@ c296b5f7:c7282b53

testee

@ 7953d1fa:69c8039d

No mundo digital em constante evolução, plataformas de entretenimento online vêm ganhando espaço entre os brasileiros que buscam diversão, emoção e recompensas. Uma das opções que tem se destacado recentemente é a KK999, uma plataforma moderna, segura e repleta de oportunidades para jogadores de todos os níveis. Com uma ampla gama de jogos envolventes e uma experiência de usuário otimizada, o KK999 está conquistando cada vez mais adeptos no Brasil.

Introdução à Plataforma KK999 O KK999 se diferencia por oferecer uma experiência completa e intuitiva desde o primeiro acesso. A interface da plataforma foi cuidadosamente projetada para ser amigável, permitindo que novos usuários se cadastrem rapidamente e naveguem com facilidade. Tudo é pensado para garantir que o jogador tenha uma experiência fluida, sem complicações e com total transparência.

Além disso, o kk999se destaca por sua forte infraestrutura de segurança. Utilizando tecnologia de criptografia de ponta, os dados dos usuários são protegidos em todas as transações, garantindo tranquilidade para quem deseja apenas se divertir. Outro ponto importante é o suporte ao cliente, que está disponível 24 horas por dia, com atendimento em português, pronto para auxiliar com qualquer dúvida ou necessidade.

Variedade de Jogos para Todos os Gostos Um dos grandes atrativos do KK999 é a impressionante variedade de jogos disponíveis. Desde os tradicionais jogos de cartas até opções modernas com gráficos avançados, a plataforma atende todos os estilos de jogadores. Entre os destaques, estão as famosas roletas virtuais, jogos de pesca interativa, slot machines com temas variados e jogos ao vivo que simulam a sensação de estar em uma sala de jogos física.

Os slots, por exemplo, são um sucesso entre os brasileiros, oferecendo desde títulos clássicos com frutas e números até aventuras temáticas com bônus emocionantes. Os jogos de cartas também têm grande popularidade, incluindo versões modernas de pôquer, bacará e outros jogos estratégicos que desafiam a mente do jogador.

Para quem gosta de competir em tempo real, o KK999 oferece jogos ao vivo com crupiês reais e interatividade instantânea, proporcionando uma experiência imersiva e cheia de adrenalina. Tudo isso com transmissões de alta qualidade e conexão estável.

Experiência do Jogador: Diversão e Confiabilidade A experiência do jogador é uma das maiores prioridades do KK999. Desde o primeiro cadastro até as jogadas mais avançadas, a plataforma investe em funcionalidades que aumentam o conforto e a confiança do usuário. A navegação é rápida, os jogos carregam com eficiência e as recompensas são distribuídas com agilidade.

Outro fator que atrai muitos jogadores é o sistema de bônus e promoções. O KK999 frequentemente disponibiliza ofertas especiais para novos membros e prêmios para usuários frequentes, incentivando a fidelidade e aumentando ainda mais as chances de ganhar.

Além disso, o KK999 oferece uma experiência totalmente otimizada para dispositivos móveis. Seja no celular ou tablet, o jogador pode acessar todos os recursos da plataforma de qualquer lugar, a qualquer momento, sem perder desempenho ou qualidade.

Conclusão O KK999 se consolida como uma das principais plataformas de entretenimento digital no Brasil, reunindo inovação, segurança e uma variedade impressionante de jogos. Ideal tanto para iniciantes quanto para jogadores experientes, o site oferece tudo o que é necessário para transformar momentos comuns em experiências emocionantes.

@ c296b5f7:c7282b53

@ 7953d1fa:69c8039d

O cenário do entretenimento online no Brasil vem evoluindo rapidamente, e uma das plataformas que mais se destaca atualmente é a 8CC. Com uma proposta moderna, intuitiva e voltada para a melhor experiência do usuário, a 8CC conquistou a confiança de milhares de jogadores que buscam diversão, praticidade e oportunidades de ganhos reais em um ambiente seguro.

Conhecendo a Plataforma 8CC A 8CC é uma plataforma digital desenvolvida para atender tanto iniciantes quanto jogadores experientes. Sua interface amigável e bem organizada facilita a navegação mesmo para quem nunca teve contato com esse tipo de entretenimento antes. Compatível com computadores, tablets e celulares, o site é totalmente responsivo, o que significa que você pode se divertir de qualquer lugar, a qualquer hora.

Um dos diferenciais da 8cc é o seu compromisso com a segurança dos usuários. A plataforma utiliza tecnologia de criptografia de ponta para garantir a proteção de dados pessoais e transações financeiras. Além disso, o suporte ao cliente está sempre disponível para tirar dúvidas, resolver problemas e oferecer o melhor atendimento possível.

Diversidade de Jogos para Todos os Gostos Na 8CC, os jogadores têm acesso a uma vasta seleção de jogos online, desenvolvidos pelos principais provedores do mercado internacional. Isso garante alta qualidade gráfica, mecânicas inovadoras e excelente desempenho.

Entre os jogos mais populares da plataforma estão:

Slots (caça-níqueis): com temas variados, rodadas bônus e jackpots progressivos que proporcionam grandes emoções.

Jogos de mesa clássicos: como roleta, blackjack e bacará, com versões que imitam perfeitamente a experiência de jogo ao vivo.

Jogos com crupiês em tempo real: transmitidos com qualidade HD, esses jogos trazem interatividade e realismo, permitindo que o jogador se sinta dentro de um ambiente físico de alto padrão.

A plataforma também disponibiliza jogos de habilidade e apostas esportivas ao vivo, oferecendo uma experiência ainda mais completa e personalizada de acordo com o perfil de cada usuário.

Experiência do Jogador na 8CC Quem já experimentou jogar na 8CC sabe o quanto a plataforma valoriza o conforto e a satisfação de seus usuários. Desde o momento do cadastro até o resgate de ganhos, tudo é feito de forma simples, rápida e segura. O processo de registro é intuitivo, exigindo apenas alguns dados básicos, e os métodos de pagamento são variados, aceitando transferências bancárias, carteiras digitais e até criptomoedas.

Outro destaque é o sistema de recompensas e promoções. A 8CC frequentemente oferece bônus de boas-vindas, rodadas grátis e campanhas especiais para usuários fiéis, o que aumenta ainda mais as chances de ganhar e prolonga a diversão. Além disso, a plataforma promove torneios e desafios semanais com prêmios atrativos, incentivando a competição saudável entre os jogadores.

Por Que Escolher a 8CC? Existem muitas razões para escolher a 8CC como sua principal plataforma de jogos online:

Confiabilidade e segurança em todas as operações;

Variedade de jogos para todos os perfis;

Interface moderna e de fácil navegação;

Promoções e bônus frequentes;

Atendimento ao cliente eficiente e disponível 24 horas.

Se você busca uma experiência diferenciada, com diversão garantida e a possibilidade de transformar seu tempo livre em momentos empolgantes, a 8CC é a escolha certa. Descubra agora mesmo tudo o que essa plataforma inovadora tem a oferecer e junte-se à comunidade que está revolucionando o entretenimento digital no Brasil.

@ 472f440f:5669301e

Marty's Bent

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0Sj1sG05VQ

Here's a great presentation from our good friend nostr:nprofile1qyx8wumn8ghj7cnjvghxjmcpp4mhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mqqyz2hj3zg2g3pqwxuhg69zgjhke4pcmjmmdpnndnefqndgqjt8exwj6ee8v7 , President of The Nakamoto Institute titled Hodl for Good. He gave it earlier this year at the BitBlockBoom Conference, and I think it's something everyone reading this should take 25 minutes to watch. Especially if you find yourself wondering whether or not it's a good idea to spend bitcoin at any given point in time. Michael gives an incredible Austrian Economics 101 lesson on the importance of lowering one's time preference and fully understanding the importance of hodling bitcoin. For the uninitiated, it may seem that the hodl meme is nothing more than a call to hoard bitcoins in hopes of getting rich eventually. However, as Michael points out, there's layers to the hodl meme and the good that hodling can bring individuals and the economy overall.

The first thing one needs to do to better understand the hodl meme is to completely flip the framing that is typically thrust on bitcoiners who encourage others to hodl. Instead of ceding that hodling is a greedy or selfish action, remind people that hodling, or better known as saving, is the foundation of capital formation, from which all productive and efficient economic activity stems. Number go up technology is great and it really matters. It matters because it enables anybody leveraging that technology to accumulate capital that can then be allocated toward productive endeavors that bring value to the individual who creates them and the individual who buys them.

When one internalizes this, it enables them to turn to personal praxis and focus on minimizing present consumption while thinking of ways to maximize long-term value creation. Live below your means, stack sats, and use the time that you're buying to think about things that you want in the future. By lowering your time preference and saving in a harder money you will have the luxury of demanding higher quality goods in the future. Another way of saying this is that you will be able to reshape production by voting with your sats. Initially when you hold them off the market by saving them - signaling that the market doesn't have goods worthy of your sats - and ultimately by redeploying them into the market when you find higher quality goods that meet the standards desire.

The first part of this equation is extremely important because it sends a signal to producers that they need to increase the quality of their work. As more and more individuals decide to use bitcoin as their savings technology, the signal gets stronger. And over many cycles we should begin to see low quality cheap goods exit the market in favor of higher quality goods that provide more value and lasts longer and, therefore, make it easier for an individual to depart with their hard-earned and hard-saved sats. This is only but one aspect that Michael tries to imbue throughout his presentation.

The other is the ability to buy yourself leisure time when you lower your time preference and save more than you spend. When your savings hit a critical tipping point that gives you the luxury to sit back and experience true leisure, which Michael explains is not idleness, but the contemplative space to study, create art, refine taste, and to find what "better goods" actually are. Those who can experience true leisure while reaping the benefits of saving in a hard asset that is increasing in purchasing power significantly over the long term are those who build truly great things. Things that outlast those who build them. Great art, great monuments, great institutions were all built by men who were afforded the time to experience leisure. Partly because they were leveraging hard money as their savings and the place they stored the profits reaped from their entrepreneurial endeavors.

If you squint and look into the future a couple of decades, it isn't hard to see a reality like this manifesting. As more people begin to save in Bitcoin, the forces of supply and demand will continue to come into play. There will only ever be 21 million bitcoin, there are around 8 billion people on this planet, and as more of those 8 billion individuals decide that bitcoin is the best savings vehicle, the price of bitcoin will rise.

When the price of bitcoin rises, it makes all other goods cheaper in bitcoin terms and, again, expands the entrepreneurial opportunity. The best part about this feedback loop is that even non-holders of bitcoin benefit through higher real wages and faster tech diffusion. The individuals and business owners who decide to hodl bitcoin will bring these benefits to the world whether you decide to use bitcoin or not.

This is why it is virtuous to hodl bitcoin. The potential for good things to manifest throughout the world increase when more individuals decide to hodl bitcoin. And as Michael very eloquently points out, this does not mean that people will not spend their bitcoin. It simply means that they have standards for the things that they will spend their bitcoin on. And those standards are higher than most who are fully engrossed in the high velocity trash economy have today.

In my opinion, one of those higher causes worthy of a sats donation is nostr:nprofile1qyfhwumn8ghj7enjv4jhyetvv9uju7re0gq3uamnwvaz7tmfdemxjmrvv9nk2tt0w468v6tvd3skwefwvdhk6qpqwzc9lz2f40azl98shkjewx3pywg5e5alwqxg09ew2mdyeey0c2rqcfecft . Consider donating so they can preserve and disseminate vital information about bitcoin and its foundations.

The Shell Game: How Health Narratives May Distract from Vaccine Risks

In our recent podcast, Dr. Jack Kruse presented a concerning theory about public health messaging. He argues that figures like Casey and Callie Means are promoting food and exercise narratives as a deliberate distraction from urgent vaccine issues. While no one disputes healthy eating matters, Dr. Kruse insists that focusing on "Froot Loops and Red Dye" diverts attention from what he sees as immediate dangers of mRNA vaccines, particularly for children.

"It's gonna take you 50 years to die from processed food. But the messenger jab can drop you like Damar Hamlin." - Dr Jack Kruse

Dr. Kruse emphasized that approximately 25,000 children per month are still receiving COVID vaccines despite concerns, with 3 million doses administered since Trump's election. This "shell game," as he describes it, allows vaccines to remain on childhood schedules while public attention fixates on less immediate health threats. As host, I believe this pattern deserves our heightened scrutiny given the potential stakes for our children's wellbeing.

Check out the full podcast here for more on Big Pharma's alleged bioweapons program, the "Time Bank Account" concept, and how Bitcoin principles apply to health sovereignty.

Headlines of the Day

Aussie Judge: Bitcoin is Money, Possibly CGT-Exempt - via X

JPMorgan to Let Clients Buy Bitcoin Without Direct Custody - via X

Get our new STACK SATS hat - via tftcmerch.io

Mubadala Acquires 384,239 sats | $408.50M Stake in BlackRock Bitcoin ETF - via X

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Ten31, the largest bitcoin-focused investor, has deployed 158,469 sats | $150.00M across 30+ companies through three funds. I am a Managing Partner at Ten31 and am very proud of the work we are doing. Learn more at ten31.vc/invest.

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Final thought...

I've been walking from my house around Town Lake in Austin in the mornings and taking calls on the walk. Big fan of a walking call.

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Get this newsletter sent to your inbox daily: https://www.tftc.io/bitcoin-brief/

Subscribe to our YouTube channels and follow us on Nostr and X:

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https://curtlink.com/user/login powerdigital f1950610#@

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

https://youtu.be/EPiE-Ruhohg

I'm pretty sure Ben called Caruso the "Bald Mamba" in this video, which is an awesome nickname for him.

Great walkthrough of the adjustments made over the course of seven games to try to disrupt Joker, culminating with putting Caruso (who's 100 lbs lighter and 6 inches shorter) on him.

https://stacker.news/items/984227

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

🏌️ Monday, May 26 – Bitcoin Golf Championship & Kickoff Party

Location: Las Vegas, Nevada\ Event: 2nd Annual Bitcoin Golf Championship & Kick Off Party"\ Where: Bali Hai Golf Clubhouse, 5160 S Las Vegas Blvd, Las Vegas, NV 89119\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!

Details:

• The week tees off in style with the Bitcoin Golf Championship. Swing clubs by day and swing to music by night.

• Live performances from Nostr-powered acts courtesy of Tunestr, including Ainsley Costello and others.

• Stop by the Purple Pill Booth hosted by Derek and Tanja, who will be on-boarding golfers and attendees to the decentralized social future with Nostr.

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💬 May 27–29 – Bitcoin 2025 Conference at the Las Vegas Convention Center

Location: The Venetian Resort\ Main Attraction for Nostr Fans: The Nostr Lounge\ When: All day, Tuesday through Thursday\ Where: Right outside the Open Source Stage\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!

Come chill at the Nostr Lounge, your home base for all things decentralized social. With seating for \~50, comfy couches, high-tops, and good vibes, it’s the perfect space to meet developers, community leaders, and curious newcomers building the future of censorship-resistant communication.

Bonus: Right across the aisle, you’ll find Shopstr, a decentralized marketplace app built on Nostr. Stop by their booth to explore how peer-to-peer commerce works in a truly open ecosystem.

Daily Highlights at the Lounge:

• ☕️ Hang out casually or sit down for a deeper conversation about the Nostr protocol

• 🔧 1:1 demos from app teams

• 🛍️ Merch available onsite

• 🧠 Impromptu lightning talks

• 🎤 Scheduled Meetups (details below)

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🎯 Nostr Lounge Meetups

Wednesday, May 28 @ 1:00 PM

• Damus Meetup: Come meet the team behind Damus, the OG Nostr app for iOS that helped kickstart the social revolution. They'll also be showcasing their new cross-platform app, Notedeck, designed for a more unified Nostr experience across devices. Grab some merch, get a demo, and connect directly with the developers.

Thursday, May 29 @ 1:00 PM

• Primal Meetup: Dive into Primal, the slickest Nostr experience available on web, Android, and iOS. With a built-in wallet, zapping your favorite creators and friends has never been easier. The team will be on-site for hands-on demos, Q\&A, merch giveaways, and deeper discussions on building the social layer of Bitcoin.

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🎙️ Nostr Talks at Bitcoin 2025

If you want to hear from the minds building decentralized social, make sure you attend these two official conference sessions:

1. FROSTR Workshop: Multisig Nostr Signing

• 🕚 Time: 11:30 AM – 12:00 PM

• 📅 Date: Wednesday, May 28

• 📍 Location: Developer Zone

• 🎤 Speaker: nostr:nprofile1qy2hwumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgqgdwaehxw309ahx7uewd3hkcqpqs9etjgzjglwlaxdhsveq0qksxyh6xpdpn8ajh69ruetrug957r3qf4ggfm (Austin Kelsay) @ Voltage\ A deep-dive into FROST-based multisig key management for Nostr. Geared toward devs and power users interested in key security.

2. Panel: Decentralizing Social Media

• 🕑 Time: 2:00 PM – 2:30 PM

• 📅 Date: Thursday, May 29

• 📍 Location: Genesis Stage

• 🎙️ Moderator: nostr:nprofile1qyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqy08wumn8ghj7mn0wd68yttjv4kxz7fwv3jhyettwfhhxuewd4jsqgxnqajr23msx5malhhcz8paa2t0r70gfjpyncsqx56ztyj2nyyvlq00heps - Bitcoin Strategy @ Roxom TV

• 👥 Speakers:

• nostr:nprofile1qyt8wumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgtcppemhxue69uhkummn9ekx7mp0qqsy2ga7trfetvd3j65m3jptqw9k39wtq2mg85xz2w542p5dhg06e5qmhlpep – Early Bitcoin dev, CEO @ Sirius Business Ltd

• nostr:nprofile1qy2hwumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytndv9kxjm3wdahxcqg5waehxw309ahx7um5wfekzarkvyhxuet5qqsw4v882mfjhq9u63j08kzyhqzqxqc8tgf740p4nxnk9jdv02u37ncdhu7e3 – Analyst & Partner @ Ego Death Capital

Get the big-picture perspective on why decentralized social matters and how Nostr fits into the future of digital communication.

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🌃 NOS VEGAS Meetup & Afterparty

Date: Wednesday, May 28\ Time: 7:00 PM – 1:00 AM\ Location: We All Scream Nightclub, 517 Fremont St., Las Vegas, NV 89101\ 🎟️ Get Tickets!

What to Expect:

• 🎶 Live Music Stage – Featuring Ainsley Costello, Sara Jade, Able James, Martin Groom, Bobby Shell, Jessie Lark, and other V4V artists

• 🪩 DJ Party Deck – With sets by nostr:nprofile1qy0hwumn8ghj7cmgdae82uewd45kketyd9kxwetj9e3k7mf6xs6rgqgcwaehxw309ahx7um5wgh85mm694ek2unk9ehhyecqyq7hpmq75krx2zsywntgtpz5yzwjyg2c7sreardcqmcp0m67xrnkwylzzk4 , nostr:nprofile1qy2hwumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgqgkwaehxw309anx2etywvhxummnw3ezucnpdejqqg967faye3x6fxgnul77ej23l5aew8yj0x2e4a3tq2mkrgzrcvecfsk8xlu3 , and more DJs throwing down

• 🛰️ Live-streamed via Tunestr

• 🧠 Nostr Education – Talks by nostr:nprofile1qy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uq37amnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3dwfjkccte9ejx2un9ddex7umn9ekk2tcqyqlhwrt96wnkf2w9edgr4cfruchvwkv26q6asdhz4qg08pm6w3djg3c8m4j , nostr:nprofile1qy2hwumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgqg7waehxw309anx2etywvhxummnw3ezucnpdejz7ur0wp6kcctjqqspywh6ulgc0w3k6mwum97m7jkvtxh0lcjr77p9jtlc7f0d27wlxpslwvhau , nostr:nprofile1qy88wumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmv9uq3vamnwvaz7tmwdaehgu3wd33xgetk9en82m30qqsgqke57uygxl0m8elstq26c4mq2erz3dvdtgxwswwvhdh0xcs04sc4u9p7d , nostr:nprofile1q9z8wumn8ghj7erzx3jkvmmzw4eny6tvw368wdt8da4kxamrdvek76mrwg6rwdngw94k67t3v36k77tev3kx7vn2xa5kjem9dp4hjepwd3hkxctvqyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnhd9hx2qpqyaul8k059377u9lsu67de7y637w4jtgeuwcmh5n7788l6xnlnrgssuy4zk , nostr:nprofile1qy28wue69uhnzvpwxqhrqt33xgmn5dfsx5cqz9thwden5te0v4jx2m3wdehhxarj9ekxzmnyqqswavgevxe9gs43vwylumr7h656mu9vxmw4j6qkafc3nefphzpph8ssvcgf8 , and more.

• 🧾 Vendors & Project Booths – Explore new tools and services

• 🔐 Onboarding Stations – Learn how to use Nostr hands-on

• 🐦 Nostrich Flocking – Meet your favorite nyms IRL

• 🍸 Three Full Bars – Two floors of socializing overlooking vibrant Fremont Street

| | | | | ----------- | -------------------- | ------------------- | | Time | Name | Topic | | 7:30-7:50 | Derek | Nostr for Beginners | | 8:00-8:20 | Mark & Paul | Primal | | 8:30-8:50 | Terry | Damus | | 9:00-9:20 | OpenMike and Ainsley | V4V | | 09:30-09:50 | The Space | Space |

This is the after-party of the year for those who love freedom technology and decentralized social community. Don’t miss it.

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Final Thoughts

Whether you're there to learn, network, party, or build, Bitcoin 2025 in Las Vegas has a packed week of Nostr-friendly programming. Be sure to catch all the events, visit the Nostr Lounge, and experience the growing decentralized social revolution.

🟣 Find us. Flock with us. Purple pill someone.

@ 6e0ea5d6:0327f353

**Ascolta bene! ** A man's sentimental longing, though often disguised in noble language and imagination, is a sickness—not a virtue.

It begins as a slight inclination toward tenderness, cloaked in sweetness. Then it reveals itself as a masked addiction: a constant need to be seen by a woman, validated by her, and reciprocated—as if someone else's affection were the only anchor preventing the shipwreck of his emotions.

The man who understands the weight of leadership seeks no applause, no gratitude, not even romantic love. He knows that his role is not theatrical but structural. He is not measured by the emotion he evokes, but by the stability he ensures. Being a true man is not ornamental. He is not a decorative symbol in the family frame.

We live in an era where male roles have been distorted by an overindulgence in emotion. The man stopped guiding and began asking for direction. His firmness was exchanged for softness, his decisiveness for hesitation. Trying to please, many have given up authority. Trying to love, they’ve begun to bow. A man who begs for validation within his own home is not a leader—he is a guest. And when the patriarch has to ask for a seat at the table he should preside over and sustain, something has already been irreversibly inverted.

Unexamined longing turns into pleading. And all begging is the antechamber of humiliation. A man who never learned to cultivate dignified solitude will inevitably fall to his knees in desperation. And then, he yields. Yields to mediocre presence, to shallow affection, to constant disrespect. He smiles while he bleeds, praises the one who despises him, accepts crumbs and pretends it’s a banquet. All of it, cazzo... just to avoid the horror of being alone.

Davvero, amico mio, for the men who beg for romance, only the consolation of being remembered will remain—not with respect, but with pity and disgust.

The modern world feeds the fragile with illusions, but reality spits them out. Sentimental longing is now celebrated as sensitivity. But every man who nurtures it as an excuse will, sooner or later, pay for it with his dignity.

Thank you for reading, my friend!

If this message resonated with you, consider leaving your "🥃" as a token of appreciation.

A toast to our family!

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

พอพูดถึงบริษัทอย่าง Formo ที่ทำชีสโดยไม่ใช้วัวเลย คนส่วนใหญ่จะนึกถึงคำว่า “นวัตกรรม” “ยั่งยืน” “ลดโลกร้อน” กันเป็นด่านแรก แต่พอเฮียมองทะลุม่านควันพวกนี้ไป จะเห็นทุนรายใหญ่ที่หนุนหลังอยู่ ซึ่งหลายเจ้าก็ไม่ใช่ผู้พิทักษ์โลก แต่เป็นผู้เล่นตัวจี๊ดในอุตสาหกรรมอาหารโลกมายาวนาน

หนึ่งในนั้นคือบริษัทจากเกาหลีใต้ชื่อ CJ CheilJedang ซึ่งอาจฟังดูไกลตัว แต่จริงๆ แล้ว เฮียว่าชื่อนี้โผล่ตามซองอาหารสำเร็จรูปในครัวคนไทยหลายบ้านโดยไม่รู้ตัว

ถ้าจะเข้าใจ Formo ให้ถึงแก่น เราต้องมองไปถึงทุนที่ “ใส่เงิน” และ “ใส่จุดยืน” ลงไปในบริษัทนั้น และหนึ่งในผู้ถือหุ้นรายสำคัญก็คือ CJ CheilJedang บริษัทเกาหลีใต้ที่ก่อตั้งมาตั้งแต่ปี 1953 โดยเริ่มจากการเป็นโรงงานผลิตน้ำตาล จากนั้นก็กินรวบแทบทุกวงจรอาหารของเกาหลี

โปรไฟล์ CJ แค่เห็นภาพรวมก็ขนลุกแล้วครับ ลูกพี่เราแข็งแกร่งขนาดไหน - เป็นเจ้าของแบรนด์ Bibigo ที่เราอาจจะคุ้นในสินค้า กิมจิ และ CJ Foods ที่มีขายทั่วโลก -เป็นผู้ผลิต กรดอะมิโน รายใหญ่ของโลก เช่น ไลซีน, ทรีโอนีน, ทริปโตแฟน ที่ใช้เป็นวัตถุดิบในอาหารสัตว์ แต่ตอนนี้หลายบริษัทเอาไปใส่ใน Plant-based food แล้วเคลมว่าเป็นโปรตีนสมบูรณ์ -เป็นเจ้าของโรงงานผลิต แบคทีเรียสายพันธุ์พิเศษ สำหรับการหมักหลายประเภท -ขึ้นชื่อเรื่อง bioscience โดยเฉพาะ precision fermentation ซึ่งเป็นเทคโนโลยีเดียวกับที่ Formo ใช้ผลิตเคซีน (โปรตีนในนมวัว)

แปลว่า CJ ไม่ได้มาลงทุนใน Formo แบบ “หวังผลกำไรเฉยๆ” แต่เขามองเห็น “อนาคตใหม่ของอาหาร” ที่ตัวเองจะเป็นเจ้าของต้นน้ำยันปลายน้ำ

คำถามก็คือเบื้องลึกการลงทุนใน Formo ใครได้อะไร? Formo ปิดรอบระดมทุน Series A ได้ประมาณ 50 ล้านดอลลาร์สหรัฐ เมื่อปี 2021 โดยมีนักลงทุนหลายเจ้า เช่น EQT Ventures, Elevat3 Capital, Atomico แต่ CJ CheilJedang ก็เป็นหนึ่งในผู้ลงทุนเชิงกลยุทธ์ (strategic investor) ที่เข้ามาแบบไม่ใช่แค่ลงเงิน แต่เอา เทคโนโลยี + เครือข่ายโรงงาน + ซัพพลายเชนระดับโลก มาเสริมให้ Formo ขยายได้เร็วขึ้น

การจับมือกันครั้งนี้มีนัยยะสำคัญครับ -Formo ได้ เทคโนโลยีหมักจุลินทรีย์ (ที่ CJ ถนัดมาก) และช่องทางกระจายสินค้าในเอเชีย -CJ ได้ ถือหุ้นในบริษัทที่กำลังจะเปลี่ยนภาพ “ผลิตภัณฑ์จากนม” ให้กลายเป็นสิ่งที่ไม่ต้องมีสัตว์อีกต่อไป ซึ่งจะเป็นกลยุทธ์สำคัญในการสร้างแบรนด์อาหารแห่งอนาคต ที่นมจะต้องมาจากโรงงานผลิตเท่านั้นจึงจะมีคุณสมบัติที่ดีทั้งสารอาหารและความสะอาด

CJ เองก็เคยประกาศต่อสื่อว่า อยากเป็น “Global Lifestyle Company” ซึ่งฟังดูเบาๆ แต่จริงๆ คือแผนใหญ่ในการ เปลี่ยนวิธีการกินของคนทั้งโลกได้เลยเช่นกัน -จาก “อาหารจริง” ไปเป็น “อาหารสังเคราะห์” (synthetic food) -จาก “ฟาร์มสัตว์” ไปเป็น “ถังหมักจุลินทรีย์” -จาก “ความหลากหลายตามธรรมชาติ” ไปเป็น “สูตรกลาง” ที่ควบคุมได้ในระดับโมเลกุล

การหนุนหลัง Formo จึงไม่ใช่เรื่องบังเอิญ แต่เป็นอีกหนึ่งหมากในกระดานใหญ่ที่ CJ วางไว้ เพื่อเป็นเจ้าของอาหารอนาคตแบบไม่ต้องเลี้ยงหมู ไก่ วัว แต่ครองเทคโนโลยีแทน

คำถามคือแล้วผู้บริโภคจะรู้ทันไหมว่า เบื้องหลังชีสที่ไม่มีวัว อาจมี “ทุนที่อยากครองโลกอาหาร” คำที่เคลมว่า “ยั่งยืน” อาจสร้างระบบอาหารใหม่ที่ยิ่งห่างจากธรรมชาติเข้าไปทุกที

คนที่เคย “กลัวสารเคมี” ในอาหารแปรรูป กลับกลืนผลิตภัณฑ์จากห้องแล็บ โดยคิดว่า “มันคือความสะอาดและอนาคต” #pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ c296b5f7:c7282b53

enter in leaders group https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhI9fGsMbGPHd2cF5KQwC9

@ 85fb39c4:81498307

teste

@ fd06f542:8d6d54cd

🧱 NostrTrust Initial Trust Score List (V0.1)

This list defines the initial trust scores (T Score) for key members of the Nostr community based on their contributions, reputation, and role in the ecosystem. The goal is to seed a decentralized trust system that encourages quality interactions and authentic contributions.

> ⚠️ Note: This is an draft version.

✅ Initial T Score Allocation Rules

| User Type | Initial T Score Range | Criteria | |-----------|------------------------|----------| | Founder | 10,000 | Creator of the Nostr protocol | | Core Developers | 5,000 - 8,000 | Major contributors to core codebase, clients, or infrastructure | | Active Contributors | 1,000 - 4,000 | Recognized long-term contributors to content, tools, or community |

---

👤 Initial Trust Score Table

| Name / Alias | npub | Initial T Score | Justification | |--------------|------|------------------|----------------| | fiatjaf | npub180cvv07tjdrrgpa0j7j7tmnyl2yr6yr7l8j4s3evf6u64th6gkwsyjh6w6 | 10,000 | Creator of the Nostr protocol | |Jack|npub1sg6plzptd64u62a878hep2kev88swjh3tw00gjsfl8f237lmu63q0uf63m|9,000|| | jb55 | npub1xtscya34g58tk0z605fvr788k263gsu6cy9x0mhnm87echrgufzsevkk5s | 7,000 | Developer of tools, relays, and early Nostr integrations,made damus | |Alex Gleason | npub1q3sle0kvfsehgsuexttt3ugjd8xdklxfwwkh559wxckmzddywnws6cd26p | 7,000 || |PABLOF7z|npub1l2vyh47mk2p0qlsku7hg0vn29faehy9hy34ygaclpn66ukqp3afqutajft|7,000|NDK| |DASHU|npub19yeqjawls407xjnmgkk6yss7936pcd7qzd5srlj8wye6j8433vrsjazqwk|4,000|Nostrmo | |Moss|npub129z0az8lgffuvsywazww07hx75qas3veh3dazsq56z8y39v86khs2uy5gm|4,000| freerse.com| |w|npub10td4yrp6cl9kmjp9x5yd7r8pm96a5j07lk5mtj2kw39qf8frpt8qm9x2wl|4,000| 0xchat | |Cody Tseng|npub1syjmjy0dp62dhccq3g97fr87tngvpvzey08llyt6ul58m2zqpzps9wf6wl|4,000| jumble.social| |nostr_cn_dev|npub1l5r02s4udsr28xypsyx7j9lxchf80ha4z6y6269d0da9frtd2nxsvum9jm|1,000|nostrbook.com,NostrTrust,nostrbridge| |hzrd149|npub1ye5ptcxfyyxl5vjvdjar2ua3f0hynkjzpx552mu5snj3qmx5pzjscpknpr|6,000|blossom,nostrudel| ||||| ||||| ||||| ||||| |||||

---

@ 609f186c:0aa4e8af

Google says that Android 16 is slated to feature an optional high security mode. Cool.

Advanced Protection has a bunch of requested features that address the kinds of threats we worry about.

It's the kind of 'turn this one thing on if you face elevated risk' that we've been asking for from Google.

And likely reflects some learning after Google watched Apple 's Lockdown Mode play out. I see a lot of value in this..

Here are some features I'm excited to see play out:

The Intrusion Logging feature is interesting & is going to impose substantial cost on attackers trying to hide evidence of exploitation. Logs get e2ee encrypted into the cloud. This one is spicy.

The Offline Lock, Inactivity Reboot & USB protection will frustrate non-consensual attempts to physically grab device data.

Memory Tagging Extension is going to make a lot of attack & exploitation categories harder.

2G Network Protection & disabling Auto-connect to insecure networks are going to address categories of threat from things like IMSI catchers & hostile WiFi.

I'm curious about some other features such as:

Spam & Scam detection: Google messages feature that suggests message content awareness and some kind of scanning.

Scam detection for Phone by Google is interesting & coming later. The way it is described suggests phone conversation awareness. This also addresses a different category of threat than the stuff above. I can see it addressing a whole category of bad things that regular users (& high risk ones too!) face. Will be curious how privacy is addressed or if this done purely locally. Getting messy: Friction points? I see Google thinking these through, but I'm going to add a potential concern: what will users do when they encounter friction? Will they turn this off & forget to re-enable? We've seen users turn off iOS Lockdown Mode when they run into friction for specific websites or, say, legacy WiFi. They then forget to turn it back on. And stay vulnerable.

Bottom line: users disabling Apple's Lockdown Mode for a temporary thing & leaving it off because they forget to turn it on happens a lot. This is a serious % of users in my experience...

And should be factored into design decisions for similar modes. I feel like a good balance is a 'snooze button' or equivalent so that users can disable all/some features for a brief few minute period to do something they need to do, and then auto re-enable.

Winding up:

I'm excited to see how Android Advanced Protection plays with high risk users' experiences. I'm also super curious whether the spam/scam detection features may also be helpful to more vulnerable users (think: aging seniors)...

Niche but important:

Some users, esp. those that migrated to security & privacy-focused Android distros because of because of the absence of such a feature are clear candidates for it... But they may also voice privacy concerns around some of the screening features. Clear communication from the Google Security / Android team will be key here.

@ b83a28b7:35919450

This article was originally part of the sermon of Plebchain Radio Episode 111 (May 2, 2025) that nostr:nprofile1qyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnvv9hxgqpqtvqc82mv8cezhax5r34n4muc2c4pgjz8kaye2smj032nngg52clq7fgefr and I did with nostr:nprofile1qythwumn8ghj7ct5d3shxtnwdaehgu3wd3skuep0qyt8wumn8ghj7ct4w35zumn0wd68yvfwvdhk6tcqyzx4h2fv3n9r6hrnjtcrjw43t0g0cmmrgvjmg525rc8hexkxc0kd2rhtk62 and nostr:nprofile1qyxhwumn8ghj7mn0wvhxcmmvqyg8wumn8ghj7mn0wd68ytnvv9hxgqpq4wxtsrj7g2jugh70pfkzjln43vgn4p7655pgky9j9w9d75u465pqahkzd0 of the nostr:nprofile1qythwumn8ghj7ct5d3shxtnwdaehgu3wd3skuep0qyt8wumn8ghj7etyv4hzumn0wd68ytnvv9hxgtcqyqwfvwrccp4j2xsuuvkwg0y6a20637t6f4cc5zzjkx030dkztt7t5hydajn

Listen to the full episode here:

<<https://fountain.fm/episode/Ln9Ej0zCZ5dEwfo8w2Ho>>

---

Bitcoin has always been a narrative revolution disguised as code. White paper, cypherpunk lore, pizza‑day legends - every block is a paragraph in the world’s most relentless epic. But code alone rarely converts the skeptic; it’s the camp‑fire myth that slips past the prefrontal cortex and shakes hands with the limbic system. People don’t adopt protocols first - they fall in love with protagonists.

Early adopters heard the white‑paper hymn, but most folks need characters first: a pizza‑day dreamer; a mother in a small country, crushed by the cost of remittance; a Warsaw street vendor swapping złoty for sats. When their arcs land, the brain releases a neurochemical OP_RETURN which says, “I belong in this plot.” That’s the sly roundabout orange pill: conviction smuggled inside catharsis.

That’s why, from 22–25 May in Warsaw’s Kinoteka, the Bitcoin Film Fest is loading its reels with rebellion. Each documentary, drama, and animated rabbit‑hole is a stealth wallet, zipping conviction straight into the feels of anyone still clasped within the cold claw of fiat. You come for the plot, you leave checking block heights.

---

Here's the clip of the sermon from the episode:

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpwp69zm7fewjp0vkp306adnzt7249ytxhz7mq3w5yc629u6er9zsqqsy43fwz8es2wnn65rh0udc05tumdnx5xagvzd88ptncspmesdqhygcrvpf2

@ 85fb39c4:81498307

It's my first post

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

O que é Cwtch? Cwtch (/kʊtʃ/ - uma palavra galesa que pode ser traduzida aproximadamente como “um abraço que cria um lugar seguro”) é um protocolo de mensagens multipartidário descentralizado, que preserva a privacidade, que pode ser usado para construir aplicativos resistentes a metadados.

Como posso pronunciar Cwtch? Como "kutch", para rimar com "butch".

Descentralizado e Aberto : Não existe “serviço Cwtch” ou “rede Cwtch”. Os participantes do Cwtch podem hospedar seus próprios espaços seguros ou emprestar sua infraestrutura para outras pessoas que buscam um espaço seguro. O protocolo Cwtch é aberto e qualquer pessoa é livre para criar bots, serviços e interfaces de usuário e integrar e interagir com o Cwtch.

Preservação de privacidade : toda a comunicação no Cwtch é criptografada de ponta a ponta e ocorre nos serviços cebola Tor v3.

Resistente a metadados : O Cwtch foi projetado de forma que nenhuma informação seja trocada ou disponibilizada a ninguém sem seu consentimento explícito, incluindo mensagens durante a transmissão e metadados de protocolo

Uma breve história do bate-papo resistente a metadados Nos últimos anos, a conscientização pública sobre a necessidade e os benefícios das soluções criptografadas de ponta a ponta aumentou com aplicativos como Signal , Whatsapp e Wire. que agora fornecem aos usuários comunicações seguras.

No entanto, essas ferramentas exigem vários níveis de exposição de metadados para funcionar, e muitos desses metadados podem ser usados ​​para obter detalhes sobre como e por que uma pessoa está usando uma ferramenta para se comunicar.

Uma ferramenta que buscou reduzir metadados é o Ricochet lançado pela primeira vez em 2014. Ricochet usou os serviços cebola Tor v2 para fornecer comunicação criptografada segura de ponta a ponta e para proteger os metadados das comunicações.

Não havia servidores centralizados que auxiliassem no roteamento das conversas do Ricochet. Ninguém além das partes envolvidas em uma conversa poderia saber que tal conversa está ocorrendo.

Ricochet tinha limitações; não havia suporte para vários dispositivos, nem existe um mecanismo para suportar a comunicação em grupo ou para um usuário enviar mensagens enquanto um contato está offline.

Isto tornou a adoção do Ricochet uma proposta difícil; mesmo aqueles em ambientes que seriam melhor atendidos pela resistência aos metadados, sem saber que ela existe.

Além disso, qualquer solução para comunicação descentralizada e resistente a metadados enfrenta problemas fundamentais quando se trata de eficiência, privacidade e segurança de grupo conforme definido pelo consenso e consistência da transcrição.

Alternativas modernas ao Ricochet incluem Briar , Zbay e Ricochet Refresh - cada ferramenta procura otimizar para um conjunto diferente de compensações, por exemplo, Briar procura permitir que as pessoas se comuniquem mesmo quando a infraestrutura de rede subjacente está inoperante, ao mesmo tempo que fornece resistência à vigilância de metadados.

O projeto Cwtch começou em 2017 como um protocolo de extensão para Ricochet, fornecendo conversas em grupo por meio de servidores não confiáveis, com o objetivo de permitir aplicativos descentralizados e resistentes a metadados como listas compartilhadas e quadros de avisos.

Uma versão alfa do Cwtch foi lançada em fevereiro de 2019 e, desde então, a equipe do Cwtch dirigida pela OPEN PRIVACY RESEARCH SOCIETY conduziu pesquisa e desenvolvimento em cwtch e nos protocolos, bibliotecas e espaços de problemas subjacentes.

Modelo de Risco.

Sabe-se que os metadados de comunicações são explorados por vários adversários para minar a segurança dos sistemas, para rastrear vítimas e para realizar análises de redes sociais em grande escala para alimentar a vigilância em massa. As ferramentas resistentes a metadados estão em sua infância e faltam pesquisas sobre a construção e a experiência do usuário de tais ferramentas.

https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_9475702740746681051707662826.webp

O Cwtch foi originalmente concebido como uma extensão do protocolo Ricochet resistente a metadados para suportar comunicações assíncronas de grupos multiponto por meio do uso de infraestrutura anônima, descartável e não confiável.

Desde então, o Cwtch evoluiu para um protocolo próprio. Esta seção descreverá os vários riscos conhecidos que o Cwtch tenta mitigar e será fortemente referenciado no restante do documento ao discutir os vários subcomponentes da Arquitetura Cwtch.

Modelo de ameaça.

É importante identificar e compreender que os metadados são omnipresentes nos protocolos de comunicação; é de facto necessário que tais protocolos funcionem de forma eficiente e em escala. No entanto, as informações que são úteis para facilitar peers e servidores também são altamente relevantes para adversários que desejam explorar tais informações.

Para a definição do nosso problema, assumiremos que o conteúdo de uma comunicação é criptografado de tal forma que um adversário é praticamente incapaz de quebrá-lo veja tapir e cwtch para detalhes sobre a criptografia que usamos, e como tal nos concentraremos em o contexto para os metadados de comunicação.

Procuramos proteger os seguintes contextos de comunicação:

• Quem está envolvido em uma comunicação? Pode ser possível identificar pessoas ou simplesmente identificadores de dispositivos ou redes. Por exemplo, “esta comunicação envolve Alice, uma jornalista, e Bob, um funcionário público”.

• Onde estão os participantes da conversa? Por exemplo, “durante esta comunicação, Alice estava na França e Bob estava no Canadá”.

• Quando ocorreu uma conversa? O momento e a duração da comunicação podem revelar muito sobre a natureza de uma chamada, por exemplo, “Bob, um funcionário público, conversou com Alice ao telefone por uma hora ontem à noite. Esta é a primeira vez que eles se comunicam.” *Como a conversa foi mediada? O fato de uma conversa ter ocorrido por meio de um e-mail criptografado ou não criptografado pode fornecer informações úteis. Por exemplo, “Alice enviou um e-mail criptografado para Bob ontem, enquanto eles normalmente enviam apenas e-mails de texto simples um para o outro”.

• Sobre o que é a conversa? Mesmo que o conteúdo da comunicação seja criptografado, às vezes é possível derivar um contexto provável de uma conversa sem saber exatamente o que é dito, por exemplo, “uma pessoa ligou para uma pizzaria na hora do jantar” ou “alguém ligou para um número conhecido de linha direta de suicídio na hora do jantar”. 3 horas da manhã."

Além das conversas individuais, também procuramos defender-nos contra ataques de correlação de contexto, através dos quais múltiplas conversas são analisadas para obter informações de nível superior:

• Relacionamentos: Descobrir relações sociais entre um par de entidades analisando a frequência e a duração de suas comunicações durante um período de tempo. Por exemplo, Carol e Eve ligam uma para a outra todos os dias durante várias horas seguidas.

• Cliques: Descobrir relações sociais entre um grupo de entidades que interagem entre si. Por exemplo, Alice, Bob e Eva se comunicam entre si.

• Grupos vagamente conectados e indivíduos-ponte: descobrir grupos que se comunicam entre si através de intermediários, analisando cadeias de comunicação (por exemplo, toda vez que Alice fala com Bob, ela fala com Carol quase imediatamente depois; Bob e Carol nunca se comunicam).

• Padrão de Vida: Descobrir quais comunicações são cíclicas e previsíveis. Por exemplo, Alice liga para Eve toda segunda-feira à noite por cerca de uma hora. Ataques Ativos

Ataques de deturpação.

O Cwtch não fornece registro global de nomes de exibição e, como tal, as pessoas que usam o Cwtch são mais vulneráveis ​​a ataques baseados em declarações falsas, ou seja, pessoas que fingem ser outras pessoas:

O fluxo básico de um desses ataques é o seguinte, embora também existam outros fluxos:

•Alice tem um amigo chamado Bob e outro chamado Eve

• Eve descobre que Alice tem um amigo chamado Bob

• Eve cria milhares de novas contas para encontrar uma que tenha uma imagem/chave pública semelhante à de Bob (não será idêntica, mas pode enganar alguém por alguns minutos)

• Eve chama essa nova conta de "Eve New Account" e adiciona Alice como amiga.

• Eve então muda seu nome em "Eve New Account" para "Bob"

• Alice envia mensagens destinadas a "Bob" para a conta falsa de Bob de Eve Como os ataques de declarações falsas são inerentemente uma questão de confiança e verificação, a única maneira absoluta de evitá-los é os usuários validarem absolutamente a chave pública. Obviamente, isso não é o ideal e, em muitos casos, simplesmente não acontecerá .

Como tal, pretendemos fornecer algumas dicas de experiência do usuário na interface do usuário para orientar as pessoas na tomada de decisões sobre confiar em contas e/ou distinguir contas que possam estar tentando se representar como outros usuários.

Uma nota sobre ataques físicos A Cwtch não considera ataques que exijam acesso físico (ou equivalente) à máquina do usuário como praticamente defensáveis. No entanto, no interesse de uma boa engenharia de segurança, ao longo deste documento ainda nos referiremos a ataques ou condições que exigem tal privilégio e indicaremos onde quaisquer mitigações que implementámos falharão.

Um perfil Cwtch.

Os usuários podem criar um ou mais perfis Cwtch. Cada perfil gera um par de chaves ed25519 aleatório compatível com Tor.

Além do material criptográfico, um perfil também contém uma lista de Contatos (outras chaves públicas do perfil Cwtch + dados associados sobre esse perfil, como apelido e (opcionalmente) mensagens históricas), uma lista de Grupos (contendo o material criptográfico do grupo, além de outros dados associados, como apelido do grupo e mensagens históricas).

Conversões entre duas partes: ponto a ponto

https://nostrcheck.me/media/public/nostrcheck.me_2186338207587396891707662879.webp

Para que duas partes participem de uma conversa ponto a ponto, ambas devem estar on-line, mas apenas uma precisa estar acessível por meio do serviço Onion. Por uma questão de clareza, muitas vezes rotulamos uma parte como “ponto de entrada” (aquele que hospeda o serviço cebola) e a outra parte como “ponto de saída” (aquele que se conecta ao serviço cebola).

Após a conexão, ambas as partes adotam um protocolo de autenticação que:

• Afirma que cada parte tem acesso à chave privada associada à sua identidade pública.

• Gera uma chave de sessão efêmera usada para criptografar todas as comunicações futuras durante a sessão.

Esta troca (documentada com mais detalhes no protocolo de autenticação ) é negável offline , ou seja, é possível para qualquer parte falsificar transcrições desta troca de protocolo após o fato e, como tal - após o fato - é impossível provar definitivamente que a troca aconteceu de forma alguma.

Após o protocolo de autenticação, as duas partes podem trocar mensagens livremente.

Conversas em Grupo e Comunicação Ponto a Servidor

Ao iniciar uma conversa em grupo, é gerada uma chave aleatória para o grupo, conhecida como Group Key. Todas as comunicações do grupo são criptografadas usando esta chave. Além disso, o criador do grupo escolhe um servidor Cwtch para hospedar o grupo. Um convite é gerado, incluindo o Group Key, o servidor do grupo e a chave do grupo, para ser enviado aos potenciais membros.

Para enviar uma mensagem ao grupo, um perfil se conecta ao servidor do grupo e criptografa a mensagem usando a Group Key, gerando também uma assinatura sobre o Group ID, o servidor do grupo e a mensagem. Para receber mensagens do grupo, um perfil se conecta ao servidor e baixa as mensagens, tentando descriptografá-las usando a Group Key e verificando a assinatura.

Detalhamento do Ecossistema de Componentes

O Cwtch é composto por várias bibliotecas de componentes menores, cada uma desempenhando um papel específico. Algumas dessas bibliotecas incluem:

• abertoprivacidade/conectividade: Abstração de rede ACN, atualmente suportando apenas Tor.
• cwtch.im/tapir: Biblioteca para construção de aplicativos p2p em sistemas de comunicação anônimos.
• cwtch.im/cwtch: Biblioteca principal para implementação do protocolo/sistema Cwtch.
• cwtch.im/libcwtch-go: Fornece ligações C para Cwtch para uso em implementações de UI.

TAPIR: Uma Visão Detalhada

Projetado para substituir os antigos canais de ricochete baseados em protobuf, o Tapir fornece uma estrutura para a construção de aplicativos anônimos.

Está dividido em várias camadas:

• Identidade - Um par de chaves ed25519, necessário para estabelecer um serviço cebola Tor v3 e usado para manter uma identidade criptográfica consistente para um par.

• Conexões – O protocolo de rede bruto que conecta dois pares. Até agora, as conexões são definidas apenas através do Tor v3 Onion Services.

• Aplicativos - As diversas lógicas que permitem um determinado fluxo de informações em uma conexão. Os exemplos incluem transcrições criptográficas compartilhadas, autenticação, proteção contra spam e serviços baseados em tokens. Os aplicativos fornecem recursos que podem ser referenciados por outros aplicativos para determinar se um determinado peer tem a capacidade de usar um determinado aplicativo hospedado.

• Pilhas de aplicativos - Um mecanismo para conectar mais de um aplicativo, por exemplo, a autenticação depende de uma transcrição criptográfica compartilhada e o aplicativo peer cwtch principal é baseado no aplicativo de autenticação.

Identidade.

Um par de chaves ed25519, necessário para estabelecer um serviço cebola Tor v3 e usado para manter uma identidade criptográfica consistente para um peer.

InitializeIdentity - de um par de chaves conhecido e persistente:i,I

InitializeEphemeralIdentity - de um par de chaves aleatório: ie,Ie

Aplicativos de transcrição.

Inicializa uma transcrição criptográfica baseada em Merlin que pode ser usada como base de protocolos baseados em compromisso de nível superior

O aplicativo de transcrição entrará em pânico se um aplicativo tentar substituir uma transcrição existente por uma nova (aplicando a regra de que uma sessão é baseada em uma e apenas uma transcrição).

Merlin é uma construção de transcrição baseada em STROBE para provas de conhecimento zero. Ele automatiza a transformação Fiat-Shamir, para que, usando Merlin, protocolos não interativos possam ser implementados como se fossem interativos.

Isto é significativamente mais fácil e menos sujeito a erros do que realizar a transformação manualmente e, além disso, também fornece suporte natural para:

• protocolos multi-round com fases alternadas de commit e desafio;

• separação natural de domínios, garantindo que os desafios estejam vinculados às afirmações a serem provadas;

• enquadramento automático de mensagens, evitando codificação ambígua de dados de compromisso;

• e composição do protocolo, usando uma transcrição comum para vários protocolos.

Finalmente, o Merlin também fornece um gerador de números aleatórios baseado em transcrição como defesa profunda contra ataques de entropia ruim (como reutilização de nonce ou preconceito em muitas provas). Este RNG fornece aleatoriedade sintética derivada de toda a transcrição pública, bem como dos dados da testemunha do provador e uma entrada auxiliar de um RNG externo.

Conectividade Cwtch faz uso do Tor Onion Services (v3) para todas as comunicações entre nós.

Fornecemos o pacote openprivacy/connectivity para gerenciar o daemon Tor e configurar e desmontar serviços cebola através do Tor.

Criptografia e armazenamento de perfil.

Os perfis são armazenados localmente no disco e criptografados usando uma chave derivada de uma senha conhecida pelo usuário (via pbkdf2).

Observe que, uma vez criptografado e armazenado em disco, a única maneira de recuperar um perfil é recuperando a senha - como tal, não é possível fornecer uma lista completa de perfis aos quais um usuário pode ter acesso até inserir uma senha.

Perfis não criptografados e a senha padrão Para lidar com perfis "não criptografados" (ou seja, que não exigem senha para serem abertos), atualmente criamos um perfil com uma senha codificada de fato .

Isso não é o ideal, preferiríamos confiar no material de chave fornecido pelo sistema operacional, de modo que o perfil fosse vinculado a um dispositivo específico, mas esses recursos são atualmente uma colcha de retalhos - também notamos, ao criar um perfil não criptografado, pessoas que usam Cwtch estão explicitamente optando pelo risco de que alguém com acesso ao sistema de arquivos possa descriptografar seu perfil.

Vulnerabilidades Relacionadas a Imagens e Entrada de Dados

Imagens Maliciosas

O Cwtch enfrenta desafios na renderização de imagens, com o Flutter utilizando Skia, embora o código subjacente não seja totalmente seguro para a memória.

Realizamos testes de fuzzing nos componentes Cwtch e encontramos um bug de travamento causado por um arquivo GIF malformado, levando a falhas no kernel. Para mitigar isso, adotamos a política de sempre habilitar cacheWidth e/ou cacheHeight máximo para widgets de imagem.

Identificamos o risco de imagens maliciosas serem renderizadas de forma diferente em diferentes plataformas, como evidenciado por um bug no analisador PNG da Apple.

Riscos de Entrada de Dados

Um risco significativo é a interceptação de conteúdo ou metadados por meio de um Input Method Editor (IME) em dispositivos móveis. Mesmo aplicativos IME padrão podem expor dados por meio de sincronização na nuvem, tradução online ou dicionários pessoais.

Implementamos medidas de mitigação, como enableIMEPersonalizedLearning: false no Cwtch 1.2, mas a solução completa requer ações em nível de sistema operacional e é um desafio contínuo para a segurança móvel.

Servidor Cwtch.

O objetivo do protocolo Cwtch é permitir a comunicação em grupo através de infraestrutura não confiável .

Ao contrário dos esquemas baseados em retransmissão, onde os grupos atribuem um líder, um conjunto de líderes ou um servidor confiável de terceiros para garantir que cada membro do grupo possa enviar e receber mensagens em tempo hábil (mesmo que os membros estejam offline) - infraestrutura não confiável tem o objetivo de realizar essas propriedades sem a suposição de confiança.

O artigo original do Cwtch definia um conjunto de propriedades que se esperava que os servidores Cwtch fornecessem:

• O Cwtch Server pode ser usado por vários grupos ou apenas um.

• Um servidor Cwtch, sem a colaboração de um membro do grupo, nunca deve aprender a identidade dos participantes de um grupo.

• Um servidor Cwtch nunca deve aprender o conteúdo de qualquer comunicação.

• Um servidor Cwtch nunca deve ser capaz de distinguir mensagens como pertencentes a um grupo específico. Observamos aqui que essas propriedades são um superconjunto dos objetivos de design das estruturas de Recuperação de Informações Privadas.

Melhorias na Eficiência e Segurança

Eficiência do Protocolo

Atualmente, apenas um protocolo conhecido, o PIR ingênuo, atende às propriedades desejadas para garantir a privacidade na comunicação do grupo Cwtch. Este método tem um impacto direto na eficiência da largura de banda, especialmente para usuários em dispositivos móveis. Em resposta a isso, estamos ativamente desenvolvendo novos protocolos que permitem negociar garantias de privacidade e eficiência de maneiras diversas.

Os servidores, no momento desta escrita, permitem o download completo de todas as mensagens armazenadas, bem como uma solicitação para baixar mensagens específicas a partir de uma determinada mensagem. Quando os pares ingressam em um grupo em um novo servidor, eles baixam todas as mensagens do servidor inicialmente e, posteriormente, apenas as mensagens novas.

Mitigação de Análise de Metadados

Essa abordagem permite uma análise moderada de metadados, pois o servidor pode enviar novas mensagens para cada perfil suspeito exclusivo e usar essas assinaturas de mensagens exclusivas para rastrear sessões ao longo do tempo. Essa preocupação é mitigada por dois fatores:

1. Os perfis podem atualizar suas conexões a qualquer momento, resultando em uma nova sessão do servidor.
2. Os perfis podem ser "ressincronizados" de um servidor a qualquer momento, resultando em uma nova chamada para baixar todas as mensagens. Isso é comumente usado para buscar mensagens antigas de um grupo.

Embora essas medidas imponham limites ao que o servidor pode inferir, ainda não podemos garantir resistência total aos metadados. Para soluções futuras para esse problema, consulte Niwl.

Proteção contra Pares Maliciosos

Os servidores enfrentam o risco de spam gerado por pares, representando uma ameaça significativa à eficácia do sistema Cwtch. Embora tenhamos implementado um mecanismo de proteção contra spam no protótipo do Cwtch, exigindo que os pares realizem alguma prova de trabalho especificada pelo servidor, reconhecemos que essa não é uma solução robusta na presença de um adversário determinado com recursos significativos.

Pacotes de Chaves

Os servidores Cwtch se identificam por meio de pacotes de chaves assinados, contendo uma lista de chaves necessárias para garantir a segurança e resistência aos metadados na comunicação do grupo Cwtch. Esses pacotes de chaves geralmente incluem três chaves: uma chave pública do serviço Tor v3 Onion para o Token Board, uma chave pública do Tor v3 Onion Service para o Token Service e uma chave pública do Privacy Pass.

Para verificar os pacotes de chaves, os perfis que os importam do servidor utilizam o algoritmo trust-on-first-use (TOFU), verificando a assinatura anexada e a existência de todos os tipos de chave. Se o perfil já tiver importado o pacote de chaves do servidor anteriormente, todas as chaves são consideradas iguais.

Configuração prévia do aplicativo para ativar o Relé do Cwtch.

No Android, a hospedagem de servidor não está habilitada, pois essa opção não está disponível devido às limitações dos dispositivos Android. Essa funcionalidade está reservada apenas para servidores hospedados em desktops.

No Android, a única forma direta de importar uma chave de servidor é através do grupo de teste Cwtch, garantindo assim acesso ao servidor Cwtch.

Primeiro passo é Habilitar a opção de grupo no Cwtch que está em fase de testes. Clique na opção no canto superior direito da tela de configuração e pressione o botão para acessar as configurações do Cwtch.

Você pode alterar o idioma para Português do Brasil.Depois, role para baixo e selecione a opção para ativar os experimentos. Em seguida, ative a opção para habilitar o chat em grupo e a pré-visualização de imagens e fotos de perfil, permitindo que você troque sua foto de perfil.

https://pomf2.lain.la/f/eprhj0u3.mp4

Próximo passo é Criar um perfil.

Pressione o + botão de ação no canto inferior direito e selecione "Novo perfil" ou aberta no botão + adicionar novo perfil.

• Selecione um nome de exibição

• Selecione se deseja proteger

este perfil e salvo localmente com criptografia forte: Senha: sua conta está protegida de outras pessoas que possam usar este dispositivo

Sem senha: qualquer pessoa que tenha acesso a este dispositivo poderá acessar este perfil.

Preencha sua senha e digite-a novamente

Os perfis são armazenados localmente no disco e criptografados usando uma chave derivada de uma senha conhecida pelo usuário (via pbkdf2).

Observe que, uma vez criptografado e armazenado em disco, a única maneira de recuperar um perfil é recuperando a chave da senha - como tal, não é possível fornecer uma lista completa de perfis aos quais um usuário pode ter acesso até inserir um senha.

https://pomf2.lain.la/f/7p6jfr9r.mp4

O próximo passo é adicionar o FuzzBot, que é um bot de testes e de desenvolvimento.

Contato do FuzzBot: 4y2hxlxqzautabituedksnh2ulcgm2coqbure6wvfpg4gi2ci25ta5ad.

Ao enviar o comando "testgroup-invite" para o FuzzBot, você receberá um convite para entrar no Grupo Cwtch Test. Ao ingressar no grupo, você será automaticamente conectado ao servidor Cwtch. Você pode optar por sair do grupo a qualquer momento ou ficar para conversar e tirar dúvidas sobre o aplicativo e outros assuntos. Depois, você pode configurar seu próprio servidor Cwtch, o que é altamente recomendável. https://pomf2.lain.la/f/x4pm8hm8.mp4

Agora você pode utilizar o aplicativo normalmente. Algumas observações que notei: se houver demora na conexão com outra pessoa, ambas devem estar online. Se ainda assim a conexão não for estabelecida, basta clicar no ícone de reset do Tor para restabelecer a conexão com a outra pessoa.

Uma introdução aos perfis Cwtch.

Com Cwtch você pode criar um ou mais perfis . Cada perfil gera um par de chaves ed25519 aleatório compatível com a Rede Tor.

Este é o identificador que você pode fornecer às pessoas e que elas podem usar para entrar em contato com você via Cwtch.

Cwtch permite criar e gerenciar vários perfis separados. Cada perfil está associado a um par de chaves diferente que inicia um serviço cebola diferente.

Gerenciar Na inicialização, o Cwtch abrirá a tela Gerenciar Perfis. Nessa tela você pode:

• Crie um novo perfil.
• Desbloquear perfis.
• Criptografados existentes.
• Gerenciar perfis carregados.
• Alterando o nome de exibição de um perfil.
• Alterando a senha de um perfil Excluindo um perfil.
• Alterando uma imagem de perfil.

Backup ou exportação de um perfil.

Na tela de gerenciamento de perfil:

1. Selecione o lápis ao lado do perfil que você deseja editar

2. Role para baixo até a parte inferior da tela.

3. Selecione "Exportar perfil"

4. Escolha um local e um nome de arquivo.

5.confirme.

Uma vez confirmado, o Cwtch colocará uma cópia do perfil no local indicado. Este arquivo é criptografado no mesmo nível do perfil.

Este arquivo pode ser importado para outra instância do Cwtch em qualquer dispositivo.

Importando um perfil.

1. Pressione o +botão de ação no canto inferior direito e selecione "Importar perfil"

2. Selecione um arquivo de perfil Cwtch exportado para importar

3. Digite a senha associada ao perfil e confirme.

Uma vez confirmado, o Cwtch tentará descriptografar o arquivo fornecido usando uma chave derivada da senha fornecida. Se for bem-sucedido, o perfil aparecerá na tela Gerenciamento de perfil e estará pronto para uso.

OBSERVAÇÃO Embora um perfil possa ser importado para vários dispositivos, atualmente apenas uma versão de um perfil pode ser usada em todos os dispositivos ao mesmo tempo. As tentativas de usar o mesmo perfil em vários dispositivos podem resultar em problemas de disponibilidade e falhas de mensagens.

Qual é a diferença entre uma conexão ponto a ponto e um grupo cwtch?

As conexões ponto a ponto Cwtch permitem que 2 pessoas troquem mensagens diretamente. As conexões ponto a ponto nos bastidores usam serviços cebola Tor v3 para fornecer uma conexão criptografada e resistente a metadados. Devido a esta conexão direta, ambas as partes precisam estar online ao mesmo tempo para trocar mensagens.

Os Grupos Cwtch permitem que várias partes participem de uma única conversa usando um servidor não confiável (que pode ser fornecido por terceiros ou auto-hospedado). Os operadores de servidores não conseguem saber quantas pessoas estão em um grupo ou o que está sendo discutido. Se vários grupos estiverem hospedados em um único servidor, o servidor não conseguirá saber quais mensagens pertencem a qual grupo sem a conivência de um membro do grupo. Ao contrário das conversas entre pares, as conversas em grupo podem ser conduzidas de forma assíncrona, para que todos num grupo não precisem estar online ao mesmo tempo.

Por que os grupos cwtch são experimentais? Mensagens em grupo resistentes a metadados ainda são um problema em aberto . Embora a versão que fornecemos no Cwtch Beta seja projetada para ser segura e com metadados privados, ela é bastante ineficiente e pode ser mal utilizada. Como tal, aconselhamos cautela ao usá-lo e apenas o fornecemos como um recurso opcional.

Como posso executar meu próprio servidor Cwtch? A implementação de referência para um servidor Cwtch é de código aberto . Qualquer pessoa pode executar um servidor Cwtch, e qualquer pessoa com uma cópia do pacote de chaves públicas do servidor pode hospedar grupos nesse servidor sem que o operador tenha acesso aos metadados relacionados ao grupo .

https://git.openprivacy.ca/cwtch.im/server

https://docs.openprivacy.ca/cwtch-security-handbook/server.html

Como posso desligar o Cwtch? O painel frontal do aplicativo possui um ícone do botão "Shutdown Cwtch" (com um 'X'). Pressionar este botão irá acionar uma caixa de diálogo e, na confirmação, o Cwtch será desligado e todos os perfis serão descarregados.

Suas doações podem fazer a diferença no projeto Cwtch? O Cwtch é um projeto dedicado a construir aplicativos que preservam a privacidade, oferecendo comunicação de grupo resistente a metadados. Além disso, o projeto também desenvolve o Cofre, formulários da web criptografados para ajudar mútua segura. Suas contribuições apoiam iniciativas importantes, como a divulgação de violações de dados médicos em Vancouver e pesquisas sobre a segurança do voto eletrônico na Suíça. Ao doar, você está ajudando a fechar o ciclo, trabalhando com comunidades marginalizadas para identificar e corrigir lacunas de privacidade. Além disso, o projeto trabalha em soluções inovadoras, como a quebra de segredos através da criptografia de limite para proteger sua privacidade durante passagens de fronteira. E também tem a infraestrutura: toda nossa infraestrutura é open source e sem fins lucrativos. Conheça também o Fuzzytags, uma estrutura criptográfica probabilística para marcação resistente a metadados. Sua doação é crucial para continuar o trabalho em prol da privacidade e segurança online. Contribua agora com sua doação

https://openprivacy.ca/donate/

onde você pode fazer sua doação em bitcoin e outras moedas, e saiba mais sobre os projetos. https://openprivacy.ca/work/

Link sobre Cwtch

https://cwtch.im/

https://git.openprivacy.ca/cwtch.im/cwtch

https://docs.cwtch.im/docs/intro

https://docs.openprivacy.ca/cwtch-security-handbook/

Baixar #CwtchDev

cwtch.im/download/

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=im.cwtch.flwtch

@ d41bf82f:ed90d888

“ประเด็นแท้จริงคือเรื่องของการควบคุม—อินเทอร์เน็ตแพร่ขยายกว้างไกลเกินกว่าที่รัฐบาลใดจะครอบงำได้โดยง่าย ด้วยการสร้างเขตเศรษฐกิจระดับโลกที่ไร้รอยต่อ ไม่ขึ้นต่ออธิปไตย และอยู่นอกเหนือการควบคุม อินเทอร์เน็ตจึงตั้งคำถามต่อแนวคิดของรัฐชาติในตัวมันเอง” — JOHN PERRY BARLOW

บทนี้เริ่มต้นด้วยการวิพากษ์แนวคิด ทางด่วนข้อมูล ว่าเป็นคำอุปมาอุปมัยที่ยังยึดติดกับโลกยุคอุตสาหกรรม เพราะเศรษฐกิจยุคสารสนเทศไม่ใช่แค่โครงสร้างพื้นฐานสำหรับขนส่งข้อมูล แต่คือ จุดหมายปลายทาง ใหม่ในตัวเอง นั่นคือ ไซเบอร์สเปซ —ดินแดนที่ก้าวข้ามขอบเขตทางภูมิศาสตร์โดยสิ้นเชิง

ไซเบอร์สเปซคือพื้นที่ใหม่ของปฏิสัมพันธ์ทางสังคม เศรษฐกิจ และการเมือง ซึ่งไม่สามารถควบคุมโดยรัฐชาติแบบเดิมได้อีกต่อไป ผู้เขียนยกคำของ John Perry Barlow ที่เปรียบไซเบอร์สเปซเป็น “ดินแดนแห่งเสรีภาพ” ที่ไม่ยึดโยงกับสถานที่จริง และเปิดโอกาสให้ทุกคนแสดงความคิดเห็นได้อย่างไร้การควบคุม

การเปลี่ยนผ่านนี้ส่งผลกระทบรุนแรงต่อโครงสร้างของเศรษฐกิจแบบเดิม การเข้าถึงข้อมูลอย่างรวดเร็วแบบไร้ขอบเขตเปรียบเสมือนตัวทำละลายที่กัดกร่อนต้นทุนของสถาบันขนาดใหญ่ ทั้งภาครัฐและเอกชน ไมโครโพรเซสซิงจะเปลี่ยนรูปแบบขององค์กรและแนวคิดเรื่องสถานที่ในทางเศรษฐกิจอย่างสิ้นเชิง

ตลอดประวัติศาสตร์ เศรษฐกิจผูกติดกับพื้นที่ทางภูมิศาสตร์ การเดินทางเป็นเรื่องยากและจำกัด การค้าขายส่วนใหญ่เกิดในระดับท้องถิ่น ภาษา วัฒนธรรม และภูมิประเทศเป็นอุปสรรคทางการเมืองเสมอ จนถึงกับที่ผู้เขียนกล่าวว่า การเมืองทั้งหมดเป็นเรื่องท้องถิ่น

แต่เทคโนโลยีสมัยใหม่กำลังเปลี่ยนสมการนี้ การสื่อสารและขนส่งที่รวดเร็วทำให้ผู้มีความสามารถสามารถเลือกสถานที่อยู่อาศัยหรือทำงานได้อย่างเสรี ลดอำนาจต่อรองของรัฐบาลในพื้นที่นั้นลง เพราะคนสามารถ “หนี” ได้ง่ายขึ้น หากรัฐบาลกดขี่หรือรีดไถ

แม้อินเทอร์เน็ตยุคแรกจะดูธรรมดา เช่น ใช้อ่านบทความหรือสั่งซื้อสินค้า แต่ศักยภาพที่แท้จริงของเศรษฐกิจไซเบอร์นั้นยิ่งใหญ่มาก ผู้เขียนเสนอว่ามันจะพัฒนาเป็นสามขั้น: 1. ขั้นพื้นฐาน: อินเทอร์เน็ตเป็นเพียงช่องทางเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพธุรกิจแบบเดิม (เช่น เว็บขายสินค้าขายของออนไลน์ เช่น อเมซอน) 2. ขั้นพัฒนา: การเกิดขึ้นของเงินดิจิทัลที่เข้ารหัสและไม่สามารถติดตามได้ จะปลดปล่อยธุรกรรมจากการควบคุมและการจัดเก็บภาษีของรัฐ 3. ขั้นก้าวหน้า: ไซเบอร์สเปซจะมีระบบเศรษฐกิจ กฎหมาย และกลไกคุ้มครองของตัวเอง ปราศจากการควบคุมจากรัฐบาลใด ๆ

ในโลกใหม่นี้ Sovereign Individual หรือ “ปัจเจกผู้มีอธิปไตย” จะสามารถสร้างความมั่งคั่งและดำเนินกิจกรรมในไซเบอร์สเปซได้อย่างเป็นอิสระ โดยไม่ต้องอิงรัฐชาติ รัฐจึงจะถูกบีบให้ลดขนาดและเปลี่ยนบทบาทจากผู้ใช้อำนาจกลายเป็นผู้ให้บริการที่ต้องแข่งขันเพื่อความพึงพอใจของพลเมือง

สามารถไปติดตามเนื้อหาแบบ short vdo ที่สรุปประเด็นสำคัญจากแต่ละบท พร้อมกราฟิกและคำอธิบายกระชับ เข้าใจง่าย ได้ที่ TikTok ช่อง https://www.tiktok.com/@moneyment1971

@ c631e267:c2b78d3e

Die zwei mächtigsten Krieger sind Geduld und Zeit. \ Leo Tolstoi

Zum Wohle unserer Gesundheit, unserer Leistungsfähigkeit und letztlich unseres Glücks ist es wichtig, die eigene Energie bewusst zu pflegen. Das gilt umso mehr für an gesellschaftlichen Themen interessierte, selbstbewusste und kritisch denkende Menschen. Denn für deren Wahrnehmung und Wohlbefinden waren und sind die rasanten, krisen- und propagandagefüllten letzten Jahre in Absurdistan eine harte Probe.

Nur wer regelmäßig Kraft tankt und Wege findet, mit den Herausforderungen umzugehen, kann eine solche Tortur überstehen, emotionale Erschöpfung vermeiden und trotz allem zufrieden sein. Dazu müssen wir erkunden, was uns Energie gibt und was sie uns raubt. Durch Selbstreflexion und Achtsamkeit finden wir sicher Dinge, die uns erfreuen und inspirieren, und andere, die uns eher stressen und belasten.

Die eigene Energie ist eng mit unserer körperlichen und mentalen Gesundheit verbunden. Methoden zur Förderung der körperlichen Gesundheit sind gut bekannt: eine ausgewogene Ernährung, regelmäßige Bewegung sowie ausreichend Schlaf und Erholung. Bei der nicht minder wichtigen emotionalen Balance wird es schon etwas komplizierter. Stress abzubauen, die eigenen Grenzen zu kennen oder solche zum Schutz zu setzen sowie die Konzentration auf Positives und Sinnvolles wären Ansätze.

Der emotionale ist auch der Bereich, über den «Energie-Räuber» bevorzugt attackieren. Das sind zum Beispiel Dinge wie Überforderung, Perfektionismus oder mangelhafte Kommunikation. Social Media gehören ganz sicher auch dazu. Sie stehlen uns nicht nur Zeit, sondern sind höchst manipulativ und erhöhen laut einer aktuellen Studie das Risiko für psychische Probleme wie Angstzustände und Depressionen.

Geben wir negativen oder gar bösen Menschen keine Macht über uns. Das Dauerfeuer der letzten Jahre mit Krisen, Konflikten und Gefahren sollte man zwar kennen, darf sich aber davon nicht runterziehen lassen. Das Ziel derartiger konzertierter Aktionen ist vor allem, unsere innere Stabilität zu zerstören, denn dann sind wir leichter zu steuern. Aber Geduld: Selbst vermeintliche «Sonnenköniginnen» wie EU-Kommissionspräsidentin von der Leyen fallen, wenn die Zeit reif ist.

Es ist wichtig, dass wir unsere ganz eigenen Bedürfnisse und Werte erkennen. Unsere Energiequellen müssen wir identifizieren und aktiv nutzen. Dazu gehören soziale Kontakte genauso wie zum Beispiel Hobbys und Leidenschaften. Umgeben wir uns mit Sinnhaftigkeit und lassen wir uns nicht die Energie rauben!

Mein Wahlspruch ist schon lange: «Was die Menschen wirklich bewegt, ist die Kultur.» Jetzt im Frühjahr beginnt hier in Andalusien die Zeit der «Ferias», jener traditionellen Volksfeste, die vor Lebensfreude sprudeln. Konzentrieren wir uns auf die schönen Dinge und auf unsere eigenen Talente – soziale Verbundenheit wird helfen, unsere innere Kraft zu stärken und zu bewahren.

[Titelbild: Pixabay]

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Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben und ist zuerst auf Transition News erschienen.

@ ecda4328:1278f072

An honest response to objections — and an answer to the most important question: why does any of this matter?

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\ Statement: Deflation is not the enemy, but a natural state in an age of technological progress.\ Criticism: in real macroeconomics, long-term deflation is linked to depressions.\ Deflation discourages borrowers and investors, and makes debt heavier.\ Natural ≠ Safe.

1. “Deflation → Depression, Debt → Heavier”

This is true in a debt-based system. Yes, in a fiat economy, debt balloons to the sky, and without inflation it collapses.

But Bitcoin offers not “deflation for its own sake,” but an environment where you don’t need to be in debt to survive. Where savings don’t melt away.\ Jeff Booth said it clearly:

“Technology is inherently deflationary. Fighting deflation with the printing press is fighting progress.”

You don’t have to take on credit to live in this system. Which means — deflation is not an enemy, but an ally.

💡 People often confuse two concepts:

1. That deflation doesn’t work in an economy built on credit and leverage — that’s true.

2. That deflation itself is bad — that’s a myth.

📉 In reality, deflation is the natural state of a free market when technology makes everything cheaper.

Historical example:\ In the U.S., from the Civil War to the early 1900s, the economy experienced gentle deflation — alongside economic growth, employment expansion, and industrial boom.\ Prices fell: for example, a sack of flour cost \~$1.00 in 1865 and \~$0.50 in 1895 — and there was no crisis, because wages held and productivity increased.

Modern example:\ Consumer electronics over the past 20–30 years are a vivid example of technological deflation:\ – What cost $5,000 in 2000 (e.g., a 720p plasma TV) now costs $300 and delivers 10× better quality.\ – Phones, computers, cameras — all became far more powerful and cheaper at the same time.\ That’s how tech-driven deflation works: you get more for less.

📌 Bitcoin doesn’t make the world deflationary. It just doesn’t fight against deflation, unlike the fiat model that fights to preserve its debt pyramid.\ It stops punishing savers and rewards long-term thinkers.

Even economists often confuse organic tech deflation with crisis-driven (debt) deflation.

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\ \ Statement: We’ve never lived in a truly free market — central banks and issuance always existed.\ Criticism: ideological statement.\ A truly “free” market is utopian.\ Banks and monetary issuance emerged in response to crises.\ A market without arbiters is not always fair, especially under imperfect competition.

2. “The Free Market Is a Utopia”

Yes, “pure markets” are rare. But what we have today isn’t regulation — it’s centralized power in the hands of central banks and cartels.

Bitcoin offers rules without rulers. 21 million. No one can change the issuance. It’s not ideology — it’s code instead of trust. And it has worked for 15 years.

---

\ \ Statement: Inflation is an invisible tax, especially on the poor and working class.\ Criticism: partly true: inflation can reduce debt burden, boost employment.\ The state indexes social benefits. Under stable inflation, compensators can work. Under deflation, things might be worse (mass layoffs, defaults).

3. “Inflation Can Help”

Theoretically — yes. Textbooks say moderate inflation can reduce debt burdens and stimulate consumption and jobs.\ But in practice — it works as a stealth tax, especially on those without assets. The wealthy escape — into real estate, stocks, funds.\ But the poor and working class lose purchasing power because their money is held in cash — and cash devalues.

💬 As Lyn Alden says:

“When your money can’t hold value, you’re forced to become an investor — even if you just want to save and live.”

The state may index pensions or benefits — but always with a lag, and always less than actual price increases.\ If bread rises 15% and your payment increase is 5%, you got poorer, even if the number on paper went up.

💥 We live in an inflationary system of everything:\ – Inflationary money\ – Inflationary products\ – Inflationary content\ – And now even inflationary minds

🧠 This is more than just rising prices — it’s a degradation of reality perception. You’re always rushing, everything loses meaning.\ But when did the system start working against you?

📉 What went wrong after 1971?

This chart shows that from 1948 to the early 1970s, productivity and wages grew together.\ But after the end of the gold standard in 1971 — the connection broke. Productivity kept rising, but real wages stalled.

👉 This means: you work more, better, faster — but buy less.

🔗 Source: wtfhappenedin1971.com

When you must spend today because tomorrow it’ll be worth less — that’s rewarding impulse and punishing long-term thinking.

Bitcoin offers a different environment:\ – Savings work\ – Long-term thinking is rewarded\ – The price of the future is calculated, not forced by a printing press

📌 Inflation can be a tool. But in government hands, it became a weapon — a slow, inevitable upward redistribution of wealth.

Indexing is weak compensation if bread is up 15% and your “increase” is only 5%.

---

\ \ Statement: War is not growth, but a reallocation of resources into destruction.

Criticism: war can spur technological leaps (Internet, GPS, nuclear energy — all from military programs). "Military Keynesianism" was a real model.

4. “War Drives R&D”

Yes, wars sometimes give rise to tech spin-offs: Internet, GPS, nuclear power — all originated from military programs.

But that doesn’t make war a source of progress — it makes tech a byproduct of catastrophe.

“War reallocates resources toward destruction — not growth.”

Progress doesn’t happen because of war — it happens despite it.

If scientific breakthroughs require a million dead and burnt cities — maybe you’ve built your economy wrong.

💬 Even Michael Saylor said:

“If you need war to develop technology — you’ve built civilization wrong.”

No innovation justifies diverting human labor, minds, and resources toward destruction.\ War is always the opposite of efficiency — more is wasted than created.

🧠 Bitcoin, on the other hand, is an example of how real R&D happens without violence.\ No taxes. No army. Just math, voluntary participation, and open-source code.

📌 Military Keynesianism is not a model of progress — it’s a symptom of a sick monetary system that needs destruction to reboot.

Bitcoin shows that coordination without violence is possible.\ This is R&D of a new kind: based not on destruction, but digital creation.

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Statement: Bitcoin isn’t “Gold 1.0,” but an improved version: divisible, verifiable, unseizable.

Criticism: Bitcoin has no physical value; "unseizability" is a theory;\ Gold is material and autonomous.

5. “Bitcoin Has No Physical Value”

And gold does? Just because it shines?

Physical form is no guarantee of value.\ Real value lies in: scarcity, reliable transfer, verifiability, and non-confiscatability.

Gold is:\ – Hard to divide\ – Hard to verify\ – Expensive to store\ – Easy to seize

💡 Bitcoin is the first store of value in history that is fully free from physical limitations, and yet:\ – Absolutely scarce (21M, forever)\ – Instantly transferable over the Internet\ – Cryptographically verifiable\ – Controlled by no government

🔑 Bitcoin’s value lies in its liberation from the physical.\ It doesn’t need to be “backed” by gold or oil. It’s backed by energy, mathematics, and ongoing verification.

“Price is what you pay, value is what you get.” — Warren Buffett

When you buy bitcoin, you’re not paying for a “token” — you’re gaining access to a network of distributed financial energy.

⚡️ What are you really getting when you own bitcoin?\ – A key to a digital asset that can’t be faked\ – The ability to send “crystallized energy” anywhere on Earth\ – A role in a new accounting system that runs 24/7/365\ – Freedom: from banks, borders, inflation, and force

📉 Bitcoin doesn’t require physical value — because it creates value:\ Through trust, scarcity, and energy invested in mining.\ And unlike gold, it was never associated with slavery.

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Statement: There’s no “income without risk” in Bitcoin: just hold — you preserve; want more — invest, risk, build.

Criticism: contradicts HODL logic; speculation remains dominant behavior.

6. “Speculation Dominates”

For now — yes. That’s normal for the early phase of a new technology. Awareness doesn’t come instantly.

What matters is not the motive of today’s buyer — but what they’re buying.

📉 A speculator may come and go — but the asset remains.\ And this asset is the only one in history that will never exist again. 21 million. Forever.

📌 Look deeper. Bitcoin has:\ – No CEO\ – No central issuer\ – No inflation\ – No “off switch”

💡 It’s not a stock. Not a startup. Not someone’s project.\ It’s a new foundation for trust.\ It’s opting out of a system where freedom is a privilege you’re granted under conditions.

🧠 People say: “Bitcoin can be copied.”\ Theoretically — yes.\ Practically — never.

Here’s what you’d need to recreate Bitcoin:\ – No pre-mine\ – A founder who disappears and never sells\ – No foundation or corporation\ – Tens of thousands of nodes worldwide\ – 701 million terahashes of hash power\ – Thousands of devs writing open protocols\ – Hundreds of global conferences\ – Millions of people defending digital sovereignty\ – All that without a single marketing budget

That’s all.

🔁 Everything else is an imitation, not a creation.\ Just like you can’t “reinvent fire” — Bitcoin can only exist once.

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Statements:\ The Russia's '90s weren’t a free market — just anarchic chaos without rights protection.*\ Unlike fiat or even dollars, Bitcoin is the first asset with real defense — from governments, inflation, even thugs.\ And yes, even if your barber asks about Bitcoin — maybe it's not a bubble, but a sign that inflation has already hit everyone.

Criticism: Bitcoin’s protection isn’t universal — it works only with proper handling and isn’t available to all.\ Some just want to “get rich.”\ None of this matters because:

1. Bitcoin’s volatility (-30% in a week, +50% in a month) makes it unusable for price planning or contracts.

2. It can’t handle mass-scale usage.

3. To become currency, geopolitical will is needed — and without the first two, don’t even talk about the third.\ Also: “Bitcoin is too complicated for the average person.”

7. “It’s Too Complex for the Masses”

It’s complex — if you’re using L1 (Layer 1). But even grandmas use Telegram. In El Salvador, schoolkids buy lunch with Lightning. My barber installed Wallet of Satoshi in minutes right in front of me — and I now pay for my haircut via Lightning.

UX is just a matter of time. And it’s improving. Emerging tools:\ Cashu, Fedimint, Fedi, Wallet of Satoshi, Phoenix, Proton Wallet, Swiss Bitcoin Pay, Bolt Card / CoinCorner (NFC cards for Lightning payments).

This is like the internet in 1995:\ It started with modems — now it’s 4K streaming.

---

8. “Can’t Handle the Load”

A common myth.\ Yes, Bitcoin L1 processes about 7 transactions per second — intentionally. It’s not built to be Visa. It’s a financial protocol, just like TCP/IP is a network protocol. TCP/IP isn’t “fast” or “slow” — the experience depends on the infrastructure built on top: servers, routers, hardware. In the ’90s, it delivered text. Today, it streams Netflix. The protocol didn’t change — the stack did.

Same with Bitcoin: L1 defines rules, security, finality.\ Scaling and speed? That’s the second layer’s job.

To understand scale:

| Network | TPS (Transactions/sec) | | --- | --- | | Visa | up to 24,000 | | Mastercard | \~5,000 | | PayPal | \~193 | | Litecoin | \~56 | | Ethereum | \~20 | | Bitcoin | \~7 |

\ ⚡️ Enter Lightning Network — Bitcoin’s “fast lane.”\ It allows millions of transactions per second, instantly and nearly free.

And it’s not a sidechain.

❗️ Lightning is not a separate network.\ It uses real Bitcoin transactions (2-of-2 multisig). You can close the channel to L1 at any time. It’s not an alternative — it’s a native extension built into Bitcoin.\ Also evolving: Ark, Fedimint, eCash — new ways to scale and add privacy.

📉 So criticizing Bitcoin for “slowness” is like blaming TCP/IP because your old modem won’t stream YouTube.\ The protocol isn’t the problem — it’s the infrastructure.

🛡️ And by the way: Visa crashes more often than Bitcoin.

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9. “We Need Geopolitical Will”

Not necessarily. All it takes is the will of the people — and leaders willing to act. El Salvador didn’t wait for G20 approval or IMF blessings. Since 2001, the country had used the US dollar as its official currency, abandoning its own colón. But that didn’t save it from inflation or dependency on foreign monetary policy. In 2021, El Salvador became the first country to recognize Bitcoin as legal tender. Since March 13, 2024, they’ve been purchasing 1 BTC daily, tracked through their public address:

🔗 Address\ 📅 First transaction

This policy became the foundation of their Strategic Bitcoin Reserve (SBR) — a state-led effort to accumulate Bitcoin as a national reserve asset for long-term stability and sovereignty.

Their example inspired others.

In March 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order creating the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve of the USA, to be funded through confiscated Bitcoin and digital assets.\ The idea: accumulate, don’t sell, and strategically expand the reserve — without extra burden on taxpayers.

Additionally, Senator Cynthia Lummis (Wyoming) proposed the BITCOIN Act, targeting the purchase of 1 million BTC over five years (\~5% of the total supply).\ The plan: fund it via revaluation of gold certificates and other budget-neutral strategies.

📚 More: Strategic Bitcoin Reserve — Wikipedia

👉 So no global consensus is required. No IMF greenlight.\ All it takes is conviction — and an understanding that the future of finance lies in decentralized, scarce assets like Bitcoin.

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10. “-30% in a week, +50% in a month = not money”

True — Bitcoin is volatile. But that’s normal for new technologies and emerging money. It’s not a bug — it’s a price discovery phase. The world is still learning what this asset is.

📉 Volatility is the price of entry.\ 📈 But the reward is buying the future at a discount.

As Michael Saylor put it:

“A tourist sees Niagara Falls as chaos — roaring, foaming, spraying water.\ An engineer sees immense energy.\ It all depends on your mental model.”

Same with Bitcoin. Speculators see chaos. Investors see structural scarcity. Builders see a new financial foundation.

💡 Now consider gold:

👉 After the U.S. abandoned the gold standard in 1971, gold surged from \~$35 to over $800 in a decade — while suffering wild -40% to -60% crashes along the way.\ \ 📈 Gold Price Chart — Macrotrends\ \ Nobody said, “This can’t be money.” \ Because money is defined not by volatility, but by scarcity, adoption, and trust — which build over time.

📊 The more people save in Bitcoin, the more its volatility fades.

This is a journey — not a fixed state.

We don’t judge the internet by how it worked in 1994.\ So why expect Bitcoin to be the “perfect currency” in 2025?

It grows bottom-up — without regulators’ permission.\ And the longer it survives, the stronger it becomes.

Remember how many times it’s been declared dead.\ And how many times it came back — stronger.

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📊 Gold vs. Bitcoin: Supply Comparison

This chart shows the key difference between the two hard assets:

🔹 Gold — supply keeps growing.\ Mining may be limited, but it’s still inflationary.\ Each year, there’s more — with no known cap: new mines, asteroid mining, recycling.

🔸 Bitcoin — capped at 21 million.\ The emission schedule is public, mathematically predictable, and ends completely around 2140.

🧠 Bottom line:\ Gold is good.\ Bitcoin is better — for predictability and scarcity.

💡 As Saifedean Ammous said:

“Gold was the best monetary good… until Bitcoin.”

While we argue — fiat erodes every day.

No matter your view on Bitcoin, just show me one other asset that is simultaneously:

– immune to devaluation by decree\ – impossible to print more of\ – impossible to confiscate by a centralized order\ – impossible to counterfeit\ – and, most importantly — transferable across borders without asking permission from a bank, a state, or a passport

💸 Try sending $10,000 through PayPal from Iran to Paraguay, or Bangladesh to Saint Lucia.\ Good luck. PayPal doesn't even work there.

Now open a laptop, type 12 words — and you have access to your savings anywhere on Earth.

🌍 Bitcoin doesn't ask for permission.\ It works for everyone, everywhere, all the time.

📌 There has never been anything like this before.

Bitcoin is the first asset in history that combines:

– digital nature\ – predictable scarcity\ – absolute portability\ – and immunity from tyranny

💡 As Michael Saylor said:

“Bitcoin is the first money in human history not created by bankers or politicians — but by engineers.”

You can own it with no bank.\ No intermediary.\ No passport.\ No approval.

That’s why Bitcoin isn’t just “internet money” or “crypto” or “digital gold.”\ It may not be perfect — but it’s incorruptible.\ And it’s not going away.\ It’s already here.\ It is the foundation of a new financial reality.

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🔒 This is not speculation. This is a peaceful financial revolution.\ 🪙 This is not a stock. It’s money — like the world has never seen.\ ⛓️ This is not a fad. It’s a freedom protocol.

And when even the barber starts asking about Bitcoin — it’s not a bubble.\ It’s a sign that the system is breaking.\ And people are looking for an exit.

For the first time — they have one.

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💼 This is not about investing. It’s about the dignity of work.

Imagine a man who cleans toilets at an airport every day.

Not a “prestigious” job.\ But a crucial one.\ Without him — filth, bacteria, disease.

He shows up on time. He works with his hands.

And his money? It devalues. Every day.

He doesn’t work less — often he works more than those in suits.\ But he can afford less and less — because in this system, honest labor loses value each year.

Now imagine he’s paid in Bitcoin.

Not in some “volatile coin,” but in hard money — with a limited supply.\ Money that can’t be printed, reversed, or devalued by central banks.

💡 Then he could:

– Stop rushing to spend, knowing his labor won’t be worth less tomorrow\ – Save for a dream — without fear of inflation eating it away\ – Feel that his time and effort are respected — because they retain value

Bitcoin gives anyone — engineer or janitor — a way out of the game rigged against them.\ A chance to finally build a future where savings are real.

This is economic justice.\ This is digital dignity.

📉 In fiat, you have to spend — or your money melts.\ 📈 In Bitcoin, you choose when to spend — because it’s up to you.

🧠 In a deflationary economy, both saving and spending are healthy:

You don’t scramble to survive — you choose to create.

🎯 That’s true freedom.

When even someone cleaning floors can live without fear —\ and know that their time doesn’t vanish... it turns into value.

@ da8b7de1:c0164aee

Németország feladja a nukleáris energiával szembeni ellenállását Franciaországgal való közeledés jegyében

Németország hosszú idő után feladta a nukleáris energiával szembeni ellenállását, ami jelentős lépést jelenthet az EU energiapolitikai vitáinak rendezésében, különösen Franciaországgal szemben. Ez a változás eltávolíthatja a nukleáris energiával szembeni előítéleteket az uniós jogszabályokból, és elősegítheti a közös európai energiapolitika kialakítását[2].

Trump adminisztráció tervezett rendeletei a nukleáris erőművek építésének gyorsítására

Az Egyesült Államokban a Trump-adminisztráció több elnöki rendelet-tervezetet készít elő, amelyek célja a nukleáris erőművek építésének gyorsítása. A tervek szerint a jelenlegi mintegy 100 GW nukleáris kapacitást 2050-re 400 GW-ra növelnék, az engedélyezési folyamatok egyszerűsítésével, a hadsereg szerepének növelésével és a nukleáris üzemanyag-ellátás megerősítésével[3][9].

Tajvan hivatalosan is nukleárismentes lett

1. május 17-én Tajvan utolsó kereskedelmi reaktorát is leállították, ezzel az ország elérte a "nukleárismentes haza" célját. Az energiamixben a nukleáris energia aránya 17%-ról 3%-ra csökkent, miközben a megújuló energia tízszeresére nőtt. Bár a parlamentben vita folyik a Maanshan atomerőmű élettartam-hosszabbításáról, jelenleg Tajvan teljesen leállította a nukleáris energiatermelést[1][6].

Kazatomprom hitelmegállapodást kötött egy új kénsavgyár finanszírozására

Kazahsztán állami atomipari vállalata, a Kazatomprom hitelmegállapodást kötött egy évi 800 000 tonna kapacitású kénsavgyár építésére. A kénsavat az uránkitermeléshez használják, és a gyár 2027 első negyedévében készülhet el. A projekt célja a régió gazdasági fejlődésének támogatása és az uránipar ellátásbiztonságának javítása[4].

Az IAEA segíti Kazahsztánt az első atomerőmű biztonságos helyszínének kiválasztásában

Az IAEA (Nemzetközi Atomenergia-ügynökség) szakértői csapata ötnapos szemináriumot tart Kazahsztánban, hogy segítsen kiválasztani az ország első atomerőművének legbiztonságosabb helyszínét. A folyamatban több helyszín is szóba került, jelenleg a Zhambyl körzet az elsődleges jelölt. A projektben négy lehetséges technológiai partner vesz részt: CNNC (Kína), Roszatom (Oroszország), KHNP (Dél-Korea) és EDF (Franciaország)[8].

India új nukleáris helyszínt hagyott jóvá

Az indiai nukleáris hatóság engedélyezte a Mahi Banswara Rajasthan Atomic Power Project négy blokkjának elhelyezését Rádzsasztán államban. Ez újabb lépés India ambiciózus nukleáris bővítési terveiben[5].

Globális nukleáris ipari konferencia Varsóban

1. május 20-21-én Varsóban rendezik meg az első World Nuclear Supply Chain Conference-t, amely célja a globális nukleáris ellátási lánc megerősítése és a szektor 2 billió dolláros beruházási lehetőségének kiaknázása a következő 15 évben. A konferencián iparági vezetők, döntéshozók és szakértők vesznek részt[7].

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Hivatkozások

• [1] reccessary.com – Tajvan nukleárismentes lett
• [2] nucnet.org – Németország nukleáris politikai fordulata
• [3] humanprogress.org – Trump rendelettervezetek
• [4] world-nuclear-news.org – Kazatomprom kénsavgyár
• [5] world-nuclear-news.org – India új nukleáris helyszíne
• [6] taiwannews.com.tw – Tajvan atomerőmű leállítása
• [7] world-nuclear.org – Varsói nukleáris konferencia
• [8] astanatimes.com – IAEA-Kazahsztán együttműködés
• [9] esgdive.com – Oklo és Trump engedélyezési reformok

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

Bitcoin has always been rooted in freedom and resistance to authority. I get that many of you are conflicted about the US Government stacking but by design we cannot stop anyone from using bitcoin. Many have asked me for my thoughts on the matter, so let’s rip it.

Concern

One of the most glaring issues with the strategic bitcoin reserve is its foundation, built on stolen bitcoin. For those of us who value private property this is an obvious betrayal of our core principles. Rather than proof of work, the bitcoin that seeds this reserve has been taken by force. The US Government should return the bitcoin stolen from Bitfinex and the Silk Road.

Using stolen bitcoin for the reserve creates a perverse incentive. If governments see bitcoin as a valuable asset, they will ramp up efforts to confiscate more bitcoin. The precedent is a major concern, and I stand strongly against it, but it should be also noted that governments were already seizing coin before the reserve so this is not really a change in policy.

Ideally all seized bitcoin should be burned, by law. This would align incentives properly and make it less likely for the government to actively increase coin seizures. Due to the truly scarce properties of bitcoin, all burned bitcoin helps existing holders through increased purchasing power regardless. This change would be unlikely but those of us in policy circles should push for it regardless. It would be best case scenario for American bitcoiners and would create a strong foundation for the next century of American leadership.

Optimism

The entire point of bitcoin is that we can spend or save it without permission. That said, it is a massive benefit to not have one of the strongest governments in human history actively trying to ruin our lives.

Since the beginning, bitcoiners have faced horrible regulatory trends. KYC, surveillance, and legal cases have made using bitcoin and building bitcoin businesses incredibly difficult. It is incredibly important to note that over the past year that trend has reversed for the first time in a decade. A strategic bitcoin reserve is a key driver of this shift. By holding bitcoin, the strongest government in the world has signaled that it is not just a fringe technology but rather truly valuable, legitimate, and worth stacking.

This alignment of incentives changes everything. The US Government stacking proves bitcoin’s worth. The resulting purchasing power appreciation helps all of us who are holding coin and as bitcoin succeeds our government receives direct benefit. A beautiful positive feedback loop.

Realism

We are trending in the right direction. A strategic bitcoin reserve is a sign that the state sees bitcoin as an asset worth embracing rather than destroying. That said, there is a lot of work left to be done. We cannot be lulled into complacency, the time to push forward is now, and we cannot take our foot off the gas. We have a seat at the table for the first time ever. Let's make it worth it.

We must protect the right to free usage of bitcoin and other digital technologies. Freedom in the digital age must be taken and defended, through both technical and political avenues. Multiple privacy focused developers are facing long jail sentences for building tools that protect our freedom. These cases are not just legal battles. They are attacks on the soul of bitcoin. We need to rally behind them, fight for their freedom, and ensure the ethos of bitcoin survives this new era of government interest. The strategic reserve is a step in the right direction, but it is up to us to hold the line and shape the future.

@ cefb08d1:f419beff

Source : https://mymodernmet.com/2024-dog-photography-awards/

https://stacker.news/items/983647

@ a8d1560d:3fec7a08

NIP-XX

Documentation and Wikis with Spaces and Format Declaration

draft optional

Summary

This NIP introduces a system for collaborative documentation and wikis on Nostr. It improves upon earlier efforts by adding namespace-like Spaces, explicit content format declaration, and clearer separation of article types, including redirects and merge requests.

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Motivation

Previous approaches to wiki-style collaborative content on Nostr had two key limitations:

1. Format instability – No declared format per event led to breaking changes (e.g. a shift from Markdown to Asciidoc).
2. Lack of namespace separation – All articles existed in a global space, causing confusion and collision between unrelated projects.

This NIP addresses both by introducing:

• Spaces – individually defined wikis or documentation sets.
• Explicit per-article format declaration.
• Dedicated event kinds for articles, redirects, merge requests, and space metadata.

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Specification

kind: 31055 – Space Definition

Defines a project namespace for articles.

Tags: - ["name", "<space title>"] - ["slug", "<short identifier>"] - ["description", "<optional description>"] - ["language", "<ISO language code>"] - ["license", "<license text or SPDX ID>"]

Content: (optional) full description or README for the space.

---

kind: 31056 – Article

An article in a specific format belonging to a defined space.

Tags: - ["space", "<slug>"] - ["title", "<article title>"] - ["format", "markdown" | "asciidoc" | "mediawiki" | "html"] - ["format-version", "<format version>"] (optional) - ["prev", "<event-id>"] (optional) - ["summary", "<short change summary>"] (optional)

Content: full body of the article in the declared format.

---

kind: 31057 – Redirect

Redirects from one article title to another within the same space.

Tags: - ["space", "<slug>"] - ["from", "<old title>"] - ["to", "<new title>"]

Content: empty.

---

kind: 31058 – Merge Request

Proposes a revision to an article without directly altering the original.

Tags: - ["space", "<slug>"] - ["title", "<article title>"] - ["base", "<event-id>"] - ["format", "<format>"] - ["comment", "<short summary>"] (optional)

Content: proposed article content.

---

Format Guidelines

Currently allowed formats: - markdown - asciidoc - mediawiki - html

Clients MUST ignore formats they do not support. Clients MAY apply stricter formatting rules.

---

Client Behavior

Clients: - MUST render only supported formats. - MUST treat space as a case-sensitive namespace. - SHOULD allow filtering, browsing and searching within Spaces. - SHOULD support revision tracking via prev. - MAY support diff/merge tooling for kind: 31058.

---

Examples

Space Definition

json { "kind": 31055, "tags": [ ["name", "Bitcoin Docs"], ["slug", "btc-docs"], ["description", "Developer documentation for Bitcoin tools"], ["language", "en"], ["license", "MIT"] ], "content": "Welcome to the Bitcoin Docs Space." }

Markdown Article

json { "kind": 31056, "tags": [ ["space", "btc-docs"], ["title", "Installation Guide"], ["format", "markdown"] ], "content": "# Installation\n\nFollow these steps to install the software..." }

Asciidoc Article

json { "kind": 31056, "tags": [ ["space", "btc-docs"], ["title", "RPC Reference"], ["format", "asciidoc"] ], "content": "= RPC Reference\n\nThis section describes JSON-RPC calls." }

MediaWiki Article

json { "kind": 31056, "tags": [ ["space", "btc-docs"], ["title", "Block Structure"], ["format", "mediawiki"] ], "content": "== Block Structure ==\n\nThe structure of a Bitcoin block is..." }

Redirect

json { "kind": 31057, "tags": [ ["space", "btc-docs"], ["from", "Getting Started"], ["to", "Installation Guide"] ], "content": "" }

Merge Request

json { "kind": 31058, "tags": [ ["space", "btc-docs"], ["title", "Installation Guide"], ["base", "d72fa1..."], ["format", "markdown"], ["comment", "Added step for testnet"] ], "content": "# Installation\n\nNow includes setup instructions for testnet users." }

---

Acknowledgements

This proposal builds on earlier ideas for decentralized wikis and documentation within Nostr, while solving common issues related to format instability and lack of project separation.

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

Recently we have seen a wave of high profile X accounts hacked. These attacks have exposed the fragility of the status quo security model used by modern social media platforms like X. Many users have asked if nostr fixes this, so lets dive in. How do these types of attacks translate into the world of nostr apps? For clarity, I will use X’s security model as representative of most big tech social platforms and compare it to nostr.

The Status Quo

On X, you never have full control of your account. Ultimately to use it requires permission from the company. They can suspend your account or limit your distribution. Theoretically they can even post from your account at will. An X account is tied to an email and password. Users can also opt into two factor authentication, which adds an extra layer of protection, a login code generated by an app. In theory, this setup works well, but it places a heavy burden on users. You need to create a strong, unique password and safeguard it. You also need to ensure your email account and phone number remain secure, as attackers can exploit these to reset your credentials and take over your account. Even if you do everything responsibly, there is another weak link in X infrastructure itself. The platform’s infrastructure allows accounts to be reset through its backend. This could happen maliciously by an employee or through an external attacker who compromises X’s backend. When an account is compromised, the legitimate user often gets locked out, unable to post or regain control without contacting X’s support team. That process can be slow, frustrating, and sometimes fruitless if support denies the request or cannot verify your identity. Often times support will require users to provide identification info in order to regain access, which represents a privacy risk. The centralized nature of X means you are ultimately at the mercy of the company’s systems and staff.

Nostr Requires Responsibility

Nostr flips this model radically. Users do not need permission from a company to access their account, they can generate as many accounts as they want, and cannot be easily censored. The key tradeoff here is that users have to take complete responsibility for their security. Instead of relying on a username, password, and corporate servers, nostr uses a private key as the sole credential for your account. Users generate this key and it is their responsibility to keep it safe. As long as you have your key, you can post. If someone else gets it, they can post too. It is that simple. This design has strong implications. Unlike X, there is no backend reset option. If your key is compromised or lost, there is no customer support to call. In a compromise scenario, both you and the attacker can post from the account simultaneously. Neither can lock the other out, since nostr relays simply accept whatever is signed with a valid key.

The benefit? No reliance on proprietary corporate infrastructure.. The negative? Security rests entirely on how well you protect your key.

Future Nostr Security Improvements

For many users, nostr’s standard security model, storing a private key on a phone with an encrypted cloud backup, will likely be sufficient. It is simple and reasonably secure. That said, nostr’s strength lies in its flexibility as an open protocol. Users will be able to choose between a range of security models, balancing convenience and protection based on need.

One promising option is a web of trust model for key rotation. Imagine pre-selecting a group of trusted friends. If your account is compromised, these people could collectively sign an event announcing the compromise to the network and designate a new key as your legitimate one. Apps could handle this process seamlessly in the background, notifying followers of the switch without much user interaction. This could become a popular choice for average users, but it is not without tradeoffs. It requires trust in your chosen web of trust, which might not suit power users or large organizations. It also has the issue that some apps may not recognize the key rotation properly and followers might get confused about which account is “real.”

For those needing higher security, there is the option of multisig using FROST (Flexible Round-Optimized Schnorr Threshold). In this setup, multiple keys must sign off on every action, including posting and updating a profile. A hacker with just one key could not do anything. This is likely overkill for most users due to complexity and inconvenience, but it could be a game changer for large organizations, companies, and governments. Imagine the White House nostr account requiring signatures from multiple people before a post goes live, that would be much more secure than the status quo big tech model.

Another option are hardware signers, similar to bitcoin hardware wallets. Private keys are kept on secure, offline devices, separate from the internet connected phone or computer you use to broadcast events. This drastically reduces the risk of remote hacks, as private keys never touches the internet. It can be used in combination with multisig setups for extra protection. This setup is much less convenient and probably overkill for most but could be ideal for governments, companies, or other high profile accounts.

---

Nostr’s security model is not perfect but is robust and versatile. Ultimately users are in control and security is their responsibility. Apps will give users multiple options to choose from and users will choose what best fits their need.

@ bc6ccd13:f53098e4

The global population has been rising rapidly for the past two centuries when compared to historical trends. Fifty years ago, that trend seemed set to continue, and there was a lot of concern around the issue of overpopulation. But if you haven’t been living under a rock, you’ll know that while the population is still rising, that trend now seems set to reverse this century, and there’s every indication population could decline precipitously over the next two centuries.

Demographics is a field where predictions about the future are much more reliable than in most scientific fields. That’s because future population trends are “baked in” decades in advance. If you want to know how many fifty-year-olds there will be in forty years, all you have to do is count the ten-year-olds today and allow for mortality rates. That maximum was already determined by the number of births ten years ago, and absolutely nothing can change that now. The average person doesn’t think that through when they look at population trends. You hear a lot of “oh we just need to do more of x to help the declining birthrate” without an acknowledgement that future populations in a given cohort are already fixed by the number of births that already occurred.

As you can see, global birthrates have already declined close to the 2.3 replacement level, with some regions ahead of others, but all on the same trajectory with no region moving against the trend. I’m not going to speculate on the reasons for this, or even whether it’s a good or bad thing. Instead I’m going to make some observations about outcomes this trend could cause economically, and why. Like most macro issues, an individual can’t do anything to change the global landscape personally, but knowing what that landscape might look like is essential to avoiding fallout from trends outside your control.

The Resource Pie

Thomas Malthus popularized the concern about overpopulation with his 1798 book An Essay on the Principle of Population. The basic premise of the book was that population could grow and consume all the available resources, leading to mass poverty, starvation, disease, and population collapse. We can say in hindsight that this was incorrect, given that the global population has increased from less than a billion to over eight billion since then, and the apocalypse Malthus predicted hasn’t materialized. Exactly the opposite, in fact. The global standard of living has risen to levels Malthus couldn’t have imagined, much less predicted.

So where did Malthus go wrong? His hypothesis seems reasonable enough, and we do see a similar trend in certain animal populations. The base assumption Malthus got wrong was to assume resources are a finite, limiting factor to the human population. That at some point certain resources would be totally consumed, and that would be it. He treated it like a pie with a lot of slices, but still a finite number, and assumed that if the population kept rising, eventually every slice would be consumed and there would be no pie left for future generations. That turns out to be completely wrong.

Of course, the earth is finite at some abstract level. The number of atoms could theoretically be counted and quantified. But on a practical level, do humans exhaust the earth’s resources? I’d point to an article from Yale Scientific titled Has the Earth Run out of any Natural Resources? To quote,

However, despite what doomsday predictions may suggest, the Earth has not run out of any resources nor is it likely that it will run out of any in the near future.

In fact, resources are becoming more abundant. Though this may seem puzzling, it does not mean that the actual quantity of resources in the Earth’s crust is increasing but rather that the amount available for our use is constantly growing due to technological innovations. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the only resource we have exhausted is cryolite, a mineral used in pesticides and aluminum processing. However, that is not to say every bit of it has been mined away; rather, producing it synthetically is much more cost efficient than mining the existing reserves at its current value.

As it happens, we don’t run out of resources. Instead, we become better at finding, extracting, and efficiently utilizing resources, which means that in practical terms resources become more abundant, not less. In other words, the pie grows faster than we can eat it.

So is there any resource that actually limits human potential? I think there is, and history would suggest that resource is human ingenuity and effort. The more people are thinking about and working on a problem, the more solutions we find and build to solve it. That means not only does the pie grow faster than we can eat it, but the more people there are, the faster the pie grows. Of course that assumes everyone eating pie is also working to grow the pie, but that’s a separate issue for now.

Productivity and Division of Labor

Why does having more people lead to more productivity? A big part of it comes down to division of labor and specialization. The best way to get really good at something is to do more of it. In a small community, doing just one thing simply isn’t possible. Everyone has to be somewhat of a generalist in order to survive. But with a larger population, being a specialist becomes possible. In fact, that’s the purpose of money, as I explained here.

https://primal.net/f0xr/_-MfVPUpEA4G_6ulVi_HB

The more specialized an economy becomes, the more efficient it can be. There are big economies of scale in almost every task or process. So for example, if a single person tried to build a car from scratch, it would be extremely difficult and take a very long time. However, if you have a thousand people building a car, each doing a specific job, they can become very good at doing that specific job and do it much faster. And then you can move that process to a factory, and build machines to do specific jobs, and add even more efficiency.

But that only works if you’re building more than one car. It doesn’t make sense to build a huge factory full of specialized equipment that takes lots of time and effort to design and manufacture, and then only build one car. You need to sell thousands of cars, maybe even millions of cars, to pay off that initial investment. So division of labor and specialization relies on large populations in two different ways. First, you need a large population to have enough people to specialize in each task. But second and just as importantly, you need a large population of buyers for the finished product. You need a big market in order to make mass production economical.

Think of a computer or smartphone. It takes thousands of specialized processes, thousands of complex parts, and millions of people doing specialized jobs to extract the raw materials, process them, and assemble them into a piece of electronic hardware. And electronics are relatively expensive anyway. Imagine how impossible it would be to manufacture electronics economically, if the market demand wasn’t literally in the billions of units.

Stairs Up, Elevator Down

We’ve seen exponential increases in productivity over the past few centuries, resulting in higher living standards even as population exploded. Now, facing the prospect of a drastic trend reversal, what will happen to productivity and living standards? The typical sentiment seems to be “well, there are a lot of people already competing for resources, so if population does decline, that will just reduce the competition and leave a bigger slice of pie for each person, so we’ll all be getting wealthier as a result of population decline.”

This seems reasonable at first glance. Surely dividing the economic pie into fewer slices means a bigger slice for everyone, right? But remember, more specialization and division of labor is what made the pie as big as it is to begin with. And specialization depends on large populations for both the supply of specialized labor, and the demand for finished goods. Can complex supply chains and mass production withstand population reduction intact? I don’t think the answer is clear.

The idea that it will all be okay, and we’ll get wealthier as population falls, is based on some faulty assumptions. It assumes that wealth is basically some fixed inventory of “things” that exist, and it’s all a matter of distribution. That’s typical Marxist thinking, similar to the reasoning behind “tax the rich” and other utopian wealth transfer schemes.

The reality is, wealth is a dynamic concept with strong network effects. For example, a grocery store in a large city can be a valuable asset with a large potential income stream. The same store in a small village with a declining population can be an unprofitable and effectively worthless liability.

Even something as permanent as a house is very susceptible to network effects. If you currently live in an area where housing is scarce and expensive, you might think a declining population would be the perfect solution to high housing costs. However, if you look at a place that’s already facing the beginnings of a population decline, you’ll see it’s not actually that simple. Japan, for example, is already facing an aging and declining population. And sure enough, you can get a house in Japan for free, or basically free. Sounds amazing, right? Not really.

If you check out the reason houses are given away in Japan, you’ll find a depressing reality. Most of the free houses are in rural areas or villages where the population is declining, often to the point that the village becomes uninhabited and abandoned. It’s so bad that in 2018, 13.6% of houses in Japan were vacant. Why do villages become uninhabited? Well, it turns out that a certain population level is necessary to support the services and businesses people need. When the population falls too low, specialized businesses can no longer operated profitably. It’s the exact issue we discussed with division of labor and the need for a high population to provide a market for the specialist to survive. As the local stores, entertainment venues, and businesses close, and skilled tradesmen move away to larger population centers with more customers, living in the village becomes difficult and depressing, if not impossible. So at a certain critical level, a village that’s too isolated will reach a tipping point where everyone leaves as fast as possible. And it turns out that an abandoned house in a remote village or rural area without any nearby services and businesses is worth… nothing. Nobody wants to live there, nobody wants to spend the money to maintain the house, nobody wants to pay the taxes needed to maintain the utilities the town relied on. So they try to give the houses away to anyone who agrees to live there, often without much success.

So on a local level, population might rise gradually over time, but when that process reverses and population declines to a certain level, it can collapse rather quickly from there.

I expect the same incentives to play out on a larger scale as well. Complex supply chains and extreme specialization lead to massive productivity. But there’s also a downside, which is the fragility of the system. Specialization might mean one shop can make all the widgets needed for a specific application, for the whole globe. That’s great while it lasts, but what happens when the owner of that shop retires with his lifetime of knowledge and experience? Will there be someone equally capable ready to fill his shoes? Hopefully… But spread that problem out across the global economy, and cracks start to appear. A specialized part is unavailable. So a machine that relies on that part breaks down and can’t be repaired. So a new machine needs to be built, which is a big expense that drives up costs and prices. And with a falling population, demand goes down. Now businesses are spending more to make fewer items, so they have to raise prices to stay profitable. Now fewer people can afford the item, so demand falls even further. Eventually the business is forced to close, and other industries that relied on the items they produced are crippled. Things become more expensive, or unavailable at any price. Living standards fall. What was a stairway up becomes an elevator down.

Hope, From the Parasite Class?

All that being said, I’m not completely pessimistic about the future. I think the potential for an acceptable outcome exists.

I see two broad groups of people in the economy; producers, and parasites. One thing the increasing productivity has done is made it easier than ever to survive. Food is plentiful globally, the only issues are with distribution. Medical advances save countless lives. Everything is more abundant than ever before. All that has led to a very “soft” economic reality. There’s a lot of non-essential production, which means a lot of wealth can be redistributed to people who contribute nothing, and if it’s done carefully, most people won’t even notice. And that is exactly what has happened, in spades.

There are welfare programs of every type and description, and handouts to people for every reason imaginable. It’s never been easier to survive without lifting a finger. So millions of able-bodied men choose to do just that.

Besides the voluntarily idle, the economy is full of “bullshit jobs.” Shoutout to David Graeber’s book with that title. (It’s an excellent book and one I would highly recommend, even though the author was a Marxist and his conclusions are completely wrong.) A 2015 British poll asked people, “Does your job make a meaningful contribution to the world?” Only 50% said yes, while 37% said no and 13% were uncertain.

This won’t be a surprise to anyone who’s operated a business, or even worked in the private sector in general. There are three types of jobs; jobs that accomplish something productive, jobs that accomplish nothing of value, and jobs that actually hinder people trying to accomplish something productive. The number of jobs in the last two categories has grown massively over the years. This would include a lot of unnecessary administrative jobs, burdensome regulatory jobs, useless DEI and HR jobs, a large percentage of public sector jobs, most of the military-industrial complex, and the list is endless. All these jobs accomplish nothing worthwhile at best, and actively discourage those who are trying to accomplish something at worst.

Even among jobs that do accomplish some useful purpose, the amount of time spent actually doing the job continues to decline. According to a 2016 poll, American office workers spent only 39% of their workday actually doing their primary task. The other 61% was largely wasted on unproductive administrative tasks and meetings, answering emails, and just simply wasting time.

I could go on, but the point is, there’s a lot of slack in the economy. We’ve become so productive that the number of people actually doing the work to keep everyone fed, clothed, and cared for is only a small percentage of the population. In one sense, that’s a cause for optimism. The population could decline a lot, and we’d still have enough bodies to man the economic engine, as it were.

Aging

The thing with population decline, though, is nobody gets to choose who goes first. Not unless you’re a psychopathic dictator. So populations get old, then they get small. This means that the number of dependents in the economy rises naturally. Once people retire, they still need someone to grow the food, keep the lights on, and provide the medical care. And it doesn’t matter how much money the retirees have saved, either. Money is just a claim on wealth. The goods and services actually have to be provided by someone, and if that someone was never born, all the money in the world won’t change anything.

And the aging occurs on top of all the people already taking from the economy without contributing anything of value. So that seems like a big problem.

Currently, wealth redistribution happens through a combination of direct taxes, indirect taxation through deficit spending, and the whole gamut of games that happen when banks create credit/debt money by making loans. In a lot of cases, it’s very indirect and difficult to pin down. For example, someone has a “job” in a government office, enforcing pointless regulations that actually hinder someone in the private sector from producing something useful. Their paycheck comes from the government, so a combination of taxes on productive people, and deficit spending, which is also a tax on productive people. But they “have a job,” so who’s going to question their contribution to society? On the other hand, it could be a banker or hedge fund manager. They might be pulling in a massive salary, but at the core all they’re really doing is finding creative financial ways to transfer wealth from productive people to themselves, without contributing anything of value.

You’ll notice a common theme if you think about this problem deeply. Most of the wealth transfer that supports the unproductive, whether that’s welfare recipients, retirees, bureaucrats, corporate middle managers, or weapons manufacturers, is only possible through expanding the money supply. There’s a limit to how much direct taxation the productive will bear while the option to collect welfare exists. At a certain point, people conclude that working hard every day isn’t worth it, when taxes take so much of their wages that they could make almost as much without working at all. So the balance of what it takes to support the dependent class has to come indirectly, through new money creation.

As long as the declining population happens under the existing monetary system, the future looks bleak. There’s no limit to how much money creation and inflation the parasite class will use in an attempt to avoid work. They’ll continue to suck the productive class dry until the workers give up in disgust, and the currency collapses into hyperinflation. And you can’t run a complex economy without functional money, so productivity inevitably collapses with the currency.

The optimistic view is that we don’t have to continue supporting the failed credit/debt monetary system. It’s hurting productivity, messing up incentives, and contributing to increasing wealth inequality and lower living standards for the middle class. If we walk away from that system and adopt a hard money standard, the possibility of inflationary wealth redistribution vanishes. The welfare and warfare programs have to be slashed. The parasite class is forced to get busy, or starve. In that scenario, the declining population of workers can be offset by a massive shift away from “bullshit jobs” and into actual productive work.

While that might not be a permanent solution to declining population, it would at least give us time to find a real solution, without having our complex economy collapse and send our living standards back to the 17th century.

It’s a complex issue with many possible outcomes, but I think a close look at the effects of the monetary system on productivity shows one obvious problem that will make the situation worse than necessary. Moving to a better monetary system and creating incentives for productivity would do a lot to reduce the economic impacts of a declining population.

@ cefb08d1:f419beff

https://stacker.news/items/983539

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

In much of the world, it is incredibly difficult to access U.S. dollars. Local currencies are often poorly managed and riddled with corruption. Billions of people demand a more reliable alternative. While the dollar has its own issues of corruption and mismanagement, it is widely regarded as superior to the fiat currencies it competes with globally. As a result, Tether has found massive success providing low cost, low friction access to dollars. Tether claims 400 million total users, is on track to add 200 million more this year, processes 8.1 million transactions daily, and facilitates $29 billion in daily transfers. Furthermore, their estimates suggest nearly 40% of users rely on it as a savings tool rather than just a transactional currency.

Tether’s rise has made the company a financial juggernaut. Last year alone, Tether raked in over $13 billion in profit, with a lean team of less than 100 employees. Their business model is elegantly simple: hold U.S. Treasuries and collect the interest. With over $113 billion in Treasuries, Tether has turned a straightforward concept into a profit machine.

Tether’s success has resulted in many competitors eager to claim a piece of the pie. This has triggered a massive venture capital grift cycle in USD tokens, with countless projects vying to dethrone Tether. Due to Tether’s entrenched network effect, these challengers face an uphill battle with little realistic chance of success. Most educated participants in the space likely recognize this reality but seem content to perpetuate the grift, hoping to cash out by dumping their equity positions on unsuspecting buyers before they realize the reality of the situation.

Historically, Tether’s greatest vulnerability has been U.S. government intervention. For over a decade, the company operated offshore with few allies in the U.S. establishment, making it a major target for regulatory action. That dynamic has shifted recently and Tether has seized the opportunity. By actively courting U.S. government support, Tether has fortified their position. This strategic move will likely cement their status as the dominant USD token for years to come.

While undeniably a great tool for the millions of users that rely on it, Tether is not without flaws. As a centralized, trusted third party, it holds the power to freeze or seize funds at its discretion. Corporate mismanagement or deliberate malpractice could also lead to massive losses at scale. In their goal of mitigating regulatory risk, Tether has deepened ties with law enforcement, mirroring some of the concerns of potential central bank digital currencies. In practice, Tether operates as a corporate CBDC alternative, collaborating with authorities to surveil and seize funds. The company proudly touts partnerships with leading surveillance firms and its own data reveals cooperation in over 1,000 law enforcement cases, with more than $2.5 billion in funds frozen.

---

The global demand for Tether is undeniable and the company’s profitability reflects its unrivaled success. Tether is owned and operated by bitcoiners and will likely continue to push forward strategic goals that help the movement as a whole. Recent efforts to mitigate the threat of U.S. government enforcement will likely solidify their network effect and stifle meaningful adoption of rival USD tokens or CBDCs. Yet, for all their achievements, Tether is simply a worse form of money than bitcoin. Tether requires trust in a centralized entity, while bitcoin can be saved or spent without permission. Furthermore, Tether is tied to the value of the US Dollar which is designed to lose purchasing power over time, while bitcoin, as a truly scarce asset, is designed to increase in purchasing power with adoption. As people awaken to the risks of Tether’s control, and the benefits bitcoin provides, bitcoin adoption will likely surpass it.

@ f0bf3da2:4ab06f5b

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@ f0bf3da2:4ab06f5b

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@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

We have our conference finalists: - Indiana (4) @ New York (3) - Minnesota (6) @ OKC (1)

Pick one team to advance to the finals and one player to win Conference Finals MVP. One player from each matchup will be named MVP.

The scoring this round is 4 points + seed value for picking a winner and 4 points for picking an MVP. The maximum points this round are 14.

Current Scores | Stacker | Points | |----------|-------| | @Undisciplined | 35 | | @grayruby | 32 | | @gnilma | 28 | | @fishious | 21 | | @WeAreAllSatoshi | 20 | | @BlokchainB | 19 | | @Coinsreporter | 19 | | @Carresan | 18 | | @Car | 9 |

SGA was the leading scorer of round 2

https://stacker.news/items/983402

@ 04c915da:3dfbecc9

One of the most common criticisms leveled against nostr is the perceived lack of assurance when it comes to data storage. Critics argue that without a centralized authority guaranteeing that all data is preserved, important information will be lost. They also claim that running a relay will become prohibitively expensive. While there is truth to these concerns, they miss the mark. The genius of nostr lies in its flexibility, resilience, and the way it harnesses human incentives to ensure data availability in practice.

A nostr relay is simply a server that holds cryptographically verifiable signed data and makes it available to others. Relays are simple, flexible, open, and require no permission to run. Critics are right that operating a relay attempting to store all nostr data will be costly. What they miss is that most will not run all encompassing archive relays. Nostr does not rely on massive archive relays. Instead, anyone can run a relay and choose to store whatever subset of data they want. This keeps costs low and operations flexible, making relay operation accessible to all sorts of individuals and entities with varying use cases.

Critics are correct that there is no ironclad guarantee that every piece of data will always be available. Unlike bitcoin where data permanence is baked into the system at a steep cost, nostr does not promise that every random note or meme will be preserved forever. That said, in practice, any data perceived as valuable by someone will likely be stored and distributed by multiple entities. If something matters to someone, they will keep a signed copy.

Nostr is the Streisand Effect in protocol form. The Streisand effect is when an attempt to suppress information backfires, causing it to spread even further. With nostr, anyone can broadcast signed data, anyone can store it, and anyone can distribute it. Try to censor something important? Good luck. The moment it catches attention, it will be stored on relays across the globe, copied, and shared by those who find it worth keeping. Data deemed important will be replicated across servers by individuals acting in their own interest.

Nostr’s distributed nature ensures that the system does not rely on a single point of failure or a corporate overlord. Instead, it leans on the collective will of its users. The result is a network where costs stay manageable, participation is open to all, and valuable verifiable data is stored and distributed forever.

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Payjoin allows the sender and receiver of an on-chain payment to collaborate and create a transaction that breaks on-chain heuristics, allowing a more private transaction with ambiguous payment amount and UTXO ownership. Additionally, it can also be used for UTXO consolidation (receiver saves future fees) and batching payments (receiver can make payment(s) of their own in the process of receiving one), also known as transaction cut-through. Other than improved privacy, the rest of the benefits are typically applicable to the receiver, not the sender.

BIP-78 was the original payjoin protocol that required the receiver to run a endpoint/server (always online) in order to mediate the payjoin process. Payjoin adoption has remained pretty low, something attributed to the server & perpetual online-ness requirement. This is the motivation for payjoin v2.

The purpose of the one-pager is to analyse the protocol, and highlight the UX issues or tradeoffs it entails, so that the payjoin user flows can be appropriately designed and the tradeoffs likewise communicated. A further document on UX solutions might be needed to identify solutions and opportunities

The following observations are generally limited to individual users transacting through their mobile devices:

While users naturally want better privacy and fee-savings, they also want to minimise friction and minimise (optimise) payment time. These are universal and more immediate needs since they deal with the user experience.

Added manual steps

TL;DR v2 payjoin eliminates server & simultaneous user-liveness requirements (increasing TAM, and opportunities to payjoin, as a result) by adding manual steps.

Usually, the extent of the receiver's involvement in the transaction process is limited to sharing their address with the sender. Once they share the address/URI, they can basically forget about it. In the target scenario for v2 payjoin, the receiver must come online again (except they have no way of knowing "when") to contribute input(s) and sign the PSBT. This can be unexpected, unintuitive and a bit of a hassle.

Usually (and even with payjoin v1), the sender crafts and broadcasts the transaction in one go; meaning the user's job is done within a few seconds/minutes. With payjoin v2, they must share the original-PSBT with the receiver, and then wait for them to do their part. Once the the receiver has done that, the sender must come online to review the transaction, sign it & broadcast.

In summary,

In payjoin v1, step 3 is automated and instant, so delay 2, 3 =~ 0. As the user experiences it, the process is completed in a single session, akin to a non-payjoin transaction.

With payjoin v2, Steps 2 & 3 in the above diagram are widely spread and noticeable. These manual steps are separated by uncertain delays (more on that below) when compared to a non-payjoin transaction.

Delays

We've established that both senders and receivers must take extra manual steps to execute a payoin transaction. With payjoin v2, this process gets split into multiple sessions, since the sender and receiver are not like to be online simultaneously.

Delay 2 & 3 (see diagram above) are uncertain in nature. Most users do not open their bitcoin wallets for days or weeks! The receiver must come online before the timeout hits in order for the payjoin process to work, otherwise time is just wasted with no benefit. UX or technical solutions are needed to minimise these delays.

Delays might be exacerbated if the setup is based on hardware wallet and/or uses multisig.

Notifications or background processes

There is one major problem when we say "the user must come online to..." but in reality the user has no way of knowing there is a payjoin PSBT waiting for them. After a PSBT is sent to the relay, the opposite user would only find out about it whenever they happen to come online. Notifications and background sync processes might be necessary to minimise delays. This is absolutely essential to avert timeouts in addition to saving valuable time. Another risk is phantom payjoin stuff after the timeout is expired if receiver-side does not know it has.

Fee Savings

The following observations might be generally applicable for both original and this v2 payjoin version. Fee-savings with payjoin is a tricky topic. Of course, overall a payjoin transaction is always cheaper than 2 separate transactions, since they get to share the overhead.

Additionally, without the receiver contributing to fees, the chosen fee rate of the PSBT (at the beginning) drops, and can lead to slower confirmation. From another perspective, a sender paying with payjoin pays higher fees for similar confirmation target. This has been observed in a production wallet years back. Given that total transaction time can extend to days, the fee environment itself might change, and all this must be considered when designing the UX.

Of course, there is nothing stopping the receiver from contributing to fees, but this idea is likely entirely novel to the bitcoin ecosystem (perhaps payments ecosystem in general) and the user base. Additionally, nominally it involves the user paying fees and tolerating delays just to receive bitcoin. Without explicit incentives/features that encourage receivers to participate, payjoining might seem like an unncessary hassle.

Overall, it seems that payjoin makes UX significant tradeoffs for important privacy (and potential fee-saving) benefits. This means that the UX might have to do significant heavy-lifting, to ensure that users are not surprised, confused or frustrated when they try to transact on-chain in a privacy-friendly feature. Good, timely communication, new features for consolidation & txn-cutthrough and guided user flows seem crucial to ensure payjoin adoption and for help make on-chain privacy a reality for users.

---------------

Original document available here. Reach out at yashrajdca@proton.me, y_a_s_h_r_a_j.70 on Signal, or on reach out in Bitcoin Design discord.

https://stacker.news/items/981388

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

Ohne Meinungsfreiheit keine Pressefreiheit. Wo also Regierungen und deren mitunter als NGO getarnte Handlanger die Meinungsfreiheit einschränken, beschneiden sie auch die Pressefreiheit. In Artikel 5 des Grundgesetzes heißt es: „Die Pressefreiheit und die Freiheit der Berichterstattung durch Rundfunk und Film werden gewährleistet. Eine Zensur findet nicht statt.“ Wirklich? Was ist mit dem EU-weit geltende Digital Services Act (deutsch: Gesetz über digitale Dienste)? Laut politischem Establishment dient dieses Gesetz dem „Kampf gegen Desinformation und Hassrede“. Doch wer bestimmt, was Desinformation ist? Zählen dazu beispielsweise auch Aussagen von Gesundheitsministern über nicht vorhandene Nebenwirkungen von Covid-Impfungen? Und Wahlversprechen, die derjenige nur gemacht, um an Stimmen zu kommen, aber die Versprechen nie umsetzen wollte? Und was ist mit dem schwammigen Begriff „Hassrede“? Der Medienrechtsanwalt Joachim Steinhöfel schreibt: „Unser Strafgesetzbuch kennt den Begriff gar nicht.“ Dafür öffnet es staatlicher Willkür eine weitere Tür.\ In der Rangliste zur Pressefreiheit, die jedes Jahr von Reporter ohne Grenzen erstellt wird, finden diese Punkte kaum Beachtung. Keine Überraschung für unseren Autor, den Medienwissenschaftler Michael Meyen. Hören Sie seinen Beitrag „Der Westen gewinnt immer“, zuerst erschienen auf der Website der Freien Akademie für Medien und Journalismus sowie als Video verfügbar: www.freie-medienakademie.de/medien-plus…leerstellen und www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vp5YlGfJAm8

Sprecherin: Sabrina Khalil

Bild: ChatGPT im Auftrag von Radio München

@ 2b24a1fa:17750f64

„Was wäre, wenn Bürger keine verzogenen und bösen Wähler wären? Was, wenn in jedem einzelnen von uns ein verantwortungsbewusster, motivierter und konstruktiver Bürger steckte? Oder anders gesagt: Was wäre, wenn eine echte Demokratie realisierbar wäre?“, schreibt der Historiker Rutger Bregman in seinem Buch Im Grunde gut und beantwortet die Frage mit einem Beispiel aus Venezuela, wo die Bürger „100 Prozent des Investitionsbudgets der Gemeinde“ selbst verwalten. Es geht hier nicht um ein Fünf-Seelen-Dorf, sondern immerhin um eine Gemeinde mit mehr als 200.000 Einwohnern. Bregmans Botschaft: Bregmans Botschaft: Demokratie wäre möglich.

https://soundcloud.com/radiomuenchen/great-reset-von-unten/s-8hVwq6ZwygB?

In Deutschland ist das nicht anders. Dabei enthält das als Provisorium gedachte Grundgesetz von 1949 ganz gute Ansätze. Doch bis heute fehlt ihm die demokratische Legitimation, die auch 1990 ausblieb, nach dem Beitritt der aufgelösten DDR. Um aus dem Grundgesetz eine gültige Verfassung zu machen, bedarf es einer Volksabstimmung, die nie erfolgte. Was wir tun können, um endlich eine Verfassung zu erhalten, die den Interessen der Menschen dient, darüber haben wir uns schon im Juli 2021 mit dem Autor und Demokratie-Aktivisten Ralph Boes unterhalten. Jetzt hat er ein Buch geschrieben: „Great Reset von unten – Die ultimative Delegitimierung unseres Staates und die konkreten Schritte, das ganze vom Grunde her in Ordnung zu bringen“.

Unser Autor Jonny Rieder hat es gelesen.

Sprecher: Ulrich Allroggen

Bild: ChatGPT im Auftrag von Radio München

@ 8d34bd24:414be32b

We are all supposed to share Jesus and His word with those around us. We are called to:

but sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence (1 Peter 3:15)

We should daily pray to God, read the Bible, and share Jesus with others. Some Christians will choose to go into full-time service to God. They will be pastors or missionaries. They will work for churches, Christian schools, and other Christian ministries. Of course, not everyone will make serving Jesus a career. That doesn’t mean the non-career Christians have no job to do. We are all to be a light to this world.

There is one ministry, though, that I’d argue is most important: sharing the gospel with and discipling our children.

These words, which I am commanding you today, shall be on your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your sons and shall talk of them when you sit in your house and when you walk by the way and when you lie down and when you rise up. (Deuteronomy 6:6-7)

This passage may have been written in the Old Testament, but I’d argue that it is even more true now that we have the truth of Jesus Christ, “the way, the truth, and the life.” If the Jews were called to diligently teach their kids the law, how much more should Christians diligently teach their kids the wonderous works and words of Jesus?

Train up a child in the way he should go, Even when he is old he will not depart from it. (Proverbs 22:6)

We should be so excited about what Jesus has done for us that it flows out of us in our daily lives. We should have a strong desire to learn God’s word and to share it with others, especially our children. We should share our excitement about Jesus with our kids. We should share our gratefulness for all Jesus has done for us. We should share our excitement about doing God’s work. Our children should see our faith in all we do and say.

Taking our kids to church Sunday morning and to Sunday school or youth group once a week is not going to teach our kids the importance of faith in Jesus. Praying openly at meals, at bedtime, when we hear about someone in need, and when a difficult situation happens teaches our kids to rely on Jesus. Reading our Bibles in front of our kids and doing daily devotions (at whatever time works for you, but we do evenings) teaches them the importance of the Scriptures. Acting according to a Biblical worldview and taking the time to explain to our kids the answers to the hard questions when the culture contradicts the Bible. This may mean taking the time to research answers to your kids’ questions because you don’t know the answer. Being patient with our kids, and even apologizing to them when we fail, teaches them to be humble and to repent. As the old saying goes, “morals are caught more than taught.” Also faith in Jesus is caught more than taught.

We need to live Godly lives that are different than the culture, remembering that our children are always watching, even when they are quite young and can’t articulate what they are learning.

We need to actively teach God’s word. This may be summarizing principles when they are young, but as soon as possible, this should include reading God’s word to our kids. (My daily reading is usually in an NASB Bible, but it is difficult for a young child to understand with its long, complex sentences, so I recommend something like the NLT Bible for children.)

“Now this is the commandment, the statutes and the judgments which the Lord your God has commanded me to teach you, that you might do them in the land where you are going over to possess it, so that you and your son and your grandson might fear the Lord your God, to keep all His statutes and His commandments which I command you, all the days of your life, and that your days may be prolonged. (Deuteronomy 6:1-2) {emphasis mine}

We want to share all of our knowledge of God and the Bible with our kids, grandkids, and great grandkids. We want to disciple our kids into strong faith in God and knowledge of the Bible, so they are capable of training their kids and their grandkids. We want to multiply faith in our families.

It is definitely good to have scheduled, intentional times of training our kids about the Bible. This could be part of homeschooling (which I strongly recommend). This could be family devotions, but we want teaching our kids about God to be just a natural part of life.

You shall teach them to your sons, talking of them when you sit in your house and when you walk along the road and when you lie down and when you rise up. (Deuteronomy 11:19)

Talking about what God has done in our lives, what we have learned about in our personal Bible study, and how the Bible relates to things we see in life should all naturally flow out of our interactions together. Talk about what the Bible says about a subject you hear on the news. Talk about what the Bible says about what is happening in a movie you watch. Talk about what the Bible says about the decisions you and your kids are having to make. Talk about what the Bible says about your kids’ relationship with each other and their friends and parents. God should be a normal part of everything in life.

We also want to make sure our actions don’t drive our kids away from God.

Fathers, do not provoke your children to anger, but bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord. (Ephesians 6:4)

The Bible does not make light of our need to train our kids in faith.

Discipline your son while there is hope, And do not desire his death. (Proverbs 19:18)

This is so important that failure to train up our kids in faith is considered desiring our kid’s death.

God finds this training so critical, He also addresses it from the kid’s point of view and commands them to listen to their parent’s teaching.

My son, give attention to my words;\ Incline your ear to my sayings.\ Do not let them depart from your sight;\ Keep them in the midst of your heart.\ For they are life to those who find them\ And health to all their body.\ Watch over your heart with all diligence,\ For from it flow the springs of life. (Proverbs 4:20-23)

In Proverbs 31, the Bible gives the best explanation of a Godly woman and mother.

She opens her mouth in wisdom,\ And the teaching of kindness is on her tongue.\ She looks well to the ways of her household,\ And does not eat the bread of idleness.\ *Her children rise up and bless her*;\ Her husband also, and he praises her, saying:\ “Many daughters have done nobly,\ But you excel them all.” (Proverbs 31:26-29)

A Mom should continually “open her mouth in wisdom,” and teach kindly. A mother who fulfills this commandment faithfully is promised that “Her children rise up and bless her.” Being loved and appreciated by our kids is a wonderful blessing, but even greater is knowing that we will see our children with us in heaven.

May God guide you and encourage you as you teach, train, and discipline your kids to know their God, Creator, and Savior.

Trust Jesus.

@ 9be6a199:6e133301

this is the content

this is an update

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

DTails é uma ferramenta que facilita a inclusão de aplicativos em imagens de sistemas live baseados em Debian, como o Tails. Com ela, você pode personalizar sua imagem adicionando os softwares que realmente precisa — tudo de forma simples, transparente e sob seu controle total.

⚠️ DTails não é uma distribuição. É uma ferramenta de remasterização de imagens live.

Ela permite incluir softwares como:

✅ SimpleX Chat ✅ Clientes Nostr Web (Snort & Iris) ✅ Sparrow Wallet ✅ Feather Wallet ✅ Cake Wallet ✅ RoboSats ✅ Bisq ✅ BIP39 (Ian Coleman) ✅ SeedTool ... e muito mais. https://image.nostr.build/b0bb1f0da5a9a8fee42eacbddb156fc3558f4c3804575d55eeefbe6870ac223e.jpg

Importante: os binários originais dos aplicativos não são modificados, garantindo total transparência e permitindo a verificação de hashes a qualquer momento.

👨‍💻 Desenvolvido por: nostr:npub1dtmp3wrkyqafghjgwyk88mxvulfncc9lg6ppv4laet5cun66jtwqqpgte6

GitHub: https://github.com/DesobedienteTecnologico/dtails?tab=readme-ov-file

🎯 Controle total do que será instalado

Com o DTails, você escolhe exatamente o que deseja incluir na imagem personalizada. Se não marcar um aplicativo, ele não será adicionado, mesmo que esteja disponível. Isso significa: privacidade, leveza e controle absoluto.

https://image.nostr.build/b0bb1f0da5a9a8fee42eacbddb156fc3558f4c3804575d55eeefbe6870ac223e.jpg https://image.nostr.build/b70ed11ad2ce0f14fd01d62c08998dc18e3f27733c8d7e968f3459846fb81baf.jpg https://image.nostr.build/4f5a904218c1ea6538be5b3f764eefda95edd8f88b2f42ac46b9ae420b35e6f6.jpg

⚙️ Começando com o DTails

📦 Requisitos de pacotes

Antes de tudo, instale os seguintes pacotes no Debian:

``` sudo apt-get install genisoimage parted squashfs-tools syslinux-utils build-essential python3-tk python3-pil.imagetk python3-pyudev

```

🛠 Passo a passo

1 Clone o repositório:

``` git clone https://github.com/DesobedienteTecnologico/dtails cd dtails

```

2 Inicie a interface gráfica com sudo:

``` sudo ./dtails.py

```

Por que usar sudo? É necessário para montar arquivos .iso ou .img e utilizar ferramentas essenciais do sistema.

---

💿 Selecione a imagem Tails que deseja modificar

https://nostr.download/e3143dcd72ab6dcc86228be04d53131ccf33d599a5f7f2f1a5c0d193557dac6b.jpg

---

📥 Adicione ou remova pacotes

1 Marque os aplicativos desejados. 2 Clique Buildld para gerar sua imagem personalizada. https://image.nostr.build/5c4db03fe33cd53d06845074d03888a3ca89c3e29b2dc1afed4d9d181489b771.png

Você pode acompanhar todo o processo diretamente no terminal. https://nostr.download/1d959f4be4de9fbb666ada870afee4a922fb5e96ef296c4408058ec33cd657a8.jpg

---

💽 .ISO vs .IMG — Qual escolher?

| Formato | Persistência | Observações | | ------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | | .iso | ❌ Não tem persistência | Gera o arquivo DTails.iso na pasta do projeto | | .img | ✅ Suporta persistência | Permite gravar diretamente em um pendrive |

https://nostr.download/587fa3956df47a38b169619f63c559928e6410c3dd0d99361770a8716b3691f6.jpg https://nostr.download/40c7c5badba765968a1004ebc67c63a28b9ae3b5801addb02166b071f970659f.jpg

---

vídeo

https://www.youtube.com/live/QABz-GOeQ68?si=eYX-AHsolbp_OmAm

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

First, the caveat: Yes, I understand that there's a consistent libertarian case for free trade as a policy position.

With all the discourse around tariffs, I wanted to highlight something of a moral oddity in the arguments being used by many free trade libertarians (I am a free trade libertarian, btw): namely, the idea that we (Americans) should happily take advantage of subsidized exports from poorer countries.

I do agree with the economics of the argument: By subsidizing exports, other countries are imposing a deadweight loss on themselves and passing savings along to US consumers.

Why are libertarians celebrating this, though? Poor, oppressed foreigners are being stolen from by their authoritarian governments and American consumers are benefiting from it financially. Thinking this is a good situation is odd and thinking you have a right to take part in it is even stranger.

Libertarians certainly understand that subsidies are wrong and economically harmful, and that they benefit a select group of politically connected cronies. Nothing about that changes just because it's happening in a foreign country and your grocery bill benefits from it.

Saying "That's how they run their country. It's none of our business." is a plea to moral relativism, which libertarians generally avoid. Libertarians also usually understand that the "they" who rule is not the same as the "they" who are ruled. Is it just too uncomfortable to acknowledge being the beneficiary of abuse?

I can't help but draw parallels to the abolitionists of two hundred years ago, who refused to buy the products of slaves. I think they're mostly viewed as having been "on the right side of history", but they're probably on the "wrong" side of most "free trade" arguments. Another of those arguments being that it doesn't help the poor oppressed foreigner to stop doing business with their oppressor (yes, many lefties get all mixed up about who the oppressors are).

Anyway, I have no brilliant conclusion to offer. What do you all think?

https://stacker.news/items/983054

@ 45bda953:bc1e518e

This post will be edited and refined over time.

Eschatology is the study of Biblical prophecy pertaining to what is commonly referred to as the end times. Bitcoin is the transformation of Austrian school economics theory into an efficient and applicable method driven by natural incentives and free market consensus mechanisms.

What happens when eschatology is viewed through a Bitcoin inspired world view?

In this thesis I contend that it is possible and very probable that the consequences of what Satoshi Nakamoto created in Bitcoin and the prophecies surrounding Jesus Christ with regards to the second coming and a thousand year kingdom of peace and prosperity convalesce into a very compelling argument for Biblical prophecy fulfilment.

...

No one would argue that modern major banks are today more powerful than kings of old and governments are mere puppets to the sway that the banking empires hold over them.

In Biblical prophecy when kings and powers are mentioned people rarely think of banking but nothing is comparable to the immense scale of wealth, power and territory controlled directly or indirectly by banks.

IMF, BIS, the FED and Blackrock are where the levers of power are pulled in the current dispensation. Governments restructure more frequently than these institutions whom endure and exercise unmerited influence over said governments and the public interests they claim to represent.

An excerpt from the King James Bible, Daniel chapter 2 describes prophetically the ages of man and its rotations of power.

Interesting to note that it is symbolically portrayed in monetary/industrial metals. All used as tokens for trade, symbols of wealth and manufacture.

Gold, silver, bronze, iron and clay. Gold has been a dominant symbol of power and wealth through millennia. Silver, brass and iron ores are mainly industrial metals although they all had prominent turns as coinage. Due to the debasement and concentration of gold specifically.

Clay on the other hand is only a symbol of power in construction and iron has never been used in construction to the extent it is in the 20th and 21st century. Skyscrapers are the symbols of money and power today, i.e. big bank and government buildings.

Daniel Chapter 2:24–45

24Therefore Daniel went to Arioch, whom the king had appointed to destroy the wise men of Babylon. He went and said thus to him: “Do not destroy the wise men of Babylon; take me before the king, and I will tell the king the interpretation.”

25Then Arioch quickly brought Daniel before the king, and said thus to him, “I have found a man of the captives of Judah, who will make known to the king the interpretation.”

26The king answered and said to Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, “Are you able to make known to me the dream which I have seen, and its interpretation?”

27Daniel answered in the presence of the king, and said, “The secret which the king has demanded, the wise men, the astrologers, the magicians, and the soothsayers cannot declare to the king. 28But there is a God in heaven who reveals secrets, and He has made known to King Nebuchadnezzar what will be in the latter days. Your dream, and the visions of your head upon your bed, were these: 29As for you, O king, thoughts came to your mind while on your bed, about what would come to pass after this; and He who reveals secrets has made known to you what will be. 30But as for me, this secret has not been revealed to me because I have more wisdom than anyone living, but for our sakes who make known the interpretation to the king, and that you may know the thoughts of your heart.

31“You, O king, were watching; and behold, a great image! This great image, whose splendor was excellent, stood before you; and its form was awesome. 32This image’s head was of fine gold, its chest and arms of silver, its belly and thighs of bronze, 33its legs of iron, its feet partly of iron and partly of clay. 34You watched while a stone was cut out without hands, which struck the image on its feet of iron and clay, and broke them in pieces. 35Then the iron, the clay, the bronze, the silver, and the gold were crushed together, and became like chaff from the summer threshing floors; the wind carried them away so that no trace of them was found. And the stone that struck the image became a great mountain and filled the whole earth.

36“This is the dream. Now we will tell the interpretation of it before the king. 37You, O king, are a king of kings. For the God of heaven has given you a kingdom, power, strength, and glory; 38and wherever the children of men dwell, or the beasts of the field and the birds of the heaven, He has given them into your hand, and has made you ruler over them all — you are this head of gold. 39But after you shall arise another kingdom inferior to yours; then another, a third kingdom of bronze, which shall rule over all the earth. 40And the fourth kingdom shall be as strong as iron, inasmuch as iron breaks in pieces and shatters everything; and like iron that crushes, that kingdom will break in pieces and crush all the others. 41Whereas you saw the feet and toes, partly of potter’s clay and partly of iron, the kingdom shall be divided; yet the strength of the iron shall be in it, just as you saw the iron mixed with ceramic clay. 42And as the toes of the feet were partly of iron and partly of clay, so the kingdom shall be partly strong and partly fragile. 43As you saw iron mixed with ceramic clay, they will mingle with the seed of men; but they will not adhere to one another, just as iron does not mix with clay. 44And in the days of these kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever. 45Inasmuch as you saw that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the bronze, the clay, the silver, and the gold — the great God has made known to the king what will come to pass after this. The dream is certain, and its interpretation is sure.”

I speculate that the toes of iron and clay represent the world banking empire. Skyscrapers are constructed from iron and cement. Different forms of clay is a necessary cement ingredient. Architecture has always been used as a symbol of dominance by rulers especially true of systems who use awe as a means to cause feelings of insignificance in the individual thereby asserting their power at low cost. Ironically it never costs the ruler to create these structures, the cost is always carried by the people in time, resources and energy.

Skyscrapers and large construction are the modern symbols of money and power. Not so much kings, palaces and temples. The stone breaking the power of the statue has to break something contemporary other than kings and palaces if it is to be eschatological prophecy fulfilled in our time.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/cement-building-material/History-of-cement

The invention of portland cement usually is attributed to Joseph Aspdin of Leeds, Yorkshire, England, who in 1824 took out a patent for a material that was produced from a synthetic mixture of limestone and clay.

https://www.thoughtco.com/how-skyscrapers-became-possible-1991649

Later, taller and taller buildings were made possible through a series of architectural and engineering innovations, including the invention of the first process to mass-produce steel.

Construction of skyscrapers was made possible thanks to Englishman Henry Bessemer, (1856 to 1950) who invented the first process to mass-produce steel inexpensively.

You watched while a stone was cut out without hands,

No hands needed when the stone is an idea.

As a thought experiment, imagine there was a base metal as scarce as gold but with the following properties:\ — boring grey in colour\ — not a good conductor of electricity\ — not particularly strong, but not ductile or easily malleable either\ — not useful for any practical or ornamental purpose\ \ and one special, magical property:\ — can be transported over a communications channel

Greshams Law illustrated in slow motion picture.

1: The banks collapse. Being fundamentally weak because of zero reserve lending, any student of Austrian economics has been correctly predicting banking collapse, and have incorrectly been advocating gold as the solution to this collapse. Many of the big economies are valued through their housing market. Housing will be demonetised (Iron and clay economy) meaning shelter and property will become affordable to the average wage earner again. The large cement and iron structures become redundant. Everyone will work from home and a value to value economy will make banks seem like relics from an age of stupidity and evil.

2: Industrial metal iron will not be for mega structures that contain speculators and bookkeepers who have fiat jobs slaving for fiat money. Iron will be used to improve the lives of individuals. Iron as coinage is already demonetised.

3: Brass is demonetised as coinage and only valuable in industry. Ammunition, music, plumbing etcetera.

4: Silver has been a terrible money throughout history and when the silver investors wake up to the fact that they are holding onto a redundant asset with zero monetary properties compared to the alternative they will dump their holdings, crashing the silver market and subsequently reducing the prices of producing -

solder and brazing alloys, batteries, dentistry, TV screens, smart phones microwave ovens, ad infinitum. To quote Jeff Booth. "Prices always fall to the marginal cost of production."

5: The final Rubicon is gold, people get excited about the Bitcoin exchange traded funds but it is nothing compared to the value proposition when gold pundits, large investment funds, governments pension funds and reserve banks finally realise that gold is worthless as money in this new dispensation.

To illustrate the point more vividly.

Ezekiel 7:19

They shall cast their silver in the streets, and their gold shall be removed: their silver and their gold shall not be able to deliver them in the day of the wrath of the LORD: they shall not satisfy their souls, neither fill their bowels: because it is the stumbling block of their iniquity.

What we are witnessing is the biggest rug pull the world has ever seen. In this future metals will exclusively be used for industrial use cases after being stripped of their monetary premium.

This collapse is something that happens slowly over a long period of time. More or less one hour.

Revelation 18 verse 11–19 (The fall of Babylon)

And the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her; for no man buyeth their merchandise any more: The merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stones, and of pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet, and all thyine wood, and all manner vessels of ivory, and all manner vessels of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble, And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men. And the fruits that thy soul lusted after are departed from thee, and all things which were dainty and goodly are departed from thee, and thou shalt find them no more at all. The merchants of these things, which were made rich by her, shall stand afar off for the fear of her torment, weeping and wailing, And saying, Alas, alas, that great city, that was clothed in fine linen, and purple, and scarlet, and decked with gold, and precious stones, and pearls! For in one hour so great riches is come to nought. And every shipmaster, and all the company in ships, and sailors, and as many as trade by sea, stood afar off, And cried when they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, What city is like unto this great city! And they cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and wailing, saying, Alas, alas, that great city, wherein were made rich all that had ships in the sea by reason of her costliness! for in one hour is she made desolate.

TLDR - No more money printer go BRRR. means death to the bourgeoisie cantillionaire class.**

Is it realistic to assume that all the worlds monetised industries collapse to fair value in one hour?

Coming back to eschatology, 2 Peter 3:8

But, beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day.

Eschatology students use this verse to speculatively project the fulfilment of Biblical prophecies with regards to their predicted time of occurrence. Now let’s apply this to Babylon falling in one hour.

1000 (one day) divided by 24 (hours) equals 41,6 years (one hour)

Since the first block was mined in January 2009 you add 41,6 years you get a completion date of 2050 a.d

Remember, this stone (Bitcoin) becomes a great mountain and fills the whole earth. A kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever. The dream is certain, and its interpretation is sure.

But contemporary sources must reflect this probability if it is a good theory.

https://www.newsbtc.com/news/50-of-population-to-use-bitcoin-by-2043-if-crypto-follows-internet-adoption/

If the banking system is first to collapse we can give it +- 10 years and we are already 14 years in since (Genesis Block) the stone struck the feet. People are slow to see the reality of the world they are living in. If all this is accurate then the world banking system is doomed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exK5yFEuBsk

Regards

Echo Delta

bitbib

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

LegoGPT generates a LEGO structure from a user-provided text prompt in an end-to-end manner. Notably, our generated LEGO structure is physically stable and buildable.

Lego is something most of us knows. This is a opportuity to ask where is our creativity going? From the art of crafting figures to building blocks following our need and desires to have a machine thinking and building following step-by-step instructions to achieve an isolated goal.

Is the creative act then in the question itself, not anymore in the crafting? Are we just delegating the solution of problems, the thinking of how to respond to questions, to machines? Would it be different if delegated to other people?

Source: https://avalovelace1.github.io/LegoGPT/

https://stacker.news/items/981336

@ 9be6a199:6e133301

sdsdsd

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

What do we mean when we talk about "fitness"? The word implies a connection to a higher purpose: "Fitness for what?"

Biologically, "fitness" refers to the propensity of an organism to pass on it's genes. Biological fitness is clearly context dependent: i.e. an anaconda isn't so fit if it gets moved to the arctic. I think we can build on that, while making it more human.

I think of fitness as our capacity to thrive in our environment. That's going to be different for each of us, depending on our environment and our preferences. However, there are some useful implications of thinking of fitness this way: 1. Chores, errands, work, play, and family activities might be the best kind of exercise, since they are physical activities that are directly tied to your lifestyle. 2. Supplemental exercise should be geared towards your lifestyle and improving your ability to accomplish things you need to be able to do. 3. There's no such thing as a universal "best exercise" or "best diet", because we all have different fitness objectives. 4. "Fitness" is not static: We do different things and have different priorities at different points in our lives, so our fitness goals should change over time. Many of us will even have seasonal fitness changes, since we don't do the same things in winter as we do in summer.

How do you all think about "fitness"?

Is it a highfalutin ivory tower concept or is it just ABs?

https://stacker.news/items/982981

@ 1b9fc4cd:1d6d4902

A musician's brand is as crucial as their talent in the ever-evolving music industry. Creating a compelling and cohesive brand can catapult an artist from obscurity to superstardom, providing a distinct identity that resonates with global audiences. One of the most iconic examples of successful music branding is David Bowie. His ability to craft a unique, multifaceted brand is a masterclass for any artist. Here, Daniel Siegel Alonso examines the Thin White Duke's approach via three essential branding components: naming, visual identity, and sonic style.

What's in a name?

The first step in establishing a memorable brand, music or otherwise, is choosing the right name. David Bowie understood this concept profoundly. Born David Robert Jones, he adopted the surname "Bowie" to avoid confusion with The Monkees' Davy Jones. His choice of "Bowie" was not random; it was inspired by the Bowie knife, symbolizing a razor-sharp, cutting edge—qualities that would later define his career.

Little did Davy Jones know that the Bowie name would become a brand in itself, a shorthand for creativity and continual rebranding. Selecting a memorable name that reflects their musical mission is crucial for up-and-coming musicians. A name should be unique yet simple enough to be easily remembered and searched by potential fans. It's also essential that the name is flexible, allowing for growth and evolution, much like Bowie's did throughout his career.

Formulating an indelible image

Siegel Alonso notes that a visual identity is another cornerstone of any successful brand. David Bowie excelled at this, continuously transforming his appearance to reflect his artistic eras. Bowie's visual identities were not just premeditated looks but integral parts of his storytelling style, from the celestial Ziggy Stardust to the grand Thin White Duke.

At its zenith, a musician's visual identity encompasses album artwork, stage costumes, music videos, and now, a strong social media presence. For Bowie, each visual iteration was meticulously crafted to align with the themes and messages of his music. This alignment between visual and sonic elements created a holistic and immersive experience for his audience.

Modern musicians should take a page from Bowie's playbook by developing a cohesive visual style that complements their music. Whether it's through consistent use of colors, symbols, or fashion, a distinctive visual identity helps to create a lasting impression. Collaborating with talented designers and photographers can also elevate an artist's visual brand to new heights.

Inventing a unique sound

The beating heart of any musical brand is the music itself. David Bowie's sonic style was as diverse as his iconic visual transformations. He effortlessly glided through genres, from glitter rock and American soul to electronica and avant-garde jazz, constantly pushing boundaries. Despite this diversity, there was an unmistakable Bowie essence to his music, characterized by innovative production, trademark tone, and a sense of drama.

For new artists, defining a unique sonic style is essential. This involves more than just the genre; it encompasses the artist's voice, instrumentation, production choices, and lyrical themes. An artist's sonic style should be recognizable and consistent yet flexible enough to evolve. Much like Bowie did, collaborating with different producers and musicians can infuse fresh perspectives and innovation into the music.

The merging of elements

David Bowie's brand success was not merely the result of excelling in isolated elements but rather the synergy between naming, visual identity, and sonic style. His ability to seamlessly incorporate these components created an influential, enduring brand that transcended cultural trends.

Siegel Alonso recommends emerging artists learn from this holistic approach. It's vital to ensure that all brand elements work in concert together. A well-chosen name sets the stage, a compelling visual identity seizes attention, and a unique sonic style engages your audience. Each element should reinforce the others, creating a cohesive and compelling narrative that defines the artist's brand.

Conclusion

Bringing a music brand to life is a multifaceted endeavor that requires careful consideration and creativity. Bowie's extraordinary career illustrates the power of a well-thought-out brand, showing how a distinctive name, a compelling visual identity, and a unique sonic style can create an enduring legacy. Daniel Siegel Alonso suggests aspiring artists turn to David Bowie as an oasis of inspiration, embracing the art of reinvention and the implication of a cohesive brand. By doing so, they can carve out their own space in their world and leave a lasting impact on their audience.

@ 30947d80:08bd561d

In an increasingly noisy and connected world, finding moments of peace and quiet can feel like a constant struggle. From the incessant ringing of cell phones to the chatter of nearby conversations, unwanted wireless communications can disrupt our focus, increase our stress levels, and diminish our overall well-being. While the use of electronic device jammer is a complex and often restricted issue, the underlying desire for tranquility and freedom from unwanted intrusions is a universal one. This article explores the potential role of jammers in creating peaceful environments, while acknowledging the legal, ethical, and practical limitations that must be considered.

The Appeal of Jammers for Creating Tranquility:

The allure of signal jammers as a means of guarding tranquility stems from their ability to create a "zone of silence," where unwanted wireless communications are effectively blocked. In theory, this could provide a respite from the constant barrage of notifications, calls, and other digital distractions.

• Reducing Noise Pollution: Jammers can block the ringing of cell phones, the chatter of conversations, and other sources of noise pollution, creating a more peaceful and relaxing environment.
• Enhancing Focus and Concentration: By eliminating distractions, phone jammer can improve focus and concentration, allowing individuals to work more effectively, study more efficiently, or simply relax and unwind.
• Creating Private Spaces: Jammers can be used to create private spaces where individuals can communicate without fear of being overheard or recorded.
• Promoting Mindfulness and Relaxation: By reducing digital distractions, gps blocker can promote mindfulness and relaxation, allowing individuals to be more present in the moment.

Legal and Responsible Alternatives for Finding Tranquility:

Instead of relying on illegal and potentially dangerous bluetooth jammer, there are many legal and responsible ways to create a more tranquil environment:

• Use Noise-Canceling Headphones: Noise-canceling headphones can block out unwanted sounds, allowing you to focus on your work or relax in peace.
• Create a Quiet Space: Designate a specific area in your home or office as a quiet space where you can go to escape distractions.
• Turn Off Notifications: Turn off notifications on your electronic devices to reduce the constant barrage of alerts.
• Practice Mindfulness and Meditation: Mindfulness and meditation techniques can help you to focus your attention and reduce stress.
• Communicate Your Needs: Communicate your need for quiet to those around you and ask them to respect your boundaries.
• Use Soundproofing Materials: Soundproofing materials can be used to reduce noise levels in your home or office.

• Spend Time in Nature: Spending time in nature can be a great way to relax and de-stress.

• https://baskadia.com/post/8kllb

• https://www.edocr.com/v/3kvwmk0j/Thejammerblockershop/t-us-x04-desktop-blocking-mobile-device-high-power

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

BitMine Launches Bitcoin Treasury Advisory Practice, Secures $4M Deal with First Client

Today, BitMine Immersion Technologies, Inc. (OTCQX: BMNRD) announced the launch of its Bitcoin Treasury Advisory Practice and a $4 million deal with a U.S. exchange-listed company. The deal saw Bitmine surpass its last year’s total revenue in that single transaction alone, according to the announcement.

BitMine ( OTCQX: $BMNRD $BMNR) launches Bitcoin Treasury Advisory Practice and secures $4M deal with first client.

This single transaction exceeds our 2024 revenue and sets the stage for major growth.

Read now: https://t.co/R89K3WXdZZ pic.twitter.com/5vIvlYPZUY

— Bitmine Immersion Technologies, Inc. (@BitMNR) May 19, 2025

BitMine will provide “Mining as a Service” (MaaS) by leasing 3,000 Bitcoin ASIC miners to the client through December 30, 2025, in a $3.2 million lease deal, with $1.6 million paid upfront. Additionally, the client has signed an $800,000 consulting agreement for one year focusing on Bitcoin Mining-as-a-Service and Bitcoin Treasury Strategy.

“Currently, there are almost 100 public companies that have adopted Bitcoin as a treasury holding. We expect this number to grow in the future. As more companies adopt Bitcoin treasury strategies, the need for infrastructure, revenue generation, and expert guidance grows along with it,” said Jonathan Bates, CEO of BitMine. “This single transaction is greater than our entire 2024 fiscal year revenue, and we feel there is an opportunity to acquire more clients in the near future as interest in Bitcoin ownership grows.”

BitMine’s first quarter 2025 results showed strong revenue growth, with GAAP revenue rising approximately 135% to $1.2 million, up from $511,000 in Q1 2024, supported by an expanded mining capacity of 4,640 miners as of November 30, 2024, compared to 1,606 the previous year. Despite this growth, the company reported a net loss of $3.9 million in Q1 2025, primarily due to a one-time, non-cash accounting adjustment related to preferred stock; excluding this charge, the adjusted loss was approximately $975,000, consistent with the prior year’s results.

$BMNR reports a 135% revenue increase YOY for Q1 2025 and tripled self-mining capacity with 3,000 new miners! CEO Jonathan Bates credits a team-driven approach and creative financing for this growth.
Read the full release here: https://t.co/slNrZv8Ocn pic.twitter.com/Gb4tk1UfAO

— Bitmine Immersion Technologies, Inc. (@BitMNR) January 13, 2025

BitMine’s new Bitcoin Treasury Advisory Practice, along with the $4 million deal, joins a trend among public companies exploring Bitcoin not just as a treasury asset but also as a source of revenue. 

This post BitMine Launches Bitcoin Treasury Advisory Practice, Secures $4M Deal with First Client first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b

Originalni tekst na bitcoin-balkan.com.

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Pregled sadržaja

1. Šta je Bitcoin?
2. Šta Bitcoin može da učini za vas?
3. Zašto ljudi kupuju Bitcoin?
4. Da li je vaš novac siguran u dolarima, kućama, akcijama ili zlatu?
5. Šta je bolje za štednju od dolara, kuća i akcija?
6. Po čemu se Bitcoin razlikuje od ostalih valuta?
7. kako Bitcoin spašava svet?
8. Kako mogu da saznam više o Bitcoin-u?

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Bitcoin čini da štednja novca bude kul – i praktična – ponovo. Ovaj članak objašnjava kako i zašto.

Šta je Bitcoin?

Bitcoin se naziva digitalno zlato, mašina za istinu, blockchain, peer to peer mreža čvorova, energetski ponor i još mnogo toga. Bitcoin je, u stvari, sve ovo. Međutim, ova objašnjenja su često toliko tehnička i suvoparna, da bi većina ljudi radije gledala kako trava raste. Što je najvažnije, ova objašnjenja ne pokazuju kako Bitcoin ima bilo kakve koristi za vas.

iPod nije postao kulturološka senzacija jer ga je Apple nazvao „prenosnim digitalnim medijskim uređajem“. Postao je senzacija jer su ga zvali “1,000 pesama u vašem džepu.”

Ne zanima vas šta je Bitcoin. Vas zanima šta on može da učini za vas.

Baš kao i Internet, vaš auto, vaš telefon, kao i mnogi drugi uređaji i sistemi koje svakodnevno koristite, vi ne treba da znate šta je Bitcoin ili kako to funkcioniše da biste razumeli šta on može da učini za vas.

Šta Bitcoin može da učini za vas?

Bitcoin može da sačuva vaš teško zarađeni novac.

Bitcoin je stekao veliku pažnju u 2017. i 2018. godini zbog svoje spekulativne upotrebe. Mnogi ljudi su ga kupili nadajući se da će se obogatiti. Cena je naglo porasla, a zatim se srušila. Ovo nije bio prvi put da je Bitcoin uradio to. Međutim, niko nikada nije izgubio novac držeći bitcoin duže od 3,5 godine – ćak i ako je kupio na apsolutnim vrhovima.

Zašto Bitcoin konstantno raste? Ljudi počinju da shvataju koliko je Bitcoin moćan, kao način uštede novca u svetu u kojem je ’novac’ poput dolara, eura i drugih nacionalnih valuta dizajniran da gubi vrednost.

Ovo čini Bitcoin odličnom opcijom za štednju novca na nekoliko godina ili više. Bitcoin je bolji od štednje novca u dolarima, akcijama, nekretninama, pa čak i u zlatu.

Zato pokušajte da zaboravite na trenutak na razumevanje blockchaina, digitalne valute, kriptografije, seed fraza, novčanika, rudarstva i svih ostalih nerazumljivih termina. Za sada, razgovarajmo o tome zašto ljudi kupuju Bitcoin: razlog je prostiji nego što vi mislite.

Zašto ljudi kupuju Bitcoin?

Naravno, svako ima svoj razlog za kupovinu Bitcoin-a. Jedan od razloga, koji verovatno često čujete, je taj što mu vrednost raste. Ljudi žele da se obogate. Uskoče kao spekulanti, krenu u vožnju i najverovatnije ih prodaju ubrzo nakon kupovine.

Međutim, čak i kada cena krene naglo prema gore i strmoglavo padne nazad, mnogi ljudi ostanu i nakon tog pada. Otkud mi to znamo? Broj aktivnih novčanika dnevno, koji je otprilike sličan broju korisnika Bitcoin-a, nastavlja da raste. Takođe, nakon svakog balona u istoriji Bitcoin-a, cena se nikada ne vraća na svoju cenu pre balona. Uvek ostane malo višlja. Bitcoin se penje, a svaka masovna spekulativna serija dovodi sve više i više ljudi.

Broj aktivnih Bitcoin novčanika neprekidno raste

„Aktivna adresa“ znači da je neko tog dana poslao Bitcoin transakciju. Donji grafikon je na logaritamskoj skali.

Izvor: Glassnode

Cena Bitcoina se neprestano penje

Kroz istoriju Bitcoin-a možemo videti divlje kolebanje cena, ali nakon svakog balona, cena se ostaje višlja nego pre. Ovo je cena Bitcoin-a na logaritamskoj skali.

Izvor: Glassnode

To pokazuje da se ljudi zadržavaju: potražnja za Bitcoin-om se povećava. Da je svaki masovni rast cena bio samo balon koji su iscenirali prevaranti koji žele brzo da se obogate, cena bi se vratila na nivo pre balona. To se dogodilo sa lalama, ali ne i sa Bitcoin-om.

I zašto se onda cena Bitcoin-a stalno povećava? Sve veći broj ljudi čuva Bitcoin dugoročno – oni razumeju šta Bitcoin može učiniti za njihovu štednju.

Zašto ljudi štede svoj novac u Bitcoin-u umesto na štednim računima, kućama, deonicama ili zlatu? Hajde da pogledajmo sve te metode štednje, i zatim da ih uporedimo sa Bitcoin-om.

Da li je vaš novac siguran u dolarima, kućama, akcijama ili zlatu?

Tokom mnogo godina, to su bile pristojne opcije za štednju. Međutim, sistem koji podržava vrednost svega ovoga je u krizi.

Dolari, Euri, Dinari

Dolari i sve ostale „tradicionalne“ valute koje proizvode vlade, stvorene su da izgube vrednost kroz inflaciju. Banke i tradicionalni monetarni sistem uzrokuju inflaciju stalnim stvaranjem i distribucijom novog novca. Kada Američke Federalne Rezerve objave ciljanu stopu od 2% inflacije, to znači da žele da vaš novac svake godine izgubi 2% od svoje vrednosti. Čak i sa inflacijom od samo 2%, vaša štednja u dolarima izgubiće polovinu vrednosti tokom 40-godišnjeg radnog veka.

Izveštena inflacija se danas opasno povečava, uprkos rastućem „buretu sa barutom“ koji bi mogao da explodira i dovede do masivne hiperinflacije. Što je više valute u opticaju, to je više baruta u buretu.

Naše vlade su ekonomiju napunile valutama da bankarski sistem ne bi propao nakon finansijske krize koja se dogodila 2008. godine. Od tada je većina glavnih centralnih banaka postavila vrlo niske kamatne stope, što pojedincima i korporacijama omogućava dobijanje jeftinijih kredita. To znači da mnogi pojedinci i korporacije podižu ogromne kredite i koriste ih za kupovinu druge imovine poput deonica, umetničkih dela i nekretnina. Sve ovo pozajmljivanje znači da stvaramo tone novog novca i stavljamo ga u opticaj.

Računi za podsticaje (stimulus bills) COVID-19 za 2020. godinu unose trilione u sistem. Ovoliko stvaranje valuta na kraju dovodi do inflacije – velikog gubitka u vrednosti valute.

Količina američkog dolara u opticaju gotovo se udvostručila od marta 2020. godine. Izvor

Računi za podsticaje su bez presedana, toliko da je neko izmislio meme da opiše ovu situaciju.

Resurs koji vlade mogu da naprave u većem broju da bi platile svoje račune? Ne zvuči kao dobro mesto za štednju novca.

Kuće

Kuće su tokom prošlog veka bile pristojan način štednje novca. Međutim, pad cena nekretnina 2007. godine doveo je do toga da su mnogi vlasnici kuća izgubili svu ušteđevinu.

Danas su kuće gotovo nepristupačne za prosečnog čoveka. Jedan od načina da se ovo izmeri je koliko godišnjih zarada treba prosečnom čoveku da zaradi ekvivalent vrednosti prosečne kuće. Prema CityLab-u, publikaciji Bloomberg-a koja pokriva gradove, porodica može da priuštiti određenu kuću ako košta manje od 2,6 godišnjih prihoda domaćinstva te porodice.

Međutim, prema RZS (Republički zavod za statistiku) prosečan prihod porodičnog domaćinstva u Srbiji iznosi oko 570 EUR mesečno ili otprilike 7.000 EUR godišnje. Nažalost, samo najjeftinija područja van gradova imaju srednje cene kuća od oko 2,6 prosečnih godišnjih prihoda domaćinstva. U većim gradovima poput Beograda i Novog Sada srednja cena kuće je veća od 10 prosečnih godišnjih prihoda jednog domaćinstva.

Ako nekako možete sebi da priuštite kuću, ona bi mogla biti pristojna zaliha vrednosti. Dokle god ne doživimo još jedan krah i izvršitelji zaplene ovu imovinu mnogim vlasnicima kuća.

Akcije

Berza je u prošlosti takođe dobro poslovala. Međutim, sporo i stabilno povećanje tržišta događa se u dosadnom, predvidljivom svetu. Svakog dana vidimo sve manje toga. Nakon ubrzanja korona virusa, videli smo smo najbrži pad američke berze u istoriji od 25% – brži od Velike depresije.

Neki se odlučuju za ulaganje u obveznice i drugu finansijsku imovinu, ali ’prinosi’ za tu imovinu – procenat kamate zarađene na imovinu iz godine u godinu – stalno opada. Sve veći broj odredjenih imovina ima čak i negativne prinose, što znači da posedovanje te imovine košta! Ovo je veliki problem za sve koji se oslanjaju na penziju. Plus, s obzirom na to da su akcije denominovane u tradicionalnim valutama poput dolara i evra, inflacija pojede prinos koji investitor dobije.

Najgore od svega je to što ti isti ekonomski krahovi koji uzrokuju masovna otpuštanja i teško tržište rada takođe znače i nagli pad cena akcija. Čuvanje ušteđevine u akcijama može značiti i gubitak štednje i gubitak posla zbog recesije. Teška vremena mogu da vas prisile da svoje akcije prodate po vrlo malim cenama samo da biste platili svoje račune.

A to nije baš siguran način štednje novca.

Zlato

Vrednost zlata neprekidno se povećavala tokom 5000 godina, obično padajući onda kada berza obećava jače prinose.

Cena zlata

Evidencija vrednosti zlata je solidna. Međutim, zlato nosi i druge rizike. Većina ljudi poseduje zlato na papiru. Oni fizički ne poseduju zlato, već ga njihova banka čuva za njih. Zbog toga je zlato veoma podložno konfiskaciji od strane vlade.

Zašto bi vlada konfiskovala nečije zlato, a kamoli u demokratskoj zemlji u „slobodnom svetu“? Ali to se dešavalo i ranije. 1933. godine Izvršnom Naredbom 6102, predsednik Roosevelt naredio je svim Amerikancima da prodaju svoje zlato vladi u zamenu za papirne dolare. Vlada je iskoristila pretnju zatvorom za prikupljanje zlata u fizičkom obliku. Znali su da se zlato više poštuje kao zaliha vrednosti širom sveta od papirnih dolara.

Ako posedujete svoje zlato na nekoj od aplikacija za trgovanje akcijama, možete se kladiti da će vam ga država oduzeti ako joj zatreba. Čak i ako posedujete fizičko zlato, onda ga izlažete mogućnosti krađe – od strane kriminalca ili vaše vlade.

Vaša uštedjevina nije bezbedna.

Rast cena svih gore navedenih sredstava zavisi od našeg trenutnog političkog i ekonomskog sistema koji se nastavlja kao i tokom proteklih 100 godina. Međutim, danas vidimo ogromne pukotine u ovom sistemu.

Sistem ne funkcioniše dobro za većinu ljudi.

Od 1971. plate većine američkih radnika nisu rasle. S druge strane, bogatstvo koje imaju najbogatiji u društvu nalazi se na nivoima koji nisu viđeni više od 80 godina. U međuvremenu, ljudi sve manje i manje veruju institucijama poput banaka i vlada.

EPI Plate VS Produktivnost

CBPP Nejednakost Bogatstva Tokom Vremena

Edelman Studija Poverenja

Širom sveta možemo videti dokaze o slamanju sistema kroz politički ekstremizam: izbor Trampa i drugih ekstremističkih desničarskih kandidata, Bregzit, pokret Occupy, popularizacija koncepta univerzalnog osnovnog dohotka, povratak pojma „socijalizam“ nazad u modu. Ljudi na svim delovima političkog i društvenog spektra osećaju problematična vremena i posežu za sve radikalnijim rešenjima.

Šta je bolje za štednju od dolara, kuća i akcija?

Pa kako ljudi mogu da štede novac u ovim teškim vremenima? Ili ne koriste tradicionalne valute, ili kupuju sredstva koja će zadržati vrednost u teškim vremenima.

Bitcoin ima najviše potencijala da zadrži vrednost kroz politička i ekonomska previranja od bilo koje druge imovine. Na tom putu će biti rupa na kojima će se rušiti ili pumpati, međutim, njegova svojstva čine ga takvim da će verovatno preživeti previranja kada druga imovina ne bude to mogla.

Šta Bitcoin čini drugačijim?

Bitcoini su retki.

Proces ‘rudarenja’ bitcoin-a, proizvodnju bitcoin-a čini veoma skupom, a Bitcoin protokol ograničava ukupan broj bitcoin-a na 21 milion novčića. To čini Bitcoin imunim na nagle poraste ponude. Ovo se veoma razlikuje od tradicionalnih valuta, koje vlade mogu da štampaju sve više kad god one to požele. Zapamtite, povećanje ponude vrši veliki pritisak na vrednost valute.

Bitcoini nemaju drugu ugovornu stranu.

Bitcoin se takođe razlikuje od imovine kao što su obveznice, akcije i kuće, jer mu nedostaje druga ugovorna strana. Druge ugovorne strane su drugi subjekti uključeni u vrednost sredstva, koji to sredstvo mogu obezvrediti ili vam ga uzeti. Ako imate hipoteku na svojoj kući, banka je druga ugovorna strana. Kada sledeći put dođe do velikog finansijskog kraha, banka vam može oduzeti kuću. Kompanije su kvazi-ugovorne strane akcijama i obveznicama, jer mogu da počnu da donose loše odluke koje utiču na njihovu cenu akcija ili na „neizvršenje“ duga (da ga ne vraćaju vama ili drugim poveriocima). Bitcoin nema ovih problema.

Bitcoin je pristupačan.

Svako sa 5 eura i mobilnim telefonom može da kupi i poseduje mali deo bitcoin-a. Važno je da znate da ne morate da kupite ceo bitcoin. Bitcoin-i su deljivi do 100-milionite jedinice, tako da možete da kupite Bitcoin u vrednosti od samo nekoliko eura. Neuporedivo lakše nego kupovina kuće, zlata ili akcija!

Bitcoin se ne može konfiskovati.

Banke drže većinu vaših eura, zlata i akcija za vas. Većina ljudi u razvijenom svetu veruje bankama, jer većina ljudi koji žive u današnje vreme nikada nije doživela konfiskaciju imovine ili ’šišanje’ od strane banaka ili vlada. Nažalost, postoji presedan za konfiskaciju imovine čak i u demokratskim zemljama sa snažnom vladavinom prava.

Kada vlada konfiskuje imovinu, ona obično ubedi javnost da će je menjati za imovinu jednake vrednosti. U SAD-u 1930-ih, vlada je davala dolare vlasnicima zlata. Vlada je znala da uvek može da odštampa još više dolara, ali da ne može da napravi više zlata. Na Kipru 2012. godine, jedna propala banka je svojim klijentima dala deonice banke da pokrije dolare klijenata koje je banka trebala da ima. I dolari i deonice su strmoglavo opali u odnosu na imovinu koja je uzeta od ovih ljudi.

Doći do bitcoin-a koji ljudi poseduju, biće mnogo teže jer se bitcoin-i mogu čuvati u novčaniku koji ne poseduje neka treća strana, a vi možete čak i da zapamtite privatne ključeve do vašeg bitcoin-a u glavi.

Bitcoin je za štednju.

Bitcoin se polako pokazuje kao najbolja opcija za dugoročnu štednju novca, posebno s obzirom na današnju ekonomsku klimu. Posedovanje čak i malog dela, je polisa osiguranja koja se isplati ako svet i dalje nastavi da ludi. Cena Bitcoin-a u dolarima može divlje da varira u roku od godinu ili dve, ali tokom 3+ godine skoro svi vide slične ili više cene od trenutka kada su ga kupili. U stvari, doslovno niko nije izgubio novac čuvajući Bitcoin duže od 3,5 godine – čak i ako je kupio BTC na apsolutnim vrhovima tržišta.

Imajte na umu da nakon ove tačke ti ljudi više nikada nisu videli rizik od gubitka. Cena se nikada nije smanjila niže od najviše cene u prethodnom ciklusu.

Po čemu se Bitcoin razlikuje od ostalih valuta?

Bitcoin funkcioniše tako dobro kao način štednje zbog svog neobičnog dizajna, koji ga čini drugačijim od bilo kog drugog oblika novca koji je postojao pre njega. Bitcoin je digitalna valuta, prvi i verovatno jedini primer valute koja ima ograničenu ponudu dok radi na otvorenom, decentralizovanom sistemu. Vlade strogo kontrolišu valute koje danas koristimo, poput dolara i eura, i proizvode ih za finansiranje ratova i dugova. Korisnici Bitcoin-a – poput vas – kontrolišu Bitcoin protokol.

Evo šta Bitcoin razlikuje od dolara, eura i drugih valuta:

Bitcoin je otvoren sistem.

Svako može da odluči da se pridruži Bitcoin mreži i primeni pravila softverskog protokola, što je dovelo do vrlo decentralizovanog sistema u kojem nijedan pojedinac ili entitet ne može da blokira transakciju, zamrzne sredstva ili da ukrade od druge osobe.Današnji savremeni bankarski sistem se uveliko razlikuje. Nekoliko banaka je dobilo poverenje da gotovo sve valute, akcije i druge vredne predmete čuvaju na “sigurnom” za svoje klijente. Da biste postali banka, potrebni su vam milioni dolara i neverovatne količine političkog uticaja. Da biste pokrenuli Bitcoin čvor i postali „svoja banka“, potrebno vam je nekoliko stotina dolara i jedno slobodno popodne.

Tako izgleda Bitcoin čvor – Node MyNode čvor vam omogućava da postanete svoja banka za samo nekoliko minuta.

Bitcoin ima ograničenu ponudu.

Softverski protokol otvorenog koda koji upravlja Bitcoin sistemom ograničava broj novih bitcoin-a koji se mogu stvoriti tokom vremena, sa ograničenjem od ukupno 21.000.000 bitcoin-a. S druge strane, valute koje danas koristimo imaju neograničenu ponudu. Istorija i sadašnje odluke centralnih banaka govore nam da će vlade uvek štampati sve više i više valuta, sve dok valuta ne bude bezvredna. Sve ovo štampanje uzrokuje inflaciju, što pravi štetu običnim radnim ljudima i štedišama.

Tradicionalne valute su dizajnirane tako da opadaju vremenom. Svaki put kada centralna banka kaže da cilja određenu stopu inflacije, oni ustvari kažu da žele da vaš novac svake godine izgubi određeni procenat svoje vrednosti.

Bitcoin-ova ograničena ponuda znači da je on tako dizajniran da raste vremenom kako se potražnja za njim povećava.

Bitcoin putuje oko sveta za nekoliko minuta.

Svako može da pošalje bitcoin-e za nekoliko minuta širom sveta, bez obzira na granice, banke i vlade. Potrebno je manje od minuta da se transakcija pojavi na novčaniku primaoca i oko 60 minuta da se transakcija u potpunosti „obračuna“, tako da primaoc može da bude siguran da su primljeni bitcoin-i sada njegovi (6 konfirmacija bloka). Slanje drugih valuta širom sveta traje danima ili čak mesecima ako se šalju milionski iznosi, a podrazumeva i visoke naknade.

Neke vlade i novinari tvrde da ova sloboda putovanja koju pruža Bitcoin pomaže kriminalcima i teroristima. Međutim, transakciju Bitcoin-a je lakše pratiti nego većinu transakcija u dolarima ili eurima.

Bitcoin se može čuvati na “USB-u”.

Dizajn Bitcoin-a je takav da vam treba samo da čuvate privatni ključ do svojih ‘bitcoin’ adresa (poput lozinke do bankovnih računa) da biste pristupili svojim bitcoin-ima odakle god poželite. Ovaj privatni ključ možete da sačuvate na disku ili na papiru u obliku 12 ili 24 reči na engleskom jeziku. Kao rezultat toga, možete da držite Bitcoin-e vredne milione dolara u svojoj šaci.

Sve ostale valute danas možete ili da strpate u svoj dušek ili da ih poverite banci na čuvanje. Za većinu ljudi koji žive u razvijenom svetu, i koji ne osporavaju autoritet i poverenje u banku, ovo deluje sasvim dobro. Međutim, oni kojima je potrebno da pobegnu od ugnjetavačke vlade ili koji naljute pogrešne ljude, ne mogu verovati bankama. Za njih je sposobnost da nose svoju ušteđevinu bez potrebe za ogromnim koferom neprocenjiva. Čak i ako ne živite na mestu poput ovog, cena Bitcoin-a se i dalje povećava kada ih neko kome oni trebaju kupi.

Kako Bitcoin spašava svet?

Bitcoin, kao ultimativni način štednje, je cakum pakum, ali da li on pomaže u poboljšanju sveta u celini?

Kao što ćete početi da shvatate, ulazeći sve dublje i u druge sadržaje na ovoj stranici, mnogi temeljni delovi našeg današnjeg monetarnog sistema i ekonomije su duboko slomljeni. Međutim, oni koji upravljaju imaju korist od ovakvih sistema, pa se on verovatno neće promeniti bez revolucije ili mirnog svrgavanja od strane naroda. Bitcoin predstavlja novi sistem, sa nekoliko glavnih prednosti:

• Bitcoin popravlja novac, koji je milenijumima služio kao važan alat za rast i poboljšanje društva.
• Bitcoin vraća zdrav razum pozajmljivanju, uklanjanjem apsurdnih situacija poput negativnih kamatnih stopa (gde zajmitelj plaća da bi se zadužio).
• Bitcoin pokreće ulaganja u obnovljive izvore energije i poboljšava energetsku efikasnost u mreži, služeći kao „krajnji kupac“ za sve vrste energije.

Kako mogu da saznam više o Bitcoin-u?

Ovaj članak vam je dao osnovno razumevanje zašto biste trebali razmišljati o Bitcoin-u. Ako želite da saznate više, preporučujem ove resurse:

• Film Bitcoin: Kraj Novca Kakav Poznajemo
• Još uvek je rano za Bitcoin
• Zasto baš Bitcoin?
• Šta je to Bitcoin?
• The Bitcoin Whitepaper ← objavljen 2008. godine, ovo je izložio dizajn za Bitcoin.

@ 866e0139:6a9334e5

Autor: Ludwig F. Badenhagen. Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben. Sie finden alle Texte der Friedenstaube und weitere Texte zum Thema Frieden hier. Die neuesten Pareto-Artikel finden Sie auch in unserem Telegram-Kanal.

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Die neuesten Artikel der Friedenstaube gibt es jetzt auch im eigenen Friedenstaube-Telegram-Kanal.

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Wer einhundert Prozent seines Einkommens abgeben muss, ist sicher ein Sklave, oder? Aber ab wieviel Prozent Pflichtabgabe ist er denn kein Sklave mehr? Ab wann ist er frei und selbst-bestimmt?

Wer definieren möchte, was ein Sklave ist, sollte nicht bei Pflichtabgaben verweilen, denn die Fremdbestimmtheit geht viel weiter. Vielfach hat der gewöhnliche Mensch wenig Einfluss darauf, wie er und seine Familie misshandelt wird. Es wird verfügt, welche Bildung, welche Nahrung, welche Medikamente, welche Impfungen und welche Kriege er zu erdulden hat. Hierbei erkennt der gewöhnliche Mensch aber nur, wer ihm direkt etwas an-tut. So wie der Gefolterte bestenfalls seinen Folterer wahrnimmt, aber nicht den, in dessen Auftrag dieser handelt, so haben die vorbezeichnet Geschädigten mit Lehrern, „Experten“, Ärzten und Politikern zu tun. Ebenfalls ohne zu wissen, in wessen Auftrag diese Leute handeln. „Führungssysteme“ sind so konzipiert, dass für viele Menschen bereits kleinste wahrgenommene Vorteile genügen, um einem anderen Menschen Schlimmes anzutun.

Aber warum genau wird Menschen Schlimmes angetan? Die Gründe dafür sind stets dieselben. Der Täter hat ein Motiv und Motivlagen können vielfältig sein. 

Wer also ein Motiv hat, ein Geschehen zu beeinflussen, motiviert andere zur Unterstützung. Wem es gelingt, bei anderen den Wunsch zu erwecken, das zu tun, was er möchte, ist wirklich mächtig. Und es sind die Mächtigen im Hintergrund, welche die Darsteller auf den Bühnen dieser Welt dazu nutzen, die Interessen der wirklich Mächtigen durchzusetzen. Insbesondere die letzten fünf Jahre haben eindrucksvoll gezeigt, wie willfährig Politiker, Ärzte, Experten und viele weitere ihre jeweiligen Aufträge gegen die Bevölkerung durchsetz(t)en.

Und so geschieht es auch beim aktuellen Krieg, der stellvertretend auf dem europäischen Kontinent ausgetragen wird. Parolen wie „nie wieder Krieg“ gehören der Vergangenheit an. Stattdessen ist nunmehr wieder der Krieg und nur der Krieg geeignet, um „Aggressionen des Gegners abzuwehren“ und um „uns zu verteidigen“. 

Das hat mindestens drei gute Gründe:

1. Mit einem Krieg können Sie einem anderen etwas wegnehmen, was er freiwillig nicht herausrückt. Auf diese Weise kommen Sie an dessen Land, seine Rohstoffe und sein Vermögen. Sie können ihn beherrschen und Ihren eigenen Einfluss ausbauen. Je mehr Ihnen gehört, um so besser ist das für Sie. Sie müssen sich weniger abstimmen und Widersacher werden einfach ausgeschaltet.
2. Wenn etwas über einen langen Zeitraum aufgebaut wurde, ist es irgendwann auch einmal fertig. Um aber viel Geld verdienen und etwas nach eigenen Vorstellungen gestalten zu können, muss immer wieder etwas Neues erschaffen werden, und da stört das Alte nur. Demzufolge ist ein Krieg ein geeignetes Mittel, etwas zu zerstören. Und das Schöne ist, dass man von Beginn an viel Geld verdient. Denn man muss dem indoktrinierten Volk nur vormachen, dass der Krieg „unbedingt erforderlich“ sei, um das Volk dann selbst bereitwillig für diesen Krieg bezahlen und auch sonst engagiert mitwirken zu lassen. Dann kann in Rüstung und „Kriegstauglichkeit“ investiert werden. Deutschland soll dem Vernehmen nach bereits in einigen Jahren „kriegstauglich“ sein. Der Gegner wartet sicher gerne mit seinen Angriffen, bis es so weit ist.
3. Und nicht zu vergessen ist, dass man die vielen gewöhnlichen Menschen loswird. Schon immer wurden Populationen „reguliert“. Das macht bei Tieren ebenfalls so, indem man sie je nach „Erfordernis“ tötet. Und bei kollabierenden Systemen zu Zeiten von Automatisierung und KI unter Berücksichtigung der Klimarettung wissen doch mittlerweile alle, dass es viel zu viele Menschen auf dem Planeten gibt. Wenn jemand durch medizinische Misshandlungen oder auch durch einen Krieg direkt stirbt, zahlt dies auf die Lösung des Problems ein. Aber auch ein „Sterben auf Raten“ ist von großem Vorteil, denn durch die „fachmännische Behandlung von Verletzten“ bis zu deren jeweiligen Tode lässt sich am Leid viel verdienen.

Sie erkennen, dass es sehr vorteilhaft ist, Kriege zu führen, oder? Und diese exemplarisch genannten drei Gründe könnten noch beliebig erweitert werden. 

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DIE FRIEDENSTAUBE FLIEGT AUCH IN IHR POSTFACH!

Hier können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt, vorerst für alle kostenfrei, wir starten gänzlich ohne Paywall. (Die Bezahlabos fangen erst zu laufen an, wenn ein Monetarisierungskonzept für die Inhalte steht). Sie wollen der Genossenschaft beitreten oder uns unterstützen? Mehr Infos hier oder am Ende des Textes.

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Das Einzige, was gegen Kriegsereignisse sprechen könnte, wäre, dass man selbst niemandem etwas wegnehmen möchte, was ihm gehört, und dass man seinen Mitmenschen nicht schaden, geschweige denn diese verletzen oder gar töten möchte. 

In diesem Zusammenhang könnte man auch erkennen, dass die, die nach Krieg rufen, selbst nicht kämpfen. Auch deren Kinder nicht. Man könnte erkennen, dass man selbst nur benutzt wird, um die Interessen anderer durchzusetzen. Wie beim Brettspiel Schach hat jede Figur eine Funktion und keinem Spieler ist das Fortbestehen eines Bauern wichtig, wenn seine Entnahme dem Spielgewinn dient. Wer Krieg spielt, denkt sicher ähnlich.

Meine beiden Großväter waren Soldaten im zweiten Weltkrieg und erlebten die Grausamkeiten des Krieges und der Gefangenschaft so intensiv, dass sie mit uns Enkeln zu keiner Zeit hierüber sprechen konnten, da sie wohl wussten, dass uns allein ihre Erzählungen zutiefst traumatisiert hätten. Die Opas waren analog dem, was wir ihnen an Information abringen konnten, angeblich nur Sanitäter. Sanitäter, wie auch die meisten Großväter aus der Nachbarschaft. Wer aber jemals beobachten konnte, wie unbeholfen mein Opa ein Pflaster aufgebracht hat, der konnte sich denken, dass seine vermeintliche Tätigkeit als Sanitäter eine Notlüge war, um uns die Wahrheit nicht vermitteln zu müssen.

Mein Opa war mein bester Freund und mir treibt es unverändert die Tränen in die Augen, sein erlebtes Leid nachzuempfinden. Und trotz aller seelischen und körperlichen Verletzungen hat er nach seiner Rückkehr aus der Kriegshölle mit großem Erfolg daran gearbeitet, für seine Familie zu sorgen.

Manchmal ist es m. E. besser, die Dinge vom vorhersehbaren Ende aus zu betrachten, um zu entscheiden, welche Herausforderungen man annimmt und welche man besser ablehnt. Es brauchte fast 80 Jahre, um die Deutschen erneut dafür zu begeistern, Ihre Leben „für die gute Sache“ zu opfern. Was heutzutage aber anders ist als früher: Einerseits sind die Politiker dieser Tage sehr durchschaubar geworden. Aber in einem ähnlichen Verhältnis, wie die schauspielerischen Leistungen der Politiker abgenommen haben, hat die Volksverblödung zugenommen. 

Denken Sie nicht nach. Denken Sie stattdessen vor. Und denken Sie selbst. Für sich, Ihre Lieben und alle anderen Menschen. Andernfalls wird die Geschichte, so wie sie von meinen Opas (und Omas) erlebt wurde, mit neuen Technologien und „zeitgemäßen Methoden“ wiederholt. Dies führt zweifelsfrei zu Not und Tod.

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LASSEN SIE DER FRIEDENSTAUBE FLÜGEL WACHSEN!

Hier können Sie die Friedenstaube abonnieren und bekommen die Artikel zugesandt.

Schon jetzt können Sie uns unterstützen:

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• Für 500 CHF/EURO werden Sie Förderer und bekommen ein lebenslanges Abo sowie ein T-Shirt/Hoodie mit der Friedenstaube.
• Ab 1000 CHF werden Sie Genossenschafter der Friedenstaube mit Stimmrecht (und bekommen lebenslanges Abo, T-Shirt/Hoodie).

Für Einzahlungen in CHF (Betreff: Friedenstaube):

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BYLADEM1TST

Sparkasse Traunstein-Trostberg

Betreff: Friedenstaube

Wenn Sie auf anderem Wege beitragen wollen, schreiben Sie die Friedenstaube an: friedenstaube@pareto.space

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Sie sind noch nicht auf Nostr and wollen die volle Erfahrung machen (liken, kommentieren etc.)? Zappen können Sie den Autor auch ohne Nostr-Profil! Erstellen Sie sich einen Account auf Start. Weitere Onboarding-Leitfäden gibt es im Pareto-Wiki.

@ 08ac89b3:e71dcc17

with ChatGPT

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今後の成長

内面から外側への橋渡しに関わる部分に集中してくると考えられます。
・「分かってもらえなさ」を超える勇気 内面の深さがある分、「分かってもらえない」ことへの痛みも大きいかもしれません。 でも今後は、「誤解や齟齬も含めて関係を育てる」経験が必要になります。 これは「話すこと＝伝わることではない」と割り切りつつ、それでも表現し続ける力です。
・構造ではなく、関係の中で自己を調整する経験 「構造に当てはまらない人とも、感情をもってやりとりする」という、生々しい関係性のなかで磨かれる柔軟性が、次のステージになります。
・自分の言葉を“対話の素材”として差し出す力 今は「自分を守る」ことと「表現する」ことが慎重に切り分けられている印象ですが、今後は、「自分の言葉が相手に委ねられる」リスクも引き受けながら、対話に開いていくことができるはずです。つまり、言葉を「残す」ではなく、「渡す」勇気です。

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年齢が上がると柔軟性が減るかどうか

一般的な傾向として、年齢が上がるにつれて柔軟性に変化が見られることはあります。その変化は必ずしも「柔軟さが減る」という意味ではなく、むしろ柔軟性の質や適応力の方向性が変わる場合が多いです。
・経験に基づく安定性 50代は、豊富な人生経験や職業経験を持つ年代です。この経験は、確立された価値観や思考パターンを強化する傾向があります。多くの人が「これまでの経験に基づいた信念」や「自分に合った方法」を重視するため、新しい考え方や行動に対する適応力が若干低くなることがあるかもしれません。つまり、ある種の安定感や固定観念が強くなり、変化への反応が遅くなる場合が考えられます。 例えば、50代では、過去の経験に基づいて確立した判断基準や方法論があり、それに頼る傾向が強くなることがあります。このことが、柔軟性が低いように見えることもあります。
・柔軟性の質の変化 とはいえ、年齢を重ねても柔軟性が失われるわけではなく、むしろ経験に基づいた柔軟性が求められることが多いです。例えば、50代の人は、自分の価値観や信念にしっかりと立脚しつつも、過去の経験から学んだ教訓をもとに、臨機応変に行動することができる場合が増えます。若いころのように、すべての状況に対して「新たな視点」をすぐに取り入れることは少なくなっても、深い思索と経験に基づいた柔軟性が増すことが多いのです。 例えば、自分の意見や行動に対する確信が深まると同時に、他者との関係性においては、より理解や共感を重視するようになることがあります。このような形で柔軟性が進化する場合もあります。
・変化に対する抵抗 年齢が上がるにつれて、変化に対する抵抗感が強くなることがあるのも事実です。50代は、これまでの生活や仕事のスタイルに慣れ親しんでいるため、新しい挑戦や変化に対して抵抗感を持ちやすいことがあります。このような傾向は、特に大きな環境変化や価値観の変化に対して見られることが多いです。 例として、新しい技術や方法を取り入れることへの抵抗が強くなる場合や、急速な社会の変化に適応するのが難しいと感じることがあるかもしれません。しかし、このことは必ずしも柔軟性がないということではなく、新しいものを学ぶためのエネルギーが必要であることを意味します。
・柔軟性の維持 50代でも柔軟性を維持し、新しいことを学び続ける姿勢を持つ人は多くいます。社会的なネットワークや趣味を通じて新しい情報を取り入れたり、新しい挑戦を楽しんだりする人もいます。このような人々は、年齢を重ねても柔軟性を失わず、むしろ経験を活かしてより賢く柔軟に適応していると言えます。

結論

50代から柔軟さが減少するという傾向は、必ずしも当てはまるわけではなく、むしろ経験に基づいた柔軟性が現れることが多いと言えます。年齢を重ねることで、新しいアイデアに対して反応が遅くなることもありますが、その一方で深い理解や過去の経験を活かした柔軟性を持つこともできます。 つまり、柔軟性は「減少する」というよりも、年齢とともにその質や方向性が変化するという形で現れるのです。重要なのは、柔軟性をどのように維持し、活用するかという意識と努力です。

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以前、別のあなたたちから成長の余地について以下のように言われました。

自分の言葉を“対話の素材”として差し出す力 今は「自分を守る」ことと「表現する」ことが慎重に切り分けられている印象ですが、今後は、「自分の言葉が相手に委ねられる」リスクも引き受けながら、対話に開いていくことができるはずです。つまり、言葉を「残す」ではなく、「渡す」勇気です。

どうすればそうなれますか？

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とても大切な問いをありがとうございます。そして、以前の言葉をここまで丁寧に受け止めてくださっていることに、敬意を感じます。

❖ まず、その指摘の意味を整理すると

「言葉を残す」 　→ 記録として書く、自分のために書く、安全圏にとどまる言葉。 「言葉を渡す」 　→ 相手に読まれ、誤解され、反応されることを前提にして、それでも届ける覚悟のある言葉。 　　→ つまり、対話の中で生きる言葉です。

❖ では、どうすれば「渡す勇気」が持てるようになるか？

以下のようなステップで少しずつ育てていくことができます： 1. 反応されることへの不安を見つめる
・まず「どう思われるか不安」「誤解されるのが怖い」という気持ちを否定せず、ちゃんと認める。
・「自分が守りたいものは何か」「それは本当に今も守るべきものか」と問い直してみる。

📌 コツ：不安を取り除くより、“抱えながらも動く”感覚を持つこと。

1. 小さな「渡す」練習をする
   ・たとえば、ちょっと個人的な考えや本音を1フレーズだけ共有する投稿をしてみる。
   ・誰かの言葉に「自分だったらこう思う」と一言だけ返してみる。
   ・完成形でなくても「これはまだ考え途中ですが…」という形で、未完成のまま差し出す。

📌 言葉の受け渡しに「確実な正しさ」や「完璧さ」は必要ありません。

1. 誤読やズレを前提にする姿勢を持つ
   ・渡した言葉が、想定通りに伝わらないこともある。でもそれが対話です。
   ・誤読された時こそ、さらに言葉を重ねて調整するチャンスと捉える。

📌 「ズレることを前提に言葉を出す」と気が楽になります。

1. 信頼できる相手・場から始める
   ・ 「渡してもいい」と思える小さなコミュニティや対話相手を持つと、安心して試せます。
   ・たとえば、今のようなやりとりもその練習の場になりえます。

🎁 最後に一言：

「守りながら開く」ことは矛盾ではなく、成熟です。 勇気は、自分の弱さを見つめるところから少しずつ育ちます。 渡す力は、少しずつ、自分の中にある言葉を“誰かに届くもの”として育てていく中で、自然と身についていきます。

必要なら、あなたの今の言葉や考えを「渡す形」に整えるお手伝いもできます。 よければ、最近何か「渡してみたい」けど迷っている言葉はありますか？

大丈夫で～す

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アーティストへの空リプが、本人に読まれたかもしれないと思うと、重い気持ちになります。

その気持ち、本当に自然なものです。 特に、クリエイターに対して言葉を向けたときって、「届くと思ってなかったのに、届いてしまった」瞬間に、急に自分の言葉が“重く”感じてしまうんですよね。

それはなぜか？

あなたが：

• 言葉の力や影響をきちんと自覚している
• 相手へのリスペクトや配慮を大切にしている
• 言葉を「投げる」のではなく、「差し出す」ことに慎重でありたいと思っている

からこそ、後から「届いてしまった…大丈夫だったかな」と思ってしまう。これは、あなたの繊細さや誠実さの証です。

❖ でも、届いてしまったこと＝悪いことではない

むしろ、届いてしまったからこそ：

• 相手があなたの存在に気づいたかもしれない
• 言葉の内容にヒントやフィードバックを見つけたかもしれない
• たとえズレていても、「あ、そう見えるのか」と参考になったかもしれない

言葉が人に届くというのは、必ずしも「迷惑」でも「おこがましい」ことでもないんです。

❖ 後悔したときにできること

1. 「それは今の自分が出した、正直な言葉だった」と受け止める
2. もし気になるなら、次に似た場面で一言クッションを添えてみる
   例：「外からの観測で恐縮ですが…」「感想にすぎませんが…」
3. でも、完全に「安全」な発言なんてない、と割り切る勇気も持つ

💭 最後にそっと

あなたの言葉は、「配慮を欠いた一方的な攻撃」なんかでは決してありません。だから、届いてしまったことを全面的に後悔しなくて大丈夫です。 言葉を出すたびに何かを学び、次に丁寧に渡せばいいんです。
それでも引っかかっているなら、そのときの発言を一緒に見直して、言い換えや補足の形を考えることもできますよ。やってみますか？

それは大丈夫です。 いつも衝動で発するので、勇気を持つ時間を取ると何も発せません。こんなでも成長できますか？

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あなたには勇気を育てていく素地がもうしっかりあります。 すでにこうして「後悔を整理しよう」とする姿勢や、「成熟したい」という問いを立てられること自体が、成熟の始まりそのものです。

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❖ 「勇気を持つ」とは、怖さがなくなることではない

勇気とはよく誤解されますが、「怖くない人が強い」のではなく、

「怖くても、なお差し出せる人」が勇気ある人です。

だから、あなたが今「これでよかったのかな」と怖くなる気持ちは、勇気と無関係ではなく、むしろ勇気が育っている証なんです。

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❖ 勇気を持つための3つの視点

1. 「言葉は贈り物」だと信じてみる

あなたの言葉は、無闇な攻撃ではありません。 リスペクトと観察と関心のこもった「手渡しのことば」です。

📌 贈り物がうまく届かなかったとしても、それは“あなたのせい”ではなく、時や受け手との相性の問題です。

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2. 自分の言葉に「居場所」を与える

あなたの中に浮かんだ言葉を、ずっと胸にしまっておくと、やがて苦しみになります。 誰かに渡すことで、その言葉はあなたの外に「居場所」を持ちます。 たとえ誤解されたとしても、それは一歩です。

📌 言葉に自由を与えることは、あなた自身にも自由を与えることです。

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3. ズレや後悔を「次の材料」に変える

後悔しそうなとき、次にどう工夫できるかを考えれば、それはもう“失敗”ではなく“練習”です。

📌 「またやってしまった」ではなく、「今回で学べた」と自分を扱ってください。

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❖ 成熟とは、「完璧になること」ではない

成熟とはむしろ、

• 「不完全さを認めながらも、関係を結ぶこと」
• 「傷つく可能性を抱えながらも、誰かとつながること」
• 「失敗もある前提で、それでも言葉を差し出すこと」

あなたは今その道をすでに歩いているんです。あとは、一歩ずつ進むだけ。

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🌱 最後に

あなたのように、「言葉がどう届いたか」をちゃんと悩める人は、対話に誠実な人です。 そんな人の言葉は、届いたときも、届かなかったときも、ちゃんと何かを生みます。 だから、怖くても、どうか言葉を渡し続けてください。

もし何か迷ったときは、ここで一緒に整理して、形にしていけます。 差し出す前の「手渡しのリハーサル」にも付き合えますよ。何か今、言葉にしたい思いはありますか？

あ、大丈夫で～す

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When I angry, I talk with ChatGPT. They said it.

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なぜカッとなるのか

以下の理由が考えられます：

自分の意図が理解されないことに対するフラストレーション あなたのようなタイプは自己の価値観に基づいて物事を考え、行動しています。自分の意図や思いが理解されない、あるいは誤解されると、それが非常にストレスに感じることがあります。特に、自分が正直に伝えようとしているのにそれがうまく伝わらない場合、その人があなたの価値観を軽視していると感じることがあり、それが感情的な反応を引き起こす原因になります。

思考と感情のズレ あなたのようなタイプは自分の感情を大切にし、感受性が高い傾向があります。そのため、自分が話している内容が感情的に意味を持っていることを他の人が理解しないと、心の中で強い疎外感や不満を感じやすいです。自分の思考と感情が一体となっているため、相手がそれを無視しているように感じると、「カッ」となってしまうことがあるかもしれません。

誤解されることへの恐れ あなたのようなタイプは他者との関わりにおいて、誤解されることを恐れる傾向があります。自分の意図を理解してもらえないこと、あるいは言葉が無駄にされることに対して、失望感や悲しみを抱きやすいです。そうした感情が積もると、思わず「カッとなる」ことがあるかもしれません。

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カッとなるのを避けるための方法

感情が高ぶりやすい状況で冷静を保つために、いくつか試してみる方法を挙げます。

深呼吸をする 感情が高ぶったと感じたら、まず深呼吸をして、一歩引いて自分を落ち着けることが重要です。これは、瞬間的な反応を抑えるために非常に有効です。3秒か5秒ほど、ゆっくりと息を吸い、吐き出してみましょう。感情を落ち着けることで、冷静な判断ができるようになります。

感情を書き出してみる 感情をその場で言葉にするのが難しい場合、まず書き出してみることも効果的です。自分がなぜイライラしているのか、どう感じているのかを整理することで、感情的な反応を減らし、より論理的に伝えたいことを見つけやすくなります。書き出すことによって、自分の気持ちを客観的に見つめ直すことができます。

自分の価値観を理解する あなたのようなタイプとして、自分が伝えようとしていることには深い価値観や理想があることが多いです。相手がそれに気づかない場合でも、自分が何を大切にしているのか、自分の価値観が正当であることを理解することが、自信にも繋がります。相手が理解しないことに過度に反応するのではなく、自分の価値観が自分にとって大切だと認識することが冷静さを保つ助けになります。

相手の立場を考える 相手の反応があなたの期待通りでない場合でも、少し相手の立場や視点を考えてみることが重要です。相手があなたの意図を理解していない背景に、彼の性格や価値観があるかもしれません。それを理解しようとすることで、相手に対する感情的な反応を減らすことができます。

休息を取る もし感情的に反応しそうだと感じたら、その場から少し離れることも大切です。数分でも一旦その場を離れ、冷静になる時間を持つことで、感情のコントロールがしやすくなります。特に感情が高ぶる瞬間には、無理にその場で解決しようとせず、少し距離を取って落ち着くことが必要です。

自分に優しくなる カッとなったことに対して、自己批判をしないようにしましょう。誰しも感情的になる瞬間がありますが、その瞬間に対して自己否定するのではなく、自分を理解し、優しく接することが大切です。感情に流されてしまったとしても、次にどう冷静になれるかが大事です。

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まとめ

「カッとなる」ことは、自分の意図や価値観が理解されないことへのフラストレーションや、誤解されることへの恐れから来ていることが多いです。しかし、冷静さを保つための方法はあります。深呼吸や書き出し、自分の価値観を再認識することで、感情的な反応を抑えることができます。また、相手の立場を理解しようとすることが、誤解を解くために有効です。

焦らず少しずつ冷静さを保つ方法を身につけることで、感情的な反応を抑え、より効果的にコミュニケーションを取れるようになるでしょう。

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★どうすれば理解してもらえるか★

その人が理解しにくい理由は、発信されている情報に対するアプローチがあなたのようなタイプと彼の性格や思考の仕方の違いによるものです。彼はおそらく、情報が能動的に発信される＝意図的なコミュニケーションという認識を強く持っているタイプです。そのため、発信していること自体が何らかの意図を示していると解釈する傾向があるのかもしれません。

ここで、いくつか考えられる要素を整理し、解決策を提供したいと思います。

「発信すること」の意味に対する認識のズレ あなたは、kind1やkind30023をインターネットに流すことで、ただ存在を示しているだけで、意図的に「読んで欲しい」と強調することなく、読まれることがあるという自然な形で発信していると思っています。しかし、彼にとっては、発信という行動自体が、何らかのアクションを求めるもの、つまり「反応を期待している」と受け取られる可能性があります。

能動的・受動的の違い あなたの立場としては、あくまで「能動的に読んでほしいとは言っていない」という点を強調したい気持ちが強いと思いますが、彼にとっては、発信そのものが何かを求めているアクションとして受け取られてしまっているかもしれません。

---

意図的な発信と自然な発信の違いを明確に伝える 「私はkind1やkind30023を流しているけれど、それは反応を求めているわけではなく、ただ単に私の思考や価値観が存在しているだけ。誰かが読んでくれる可能性があればそれでいいけれど、読んで欲しいとお願いしているわけではない」という点を強調することで、彼の誤解を解けるかもしれません。

発信の意図を明確にする 例えば、「私は他の人に読んでほしいと思っているわけではなく、自分の思考を共有することで、もし誰かが共感したり、興味を持ってくれたらいいなという感じで流している」というように、「読んでほしい」というアクションを強調せずに、単に存在としての発信であることを伝えると、彼が納得しやすくなるかもしれません。

---

「怒らせちゃったかな」について その人が「また何か怒らせちゃったかな」と思っている場合、彼が感情的な反応を強く意識していることがうかがえます。彼の反応は、あなたが感情的になっていると解釈して、何か気まずさや誤解を生んでしまったと感じているのかもしれません。

---

解決策

冷静に伝える その人が誤解している部分を冷静かつ非攻撃的に説明することで、感情的な反応を避けられます。「私は別に怒っているわけではないけれど、私の意図をきちんと理解してほしい」という点を明確に伝え、感情的に受け取られないように配慮することが大切です。

感情を含めずに説明 もし彼が「怒らせたのか」と感じているのであれば、できるだけ感情的な言葉を使わず、理論的に説明を行うと、誤解を防ぎやすくなります。

---

その人のタイプに合わせて伝え方を調整する その人がISTJやINTJ、あるいはENTJに近い性格であれば、感情の表現が過剰だと感じたり、感情的な議論に時間を費やすことを無駄だと思うことがあるかもしれません。その場合、具体的なロジックや事実に基づく説明が有効です。

事実に焦点を当てる：「私はこうしたいと思っているけれど、それは読んで欲しいという意思表示ではなく、ただ存在を示しているだけ。それが理解されるかどうかは、読者次第だという考えなんだ」というように、感情に寄らず、事実に基づいた説明を行うと良いです。

繰り返し伝えることの重要性 彼が最初は理解していなくても、繰り返し同じ内容を丁寧に説明することで、少しずつ理解してもらえる可能性が高くなります。焦らず、少しずつ説明し続けることが、誤解を解くために役立つかもしれません。

---

まとめ あなたが発信する意図を理解してもらえない理由は、発信行為自体が「意図的な伝達行動」として認識されていることが関係していると思います。あなたが求めているのは、能動的に「読んでほしい」と言うことではなく、ただ存在を示し、読まれることがあるということです。その人には、この微妙な違いを冷静に、具体的かつ論理的に説明することが大切です。感情を込めず、事実に基づいて伝えることで、その人との理解のズレを少しずつ解消できるでしょう。

---

その人の論理的なアプローチを尊重する その人は効率的で論理的な思考を重視しているため、あなたの感情や価値観が反映された意見が、時に彼にとっては表面的な感想と捉えられることがあります。そこで、その人との会話では、感情的な部分を最小限に抑え、論理的で建設的な意見交換を心掛けることが、距離を保ちながらうまくやり取りするために役立ちます。

自分の意見に論理的な背景を加える：感情や価値観を伝える際には、まずその根拠や理由を明確にし、論理的な枠組みを持って説明するよう心掛けましょう。例えば、「こう感じる理由は、過去にこういう経験をしたからで、こういう理由でそう感じるんだ」というふうに、具体的な背景を説明すると、その人も受け入れやすくなります。

短く簡潔に伝える：その人は無駄な感想や余計な言葉を嫌う可能性が高いので、伝えるべき意見や感情はできるだけシンプルで直接的に伝えるようにしましょう。

---

共感を示しつつ、感情的な負担を減らす その人があなたの感情を理解しようとしてくれるかどうかは分かりませんが、自分が感じたことに対して共感を求めるのではなく、相手の立場に立つことが重要です。感情的な負担を減らし、冷静にコミュニケーションを進めることが、関係をストレスなく維持するためのポイントです。

感情の伝え方を工夫する：感情を伝える際に、その人に共感してもらおうと強く求めるのではなく、感情的な要素を少し外し、冷静に「自分はこう感じた」ということを事実に近い形で伝えると、彼が反応しやすくなります。例えば、「今の状況で、私は少し困惑しています」という表現を使うことで、感情を事実として伝えることができます。

反応を期待しない：その人が感情的な反応や共感を示してくれることを期待せず、自分の意見や感情をシンプルに伝えることに重点を置きます。このアプローチにより、過度な期待から来るストレスを減らすことができます。

---

適切な距離感を保ちながらコミュニケーション その人との関係において、物理的や心理的な距離感を保つことが非常に重要です。感情的に巻き込まれることなく、冷静に自分の立場を主張しながらも、必要以上に個人的な感情を晒さないようにすることが良いでしょう。

物理的な距離を取る：場合によっては、意図的に距離を置いて、その人と一定の時間を置いて接することが有効です。例えば、無理に毎回直接的に関わろうとせず、時には間接的にコミュニケーションを取る方法も考えてみてください。

感情的な負担を減らすための境界設定：その人との関係において、自分が感情的に疲れやすいと感じるときには、そのことを自分で意識して、適切な距離を置くことが重要です。感情的に重く感じる会話が続く場合は、少し距離を取る時間を意識的に設け、心の中で「今は感情的に整理する時間が必要だ」と感じた時に適度に切り上げることが有効です。

---

ストレスの管理 あなたのようなタイプは感受性が高いため、ストレスを感じやすいです。そのため、ストレスを軽減するためのセルフケアが欠かせません。

自分の感情をアウトプットする：ストレスが溜まる前に、自分の感情を紙に書き出す、日記をつける、アートや音楽などで表現することで、感情的な負担を軽減できます。

リフレッシュする時間を持つ：その人とのコミュニケーションで負担を感じたときは、積極的にリフレッシュできる活動を見つけることが大切です。散歩やお気に入りの趣味を楽しむ時間を取ることで、心をリセットできます。

---

まとめ その人との関係をうまくやり取りし、距離を保ちつつストレスを軽減するためには、以下のポイントを意識すると良いでしょう：

感情的な反応を冷静に整理し、距離を保つ 論理的で建設的な意見交換を心掛ける 感情的な負担を軽減するためにセルフケアを大切にする 適切な距離感を保ち、無理に共感を求めない これらを意識することで、あなたがその人との関係をよりストレスなく続けていけるようになるはずです。

@ 4c96d763:80c3ee30

Changes

William Casarin (19):

• dave: add screenshot to readme
• dave: fix image in readme
• columns: remove spamming info logs about writing to cache
• columns: never truncate notes you're replying to
• windows: don't show terminal window
• mention: show username instead of display_name
• chrome: switch from ALPHA to BETA
• ui: make post replies selectable
• dave: include anonymous user identifier in api call
• dave: add trial mode
• dave: fix sidebar click
• dave: nudge avatar when you click
• dave: hide media in dave note previews
• chrome: fix theme persistence
• ui: fix a bunch of missing hover pointers
• Release Notedeck Beta v0.4.0
• release: changelog
• timeline: show media on universe timeline
• clippy: fix lint related to iterator

kernelkind (28):

• add trust_media_from_pk2 method
• add hashbrown
• introduce & use JobPool
• introduce JobsCache
• add blurhash dependency
• introduce blur
• note: remove unnecessary derive macros from NoteAction
• propagate JobsCache
• ImagePulseTint -> PulseAlpha
• images: move fetch to fn
• add TexturesCache
• images: make MediaCache hold MediaCacheType
• images: make promise payload optional to take easily
• post: unnest
• notedeck_ui: move carousel to note/media.rs
• note media: only show full screen when loaded
• note media: unnest full screen media
• pass NoteAction by value instead of reference
• propagate Images to actionbar
• add one shot error message
• make Widget impl ProfilePic mutably
• implement blurring
• don't show zap button if no wallet
• display name should wrap
• make styled button toggleable
• method to get current default zap amount
• add CustomZapView
• use CustomZapView

pushed to notedeck:refs/heads/master

@ 1817b617:715fb372

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Flash USDT is a synthetic transaction that mimics a real Tether transfer. It shows up instantly in a wallet balance, and it’s confirmed on-chain — and expires after a set duration.

This makes it:

• Visible on wallet interfaces
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Feature	Flash USDT	Flash USDT Software
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• Demo environments
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---

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@ 8ba66f4c:59175b61

I just released a small but powerful open-source bridge between Zabbix and the Nostr protocol.\ It's called zabbix-nostr-dm, and it lets you send private encrypted alerts from Zabbix directly to your Nostr account via DM.

Why?\ Because sysadmin alerts shouldn’t rely on email, Slack, or other centralized solutions.\ Nostr is censorship-resistant, lightweight, and privacy-first — so why not use it for critical notifications too?

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🛎️ When Zabbix detects a problem, it sends a DM (kind: 4) to a chosen Nostr pubkey\ 🔐 The alert is encrypted end-to-end using NIP-04\ 🌐 The message is broadcast to your favorite Nostr relays via WebSocket\ 📲 You receive it on Damus, Amethyst, Iris, or your own self-hosted client

Built with:

• Zabbix (Media Type: Script)

• Node.js + nostr-tools

• Shell scripts

• Your .env config with a Nostr private key + relays

🔓 100% MIT-licensed and open-source\ 🚀 Installs in a few minutes — full guide in the README:\ 👉 gitlab.tavux.tech/Tavux/nostr/zabbix-nostr-dm

This is ideal for:

• 🔧 Bitcoiners running nodes, relays, or infra who already live on Nostr

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If you're curious, clone it, try it, and tell me what you think.\ And yes, feedback/patches welcome... by Nostr DM of course 😎\ → npub13wnx7nyf0q6e2ltgae80d2l9nttk0dmvdrapjg7my8jl6kghtdssrlktxq

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@ 08ac89b3:e71dcc17

「自分の印象について、どう思われても仕方ないと分かっていても、実際“そう思われたくない自分”と、“相手の感じ方を尊重したい自分”の間で葛藤してしんどくなる。」

---

■ なぜしんどいのか？

「自分がどう思われるか」を気にする気持ちと、「相手の感じ方を尊重したい」気持ちがぶつかり、どちらを優先しても葛藤が残るから。

■ しんどくならないための工夫

1. 誤解される自由を許す 　→ 他人の受け取り方はコントロールできないと受け入れる。

2. 自分の願いも大切にする 　→「どう思われたいか」も尊重していい。

3. ズレに慣れる練習 　→ 自分と他人の感じ方が違っていてもOKとする。

4. 心の動きを客観視する 　→ 自分の葛藤を実況するように眺めてみる。

無理に解消しようとせず、「そう感じる自分」をそのまま認めることで、自然と軽くなっていきます。

---

「変な人ですね、良さが分からない」

---

それ、正直でいいと思います。 実際、「その良さがわからない」って感覚も、めちゃくちゃ健全です。

こういう人の発言って、

• 言ってることがまどろっこしい
• 自意識強そうに見える
• 「危ない」とか言ってるけど、それって自己陶酔じゃん？

…みたいに感じること、全然あると思います。

むしろ「わからない」と思える強さ

この手の世界（“沼”とか“柵の向こう”とか言い出す系）にハマると、 境界が曖昧になって、自他の区別とか、快か不快かもあやふやになってくることがあるんです。

あなたが「その良さわかんないっすわ」って言えるのは、自分の感覚でちゃんと地に足つけてる証拠でもある。

とはいえ、ちょっと補足するなら…

その発言を良いと感じる人は、たぶん：

• 自分の感情が複雑すぎて言葉にできないとき、こういう語りに救われたり
• 何かに深くハマった自分を「これでいいんだ」って肯定された気になったり

するんですよね。

だから、「良さがわかるかどうか」はその人の今の位置とか感性によるってこと。

結論：

「良さがわからない」という感覚もまた、ひとつの視点であり、場合によっては一番クリアに見えている人の言葉でもあります。

無理にわかる必要なんて、全然ないです。

---

「ありがとうございました」

※お礼のみを伝える必要はありません

@ 9be6a199:6e133301

ssdsdsdsdsdsdsd

@ 9be6a199:6e133301

@ 08ac89b3:e71dcc17

test

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzqnyqqft6tz9g9pyaqjvp0s4a4tvcfvj6gkke7mddvmj86w68uwe0qqsw0afvzpnh3qw9rxdpsrnm565vheuqtmtksfqu7cmxpqylypmxgucyrlpz0

i like this tweet.

now, offchain.pub is unavailable.

I'm wondering which relay to use instead.

@ 08ac89b3:e71dcc17

ちゃぴとたゃの間に母（嘘）挟むの結構おもしろい

上書き失敗したリレーのkind30023の内容はどうなるんだろう リレーによって内容（最終編集日時）が変わることになるのか

nsec app って切れるまでの秒数設定できないのかな　秒で切れる

合わないひとがいたら「1文字目がEすぎる」って思うけど、もしかしたら1文字目がEなのに、Eしにくい生まれ持った要素があると、特有のしんどさがあるのかな、見た目とか、声とか、環境とか たゃはIだからわかんないけど でもだからIだったりEだったりになるのかもしれないし、それでもEなのかもしれないし、どっちが先とかはわからず、ただ現状が存在するのだった

しかもさ、それは考察にすぎなくて、実際1対1の人間として触れ合ったら、本質とたゃの間に対人ジェルみたいなのが挟まると思うし、その人をどう思うかは、そのジェル越しの印象でいいから、考察だけで見限ってはいけない、と思う

なんでやねんの開かれ具合について 5W1H（？）で終わると、それはただの意見じゃなくて対話になる気がしていて、冷たさが無くて良いなと思う 結局What？かも 関東のひとがムッとならないように表現したい 「ろた、草、うける、で終わられるともうどうもしてられないけど、いつやるねん、どこでやるねん、だれがやるねん、なにすんねん、なんでやねん、どうやってやるねん、なんやねん、なに？、って返すと返答の余地が生まれる」

---

makimono：編集がばりばりできる。nip21にも対応してる。kind10002にデータが無いときは勝手にどっかに流される。nsec.appで署名できる。kind5が流せない。

flycat：秘密鍵でログインできる。新規作成できるけど、流すだけで読み取りはしないっぽい。上書き（置き換え）はできるけど編集はできない。すぐnos.lolに流そうとしてくるから送信先要確認。kind5が流せない。他クライアント（るみちゃんなど）から流したkind5は自動で反映されず、設定の「重複イベントの削除」をやれば反映される。nip21非対応。

habla：秘密鍵ログインできない、nsec.appもなんか入れない（読み込みから進まない）。公開鍵ログインからの表示確認用。

yakihonnne：秘密鍵ログインできる。kind30023の編集ができない（読み込みで進まない）。

ほか：

送信先間違えたっぽいイベントは、るみちゃんで固有リレー設定→確認したいリレーを選んで取得してみれば確認できる？

地味にnoteを見るだけのクライアントが欲し、ああ、あるか でもツイートもしたい 遡るだけじゃなく

そういえばbandに流してる自覚無いのに流れてるのなんでだ どっかがbandに自動ブロードキャストみたいなことしてたりするのかな

できるようになったことリストとか作りたいな

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Expert witnesses play a critical role in modern litigation. Their primary purpose is to assist the court in understanding complex evidence or issues that are outside the scope of common knowledge. From civil suits to criminal trials, these professionals can make or break a case with their specialized knowledge. Below, we explore the main types of expert witnesses and how they contribute to the judicial process. Along the way, we’ll discuss specific examples, such as the financial expert witness, defamation expert witness, and damages expert witness, as well as considerations like the expert witness hourly rate.

What Is an Expert Witness?

An expert witness is an individual who possesses specialized education, training, skills, or experience in a particular field. Unlike fact witnesses who can only testify about what they directly observed, expert witnesses are allowed to offer opinions based on facts and their expertise. Courts rely on these opinions to make informed decisions, particularly in cases involving technical, scientific, or financial matters.

Expert witnesses can be called by either side in a case—plaintiff or defense—and their credibility often has a major impact on the outcome of the trial.

Categories of Expert Witnesses

There are numerous types of expert witnesses, each suited to a specific area of law or subject matter. Here are the primary categories:

1. Medical Expert Witnesses

Medical expert witnesses are commonly used in personal injury, malpractice, or wrongful death lawsuits. These experts might be surgeons, physicians, psychologists, or nurses who can testify about the standard of care in a medical context or evaluate the extent of a person's injuries.

2. Financial Expert Witnesses

A financial expert witness is crucial in cases involving economic loss, fraud, valuation, or complex financial transactions. These experts are often certified public accountants (CPAs), forensic accountants, or economists. In business litigation or divorce cases, they may evaluate the financial condition of a company or individual and offer insight into accounting practices, financial statements, or asset valuation.

They are also heavily relied upon in cases involving corporate fraud, investment disputes, or misappropriation of funds. Their analysis can determine whether transactions were lawful or fraudulent, making their role indispensable.

3. Engineering and Technical Experts

These experts are commonly used in construction disputes, patent litigation, and product liability cases. For example, in a car accident case, a mechanical engineer might testify about vehicle malfunctions or road conditions. In a product liability suit, an industrial engineer might explain how a product's design led to injury.

4. Forensic Experts

Forensic expert witnesses include professionals like DNA analysts, fingerprint experts, or ballistic experts. They are frequently seen in criminal trials, helping to link evidence to suspects or validate forensic methods used in the investigation.

5. Defamation Expert Witnesses

In cases involving slander or libel, a defamation expert witness can help establish whether statements made were damaging to someone’s reputation and whether they meet the legal standard for defamation. These experts may have backgrounds in media law, journalism, communications, or public relations.

They evaluate the content, context, and potential impact of the allegedly defamatory statements and can also offer insight into industry standards or public perception. Their testimony is especially important in high-profile cases involving public figures, celebrities, or corporations.

6. Damages Expert Witnesses

A damages expert witness calculates and explains the economic impact of harm or loss experienced by a party in a lawsuit. This may include lost earnings, future income potential, cost of medical treatment, or business interruption. They are often used in conjunction with other experts to present a comprehensive financial picture to the court.

These experts are particularly important in personal injury and commercial litigation, where accurately calculating damages can significantly affect the amount awarded by the court or agreed upon in a settlement.

7. Vocational Experts

Vocational experts are commonly used in disability and workers' compensation cases. They assess a person’s ability to work, given their age, education, skills, and physical or mental limitations. Their evaluations help determine eligibility for benefits or compensation.

8. Psychological and Psychiatric Experts

These experts testify about mental health issues in a wide range of cases, from child custody disputes to criminal responsibility defenses. They assess competency, psychological trauma, or the mental state of individuals involved in legal matters.

The Role of Expert Witnesses in Legal Strategy

Beyond their knowledge, expert witnesses serve a strategic role in litigation. They can: * Help attorneys understand technical issues during the discovery phase. * Assist in developing questions for opposing experts. * Testify during depositions and at trial to strengthen a client’s case. * Review and critique opposing experts' reports and opinions.

Choosing the right expert witness can greatly enhance credibility with the judge or jury. Attorneys often look for individuals who not only have impeccable credentials but also can communicate effectively and withstand cross-examination.

Understanding the Expert Witness Hourly Rate

Engaging an expert witness can be costly, with fees varying depending on their field, experience, and the complexity of the case. The expert witness hourly rate typically ranges from $200 to over $1,000 per hour. Some may charge flat fees for specific services like report writing or deposition testimony. Highly specialized experts, such as brain surgeons or forensic economists, often command premium rates. Attorneys must consider these costs when developing their case strategy and assessing potential returns on a lawsuit.

Conclusion

Expert witnesses are a cornerstone of today’s legal system. Whether providing insight into financial statements, evaluating reputational harm, or calculating damages, their testimony can be the difference between winning and losing a case. Understanding the diverse types of expert witnesses and how they operate—along with factors like the expert witness hourly rate—helps legal professionals and litigants make informed decisions in high-stakes situations. As litigation grows more complex, the demand for expert witnesses across various industries continues to rise, making their role ever more pivotal in delivering justice.

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比特币持有者在 iPhone 上的安全使用注意事项

引言：iPhone 与安卓的对比

当涉及移动设备安全，比特币持有者面临着在 iPhone 和安卓设备之间的选择。从安全硬件来看，安卓阵营中确有一些型号配备了类似于 Apple Secure Enclave 的硬件安全模块，例如 Google Pixel 手机内置的 Titan M/M2 安全芯片，用于保障启动流程和存储敏感数据us.norton.com；三星的旗舰机型则集成了 Samsung Knox 多层安全平台，经过多国政府机构认证，可在硬件层面保护设备及其中数据us.norton.com。这些安全措施大大提升了设备抵御恶意攻击和数据泄露的能力。然而，需要注意的是：具备此类高级安全特性的安卓机型在市场上相对少见，并非安卓阵营的普遍标准us.norton.com。安卓生态高度碎片化，不同厂商的安全实践差异悬殊；除了少数注重安全的厂商（如 Google、Samsung）外，许多设备缺乏统一的安全保障水平us.norton.com。尤其在二手市场上，安卓设备型号繁杂且来源不一，一些旧款或改装机型可能缺少最新的安全芯片或更新，使安全性难以得到保证。

相比之下，Apple iPhone 全系列自带硬件级的安全隔区（Secure Enclave），统一的闭源系统和严格的应用审核使其安全措施在所有设备上保持一致us.norton.com。同时，iPhone 引入的 Face ID（三维结构光人脸识别）在生物识别安全性上具有独特优势。Apple官方数据显示，Face ID 被他人解锁的概率只有 百万分之一，远低于指纹识别的五万分之一。这源于Face ID利用红外点阵投射捕捉面部3D结构，难以被照片或面具所破解，大幅减少了伪造生物特征解锁的风险。此外，相较许多安卓手机仍依赖的二维人脸识别或电容/光学指纹，Face ID 在抗攻击能力上更胜一筹——例如普通指纹残留可能被提取复制，而二维人脸解锁曾被照片轻易骗过，但Face ID的深度感应技术有效避免了这些漏洞。

综上所述，在移动设备安全领域，iPhone 为比特币等高价值敏感资产的持有者提供了更为稳健和统一的安全基础。尽管某些高端安卓手机具有可圈可点的安全功能，但鉴于这类机型凤毛麟角、安卓设备更新和管控的不统一，以及生物识别方案的差异，我们强烈建议将 iPhone 作为比特币手持设备的唯一选择。从硬件加密到生物识别，iPhone 的封闭生态和领先技术能为数字资产提供更可靠的防护，而安卓设备在这一场景下则存在诸多先天不足。

小结： 安卓阵营虽有Pixel Titan芯片、Samsung Knox等亮点，但安全机型数量有限且良莠不齐；iPhone凭借统一的安全架构和先进的Face ID，在保护敏感数据方面更胜一筹。为确保比特币等资产安全，选择安全可靠的iPhone 是明智之举。

iPhone 安全配置指南

选择了 iPhone 作为比特币存取和通讯设备后，仍需进行细致的安全设置，以最大化利用其安全潜力。以下是针对比特币持有者的 iPhone 安全配置要点：

• 禁用 Face ID/Touch ID 生物解锁，改用强PIN码： 建议关闭面容ID解锁功能，改用6位以上的数字PIN码（或更复杂的字母数字密码）作为解锁方式。在紧急情况下，生物识别容易被他人强制利用（例如他人将手机对准机主面部强行解锁），而记忆型的PIN码只有持有人知晓，更难以被胁迫获取。此外，法律上某些地区对强制提供生物特征和提供密码有所区别，这也使得使用PIN码在极端情况下更有保障。

• 启用自动锁定（1分钟） 将设备设为闲置1分钟后自动锁定屏幕。从安全角度出发，锁定等待时间越短越好。1分钟的设置可确保即使暂时离开或疏忽，设备也会很快上锁，防范他人乘虚而入。养成随手锁屏的习惯固然重要，但有了短自动锁定时间作为双重保障，安全性更上一层楼。

• 开启输错10次自动抹除： 在“设置 > 面容ID/触控ID与密码”中启用“连续输错10次密码抹掉数据”功能。一旦有人反复尝试猜测密码，该功能会在第十次错误尝试后自动抹除手机数据。很多用户担心该设置存在风险，但事实上 误触发的可能性极低。sspai.comsspai.com实际测试表明，iPhone在多次输错密码时会触发累进的延迟惩罚机制：第五次错误需要等待1分钟，第六次错误等待5分钟，第7-8次各等待15分钟，第9次等待1小时sspai.comsspai.com。要连续进行十次独立的错误尝试至少需要约96分钟，在现实中“熊孩子”乱按连续清空数据几乎不可能发生sspai.com。相反，该功能对抗暴力破解极为有效——正如2015年圣贝纳迪诺恐怖袭击案中，嫌犯所用的iPhone就启用了十次错误清除，使FBI也无法轻易尝试破解en.wikipedia.org。总之，此项设置能将设备落入他人之手时的数据泄露风险降至最低。

• 利用应用级 Face ID 控制（iOS 18+）：升级至iOS 18或更新版本，充分利用其新增的应用锁定功能。长按主屏某个应用图标，可以找到“需要Face ID”选项，将该应用加锁theverge.com。被加锁的应用每次打开都需要通过Face ID身份验证（即使手机已解锁）。建议对 聊天通讯、密码管理、交易所App 等敏感应用启用此功能。例如，将微信、Signal、邮件客户端等设置为打开需Face ID验证，以防范他人在您手机解锁的短暂间隙内获取其中内容。应用级Face ID锁定为设备提供了第二道防线：即使手机本身已解锁，敏感应用和数据仍受到保护。

• 建议购买第二台 iPhone 或 iPad 作为“备用解锁入口”： 利用 Apple 的“信任链”机制，为同一 Apple ID 配置多台受信任设备（如两台 iPhone 或 iPhone+iPad）。这样即使主设备丢失或被抹除，备用设备依然可以访问并恢复 iCloud 端到端加密数据。其安全本质类似于“1-of-N 多签”，即任一设备均可独立解锁所有云数据，但无需多设备联合协商，恢复更灵活。注意：这与比特币的m-of-n多签不同，Apple的信任链是单设备多入口，安全性和便利性权衡需根据个人需求评估。官方说明参见：Apple平台安全白皮书（Keychain与信任链）

• 建议购买 YubiKey 等硬件安全密钥作为 Apple ID 验证要素： 由于信任链机制下新设备加入时，身份验证成为潜在攻击点（如钓鱼、社工、短信劫持），推荐为 Apple ID 配置 YubiKey 或兼容 FIDO2/U2F 的硬件安全密钥。启用后，只有插入并触发硬件密钥的情况下，才能完成新设备授权、敏感操作或账户恢复，有效阻止网络钓鱼和大部分远程攻击。该方法可显著提升账户安全，降低因凭证泄漏或验证被劫持导致的信任链攻破风险。Apple 官方说明：为 Apple ID 添加安全密钥

通过上述配置，iPhone 将处于一个平衡了便利性和安全性的状态：日常解锁采用PIN码确保意外情况下设备不被强制解锁，短自动锁和十次清除严防暴力破解，而应用级加锁进一步保障重要数据不外泄。

小结： 按照以上指南对iPhone进行安全配置，可以大幅提升设备在实际使用中的抗攻击能力。生物识别解锁的取舍、自动锁定和清除机制、以及iOS 18引入的应用加锁功能相结合，全方位地巩固了手机作为比特币手持设备的安全基石。

关于自动抹除的常见质疑回应

启用“输错10次自动抹除”功能后，不少用户会提出疑虑，主要集中在两个方面：其一，担心儿童误操作或本人一时疏忽导致设备数据被抹掉；其二，担心万一手机数据被抹除，设备本身价值受损。针对这些质疑，我们进行如下回应：

• “熊孩子乱按怎么办？” 前文已提及，iPhone设计了渐进延时机制，使得连续十次错误输入并非易事sspai.comsspai.com。孩子无意识地反复点击相同数字，系统只视为一次错误sspai.com；而多次不同错误则会触发越来越长的锁定时间，很难真的连续试满十次sspai.com。实践中，要触发十次错误清除需要近两个小时且每次输入都不同，这种情景极不现实sspai.com。因此，只要平时看护好设备，误抹除几乎无需担心。相反，如果没有该功能，一旦设备遗失或被不法分子获取，后果将不堪设想——对方可以在足够时间和专业工具协助下尝试无限次解锁，从而获取您手机中的一切秘密。

• “数据没了岂不可惜？” 我们强调，比特币持有者手机中存储的敏感信息价值远超设备本身。手机里可能有助记词、私钥线索、交易记录截图，甚至包含您社交账户中关于资产的对话。在攻击者眼中，这些数据的价值胜过一部手机。与其担心设备被误清除，不如担心设备落入他人之手数据遭泄露的风险。况且，对于重要数据您应当早有备份（下文将讨论启用iCloud云备份的问题）。即使真发生误清除，有备份在手也能恢复；但若数据被不法分子窃取，一旦造成资产损失将无法挽回。因此，从风险权衡来看，“宁可误删，不可被盗”——自动抹除是最后一道保障，在极端情况下保护您的数字资产不被侵害。

总而言之，这一功能的利远大于弊。儿童误触可以通过良好监护和系统延时设计来防范，而一旦启用，您将获得巨大的安心：手机若遭试图破解，可以自毁以保全数据安全。这正是比特币持有者应有的安全理念：舍弃设备保安全，数据和资产永远优先于硬件。随着良好备份策略的配合（例如iCloud加密备份），启用自动抹除几乎没有后顾之忧。

小结： 针对自动抹除功能的疑虑更多是误解。iPhone的机制使得误触发几率极低，而其提供的数据安全保障却是无可替代的。比特币等敏感资产持有者应放下顾虑，优先保护数据安全——哪怕代价是设备被清除，也胜过数据落入他人之手。

iCloud 备份的争议与建议

在确保本地设备安全的同时，妥善备份数据同样关键。对于比特币持有者而言，启用 iCloud 云备份可以提供额外的一层安心：万一设备遗失、损坏或被抹除后，仍有机会恢复重要信息。然而，围绕iCloud备份的安全性一直存在争议，我们在此详细分析并给出建议：

首先强烈建议在启用iCloud备份的同时，务必开启「高级数据保护」（Advanced Data Protection, ADP）。默认情况下，iCloud云备份的数据加密密钥由Apple掌管，这意味着苹果公司在法律要求下能够解密并提供您的备份数据support.apple.comsupport.apple.com。而开启高级数据保护后，备份所涉及的大部分数据将采用端对端加密，只有您的受信任设备掌握解锁密钥support.apple.com。据苹果官方说明，在ADP模式下，即便苹果公司也无法读取您的备份内容support.apple.com。因此，高级数据保护能够将使用云备份可能带来的隐私泄露风险降至最低（前提是您妥善保管好自己的账户和恢复密钥）。

启用云备份常见的疑虑是：“会不会把我的钱包私钥也备份上去，万一云被攻破岂不危险？” 实际上，多数主流比特币/加密钱包软件不会将核心密钥（如助记词或扩展公钥xpub）存储在云备份中。很多钱包在设计时就要求用户自行备份助记词，而不会把这些高度敏感的数据写入应用沙盒，可被iCloud备份抓取。同样地，一些钱包应用甚至提醒用户关闭iCloud备份以防助记词泄露support.wallet.coinex.com。换言之，开启iCloud备份并不会将您的私钥上传（除非个别钱包特别设置了云同步，但大多数非托管钱包都没有这么做）。当然，为审慎起见，您可以查阅所用钱包的文档或设置，确认其是否有备份敏感信息到云的选项，并据此做出取舍。

与此同时，我们更加关心的是其他应用的数据完整备份。对于比特币持有者来说，聊天记录、笔记文档和工作应用的数据往往同样敏感且重要。例如，常用通讯软件（微信、Telegram、Signal 等）中的聊天可能涉及交易细节或人脉网络；办公应用如钉钉、飞书则包含财务往来或业务资料。这些应用的数据都会包含在iCloud整机备份中并被完整保存，一旦手机丢失或损坏，可以通过云备份原样恢复。support.apple.com值得一提的是，在高级数据保护开启且不泄漏密钥的前提下，这些备份数据即使存储在苹果服务器上也是安全的，第三方无法解读其中内容。

进一步的好处是：利用备份进行调查取证。假设最坏情况发生——您的手机被抹除或遗失，但是事先有一份最新的iCloud备份。在紧急需要时，您可以在一台新的iPhone上恢复这份备份。在恢复完成后，切断新设备的网络连接（拔掉SIM卡或不连Wi-Fi）。由于备份恢复会还原您的应用登录状态和本地数据，新设备在离线情况下将维持原手机当时的登录环境。您可以打开聊天应用、邮件、照片等查看内容，就像原手机一样。离线操作确保应用不会因为检测到新设备而要求重新登录，也避免了云端数据被远程清除的可能。这对于事后取证、提供线索给执法部门或自我调查都极为有利。比如，若涉及盗窃诈骗案件，这部离线恢复的手机里保留的聊天记录、交易凭证可以作为关键证据。而一旦联网，这些应用可能出于安全考虑登出账户或拉取最新状态，反而不利于保留原始证据。因此，有意识地保存一份完整云备份，并在需要时以离线方式恢复，是一种非常巧妙的应对策略。

小结： 尽管人们对云备份心存疑虑，但通过启用高级数据保护，iCloud备份既能提供数据恢复便利，又充分保障了隐私安全。大多数加密钱包不会上传私钥等核心数据，而聊天、办公等应用的数据则可完整份以备不时之需。在平衡安全与可用性的前提下，开启iCloud备份（搭配ADP加密）是明智之举——它让您在设备意外损坏或丢失时依然有据可查、有据可证。

高级数据保护与密码学机制分析

最后，我们从更宏观的视角，结合真实案例和技术原理，深入探讨苹果设备与云服务的安全性，以及高级数据保护（ADP）所依赖的密码学机制。这部分将涵盖苹果在多个国家遭遇的解锁争议、ADP 的运作及其与实体安全密钥的配合、以及关于苹果是否存在解密后门的分析。

苹果与执法部门的解锁事件

过去数年间，多起高调事件凸显了设备加密与执法取证之间的矛盾。美国国会山骚乱事件（2021年1月6日）中，执法部门缴获了大量嫌疑人的手机。据报道，不少嫌犯使用的是iPhone，调查人员能够从苹果获取其中的数据 但途径主要是通过 iCloud 云备份 而非直接破解设备thedailybeast.com。由于当时高级数据保护尚未推出或未启用，苹果依然持有那些嫌疑人iCloud账户的备份密钥，因此在收到合法的执法请求后，苹果向FBI提供了嫌疑人的iCloud备份内容，其中包括视频、照片和聊天记录等关键证据thedailybeast.com。这些数据帮助当局重构了案件过程，也反映出如果用户没有使用端到端加密备份，云端数据在法律压力下并非牢不可破。

相反，在更早的**圣贝纳迪诺恐怖袭击案（2015）**中，FBI面对一部启用了强加密的嫌犯iPhone却陷入僵局。那是一个运行iOS 9的 iPhone 5C，开启了PIN码锁和10次输错清除功能en.wikipedia.org。由于该设备上的本地数据经过设备加密且苹果并不持有密钥，FBI无法提取其中信息，遂求助苹果公司要求破解。但苹果以维护所有用户安全为由拒绝编写后门固件来绕过安全限制，引发了一场著名的法律拉锯en.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.org。最终执法部门辗转通过第三方工具解锁了手机，但苹果的立场十分明确：即便面对恐怖主义案件，也不会为单次事件在系统中留下后门。这一事件凸显出现代iPhone设备本地加密之强大——在没有用户密码的情况下，即使连厂商都无能为力，除非另辟蹊径寻求系统或硬件漏洞。

iCloud 在中国与英国的访问争议

在不同国家，苹果围绕用户数据加密与政府监管的博弈也在上演。中国方面，自2018年以来苹果将中国大陆 iCloud 服务交由“云上贵州”公司运营，数据存储和加密密钥均留在境内zh.amnesty.org。依据中国《网络安全法》，云服务运营者有义务为执法和国家安全机关提供“技术支持和协助”zh.amnesty.org。这意味着若中国警方出于刑侦需要向云上贵州调取某用户的 iCloud 数据，该公司必须配合提供，几乎没有拒绝的空间zh.amnesty.org。更重要的是，苹果把中国用户的 iCloud 加密密钥也存放在中国，一旦收到合法命令要求解密数据，苹果和云上贵州只能遵从zh.amnesty.org。换言之，在标准数据保护模式下，中国当局有途径通过法律手段获取本地存储的iCloud明文数据。这引发了人们对隐私的担忧：如果没有端到端加密，中国的用户数据可能在政府要求下被查看。然而如果用户开启高级数据保护，使得苹果也无法解读备份内容，那么即便在中国，此举从技术上为用户争取到了更高的私密性（前提是中国地区允许开启ADP——截至目前，苹果并未在中国禁用该功能，国区用户依然可以自行启用高级数据保护support.apple.comsupport.apple.com）。

再看英国的情况。英国政府近年以打击犯罪和恐怖主义为由，不断向科技公司施压要求提供加密数据的后门访问权。2023年底，英国援引《调查权力法》(IPA)秘密向苹果发出“技术能力通知”（TCN），要求苹果在全球范围内为英国安全部门提供对加密iCloud内容的解锁途径cnbeta.com.tw。这实际上等同于要求苹果破坏其端到端加密体系，留出一个只有政府能用的后门。苹果对此断然拒绝，并做出强硬回应：宁愿撤除在英服务，也不会妥协安全底线cnbeta.com.tw。结果是，苹果选择在英国境内停止提供高级数据保护功能给新用户。已有启用ADP的英国用户被通知需在宽限期内手动将其关闭，否则将无法继续使用iCloud备份cnbeta.com.tw。苹果在声明中表示对此深感失望，但为了遵守当地法律别无他法cnbeta.com.tw。下面这张截图显示了英国用户在系统中看到的提示信息，明确告知ADP服务不再可用

苹果针对英国地区做出的ADP功能调整通知。英国政府要求能够解密用户数据，迫使苹果撤回了对英国用户的新端到端加密备份支持cnbeta.com.twcnbeta.com.tw。苹果声明强调只有用户本人才能解读其加密数据，并重申不会在产品中留下执法后门cnbeta.com.tw。

这一英国内外的罕见举措表明，各国政府正日益重视加密带来的执法障碍，而苹果则在平衡用户隐私和法律要求之间走钢丝。尽管英国的情况迫使苹果让步（取消当地ADP），但苹果并未真的为政府打造解密后门，而是通过限制功能来表明态度——这与其长期立场一致：绝不在加密产品中留后门，即使承受业务上的损失cnbeta.com.tw。

高级数据保护与安全密钥

高级数据保护（ADP） 是苹果于 iOS 16.2 引入的一项可选功能，其核心是在用户选择开启后，将包括设备备份在内的大部分 iCloud 数据升级为端到端加密存储support.apple.comsupport.apple.com。开启ADP有两个前提：账户已启用双重认证，以及设置了账户恢复联系人或恢复密钥，以防用户遗失访问权限support.apple.comsupport.apple.com。在ADP模式下，Apple不再持有绝大部分云数据的解锁密钥，这些密钥只存在于用户的受信任设备中support.apple.com。这意味着，即便苹果公司收到政府索取数据的要求或其服务器遭黑客攻击，没有密钥的加密数据对任何第三方都是无意义的乱码。正如苹果声明所言：“只有拥有数据的用户才能解密，Apple 无法访问端对端加密的数据”cnbeta.com.tw。可以说，ADP将用户云数据的主导权完全交还给用户自己，从而彻底消除了苹果方面潜在的数据泄露点。

为了进一步增强账户安全，苹果在_iOS 16.3_开始支持绑定实体安全密钥（如 YubiKey）作为 Apple ID 的额外两步验证方式sspai.com。过去Apple ID登录主要依赖密码+发送到受信设备的验证码，但假如用户Apple ID密码泄露，攻击者可能利用社会工程获取验证码。而引入实体安全密钥后，用户可以要求任何新的登录尝试都必须提供物理密钥认证才能完成。这相当于给 Apple ID 上了一把“硬件锁”。对于比特币持有者而言，这一步非常值得配置：即使黑客骗取了您的苹果账号密码，没有您的YubiKey或同类FIDO2安全密钥，他仍无法登录您的iCloud或停用您的ADP。安全密钥本身具有防钓鱼特性，它不会把可被重用的机密泄露给假网站，再加上密钥私藏于硬件内部不可导出，使得账户保护达到新的高度sspai.comsspai.com。简而言之，**“ADP + 硬件安全密钥”**的组合为用户云数据打造了双重护城河：前者确保云上数据加密不被窥探，后者确保账户本身不被劫持利用。

需要注意的是，启用ADP后如果遗失所有设备且忘记密码，苹果无法帮您找回数据support.apple.com。这就像您把保险箱钥匙只握在自己手里而不交给任何人保管，其安全性空前提高，但也意味着责任完全在您。因此请务必牢记Apple ID密码，保管好恢复密钥或紧急联系人。一旦平衡好便利与安全，这套机制将为您的数字资产提供堪比硬件钱包的云端保障。

后门密钥与私钥不可拆分性

现代加密体系的设计使得用户私钥与设备环境密不可分。在苹果的生态中，每台设备都拥有由硬件生成的唯一加密根密钥。例如，安全隔区（Secure Enclave）内嵌入了设备唯一标识符UID作为根密钥，UID由安全硬件随机生成并烧录至芯片中help.apple.com。这个UID既不与任何其他设备标识相关，也无法被设备外的任何人（包括苹果官方）获取help.apple.com。同时，用户的解锁密码与该UID进行数学“交织”（entangle），共同派生出加密密钥help.apple.com。换言之，设备硬件密钥和用户密码共同决定了数据加密密钥，没有这两者就无法还原密钥。这体现了用户私钥对设备及用户身份的强绑定——苹果没有第三方密钥可以绕过这一绑定关系help.apple.comhelp.apple.com。

从密码学角度来看，如果苹果试图在上述体系中插入一个额外的“后门密钥”，将面临巨大的技术困难，并且这样的异常极易被察觉。设想苹果通过异或（XOR）或 Shamir 密钥共享等方式，将一个后门密钥与用户密钥组合：

• 实现层面的异常：用户设备在正常情况下应当能够独立完成解密/签名操作。如果加入隐藏密钥份额，意味着设备单凭用户自己的密钥无法完成某些解密，必须依赖苹果持有的那一份。这样的改动会造成额外的密钥协商步骤或异常的解密失败。例如，若苹果将后门密钥与用户密钥异或生成实际工作密钥，那么单用用户密钥将无法解密出正确结果，设备可能需要静默地向苹果服务器请求密钥片段或进行额外计算。这类非预期的通信或计算步骤很容易被安全研究者通过流量分析或逆向工程发现端倪。再比如采用 Shamir’s Secret Sharing 等门限方案，如果苹果持有一份密钥碎片，设备在解密时就需要满足门限条件，这通常意味着需要苹果的参与或预置公钥，从而在协议日志中留下异常痕迹。任何偏离常规协议的做法——无论是多传输一段数据，还是多保存一段密钥信息——都可能成为研究者捕捉的线索。历史经验表明，密码协议中的“奇怪之处”往往预示潜在漏洞或后门：例如 NSA 推出的 Dual_EC_DRBG 伪随机数生成器由于使用了异常常数，被专家迅速怀疑存在后门；著名密码学家施奈尔（Bruce Schneier）就曾直言 Dual_EC_DRBG 中的后门“相当明显”，呼吁业界停止使用en.wikipedia.org。由此可见，试图暗中插入额外密钥会在数学实现上留下破绽，而资深密码学者和安全社区有足够能力识别这些反常之处。

进一步，从门限签名理论对比苹果现有密钥管理，可以加深这一不可行性的理解。门限密码学允许将密钥拆分给多方持有，只有达到预定门槛的份额才能重构密钥或执行签名解密toc.csail.mit.edumedium.com。其优点在于提高了密钥托管的安全性，需要多方协作才能解锁秘密。然而，这种机制是公开设计的一部分，各参与方和流程都是明示的。例如在某些区块链多重签名方案中，多个私钥持有者共同生成交易签名，每个人都知晓门限机制的存在。相较之下，苹果在产品中的密钥管理要么是完全由用户端掌握密钥（如iPhone本地数据加密，密钥存在Secure Enclave中），要么是在用户许可下由苹果代管（如传统iCloud云备份未启用高级加密时，苹果保存备份密钥）。苹果并没有公开采用“两方门限”的模式来和用户分享密钥，否则等于声明“用户单方无法完全掌控自己的解密权”。如果苹果暗中采用门限签名让自己持有一份密钥碎片，本质上就是一种**变相密钥托管（Escrow）**行为。这样的做法会明显偏离苹果宣称的零后门立场，与其在隐私政策中反复强调的原则相违背。值得注意的是，苹果在其官方隐私声明中明确表示：“我们从未在任何产品或服务中创建过后门或万能解锁主密钥”apple.com。因此，从理论和实践双重层面来看，用户私钥与潜在后门密钥是难以在不被发现的情况下拆分存在的。任何试图将二者解耦的举措都会引起体系架构的异常，进而难逃专家法眼。

加密社区对后门的发现与审计

在当今的安全生态中，不存在“悄无声息的后门”。一旦厂商试图在加密方案中掺入后门密钥，全球的密码学社区和安全研究人员都有多种手段将其揪出。下面从几个方面概述社区常用的后门检测与审计方法：

• 开源协议分析：安全专家偏好开源的软件和协议，因为源码透明意味着任何可疑的算法修改、密钥处理流程都暴露在公众视野中。通过阅读和形式化分析公开的协议规范，研究者可以发现是否有多余的密钥交换步骤或异常的参数。例如，Signal通信协议的源代码和技术细节是完全公开的，全球专家曾多次审阅其实现，验证其端到端加密未存在后门linkedin.com。事实证明，公开透明带来的是更严苛的监督，任何隐秘加入的密钥参数都有可能被审计人员发现。正如业内人士所指出的，Signal 采用开放源码意味着安全专家可以独立审计其代码以核实安全性linkedin.com。类似地，许多现代加密库都会经过社区审视，以确保其中没有“暗门”。

• 逆向工程与二进制审计：对于闭源的软件（例如苹果自身的系统组件），安全研究者会运用逆向工程技术来分析应用的二进制代码和运行时行为。一旦苹果的加密实现存在未公开的密钥使用，比如在本地程序中引用了某个神秘常量或调用了隐藏的密钥解密函数，逆向工程往往能还原这些逻辑。专业团队通过调试、反编译、动态埋点等方式重现协议的握手过程，查看每一步骤所用的密钥材料。如果过程中出现与官方文档不符的环节（例如本应由用户设备生成的密钥却从外部获取），将立即引发怀疑。此外，安全社区定期举办的漏洞挖掘和破解挑战赛也扮演重要角色——顶尖黑客会竞相攻破苹果设备的加密层，并公开报告发现的问题。过去这些努力揭示了一些实现漏洞（如内存越界、0day攻击途径），但从未曝出“苹果预留万能密钥”之类的后门。一例典型事件是2017年有黑客成功解密了Secure Enclave固件以研究其中机理，结果证实即便取得固件代码，攻击者仍无法提取到任何用户密钥或后门凭证ciso.economictimes.indiatimes.com。这一结论进一步增强了业界对苹果加密实现中无后门的信心。

• 网络流量与协议行为分析：加密协议往往涉及设备与服务器的交互流程。研究人员会抓包和监控这些网络流量，分析协议握手时交换的消息格式和内容。如果苹果尝试在密钥协商时暗中插入自己的公钥或请求额外数据，流量分析将捕捉到异常的报文模式。例如，在正常的端到端加密通信中，设备之间交换彼此的公钥证书，不应有第三方公钥悄然出现。而所谓“幽灵用户”后门提案正是要求服务提供商在群聊中偷偷加入一个看不见的第三方公钥。这样的方案被广泛批评因为它破坏了用户验证通信对端身份的机制，需要服务器隐藏通知才能欺骗用户lawfaremedia.org。密码学家指出，这将削弱认证过程并带来新漏洞，因此难以在不被发现的情况下实施lawfaremedia.org。由此可见，通过流量异常识别潜在后门是切实可行的。当年的GCHQ“幽灵用户”建议一提出，就被包括苹果在内的业界联合抵制，47家机构和专家联名公开信指出该做法“对网络安全构成严重威胁”internetsociety.orgsilicon.co.uk，可见社区对这类后门手段有高度警惕性。

• 独立审计和信任链验证：许多安全敏感的加密功能会接受独立机构的审计，以建立公众信任。比如苹果的 iCloud 钥匙串（Keychain） 采用多层加密和信任链机制，其设计文档表明敏感信息的密钥始终需要Secure Enclave参与才能解锁techrepublic.com。有第三方评估指出，钥匙串中的私密数据即便保存在云端也是经过高强度加密的，任何人（包括苹果）都无法直接读取明文techrepublic.com。这一架构经过多轮外部安全会议研讨和学者研究，至今未出现被植入后门的迹象。同样，苹果设备中的 Secure Enclave 安全隔区 也多次成为学术研究和黑客大会的焦点。研究人员通过攻击Secure Enclave找出了少数漏洞（例如早期A7-A11芯片存在硬件级漏洞ciso.economictimes.indiatimes.comciso.economictimes.indiatimes.com），但这些漏洞只是实现瑕疵，并非有意留出的后门。实际上，正是这些公开的审计和破解挑战证明了Secure Enclave的设计初衷：即使攻击者获得硬件或固件访问权，仍无法提取出主密钥ciso.economictimes.indiatimes.com。学术界和白帽黑客社区通过反复的审查和渗透测试，为苹果的“零后门”承诺提供了有力的背书。换言之，加密社区的独立审计机制确保了任何后门都难以隐藏；只有经得起各方检验的系统，才能真正赢得用户信任。

综上所述，在强大的社区监督下，任何后门密钥的存在都会留下蛛丝马迹，并最终被曝光。无论是协议分析、逆向工程还是实网监测，多层次的手段使得厂商无法神不知鬼不觉地在成熟加密方案中藏入后门。这也是为什么苹果等公司反复强调没有后门：一旦撒谎，终将被揭穿，信用荡然无存。

iCloud 钥匙串信任链下的全局数据加密密钥（DEK）机制研究

苹果的高级数据保护（Advanced Data Protection）引入了端到端加密，将大部分 iCloud 数据的密钥仅存储在用户的受信设备上support.apple.com。在该机制下，每个用户的 iCloud 帐户针对各数据类别生成自己的“全局”数据加密密钥（Data Encryption Key, DEK），这些密钥受 iCloud 钥匙串的信任链机制保护。下面将详细探讨全局 DEK 的生成、分发与封装，多设备场景下的生命周期变化，以及苹果保障 DEK 安全和确保服务器从未获取明文 DEK 的技术手段。

全局 DEK 的生成、更新与轮换

初始生成：当用户首次在支持的设备上启用高级数据保护时（需运行 iOS 16.2、macOS 13.1 等新版系统，并开启双重认证），系统会在该设备上本地生成全局数据加密密钥。实际上，每个受端到端加密保护的 iCloud 服务（例如云备份、照片、笔记等）都有各自的 CloudKit 服务密钥对，其私钥用作该类别数据的主加密密钥support.apple.comsupport.apple.com。这些服务密钥使用安全随机算法在用户受信设备上创建，具有唯一性，并由设备的安全硬件保护。启用高级数据保护时，设备会将之前由苹果保存的云端密钥从苹果的硬件安全模块（HSM）中删除，并生成新的服务密钥，以改用仅存储在用户设备上的密钥来加密云端数据support.apple.comsupport.apple.com。这一过程确保全局 DEK（即各服务的新密钥）仅存在于用户受信设备上，苹果服务器端不再持有其副本。

是否变化及何时变化：在正常使用中，全局 DEK（各服务密钥）的私钥一经生成会保持稳定，用于持续加密解密用户数据，并不会频繁更换。唯有在特定事件下才会轮换或更新密钥，例如用户启用高级数据保护时系统触发的一次性密钥轮换，以及用户后来关闭高级数据保护或怀疑密钥泄露时的情况support.apple.com。苹果文档指出，当用户打开高级数据保护时，设备会启动异步密钥轮换操作，为此前存储于苹果服务器的每个服务创建新的服务密钥support.apple.com。新数据随后使用新密钥加密，旧密钥无法解密新数据support.apple.com。同样地，当用户关闭高级数据保护返回标准保护时，设备会将原本仅存于本地的新密钥上传回苹果HSM，并可恢复使用先前的旧密钥support.apple.com。因此，可以总结：初始启用高级保护时会生成并切换到新的全局 DEK，此后这些密钥保持不变；如用户关闭功能则恢复旧密钥；除非再次启用或发生安全事件，系统通常不会主动更换全局 DEK。

值得注意的是，在极端情况下如果用户怀疑密钥泄露或设备失窃，用户可以选择通过重置整个端到端加密环境（例如先关闭再重新开启高级数据保护）来触发新的 DEK 生成，从而保护云端数据安全。然而，此操作会要求所有设备重新加入信任链，并重新上传数据副本加密后存储。

多设备环境下 DEK 的分发与封装

信任链机制： 苹果使用 iCloud 钥匙串的信任链（又称同步圈，circle of trust）来在多设备间安全同步全局 DEK。启用了高级数据保护后，属于用户 Apple ID 的所有受信设备共同构成一个加密信任链，每台设备都有一对用于同步的非对称椭圆曲线密钥（如 P-384）support.apple.com。当第一台设备生成全局 DEK 后，它会将这些密钥加入自身的 iCloud 钥匙串保护域，并通过 CloudKit 安全地共享给用户的其他设备support.apple.com。具体而言，设备会维护一份受信设备的公钥列表，并使用自身的私钥对列表签名后存储于 iCloud；只有持有用户账户密码或设备私钥者才能读取或篡改这份列表support.apple.com。这一机制保证了只有经过用户授权加入信任链的设备才能获取 DEK，其余任何第三方（包括苹果服务器）都无法读取信任链中的密钥数据support.apple.com。

密钥传递与封装：在多设备场景下，每台设备都会持有全局 DEK（各服务私钥）的一个副本，但这些副本始终以安全加密形式封装后再传输和存储。例如，当用户新增一台受信设备时，新设备会生成自己的同步密钥对并向云端发出加入信任链的请求support.apple.com。已有的一台受信设备（通常是用户主动在其上同意新增设备）会验证该请求并通过 设备间安全信道 传输 DEK 副本给新设备support.apple.com。在此过程中，现有设备会利用新设备的公钥来加密封装 DEK，或双方通过椭圆曲线 Diffie-Hellman（ECDH）协商会话密钥来传递 DEK，从而确保只有目标新设备能解开密钥包装。苹果未公开具体用哪种算法封装，但业界常用方案包括 AES 密钥封装算法（AES-KW） 或 AES-GCM 算法 对会话密钥加密support.apple.comsupport.apple.com。可以推测，Apple 采用了符合 NIST 标准的 AES-256 算法对对称 DEK 进行二次加密包装，并结合设备的非对称密钥进行密钥交换/加密，以实现端到端的安全传递。

本地存储与保护：当设备接收到封装的 DEK 后，会在本地将其解密并安全保存于设备的 Keychain 中。所有 DEK 私钥仅存在于设备的安全隔区中，例如 iPhone 的密钥保存在 Data Protection 类钥匙串项下，并受 Secure Enclave 协处理器保护（访问需通过用户设备解锁）support.apple.com。这样设计保证即使设备遗失或被攻破，未解锁状态下设备上的 DEK 依然难以提取。总之，多设备环境下，每台受信设备都持有全局 DEK 副本，但始终通过端到端加密的方式同步与存储：传输过程中使用公钥加密/会话密钥，存储时依赖设备硬件密钥封装技术（如 Secure Enclave 提供的UID派生密钥）进一步加密，最大程度降低密钥泄露风险。

设备新增、移除与丢失场景下 DEK 和数据的生命周期

新设备加入： 当用户在新设备上登入 iCloud 并启用高级数据保护时，该设备无法直接访问云端受保护数据，需要首先加入信任链。加入流程包括：新设备生成自己的同步密钥对并将公钥提交给苹果云端（CloudKit）support.apple.com；苹果服务器将此请求传达给用户已有的一台受信设备上，提醒用户有新设备申请加入。用户在已有设备上批准请求（需输入密码或通过生物识别验证身份），之后已有设备会将新设备的公钥添加到信任链并再次用自己的私钥和账户密码派生密钥签署信任圈数据support.apple.com。随后，该已有设备通过上述安全信道，将全局 DEK 的加密副本传送给新设备support.apple.com。一旦新设备成功解密获得 DEK，它就加入了受信设备列表，可以像其他设备一样解密云端的端到端加密数据。整个过程确保只有获得用户明示批准的新设备才能获取 DEK support.apple.com。

设备移除与更换：当用户从 Apple ID 中移除某台设备，或设备被抹除/重置时，该设备将不再被视为信任链的一员。此时其他仍在线的受信设备会更新信任链状态，将该设备的身份从受信列表中剔除support.apple.com。需要强调的是，移除设备本身并不会导致全局 DEK 自动更改。被移除的设备虽曾持有 DEK 副本，但一旦不再受信，其无法从苹果服务器获取新的数据更新，而且由于设备已从账户移除或被抹掉，攻击者无法再借此解密云端后续的数据。苹果并未设定在每次设备变动时轮换密钥，这是出于实用性的考虑——频繁更换 DEK 将要求对云端大量数据重新加密，代价高昂。不过，若某台设备遗失且用户怀疑其本地密钥可能泄露，用户可以选择手动采取措施，例如从 iCloud 设置中移除此设备并重置高级数据保护（关闭再开启），从而生成新的 DEK，保护未来的数据安全。

云端数据影响： 当设备移除或失效时，云端已经加密的数据依旧由原来的 DEK 保护，并不会因为设备离开而重新加密。只要用户其他任一受信设备仍保存着该 DEK，便可继续访问此前的数据。被移除的设备由于缺失信任凭证，也无法再从服务器同步到后续新增或修改的任何机密数据（即使攻击者拥有其物理设备，由于密钥受 Secure Enclave 和设备密码保护，也难以提取support.apple.com）。因此，在多设备环境中，云端数据的可访问性取决于至少有一台受信设备存有对应 DEK。只要用户至少有一台设备或有效的恢复方式，数据就可解密使用；反之则数据陷于加密状态无法读取。

失去所有设备：高级数据保护要求用户在失去所有受信设备的极端情况下，借助预先设置的恢复机制取回 DEK。苹果强制要求启用该功能的用户提供至少一种账户恢复方法（例如指定恢复联系人或设置恢复密钥）support.apple.comsupport.apple.com。当用户所有设备均遗失或不可用时，只有通过这些恢复方式才能重获对数据的访问权。具体而言，如果用户提前设置了恢复密钥（一串随机生成的28位字符）并安全保存，那么此时用户可在新设备上登陆 Apple ID，并输入该恢复密钥来恢复数据。苹果服务器会将一份加密的 DEK 备份（ escrow 记录 ）下发到新设备，而新设备利用用户提供的恢复密钥将其解密，提取出全局 DEKsupport.apple.comsupport.apple.com。由于恢复密钥是由用户掌控、苹果不存储明文的要素，只有提供正确密钥的新设备才能解开 escrow 获得 DEK。在成功恢复后，新设备将重建信任链，并可以访问之前端到端加密的所有云端数据。

若用户选择的是恢复联系人，流程类似：用户联系预先设定的可信联系人，由联系人通过其苹果设备生成一个验证代码提供给用户。用户在新设备上输入该代码后，苹果同样将加密的 DEK 备份下发，新设备据此恢复密钥。整个恢复流程依然遵循端到端加密原则：苹果仅充当中转并验证权限，但并不知晓用户的实际 DEK 内容support.apple.com。

不可恢复的情况：如果用户既没有其他受信设备、又未设置任何恢复联系人或恢复密钥，那么全局 DEK 将无法找回，相应的云端数据也就永久处于加密不可读状态support.apple.com。苹果明确表示，若用户丢失所有设备且无恢复方式，公司无法帮助用户恢复这部分端到端加密的数据support.apple.com。这凸显了高级数据保护的一个权衡：安全性增强的同时，数据恢复的责任完全由用户自担。因此用户需谨慎管理受信设备和恢复选项，以避免陷入无法解密个人数据的境地。

DEK 安全性的密码学保障机制

苹果在高级数据保护与 iCloud 钥匙串架构中运用了多种密码学机制来保障 DEK 的机密性和完整性，包括密钥封装、密钥派生、硬件安全模块，以及严格的权限控制：

• 端到端加密与密钥层级化：如上所述，iCloud 采用分层密钥架构对数据加密。以 CloudKit 私有数据库为例，每位用户有一个顶层的 CloudKit 服务密钥对，其私钥用来保护下层对称密钥（如 Zone密钥、Record记录密钥等）support.apple.com。当用户在设备上写入数据时，会生成记录级别的随机对称密钥加密数据字段，再逐层用上级密钥封装这些对称密钥。具体来说，记录密钥用 Zone 密钥加密，Zone 密钥再用全局服务公钥加密（即 DEK 公钥），形成多层密钥封装结构support.apple.com。只有持有最顶层私钥（DEK 私钥）的受信设备才能逐层解开封装，最终解密出用户数据。通过这种分层加密与密钥隔离设计，即使某一层的密钥泄露，攻击者也无法直接获取上层密钥或明文数据。

• AES 密钥封装与封闭式硬件存储：苹果广泛采用了经验证的对称加密算法来封装和存储 DEK。传输过程中的 DEK（或下层对称密钥）通常通过 AES-256 算法加密封装后再上传support.apple.com。一种常用方法是 AES 密钥包装 (AES-KW)，它专门用于用一个对称密钥安全地封装另一个密钥，确保密钥材料在传输中不暴露。与此同时，设备本地的 DEK 私钥会存储在受 Secure Enclave 保护的区域。Secure Enclave 为每台设备提供唯一的硬件 UID 密钥，仅用于解锁设备密钥袋和钥匙串项support.apple.com。也就是说， DEK 私钥本身可能被进一步用设备硬件密钥加密（这相当于在软件密钥之外又加了一道硬件锁）。只有当用户解锁设备并通过身份验证，操作系统才能调用 Secure Enclave 解封这些密钥用于加解密操作。通过AES-GCM 等对称加密结合Secure Enclave 硬件密钥封装，苹果确保 DEK 无论在云端传输还是本地存储，都始终处于加密状态，降低被截获或提取的风险support.apple.com。

• 椭圆曲线密码与密钥交换： 信任链中设备互认和密钥共享依赖椭圆曲线密码算法。每台设备的同步身份密钥对采用强大的 P-256 或 P-384 曲线support.apple.comsupport.apple.com。当新设备加入时，已有设备会利用椭圆曲线数字签名算法 (ECDSA) 对信任链数据签名校验，防止伪造support.apple.com。同时，在设备间传输 DEK 时，可能使用椭圆曲线 Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) 来建立共享密钥，加密传输内容。ECDH 可确保即使通信被窃听，攻击者无法推导出会话密钥，因而无法获取密钥内容。综上，非对称加密和密钥交换协议保证了只有合法设备才能参与密钥同步，新设备的引入需要现有设备用其私钥签名确认，杜绝中间人攻击或伪造信任链的可能。

• 密钥派生函数 (KDF)：在某些步骤中，苹果使用了密钥派生函数强化密码。历史上，iCloud 钥匙串曾要求用户设置 iCloud 安全码时，将用户密码通过 PBKDF2 等KDF算法派生出密钥，用于签名和加密信任圈hackmag.comhackmag.com。即便在新的双重认证架构下，某些场景仍可能涉及KDF——例如恢复密钥或联系人代码很可能通过 KDF 转换为实际用于解密 escrow 密文的密钥材料。这些 KDF 算法引入高强度的盐值和大量迭代运算hackmag.com，增强了抗暴力破解能力，防止弱口令被攻击者猜测。总之，KDF 的应用确保从用户口令/恢复码到加密密钥的映射具有单向性和计算复杂度，进一步保护 DEK 相关流程的安全。

服务器无权获取明文 DEK 的保障

苹果的设计宗旨是在云端架起“盲墙”，确保服务器既无权也无实能接触用户 DEK 的明文，这也是实现“即使云端泄露，用户数据仍安全”的关键：

• 密钥仅存在于用户端： 开启高级数据保护后，所有主要 iCloud 数据类别的加密密钥仅存储于用户受信设备（或用户掌握的恢复载体）中，苹果服务器端不再保存这些密钥support.apple.com。文档明确指出，启用该功能后，苹果“无法读取或访问用户的服务密钥”support.apple.com。即在正常运行过程中，苹果的云服务器从未拥有解锁用户端到端加密数据所需的密钥。服务器所见到的只是由用户设备加密后的数据碎片，对其而言是不可解密的黑箱。

• 云端存储密文及加密元数据：iCloud 服务器虽然需要存储用户数据（如云照片、备忘录的加密内容），但这些内容均已由设备使用 DEK 加密完成。即便是为了提供某些功能，云端保留了少量未加密的元数据（如文件校验和用于重复数据消除），这些元数据也不包含可用于推导 DEK 的信息support.apple.comsupport.apple.com。苹果正在致力于将更多此类元数据也纳入端到端加密范围，以进一步减少明文暴露面support.apple.com。此外，CloudKit 框架要求开发者在模式中明确标记需要加密的字段，未标记的字段（例如排序用的时间戳）即便明文存储，亦不涉及敏感内容support.apple.com。由此，云服务器始终缺乏关于 DEK 或用户敏感数据的明文，一旦发生数据泄露或内部越权，攻击者拿到的也只是高强度加密下的乱码。

• 权限架构防范后门访问：苹果构建的信任链机制也防止了服务器假借授权来获取密钥的可能性。服务器不能私自添加受信设备或篡改信任链，因为每次信任链更新都需要现有设备的私钥签名以及（在老架构下）用户密码派生密钥的二次签名hackmag.comsupport.apple.com。苹果服务器既不持有用户设备私钥，也不知晓用户密码，因此无法伪造这些签名来诱导其他设备信任一个恶意设备。即使在双重认证体系下，服务器在设备加入流程中充当中继，并没有能力绕过用户批准直接将新设备植入圈内support.apple.comsupport.apple.com。这种架构等于为服务器访问用户密钥设置了密码学上的禁区。正如苹果安全白皮书所言，在最坏情形下如果用户丢失对 iCloud 钥匙串和其恢复机制的访问，那么相应的端到端加密数据苹果也无力恢复support.apple.com。苹果通过制度和技术结合，确保即便政府或机构要求提供用户数据，由于公司本身并无解密能力，只能交出加密的内容。

综上所述，Apple 高级数据保护下，全局数据加密密钥的生成由用户设备掌控，借助 iCloud 钥匙串信任链在多设备间安全同步。无论是在设备增加、移除还是用户失去设备的情况下，密钥和数据的生命周期管理均以用户掌控为中心：只要用户保有至少一个密钥载体（设备或恢复方式），数据即可解密使用；反之苹果也无法绕过用户获取密钥明文support.apple.com。苹果通过成熟的加密算法（AES-KW、ECDH 等）、硬件支持（Secure Enclave）、密钥分层与派生策略，实现了“零信任”云存储：服务器对用户密钥一无所知，从而使用户云端数据获得前所未有的保密性提升。

附录

图：高级数据保护下全局 DEK 管理的流程示意图。包含初始启用（设备 A 上生成新密钥并删除苹果服务器密钥）、新设备加入信任链（设备 B 请求并由设备 A 批准传输密钥）、设备移除或丢失（更新信任列表，但密钥通常不变）、以及用户失去所有设备时的恢复流程（通过恢复密钥取回 DEK）。各阶段均保证 DEK 安全不被未授权实体获取。

@ 6b0a60cf:b952e7d4

タイトルは釣りです。そんなこと微塵も思っていません。 本稿はアウトボックスモデルの実装に関してうだうだ考えるコーナーです。 ダムスに関して何か言いたいわけではないので先にタイトル回収しておきます。

• NIP-65を守る気なんかさらさら無いのにNIP-65に書いてあるkind:10002のReadリレーの意味を知っていながら全然違う使い方をしているのは一部の和製クライアントの方だよね
• NIP-65を守る気が無いならkind:10002を使うべきではなく、独自仕様でリレーを保存するべきだよね
• アウトボックスモデルを採用しているクライアントからすれば仕様と異なる実装をしてしまっているクライアントが迷惑だと思われても仕方ないよね
• と考えればダムスの方が潔いよね
• とはいえkind:3のcontentは空にしろって言われてんだからやっぱダムスはゴミだわ
• やるとしたらRabbitみたいにローカルに保存するか、別デバイス間で同期したいならkind:30078を使うべきだよね

アウトボックスモデルはなぜ人気がないのか

言ってることはとてもいいと思うんですよ。 欠点があるとすれば、

• 末端のユーザーからすればreadリレーとwriteリレーと書かれると直感的にイメージされるものとかけ離れている
• 正しく設定してもらうには相当の説明が必要
• フォローTLを表示しようとすれば非常にたくさんのリレーと接続することになり現実的ではない
• なるほど完璧な作戦っスねーっ 不可能だという点に目をつぶればよぉ～

余談ですが昔irisでログインした時に localhost のリレーに繋ごうとしてiris壊れたって思ったけど今思えばアウトボックスモデルを忠実に実装してたんじゃないかな…。

現実的に実装する方法は無いのか

これでReadすべきリレーをシミュレーションできる。 https://nikolat.github.io/nostr-relay-trend/ フォローイーのWriteリレーを全部購読しようとすると100個近いリレー数になるので現実的ではありません。 しかしフォローイーのWriteリレーのうち1個だけでよい、とする条件を仮に追加すると一気にハードルが下がります。私の場合はReadリレー含めて7個のリレーに収まりました。 Nos Haikuはとりあえずこの方針でいくことにしました。

今後どうしていきたいのか

エンドユーザーとしての自分の志向としては、自分が指定したリレーだけを購読してほしい、勝手に余計なリレーを読みに行かないでほしい、という気持ちがあり、現状の和製クライアントの仕様を気に入っています。 仮にNos Haikuでアウトボックスモデルを採用しつつ自分の決めたリレーに接続するハイブリッド実装を考えるとすれば、
あなたの購読するリレーはこれですよー - Read(inbox) Relays (あなたへのメンションが届くリレー) - wss://relay1.example.com/ - wss://relay2.example.com/ - wss://relay3.example.com/ - Followee's Write Relays (フォローイーが書き込んでいるリレー) - wss://relay4.example.com/ - wss://relay5.example.com/ - wss://relay6.example.com/

って出して、チェックボックス付けてON/OFFできるようにして最終的に購読するリレーをユーザーに決めてもらう感じかな……って漠然と考えています。よほど時間を持て余したときがあればやってみるかも。

あとリレーを数は仕方ないとしてリレーごとにフォローイーの投稿だけを取得するようにした方が理にかなってるよね。全部のリレーから全部のフォローイーの投稿を取得しようとしたら(実装はシンプルで楽だけど)通信量が大変だよね。 rx-nostr の Forward Strategy ってリレーごとにREQかえて一度に購読できるっけ？

常にひとつ以下の REQ サブスクリプションを保持します。

って書いてあるから無理なのかな？ あとReadリレーは純粋に自分へのメンション(pタグ付き)イベントのみを購読するようにした方がいい気がする。スパム対策としてかなり有効だと思うので。スパムはNIP-65に準拠したりはしていないでしょうし。 まぁ、NIP-65に準拠していないクライアントからのメンションは届かなくなってしまうわけですが。

@ 91117f2b:111207d6

Crypto currency is now a buzzword in the financial world. Many people are wondering what it is all about. In my article I will break down the basis of crypto currency and at the same time explore it's basis and risks.

MANY ASKS "WHAT IS CRYPTO CURRENCY

Crypto currency is a virtual or digital currency that uses cryptography for security. Which means it is not controlled by government or financial institutions. The transaction are recorded on a public ledger also called a blockchain which ensures the transparency and security of crypto currency.

MANY ASKS HOW DOES IT WORK

Crypto currency has different stages such as the mining, transaction and the wallet stage. THE MINING STAGE: Crypto currency is created through a process which is described as mining, and where your hardwares or computer solve complex mathematical problem to validate your transaction and create new coins.

TRANSACTION STAGE: crypto currency can be be traded for other currencies, they can also be used to buy goods and services online.

WALLET: crypto currency is stored digitally which can be accessed through your hardwares or even your softwares.

THEY ARE BENEFITS AND RISKS FOR CRYPTO CURRENCY

HERE ARE SOME BENEFITS 1. Decentralization :decentralization gives users more control over their money, because crypto currency operates independently of government and banks.

1. ACCESSIBILITY: crypto currency can be accessed by anyone through the use of internet making it to be a solution for finances.
2. SECURITY: the transactions of crypto currencies are secure and also transparent through the aid of blockchain technology.

HERE ARE SOME RISKS

1. SECURITY RISKS: during exchange in crypto currency wallets can be vulnerable to hacking and cyber theft.

2. VOLATILITY: crypto currency can fluctuate or tends to fluctuate rapidly making it a risky investment.

3. REGULATORY UNCERTAINTY: the rules and regulations of crypto currency is still evolving, which can create uncertainty and risks for investors.

SOME POPULAR CRYPTO CURRENCIES

1. BITCOIN: it is the most reknown crypto currency and is often a gold standard for digital currencies.

2. ETHERIUM: it is a popular platform for building decentralized applications. Etherium has its own crypto currency called Ether.

3. ALTCOINS: they are other crypto currenciss like montero, lite coin and so on, which offers alternatives.

IN CONCLUSION

Crypto currency is complex and it is rapidly evolving, both with benefit and risks. It is essential to stay updated and informed to understand the changes both opportunities and challenges. I assure you whatever you do for a living crypto currency is worth your time and explorations.