makes you rethink what’s possible. Enter the Mac Mini M4 Pro. Apple’s smallest desktop has always been the quiet underdog of the lineup — humble, reliable, nothing to write home about. But this time? This time, Apple didn’t just update the Mac Mini; they supercharged it. And, spoiler alert, this little guy is kind of amazing.

Here’s why the Mac Mini M4 Pro is the most mind-blowing tech I’ve reviewed in ages.

Design: A Mini That’s Actually Tiny

First, let’s talk about size. The Mac Mini M4 Pro measures in at 12.7 cm x 12.7 cm with a height of 5 cm. That’s 20% smaller than its predecessor. It’s the kind of compact that makes you double-check your measurements, wondering how Apple managed to pack so much into such a tiny frame. It’s almost laughably small — imagine something barely bigger than an Apple TV but capable of powering high-res video editing and 3D modeling.

And yes, Apple kept that minimalist, brushed-aluminum aesthetic we all love. It’s light, it’s sleek, and it’s just understated enough to blend into any setup. But let’s not skip over the quirky part: the power button is on the bottom. Why, Apple? It’s like they needed one head-scratcher per product, and here it is. Sure, you’ll remember it’s there the first few times you set up, and then it’ll fade into that “it’s quirky but fine” category.

Ports: Thoughtful but Not Perfect

One of the best surprises with the M4 Pro is the port selection. Finally, Apple gave us two USB-C Thunderbolt 5 ports and a 3.5 mm headphone jack on the front, so you can plug in drives or headphones without fumbling behind the device. The back has three more Thunderbolt 5 ports, an HDMI port, and Gigabit Ethernet.

But before you start clapping, note that there’s still no USB-A or SD card slot. If you’re a photographer or someone who still works with older peripherals, you’ll need adapters. It’s not a dealbreaker, but it’s definitely something to keep in mind.

The M4 Pro Chip: More Than Just Numbers

Now, let’s get to what really matters: performance. The M4 Pro chip is where this Mac Mini flexes hard. With a 12-core CPU and a 20-core GPU, you’re looking at serious power — enough for 8K video editing, 3D rendering, and heavy multitasking. We’re talking about a 15% boost in multi-core performance and a 20% leap in graphics compared to the M2 Pro.

Need proof? The Geekbench 6 scores are wild: 4028 single-core and 23307 multi-core. These numbers put the Mac Mini M4 Pro in the same league as some Mac Studios, making you wonder if a Mac Studio is even necessary for many workflows. From editing high-res footage to running AI-driven tasks, this thing doesn’t just keep up; it leads.

Real-World Performance: A Day in the Life

So, what does that mean for day-to-day use? If you’re like me and your workflow involves jumping between editing software, a dozen Chrome tabs (don’t judge), and video calls, the M4 Pro handles it all like it’s no big deal. No lag, no stutter — just seamless multitasking.

The cooling system has been redesigned, too. Even under a full workload, the Mac Mini stays whisper-quiet. Gone are the days of fans whirring like jet engines when you’re rendering a video or running intensive apps. This thing just is, silently powering through tasks while you forget it’s even there.

Memory and Storage: Options Galore

One thing that caught my eye is how much memory and storage you can pack into this tiny beast. The M4 Pro starts with 24 GB of unified memory and can go up to 64 GB. Memory bandwidth is 273 GB/s, which means multitasking with heavy apps feels like second nature. Whether you’re editing 4K videos, working on large Photoshop files, or running development environments, the M4 Pro won’t break a sweat.

Storage-wise, the base model comes with 512 GB SSD, but you can upgrade to 8 TB if you’re working with massive projects or just don’t trust cloud storage. And speaking of storage speeds, this SSD is fast — reading speeds over 5000 MB/s, so you’re not sitting around waiting for files to load.

Display Support: A Game Changer for Creatives

If you work with multiple monitors, you’re going to love this. The M4 Pro supports up to two 6K displays at 60Hz or a single 8K display via HDMI. For video editors and graphic designers, this means more screen real estate to spread out timelines, edit layers, or run detailed previews — all without any lag.

A Few Drawbacks You Should Know About

Okay, not everything’s perfect, and you deserve to know the quirks before dropping your cash. First off, that power button placement on the bottom? It’s a design decision that’ll make you shake your head every time you reach for it. And while the port selection is mostly great, the lack of USB-A and SD card slot might mean carrying around more adapters.

Apple’s pricing ladder is another thing to keep an eye on. The base M4 Mac Mini at $599 is a steal, but once you start upgrading RAM and storage on the M4 Pro, you’re suddenly flirting with Mac Studio prices. It’s something to think about if you’re budget-conscious.

Who Is the Mac Mini M4 Pro For?

This is the question, right? If you’re a video editor, developer, or content creator who needs serious power without the bulk of a Mac Studio or the price tag of a Mac Pro, the M4 Pro is your sweet spot. It’s portable, powerful, and packs enough punch to handle demanding tasks without compromise.

If you’re more of a casual user — streaming, web browsing, and light productivity — the base M4 model will more than cover your needs and won’t make your wallet cry. But if you’re even considering heavy multitasking or creative work, the M4 Pro at $1,399 is worth the investment.

Why the Mac Mini M4 Pro Deserves Your Attention

The Mac Mini M4 Pro isn’t just another update — it’s a statement. Apple took what was already a beloved, compact powerhouse and turned it into something that feels almost futuristic. It’s small enough to forget about, powerful enough to replace much bigger machines, and versatile enough to fit into any setup, from home offices to professional studios.

Yes, it has its quirks (hello, power button), but they’re minor in the grand scheme of things. If you’re on the fence, let this be the push you need. The Mac Mini M4 Pro isn’t just one of the best products in Apple’s current lineup — it’s a reminder that sometimes, big things do come in small packages.

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If you are a content manager or regularly browse social media, you might have seen comments resembling this format:

"Thanks for sharing such valuable information! A bit off-topic, but I wanted to ask: My OKX wallet holds some USDT, and I have the seed phrase ([seed phrase here]). What's the best way to send them to Binance?"

This type of message is not a cry for help—it’s a carefully crafted trap. To avoid becoming a victim, always remember the golden rule: there is no free lunch.

How Does the Scam Work? At first glance, it seems puzzling—why would someone willingly post their wallet’s seed phrase, a crucial key to their funds? Isn’t sharing it the ultimate taboo in cryptocurrency security? The truth is that these scammers are banking on your greed and lack of caution. Here’s how the scam unfolds:

The Setup: The comment implies that there is free money (e.g., 500 USDT) sitting in the scammer's wallet, which they are too inexperienced or unable to transfer themselves. The seed phrase gives you access to this wallet, tempting you to retrieve the funds.

The Gas Fee Trap: Transferring tokens, such as USDT, from one wallet to another requires gas fees, which must be paid in the cryptocurrency native to the token's network. For example: • Ethereum network: Gas fees are paid in ETH. • Tron network: Gas fees are paid in TRX. • Solana network: Gas fees are paid in SOL. The scammer’s wallet conveniently lacks the required cryptocurrency to pay these gas fees. They rely on you to fund the wallet with the necessary tokens to complete the transfer.

The Sting: Thinking you’re about to "unlock" the 500 USDT in their wallet, you transfer a small amount of cryptocurrency (e.g., $10 worth of TRX) to cover the gas fees. However, the wallet is controlled by an automated bot (though it doesn’t have to be). As soon as your transaction is received, the bot instantly sweeps the funds to another wallet—one that you have no access to.

The Loss: You lose the cryptocurrency you transferred for the gas fee. While the individual amount might seem small, if enough people fall for the scam, the fraudsters rake in significant profits.

Why This Works This scam exploits basic human psychology: • Greed: The promise of free money clouds judgment. • Urgency: The fear that someone else will claim the "free funds" first pressures victims to act quickly. • Lack of knowledge: Not everyone understands gas fees or how wallets and seed phrases work.

Red Flags to Watch Out For • Public Seed Phrases: Legitimate users never share their seed phrases publicly. Anyone who does is either lying or completely reckless (and likely a scammer). • “Too Good to Be True” Offers: Free money claims are almost always scams, especially in the cryptocurrency world. • Urgency and Scarcity Tactics: Messages designed to make you act without thinking are a classic scam strategy.

What You Should Do • Ignore and Delete: If such a comment appears under your YouTube video or social media post, don’t engage. Delete the comment immediately to protect others. • Educate Your Audience: Warn your followers about this type of scam so they can recognize it and stay safe. • Stay Skeptical: Never rush into any deal involving cryptocurrency, especially one promising free money.

The Takeaway Cryptocurrency scams like this rely on greed, ignorance, and urgency. By understanding how they operate, you can protect yourself and others. Always remember: if it seems too good to be true, it probably is.

@ 705605d9:b4324038

В 2040 году Горноправдинск, малый город в Сибири, стал центром мирового молочного производства, после открытия крупнейшего в мире молочного комбината. Этот промышленный гигант, с мощностью переработки в десятки миллионов тонн молока в год, обещает не только революцию в отечественном производстве, но и серьезно повлиять на глобальные рынки сельскохозяйственной продукции, в том числе на рынок сливочного масла. Ожидается, что новый комбинат окажет значительное влияние на внешнюю торговлю и положение России на мировом рынке продовольствия.

Экономический контекст

Сливочное масло – один из важнейших продуктов молочной промышленности, который активно экспортируется в страны Азии, Европы и Северной Америки. Российские производители в последние десятилетия стремительно наращивали свои мощности, и открытие такого крупного объекта, как молочный комбинат в Горноправдинске, может стать катализатором для страны, чтобы стать ведущим игроком на этом рынке. Россия, в свою очередь, может занять более прочные позиции в торговле сливочным маслом за рубежом, конкурируя с такими крупнейшими экспортерами, как Новая Зеландия, Германия и Польша.

Молочный комбинат в Горноправдинске: изменения в структуре производства

Ожидаемое увеличение объемов производства сливочного масла с запуском нового молочного комбината в Горноправдинске связано с несколькими ключевыми факторами, которые делают данный проект особенно перспективным:

1. Современные технологии. Комбинат будет оснащен высокотехнологичным оборудованием для переработки молока, что повысит эффективность и качество продукции. Это дает России значительное преимущество на международных рынках, где высокие стандарты качества становятся важнейшим фактором для потребителей.

2. Просторные мощности. Новый комбинат, способный перерабатывать десятки миллионов тонн молока ежегодно, обеспечит не только внутреннее потребление, но и масштабные экспортные поставки. Это откроет новые рынки для российского сливочного масла, особенно в странах с растущим потреблением молочных продуктов, таких как Китай, Индия и страны Юго-Восточной Азии.

3. Экономия на масштабе. Масштабность производства позволяет снизить себестоимость продукции, что дает конкурентные преимущества на мировом рынке. Снижение цен на сливочное масло, особенно в условиях высокой конкуренции, станет важным фактором при выходе на зарубежные рынки.

Влияние на внешнюю торговлю и конкуренцию

Российский рынок сливочного масла исторически был ориентирован на внутреннее потребление, однако с развитием новых мощностей в Горноправдинске, страна может значительно увеличить объемы экспорта. Ведущими потребителями молочной продукции традиционно являются такие страны, как Германия, Великобритания, США, а также активно развивающиеся рынки Китая и Индии.

• Китай – крупнейший рынок для молочных продуктов, включая сливочное масло. Рост доходов китайских потребителей и увеличение спроса на качественные молочные продукты открывают огромные возможности для российских производителей. С учетом высокого уровня конкуренции со стороны новозеландских и австралийских производителей, российские компании могут выделиться за счет ценовой доступности и качества продукции.

• Европейский Союз – несмотря на высокие стандарты качества, рынок Европы остается важным для торговли сливочным маслом. Ожидается, что российские компании смогут расширить свою долю в Европе, конкурируя с польскими и немецкими производителями, предлагая более выгодные цены при неизменно высоком качестве продукции.

• Северная Америка – рынки США и Канады всегда были важными для молочной продукции, однако они также обладают сложной системой тарифов и квот. Россия, обладая крупными мощностями, может предложить экспорт сливочного масла с конкурентоспособными условиями, если смогут преодолеть бюрократические препятствия. Проблемы и вызовы

Несмотря на перспективы, российский экспорт сливочного масла столкнется с рядом вызовов. Одним из них является необходимость соответствия международным стандартам безопасности и качества, что потребует дополнительных инвестиций и контроля на всех этапах производства. Также стоит учитывать влияние мировых экономических факторов, таких как колебания валютных курсов, изменения в торговых отношениях и возможные торговые барьеры.

Кроме того, конкуренция со стороны традиционных поставщиков – таких стран, как Новая Зеландия и Австралия, будет оставаться высокоактуальной. Для того чтобы закрепиться на этих рынках, российским производителям предстоит работать над созданием имиджа качественного, но доступного продукта.

Заключение

Открытие крупнейшего молочного комбината в Горноправдинске – это не просто важный шаг для отечественной молочной промышленности, но и стратегический момент для глобальной торговли сливочным маслом. Россия получает уникальную возможность занять сильные позиции на международных рынках, предоставляя потребителям качественное и доступное сливочное масло. Однако для достижения долгосрочного успеха необходимы устойчивые усилия по улучшению качества продукции, соблюдению международных стандартов и борьбе с внешними экономическими вызовами.

@ 31312140:2471509b

What is Virology? \ \ Virology is the branch of science that deals with the study of viruses. Officially, it focuses on understanding how viruses operate, how they spread diseases, and how we can combat them. 🌐🔬 \ \ The Historical Context

Historically, the concept of viruses emerged as an explanation for diseases that couldn't be linked to bacteria. The early 20th century brought about major developments in this field, leading us to where we are today with an industry worth billions.

But here’s the kicker: many fundamental assumptions in virology remain unproven or underexplored. \ \ The Unproven Hypothesis \ \ Isolation Methods: In virology, "virus isolation" doesn’t mean what you think it means. Virus isolation often involves mixing samples with toxic chemicals and other cells, then observing the effects. The presence of a virus is inferred, not directly observed. 🚫🔍

Control Experiments: Proper scientific controls, where samples without believed viruses are treated the same way, often aren’t conducted or published in ways making them verifiable. 🧪❓

Electron Microscopy: While electron microscopes can visualize particles, interpretations are problematic. Similar structures (exosomes) naturally exist in the body and can be mistaken for viruses. 🕵️🔬 \ \ The Controversial Points \ \ PCR Testing: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests, widely used to detect viruses, can’t distinguish between live viruses and non-infectious viral fragments. It's an amplification technique, not a diagnostic tool. Famed inventor Kary Mullis himself cautioned against its misuse. ⚠️🔍

Genetic Sequencing: Viral genomes are often generated from computer models using fragmented genetic material from patient samples. This model can lead to inaccuracies and assumptions about the virus that aren’t directly observed. 🧬💻

Pathogenicity Proofs: No study unequivocally proves viruses alone cause diseases. Historical attempts, like those from the Spanish Flu era, failed to infect healthy individuals with presumed virus samples. \ \ Big Pharma Implications \ \ Big Pharma has a vested interest in propagating the viral causation theory:

Vaccines: Billions are made from vaccine sales. If virus causation is questioned, the foundation for vaccines crumbles.

Antivirals: Similarly, antiviral drugs rely on this belief. Without it, a major revenue stream is invalidated.

Pharmaceutical companies and regulatory bodies rarely challenge the status quo, leading to a cycle where treatments are promoted despite conflicting evidence. 💊💸 \ \ The Alternative Hypothesis \ \ Exosomes vs. Viruses: Exosomes, extracellular vesicles within our bodies, serve as cellular communication tools. They’re released under stress, similar to what we call “viruses.” Are our bodies creating what we interpret as “viruses” to heal or signal distress? 🧩🔍

Terrain Theory: This theory suggests that the body's internal environment, not an external pathogen, determines health. A healthy body repels illness, while a toxic internal environment invites disease. Terrain theorists argue we should focus on optimizing internal health rather than targeting external “invaders.” 🌱💚 \ \ Question Everything \ \ This exploration isn’t to say viruses categorically don’t exist but to highlight the holes and biases in mainstream virology. It’s about opening the conversation and asking critical, often uncomfortable questions.

If we reconsider virology’s foundational assumptions, what implications could this have for global health policies, pharmaceutical practices, and our understanding of diseases? The answers could reshape how we approach wellness and medical science entirely.

Remember, folks, the truth often lies beneath layers of accepted truths. Dive deeper, question more, and never settle for the surface narrative. 🚀🕵️‍♂️ \ \

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@ ef9ee5bf:3fe39164

Salvation in a Digital World

The drama of redemption unfolds as a cosmic narrative that transcends traditional spiritual salvation, extending into the digital realms where humanity now finds itself entangled. In this emerging reality, salvation is not solely a matter of freeing the soul from sin but of liberating the mind and body from technological control systems that seek to restrict human potential. As society becomes increasingly digital, the boundaries between spiritual and digital salvation blur. The digital realm has become a new battleground for the soul, with tools of surveillance, artificial intelligence, and centralized digital systems acting as the forces that shape reality. This battleground is not neutral; it is a contested space where unseen powers influence human behavior and thought, subtly steering individuals toward compliance and conformity. Surveillance, in particular, looms as a formidable obstacle, exerting a subtle yet profound pressure that limits the capacity for genuine spiritual freedom. It not only monitors but manipulates, narrowing the range of choices and thereby inhibiting the exercise of free will—a crucial component for true salvation. As we venture deeper into this cyber age, the challenge becomes clear: to seek liberation not only from sin but from the digital systems that seek to define what it means to be free.

Free Will as Essential to Salvation

Free will stands at the heart of spiritual salvation. It is through the exercise of free will that individuals can seek, discern, and align themselves with divine truth. Spiritual growth depends on the ability to make genuine, uncoerced choices—decisions that reflect the soul’s personal quest for enlightenment rather than external pressures. Without free will, salvation becomes merely a theoretical possibility, void of personal transformation or meaningful alignment with higher principles. In this sense, free will is not just a means of self-expression but the very mechanism through which spiritual freedom is realized. It allows individuals to break away from sin, illusion, or ignorance and move toward truth, virtue, and divine love.

However, the omnipresence of surveillance in the digital age poses a direct threat to this spiritual dynamic. Surveillance does not merely observe—it influences. By monitoring behavior, it subtly pressures individuals to conform to societal norms, limit risks, and act in ways that are predictable and safe. The awareness of being constantly watched reshapes behavior, creating an environment where compliance is rewarded, and deviation is penalized, even if only through social ostracism or self-censorship. This dynamic distorts free will, as the range of decisions becomes heavily influenced by external expectations. Instead of making decisions rooted in personal spiritual exploration, individuals may find themselves choosing paths that align more with societal acceptance than with inner convictions.

The theological implications of this are significant. If salvation requires a truly free, uncoerced movement of the soul toward the divine, then pervasive surveillance becomes an obstacle to that process. It restricts the capacity for genuinely transformative decisions, replacing spiritual authenticity with digital conformity. Surveillance enforces a state of psychological limitation that mirrors the "singular collapsed state" seen in quantum physics—where the observation itself defines and limits potential. In this context, the battle for salvation is not only against spiritual ignorance or sin but also against the digital systems that restrict the exercise of free will, reducing the potential for spiritual growth to a controlled set of predictable behaviors.

### Introducing Quantum Concepts: Wave Functions and Surveillance

In quantum mechanics, the wave function is a mathematical representation of a particle’s potential states. It encompasses all the possible positions, velocities, and paths that a particle might take. However, this range of possibilities exists only until the moment of observation—once a measurement is made, the wave function "collapses," reducing the particle to a single, definite state. This phenomenon, known as the observer effect, has profound implications, not only in physics but also as a metaphor for human potential. In a state of openness, individuals—like unobserved particles—possess a wide array of possible thoughts, actions, and spiritual expressions. They can explore various paths to enlightenment, pursue unconventional ideas, and exercise creativity without the constraints of external judgment.

However, surveillance functions much like the observer in quantum mechanics. Just as the act of measurement collapses the wave function into a singular outcome, constant surveillance collapses human potential into a narrower, more controlled set of behaviors. The awareness of being observed exerts a powerful psychological influence, prompting individuals to make safer, more predictable choices. Instead of exploring diverse spiritual or personal possibilities, individuals adapt to the expectations imposed by the ever-present digital gaze. The result is a diminished range of action, where genuine self-expression gives way to compliance and predictability—what can be termed the "singular collapsed state."

This singular collapsed state represents a profound loss of spiritual potential. When human behavior is constantly shaped by surveillance, it becomes more constrained, less creative, and ultimately less free. The open potential for spiritual growth, transformation, and connection to divine truth is replaced by a narrowed reality defined by conformity and safety. Just as quantum observation restricts the wave function to a single outcome, surveillance restricts individuals to a limited set of socially acceptable behaviors, inhibiting the soul’s journey toward deeper truth and spiritual liberation. This dynamic suggests that overcoming surveillance is not merely a matter of privacy or freedom of expression—it is essential for maintaining the open potential necessary for spiritual salvation itself.

Breaking Free from Surveillance

To escape the confines of the surveillance matrix and reclaim human potential, embracing decentralized technologies is essential. Decentralized systems like Bitcoin and open-source protocols offer a tangible means of resisting centralized control and pervasive observation. Unlike centralized digital systems that collect and exploit data to manipulate behavior, decentralized technologies enable an *open potential state* where individuals can act freely, without fear of surveillance-induced consequences. They preserve privacy, protect free will, and create opportunities for genuine personal and spiritual growth. This decentralization aligns with divine principles of freedom, spontaneity, and diversity, reflecting the open and unpredictable nature of the universe itself. By choosing decentralized solutions, individuals can restore a more authentic connection to both digital and spiritual realms.

This shift is not purely technical; it’s deeply spiritual. Just as spiritual awakening requires a release from the bondage of sin and ignorance, digital liberation demands a conscious move away from surveillance-driven systems. Breaking free involves more than just switching technologies; it requires a transformation of mindset—one that recognizes surveillance as a spiritual and existential threat. It calls for the cultivation of awareness, discernment, and a willingness to embrace both technological sovereignty and spiritual autonomy. True salvation, in the context of a Cyber Gospel, is a holistic journey that requires overcoming both physical and digital chains. It is the fusion of spiritual liberation with the adoption of decentralized tools that enable true freedom in a digital world.

Ultimately, a Cyber Gospel serves as a guide for navigating this complex spiritual-digital landscape. It invites readers to explore how decentralized technologies can facilitate a digital exodus, moving humanity from a singular collapsed state to an open potential state where free will and spiritual growth can flourish. This path forward is both a call to action and a call to awakening. It urges readers to actively participate in building a future where technology serves as a bridge to liberation rather than a tool of control. As the lines between spiritual and digital realities blur, embracing this new form of salvation becomes not only possible but necessary for the soul’s journey toward wholeness and freedom.

### The Battle for the Soul in the Digital Age

The digital age is not just a technological revolution; it is a spiritual battleground where the soul's potential is tested by the forces of surveillance and control. In this new landscape, salvation must be reimagined as both spiritual and digital—a quest that demands free will, genuine choices, and the preservation of human potential against a backdrop of pervasive observation. Throughout this discussion, we have explored the nature of digital salvation, the essential role of free will, and how surveillance acts as a force that collapses human potential into a singular, predictable state. We have drawn parallels between quantum mechanics and human behavior, illustrating how surveillance, like the observer effect, restricts possibilities and narrows the range of spiritual and existential outcomes.

Yet, there is a path forward. Decentralized technologies offer a chance to resist this collapse and restore an open potential state, allowing for personal and spiritual growth in an age where control mechanisms seek to limit both. This liberation is not just about escaping technological constraints; it is about reclaiming the divine spark of free will, which is essential for true awakening. As we move deeper into this digital era, the challenge is clear: salvation must involve breaking free from the dual chains of spiritual ignorance and digital manipulation.

A Cyber Gospel can serve as a guide for navigating this complex terrain, calling for both spiritual and digital awakening. It asks seekers to reflect deeply on the nature of their freedom and the forces that shape it. The final question remains: *Can the soul be truly free in a world of constant surveillance, or must it find a way to escape to achieve salvation?* This question is not just philosophical but practical, urging users to consider how they can actively participate in the creation of a more liberated reality—both spiritually and digitally. The battle for the soul in the digital age is not just about avoiding surveillance; it is about embracing a deeper, more transformative form of freedom that aligns with both divine principles and technological sovereignty.Salvation in a Digital World

The drama of redemption unfolds as a cosmic narrative that transcends traditional spiritual salvation, extending into the digital realms where humanity now finds itself entangled. In this emerging reality, salvation is not solely a matter of freeing the soul from sin but of liberating the mind and body from technological control systems that seek to restrict human potential. As society becomes increasingly digital, the boundaries between spiritual and digital salvation blur. The digital realm has become a new battleground for the soul, with tools of surveillance, artificial intelligence, and centralized digital systems acting as the forces that shape reality. This battleground is not neutral; it is a contested space where unseen powers influence human behavior and thought, subtly steering individuals toward compliance and conformity. Surveillance, in particular, looms as a formidable obstacle, exerting a subtle yet profound pressure that limits the capacity for genuine spiritual freedom. It not only monitors but manipulates, narrowing the range of choices and thereby inhibiting the exercise of free will—a crucial component for true salvation. As we venture deeper into this cyber age, the challenge becomes clear: to seek liberation not only from sin but from the digital systems that seek to define what it means to be free. Free Will as Essential to Salvation

Free will stands at the heart of spiritual salvation. It is through the exercise of free will that individuals can seek, discern, and align themselves with divine truth. Spiritual growth depends on the ability to make genuine, uncoerced choices—decisions that reflect the soul’s personal quest for enlightenment rather than external pressures. Without free will, salvation becomes merely a theoretical possibility, void of personal transformation or meaningful alignment with higher principles. In this sense, free will is not just a means of self-expression but the very mechanism through which spiritual freedom is realized. It allows individuals to break away from sin, illusion, or ignorance and move toward truth, virtue, and divine love.

However, the omnipresence of surveillance in the digital age poses a direct threat to this spiritual dynamic. Surveillance does not merely observe—it influences. By monitoring behavior, it subtly pressures individuals to conform to societal norms, limit risks, and act in ways that are predictable and safe. The awareness of being constantly watched reshapes behavior, creating an environment where compliance is rewarded, and deviation is penalized, even if only through social ostracism or self-censorship. This dynamic distorts free will, as the range of decisions becomes heavily influenced by external expectations. Instead of making decisions rooted in personal spiritual exploration, individuals may find themselves choosing paths that align more with societal acceptance than with inner convictions.

The theological implications of this are significant. If salvation requires a truly free, uncoerced movement of the soul toward the divine, then pervasive surveillance becomes an obstacle to that process. It restricts the capacity for genuinely transformative decisions, replacing spiritual authenticity with digital conformity. Surveillance enforces a state of psychological limitation that mirrors the "singular collapsed state" seen in quantum physics—where the observation itself defines and limits potential. In this context, the battle for salvation is not only against spiritual ignorance or sin but also against the digital systems that restrict the exercise of free will, reducing the potential for spiritual growth to a controlled set of predictable behaviors. Introducing Quantum Concepts: Wave Functions and Surveillance

In quantum mechanics, the wave function is a mathematical representation of a particle’s potential states. It encompasses all the possible positions, velocities, and paths that a particle might take. However, this range of possibilities exists only until the moment of observation—once a measurement is made, the wave function "collapses," reducing the particle to a single, definite state. This phenomenon, known as the observer effect, has profound implications, not only in physics but also as a metaphor for human potential. In a state of openness, individuals—like unobserved particles—possess a wide array of possible thoughts, actions, and spiritual expressions. They can explore various paths to enlightenment, pursue unconventional ideas, and exercise creativity without the constraints of external judgment.

However, surveillance functions much like the observer in quantum mechanics. Just as the act of measurement collapses the wave function into a singular outcome, constant surveillance collapses human potential into a narrower, more controlled set of behaviors. The awareness of being observed exerts a powerful psychological influence, prompting individuals to make safer, more predictable choices. Instead of exploring diverse spiritual or personal possibilities, individuals adapt to the expectations imposed by the ever-present digital gaze. The result is a diminished range of action, where genuine self-expression gives way to compliance and predictability—what can be termed the "singular collapsed state."

This singular collapsed state represents a profound loss of spiritual potential. When human behavior is constantly shaped by surveillance, it becomes more constrained, less creative, and ultimately less free. The open potential for spiritual growth, transformation, and connection to divine truth is replaced by a narrowed reality defined by conformity and safety. Just as quantum observation restricts the wave function to a single outcome, surveillance restricts individuals to a limited set of socially acceptable behaviors, inhibiting the soul’s journey toward deeper truth and spiritual liberation. This dynamic suggests that overcoming surveillance is not merely a matter of privacy or freedom of expression—it is essential for maintaining the open potential necessary for spiritual salvation itself. Breaking Free from Surveillance

To escape the confines of the surveillance matrix and reclaim human potential, embracing decentralized technologies is essential. Decentralized systems like Bitcoin and open-source protocols offer a tangible means of resisting centralized control and pervasive observation. Unlike centralized digital systems that collect and exploit data to manipulate behavior, decentralized technologies enable an open potential state where individuals can act freely, without fear of surveillance-induced consequences. They preserve privacy, protect free will, and create opportunities for genuine personal and spiritual growth. This decentralization aligns with divine principles of freedom, spontaneity, and diversity, reflecting the open and unpredictable nature of the universe itself. By choosing decentralized solutions, individuals can restore a more authentic connection to both digital and spiritual realms.

This shift is not purely technical; it’s deeply spiritual. Just as spiritual awakening requires a release from the bondage of sin and ignorance, digital liberation demands a conscious move away from surveillance-driven systems. Breaking free involves more than just switching technologies; it requires a transformation of mindset—one that recognizes surveillance as a spiritual and existential threat. It calls for the cultivation of awareness, discernment, and a willingness to embrace both technological sovereignty and spiritual autonomy. True salvation, in the context of a Cyber Gospel, is a holistic journey that requires overcoming both physical and digital chains. It is the fusion of spiritual liberation with the adoption of decentralized tools that enable true freedom in a digital world.

Ultimately, a Cyber Gospel serves as a guide for navigating this complex spiritual-digital landscape. It invites readers to explore how decentralized technologies can facilitate a digital exodus, moving humanity from a singular collapsed state to an open potential state where free will and spiritual growth can flourish. This path forward is both a call to action and a call to awakening. It urges readers to actively participate in building a future where technology serves as a bridge to liberation rather than a tool of control. As the lines between spiritual and digital realities blur, embracing this new form of salvation becomes not only possible but necessary for the soul’s journey toward wholeness and freedom. The Battle for the Soul in the Digital Age

The digital age is not just a technological revolution; it is a spiritual battleground where the soul's potential is tested by the forces of surveillance and control. In this new landscape, salvation must be reimagined as both spiritual and digital—a quest that demands free will, genuine choices, and the preservation of human potential against a backdrop of pervasive observation. Throughout this discussion, we have explored the nature of digital salvation, the essential role of free will, and how surveillance acts as a force that collapses human potential into a singular, predictable state. We have drawn parallels between quantum mechanics and human behavior, illustrating how surveillance, like the observer effect, restricts possibilities and narrows the range of spiritual and existential outcomes.

Yet, there is a path forward. Decentralized technologies offer a chance to resist this collapse and restore an open potential state, allowing for personal and spiritual growth in an age where control mechanisms seek to limit both. This liberation is not just about escaping technological constraints; it is about reclaiming the divine spark of free will, which is essential for true awakening. As we move deeper into this digital era, the challenge is clear: salvation must involve breaking free from the dual chains of spiritual ignorance and digital manipulation.

A Cyber Gospel can serve as a guide for navigating this complex terrain, calling for both spiritual and digital awakening. It asks seekers to reflect deeply on the nature of their freedom and the forces that shape it. The final question remains: Can the soul be truly free in a world of constant surveillance, or must it find a way to escape to achieve salvation? This question is not just philosophical but practical, urging users to consider how they can actively participate in the creation of a more liberated reality—both spiritually and digitally. The battle for the soul in the digital age is not just about avoiding surveillance; it is about embracing a deeper, more transformative form of freedom that aligns with both divine principles and technological sovereignty.

@ 7f31a2d6:b5a93696

Leveraging Community Power: Yakihonne's Innovative Approach to Bitcoin Adoption

Introduction

The Bitcoin landscape is constantly evolving, and community plays a vital role in shaping its future. Yakihonne, a cutting-edge platform, is harnessing the power of community to drive Bitcoin adoption and education. In this article, we will explore Yakihonne's innovative approach and its impact on the Bitcoin ecosystem.

The Yakihonne Difference

Yakihonne distinguishes itself by recognizing every user as a unique node in the Bitcoin network. This perspective empowers individuals to take an active role in shaping the community and contributing to its growth. By fostering connections and knowledge sharing, Yakihonne creates a supportive environment where users can thrive.

Key Features and Benefits

• Decentralized knowledge sharing: Yakihonne's platform allows users to access and share valuable resources, promoting a deeper understanding of Bitcoin and its applications.

• Community-driven support: Users can engage with others, ask questions, and receive guidance from experienced community members.

• Incentivized learning: Yakihonne's gamification elements make learning about Bitcoin engaging and fun, encouraging users to expand their knowledge.

• Responsible adoption: The platform emphasizes security, privacy, and informed decision-making, ensuring sustainable growth.

The Future of Bitcoin Adoption

Yakihonne's community-centric approach is poised to revolutionize Bitcoin adoption. By leveraging the power of social nodes, Yakihonne creates a snowball effect, where knowledge and enthusiasm spread exponentially. As the platform continues to evolve, it's likely to play a significant role in shaping the future of Bitcoin.

Conclusion

Yakihonne is a game-changer in the Bitcoin space, offering a unique blend of community engagement, education, and support. By joining the Yakihonne community, individuals can tap into the collective power of social nodes, contributing to a brighter future for Bitcoin adoption. Embrace the potential of Yakihonne and be part of this exciting journey!@yakihonne

@ 6d8e2a24:5faaca4c

BTC price behavior is either hinting at a deeper pullback or an RSI-fueled surge beyond $100,000, Bitcoin market observers conclude.

Bitcoin BTC tickers down $99,001 faced a serious challenge hitting $100,000 on Nov. 22 as $300 million in sell-side liquidity blocked the way.

BTC/USD 1-hour chart. Source: TradingView

BTC price teases with rejection near $100,000

Data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro and TradingView showed BTC price downside taking over at the Wall Street open.

BTC/USD fell to local lows of under $97,300 and was down around 1.2% on the day at the time of writing.

A trip toward the key six-figure mark earlier ended in defeat as sellers lined up to prevent BTC’s price from climbing higher — a common feature for Bitcoin around key psychological levels.

“FireCharts shows a massive Bitcoin sell wall compressed between the $99.3k - $100k range,” trading resource Material Indicators confirmed in its latest post on X.

This referred to liquidity on the largest global exchange, Binance, with the $100,000 sell wall clearly standing out against other levels while building in strength over the past few hours.

“The good news is there has been a slight bit of erosion in the last few hours,” Material Indicators continued. “The bad news is, it’s still nearly $300M in liquidity.”

BTC/USDT chart with order book liquidity data. Source: Material Indicators/X

Accompanying volume data showed sell-side transactions dominated by amounts between $100 and $1,000, with whales still refraining from mass distribution.

“It would actually be good to see whales start dumping blocks of ask liquidity to force BTC into a support test and to ultimately make the wall easier to penetrate,” the post argued.

“With the ETF faucet turned off for the weekend, we could see some dip buying opportunities ahead.” United States spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) achieved another day of net inflows above $1 billion on Nov. 21, reflecting considerable institutional interest supporting BTC price momentum.

Bitcoin four-hour RSI hints at bullish comeback

Others considered where a potential deeper price retracement may end up, with popular trader Crypto Chase eyeing $90,000 in what he called the “optimal scenario.” BTC/USDT 12-hour chart. Source: Crypto Chase/X

Fellow trader CJ had a higher target focused on the mid-$90,000 range. Source: CJ In support of a return to upside, meanwhile, trader Roman noted promising bullish divergences on the four-hour relative strength index (RSI).

This fell 10 points on the day, dipping below the key 70 “overbought” level.

“Big bull divs forming between price & RSI here. We should see trend continuation as a result,” he told X followers on the day.

“I think we break 100k today or tomorrow as this entire trend looks very strong.” BTC/USD 4-hour chart with RSI data. Source: TradingView

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

แนวคิด : ช้างเป็นสัตว์ในสัญลักษณ์ประจำจังหวัด สุพรรณบุรี เป็นการศึกแบบ ยุทธหัตถี จึงดึงเอาเฉพาะตัวช้างมาเป็นคาแรคเตอร์ในงานชิ้นนี้ ทำเป็นกึ่งๆช้างเผือก แทนความเป็นดาวรุ่ง มีการสวมเสื้อยืดลาย บิทคอยน์ และรองเท้าสีส้มตามสีของบิทคอยน์ กระพริบตา 1 ข้างเพื่อความน่ารักและเชิญชวนให้มาใช้บริการ

Link Download https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1cXzbTCI0CqT9RWRETtwNLia7chL8Fyga?usp=sharing

Concept: An elephant is a symbol of Suphanburi Province, representing the historic royal battle of "Yutthahatthi" (elephant duel). This character is inspired by an elephant, designed as a semi-white elephant symbolizing a rising star. It wears a Bitcoin-themed T-shirt and orange shoes, representing Bitcoin's color. To add charm and invite engagement, the elephant winks playfully with one eye, encouraging people to use the service. Link Download https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1cXzbTCI0CqT9RWRETtwNLia7chL8Fyga?usp=sharing

@ 3f0702fa:66db56f1

https://psv4.userapi.com/s/v1/d/_uiYP1zAFvcsd8t7Y_DVn31eUXEFO_MRBzYCTv0ZcrR86sAxPF-1gnbJ3rW9P587gmh8nE022gBcO9K7WWosxCBvoesq5KrI_extC-Gl7DtjA7bk6-5bgA/1732298014335.mp4

@ 705605d9:b4324038

Вы видели цены на сливочное масло? Кажется, грустнее смотреть только на цены на бензин. И виноваты в этом порой не затраты на производство (не зря же его постоянно оптимизируют!), не неурожайные года, а простая человеческая жадность.

Желание одного человека набить карманы стало причиной дефицита базового для жителей Горноправдинска продукта на полках магазинов. И человек этот занимал пост достаточно серьёзный — Анастасия Комаринская занимала пост руководителя департамента молодёжной политики.

Вот только вместо того, чтобы давать горноправдинской молодёжи возможности для развития и создавать таким образом будущее для региона и страны, она давала взятки рабочим и создала искусственный дефицит.

Сливочное масло вместо благосостояния

Масло, которое производится в Горноправдинске, заняло своё место на полках местных магазинов: жители города полюбили его за доступную цену, вкусовые качества и натуральный состав. Но последние несколько месяцев покупать его в супермаркетах стало проблематично: найти его там порой было просто невозможно. Зато в сомнительных частных магазинах по цене раза в два-три больше обычной его стало хоть отбавляй.

Редакция провела расследование, и оказалось, что платят продавцам здесь не больше, чем в обычных супермаркетах, но никаких льгот не предоставляют, а владельцами нескольких таких магазинов ("Брусничка", "Любава", "Молоко и мясо" и ещё нескольких точек оказались родственники Комаринской — например, "Любава" и "Брусничка" зарегистрированы на жену сына Анастасии Комаринской, Екатерину.

Наш корреспондент Эльвира смогла добиться комментариев от Екатерины Комаринской, и она утверждает, что руководством точкой она практически не занимается.

— Я вообще не предприниматель по натуре, у меня нет на это таланта. Я занимаюсь икебаной и танцами, но таланта к бизнесу у меня никогда не было. — честно признаётся она.

При этом за последние три месяца Екатерина смогла купить себе колье Cartier. Откуда у девушки, которая занимается цветами, такие деньги? Примерно оттуда же, откуда у работников производства — лишние деньги на цветы жёнам и подарки детям. Это цена молчания Екатерины о гнусных схемах Анастасии.

Официально Анастасия Комаринская получает не более двухсот тысяч в месяц.

Правоохранительные органы установили, что Анастасия через подставных лиц (одним из таких стала её невестка Екатерина) скупала сливочное масло по оптовым ценам, подкупая руководство завода и даже некоторых простых рабочих, а потом перепродавала всё на своих точках по резко завышенным ценам. И полученная прибыль шла не на развитие города: они направлялись в карманы человека, которому, по идее, доверено служить интересам его жителей.

Представители администрации Горноправдинска заявили, что они полностью поддерживают расследование. «Мы не потерпим произвол в наших рядах. Перед законом равны все», — прокомментировал ситуацию нынешний глава администрации, обещая полное сотрудничество с правоохранительными органами.

Местные жители внимательно следят за ходом расследования — подобный произвол прямо у них под носом никому не нравится. Общественные группы уже начали собирать подписи за отстранение чиновника от должности и требование провести полный аудит работы местной администрации.

На данный момент Анастасия отстранена от должности и находится под следствием по статье 174 УК РФ. Прокуратура запрашивает лишение свободы на срок 5 лет, но общественность считает это наказание слишком мягким — всё же, речь идёт о сумме в несколько миллионов рублей.

Следующее судебное заседание по делу Комаринской назначено на 21 декабря.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

แนวคิด : ที่มาของคำว่า 8ริ้ว ชื่อเล่นของจังหวัดฉะเชิงเทรา มาจากปลาช่อนขนาดใหญ่ ที่สามารถแบ่งได้ถึง 8 ริ้ว จึงออกแบบให้เป็นรูปปลาช่อน แล้วติดเหรียญเลข 8 เอาไว้ ทั้งเป็นเลขมงคลและเป็นการแทนค่า 8ริ้ว ของปลาด้วย ด้านหลังเป็นสัญลักษณ์ bitcoin พร้อมคำว่า ฉะเชิงเทราเป็นภาษาอังกฤษ และกำกับภาษาไทยที่ด้านล่างอย่างโดดเด่น Link Download https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1i6DU2jt_fgUQUAfPqOsJa1h6C-rrIPy2?usp=sharing

Concept: The origin of the nickname “8 Riew” for Chachoengsao Province comes from a large snakehead fish that could be cut into eight large slices. The design incorporates an image of a snakehead fish with an “8” coin to represent both the rich number and the symbolic “8 Riew” slices. The background features the Bitcoin symbol along with “Chachoengsao” in English and prominent Thai text below. Link Download https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1i6DU2jt_fgUQUAfPqOsJa1h6C-rrIPy2?usp=sharing

@ 2775fb0f:887f8193

30 августа. Новодвинск-2040. Архангельский целлюлозно-бумажный комбинат объявил о внедрении новой системы очистки воздуха, направленной на снижение загрязнений и улучшение экологической ситуации в регионе. В рамках этой инициативы комбинат заменил устаревшие технологии на современные решения, которые обещают значительно улучшить качество воздуха в окрестностях.

Среди внедренных систем – высокоэффективные фильтры и установки для нейтрализации выбросов, которые позволяют улавливать до 95% вредных веществ. Старые системы, основанные на менее эффективных методах, таких как простая механическая фильтрация, были признаны неактуальными и выведены из эксплуатации. Это решение стало возможным благодаря значительным инвестициям в модернизацию оборудования и внедрению инновационных технологий.

«Мы понимаем, что наша ответственность не ограничивается производственными показателями. Мы стремимся к тому, чтобы наш комбинат стал примером экологической устойчивости. Новая система очистки воздуха – это шаг к более чистому будущему для наших сотрудников и жителей Новодвинска», – прокомментировал изменения главный директор АЦБК Дмитрий Зылёв. Жители Новодвинска уже начали замечать изменения. Один из местных жителей, Дмитрий Вторыгин, рассказал о своих впечатлениях:

«Я живу здесь всю жизнь, и за неделю почувствовал, что воздух стал заметно чище. Запах, который раньше был постоянным спутником, теперь почти не ощущается. Это действительно радует!»

Переход на новую систему очистки воздуха прошел быстро и эффективно. Комбинат завершил все необходимые работы за рекордные три месяца, что позволило минимизировать простои в производстве и сохранить рабочие места.

В планах АЦБК – дальнейшее улучшение экологической ситуации. В ближайшие годы комбинат намерен внедрить дополнительные технологии по утилизации отходов и оптимизации производственных процессов, что позволит не только сократить выбросы, но и повысить общую эффективность работы предприятия.

Таким образом, Архангельский целлюлозно-бумажный комбинат делает важный шаг к устойчивому развитию, заботясь о здоровье своих сотрудников и жителей региона.

@ 2775fb0f:887f8193

22 августа 2040 года в Новодвинске объявлено предупреждение о сильном дожде, который ожидается 22 августа. Метеорологи прогнозируют интенсивные осадки, которые могут привести к затоплению низменных участков и ухудшению дорожных условий.

В связи с этим местные власти призывают жителей принять меры предосторожности:

• Оставайтесь дома: По возможности, избегайте ненужных поездок и оставайтесь в помещениях, особенно в период сильного дождя.
• Проверьте дренажные системы: Убедитесь, что водостоки и дренажные канавы вокруг вашего дома не забиты и могут эффективно отводить воду.
• Подготовьте запас продуктов: Запаситесь необходимыми продуктами и водой на случай, если дождь затруднит доступ к магазинам.
• Следите за новостями: Будьте в курсе обновлений от местных властей и метеорологической службы, чтобы получать актуальную информацию о погодных условиях.
• Избегайте низменных мест: Не находитесь вблизи рек и ручьев, которые могут выйти из берегов.

Власти Новодвинска призывают всех жителей соблюдать осторожность и следовать рекомендациям, чтобы минимизировать риски, связанные с сильными осадками.

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

แนวคิด : ห้วยผึ้ง ใช้ผึ้งงานเก็บน้ำผึ้งเข้ารัง ให้รังเป็นตัวแทนของการออม bitcoin ในลักษณะ stack sats ค่อยๆเก็บหอมรอบริบ make saving great again โดยผึ้งงานเป็นตัวแทนของ proof of work ซึ่งตัวน้ำผึ้งที่หอมหวานนั้น มีคุณค่า ไม่เสื่อมไปตามกาลเวลา เป็นยาอายุวัฒนะ และเป็นของมีค่าโดยธรรมชาติ Link Download https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Itj0C0aIBWvpnZuuW1Z04nif_NNfPQg6?usp=sharing

Concept: Huai Phueng uses an image of a worker bee collecting honey for the hive, where the hive symbolizes saving Bitcoin in a “stack sats” manner, gradually accumulating and making saving valuable again. The worker bee represents proof of work, while the sweet honey, with its timeless value, serves as both an elixir and a naturally precious resource. Link Download https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Itj0C0aIBWvpnZuuW1Z04nif_NNfPQg6?usp=sharing

@ 9bc2d34d:d19d2948

As I am studying Biology, I needed a quick snack and created this 5 minute meal to hold me over. It is a very simple, basic recipe that could be customized in many ways. You like onions? Add them. You like tomatoes? No problem. The options are limitless.

https://zap.cooking/recipe/naddr1qq8xsmm594jx7eeddeskx6r0wvpzpx7z6dxam2pajs4plhfk5ay8lx4wcaqdkf8209ejmy8rs0ge622gqvzqqqr4guaw0c88

@ 03b2a4f0:7ff066d4

Zeteo citadel consult In collaboration with the university of Ibadan @yakihonne nostr:naddr1qqgrqe3jxasnjwtpvs6rxd3kvsmkzq3qqwe2fuxpe5tf7xduvcd9n3he30s6zel890dgzy2zquunvllsvm2qxpqqqp65w8nuwxg

@ 319ad3e7:cc01d50a

This is the perfect recipe for the lazy, hungry, and want-all-the-salt moments.

https://zap.cooking/recipe/naddr1qq8xsmm594jx7eeddeskx6r0wvpzpx7z6dxam2pajs4plhfk5ay8lx4wcaqdkf8209ejmy8rs0ge622gqvzqqqr4guaw0c88

@ 6bae33c8:607272e8

I went 1-4 last week to blow any chance I had at cashing in Q3, so this is kind of a practice week before we head into Q4.

Colts +7.5 vs Lions — The Lions are a juggernaut, and they were my only correct pick last week, but this feels like a sell-high against a scrappy Colts team, and Anthony Richardson played better last week.

Bears +3.5 vs Vikings — The Bears should have beaten the Packers last week, and I expect them to hang with the Vikings at home.

Raiders +6 vs Broncos — The Broncos looked great last week, but this is an easy sell-high on the road against a division rival.

Cardinals pick ‘em at Seahawks — The Seahawks are a sell-high after their win over the 49ers, and the Cardinals are playing well of late and coming off the bye.

Ravens -2.5 at Chargers — The Ravens are one of the league’s top-four teams, and they’re desperate after blowing a winnable game to the Steelers.

@ 6fff5148:a5dd5cdf

Cryptocurrencies have not only changed the world’s expectations surrounding money. They’ve also continued to evolve in their own space since the first bitcoin block was mined back in 2009. Since then, thousands of unique cryptocurrencies have popped up. Of these, Bitcoin remains the most popular.

In fact, a recent survey found that 8% of americans have invested in cryptocurrency and of that 8%, 5.15% have invested in Bitcoin.

Curious to see why Bitcoin is the most popular and what other cryptocurrencies are running close behind? Keep reading.

It’s been about a decade since Bitcoin expanded currency into the digital space of the internet. Since that time, it’s remained the most popular cryptocurrency in the world and most used of all cryptocurrency.

With Bitcoin, users transfer money from one digital wallet to another digital wallet with ease. Each transaction is then verified by other users and recorded on the public ledger, known as the blockchain. For the fact that Bitcoin which is currently the top cryptocurrency gaining awareness on daily basis on the wheel of fortune is tough,that way it can't be predicted so easily even for an expert as there is no one who can predict the future and be accurate of the outcome. No one ever thought Bitcoin will ever be worth $20,000.00k in 2017 as same reason why the awareness keeps brewing each passing day making it easier for investors dealing in bitcoin. Aside buying and holding bitcoins for potential gains which is one of the advantages of the benefits derived from dealing in cryptocurrency, I also recommend that you invest in service companies such as the Zippercoin(www.zippercoin.tech) company, a cryptocurrency investment company that gives return on investments made in days by capitalizing on the volatility of the crypto market to generate profits giving you better chance in the cryptocurrency market.

Some key factors that have contributed to Bitcoin’s popularity include:

Although it fluctuates, its price is high. A single Bitcoin is worth $4,931 US dollars as of this writing. This is significantly higher than other cryptocurrencies that exist. Major companies are starting to accept Bitcoins. These include Microsoft,overstock and more. Bitcoin is easy to set up. Bitcoin is supported by the most notable exchanges and digital wallet platforms, such as Coinbase. This makes getting in the game easier. Investors have been supporting Bitcoin’s growth for years. Bitcoin has been around longer than all other cryptocurrencies. This has allowed them to gain a strong following of investors. Bitcoin also has the highest market capitalization among cryptocurrencies, which is often considered by investors. Market caps are calculated by multiplying the current supply of the currency by the current price. This is known as the circulating supply of currency, and can indicate if a currency is risky to invest in. High market caps usually indicate less risk as there are more users. Therefore, Bitcoin is believed to be a better choice than other cryptocurrencies out there.

There is always light at the end of the tunnel,be wise with whatever decision you take.Always remember to diversify,study the cryptocurrency market before diving on the choice of coin you deem to trade,choose reliable service to trade with to avoid unnecessary loss.

Stay safe and God bless.. Source: https://www.quora.com/Why-is-bitcoin-often-the-most-talked-about-cryptocurrency-Is-it-possible-for-one-cryptocurrency-to-be-successful-while-others-are-not#:~:text=Bitcoin%20is%20a%20well%2Dknown,lack%20of%20a%20groundbreaking%20project. @yakihonne

@ 961e8955:d7fa53e4

The Power of Community: Revolutionizing Bitcoin Adoption through Yakihonne

Introduction

In the dynamic landscape of Bitcoin, community engagement plays a pivotal role in driving adoption and growth. Yakihonne, a pioneering platform, is at the forefront of this effort, providing a novel way for Bitcoin enthusiasts to connect, share knowledge, and support one another. This article delves into the world of Yakihonne, exploring its impact on the Bitcoin community and the broader

Yakihonne's foundational concept is that every Bitcoiner is a social node, interconnected and influencing others within the network. By recognizing the value of these connections, Yakihonne provides a platform for individuals to converge, share ideas, and learn from each other. This approach fosters a sense of community, ensures the dissemination of knowledge and best practices, and promotes a collaborative environment.

Empowering Through Education and Support

Yakihonne is committed to empowering Bitcoiners with the necessary knowledge and tools to succeed. The platform offers a comprehensive suite of educational resources, including articles, videos, and podcasts. Additionally, Yakihonne provides a support system where individuals can ask questions, share experiences, and receive guidance from experienced community members.

Balancing Education and Responsible Adoption

While education is crucial, Yakihonne also emphasizes the importance of responsible adoption practices. The platform encourages users to approach Bitcoin adoption in a measured and informed manner, prioritizing security, privacy, and sustainable growth. By striking this balance, Yakihonne ensures the network grows in a sustainable and responsible way, focusing on long-term success.

Conclusion

Yakihonne is revolutionizing the way Bitcoiners connect, learn, and grow together. By recognizing the power of community and the importance of education and support, this platform is paving the way for a brighter future in Bitcoin adoption. Join the Yakihonne community today and become part of this exciting movement, shaping the future of Bitcoin and fostering a sense of belonging among enthusiasts. @yakihonne

@ a305a0de:21557ddd

Bitcoin, the decentralized digital currency, has the potential to revolutionize the way local communities function. By providing an alternative to traditional fiat currencies, Bitcoin can empower local businesses, promote financial inclusion, and foster community development.

Financial Inclusion

Bitcoin can provide access to financial services for underserved communities. With Bitcoin, individuals can make transactions without the need for traditional banking infrastructure. This can be especially beneficial for low-income communities where access to banking services is limited.

Local Economic Growth

Bitcoin can also promote local economic growth by encouraging local businesses to accept Bitcoin payments. This can increase foot traffic, boost sales, and create new job opportunities. Additionally, Bitcoin's decentralized nature can help reduce transaction fees, allowing local businesses to keep more of their hard-earned money.

Community Development

Bitcoin can also foster community development by providing a platform for community-driven initiatives. For example, Bitcoin-based crowdfunding platforms can be used to raise funds for local community projects, such as building a community center or supporting a local food bank.

Real-World Examples

There are already several examples of Bitcoin being used to improve local communities. For instance, the Bitcoin Ekasi project in South Africa is using Bitcoin to create a circular economy in a local township. Similarly, the BitPatron project in the United States is using Bitcoin to support local artists and creatives.

Conclusion

Bitcoin has the potential to revolutionize the way local communities function. By providing access to financial services, promoting local economic growth, and fostering community development, Bitcoin can empower local communities to take control of their own economic destiny. As the world becomes increasingly digital, it's exciting to think about the potential impact that Bitcoin can have on local communities around the world.

@ 6fff5148:a5dd5cdf

what is Bitcoin Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, a peer-to-peer digital currency that operates independently of a central governing authority. Bitcoin enables direct transactions between users, secured by cryptographic technology and recorded on a transparent and immutable ledger known as the blockchain.This innovation not only ensures security and transparency but also challenges traditional financial systems by offering a global currency that is accessible to anyone with internet access.Picture it as digital gold: whereas gold is physically mined from the earth, Bitcoin is created through the use of powerful computers solving complex problems, known as "Bitcoin mining." Unlike gold, you can't physically touch Bitcoin; it exists purely in the digital realm.Bitcoin was first introduced in 2009 by a person (or group) named Satoshi Nakamoto. Little is known about their identity–but more on that later!Today, Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency, with a market capitalization that far surpasses any other digital currency. It has become a benchmark for the crypto market, influencing the launch of thousands of other cryptocurrencies and ushering in a new era of digital finance.Key Bitcoin Concepts in Simple Words Cryptocurrency: A type of digital or virtual money that uses cryptography for security, making it difficult to counterfeit. Blockchain: A digital ledger that records all Bitcoin transactions, like a global spreadsheet that everyone can see but no one can tamper with. Wallet: A digital pouch that safely stores your Bitcoin, similar to a virtual bank account. Public and Private Keys: A pair of digital keys where the public key is your Bitcoin address (like an email address) and the private key is your secret password to access and send your Bitcoins. Decentralization: The principle of distributing control across the entire network rather than relying on a central authority, like having a group decision instead of one boss calling the shots. Mining: The process of using computer power to solve complex puzzles, securing the network and creating new Bitcoins as a reward. Satoshi: The smallest unit of Bitcoin, named after its mysterious creator, worth one hundred millionth of a Bitcoin. ‍ BTC: BTC is the abbreviation for Bitcoin typically used when referring to the currency unit in transactions, price listings, and financial discussions. image Source: https://www.blockpit.io/en-us/blog/what-is-bitcoin#:~:text=Bitcoin%20is%20a%20cryptocurrency%2C%20a,ledger%20known%20as%20the%20blockchain .! @yakihonne.com

@ a305a0de:21557ddd

In the ever-evolving world of Bitcoin, innovation is key. And one name that's been making waves is Yakhonne. This pioneering project has been instrumental in helping Bitcoin take a giant leap forward.

So, what exactly is Yakhonne? Simply put, it's a decentralized social media platform that rewards users with Bitcoin for creating and engaging with content. But that's not all - Yakhonne has also been at the forefront of driving Bitcoin adoption and education.

By providing a user-friendly platform for people to learn about and interact with Bitcoin, Yakhonne has helped demystify the world of cryptocurrency. And with its innovative approach to social media, Yakhonne has shown that Bitcoin can be used in ways that go beyond just transactions.

The impact of Yakhonne on Bitcoin's evolution cannot be overstated. By pushing the boundaries of what's possible with Bitcoin, Yakhonne has inspired a new wave of innovation and adoption. And as Bitcoin continues to grow and mature, it's clear that Yakhonne will remain a key player in shaping its future.

@ c755de14:cc53833a

Here’s What Bitcoin’s New All-Time High Means For Investors

Bitcoin’s price soared over $98,000 this morning, marking a new high. The granddaddy of cryptocurrency seems to be becoming less volatile, but it’s still a risky asset. Don’t buy Bitcoin just because of its recent price action – take time to research and think about how it fits with your other investments. For the second time this year, Bitcoin bulls have reason to celebrate. About 24 hours ago, Bitcoin’s price reached $99,434 smashing previous all-time high. Bitcoin’s recent rise was fueled by an influx of institutional money into spot crypto ETFs and increasing economic optimism. The election result pushed it to break new ground. If you’re thinking of buying Bitcoin, you might be wondering what this means for investors.

Does Bitcoin’s recent price action mean it’s here to stay? Positive price action is certainly reassuring, but the true test of whether Bitcoin is here to stay will be long-term adoption. There’s a lot we don’t know about how cryptocurrency will develop. It’s a relatively new and unregulated industry, and it’s still unclear what people will use Bitcoin for in the long term. That said, Bitcoin does appear to be maturing. Don’t get me wrong, it continues to be a volatile and high-risk asset. But the price swings have become less drastic. That’s a very different picture from previous years. Indeed, research by Fidelity shows that the top cryptocurrency was less volatile than several popular S&P 500 stocks. For example, its analysis shows that Netflix was more volatile over the two-year period ending March 2024. Even so, Netflix is still a totally different asset class. The stock market has existed for hundreds of years, which is plenty of time for various regulations and investor protections to evolve. In contrast, Bitcoin is less than two decades old and still has the sword of changing regulation hanging over it.

Three questions to consider before you buy Bitcoin Before you buy any investment, it’s important to be clear on why you’re buying. Think about your tolerance for risk and how cryptocurrency fits with your overall investment strategy. Here are some questions to consider.

1. How will you buy and store it? Cryptocurrency assets do not have the same protections against institution failure or theft as money in the bank or stocks in a brokerage account. As an investor, that means being conscious of security when buying and storing digital assets.

Here’s how that looks with some of the most common ways you can add Bitcoin to your portfolio:

Top cryptocurrency exchange: Cryptocurrency exchanges have a broad mix of cryptos and crypto-related products. It is easy to move your assets to a crypto wallet you control, which gives you extra protection against platform failure. Crypto broker: A couple of popular brokerages offer cryptocurrencies. They don’t have as much functionality or as many cryptos as exchanges, but the fact that they’re registered with the SEC to trade other assets makes them feel more secure. Spot Bitcoin ETF: The SEC greenlighted spot Bitcoin ETFs at the start of the year. This means many investors can buy them from a brokerage account, just as they would other ETFs and stocks. One big advantage is that the fund managers are responsible for storing the Bitcoin safely. Robinhood has broken the mold in terms of crypto offerings. You can buy several cryptocurrencies directly, as well as spot Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs. Plus, it’s the only brokerage with a crypto wallet that lets you deposit and withdraw crypto. Click here to learn more about Robinhood’s crypto offer and open an account.

1. Have you researched Bitcoin and its long-term potential? Think about why you’re buying cryptocurrency. If it’s because you see the price rising and worry about missing out, pause and do a bit more digging. Look at the different arguments on how Bitcoin will develop – both critical and optimistic.

Some argue that Bitcoin has value as a type of digital gold or the future currency of the internet. Others see it as taking a chunk out of the global money transfer market. On the other hand, critics say it’s a speculative asset with no intrinsic value.

1. How does it fit with the rest of your portfolio? Risky assets like cryptocurrency should only make up a small percentage of your wider portfolio. Think about what level of risk you’re comfortable with and how to balance your investments accordingly.

Building a diversified portfolio can be a great way to safeguard your funds. If one sector or asset performs badly, you’re insulated against losses. If it does well, you’ll still reap the rewards.

Don’t buy Bitcoin just because it hit an all-time high Not only has Bitcoin more than erased the losses of recent years, it’s also becoming less volatile. However, it’s still a high-risk asset that could fall to zero.

Only invest money you can afford to lose, and do your own research into the blockchain and Bitcoin. Positive short-term price action is one thing, but if you’re a buy-and-hold investor, long-term value is a lot more important.

@Yakihonne

@ c755de14:cc53833a

In the past recent years, Cryptocurrencies have exploded onto the financial scene, offering a new innovative form of digital money. Built on blockchain technology, cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum have the potential to transform finance as we know it. But what exactly are cryptocurrencies, and what is their role in this modern financial landscape? This article explores the rise of cryptocurrencies, their impact so far, and what the future may hold for this disruptive new asset class.

Cryptocurrencies Overview Cryptocurrencies are digital that uses cryptography to control and secure transactions. Unlike printed money issued by governments, cryptocurrencies operate independently of central banks and are decentralized across peer-to-peer networks. The first and most well-known cryptocurrency as we all know it is Bitcoin, created in 2009 by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto. Today there are over 10,000 different cryptocurrencies in existence, though Bitcoin and Ethereum dominate the market.
Cryptocurrencies enable direct transactions between users without an intermediary. All ownership records are stored on a public ledger called the blockchain. Advanced cryptography verifies and secures each transactions on the blockchain. Miners contribute computing power to verify blocks of transactions, and are rewarded with new cryptocurrency for their efforts. This decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies removes the need for trusting central authorities to manage the system.

Is Cryptocurrency Here To Stay? Given their relatively brief lifespan so far, some wonder if cryptocurrencies are just a passing fad. However, there are a growing amount of evidence that suggests cryptocurrencies are here to stay as a financial and technological innovation. One of the key drivers of this is the advantages the underlying blockchain technology provides in terms of secure, transparent record-keeping and transactions. The decentralized structure means no single entity controls the network.

Cryptocurrencies also enable faster cross-border payments. Major companies like PayPal, Visa, and MasterCard are integrating crypto capabilities to take advantage of these benefits. The total market value of cryptocurrencies has grown to over $1 trillion. Governments are exploring central bank digital currencies built on blockchain technology. All of these trends point to cryptocurrencies cementing their place in the financial landscape long-term.

What is Cryptocurrency’s Role In Today’s Financial Landscape? Cryptocurrencies are playing an increasingly important role in today’s modern finance. Below are some of those roles: • Cryptocurrencies serves an alternative investment and store of value. Scarcity makes cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin attractive as an inflation hedge.

• Facilitating global commerce and payments. Cross-border crypto payments are faster and cheaper. The adoption is growing among merchants and businesses.

• Providing banking access. Approximately 1.7 billion adults remain unbanked globally. Cryptocurrencies provide access without any form of barriers.

• Driving innovation. Decentralized finance (DeFi) applications are expanding lending, trading, insurance and more.

• Challenging status quo. The disruptive power of cryptocurrencies encourages competition and improvement in the traditional finance.

Considerations And Challenges
Although promising, cryptocurrencies also come with risks and challenges that should be considered: • Volatility: As a newer asset class, cryptocurrency prices can swing wildly, making them a risky investments. Extreme volatility limits their ability to reliably store value.

• Security: Exchanges and wallets have been hacked, leading to huge losses. Users must take proper precautions to secure their cryptocurrency tokens.

• Lack Of Regulation: Currently, minimal government oversight exists. More regulation would provide greater investor protection.

• Complex Technology: Blockchain and cryptocurrencies represent complex concepts for many. Usability could improve with further development.

• Illegal Activity: Anonymity has attracted criminals laundering money and buying illegal goods. This black market use harms legitimacy.

• Environmental Impact: Bitcoin mining consumes enormous energy. More efficient consensus models are being explored.

• Adoption Obstacles: Integration into everyday payments and financial systems is still limited. Tax implications are still being defined.

As time goes on, these challenges may decrease over time as the technology matures. Regulations will evolve and adoption will grow. But for now, they remain barriers inhibiting mainstream acceptance.

How Cryptocurrency Can Affect The Finance Industry
Cryptocurrencies threaten to disrupt traditional finance and could significantly impact the industry in a variety of ways: • Reduced Fees: By removing middlemen, cryptocurrency transactions have fewer fees. This pressures banks and payment networks to reduce costs.

• Faster Services: Settlement of cryptocurrency transactions is nearly instant. Consumers will expect faster banking and payments facilitated by blockchain technology.

• New Revenue Sources: Wealth managers and institutions are finding ways to add cryptocurrency services to attract more clients and investment in dollars.

• Better Transparency: Cryptocurrency ledgers are public. This allows anyone to analyze transactions. This level of transparency will compel competition.

• Increased Automation: Smart contracts executed on the blockchain automate many manual processes required in traditional finance. This can improve efficiency and cost-savings.

• Enhanced Security: Cryptocurrencies offer better consumer protection against fraud or identity theft since they don’t expose personal information.

Effects Of Cryptocurrency On Everyone. Is It A Threat To Financial Stability? For the average person like you and I, cryptocurrencies offer both potential benefits and drawbacks:

Potential Benefits: 1. It Increases financial access. It has the ability to utilize financial services like lending or investments previously inaccessible.

1. It enables fast and cheap remittance of money across borders.

2. Cryptocurrencies reduces fees compared to traditional financial services.

3. The decentralized nature of crypto gives more people direct control and power over their money.

4. It serves as a new financial opportunities. It gives the ability to invest early in new cryptocurrencies and technologies.

Potential Drawbacks:
1. Cryptocurrency concepts and tools require technological proficiency many don’t have which makes it Complex.

1. The unpredictable price fluctuations make crypto a high-risk investment.

2. No government insurance or regulation means limited consumer protections exist. For this reason, it lacks protection.

3. Fraud, scams and hacking are still common, leading to potential theft.

4. There are unclear reporting requirements and taxes on buying, selling, or mining crypto.

More user-friendly applications and prudent regulation can help maximize benefits and minimize risks of cryptocurrencies for the average person.

The Future Of Cryptocurrency The future path of cryptocurrency is unclear but innovation will continue to drive new opportunities like: • Mainstream Adoption: Younger demographics are leading to increase crypto acceptance and usage.

• Integration: More banks, merchants, businesses, and apps will integrate cryptocurrency support.

• Institutional Investment: Growing investment from hedge funds, banks, and publicly traded companies will further legitimize crypto.

• Applications: DeFi, NFTs, crypto gaming, and the metaverse hint at expanded functionality.

• Regulation: Reasonable oversight could foster confidence, safety, and standards.

• Security: Implementing layered security features like multi-factor authentication could reduce fraud and theft risk.

Bottom Line Cryptocurrencies mark a technological leap forward that will likely ripple through the financial sector for years to come. But realizing the full potential of cryptocurrencies to benefit society depends on sustaining innovation while proactively addressing risks. Though there are still challenges ahead, the promises of enhanced financial access, speed, privacy and transparency makes the cryptocurrency revolution worth nurturing rather than resisting.

@Yakihonne

@ c755de14:cc53833a

What Is Cryptocurrency?

Cryptocurrency is a form of currency that utilizes cryptography to guarantee transactions. Unlike payment systems that rely on banks for verification cryptocurrencies function independently without the involvement of financial authorities. Currently the collective market value of all cryptocurrencies stands at $3.44 trillion highlighting their increasing growth and acceptance in the market.

An Introduction to Cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin allow individuals to conduct peer to peer transactions without relying on banks or payment processors. These digital currencies offer direct transfers between parties eliminating the need for intermediaries. These transactions are recorded on blockchains which’re interconnected ledgers containing transaction data.

The term “cryptocurrency” stems from the encryption methods used to safeguard the network. Transactions are verified using keys, which serve as proof of ownership for cryptocurrency addresses and facilitate the transfer of assets.

Different Types of Cryptocurrencies

It is impossible to provide a list of all existing cryptocurrencies in this article due, to their number currently exceeding 10,000. However we will highlight some known and widely adopted ones.

• Bitcoin (BTC)

Among these cryptocurrencies is bitcoin, introduced in 2009 as a currency. With a market capitalization of $527.39 billion dollars bitcoin has gained recognition as one of the most prominent crypto coins worldwide. Satoshi Nakamoto is credited with developing this accepted currency.

• Ethereum (ETH)

Ethereum was introduced in 2015 as a platform that allows the development of applications using contracts. It holds the position, in terms of market capitalization after Bitcoin. Ethereum is widely. Respected as one of the cryptocurrencies.

• Cardamon (ADA)

Cardano was specifically designed to tackle scalability and accessibility issues faced by cryptocurrencies. Its main goal is to establish a blockchain platform. It currently ranks among the top ten largest cryptocurrencies based on its native ADA token.

• Dogecoin (DOGE)

Initially created as a concept, Dogecoin (DOGE) has gained popularity due to its widespread use for internet tipping and endorsement from influential figures like Elon Musk.

• Solana (SOL)

Solana is a blockchain network that prioritizes high transaction speeds and low costs. The SOL coin also holds a spot, among the ten cryptocurrencies when it comes to market capitalization.

• Polkadot (DOT)

This coin is a blockchain protocol that fosters interoperability between cryptocurrency networks.

Aside the coins mentioned above, there are thousands of other coins as mentioned earlier.

Advantages of Cryptocurrency

Both cryptocurrencies and blockchain networks comes with benefits that makes them attractive when compared to other payment systems and flat currencies.

Below are some cryptocurrencies advantages:

• Decentralization:

Cryptocurrencies operate without dependence on centralized financial authorities, which reduces the risk of systemic issues and allows for resistance against censorship. Control is distributed across participants in the blockchain.

• Enhanced Security:

Blockchain-based transactions makes digital currency transfers highly secure against fraud or tampering. This prevents issues like double spending.

• Accessibility:

You simply need an internet connection to send or receive cryptocurrency. This enables broader financial inclusion worldwide, especially in developing countries.

Anonymity:

Unless you personally attached your identity to a transaction, cryptocurrency transactions are largely anonymous and your identity will not be known.. Users interact through blockchain addresses rather than names.

Fast Transactions:

Cryptocurrency payments are quickly settled and confirmed, sometimes in seconds or few minutes.

Low Fees:

Most cryptocurrency transactions incur minor network fees, far lower than credit card fees or wire transfer charges, making micro-transactions more feasible and cheap.

Control:

You have complete control over your personal funds. Without the need for financial institutions like banks, you have gain financial independence and self-sovereignty.

Are Cryptocurrencies Safe?

While cryptocurrencies provide many benefits, they also come with few risks that investors should carefully consider. Let's take a look at some of those risks.

Downsides Using Cryptocurrencies

Here are some of the risks that comes with Cryptocurrencies:

• Volatility: Cryptocurrency valuations can sometimes have wild swings or crashes. Prices can fluctuate severely even within a single day. Having stable coins like USDT can help in this case.

• Hacks: Crypto exchanges, wallets, protocols, and smart contracts are vulnerable to security breaches if not properly coded. Billions of dollars have been lost in cyber attacks. Proper security measures are critical. Avoid sharing your contract address to non trusted sites.

• Limited Oversight: Government regulations around cryptocurrencies are still developing. Unlike banks, there is less recourse for fraud or theft due to limited consumer protections.

• Technicality Barriers: Safely purchasing, storing, and using cryptocurrencies requires advanced technical knowledge that is difficult for mainstream users. Cryptocurrency is easy to lose through user error.

Scams: The cryptocurrency industry suffers from rampant scam projects, deceptive advertising, and Ponzi schemes promising unrealistic returns. Avoiding frauds requires thorough due diligence.

Cryptocurrency Usage in Africa

Across Africa, cryptocurrencies are addressing critical needs related to financial inclusion and stable savings. According to a Chainalysis report, Sub-Saharan Africa saw modest growth, receiving an estimated $125 billion in on-chain value between July 2023 and June 2024. This represents a $7.5 billion increase compared to last year.

Here are some of the drivers behind crypto adoption in Africa:

• Serving the Unbanked:

About 66% of Sub-Saharan Africans lack access to traditional banking. Cryptocurrencies enable participation in financial services using just your mobile phones without paperwork.

• Cross-Border Payments: For workers outside their country, cryptocurrencies allow fast and low-cost transfers that avoid steep remittance fees charged by money transfer operators.

• Stability: Cryptocurrencies offer Africans a store of value and help protect from high inflation rates plaguing many national African currencies like Nigerian Naira.

• Tech-Driven Youth: Young, tech-savvy populations across Africa are leading the shift to cryptocurrency to gain financial independence apart from state-run financial systems.

Final Thoughts

For the first time, digital money can be transferred globally without relying on government-issued currencies, banks, payment processors, or other intermediaries all thanks to Cryptocurrencies. @Yakihonne

@ ec951079:533d29e7

The Life of a Student👩‍🎓: Balancing Academics, Personal Growth, and Everything in Between.**

Introduction

Being a student is a unique and transformative experience that shapes individuals in countless ways. From the early morning alarm clocks to the late-night study sessions, students navigate a complex web of academics, personal growth, and social relationships. In this article, we will delve into the life of a student, exploring the challenges, opportunities, and lessons that come with this journey.

The Daily Grind

A typical day in the life of a student begins early, with the sound of an alarm clock piercing through the silence. After a quick breakfast, students rush to their morning classes, often with a mix of excitement and dread. The academic day is filled with lectures, discussions, and assignments, each designed to challenge and engage young minds.

Between classes, students often grab a snack or lunch with friends, sharing stories and laughter to break the monotony of the day. Afternoon classes may be followed by club meetings, sports practices, or part-time jobs, as students strive to balance academics with extracurricular activities.

The Struggle is Real

Despite the many rewards of student life, challenges abound. Students often struggle with:

1. Time management: Balancing academics, social life, and personal responsibilities can be overwhelming.
2. Financial stress: Tuition fees, living expenses, and textbooks can put a significant strain on students' finances.
3. Academic pressure: Meeting expectations from parents, teachers, and oneself can lead to anxiety and stress.
4. Self-doubt: Students may question their abilities, choices, and future prospects.

The Silver Lining

Amidst the challenges, student life offers countless opportunities for growth, exploration, and connection. Students can:

1. Discover new passions: Through electives, clubs, and internships, students can uncover hidden talents and interests.
2. Develop valuable skills: Time management, teamwork, and problem-solving are just a few of the essential skills students can hone.
3. Build lifelong relationships: Friendships forged in the classroom, dorm, or club can last a lifetime.
4. Explore identity and purpose: Student life provides a unique chance for self-reflection, exploration, and discovery.

Lessons Learned

As students navigate the ups and downs of academic life, they accumulate valuable lessons that extend far beyond the classroom:

1. Resilience: Students learn to adapt, persevere, and bounce back from setbacks.
2. Self-awareness: Through trial and error, students develop a deeper understanding of their strengths, weaknesses, and motivations.
3. Independence: As students take ownership of their decisions and actions, they cultivate independence and self-reliance.
4. Empathy and compassion: By interacting with diverse peers and facing shared challenges, students develop essential social skills.

Conclusion

The life of a student is a dynamic, transformative journey marked by growth, exploration, and self-discovery. While challenges abound, the opportunities for learning, connection, and personal development are unparalleled. As students navigate the complexities of academic life, they accumulate valuable lessons, skills, and relationships that will serve them well beyond their time in school.

@ fff19d35:43344a0b

The Rise of Cryptocurrency: Bitcoin, YakiHonne, and Beyond*

The world of cryptocurrency has experienced tremendous growth and development in recent years. From its humble beginnings to the current market boom, cryptocurrency has become a major player in the global financial landscape. In this article, I will explore the development and growth of cryptocurrency, with a focus on Bitcoin and YakiHonne.

The Early Days of Cryptocurrency

The concept of cryptocurrency dates back to the 1980s, but it wasn't until the launch of Bitcoin in 2009 that the industry began to gain traction. Created by an individual or group of individuals using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin was designed to be a decentralized, peer-to-peer digital currency.

The Rise of Bitcoin

Bitcoin's early success was met with skepticism and regulatory challenges. However, as the currency gained popularity and its value increased, it became clear that Bitcoin was here to stay. Today, Bitcoin is the largest and most well-known cryptocurrency, with a market capitalization of over $1 trillion.

The Emergence of YakiHonne

While Bitcoin may be the most well-known cryptocurrency, other players are emerging to challenge its dominance. One such player is YakiHonne, a relatively new cryptocurrency that has gained significant attention in recent months. YakiHonne's unique features, such as its fast transaction times and low fees, have made it an attractive option for investors and users.

The Future of Cryptocurrency

As the cryptocurrency market continues to grow and mature, we can expect to see new players emerge and existing ones continue to innovate. The development of decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and other cryptocurrency-related technologies will likely play a major role in shaping the future of the industry.

Conclusion

The development and growth of cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, and YakiHonne are testaments to the power of innovation and the demand for alternative financial systems. As the industry continues to evolve, it will be exciting to see how these players and others adapt and thrive in the ever-changing landscape of cryptocurrency.

@ a305a0de:21557ddd

Bitcoin, created in 2009, is a digital currency that allows peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries. It's based on blockchain technology, maintained by a global network of computers.

Benefits include decentralization, security, accessibility, and a limited supply. However, Bitcoin also faces challenges like volatility, regulatory uncertainty, scalability issues, and environmental concerns.

Despite these challenges, Bitcoin's impact on finance is undeniable. As the world becomes increasingly digital, Bitcoin is likely to continue shaping the future of finance.

@ 917be69d:bfe8083e

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that allows for peer-to-peer transactions without the need for intermediaries like banks. It was created in 2009 by an anonymous individual or group using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto.

How Does it Work?

Bitcoin uses blockchain technology, a public ledger that records all transactions made with the currency. Transactions are verified by a network of computers around the world, called nodes, through a process called mining.

Key Characteristics:

1. Decentralized: Bitcoin operates independently of central banks and governments.
2. Limited supply: There will only ever be 21 million Bitcoins in existence.
3. Fast and global: Transactions are processed quickly, regardless of the sender's and recipient's locations.
4. Secure: Transactions are encrypted and verified through the blockchain.

Uses and Benefits:

1. Investment: Bitcoin's value can fluctuate, making it a popular investment option.
2. Payments: Bitcoin can be used to make purchases online and in-person.
3. Remittances: Bitcoin's fast and global nature makes it an attractive option for sending money across borders.

Challenges and Risks:

1. Volatility: Bitcoin's value can fluctuate rapidly.
2. Regulatory uncertainty: Bitcoin's legal status varies by country.
3. Security risks: Bitcoin exchanges, wallets, and transactions can be vulnerable to hacking.

Overall, Bitcoin is a complex and multifaceted digital currency that offers a range of benefits and challenges.

@ 89c1d3b9:6fa133db

****The Decentralization of Bitcoin: A Key to its Success_

Bitcoin's decentralized nature is a fundamental aspect of its design. Unlike traditional currencies, Bitcoin operates without a central authority or government control.

Key Benefits of Decentralization:

1. Security: No single point of failure.
2. Freedom: Transactions occur peer-to-peer.
3. Transparency: All transactions are recorded publicly.

Conclusion:

Bitcoin's decentralization ensures a secure, free, and transparent financial system. This core principle has contributed to Bitcoin's success and popularity.`

@ 8dc86882:9dc4ba5e

So, many people in the tech world seem to just hate all things to the right. It is a very left centric group, at least the most vocal members. Because of this, they tend to operate with blinders on and don't look at opportunity.

With the creation of DOGE (Department of Government Efficiency) there is a much better chance than in the past to push change in the government. That is, if they do as they say they will. I will give them the benefit of the doubt.

What do you suggest then, tech community? People have been saying the Government should be running open source software, getting away from Microsoft, for decades now. It was almost a utopian dream I've heard repeated through my years as a Linux and Open Source user. Now is the time to push it, speak up.

If there was going to be any other time to speak up, now is it. Open source can decrease bureaucracy, cut costs, and limit outside interests in governmental departments. It fits the DOGE team's goals exactingly.

It's time for all the open source advocates to put their hatred for the right aside and take advantage of this one time period. I will bet, once this presidential term ends, this department will be castrated of any real power if not removed completely. It's now or never in my opinion.

@ 6fff5148:a5dd5cdf

what is Bitcoin Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, a peer-to-peer digital currency that operates independently of a central governing authority. Bitcoin enables direct transactions between users, secured by cryptographic technology and recorded on a transparent and immutable ledger known as the blockchain.

This innovation not only ensures security and transparency but also challenges traditional financial systems by offering a global currency that is accessible to anyone with internet access.

Picture it as digital gold: whereas gold is physically mined from the earth, Bitcoin is created through the use of powerful computers solving complex problems, known as "Bitcoin mining." Unlike gold, you can't physically touch Bitcoin; it exists purely in the digital realm.

Bitcoin was first introduced in 2009 by a person (or group) named Satoshi Nakamoto. Little is known about their identity–but more on that later!

Today, Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency, with a market capitalization that far surpasses any other digital currency. It has become a benchmark for the crypto market, influencing the launch of thousands of other cryptocurrencies and ushering in a new era of digital finance.

Key Bitcoin Concepts in Simple Words Cryptocurrency: A type of digital or virtual money that uses cryptography for security, making it difficult to counterfeit. Blockchain: A digital ledger that records all Bitcoin transactions, like a global spreadsheet that everyone can see but no one can tamper with. Wallet: A digital pouch that safely stores your Bitcoin, similar to a virtual bank account. Public and Private Keys: A pair of digital keys where the public key is your Bitcoin address (like an email address) and the private key is your secret password to access and send your Bitcoins. Decentralization: The principle of distributing control across the entire network rather than relying on a central authority, like having a group decision instead of one boss calling the shots. Mining: The process of using computer power to solve complex puzzles, securing the network and creating new Bitcoins as a reward. Satoshi: The smallest unit of Bitcoin, named after its mysterious creator, worth one hundred millionth of a Bitcoin. ‍ BTC: BTC is the abbreviation for Bitcoin typically used when referring to the currency unit in transactions, price listings, and financial discussions. Source: https://www.blockpit.io/en-us/blog/what-is-bitcoin#:~:text=Bitcoin%20is%20a%20cryptocurrency%2C%20a,ledger%20known%20as%20the%20blockchain.