@ bf47c19e:c3d2573b

Originalni tekst na armantheparman.com / Autor: @parman_the

---

Puno sam razmišljao o ovom pitanju i konačno se osećam spremnim da ponudim sveobuhvatan odgovor.

UKRATKO – ako imamo novac rođen na slobodnom tržištu, u slobodnom društvu, koji treba da zameni fiat novac, onda on ne može biti ravnomerno raspoređen od samog početka dok istovremeno svi ljudi cene njegovu vrednost – nužno mora proći kroz period kada ga samo nekolicina ljudi vrednuje.

Jednakost i pravičnost

Želim da počnem sa značenjem reči „pravično“. Mnogi ljudi, posebno oni koji pripadaju političkoj levici, smatraju da nešto mora biti jednako da bi bilo pravično. Na prvi pogled i bez dubljeg razmišljanja, to deluje ispravno ali zapravo je veoma netačno. Možda verujete da je jednakost instinktivno očekivanje od strane jednakih ljudi. Greška nastaje kada se taj prirodni instinkt nesvesno prenosi na druge stvari.

Zamislimo prirodan osećaj nepravde koji dete može doživeti kada njegov brat ili sestra (vršnjak) dobiju više slatkiša od njega – „Zašto on/ona zaslužuje više od mene?“ Ovo uvodi dodatnu promenljivu – „zaslužiti“, o čemu ću govoriti u kasnijem odeljku. Za sada ću se fokusirati na jednakost i pravičnost.

Nerazumno je i nelogično očekivati da sve u prirodi bude jednako. S obzirom na to da u prirodi postoje razlike u sposobnostima i drugim karakteristikama, rezultati tih razlika će, naravno, biti nejednako raspoređeni. Poricanje toga znači poricanje stvarnosti i poricanje uzročno-posledične veze. Mešati se u to znači „igrati se Boga“.

Na primer, neka stabla dobijaju više sunčeve svetlosti i kiše od drugih i bujnije napreduju; neke životinje jedu druge životinje; neki ljudi su mudriji, jači, brži, privlačniji ili produktivniji od drugih. Takva je priroda i to je srž prirodne selekcije i evolucije i na taj način prirodni ekosistemi postižu ravnotežu.

Iako biste možda želeli da se mešate u ravnotežu prirode u svojoj bašti s povrćem, primenjivanje svojih želja na živote drugih ljudi protiv njihove volje može biti nemoralno. Na primer, oduzimanje bogatstva/imetka (silom) koje je zaradio neko ko je sposobniji ili više doprinosi društvu i ustupanje tog bogatstva nekome siromašnom i manje produktivnom (suština socijalizma) je autoritativno, dugoročno kontraproduktivno za sve i vodi ka konačnom kolapsu civilizacije (Ajn Rend je ovo istraživala u svom remek-delu od 1244 strane, romanu Pobunjeni Atlas (engl. Atlas Shrugged), koji toplo preporučujem). Ovo „forsiranje“ jednakih nagrada za rezultate različitih sposobnosti koristi „pravičnost“ kao opravdanje ali je suštinski NEPRAVIČNO, jer ide protiv prirode.

Uzimanje (silom) od onih koji su zaradili više i preraspodela onima koji su zaradili manje predstavlja ideal JEDNAKOSTI u ishodima ali, da bi se to postiglo, ljude tretirate nejednako.

Nagrade raspoređene na osnovu prirodnih razlika (npr. sposobnosti, predviđanja, iskustva) ili razlika u uloženom trudu, bez mešanja spoljnih sila koje nameću svoju volju (autoritarizam) – to je PRAVIČNOST. Ovo je u skladu s jednakim tretiranjem ljudi shodno prirodnim zakonima, pa čak i zakonima vlasti.

Alternativni pogled na pravičnost je da nagrade treba da se zasnivaju na moralu – iako to zvuči lepo, to je čista fantazija.

Ljudska prava

Ništa od ovoga ne znači da neke stvari ne bi trebalo da budu jednake. Na primer, ljudska prirodna prava su zapravo jednaka. Ona NE zavise od sposobnosti, potreba, morala, kriminalne prošlosti, političkih uverenja, sreće, truda, statusa, važnosti, slave – nimalo.

Ona se zasnivaju na tome što smo ljudi.

Zašto je ovo relevantno postaće jasno veoma brzo. Svi imaju jednaka prirodna prava. Neki primeri su pravo na život, slobodu, govor i privatnost. Ova prava postoje bez potrebe za dozvolom da postoje – mogu biti prekršena ili poštovana/zaštićena – ali nisu nam dodeljena ili data, niti nam mogu biti oduzeta. Ona su nezavisna od zakona.

Da pojasnim, sva ova prava ne zahtevaju da neko drugi nešto uradi za vas. „Pravo na život“ izgleda kao da krši ovo pravilo ali zapravo bi trebalo da se zove „pravo da ne budete ubijeni“; niko nema ljudsko pravo da primorava nekoga da ga održava u životu. Slično je i sa slobodom govora, niko nema pravo da mu se obezbedi platforma za govor ali ima pravo da ne bude ućutkan. Prava značenja se mogu izgubiti u jednostavnom jeziku/rečima koje smo navikli da koristimo.

Sledeće je veoma važno razumeti: prirodno ljudsko pravo je nešto što imamo na osnovu našeg inteligentnog RAZMIŠLJANJA o tome šta je ispravno i pogrešno i ne podleže diskreciji autoritativne vlasti. Međutim, autoritativna vlast ima sposobnost da to pravo prekrši ili zaštiti.

To što imam ljudska prava ne znači da će trenutni autoritet današnjice (vlada) zaštititi ta prava. Umesto toga, odgovornost dobronamerne autoritativne vlasti je da ih zaštiti.

Da sumiram:

Prirodno ljudsko pravo je nešto što svi ljudi imaju (ali zakon ne štiti uvek).

Ovo se razlikuje od zakonskog prava:

Zakonsko pravo je nešto što daje autoritativna vlast.

Sada kada su ljudska prava površno objašnjena, želim da ponovo naglasim nešto veoma važno:

Dok je jednakost ljudskih prava prirodna stvar koju treba očekivati između svih ljudi, veoma je različito očekivati jednakost nagrada za naše sposobnosti ili trud. Da bismo postigli jednake nagrade, moramo ljude tretirati različito, što je suštinski nepravično.

Ne mislim da je potreban dalji logički argument. Ako se još uvek ne slažete, predlažem da ponovo pročitate ono što sam rekao i razmislite o tome.

Povezujući se sa temom ovog teksta, distribucijom bitkoina – bogatstvo nije ljudsko pravo, ono je NAGRADA. Jednakost bogatstva između ljudi takođe nije ljudsko pravo. Međutim, ljudsko je pravo biti slobodan da posedujete imovinu i da vaša imovina ne bude narušena. Odgovornost svake postojeće vlade je da zaštiti ta ljudska prava. Za dalje čitanje, pogledajte libertarijanizam.

Zasluživanje

Vraćajući se na „zasluživanje“ – ovo je ljudski konstrukt, zasnovan na dobru i zlu: „Dobri ljudi zaslužuju dobre stvari, a loši ljudi zaslužuju kaznu.“

U stvarnosti, međutim, loše stvari se dešavaju dobrim ljudima, a dobre stvari se dešavaju lošim ljudima. Mnogima je teško da to prihvate.

Koristeći logiku, i dalje može imati savršenog smisla zašto ljudi ne dobijaju uvek ono što zaslužuju – jer priroda ne dodeljuje nagrade savršeno na osnovu ljudskih konstrukata dobra i zla.

Čovek je taj koji pokušava da nadgleda ravnotežu između posledica i morala. Ljudi zamišljaju kako stvari treba izgledaju ali što više budu obraćali pažnju na prirodu, to će više biti razočarani stvarnošću.

Umesto toga, u prirodi postoje uzrok i posledica. Postoji određena predvidljivost ali takođe postoji i izvesna slučajnost, sviđalo se to nama ili ne. Mnogima se to ne sviđa.

Ne shvatite ovo kao poziv na ukidanje nagrađivanja i kažnjavanja u društvu. Ono što razmatram je da nije moguće da čovečanstvo uspešno nadgleda celokupnu prirodu na osnovu onoga što je zasluženo (koristeći moralnu definiciju „zasluživanja“). Pretpostavljam da bi visoko napredna autoritarna država mogla pokušati.

Pravična raspodela novog novca

Da bismo odlučili kako bi distribucija Bitkoina trebalo da izgleda u idealnom svetu, najpre razmotrimo šta je poželjno I moguće za novi novac, a zatim možemo videti koliko je Bitkoinov dizajn to veličanstveno postigao:

Kreiraćemo hipotetički novi novac. Dajmo mu neke neupitne karakteristike relevantne za ovu diskusiju (ovo nije potpuna lista):

1. Novac će biti digitalan.
2. Jer fizički novac, zlato, nije uspeo.

3. U globalnom društvu, sa bilo kojim fizičkim novcem (nedigitalnim), potrebne su treće strane (za digitalizaciju fizičkog novca i omogućavanje plaćanja na daljinu), što dovodi do razvoja fiat novca.

4. Novac će biti rođen na slobodnom tržištu.

5. Odnosno, vrednost nije nametnuta zakonom. Setimo se da je Bitkoin izmišljen da odvoji novac od države.

6. Niko ne kontroliše njegovo izdavanje niti može promeniti ponudu novca.

7. Pristup ovom novcu dostupan je svima.

8. U razumnim granicama – ne treba novoj monetarnoj jedinici nametati teret rešavanja svakog zamislivog problema u svetu

9. Zavisnost od država ili banaka za čuvanje novca u ime pojedinaca neće postojati, iako je to dozvoljeno i opcionalno.

10. Ako je to obavezno, ponovo ćemo završiti sa fiat novcem.

Sada moramo distribuirati ovaj novac koji smo upravo stvorili. Kako to učiniti što je „pravičnije“ moguće? Hajde da pokušamo da damo svakom čoveku na Zemlji jednak deo, kao jedan razuman pokušaj „pravičnosti“.

Da bi to bilo izvodljivo, svaki čovek mora biti u nekoj bazi podataka – pretpostavimo da to imamo. Možda moramo prihvatiti da će neki ljudi naći način da budu višestruko upisani u toj bazi i tako prevare sistem ali zamislimo da pronađemo način da to uglavnom sprečimo.

Sada moramo dodeliti sredstva tako da svaka osoba ima privatni ključ za svoja sredstva i niko drugi – to je suština digitalnog vlasništva. Ko god ima privatni ključ ima moć da troši sredstva i time poseduje novac. Dakle, svaki čovek mora biti jedina osoba koja ima pristup svojim privatnim ključevima (uz neke izuzetke kada je u pitanju pomoć od strane pouzdanih članova porodice). Pretpostavimo da postoji neko novo tehnološko otkriće koje to nekako čini izvodljivim i lakim za sve, bez potrebe za centralnom institucijom poput banke koja bi obezbedila sigurnost.

Veoma važno i gotovo neostvarivo – svi koji imaju privatni ključ treba da ga zaštite – odnosno, ne smeju ga izgubiti, trebalo bi da znaju njegovu važnost i da im ne bude ukraden (katastrofe sa privatnim ključevima dogodile su se mnogim ranim korisnicima Bitkoina) ili da ne budu prevareni da ga poklone ili prodaju jeftino.

Za sada nam dobro ide ali uz neke optimistične pretpostavke.

Zamislimo da nekim čudom možemo efikasno preneti informacije o novim novčićima i privatnim ključevima svim ljudima na Zemlji bez obzira na njihove okolnosti (u razumnim granicama). Naravno, oni bi na početku imali NULTU vrednost (jer su besplatno stvoreni i nemaju drugu upotrebu osim kao novac).

Setimo se, kao što je navedeno u početnim uslovima, ovde nema autoritativne vlasti i ne možemo prisiliti ljude da vrednuju ovaj novac i koriste ga, kao što države koriste silu za fiat novac. Ovde je svrha oslobađanje od fiat novca.

Čestitamo, sada imamo hipotetičku alternativu Bitkoinu koja je RAVNOMERNO raspoređena svakom čoveku na Zemlji i svaki čovek ima kontrolu nad svojim novcem. Da li je ovo bolje od lansiranja/distribucije Bitkoina u januaru 2009. godine? Da li je ovo rešilo problem jednake raspodele?

Još uvek ne, a razlog je što smo distribuirali nešto što je bezvredno.

Potrebna nam je još jedna stvar – svi moraju ISTOVREMENO vrednovati novostečeni novac KAO NOVAC i prihvatati/trošiti ga na otprilike istoj vrednosti. Očigledno, ovo nije moguće u slobodnom društvu.

Ovo je veoma važno - „slobodno društvo“. Moramo dozvoliti ljudima da rade šta žele sa ovim novoraspoređenim novcem. Šta će se desiti? Neki ljudi će ga visoko vrednovati, a neki neće – ljudi koji ga visoko vrednuju kupiće ga od onih koji ga ne vrednuju. I šta nam onda ostaje? Mali deo sveta koji veruje u ovaj novac i sada poseduje većinu ponude.

Čekajte, zar nije upravo to slučaj sa Bitkoinom? Zar se ljudi nisu baš zbog toga žalili?

Kada je Bitkoin u pitanju, većina nas je imala otprilike jednak pristup početnim novčićima. Svi su mogli da rudare, a novčići su u početku bili gotovo bezvredni. Rani korisnici su trgovali troškovima električne struje, svojim vremenom i trudom u zamenu za novoizrudarene bitkoine.

Ne, Satoši nije „unapred“ rudario (eng. pre-mine), on JESTE RUDARIO zajedno sa svima ostalima (počevši od 3. januara 2009.) dva meseca nakon najave novog sistema (31. oktobra 2008.).

Nije postojalo znanje da će Bitkoin sigurno imati neku vrednost. Rani rudari su zaradili svoj deo bitkoina jer su posedovali predviđanje o njegovoj budućoj vrednost i preuzeli su RIZIK sa svojim resursima, vremenom i trudom. Vi i ja, mi smo to ignorisali. Smejali smo se tome. Nadali smo se da će propasti. „Zaslužili“ smo da propustimo priliku.

Postoji izreka među Bitkoinerima: „Svi će kupiti bitkoin po ceni koju zaslužuju.“

Zašto smo pogrešili i šta se desilo da vremenom dobije na vrednosti? Činjenica da su mu neki ljudi, rani korisnici, DAVALI vrednost (vrednost je subjektivna ljudska odluka), a zatim su se vremenom pridružili i drugi. Rani korisnici su bili u pravu što su verovali da će ga drugi kasnije vrednovati nakon što su oni preuzeli rizike, a Bitkoin nije propao. Što kasnije ulazite u Bitkoin, to je rizik manji, a cena koju plaćate za njegovo sticanje je viša – ovo je prikladno.

Zbog neizvesnosti, mnogi ljudi nisu rudarili, niti su odvojili vreme da ozbiljno razmotre ili kupe bitkoin kada su imali priliku. To bi bio slučaj sa BILO KOJIM novostvorenim novcem, čak i ako je ravnomerno raspoređen.

Drugim rečima, ponuditi ravnomernu raspodelu od samog početka je suštinski isto kao i ponuditi podjednake šanse za sticanje bitkoina.

Kao što sam rekao na početku:

Ako imamo novac rođen na slobodnom tržištu, u slobodnom društvu, koji treba da zameni fiat novac – onda on ne može biti ravnomerno raspodeljen od početka, a da ga svi ljudi istovremeno vrednuju. Neminovno mora proći kroz period kada ga samo nekolicina ljudi vrednuje.

Satoši je odlično obavio posao dizajnirajući protokol tako da se izdavanje odvija tokom vremena. Može se raspravljati o tome da li je mogao učiniti izdavanje malo drugačijim ali on/ona/oni je samo čovek (verovatno), tako da imamo ono što imamo i to se sada ne može promeniti.

U početku su rudari bili nagrađivani sa 50 novčića svakih 10 minuta (svaki blok), a ovaj iznos se prepolovljava svakih 210.000 blokova (otprilike svake 4 godine). Trenutno je nagrada za svaki blok 6.25 bitkoina, a izdato je 19.5 miliona od 21 milion novčića. U 2024. godini nagrada će biti prepolovljena na 3.125 bitkoina svakih 10 minuta.

Pored pružanja jednakih prilika tokom raspodele novčića, Satošijev dizajn postepene distribucije takođe jača kvalitet novca i njegov potencijal za uspeh. U sledećem odeljku ću diskutovati o tome kako distribucija utiče na kvalitet novca.

Idealna distribucija novca na slobodnom tržištu

Ostavljajući po strani pravičnost i moral, želeo bih ovde da iznesem argument da raspodela ne-fiat novca kroz populaciju predstavlja promenljivu koja utiče na kvalitet novca.

Da su svi bitkoini bili dostupni od samog početka, onda bi veoma mali broj ljudi posedovao celokupnu ponudu. To bi zapravo dovelo do rizika od neuspeha Bitkoina jer, da bi novac bio koristan, mora biti široko distribuiran. Jedna od funkcija rudarenja bila je distribucija novčića – Satošijev dizajn je osigurao da distribucija bude dovoljna kako bi novac vremenom stekao vrednost, što bi zatim omogućilo trošenje i dalju distribuciju.

Razmišljanje o ekstremima pomaže. Zamislite da jedna osoba poseduje celokupnu ponudu svetskog novca. U tom slučaju, da li bi ta jedinica imala ikakvu vrednost kao novac? Tvrdim bi da bi imala nultu monetarnu vrednost ali, u zavisnosti od toga šta je, mogla bi imati neku robnu vrednost (neki ljudi kažu „intrinzična vrednost“ kada zapravo misle na robnu vrednost ili nemonetarnu vrednost. Dublja diskusija o ovome može se pronaći ovde).

Možda već znate kako novac evoluira iz stanja trampe, što je detaljno objašnjeno ovde, a ukratko je sledeće: U društvu zasnovanom na trampi, potencijalno monetarno dobro inicijalno ima vrednost zbog svoje nemonetarne upotrebe (nemonetarna vrednost), pa počinje sa monetarnom premijom koja je jednaka nuli. Ako ga poseduje dovoljan broj ljudi, postaje praktično koristiti ga kao sredstvo razmene kako bi se prevazišla ograničenja trampe, čime se povećava trgovina, smanjuje rizik specijalizacije i povećava prosperitet tog društva. Kako ovaj tip razmene postaje sve rasprostranjeniji, jedinica postaje poželjnija, što povećava vrednost iznad robne vrednosti. Ova dodatna vrednost je monetarna premija. Monetarna premija zatim uzrokuje da više ljudi poseduje jedinicu i putem pozitivne povratne sprege, ona na kraju postaje univerzalno prihvaćena, što dovodi do toga da monetarna premija dostigne pun potencijal – tj. potpuno usvojena kao novac.

Vraćajući se na hipotetičku situaciju u kojoj jedna osoba drži sav raspoloživi novac na svetu – to predstavlja suprotnost celokupnom procesu gde se monetarna premija razvila iz trampe. Ako se proces potpuno obrne, završavamo na početnom stanju gde jedinica ima nultu monetarnu premiju.

Uporedite to sa suprotnim ekstremom – šta ako svi na svetu poseduju ovaj novac u podjednakoj meri? U tom slučaju, imali biste maksimalno poverenje da će jedinica biti prihvaćena u trgovini.

Sada razmotrimo sredinu između dva ekstrema – ako postoji populacija ljudi koja uopšte ne poseduje ovaj novac, vaša sigurnost u to gde i kod koga možete potrošiti svoj novac u budućnosti bila bi niža – pa je stoga i kvalitet novca niži. Vidim da bi mogao da postoji kontinuum ali u nekom trenutku raspodela će biti dovoljna da novac funkcioniše dobro, a svaka dalja promena ka ravnomernijoj distribuciji imaće zanemarljiv efekat.

Nakon što sam ovo shvatio, postavio sam pitanje: da li je zaista distribucija novca ono što je ovde važno, ili je to prihvatanje tog novca kao sredstva plaćanja, tj. potražnja? Zaključio sam da su one blisko povezane.

Čini se intuitivnim da ako jedna osoba ima sav novac na svetu, više ljudi bi odbilo tu jedinicu kao novac, bilo zato što bi se bunili protiv nejednakosti bogatstva, bilo zato što ne bi bili sigurni da li će je drugi prihvatiti. A ako svi poseduju deo novca, intuitivno je verovati da bi ga više ljudi prihvatilo.

Što se tiče Bitkoina, distribucija je počela sa jednom osobom koja je držala celokupnu raspoloživu ponudu. To se dogodilo u prvom bloku, 3. januara 2009. kada je Satoši izrudario prvi blok i bio nagrađen sa 50 bitkoina. U to vreme nije mogao dobiti više bitkoina zbog pravila protokola – morao je nastaviti da rudari i akumulira novčiće tokom vremena.

U prvim danima, samo su Satoši i Hal Fini rudarili. Zatim su se pridružili drugi i sada je to svetski fenomen. Postepeno izdavanje novih novčića značajno je pomoglo distribuciji. Kako su novi novčići izdavani tokom vremena, oni koji su kasnije ušli još uvek su mogli da se takmiče sa ranijim korisnicima.

Trinaest godina kasnije, većina digitalnih kovanica (oko 19,5 miliona od 21 milion) distribuirana je rudarenjem.

"Zar najbogatiji Bitkoineri neće samo gomilati novčiće i kontrolisati mrežu da bi uvećali svoje bogatstvo što bi dovelo do smanjene distribucije?

Shvatio sam da ono što je važno nije široka distribucija, već široka potražnja. To će povećati cenu i podstaći rane korisnike da oslobode (potroše) deo svojih novčića kako bi poboljšali kvalitet svog života i to je prirodno; na ovaj način, vlasništvo nad bitkoinima postaje ravnomernije raspoređeno tokom vremena, a sa ovom raspodelom njegova vrednost kao novca raste, što dodatno pomaže potražnji, što dalje pomaže ranim usvojiteljima da potroše novčiće.

Veoma važna razlika u poređenju sa fiat novcem je da oni sa najviše novca nemaju nepošten uticaj u cilju povećanja svog bogatstva. Šanse su jednake. U fiat sistemu, oni koji su najbogatiji prvi imaju pristup štampariji novca (npr. bailout-ovi, državne subvencije velikim kompanijama koje formiraju monopole ili pristup jeftinom kreditu koji je zapravo oblik štampanja novca) i oni troše taj novac u ekonomiji pre nego što cene porastu kako bi se prilagodile povećanju ponude novca (Kantiljonov efekat).

Kod Bitkoina nema štampanja novca. Oni sa najvećim bitkoin bogatstvom uživaju u tom bogatstvu trošeći ga onima koji rade za njega (kada bitkoin postane univerzalno prihvaćen kao novac), omogućavajući veću distribuciju.

Naravno, najbogatiji Bitkoineri mogu povećati svoje bogatstvo ali to će biti učinjeno razmenom nečega vrednog sa onima koji im plaćaju bitkoinom (tj. dobrovoljna razmena), nasuprot suštinskoj „krađi“ kao što je slučaj kod Kantiljonovog efekta.

U slobodnom svetu, ako bogati Bitkoiner pruža uslugu, a siromašni Bitkoiner mu plati, OBOJICA poboljšavaju svoju situaciju. Bogati Bitkoiner je zaradio više bitkoina, a siromašni Bitkoiner je, razmotrivši prednosti i nedostatke, odlučio da će njegov/njen život biti bolji trošenjem nešto bitkoina. Ne izmišljam ovde ništa, ovo je osnovno učenje austrijske ekonomske škole i prilično intuitivno.

Ali pogledaj, gotovo niko ne troši. Kako Bitkoin može biti novac? Novac mora da se troši

O ovome sam već pisao ali vredi ponoviti ovde jer sam siguran da će ovo pitanje iskrsnuti kada se razmatra distribucija novčića.

Pomalo je zbunjujuće jer da bi žeton/jedinica bila novac, mora se koristiti kao novac. To je drugačije od jezika – jezik je i dalje jezik čak i ako ga niko ne govori.

Da bi jedinica postala novac, ne samo da mora imati TEHNIČKE osobine novca (retkost, deljivost, prepoznatljivost, prenosivost, zamenjivost, itd.), već mora imati i DRUŠTVENE osobine – tj. mrežu ljudi koji ga vrednuju kao novac - na veoma sličan način kao što je jeziku potrebno da poseduje određene tehničke osobine (zvuci, simboli i pravila) da bi bio koristan ali i mrežu ljudi koji komuniciraju njime.

Sada kada je ovo razjašnjeno, razmotrimo Bitkoin. On ima odlične tehničke monetarne osobine ali ga nedovoljno ljudi koristi kao novac. To bi trebalo da vas navede da zaključite da on nije dobar novac u celini – ALI, to ne znači da neće postati dobar novac. Bitkoineri veruju da hoće i zato ga i prihvataju čekajući da ostatak sveta uhvati priključak.

Samo zato što možete čuti neke Bitkoinere koji promovišu Bitkoin kao novac, to ne znači da greše i da će Bitkoin zato propasti. Oni se pozivaju na superiorne tehničke osobine Bitkoina kao novca. Njihovi protivnici se raspravljaju koristeći drugačiju definiciju, žaleći se da se Bitkoin ne koristi kao novac.

Zaključak

Objasnio sam da se distribucija Bitkoina razvija otprilike onako kako bi se razvijala distribucija bilo kog novca na slobodnom tržištu i da je očekivanje ravnomerne raspodele nerealno. Priroda novca je takva kakva je, nekima se to možda ne sviđa ali to ne daje valjanost argumentu da bi od Bitkoina trebalo odustati i vratiti se novcu koji se nalazi pod neposrednom kontrolom određenih ljudi (altkoini ili fiat).

Dalje čitanje

https://www.danheld.com/blog/2019/1/6/bitcoins-distribution-was-fair

Bakšiš

Statička Lightning adresa: dandysack84@walletofsatoshi.com

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

Breez, a leader in Lightning Network infrastructure, and Spark, a bitcoin-native Layer 2 (L2) platform, today announced a groundbreaking collaboration to empower developers with tools to seamlessly integrate self-custodial bitcoin payments into everyday applications.

The partnership introduces a new implementation of the Breez SDK built on Spark’s bitcoin-native infrastructure, accelerating the evolution of bitcoin from “digital gold” to a global, permissionless currency.

The Breez SDK is expanding

We’re joining forces with @buildonspark to release a new nodeless implementation of the Breez SDK — giving developers the tools they need to bring Bitcoin payments to everyday apps.

→ https://t.co/iWjZhWRwsx

Bitcoin-Native
Powered by Spark’s…

— Breez (@Breez_Tech) May 22, 2025

A Bitcoin-Native Leap for Developers

The updated Breez SDK leverages Spark’s L2 architecture to deliver a frictionless, bitcoin-native experience for developers.

Key features include:

• Universal Compatibility: Bindings for all major programming languages and frameworks.
• LNURL & Lightning Address Support: Streamlined integration for peer-to-peer transactions.
• Real-Time Interaction: Instant mobile notifications for payment confirmations.
• No External Reliance: Built directly on bitcoin via Spark, eliminating bridges or third-party consensus.

This implementation unlocks use cases such as streaming content payments, social app monetization, in-game currencies, cross-border remittances, and AI micro-settlements—all powered by Bitcoin’s decentralized network.

Quotes from Leadership

Roy Sheinfeld, CEO of Breez:
“Developers are critical to bringing bitcoin into daily life. By building the Breez SDK on Spark’s revolutionary architecture, we’re giving builders a bitcoin-native toolkit to strengthen Lightning as the universal language of bitcoin payments.”

Kevin Hurley, Creator of Spark:
“This collaboration sets the standard for global peer-to-peer transactions. Fast, open, and embedded in everyday apps—this is bitcoin’s future. Together, we’re equipping developers to create next-generation payment experiences.”

David Marcus, Co-Founder and CEO of Lightspark:
“We’re thrilled to see developers harness Spark’s potential. This partnership marks an exciting milestone for the ecosystem.”

Collaboration Details
As part of the agreement, Breez will operate as a Spark Service Provider (SSP), joining Lightspark in facilitating payments and expanding Spark’s ecosystem. Technical specifications for the SDK will be released later this year, with the full implementation slated for launch in 2025.

About Breez
Breez pioneers Lightning Network solutions, enabling developers to embed self-custodial bitcoin payments into apps. Its SDK powers seamless, secure, and decentralized financial interactions.

About Spark
Spark is a bitcoin-native Layer 2 infrastructure designed for payments and settlement, allowing developers to build directly on Bitcoin’s base layer without compromises.

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG), the company behind Truth Social and other Trump-branded digital platforms, is planning to raise $2.5 billion to build one of the largest bitcoin treasuries among public companies.

The deal involves the sale of approximately $1.5 billion in common stock and $1.0 billion in convertible senior secured notes.

According to the company, the offering is expected to close by the end of May, pending standard closing conditions.

Devin Nunes, CEO of Trump Media, said the investment in bitcoin is a big part of the company’s long-term plan.

“We view Bitcoin as an apex instrument of financial freedom,” Nunes said.

“This investment will help defend our Company against harassment and discrimination by financial institutions, which plague many Americans and U.S. firms.”

He added that the bitcoin treasury will be used to create new synergies across the company’s platforms including Truth Social, Truth+, and the upcoming financial tech brand Truth.Fi.

“It’s a big step forward in the company’s plans to evolve into a holding company by acquiring additional profit-generating, crown jewel assets consistent with America First principles,” Nunes said.

The $2.5 billion raise will come from about 50 institutional investors. The $1 billion in convertible notes will have 0% interest and be convertible into shares at a 35% premium.

TMTG’s current liquid assets, including cash and short-term investments, are $759 million as of the end of the first quarter of 2025. With this new funding, the company’s liquid assets will be over $3 billion.

Custody of the bitcoin treasury will be handled by Crypto.com and Anchorage Digital. They will manage and store the digital assets.

Earlier this week The Financial Times reported Trump Media was planning to raise $3 billion for digital assets acquisitions.

The article said the funds would be used to buy bitcoin and other digital assets, and an announcement could come before a major related event in Las Vegas.

Related: Bitcoin 2025 Conference Kicks off in Las Vegas Today

Trump Media denied the FT report. In a statement, the company said, “Apparently the Financial Times has dumb writers listening to even dumber sources.”

There was no further comment. However, the official $2.5 billion figure, which was announced shortly after by Trump Media through a press release, aligns with its actual filing and investor communication.

Trump Media’s official announcement

This comes at a time when the Trump family and political allies are showing renewed interest in Bitcoin.

President Donald Trump who is now back in office since the 2025 election, has said he wants to make the U.S. the “crypto capital of the world.”

Trump Media is also working on retail bitcoin investment products including ETFs aligned with America First policies.

These products will make bitcoin more accessible to retail investors and support pro-Trump financial initiatives.

But not everyone is happy.

Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren recently expressed concerns about Trump Media’s Bitcoin plans. She asked U.S. regulators to clarify their oversight of digital-asset ETFs, warning of investor risk.

Industry insiders are comparing Trump Media’s plans to Strategy (MSTR) which has built a multi-billion dollar bitcoin treasury over the last year. They used stock and bond sales to fund their bitcoin purchases.

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

CANNES, FRANCE – May 2025 — Bitcoin mining made its mark at the world’s most prestigious film gathering this year as Puerto Rican director and producer Alana Mediavilla introduced her feature documentary Dirty Coin: The Bitcoin Mining Documentary at the Marché du Film during the Cannes Film Festival.

The film puts bitcoin mining at the center of a rising global conversation about energy, technology, and economic freedom.

Dirty Coin is the first feature-length documentary to explore bitcoin mining through immersive, on-the-ground case studies.

From rural towns in the United States to hydro-powered sites in Latin America and the Congo, the film follows miners and communities navigating what may be one of the most misunderstood technologies of our time.

The result is a human-centered look at how bitcoin mining is transforming local economies and energy infrastructure in real ways.

To mark its Cannes debut, Mediavilla and her team hosted a packed industry event that brought together leaders from both film and finance.

Dirty Coin debut ceremony at the Marché du Film

Sponsors Celestial Management, Sangha Renewables, Nordblock, and Paystand.org supported the program, which featured panels on mining, energy use, and decentralized infrastructure.

Attendees had the rare opportunity to engage directly with pioneers in the space. A special session in French led by Seb Gouspillou spotlighted mining efforts in the Congo’s Virunga region.

Dirty Coin builds on Mediavilla’s award-winning short film Stranded, which won over 20 international prizes, including Best Short Documentary at Cannes in 2024.

That success helped lay the foundation for the feature and positioned Mediavilla as one of the boldest new voices in global documentary filmmaking.

Alana Mediavilla speaks at the Marché du Film — Cannes Film Festival

“If we’ve found an industry that can unlock stranded energy and turn it into real power for people—especially in regions with energy poverty—why wouldn’t we look into it?” says Mediavilla. “Our privilege blinds us.

“The same thing we criticize could be the very thing that lifts the developing world to our standard of living. Ignoring that potential is a failure of imagination.”

Much like the decentralized network it explores, Dirty Coin is spreading globally through grassroots momentum.

Local leaders are hosting independent screenings around the world, from Roatán and Berlin to São Paulo and Madrid. Upcoming events include Toronto and Zurich, with more cities joining each month.

Mediavilla, who previously worked in creative leadership roles in the U.S. — including as a producer at Google — returned to Puerto Rico to found Campo Libre, a studio focused on high-caliber, globally relevant storytelling from the Caribbean.

She was also accepted into the Cannes Producers Network, a selective program open only to producers with box office releases in the past four years.

Mediavilla qualified after independently releasing Dirty Coin in theaters across Puerto Rico. Her participation in the network gave her direct access to meetings, insights, and connections with the most active distributors and producers working today.

The film’s next public screening will take place at the Anthem Film Festival in Palm Springs on Saturday, June 14 at 2 PM. Additional screenings and market appearances are planned throughout the year at Bitcoin events and international film platforms.

Dirty Coin at the Cannes Film Festival

Watch the Trailer + Access Press Materials

📂 EPK
🎬 Screener
🌍 Host a Screening

Follow the Movement

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dirty_coin_official/
Twitter: https://x.com/DirtyCoinDoc
Website: www.dirtycointhemovie.com

@ da8b7de1:c0164aee

Nukleáris technológiai és projektfejlesztési hírek

Több jelentős nemzetközi fejlemény történt a nukleáris energia területén. A Westinghouse Electric Company megkapta az amerikai Energiaügyi Minisztériumtól a kulcsfontosságú biztonsági jóváhagyást az eVinci mikroreaktorához, ami fontos lépés ennek az innovatív nukleáris technológiának a bevezetése felé. A vállalat Idaho államban tervezi egy tesztreaktor létesítését, ami jól mutatja, hogy a mikroreaktorok piaca egyre nagyobb lendületet kap.

Eközben a nukleáris kapacitás gyors bővítéséhez szükséges ellátási lánc felkészültsége volt a fő témája a World Nuclear Association első konferenciájának. Jelentős projektfrissítések között szerepel a kritikus turbinakomponensek beszerelése a kínai Haiyang atomerőműben, az indiai Mahi Banswara Rajasthan Atomerőmű négy blokkjára vonatkozó szabályozói engedély, valamint egy új olaszországi partnerség, a Nuclitalia, amely fejlett nukleáris technológiákra fókuszál. Belgiumban a Nukleáris Kutatóközpont hivatalos konzultációkat indított egy ólom-hűtésű kis moduláris reaktor (SMR) ügyében, Brazília pedig bejelentette, hogy Oroszországgal közösen fejleszt SMR-projektet.

Szabályozási és biztonsági aktualitások

A Nemzetközi Atomenergia-ügynökség (IAEA) meghosszabbította a tanulmányok benyújtási határidejét a közelgő, nukleáris létesítmények ellenállóképességéről szóló konferenciájára, hangsúlyozva a nukleáris létesítmények alkalmazkodásának fontosságát a klímaváltozás jelentette növekvő kockázatokhoz. A konferenciát 2025 októberében rendezik Bécsben, és fő témája a nukleáris létesítmények biztonságának és ellenállóképességének növelése lesz, különös tekintettel a külső eseményekre, mint az árvizek és földrengések.

Kanadában a Nukleáris Biztonsági Bizottság engedélyezte az Ontario Power Generation számára, hogy megkezdje egy BWRX-300 típusú reaktor építését a Darlington New Nuclear Project helyszínén, ami a nukleáris építkezések folyamatos szabályozói támogatását mutatja. Az Egyesült Államokban a Nukleáris Szabályozási Bizottság további 20 évvel meghosszabbította a Duke Energy Oconee atomerőművi blokkjainak üzemeltetési engedélyét, valamint támogatást nyújtott a michigani Palisades atomerőmű újraindításához.

Iparági és gazdasági trendek

Az iparági vezetők optimistán nyilatkoztak a nukleáris energia jelenlegi helyzetéről, kiemelve az Egyesült Államokban zajló aktív projekteket (például a TerraPower Wyomingban és az X-energy együttműködése a Dow vállalattal), valamint a fejlett nukleáris üzemanyaggyártásba irányuló magánbefektetések növekedését. Felmerült az is, hogy a Világbank nukleáris projekteket is finanszírozhatna, ami tovább ösztönözhetné a globális beruházásokat, és megerősítené a nukleáris energia szerepét az energetikai átmenetben.

Belgiumban a kormány és az Engie közüzemi vállalat végleges megállapodást kötött a Tihange 3 és Doel 4 reaktorok üzemidejének tíz évvel történő meghosszabbításáról, amely az energiabiztonságot és a radioaktív hulladék kezelését is szolgálja. Németországban a nukleáris technológiai szövetség hangsúlyozta, hogy akár hat, nemrégiben leállított reaktor újraindítása technikailag megvalósítható, és a nukleáris energia biztonságos, gazdaságos, valamint klímabarát alternatívát jelent.

Nemzetközi együttműködés és kutatás

Kanadában a Prodigy Clean Energy és a Serco közel jár a szállítható atomerőművek tesztprogramjának befejezéséhez, amelynek középpontjában a biztonság és az extrém helyzetekben való ellenállóképesség áll. Az EnergySolutions és a WEC Energy Group új nukleáris kapacitás létesítését vizsgálja a wisconsini Kewaunee helyszínen, és előzetes engedélyeket kívánnak szerezni a jövőbeni telepítéshez.

Az IAEA ismételten hangsúlyozta, hogy kész támogatni a Zaporizzsjai Atomerőműre vonatkozó megállapodásokat, amely továbbra is orosz katonai ellenőrzés alatt áll, kiemelve a térségben fennálló geopolitikai és biztonsági kihívásokat.

---

Források:
world-nuclear-news.org
nucnet.org
iaea.org
ans.org

@ 6a6be47b:3e74e3e1

Hi frens! 📕

How are you today? How’s your weekend going? I hope you’ve found a moment to rest and recharge—even just for a few minutes. If you’re on the hunt for your next great read, I’ve got something exciting to share!

I just found out that the new book from Robert Galbraith (aka J.K. Rowling) "The Hallmarked Man" has finally been announced! It’s coming out this September, and I’ll admit—I screamed and did a little happy dance. The last book ended on such a major cliffhanger!

🕵️‍♂️ If you’re not familiar, Robert Galbraith is Rowling’s pen name for her detective series featuring the duo Cormoran Strike and Robin Ellacott. Strike is the founder of their private investigation agency, and Robin, who started as a temp secretary, quickly proved she’s a natural-born detective (and it’s been her dream job for years).

If you’re wondering whether you need to read the earlier books first, I get it. The story of Robin and Strike definitely makes more sense if you start from the beginning, but Rowling is clever—she avoids major spoilers, so you can jump in out of order if you want (like I did!). Just be warned: you’ll get hooked and want to know what happens next.

Each book centers on a new crime for Strike and Robin to solve, so you’re pulled into the mystery first—and then deeper into their lives. That’s part of what makes the series so addictive.

📖 Why am I so hyped for the new release? The last book, The Running Grave, was a wild ride: tense, heart-wrenching, and impossible to put down. I was on the edge of my seat the whole time! For me, it’s the best in the series so far. By the end, I was fully invested in all the characters—even the secondary ones. I just had to know what would happen to them.

Of course, not everyone is a fan of Rowling’s style, and some say her books could use a bit of editing. But I think she weaves tension, character development, and mystery together brilliantly. To each their own, though!

❤️ I have really high hopes for the next book this fall. If you love mysteries with complex characters and dark twists, I hope you’ll give this series a shot. Sometimes the truth is even darker than you expect!

Let me know what you think if you’ve read them—or if you’re planning to start.

🌟 Enjoy your weekend and godspeed!

https://stacker.news/items/999611

@ 8bad92c3:ca714aa5

Key Takeaways

Michael Goldstein, aka Bitstein, presents a sweeping philosophical and economic case for going “all in” on Bitcoin, arguing that unlike fiat, which distorts capital formation and fuels short-term thinking, Bitcoin fosters low time preference, meaningful saving, and long-term societal flourishing. At the heart of his thesis is “hodling for good”—a triple-layered idea encompassing permanence, purpose, and the pursuit of higher values like truth, beauty, and legacy. Drawing on thinkers like Aristotle, Hoppe, and Josef Pieper, Goldstein redefines leisure as contemplation, a vital practice in aligning capital with one’s deepest ideals. He urges Bitcoiners to think beyond mere wealth accumulation and consider how their sats can fund enduring institutions, art, and architecture that reflect a moral vision of the future.

Best Quotes

“Let BlackRock buy the houses, and you keep the sats.”

“We're not hodling just for the sake of hodling. There is a purpose to it.”

“Fiat money shortens your time horizon… you can never rest.”

“Savings precedes capital accumulation. You can’t build unless you’ve saved.”

“You're increasing the marginal value of everyone else’s Bitcoin.”

“True leisure is contemplation—the pursuit of the highest good.”

“What is Bitcoin for if not to make the conditions for magnificent acts of creation possible?”

“Bitcoin itself will last forever. Your stack might not. What will outlast your coins?”

“Only a whale can be magnificent.”

“The market will sell you all the crack you want. It’s up to you to demand beauty.”

Conclusion

This episode is a call to reimagine Bitcoin as more than a financial revolution—it’s a blueprint for civilizational renewal. Michael Goldstein reframes hodling as an act of moral stewardship, urging Bitcoiners to lower their time preference, build lasting institutions, and pursue truth, beauty, and legacy—not to escape the world, but to rebuild it on sound foundations.

Timestamps

00:00 - Intro
00:50 - Michael’s BBB presentation Hodl for Good
07:27 - Austrian principles on capital
15:40 - Fiat distorts the economic process
23:34 - Bitkey
24:29 - Hodl for Good triple entendre
29:52 - Bitcoin benefits everyone
39:05 - Unchained
40:14 - Leisure theory of value
52:15 - Heightening life
1:15:48 - Breaking from the chase makes room for magnificence
1:32:32 - Nakamoto Institute’s mission

Transcript

(00:00) Fiat money is by its nature a disturbance. If money is being continually produced, especially at an uncertain rate, these uh policies are really just redistribution of wealth. Most are looking for number to go up post hyper bitcoinization. The rate of growth of bitcoin would be more reflective of the growth of the economy as a whole.
(00:23) Ultimately, capital requires knowledge because it requires knowing there is something that you can add to the structures of production to lengthen it in some way that will take time but allow you to have more in the future than you would today. Let Black Rockck buy the houses and you keep the sats, not the other way around.
(00:41) You wait until later for Larry Frink to try to sell you a [Music] mansion. And we're live just like that. Just like that. 3:30 on a Friday, Memorial Day weekend. It's a good good good way to end the week and start the holiday weekend. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Thank you for having me here. Thank you for coming. I wore this hat specifically because I think it's I think it's very apppropo uh to the conversation we're going to have which is I hope an extension of the presentation you gave at Bitblock Boom Huddle for good. You were working on
(01:24) that for many weeks leading up to uh the conference and explaining how you were structuring it. I think it's a very important topic to discuss now as the Bitcoin price is hitting new all-time highs and people are trying to understand what am I doing with Bitcoin? Like you have you have the different sort of factions within Bitcoin.
(01:47) Uh get on a Bitcoin standard, get on zero, spend as much Bitcoin as possible. You have the sailors of the world are saying buy Bitcoin, never sell, die with your Bitcoin. And I think you do a really good job in that presentation. And I just think your understanding overall of Bitcoin is incredible to put everything into context. It's not either or.
(02:07) It really depends on what you want to accomplish. Yeah, it's definitely there there is no actual one-sizefits-all um for I mean nearly anything in this world. So um yeah, I mean first of all I mean there was it was the first conference talk I had given in maybe five years. I think the one prior to that uh was um bit block boom 2019 which was my meme talk which uh has uh become infamous and notorious.
(02:43) So uh there was also a lot of like high expectations uh you know rockstar dev uh has has treated that you know uh that that talk with a lot of reference. a lot of people have enjoyed it and he was expecting this one to be, you know, the greatest one ever, which is a little bit of a little bit of a uh a burden to live up to those kinds of standards.
(03:08) Um, but you know, because I don't give a lot of talks. Um, you know, I I I like to uh try to bring ideas that might even be ideas that are common. So, something like hodling, we all talk about it constantly. uh but try to bring it from a little bit of a different angle and try to give um a little bit of uh new light to it.
(03:31) I alsove I've I've always enjoyed kind of coming at things from a third angle. Um whenever there's, you know, there's there's all these little debates that we have in in Bitcoin and sometimes it's nice to try to uh step out of it and look at it a little more uh kind of objectively and find ways of understanding it that incorporate the truths of of all of them.
(03:58) uh you know cuz I think we should always be kind of as much as possible after ultimate truth. Um so with this one um yeah I was kind of finding that that sort of golden mean. So uh um yeah and I actually I think about that a lot is uh you know Aristotle has his his concept of the golden mean. So it's like any any virtue is sort of between two vices um because you can you can always you can always take something too far.
(04:27) So you're you're always trying to find that right balance. Um so someone who is uh courageous you know uh one of the vices uh on one side is being basically reckless. I I can't remember what word he would use. Uh but effectively being reckless and just wanting to put yourself in danger for no other reason than just you know the thrill of it.
(04:50) Um and then on the other side you would just have cowardice which is like you're unwilling to put yourself um at any risk at any time. Um, and courage is right there in the middle where it's understanding when is the right time uh to put your put yourself, you know, in in the face of danger um and take it on. And so um in some sense this this was kind of me uh in in some ways like I'm obviously a partisan of hodling.
(05:20) Um, I've for, you know, a long time now talked about the, um, why huddling is good, why people do it, why we should expect it. Um, but still trying to find that that sort of golden mean of like yes, huddle, but also what are we hodling for? And it's not we're we're not hodddling just merely for the sake of hodddling.
(05:45) There there is a a purpose to it. And we should think about that. And that would also help us think more about um what are the benefits of of spending, when should we spend, why should we spend, what should we spend on um to actually give light to that sort of side of the debate. Um so that was that was what I was kind of trying to trying to get into.
(06:09) Um, as well as also just uh at the same time despite all the talk of hodling, there's always this perennial uh there's always this perennial dislike of hodlers because we're treated as uh as if um we're just free riding the network or we're just greedy or you know any of these things. And I wanted to show how uh huddling does serve a real economic purpose.
(06:36) Um, and it does benefit the individual, but it also does uh it it has actual real social um benefits as well beyond merely the individual. Um, so I wanted to give that sort of defense of hodling as well to look at it from um a a broader position than just merely I'm trying to get rich. Um uh because even the person who uh that is all they want to do um just like you know your your pure number grow up go up moonboy even that behavior has positive ramifications on on the economy.
(07:14) And while we might look at them and have uh judgments about their particular choices for them as an individual, we shouldn't discount that uh their actions are having positive positive effects for the rest of the economy. Yeah. So, let's dive into that just not even in the context of Bitcoin because I think you did a great job of this in the presentation.
(07:36) just you've done a good job of this consistently throughout the years that I've known you. Just from like a first principles Austrian economics perspective, what is the idea around capital accumulation, low time preference and deployment of that capital like what what like getting getting into like the nitty-gritty and then applying it to Bitcoin? Yeah, it's it's a big question and um in many ways I mean I I even I barely scratched the surface.
(08:05) uh I I can't claim to have read uh all the volumes of Bombber works, you know, capital and interest and and stuff like that. Um but I think there's some some sort of basic concepts that we can look at that we can uh draw a lot out. Um the first uh I guess let's write that. So repeat so like capital time preference. Yeah. Well, I guess getting more broad like why sav

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

People forget Bear Stearns failed March 2008 - months of denial followed before the public realized how bad the situation was under the surface.

Similar happening now but much larger scale. They did not fix fundamental issues after 2008 - everything is more fragile.

The Fed preemptively bailed out every bank with their BTFP program and First Republic Bank still failed. The second largest bank failure in history.

There will be more failures. There will be more bailouts. Depositors will be "protected" by socializing losses across everyone.

Our President and mainstream financial pundits are currently pretending the banking crisis is over while most banks remain insolvent. There are going to be many more bank failures as this ponzi system unravels.

Unlike 2008, we have the ability to opt out of these broken and corrupt institutions by using bitcoin. Bitcoin held in self custody is unique in its lack of counterparty risk - you do not have to trust a bank or other centralized entity to hold it for you. Bitcoin is also incredibly difficult to change by design since it is not controlled by an individual, company, or government - the supply of dollars will inevitably be inflated to bailout these failing banks but bitcoin supply will remain unchanged. I do not need to convince you that bitcoin provides value - these next few years will convince millions.

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

President Trump’s Truth Social Files S-1 Form For Bitcoin ETF

Today, Trump Media and Technology Group Corp. (Nasdaq, NYSE Texas: DJT) filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) a Form S-1 for their upcoming Truth Social Bitcoin ETF.

The ETF, which will hold bitcoin directly, is designed to track the bitcoin’s price performance. 

“Truth Social Bitcoin ETF, B.T. is a Nevada business trust that issues beneficial interests in its net assets,” stated the Form S-1. “The assets of the Trust consist primarily of bitcoin held by a custodian on behalf of the Trust. The Trust seeks to reflect generally the performance of the price of bitcoin.”

The ETF is sponsored by Yorkville America Digital, LLC and will trade under NYSE Arca. The Trust’s assets primarily consist of bitcoin held by Foris DAX Trust Company, LLC, the designated bitcoin custodian. Crypto.com will act as the ETF’s prime execution agent and liquidity provider.

“Shares will be offered to the public from time to time at varying prices that will reflect the price of bitcoin and the trading price of the Shares on New York Stock Exchange Arca, Inc. at the time of the offer,” mentioned the Form S-1.

While the ETF offers investors a regulated avenue for bitcoin exposure, the Trust warned of several risks related to digital assets:

• Loss, theft, or compromise of private keys could result in permanent loss of bitcoin.
• Bitcoin’s reliance on blockchain and Internet technologies makes it vulnerable to disruptions and cyber threats.
• Environmental and regulatory pressures tied to high electricity use in bitcoin mining could impact market stability.
• Potential forks or protocol failures in the Bitcoin Network may lead to volatility and uncertainty in asset value.

Last week, during an interview at the 2025 Bitcoin Conference, Donald Trump Jr. announced that TMTG and Truth Social were forming a Bitcoin treasury with $2.5 billion. “We’re seriously on crypto—we’re seriously on Bitcoin,” said Trump Jr. “We’re in three major deals. I believe we’re at the beginning of what will be the future of finance. And the opportunity is massive.”

The day after that interview, Eric Trump and Donald Trump Jr., joined by American Bitcoin Executive Chairman and Board Member Mike Ho, CEO Matt Prusak, and Altcoin Daily founder Aaron Arnold, discussed the future of Bitcoin.

“The whole system is broken and now all of the sudden you have crypto which solves all the problems,” commented Eric Trump. “It makes everything cheaper, it makes everything faster, it makes it safer, it makes it more transparent. It makes the whole system more functional.“

“Everybody wants Bitcoin. Everybody is buying Bitcoin,” Eric added.

This post President Trump’s Truth Social Files S-1 Form For Bitcoin ETF first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

“Not your keys, not your coins” isn’t a slogan—it’s a survival mantra in the age of digital sovereignty.

The seismic collapses of Mt. Gox (2014) and FTX (2022) weren’t anomalies; they were wake-up calls. When $8.7 billion in customer funds vanished with FTX, it exposed the fatal flaw of third-party custody: your bitcoin is only as secure as your custodian’s weakest link.

Yet today, As of early 2025, analysts estimate that between 2.3 million and 3.7 million Bitcoins are permanently lost, representing approximately 11–18% of bitcoin’s fixed maximum supply of 21 million coins, with some reports suggesting losses as high as 4 million BTC. This paradox reveals a critical truth: self-custody isn’t just preferable—it’s essential—but it must be done right.

The Custody Spectrum

Custodial Wallets (The Illusion of Control)

• Rehypothecation Risk: Most platforms lend your bitcoin for yield generation. When Celsius collapsed, users discovered their “held” bitcoin was loaned out in risky strategies.
• Account Freezes: Regulatory actions can lock withdrawals overnight. In 2023, Binance suspended dollar withdrawals for U.S. users citing “partner bank issues,” trapping funds for weeks.
• Data Vulnerability: KYC requirements create honeypots for hackers. The 2024 Ledger breach exposed 270,000 users’ personal data despite hardware security.

True Self-Custody
Self-custody means exclusively controlling your private keys—the cryptographic strings that prove bitcoin ownership. Unlike banks or exchanges, self-custody eliminates:

• Counterparty risk (no FTX-style implosions)
• Censorship (no blocked transactions)
• Inflationary theft (no fractional reserve lending)

Conquering the Three Great Fears of Self-Custody

Fear 1: “I’ll Lose Everything If I Make a Mistake”

Reality: Human error is manageable with robust systems:

• Test Transactions: Always send a micro-amount (0.00001 BTC) before large transfers. Verify receipt AND ability to send back.
• Multi-Backup Protocol: Store seed phrases on fireproof/waterproof steel plates (not paper!). Distribute copies geographically—one in a home safe, another with trusted family 100+ miles away.
• SLIP39 Sharding: Split your seed into fragments requiring 3-of-5 shards to reconstruct. No single point of failure.

Fear 2: “Hackers Will Steal My Keys”

Reality: Offline storage defeats remote attacks:

• Hardware Wallets: Devices like Bitkey or Ledger keep keys in “cold storage”—isolated from internet-connected devices. Transactions require physical confirmation.
• Multisig Vaults: Bitvault’s multi-sig system requires attackers compromise multiple locations/devices simultaneously. Even losing two keys won’t forfeit funds.
• Air-Gapped Verification: Use dedicated offline devices for wallet setup. Never type seeds on internet-connected machines.

Fear 3: “My Family Can’t Access It If I Die”

Reality: Inheritance is solvable:

• Dead Man Switches: Bitwarden’s emergency access allows trusted contacts to retrieve encrypted keys after a pre-set waiting period (e.g., 30 days).
• Inheritance Protocols: Bitkey’s inheritance solution shares decryption keys via designated beneficiaries’ emails. Requires multiple approvals to prevent abuse.
• Public Key Registries: Share wallet XPUBs (not private keys!) with heirs. They can monitor balances but not spend, ensuring transparency without risk.

The Freedom Dividend

1. Censorship Resistance: Send $10M BTC to a Wikileaks wallet without Visa/Mastercard blocking it.
2. Privacy Preservation: Avoid KYC surveillance—non-custodial wallets like Flash require zero ID verification.
3. Protocol Access: Participate in bitcoin-native innovations (Lightning Network, DLCs) only possible with self-custodied keys.
4. Black Swan Immunity: When Cyprus-style bank bailins happen, your bitcoin remains untouched in your vault.

The Sovereign’s Checklist

1. Withdraw from Exchanges: Move all BTC > $1,000 to self-custody immediately.
2. Buy Hardware Wallet: Purchase DIRECTLY from manufacturer (no Amazon!) to avoid supply-chain tampering.
3. Generate Seed OFFLINE: Use air-gapped device, write phrase on steel—never digitally.
4. Test Recovery: Delete wallet, restore from seed before funding.
5. Implement Multisig: For > $75k, use Bitvault for 2-of-3 multi-sig setup.
6. Create Inheritance Plan: Share XPUBs/SLIP39 shards with heirs + legal documents.

“Self-custody isn’t about avoiding risk—it’s about transferring risk from opaque institutions to transparent, controllable systems you design.”

The Inevitable Evolution: Custody Without Compromise

Emerging solutions are erasing old tradeoffs:

• MPC Wallets: Services like Xapo Bank shatter keys into encrypted fragments distributed globally. No single device holds full keys, defeating physical theft.
• Social Recovery: Ethically designed networks (e.g., Bitkey) let trusted contacts restore access without custodial control.
• Biometric Assurance: Fingerprint reset protocols prevent lockouts from physical injuries.

Lost keys = lost bitcoin. But consider the alternative: entrusting your life savings to entities with proven 8% annual failure rates among exchanges. Self-custody shifts responsibility from hoping institutions won’t fail to knowing your system can’t fail without your consent.

Take action today: Move one coin. Test one recovery. Share one xpub. The path to unchained wealth begins with a single satoshi under your control.

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

Hosted at the iconic Palace of Culture and Science—a prominent symbol of the communist era—the Bitcoin FilmFest offers a vibrant celebration of film through the lens of bitcoin. The venue itself provides a striking contrast to the festival’s focus, highlighting bitcoin’s core identity as a currency embodying independence from traditional financial and political systems.

𝐅𝐢𝐱𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐯𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐬.
Warsaw, Day Zero at #BFF25 (European Bitcoin Pizza Day) with @roger__9000, MadMunky and the @2140_wtf squad pic.twitter.com/9ogVvWRReA

— Bitcoin FilmFest (@bitcoinfilmfest) May 28, 2025

This venue represents an era when the state tightly controlled the economy and financial systems. The juxtaposition of this historical site with an event dedicated to bitcoin is striking and thought-provoking.

The event features a diverse array of activities, including engaging panel discussions, screenings of both feature-length and short films, workshops and lively parties. Each component designed to explore the multifaceted world of bitcoin and its implications for society, offering attendees a blend of entertainment and education.

The films showcase innovative narratives and insights into bitcoin’s landscape, while the panels facilitate thought-provoking discussions among industry experts and filmmakers.

Networking is a significant aspect of the festival, with an exceptionally open and friendly atmosphere that foster connections among participants. Participants from all over Europe gather to engage with like-minded individuals who share a passion for BTC and its implications for the future.

The open exchanges of ideas foster a sense of community, allowing attendees to forge new connections, collaborate on projects, and discuss the potential of blockchain technology implemented in bitcoin.

The organization of the festival is extraordinary, ensuring a smooth flow of information and an expertly structured schedule filled from morning until evening. Attendees appreciate the meticulous planning that allowed them to maximize their experience. Additionally, thoughtful touches such as gifts from sponsors and well-chosen locations for various events contribute to the overall positive atmosphere of the festival.

Overall, the Bitcoin FilmFest not only highlights the artistic expression surrounding bitcoin but also serves as a vital platform for dialogue—about financial freedom, the future of money, and individual sovereignty in a shifting world.

The event successfully bridges the gap between a historical symbol of control and a movement that celebrates freedom, innovation, and collaboration in the digital age, highlighting the importance of independence in financial systems while fostering a collaborative environment for innovation and growth.

Next year’s event is slated for June 5-7 2026. For further updates check: https://bitcoinfilmfest.com/

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

Bank run on every crypto bank then bank run on every "real" bank.

— ODELL (@ODELL) December 14, 2022

Good morning.

It looks like PacWest will fail today. It will be both the fifth largest bank failure in US history and the sixth major bank to fail this year. It will likely get purchased by one of the big four banks in a government orchestrated sale.  

March 8th - Silvergate Bank
March 10th - Silicon Valley Bank
March 12th - Signature Bank
March 19th - Credit Suisse
May 1st - First Republic Bank
May 4th - PacWest Bank?

PacWest is the first of many small regional banks that will go under this year. Most will get bought by the big four in gov orchestrated sales. This has been the playbook since 2008. Follow the incentives. Massive consolidation across the banking industry. PacWest gonna be a drop in the bucket compared to what comes next.

First, a hastened government led bank consolidation, then a public/private partnership with the remaining large banks to launch a surveilled and controlled digital currency network. We will be told it is more convenient. We will be told it is safer. We will be told it will prevent future bank runs. All of that is marketing bullshit. The goal is greater control of money. The ability to choose how we spend it and how we save it. If you control the money - you control the people that use it.

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 97c70a44:ad98e322

Vibe coding is taking the nostr developer community by storm. While it's all very exciting and interesting, I think it's important to pump the brakes a little - not in order to stop the vehicle, but to try to keep us from flying off the road as we approach this curve.

In this note Pablo is subtweeting something I said to him recently (although I'm sure he's heard it from other quarters as well):

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzp75cf0tahv5z7plpdeaws7ex52nmnwgtwfr2g3m37r844evqrr6jqy2hwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnyv9kh2uewd9hj7qghwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8qunfd4skctnwv46z7qg6waehxw309ac8junpd45kgtnxd9shg6npvchxxmmd9uqzq0z48d4ttzzkupswnkyt5a2xfkhxl3hyavnxjujwn5k2k529aearwtecp4

There is a naive, curmudgeonly case for simply "not doing AI". I think the intuition is a good one, but the subject is obviously more complicated - not doing it, either on an individual or a collective level, is just not an option. I recently read Tools for Conviviality by Ivan Illich, which I think can help us here. For Illich, the best kind of tool is one which serves "politically interrelated individuals rather than managers".

This is obviously a core value for bitcoiners. And I think the talks given at the Oslo Freedom Forum this year present a compelling case for adoption of LLMs for the purposes of 1. using them for good, and 2. developing them further so that they don't get captured by corporations and governments. Illich calls both the telephone and print "almost ideally convivial". I would add the internet, cryptography, and LLMs to this list, because each one allows individuals to work cooperatively within communities to embody their values in their work.

But this is only half the story. Illich also points out how "the manipulative nature of institutions... have put these ideally convivial tools at the service of more [managerial dominance]."

Preventing the subversion and capture of our tools is not just a matter of who uses what, and for which ends. It also requires an awareness of the environment that the use of the tool (whether for virtuous or vicious ends) creates, which in turn forms the abilities, values, and desires of those who inhabit the environment.

The natural tendency of LLMs is to foster ignorance, dependence, and detachment from reality. This is not the fault of the tool itself, but that of humans' tendency to trade liberty for convenience. Nevertheless, the inherent values of a given tool naturally gives rise to an environment through use: the tool changes the world that the tool user lives in. This in turn indoctrinates the user into the internal logic of the tool, shaping their thinking, blinding them to the tool's influence, and neutering their ability to work in ways not endorsed by the structure of the tool-defined environment.

The result of this is that people are formed by their tools, becoming their slaves. We often talk about LLM misalignment, but the same is true of humans. Unreflective use of a tool creates people who are misaligned with their own interests. This is what I mean when I say that AI use is anti-human. I mean it in the same way that all unreflective tool use is anti-human. See Wendell Berry for an evaluation of industrial agriculture along the same lines.

What I'm not claiming is that a minority of high agency individuals can't use the technology for virtuous ends. In fact, I think that is an essential part of the solution. Tool use can be good. But tools that bring their users into dependence on complex industry and catechize their users into a particular system should be approached with extra caution. The plow was a convivial tool, and so were early tractors. Self-driving John Deere monstrosities are a straightforward extension of the earlier form of the technology, but are self-evidently an instrument of debt slavery, chemical dependency, industrial centralization, and degradation of the land. This over-extension of a given tool can occur regardless of the intentions of the user. As Illich says:

There is a form of malfunction in which growth does not yet tend toward the destruction of life, yet renders a tool antagonistic to its specific aims. Tools, in other words, have an optimal, a tolerable, and a negative range.

The initial form of a tool is almost always beneficial, because tools are made by humans for human ends. But as the scale of the tool grows, its logic gets more widely and forcibly applied. The solution to the anti-human tendencies of any technology is an understanding of scale. To prevent the overrun of the internal logic of a given tool and its creation of an environment hostile to human flourishing, we need to impose limits on scale.

Tools that require time periods or spaces or energies much beyond the order of corresponding natural scales are dysfunctional.

My problem with LLMs is:

• Not their imitation of human idioms, but their subversion of them and the resulting adoption of robotic idioms by humans
• Not the access they grant to information, but their ability to obscure accurate or relevant information
• Not their elimination of menial work, but its increase (Bullshit Jobs)
• Not their ability to take away jobs, but their ability to take away the meaning found in good work
• Not their ability to confer power to the user, but their ability to confer power to their owner which can be used to exploit the user
• Not their ability to solve problems mechanistically, but the extension of their mechanistic value system to human life
• Not their explicit promise of productivity, but the environment they implicitly create in which productivity depends on their use
• Not the conversations they are able to participate in, but the relationships they displace

All of these dysfunctions come from the over-application of the technology in evaluating and executing the fundamentally human task of living. AI work is the same kind of thing as an AI girlfriend, because work is not only for the creation of value (although that's an essential part of it), but also for the exercise of human agency in the world. In other words, tools must be tools, not masters. This is a problem of scale - when tool use is extended beyond its appropriate domain, it becomes what Illich calls a "radical monopoly" (the domination of a single paradigm over all of human life).

So the important question when dealing with any emergent technology becomes: how can we set limits such that the use of the technology is naturally confined to its appropriate scale?

Here are some considerations:

• Teach people how to use the technology well (e.g. cite sources when doing research, use context files instead of fighting the prompt, know when to ask questions rather than generate code)
• Create and use open source and self-hosted models and tools (MCP, stacks, tenex). Refuse to pay for closed or third-party hosted models and tools.
• Recognize the dependencies of the tool itself, for example GPU availability, and diversify the industrial sources to reduce fragility and dependence.
• Create models with built-in limits. The big companies have attempted this (resulting in Japanese Vikings), but the best-case effect is a top-down imposition of corporate values onto individuals. But the idea isn't inherently bad - a coding model that refuses to generate code in response to vague prompts, or which asks clarifying questions is an example. Or a home assistant that recognized childrens' voices and refuses to interact.
• Divert the productivity gains to human enrichment. Without mundane work to do, novice lawyers, coders, and accountants don't have an opportunity to hone their skills. But their learning could be subsidized by the bots in order to bring them up to a level that continues to be useful.
• Don't become a slave to the bots. Know when not to use it. Talk to real people. Write real code, poetry, novels, scripts. Do your own research. Learn by experience. Make your own stuff. Take a break from reviewing code to write some. Be independent, impossible to control. Don't underestimate the value to your soul of good work.
• Resist both monopoly and "radical monopoly". Both naturally collapse over time, but by cultivating an appreciation of the goodness of hand-crafted goods, non-synthetic entertainment, embodied relationship, and a balance between mobility and place, we can relegate new, threatening technologies to their correct role in society.

I think in all of this is implicit the idea of technological determinism, that productivity is power, and if you don't adapt you die. I reject this as an artifact of darwinism and materialism. The world is far more complex and full of grace than we think.

The idea that productivity creates wealth is, as we all know, bunk. GDP continues to go up, but ungrounded metrics don't reflect anything about the reality of human flourishing. We have to return to a qualitative understanding of life as whole, and contextualize quantitative tools and metrics within that framework.

Finally, don't believe the hype. Even if AI delivers everything it promises, conservatism in changing our ways of life will decelerate the rate of change society is subjected to and allow time for reflection and proper use of the tool. Curmudgeons are as valuable as technologists. There will be no jobspocalypse if there is sufficient political will to value human good over mere productivity. It's ok to pump the breaks.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Mapping Bitcoin’s Bull Cycle Potential

Bitcoin’s Market Value to Realized Value, or MVRV ratio, remains one of the most reliable on-chain indicators for identifying local and macro tops and bottoms across every BTC cycle. By isolating data across different investor cohorts and adapting historical benchmarks to modern market conditions, we can generate more accurate insights into where Bitcoin may be headed next.

The Bitcoin MVRV Ratio

The MVRV Ratio compares Bitcoin’s market price to its realized price, essentially the average cost basis for all coins in the network. As of writing, BTC trades around $105,000 while the realized price floats near $47,000, putting the raw MVRV at 2.26. The Z-Score version of MVRV standardizes this ratio based on historical volatility, enabling clearer comparisons across different market cycles.

Figure 1: Historically, the MVRV Ratio and the MVRV Z-Score have accurately identified cycle peaks and bottoms. View Live Chart

Short-Term Holders

Short-term holders, defined as those holding Bitcoin for 155 days or less, currently have a realized price near $97,000. This metric often acts as dynamic support in bull markets and resistance in bear markets. Notably, when the Short Term Holder MVRV hits 1.33, local tops have historically occurred, as seen several times in both the 2017 and 2021 cycles. So far in the current cycle, this threshold has already been touched four times, each followed by modest retracements.

Figure 2: Short Term Holder MVRV reaching 1.33 in more recent cycles has aligned with local tops. View Live Chart

Long-Term Holders

Long-term holders, who’ve held BTC for more than 155 days, currently have an average cost basis of just $33,500, putting their MVRV at 3.11. Historically, Long Term Holder MVRV values have reached as high as 12 during major peaks. That said, we’re observing a trend of diminishing multiples each cycle.

Figure 3: Achieving a Long Term Holder MVRV value of 8 could extrapolate to a BTC price in excess of $300,000. View Live Chart

A key resistance band now sits between 7.5 and 8.5, a zone that has defined bull tops and pre-bear retracements in every cycle since 2011. If the current growth of the realized price ($40/day) continues for another 140–150 days, matching previous cycle lengths, we could see it reach somewhere in the region of $40,000. A peak MVRV of 8 would imply a price near $320,000.

A Smarter Market Compass

Unlike static all-time metrics, the 2-Year Rolling MVRV Z-Score adapts to evolving market dynamics. By recalculating average extremes over a rolling window, it smooths out Bitcoin’s natural volatility decay as it matures. Historically, this version has signaled overbought conditions when reaching levels above 3, and prime accumulation zones when dipping below -1. Currently sitting under 1, this metric suggests that substantial upside remains.

Figure 4: The current 2-Year Rolling MVRV Z-Score suggests more positive price action ahead. View Live Chart

Timing & Targets

A view of the BTC Growth Since Cycle Lows chart illustrates that BTC is now approximately 925 days removed from its last major cycle low. Historical comparisons to previous bull markets suggest we may be around 140 to 150 days away from a potential top, with both the 2017 and 2021 peaks occurring around 1,060 to 1,070 days after their respective lows. While not deterministic, this alignment reinforces the broader picture of where we are in the cycle. If realized price trends and MVRV thresholds continue on current trajectories, late Q3 to early Q4 2025 may bring final euphoric moves.

Figure 5: Will the current cycle continue to exhibit growth patterns similar to those of the previous two cycles? View Live Chart

Conclusion

The MVRV ratio and its derivatives remain essential tools for analyzing Bitcoin market behavior, providing clear markers for both accumulation and distribution. Whether observing short-term holders hovering near local top thresholds, long-term holders nearing historically significant resistance zones, or adaptive metrics like the 2-Year Rolling MVRV Z-Score signaling plenty of runway left, these data points should be used in confluence.

No single metric should be relied upon to predict tops or bottoms in isolation, but taken together, they offer a powerful lens through which to interpret the macro trend. As the market matures and volatility declines, adaptive metrics will become even more crucial in staying ahead of the curve.

For more deep-dive research, technical indicators, real-time market alerts, and access to a growing community of analysts, visit BitcoinMagazinePro.com.

---

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Always do your own research before making any investment decisions.

This post Mapping Bitcoin’s Bull Cycle Potential first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Matt Crosby.

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

Wall Street is warming up to Bitcoin and getting closer and closer to it.

Cantor Fitzgerald, one of the oldest and most respected investment banks on Wall Street, has launched a $2 billion bitcoin-backed lending program.

They’ve reportedly already done their first deals, lending to two big digital asset companies: FalconX and Maple Finance.

This is a big step in connecting traditional finance to the fast-moving world of Bitcoin.

Cantor’s new service allows big investors, hedge funds and asset managers, to borrow money using bitcoin as collateral.

This is a game changer for institutions that hold bitcoin, as they can now access liquidity without having to sell their assets.

“Institutions holding bitcoin are looking to broaden their access to diverse funding sources,” said Christian Wall, co-CEO and global head of fixed income at Cantor Fitzgerald.

“And we are excited to support their liquidity needs to help them drive long term growth and success.”

The loans are not speculative or unsecured.

They are structured like traditional finance deals, backed by the borrower’s bitcoin. This reduces the risk for Cantor while giving bitcoin-holding companies new ways to grow and operate.

The first recipients of Cantor’s lending program are FalconX, a digital asset brokerage, and Maple Finance, a blockchain-based lending platform.

FalconX confirmed they secured a credit facility of over $100 million. Maple Finance also received the first tranche of their loan from Cantor.

This comes at a time when the bitcoin lending space is recovering after a tough period. Several big firms went under in 2022 and investor confidence was shaken.

Now with traditional finance on board, bitcoin-backed lending has returned. According to Galaxy Research the total size of the digital asset lending market grew to $36.5 billion in Q4 2024.

Cantor’s move into bitcoin-backed lending isn’t new. They announced their plans in July 2024 and have been building their presence in the Bitcoin space since then.

Earlier this year, they partnered with Tether, SoftBank and Bitfinex to launch Twenty One Capital, a $3.6 billion fund to buy over 42,000 bitcoin.

In May 2025 Cantor Equity Partners merged with Twenty One Capital and bought nearly $459 million worth of bitcoin.

They also own around $1.9 billion in shares of Strategy, a company that holds a lot of bitcoin. Clearly Cantor believes in bitcoin as a long-term asset.

Cantor is also a big player in the stablecoin space.

They manage U.S. Treasury reserves for Tether, the company behind the $142 billion USDT stablecoin. This adds another layer of trust and credibility to Cantor’s digital asset involvement.

To secure the bitcoin used as collateral, Cantor has partnered with digital asset custodians Anchorage Digital and Copper.co.

These companies are known for their robust security and institutional-grade infrastructure. Cantor hasn’t disclosed loan terms or interest rates but confirmed the lending will follow current regulations.

This also shows how traditional financial players are embracing DeFi.

Maple Finance for example allows undercollateralized lending using blockchain. By backing companies like Maple, Cantor is innovating while still having control and compliance.

For years, bitcoin-backed loans were only available through digital-asset-native companies like Genesis, BlockFi, and Ledn.

These loans were mostly for smaller clients and retail investors. But with Cantor’s entry, the scale and professionalism of bitcoin lending are expanding.

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Food You (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app and tap the ⚙️ icon
3. Tap Meals and set up your meal schedule (these items will appear on the main screen)
4. Go back and then tap Calorie Goal to configure your daily intake goal
5. Return to the main screen
6. Now you can tap + on a card (e.g. Breakfast) to add a meal
7. Tap + and select Product
8. You can now fill in the details manually
   • Or tap Download Product, paste the URL of the product from OpenFoodFacts (e.g. https://world.openfoodfacts.org/product/6111242101180/lait-entier-uht-jaouda), and then tap Download
9. Tap Create
10. You can now adjust intake details like servings
11. Tap Save
12. Add more products and recipes and start tracking your nutrition!

ℹ️ Once you have created enough products, you can tap + on a meal card on the main screen, then tap + and select Recipe to create recipes from products

ℹ️ Internet connection is only used to optionally fetch product details via URLs; otherwise, the app works completely offline

@ 044da344:073a8a0e

Es ist merkwürdig, wie sich die Dinge manchmal fügen. Himmelfahrt bin ich mit den beiden größeren Enkeln, 2 und 4, in einen Zirkus gegangen. Wir mussten ein wenig suchen, okay, haben das Zelt aber irgendwann entdeckt am Ufer des Regen. Ich könnte schreiben: klein, aber fein, so richtig trifft es das jedoch nicht. Klein schon. Ich will hier auch nicht schimpfen, weil sich die Zirkusfamilie alle Mühe gegeben hat, einen preisgekrönten Artisten dabeihatte (Silberner Clown in Monte Carlo) und sogar reichlich Tiere in die Manege brachte. Vier Araberpferde, zwei Dromedare, einen Esel und Ziegen.

Dann aber kamen die Katzen. Richtig gelesen. Katzen dort, wo es Tiger, Löwen, Bären gegeben hat, als ich selbst noch ein Kind war. Ich meine gar nicht die großen Zelte in der DDR, Berolina, Busch oder Aeros. Diese Riesen verirrten sich nicht in einen Badeort auf Rügen. Die Wiese gleich hinter unserem Haus gehörte ab Anfang der 1980er Rüdiger Probst, alle paar Jahre wieder. Ein junger Mann, der gar nicht so viel älter war als ich, keine Angst vor großen Tieren hatte und mit einem Salto von Pferd zu Pferd sprang. In einem kleinen Zirkus wie gesagt, für ein paar Groschen und meist vor vollem Haus. Mit den Enkeln hatte ich jetzt allen Platz der Welt und hinterher ein leeres Portemonnaie. Sieben Euro allein für Popcorn (es gab nur eine Tütengröße) und fünf (freiwillig) für ein paar Möhrenstücke, damit die Kinder in der Pause was zum Füttern in der Hand hatten.

Am Abend dann das neue Buch von Matthias Krauß. „Die falschen Fragen gestellt“. Ich habe mich ein wenig gewundert, als das Paket im Kasten lag, weil der Autor vor gar nicht allzu langer Zeit einen „einseitigen Waffenstillstand“ ausgerufen hatte und Schluss machen wollte mit seinem Kampf gegen die „Aufarbeitungsindustrie“ und mit der Verteidigung der DDR. Ich zitiere einfach aus meiner Rezension von 2019:

Matthias Krauß, 1960 in Hennigsdorf geboren, weiß natürlich, was da alles im Argen lag. Er hat selbst an der Sektion Journalistik studiert und in den späten 1980ern noch ein wenig für die Parteipresse gearbeitet. „Apologetisch“, sagt er. Vor allem Innen- und Wirtschaftspolitik. Sein Aber: erstens die Kultur. Begegnungen vor allem mit dem, was in Osteuropa so an Filmen, Serien, Kunst produziert wurde. Punkt zwei: „der einfache Mensch“. „Ungleich häufiger“ im Bild als heute. Und drittens „gab es eine prinzipielle und grundsätzliche Kritik“ am Westen und am Kapitalismus.

Der Zirkus am Ufer des Regen. Ein totes Pferd soll man nicht reiten. Deshalb tauche ich ein in ein Buch, das etwas schafft, was selbst ich nicht für möglich gehalten habe. Matthias Krauß singt ein Loblied auf den DDR-Journalismus, ohne dass es peinlich wird. Er bleibt dabei ganz bei sich – bei der Mappe mit Zeitungsausschnitten, die er als Schüler angelegt hat, bei den Aktbildern im Magazin, das sein Vater abonniert hatte und das dem Sohn auch jenseits der Erotik ganze Welten öffnete, bei einem Porträt, das ihm die Lokalzeitung 1977 widmete.

Das Schöne ist: Matthias Krauß hat das alles aufgehoben und darf jetzt als reifer Mann zurückschauen – als Journalist, der später auch die andere Seite erlebt hat, folglich vergleichen kann und vor allem niemandem mehr nach dem Mund reden muss. Die „Qualität der Bilder“, okay. Eher „Kartoffeldruck“ als Zeitung. Die immer gleichen alten Männer, klar. Die Grenzen, die jedes Parteiorgan hat und die auch ein junger Mann wie Krauß schon zu spüren bekam. Aber eben auch Texte, die nah dran waren am Leben (vor allem an der Arbeit) und ihre Leser ernst nahmen. Matthias Krauß ist nach dem Studium 1986 Redakteur der Jugendseite des Potsdamer SED-Blatts geworden und ruft den Journalismusforschern heute zu: Vergleicht doch einfach die Bravo mit dem Neuen Leben, einer Zeitschrift, die damals sein Leitstern war und immer ausverkauft. These von Matthias Krauß: Das Neue Leben

war vielseitiger, anspruchsvoller und in jeder Hinsicht höherwertiger als die Bravo-Post, mit dem endlos einfältigen Star-Rummel, den auf Kauf und Konsum orientierten Modetipps, dem Klatsch und Abklatsch und den klischeehaften Rollenbildern – Ausdruck des insgesamt unpolitischen Grundanspruchs. Nun gut, aus exakt diesem Grund wird dieser Vergleich wohl niemals stattfinden. (S. 103)

Matthias Krauß hat ein kaum zu schlagendes Argument auf seiner Seite: Er, der SED-Propagandist, hatte nach 1990 schnell wieder das Vertrauen des Publikums, das er „bei Lichte besehen“ vielleicht gar nicht verdiente, aber allein wegen seiner Herkunft bekam (S. 116). Und: Er kann sogar jemanden zitieren, der die Ernte-Berichterstattung vermisst, Hassobjekt von Lesern wie von Journalisten – einen Landwirt aus dem Westen, der dort sehen konnte, wie weit die Kollegen waren, was sie wie machten und wie sie auf das Wetter reagierten (S. 166).

Ich gebe zu: Ich habe eine Schwäche für autobiografische Texte. Solche Bücher erlauben mir, all das mit Leben zu füllen, was in den Akten bald zu Staub zerfällt. Ich habe ein Fußballregal (gleich zweimal Lothar Matthäus!), eine DDR-Abteilung, Erinnerungen von Wissenschaftlern und natürlich Journalisten. Da längst nicht jeder schreibt, der etwas zu sagen hat, helfe ich immer wieder nach und sammle als Interviewer Lebensgeschichten ein. Matthias Krauß dürfte einer der ersten ostdeutschen Medienmenschen aus der Geburtskohorte um 1960 sein, der sich öffentlich äußert und dabei nicht einfach das nachbetet, was ohnehin schon überall steht.

Das gilt auch jenseits des Themas Journalismus. Der Wehrdienst, für mich bis heute ein Albtraum, wird von Matthias Krauß als „Entscheidung für eine Art persönlicher Freiheit“ interpretiert (S. 43). Mit 18 unabhängig sein von den Eltern und dann auch ohne Geldsorgen studieren können. Leipzig war für ihn in den 1980ern nicht nur Uni-Standort, sondern auch „Messestadt“ und damit „Weltstadt“ (S. 50). Und der Aufregung um jede DDR-Exmatrikulation, die er keineswegs schönredet, werden „die Millionen Opfer der Demokratisierung“ gegenübergestellt und das laute gesamtdeutsche Schweigen nicht nur in diesem Punkt (S. 58).

Was das alles mit dem Zirkus zu tun hat? Matthias Krauß hat in der DDR das Motto für sein Leben als Journalist gefunden – bei der Arbeit mit einem Parteisoldaten, der einfach nicht rauswollte aus dem Korsett, das die Genossen über sein Leben geworfen hatten.

Ja, sagte ich mir, stelle immer die falschen Fragen. (S. 153)

In Sachen Zirkus liegen alle Antworten auf dem Tisch. Meine Trauer habe ich schon vor mehr als zehn Jahren verarbeitet. Mal schauen, was die Enkel eines Tages dazu sagen.

Matthias Krauß: Die falschen Fragen gestellt. Journalist in zwei deutschen Staaten. Berlin: Das Neue Berlin 2025, 189 Seiten, 18 Euro.

Michael Meyen: Videos

Freie Akademie für Medien & Journalismus

Unterstützen

@ c631e267:c2b78d3e

Willst du den Charakter eines Menschen kennenlernen, \ so gib ihm Macht. \ Abraham Lincoln

Vermutlich war Friedrich Merz erleichtert nach seinem Besuch beim US-Präsidenten im Oval Office. Dem Bundeskanzler kam zwar neben der Wortgewalt Donald Trumps eher eine Statistenrolle in der Medienrunde zu, aber es hätte natürlich viel schlimmer kommen können. Deswegen hatte er sich wohl vorher Ratschläge geholt, wie man hört unter anderem vom ukrainischen Präsidenten Wolodymyr Selenskyj. Offiziell gab der deutsche Regierungschef sogar an, «außerordentlich zufrieden» mit seinem Antrittsbesuch zu sein.

Dabei gibt es aktuell doch mehr Differenzen als Gemeinsamkeiten. Zu den Themen, mit denen es eine sehr unterschiedliche Umgehensweise hier und dort gibt, gehört die Gesundheit. Trumps Gesundheitsminister, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., kritisiert zum Beispiel, die meisten US-Universitäten würden den Studenten zu wenig über die Bedeutung gesunder Ernährung beibringen. Im Vordergrund der medizinischen Ausbildung stünde zu sehr die Behandlung der Menschen mit Medikamenten. Daher plant er, den Fakultäten die Bundesmittel zu streichen, wenn sie ihren Studenten keine Ernährungskurse anbieten.

Der oft als Verschwörungstheoretiker diffamierte RFK Jr. ist auch Teil des wachsenden Widerstands gegen Geoengineering-Aktivitäten. Die Manipulation von Wetter und Klima beispielsweise durch das Freisetzen von Chemikalien in die Atmosphäre kann kaum gesund sein und soll daher mit Louisiana jetzt in einem weiteren US-Bundesstaat verboten werden. Kennedy hatte derartige Maßnahmen auch schon als ein Verbrechen bezeichnet, das es zu stoppen gelte.

Indes ist der deutsche Beitrag in diesem Kontext, dass Ex-Gesundheitsminister und Covid-Impfpflicht-Befürworter Karl Lauterbach jetzt zum Klimaexperten mutiert. Laut Spiegel soll er Mitglied einer Kommission für Klima und Gesundheit bei der Weltgesundheitsorganisation werden, angeblich unentgeltlich. Vermutlich möchte die WHO im Sinne ihrer One-Health-Initiative mit solcher Lobbyarbeit für «Klimaschutz als Teil des Gesundheitsschutzes» ihren globalen Führungsanspruch untermauern.

Das Thema «Corona» ist im Übrigen noch lange nicht erledigt und das Narrativ bekommt weitere Risse. Nachdem Kennedy in den USA den Covid-«Impfstoff» für gesunde Kinder und schwangere Frauen aus dem empfohlenen Impfplan gestrichen hat, ist eine CDC-Beraterin zurückgetreten, die die Gen-Injektionen für Schwangere gefördert hatte. Auch die australische Regierung hat ihre Impfempfehlungen aktualisiert. Sie räumt jetzt ein, dass der Nutzen des «Impfstoffs» die Schäden für gesunde Jugendliche nicht überwiegt.

Gleichzeitig berichten Medien von einer neuen, anhaltenden «Covid-19-Welle» in China. Es gebe Befürchtungen, dass es zu erneuten Lockdowns und anderen drastischen Maßnahmen kommen könnte, obwohl sich die «Infektionen» laut den Gesundheitsbehörden auf einem Abwärtstrend befinden. In einigen Schulen seien Schüler isoliert und unter Quarantäne gestellt worden.

Isolierung, Überwachung und Kontrolle sind ebenfalls ein höchst ungesundes Erbe der «Coronazeit». Die weltweit vielfach eingeführten digitalen «Impfpässe» wurden als Instrument benutzt, um Kampagnen für digitale Identitäten zu fördern und die entsprechenden Systeme aufzubauen. Gerade hat auch Griechenland mit der Einführung seiner «Personal Citizen Number» den Grundstein für ein einheitliches digitales ID-System gelegt.

Derweil schlagen Datenschützer Alarm wegen des Tracking-Potenzials der sogenannten «Phone Home»-Funktion vieler digitaler Ausweise. Dieses «Feature», bei dem im Hintergrund jedesmal der Aussteller kontaktiert wird, um eine Angabe zu überprüfen, werde ganz leise in der Gesellschaft eingeführt, warnen sie. Das gebe den Regierungen den Vorgeschmack auf eine Macht, die sie kaum jemals wieder loslassen würden. Dagegen hilft nur eins: wachsam sein, hinterfragen und im Zweifel «Nein» sagen, anstatt auf eine vermeintliche Bequemlichkeit hereinzufallen.

[Titelbild: Pixabay]

---

Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben und ist zuerst auf Transition News erschienen.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

People forget Bear Stearns failed March 2008 - months of denial followed before the public realized how bad the situation was under the surface.

Similar happening now but much larger scale. They did not fix fundamental issues after 2008 - everything is more fragile.

The Fed preemptively bailed out every bank with their BTFP program and First Republic Bank still failed. The second largest bank failure in history.

There will be more failures. There will be more bailouts. Depositors will be "protected" by socializing losses across everyone.

Our President and mainstream financial pundits are currently pretending the banking crisis is over while most banks remain insolvent. There are going to be many more bank failures as this ponzi system unravels.

Unlike 2008, we have the ability to opt out of these broken and corrupt institutions by using bitcoin. Bitcoin held in self custody is unique in its lack of counterparty risk - you do not have to trust a bank or other centralized entity to hold it for you. Bitcoin is also incredibly difficult to change by design since it is not controlled by an individual, company, or government - the supply of dollars will inevitably be inflated to bailout these failing banks but bitcoin supply will remain unchanged. I do not need to convince you that bitcoin provides value - these next few years will convince millions.

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

---

"Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy.  A private matter is something one doesn't want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn't want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world." - Eric Hughes, A Cypherpunk's Manifesto, 1993

---

Privacy is essential to freedom. Without privacy, individuals are unable to make choices free from surveillance and control. Lack of privacy leads to loss of autonomy. When individuals are constantly monitored it limits our ability to express ourselves and take risks. Any decisions we make can result in negative repercussions from those who surveil us. Without the freedom to make choices, individuals cannot truly be free.

Freedom is essential to acquiring and preserving wealth. When individuals are not free to make choices, restrictions and limitations prevent us from economic opportunities. If we are somehow able to acquire wealth in such an environment, lack of freedom can result in direct asset seizure by governments or other malicious entities. At scale, when freedom is compromised, it leads to widespread economic stagnation and poverty. Protecting freedom is essential to economic prosperity.

The connection between privacy, freedom, and wealth is critical. Without privacy, individuals lose the freedom to make choices free from surveillance and control. While lack of freedom prevents individuals from pursuing economic opportunities and makes wealth preservation nearly impossible. No Privacy? No Freedom. No Freedom? No Wealth.

Rights are not granted. They are taken and defended. Rights are often misunderstood as permission to do something by those holding power. However, if someone can give you something, they can inherently take it from you at will. People throughout history have necessarily fought for basic rights, including privacy and freedom. These rights were not given by those in power, but rather demanded and won through struggle. Even after these rights are won, they must be continually defended to ensure that they are not taken away. Rights are not granted - they are earned through struggle and defended through sacrifice.

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ a5ee4475:2ca75401

[EM ATUALIZAÇÃO]

vacina #saude #politica #manipulacao #mundial #genocidio #pandemia #conspiracao

"Aqueles que não conseguem lembrar o passado estão condenados a repeti-lo." - George Satayana

Este artigo reúne algumas menções e evidências mais antigas que vim registrando durante alguns anos em relação a Covid-19, vacinas obrigatórias e a ação de agências de governo, fundações, políticos, mídia tradicional, celebridades, influenciadores, cientistas, redes sociais e laboratórios, em envolvimento com genocídio e restrições de liberdades em escala mundial causado por decisões em várias esferas relativas ao covid e as vacinas obrigatórias em geral.

Porém, alguns links podem não estar mais disponíveis, foram que ainda faltam ser registradas muitas informações já divulgadas nos últimos anos e que muitos não tiveram contato pela escassez de meios para a obtenção dessas informações de forma organizada.

Portanto, o presente artigo ainda passará por atualizações de conteúdo e formatação. Logo, se possível, ajudem sugerindo complementos ou alterações, ou com doações.

---

Noções iniciais:

• O termo 'Coronavírus' (COVID) é na verdade um nome genérico para vários vírus de gripes já comuns, dado para o tipo corona (com uma "coroa", 'espetos' ao redor dele), o Sars-Cov-2 (que passou a ser chamado erroneamente só de Covid), é só um deles.
• SARS-CoV-2 é que é nome do vírus. Ele que causa a doença Covid-19;
• O coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 é o segundo tipo de SARS-CoV documentado, o primeiro ocorreu entre 2002 e 2003, se originando também da China e também dito como tendo origem animal;
• SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) - Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) é a uma doença respiratória viral, relatada ser de origem zoonótica (animal), causada pelos coronavírus SARS-CoV (2002) e SARS-CoV-2 (2019), ambos de origem chinesa;

---

1. Vacinas Obrigatórias em Geral

23/01/2025 - [Pesquisa] Vacinas nos EUA causando autismo em crianças https://publichealthpolicyjournal.com/vaccination-and-neurodevelopmental-disorders-a-study-of-nine-year-old-children-enrolled-in-medicaid/

• O CDC admite que 98 milhões de pessoas receberam o vírus do câncer através da vacina da Poliomielite https://medicinanews.com.br/frente/frente_1/o-cdc-admite-que-98-milhoes-de-pessoas-receberam-o-virus-do-cancer-atraves-da-vacina-poliomielite/

"O CDC (Os Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos Estados Unidos) removeu rapidamente uma página do seu site, que estava em cache no Google, como você pode ver logo abaixo, admitindo que mais de 98 milhões de americanos receberam uma ou mais doses de vacina contra pólio dentro de 8 período entre 1955 e 1963, quando uma proporção da vacina foi contaminada com um poliomavírus causador de câncer chamado SV40."

Fonte original da imagem: https://preventdisease.com/images13/CDC_Polio.png [indisponível] - A imagem foi trocada por outra de menor qualidade e em outro link, mas eu já tinha a imagem original salva.

Imagem arquivada em: https://web.archive.org/web/20201203231640/

27/02/2021 - Por que o Japão demorou para vacinar, mesmo com Olimpíada se aproximando https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/2021/02/27/por-que-o-japao-demorou-para-vacinar-mesmo-com-olimpiada-se-aproximando

"Desconfiança da população japonesa em relação a vacinas, ligada a casos ocorridos no passado, está entre razões que atrasaram imunização no país.

A resistência à vacina do Japão remonta à década de 1970, quando duas crianças morreram dentro de 24 horas após receberem a vacina combinada contra difteria, tétano e coqueluche (coqueluche). A vacina foi temporariamente suspensa, mas a confiança já havia sido abalada. Por vários anos, as taxas de vacinação infantil caíram, levando a um aumento nos casos de tosse convulsa.

No final dos anos 1980, houve outro susto com a introdução da vacina tripla contra sarampo, caxumba e rubéola produzida no Japão. As primeiras versões do imunizante foram associadas à meningite asséptica, ou inchaço das membranas ao redor do cérebro e da medula espinhal. O problema foi rastreado até o componente caxumba da vacina tripla, o que levou a uma ação judicial e a indenização por danos pesados.

O Instituto Nacional de Ciências da Saúde interrompeu a dose combinada em 1993 e a substituiu por vacinas individuais. Após o escândalo, Shibuya disse que o governo japonês se tornou "ciente dos riscos" e seu programa nacional de vacinação tornou-se voluntário.

O Dr. Yuho Horikoshi, especialista em doenças infecciosas, diz que os processos levaram a uma "lacuna de vacinação", em que nenhuma vacina foi aprovada no Japão por cerca de 15 anos.

Mais recentemente, em 2013, o Japão adicionou a vacina contra o papilomavírus humano (HPV) ao calendário nacional para proteger as meninas contra o vírus sexualmente transmissível, que é conhecido por causar câncer cervical. No entanto, vídeos de meninas supostamente sofrendo de reações adversas começaram a circular no YouTube, levando o governo a retirá-los da programação nacional."

---

2. PRIMEIRAS OCORRÊNCIAS PREDITIVAS AO COVID-19

2002 - Síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS) Brenda L. Tesini (setembro de 2018). Síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS) [indisponível]. Manual Merck. Consultado em 23 de janeiro de 2020, citado no Wikipedia

SARS - Wikipédia: "A SARS [doença do vírus SARS-CoV] foi detectada pela primeira vez no fim de 2002 na China. Entre 2002 e 2003, um surto da doença resultou em mais de 8 000 casos e cerca de 800 mortes em todo o mundo."

2010 - Fundação Rockfeller, Lockstep. https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/Annual-Report-2010-1.pdf

Neste PDF da fundação Rockfeller, em seu próprio site, a fundação deixou claro o seu envolvimento em casos de ‘contenção’ de pandemias juntamente com a USAID (agência americana com nome ambíguo, como formalmente ‘United States Agency for International Development’, mas soando como ‘US Socorre’, mas sendo um braço do governo democrata que financiava interferências políticas diretas em vários países, como em intervenções no Brasil ), inclusive em relacionadas ao SARS, o mesmo sintoma dos coronavírus Sars-Cov e Sars-Cov-2 (o vírus propagado em 2019) e que causa o COVID-19.

Segundo eles:

“Integração entre Regiões e Países

A Fundação Rockefeler investiu US$ 22 milhões em sua Iniciativa de Redes de Vigilância de Doenças para ajudar a conter a disseminação de doenças infecciosas e pandemias, fortalecendo os sistemas nacionais, regionais e globais de vigilância e resposta a doenças. Dois programas-chave da Rockefeler — a Rede de Vigilância de Doenças da Bacia do Mekong e a Rede Integrada de Vigilância de Doenças da África Oriental — conectaram e capacitaram profissionais de saúde, epidemiologistas e autoridades de saúde pública em toda a região, levando a um aumento de seis vezes nos locais de vigilância de doenças transfronteiriças somente nos últimos três anos. Em 2010, a Rockefeler expandiu a bem-sucedida campanha transdisciplinar One Health, que a USAID e o Banco Asiático de Desenvolvimento adotaram como modelos. One Health refere-se à integração da ciência médica e veterinária para combater essas novas variedades de doenças zoonóticas que se movem e sofrem mutações rapidamente de animais para humanos. Essas colaborações criaram e fortaleceram uma rede regional crítica de saúde pública, enquanto as lições aprendidas foram exportadas entre disciplinas e países. Além de fortalecer os laços globais em saúde pública, a Rockefeler ajudou a elevar o nível de especialização e treinamento em campo. O Programa de Treinamento em Epidemiologia de Campo coloca graduados nos mais altos escalões do governo no Laos e no Vietnã, enquanto as bolsas da Rockefeler transformaram as ferramentas disponíveis para os médicos, permitindo-lhes utilizar o poder da internet para se comunicar e monitorar eventos, compreender contextos locais e analisar novos problemas. Finalmente, estamos aplicando ferramentas do século XXI para combater os desafios de saúde do século XXI.”

Julho de 2012 - Revista Mundo Estranho - Epidemias Citado em: https://super.abril.com.br/especiais/epidemia-o-risco-invisivel/

Página do site ME salva em Imagem no Voidcat

Houve uma ‘coincidência’, a revista Mundo Estranho em julho de 2012, entrevistou o até então doutorando em virologia, Átila Iamarino (do canal Nerdologia no Youtube - O mesmo cientista que fez diversas propagandas das vacinas no Brasil), para descrever um possível cenário de propagação de uma epidemia viral, a revista descreve com grande precisão os eventos de 2020, mas apontando o oposto da China, em que, na realidade, sua economia cresceu vertiginosamente.

Segundo eles:

“ 1 – A Ásia é o ponto de partida. Após várias mutações, um novo vírus surge hospedado em morcegos. As fezes que eles soltam no ar infectam guaxinins. Dos mercados da China, esses animais são levados vivos para serem abatidos em restaurantes. Estressados, eles arranham e mordem os cozinheiros, espalhando o vírus.

2 – O vírus adquire a capacidade de ser transmitido de homem para homem por via aérea – forma mais fácil de contágio. Além disso, o contágio se dá antes mesmo de o enfermo apresentar os sintomas. Assim, em média, o doente infecta cinco pessoas antes de ter febre, vômito, diarreia, desidratação e falta de ar.

3 – O governo chinês envia uma comissão para avaliar a doença misteriosa que acomete alguns vilarejos. A equipe volta sem resultados e não considera o surto alarmante até que três pesquisadores adoecem e um deles morre. A China não informa a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para não demonstrar fragilidade.

4 – Os sintomas são comuns e a doença só chama a atenção quando muita gente começa a morrer na mesma região. Ainda assim, demora para que médicos e enfermeiros percebam a ineficiência de antibióticos na cura – o que exclui a maioria das bactérias como agente causador. Testes com vírus comuns também dão negativo.

5 – O governo isola comunidades em que há focos da doença. Ninguém entra nas cidades e nenhum doente pode sair. Mas, como a misteriosa enfermidade demora quatro dias para mostrar seus sintomas, muitos doentes saem dos vilarejos sem saber que estão infectados, alastrando a epidemia.

6 – Doentes viajam de avião para grandes cidades, como Hong Kong. O fervilhante centro comercial, que atrai gente do mundo todo, é um polo de contágio e disseminação. Sem imaginar o risco que correm, pessoas são contaminadas e, ao voltar para seu local de origem, carregam o vírus para todos os continentes.

7 – Com a doença já fora de controle, começa uma corrida entre laboratórios e cientistas de grandes universidades para descobrir o agente causador. Mesmo com o vírus isolado, as vacinas demoram para ser feitas em larga escala, tornando impossível o atendimento à demanda mundial.

8 – Os países se isolam, mantendo esquemas de quarentena. Aeroportos são fechados e o turismo mundial cai a quase zero. A China sofre as piores consequências, com o fluxo de empresários para Hong Kong suspenso – gerando prejuízos de bilhões de dólares – e com o boicote a produtos alimentícios vindos da Ásia.

9 – Além dos 10% de casos letais, os milhões de doentes precisam de atendimento médico. Enquanto hospitais e cemitérios estão lotados, escolas, indústrias e comércio ficam paralisados por falta de profissionais. O transporte público também para e os trabalhadores que podem passam a trabalhar em casa.

10 – Nas nações pobres, quase 20% da população morre – e outros milhões são vitimados mesmo em países ricos. Parte dessa mortalidade ocorre por causa da doença, mas outro fator determinante é a crise financeira global. A produção de alimentos cai por falta de mão de obra.

Fontes: A História e Suas Epidemias e Pandemias – A Humanidade em Risco, de Stefan Cunha Ujvari; Pragas e Epidemias – Histórias de Doenças Infecciosas, de Antonio Carlos de Castro Toledo Jr. Consultoria: Stefan Ujvari Cunha, infectologista do Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz; Paolo Zanotto, professor de virologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) da USP; Átila Iamarino, doutorando em HIV-1 no ICB da USP. “

---

3. PRIMEIROS INDÍCIOS

10/2019 - Evento 201 - Durante os Jogos Militares Internacionais na China https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/event201/

Promovido por: - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation - John Hopkins Institute - Fórum econômico mundial

"O evento simula a liberação de um coronavírus novo do tipo zoonótico transmitido por morcegos para porcos e por fim para humanos. Eventualmente ele se torna muito transmissível entre humanos levando a uma pandemia severa. O vírus é muito parecido com o vírus da SARS, mas se transmite muito mais facilmente entre pessoas devido a sintomas muito mais leves destas."

Também mencionado por: Jornal Estadão

Sobre o "Movimento antivacina"

05/12/2017 - Movimento antivacina: como surgiu e quais consequências ele pode trazer? https://www.uol.com.br/universa/noticias/redacao/2017/12/05/o-que-o-movimento-antivacina-pode-causar.htm?cmpid=copiaecola

23/03/2019 - "Instagram bloqueia hashtags e conteúdo antivacinação" https://canaltech.com.br/redes-sociais/instagram-bloqueia-hashtags-e-conteudo-antivacinacao-135411/

23/05/2021 - Novos dados sobre pesquisadores de Wuhan aumentam debate sobre origens da Covid https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/novos-dados-sobre-pesquisadores-de-wuhan-aumentam-debate-sobre-origens-da-covid/

"A China relatou à Organização Mundial da Saúde que o primeiro paciente com sintomas semelhantes aos de Covid-19 foi registrado em Wuhan em 8 de dezembro de 2019"

01/02/2020 - O que aconteceu desde que o novo coronavírus foi descoberto na China https://exame.com/ciencia/o-que-aconteceu-desde-que-o-novo-coronavirus-foi-descoberto-na-china/

"O primeiro alerta foi recebido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 31 de dezembro de 2019"

15/09/2020 - YouTube diz que vai remover vídeos com mentiras sobre vacina contra COVID-19 https://gizmodo.uol.com.br/youtube-remover-videos-mentiras-vacina-covid-19/

"O YouTube anunciou na quarta-feira (14) que estenderá as regras atuais sobre mentiras, propaganda e teorias da conspiração sobre a pandemia do coronavírus para incluir desinformação sobre as vacinas contra a doença.

De acordo com a Reuters, a gigante do vídeo diz que agora vai proibir conteúdos sobre vacinas contra o coronavírus que contradizem “o consenso de especialistas das autoridades de saúde locais ou da OMS”, como afirmações falsas de que a vacina é um pretexto para colocar chips de rastreamento nas pessoas ou que irá matar ou esterilizar quem tomar."

*07/01/2021 - YouTube vai punir canais que promovem mentiras sobre eleições – incluindo os de Trump https://olhardigital.com.br/2021/01/07/noticias/youtube-vai-punir-canais-que-promovem-mentiras-sobre-eleicoes-incluindo-os-de-trump/

"O YouTube anunciou que vai punir canais que promovem mentiras sobre as eleições, removendo sumariamente qualquer vídeo que contenha desinformação e, ao mesmo tempo, advertindo com um “strike” o canal que o veicular. A medida já está valendo e a primeira “vítima” é ninguém menos que o ex-presidente americano, Donald Trump.

A medida não é exatamente nova, mas foi novamente comunicada e reforçada pelo YouTube na quarta-feira (6), após os eventos de invasão do Capitólio, em Washington, onde o presidente eleito Joe Biden participava da cerimônia que confirmava a sua vitória nas eleições de novembro de 2020. A ocasião ficou marcada pela tentativa de invasão de correligionários de Trump, que entraram no edifício em oposição à nomeação do novo presidente. Uma mulher acabou sendo morta pela polícia que protegia o local.

O ex-presidente Donald Trump teve vídeos banidos de seu canal no YouTube após os eventos de ontem (6) no capitólio."

---

4. FIGURAS CENTRAIS

Bill Gates

• Bill Gates diz 'não' a abrir patentes de vacinas https://www.frontliner.com.br/bill-gates-diz-nao-a-abrir-patentes-de-vacinas/

"Bill Gates, um dos homens mais ricos do mundo, cuja fundação tem participação na farmacêutica alemã CureVac, produtora de vacina mRNA para prevenção de covid-19, disse não acreditar que a propriedade intelectual tenha algo a ver com o longo esforço global para controlar a pandemia."

João Doria - Governo de São Paulo

26/07/2017 - João Dória vai a China conhecer drones para ampliar segurança eletrônica na capital paulista https://jc.ne10.uol.com.br/blogs/jamildo/2017/07/26/joao-doria-vai-china-conhecer-drones-para-ampliar-seguranca-eletronica-na-capital-paulista/

02/08/2019 - Governo de SP fará Missão China para ampliar cooperação e atrair investimentos https://www.saopaulo.sp.gov.br/spnoticias/governo-de-sao-paulo-detalha-objetivos-da-missao-china/

20/11/2019 - Doria se encontra com chineses das gigantes CREC e CRCC e oferece concessões de rodovia, metrô e ferrovia https://diariodotransporte.com.br/2019/11/20/doria-se-encontra-com-chineses-das-gigantes-crec-e-crcc-e-oferece-concessoes-de-rodovia-metro-e-ferrovia/

25/01/2020 - "Chineses serão agressivos" nas privatizações em SP até 2022, afirma Dória https://noticias.uol.com.br/colunas/jamil-chade/2020/01/25/entrevista-joao-doria-privatizacoes-sao-paulo-china.htm

O governador de São Paulo, João Doria, afirma que vai acelerar os programas de desestatização no estado em 2020 e acredita que concessões e vendas poderão permitir uma arrecadação de pelo menos R$ 40 bilhões. Nesse processo, o governador avalia que a China deve atuar de forma agressiva e que aprofundará sua posição de maior parceira comercial do estado, se distanciando de americanos e argentinos.

29/06/2020 - Doria estabelece multa para quem estiver sem máscara na rua em SP https://veja.abril.com.br/saude/doria-estabelece-multa-para-quem-estiver-sem-mascara-na-rua/

24/12/2020 - Doria é flagrado sem máscara e fazendo compras em Miami https://pleno.news/brasil/politica-nacional/doria-e-flagrado-sem-mascara-e-fazendo-compras-em-miami.html

"Foto do governador de São Paulo sem o item de proteção viralizou nas redes"

07/06/2021 - Doria é criticado na internet por tomar sol sem máscara em hotel no Rio https://vejasp.abril.com.br/cidades/doria-e-criticado-na-internet-por-tomar-sol-sem-mascara-em-hotel-no-rio/

30/09/2020 - Governo de SP assina contrato com Sinovac e prevê vacina para dezembro https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/saude/noticia/2020-09/governo-de-sp-assina-contrato-com-sinovac-e-preve-vacina-para-dezembro

O governador de São Paulo, João Doria, e o vice-presidente da laboratório chinês Sinovac, Weining Meng, assinaram hoje (30), um contrato que prevê o fornecimento de 46 milhões de doses da vacina CoronaVac para o governo paulista até dezembro deste ano.

O contrato também prevê a transferência tecnológica da vacina da Sinovac para o Instituto Butantan, o que significa que, o instituto brasileiro poderá começar a fabricar doses dessa vacina contra o novo coronavírus. O valor do contrato, segundo o governador João Doria é de US$ 90 milhões.

20/10/2020 - Coronavac terá mais de 90% de eficácia, afirmam integrantes do governo paulista https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2020/12/20/coronavac-tera-mais-de-90-de-eficacia-afirmam-integrantes-do-governo

24/10/2020 - Não esperamos 90% de eficácia da Coronavac’, diz secretário de saúde de SP https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2020/12/24/nao-esperamos-90-de-eficacia-da-coronavac-diz-secretario-de-saude-de-sp

07/01/2021 - Vacina do Butantan: eficácia é de 78% em casos leves e 100% em graves https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2021/01/07/vacina-do-butantan-eficacia-e-de-78-em-casos-leves-e-100-em-graves

09/01/2021 - Não é hora de sermos tão cientistas como estamos sendo agora https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/video/nao-e-hora-de-sermos-tao-cientistas-como-estamos-sendo-agora-diz-secretario-de-saude-de-sp-9166405.ghtml

10/01/2021 - Dados da Coronavac relatados à Anvisa não estão claros, diz médico https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/saude/2021/01/10/dados-da-coronavac-relatados-a-anvisa-nao-estao-claros-diz-medico

"O diretor do Laboratório de Imunologia do Incor, Jorge Kalil, reforçou que faltaram informações sobre a Coronavac nos dados divulgados à Anvisa"

12/01/2021 - New Brazil data shows disappointing 50,4% efficacy for China’s Coronavac vaccine [Novos dados do Brasil mostram eficácia decepcionante de 50,4% para a vacina CoronaVac da China] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-brazil-coronavirus/new-brazil-data-shows-disappointing-504-efficacy-for-chinas-coronavac-vaccine-idUSKBN29H2CE

13/01/2021 - Eficácia da Coronavac: 50,38%, 78% ou 100%? https://blogs.oglobo.globo.com/lauro-jardim/post/5038-78-ou-100.html

“De acordo com interlocutores que participaram tanto do anúncio de ontem como da semana passada, quem pressionou para que os dados de 78% e 100% fossem liberados foi João Dória.”

07/05/2021 - Covid-19: Doria toma primeira dose da vacina CoronaVac https://veja.abril.com.br/saude/covid-19-doria-toma-primeira-dose-da-vacina-coronavac/

04/06/2021 - Doria é vacinado com a segunda dose da CoronaVac em São Paulo https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2021/06/04/doria-e-vacinado-com-a-segunda-dose-da-coronavac-em-sao-paulo.htm

15/07/2021 - Doria testa positivo para a Covid-19 pela 2ª vez https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/politica/2021/07/4937833-doria-testa-positivo-para-covid-19-pela-segunda-vez.html

"Governador de São Paulo já havia sido diagnosticado com a doença no ano passado. Ele diz que, apesar da infecção, se sente bem, o que atribui ao fato de ter sido vacinado com duas doses da Coronavac"

06/08/2021 - CPI recebe investigação contra Doria por compra de máscara sem licitação https://www.conexaopoder.com.br/nacional/cpi-recebe-investigacao-contra-doria-por-compra-de-mascara-sem-licitacao/150827

"Empresa teria usado o nome de Alexandre Frota para vender máscaras ao governo de SP. Doria nega informação"

Renan Filho

(filho do Renan Calheiros)

25/07/2019 - Governador Renan Filho vai à China em busca de investimentos para o estado https://www.tnh1.com.br/videos/vid/governador-renan-filho-vai-a-china-em-busca-de-investimentos-para-o-estado/

20/03/2020 - Governadores do NE consultam China e pedem material para tratar covid-19 https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2020/03/20/governadores-do-ne-consultam-china-e-pedem-material-para-tratar-covid-19.htm

---

5. Narrativas, restrições e proibições

17/12/2020 - STF decide que vacina contra a covid pode ser obrigatória, mas não forçada https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2020/12/17/stf-julga-vacinacao-obrigatoria.htm?cmpid=copiaecola

"O STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal) decidiu, em julgamento hoje, que o Estado pode determinar a obrigatoriedade da vacinação contra a covid-19. Porém fica proibido o uso da força para exigir a vacinação, ainda que possam ser aplicadas restrições a direitos de quem recusar a imunização.

Dez ministros foram favoráveis a obrigatoriedade da vacinação, que poderá ser determinada pelo governo federal, estados ou municípios. As penalidades a quem não cumprir a obrigação deverão ser definidas em lei."

27/07/2021 - Saiba que países estão adotando 'passaporte da vacina' para suspender restrições https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/2021/07/27/saiba-que-paises-estao-adotando-passaporte-da-vacina-para-suspender-restricoes

" - Israel - Uniao Europeia - Áustria - Dinamarca - Eslovênia - França - Grécia - Irlanda - Itália - Letônia - Lituânia - Luxemburgo - Holanda - Portugal - Japão - Coreia do sul"

18/06/2021 - O que é o passaporte da vacina que Bolsonaro quer vetar? https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2021/06/18/uol-explica-o-que-e-o-passaporte-da-vacina-que-opoe-bolsonaro-e-damares.htm

"O Brasil poderá ter um certificado de imunização futuramente. Aprovado no Senado na semana passada, o "passaporte da vacina", como é chamado, prevê identificar pessoas vacinadas para que entrem em locais públicos ou privados com possíveis restrições."

---

6. Vacinas

Alegações iniciais

• CoronaVac, Oxford e Pfizer: veja diferenças entre as vacinas contra covid noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2021/05/11/diferencas-vacinas-covid-brasil.htm

" - CoronaVac (Butantan/Sinovac - Chinesa) Com virus inativo 50,38% de eficácia 2 doses

• Covishield - 'AstraZeneca' (Fiocruz/Astrazenica/Oxford - Britânica) Com virus não replicante 67% de eficácia 2 doses

• ComiRNAty - 'Pfizer' (Pfizer - Americana / BioNTech - Alemã) Com RNA mensageiro 96% de eficácia 2 doses"

Riscos diretos

15/06/2021 - Trombose após vacinação com AstraZeneca: Quais os sintomas e como se deve atuar? https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/trombose-apos-vacinacao-com-astrazeneca-quais-os-sintomas-e-como-se-deve-atuar/

"Agências europeias estão reticentes com a vacina da AstraZeneca. Ela chegou a ser desaconselhada a pessoas com idade inferior a 60 anos, e um alto funcionário da Agência Europeia de Medicamentos declarou que era melhor deixar de administrar a vacina deste laboratório em qualquer idade quando há alternativas disponíveis, devido aos relatos de trombose após a primeira dose, apesar de raros."

11/05/2021 - CoronaVac, Oxford e Pfizer: veja diferenças entre as vacinas contra covid https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2021/05/11/diferencas-vacinas-covid-brasil.htm

"Na terça-feira (12), o Ministério da Saúde determinou a suspensão da aplicação da vacina de Oxford/AstraZeneca para gestantes e puérperas com comorbidades. A decisão segue recomendação da Anvisa, que apura a morte de uma grávida de 35 anos que tomou o imunizante e teve um AVC (acidente vascular cerebral)."

30/07/2021 - Pfizer representa o mesmo risco de trombose que a Astrazeneca, aponta levantamento https://panoramafarmaceutico.com.br/pfizer-representa-o-mesmo-risco-de-trombose-que-a-astrazeneca-aponta-levantamento/

---

7. CRIMES

Crimes da Pfizer

18/11/2020 Não listado no google - Os Crimes documentados da produtora de vacinas de Covid - Pfizer [INGLÊS] https://www.dmlawfirm.com/crimes-of-covid-vaccine-maker-pfizer-well-documented/

"A velocidade com que a vacina Covid da Pfizer foi produzida, a ausência de estudos em animais, testes de controle randomizados e outros testes e procedimentos padrão usuais para um novo medicamento são, no mínimo, preocupantes. Além disso, todos os fabricantes de vacinas Covid receberam imunidade legal para quaisquer ferimentos ou mortes que possam causar. Se essas vacinas são tão seguras quanto promovidas, por que seus fabricantes precisam de imunidade geral?"

"A Pfizer, uma empresa farmacêutica que parece ter ganhado na loteria para produzir a primeira vacina Covid-19, está atualmente lutando contra centenas de ações judiciais sobre o Zantac, um popular medicamento contra azia. Os processos da Zantac afirmam que a droga popular pode estar contaminada com uma substância cancerígena chamada N-nitrosodimetilamina (NDMA). Os processos Zantac são em aberto e em andamento, já que a farmacêutica está lutando contra eles; mas a Pfizer, sabemos, cometeu vários crimes ou transgressões pelos quais foi punida nos últimos anos. As falhas da empresa estão bem documentadas e vale a pena revisá-las neste momento crítico da história da humanidade, enquanto todos nós buscamos respostas."

A Pfizer recebeu a maior multa da história dos Estados Unidos como parte de um acordo judicial de US $ 2,3 bilhões com promotores federais por promover medicamentos erroneamente (Bextra, Celebrex) e pagar propinas a médicos complacentes. A Pfizer se confessou culpada de falsificar a marca do analgésico Bextra, promovendo o medicamento para usos para os quais não foi aprovado.

Na década de 1990, a Pfizer estava envolvida em válvulas cardíacas defeituosas que causaram a morte de mais de 100 pessoas. A Pfizer enganou deliberadamente os reguladores sobre os perigos. A empresa concordou em pagar US $ 10,75 milhões para acertar as acusações do departamento de justiça por enganar reguladores.

A Pfizer pagou mais de US $ 60 milhões para resolver um processo sobre o Rezulin, um medicamento para diabetes que causou a morte de pacientes de insuficiência hepática aguda.

No Reino Unido, a Pfizer foi multada em quase € 90 milhões por sobrecarregar o NHS, o Serviço Nacional de Saúde. A Pfizer cobrou do contribuinte um adicional de € 48 milhões por ano, pelo que deveria custar € 2 milhões por ano.

A Pfizer concordou em pagar US $ 430 milhões em 2004 para resolver acusações criminais de que havia subornado médicos para prescrever seu medicamento para epilepsia Neurontin para indicações para as quais não foi aprovado. Em 2011, um júri concluiu que a Pfizer cometeu fraude em sua comercialização do medicamento Neurontin. A Pfizer concordou em pagar $ 142,1 milhões para liquidar as despesas.

A Pfizer revelou que pagou quase 4.500 médicos e outros profissionais médicos cerca de US $ 20 milhões por falar em nome da Pfizer.

Em 2012, a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários dos Estados Unidos - anunciou que havia chegado a um acordo de US $ 45 milhões com a Pfizer para resolver acusações de que suas subsidiárias haviam subornado médicos e outros profissionais de saúde no exterior para aumentar as vendas no exterior.

A Pfizer foi processada em um tribunal federal dos Estados Unidos por usar crianças nigerianas como cobaias humanas, sem o consentimento dos pais das crianças. A Pfizer pagou US $ 75 milhões para entrar em acordo no tribunal nigeriano pelo uso de um antibiótico experimental, o Trovan, nas crianças. A empresa pagou um valor adicional não divulgado nos Estados Unidos para liquidar as despesas aqui. A Pfizer violou o direito internacional, incluindo a Convenção de Nuremberg estabelecida após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, devido aos experimentos nazistas em prisioneiros relutantes.

Em meio a críticas generalizadas de roubar os países pobres em busca de drogas, a Pfizer prometeu dar US $ 50 milhões para um medicamento para a AIDS para a África do Sul. Mais tarde, no entanto, a Pfizer falhou em honrar essa promessa.

• Pfizer contract leaked! [Contrato da Pfizer vazado] http://sanjeev.sabhlokcity.com/Misc/LEXO-KONTRATEN-E-PLOTE.pdf

Segundo o contrato "o produto não deve ser serializado":

"5.5 Reconhecimento do comprador.

O Comprador reconhece que a Vacina e os materiais relacionados à Vacina, e seus componentes e materiais constituintes estão sendo desenvolvidos rapidamente devido às circunstâncias de emergência da pandemia de COVID-19 e continuarão a ser estudados após o fornecimento da Vacina ao Comprador nos termos deste Contrato. O Comprador reconhece ainda que os efeitos de longo prazo e eficácia da Vacina não são atualmente conhecidos e que pode haver efeitos adversos da Vacina que não são atualmente conhecidos. Além disso, na medida do aplicável, o Comprador reconhece que o Produto não deve ser serializado."

Crimes da AstraZeneca

21/06/2003 - AstraZeneca se declara culpada no esquema de médico de câncer https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/21/business/astrazeneca-pleads-guilty-in-cancer-medicine-scheme.html

"A AstraZeneca, a grande empresa farmacêutica, se declarou culpada hoje de uma acusação de crime de fraude no sistema de saúde e concordou em pagar $ 355 milhões para resolver as acusações criminais e civis de que se envolveu em um esquema nacional para comercializar ilegalmente um medicamento contra o câncer de próstata.

O governo disse que os funcionários da empresa deram incentivos financeiros ilegais a cerca de 400 médicos em todo o país para persuadi-los a prescrever o medicamento Zoladex. Esses incentivos incluíram milhares de amostras grátis de Zoladex [...]"

27/04/2010 - Farmacêutica gigante AstraZeneca pagará US $ 520 milhões pelo marketing de medicamentos off-label https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/pharmaceutical-giant-astrazeneca-pay-520-million-label-drug-marketing

"AstraZeneca LP e AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP vão pagar $ 520 milhões para resolver as alegações de que a AstraZeneca comercializou ilegalmente o medicamento antipsicótico Seroquel para usos não aprovados como seguros e eficazes pela Food and Drug Administration (FDA), os Departamentos de Justiça e Saúde e Serviços Humanos A Equipe de Ação de Fiscalização de Fraudes em Saúde (HEAT) anunciou hoje. Esses usos não aprovados também são conhecidos como usos "off-label" porque não estão incluídos no rótulo do medicamento aprovado pela FDA."

• List of largest pharmaceutical settlements [Lista dos maiores acordos farmaceuticos] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_pharmaceutical_settlements

---

8. CIENTISTAS

• Máscara Provoca Insuficiência Respiratória E Contaminação Microbiana… [Canal deletado] https://youtube.com/watch?v=eHu-pydSvDI

Não lembro mais a quem pertencia, mas provavelmente era de um médico falando do assunto. Creio ter sido do Dr. Paulo Sato, por essa temática ter sido abordada por ele, mas ao abrir o site aparece somente:

"Este vídeo foi removido por violar as diretrizes da comunidade do YouTube"

Dr. Paulo Sato

• USAR ou NÃO USAR a CUECA do seu governador no rosto https://fb.watch/7NPP_7rS5S/ https://www.facebook.com/AdoniasSoaresBR/videos/1347904292291481/ Adonias Soares entrevista ao Dr. Paulo Sato sobre as máscaras, em que é simulado o efeito da respiração prolongada das máscaras no organismo com o uso de águas de torneira, natural, gaseificada (com gás carbônico) e antioxidante, em que a com gás carbônico (PH 4 - Ácido) representa o organismo humano, e na prática representa lesão corporal e iniciação de doenças.

Dr. Kary Mullis

(Criador do teste PCR)

• PCR nas palavras do seu inventor - Dr. Kary Mullis (legendado) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1O52uTygk8

"Qualquer um pode testar positivo para quase qualquer coisa com um teste de PCR, se você executá-lo por tempo suficiente… Com PCR, se voce fizer isso bem, você pode encontrar quase tudo em qualquer pessoa… Isso não te diz que você está doente."

• Kary Mullis DESTRUYE a Anthony Fauci lbry://@CapitalistChile#0/Kary-Mullis---Fauci#5

"Ele [...] não entende de medicina e não deveria estar onde está. A maioria dos que estão acima são só administrativos e não têm nem ideia do que ocorre aqui em baixo e essas pessoas tem uma agenda que não é a que gostaríamos que tivessem, dado que somos nós os que pagamos a eles para que cuidem da nossa saúde. Têm uma agenda pessoal."

Dra. Li-Meng Yan

• Dra. Li-Meng Yan: O vírus foi criado em laboratório com um objetivo: Causar dano. https://youtu.be/pSXp3CZnvOc

Dr. Joe Roseman

• Cientista Phd Dr Joe Roseman faz seríssimas advertencias sobre a picada https://youtu.be/0PIXVFqJ_h8

Dr. Robert Malone

• As vacinas podem estar causando ADE - Dr. Robert Malone https://odysee.com/@AkashaComunidad:f/Las_vacunas_pueden_estar_causando_ADE_magnificaci%C3%B3n_mediada_por:f lbry://@Información.#b/Drrm#9

Dr. Robert Malone, um dos três inventores da tecnologia de RNAm que se usa de forma farmacêutica. No vídeo fala sobre os efeitos de ADE (realce dependente de anticorpos) que estão ocorrendo com as vacinas. Nas palavras do Dr. Malone, já não é somente uma hipótese, mas baseada nos conhecimentos gerados nas provas e ensaios pré clínicos, com as vacinas contra o primeiro vírus da SARS.

Dr. Luc Montagnier

• Dr. Luc Montagnier, virologista, prêmio Nobel de medicina, um dos descobridores do vírus HIV, afirma: "a vacinação em massa está criando as novas variantes' (@medicospelavida , telegram)

CASOS DOCUMENTADOS

13/09/2021 - 13 de setembro de 2021 - Carta aberta ao Ministro da Saúde por Arlene Ferrari Graf, mãe de Bruno Oscar Graf https://telegra.ph/Carta-aberta-ao-Ministro-da-Sa%C3%BAde-09-13

Também em: Gazeta do Povo

O texto de uma mãe discorrendo sobre o filho dela, Bruno Oscar Graf, ter ANTI-HEPARINA PF4 AUTO-IMUNE e ter vindo a falecer por reação à vacina.

11/05/2021 - Rio notifica morte de grávida vacinada com imunizante Oxford https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/coronavirus/rio-notifica-morte-de-gravida-vacinada-com-imunizante-oxford,415b9b0c49169427ac2f90ae3765c057e9suy3qn.html

"Vítima não apresentava histórico de doença circulatória nem sofria de nenhuma doença viral; relação será investigada"

13/08/2021 - Cruzeiro com 4.336 pessoas tem 27 contaminados com Covid-19 em Belize https://paranaportal.uol.com.br/geral/cruzeiro-com-4-336-pessoas-tem-27-contaminados-com-covid-19-em-belize/amp/

"Segundo um comunicado do Conselho de Turismo de Belize emitido na quarta-feira (11), 26 contaminados são da tripulação e um é passageiro. A maioria é assintomática e os 27 estão vacinados."

---

9. ALEGAÇÕES DIRETAS

09/2021 - Setembro de 2021 - BOMBA: Ex-membro do Partido Comunista da China revela que o primeiro surto da Covid foi “intencional” https://terrabrasilnoticias.com/2021/09/bomba-ex-membro-do-partido-comunista-da-china-revela-que-o-primeiro-surto-da-covid-foi-intencional/

01/03/2023 - 1 de Março de 2023 - O chefe do FBI, Christopher Wray, diz que vazamento de laboratório na China é muito provável https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64806903

26/12/2024 - 26 de Dezembro 2024 - FBI ‘não tem permissão para informar Biden’ sobre a teoria de vazamento de laboratório da Covid https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/fbi-not-allowed-to-brief-biden-on-covid-lab-leak-theory-8df9mr997

O FBI concluiu com "confiança moderada" que a COVID-19 pode ter sido criada em laboratório, com base em parte na análise genômica conduzida por cientistas do Centro Nacional de Inteligência Médica.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

Bank run on every crypto bank then bank run on every "real" bank.

— ODELL (@ODELL) December 14, 2022

Good morning.

It looks like PacWest will fail today. It will be both the fifth largest bank failure in US history and the sixth major bank to fail this year. It will likely get purchased by one of the big four banks in a government orchestrated sale.  

March 8th - Silvergate Bank
March 10th - Silicon Valley Bank
March 12th - Signature Bank
March 19th - Credit Suisse
May 1st - First Republic Bank
May 4th - PacWest Bank?

PacWest is the first of many small regional banks that will go under this year. Most will get bought by the big four in gov orchestrated sales. This has been the playbook since 2008. Follow the incentives. Massive consolidation across the banking industry. PacWest gonna be a drop in the bucket compared to what comes next.

First, a hastened government led bank consolidation, then a public/private partnership with the remaining large banks to launch a surveilled and controlled digital currency network. We will be told it is more convenient. We will be told it is safer. We will be told it will prevent future bank runs. All of that is marketing bullshit. The goal is greater control of money. The ability to choose how we spend it and how we save it. If you control the money - you control the people that use it.

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

Every purchase we make ties us to a vast, hidden network of people, machines, and resources — whether we see it or not.

Supply chains are large industrial systems. They are composed of heterogeneous elements, such as ships, aircraft, trains, and trucks, but also systems of labor, information, and finance that build them and connect them together. Usually the goods flow in one direction and money flows in the opposite direction. Their physical substrates are themselves industrial products, relying on ships, trucks, cranes, fossil fuels, and electric power, tied together by skilled human operators, supervisors, managers, and other industrial roles.

Few of us would likely condone every moment of every supply chain for every product we consume.

Consider any product in your home. Where was it made? (That should be written on the label somewhere.) Where were the parts made? Who put them all together? How did it get to your doorstep?

Continue reading at https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/supply-chains-are-us/

https://stacker.news/items/999509

@ 37666b60:3698ff14

Hello

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• The latest firmware updates for COLDCARD devices introduce two major features: COLDCARD Co-sign (CCC) and Key Teleport between two COLDCARD Q devices using QR codes and/or NFC with a website.

What's new

• COLDCARD Co-Sign: When CCC is enabled, a second seed called the Spending Policy Key (Key C) is added to the device. This seed works with the device's Main Seed and one or more additional XPUBs (Backup Keys) to form 2-of-N multisig wallets.
  • The spending policy functions like a hardware security module (HSM), enforcing rules such as magnitude and velocity limits, address whitelisting, and 2FA authentication to protect funds while maintaining flexibility and control, and is enforced each time the Spending Policy Key is used for signing.
  • When spending conditions are met, the COLDCARD signs the partially signed bitcoin transaction (PSBT) with the Main Seed and Spending Policy Key for fund access. Once configured, the Spending Policy Key is required to view or change the policy, and violations are denied without explanation.

"You can override the spending policy at any time by signing with either a Backup Key and the Main Seed or two Backup Keys, depending on the number of keys (N) in the multisig."

• A step-by-step guide for setting up CCC is available here.

• Key Teleport for Q devices allows users to securely transfer sensitive data such as seed phrases (words, xprv), secure notes and passwords, and PSBTs for multisig. It uses QR codes or NFC, along with a helper website, to ensure reliable transmission, keeping your sensitive data protected throughout the process.

  • For more technical details, see the protocol spec.

"After you sign a multisig PSBT, you have option to “Key Teleport” the PSBT file to any one of the other signers in the wallet. We already have a shared pubkey with them, so the process is simple and does not require any action on their part in advance. Plus, starting in this firmware release, COLDCARD can finalize multisig transactions, so the last signer can publish the signed transaction via PushTX (NFC tap) to get it on the blockchain directly."

• Multisig transactions are finalized when sufficiently signed. It streamlines the use of PushTX with multisig wallets.
• Signing artifacts re-export to various media. Users are now provided with the capability to export signing products, like transactions or PSBTs, to alternative media rather than the original source. For example, if a PSBT is received through a QR code, it can be signed and saved onto an SD card if needed.
• Multisig export files are signed now. Public keys are encoded as P2PKH address for all multisg signature exports. Learn more about it here.
• NFC export usability upgrade: NFC keeps exporting until CANCEL/X is pressed.
• Added Bitcoin Safe option to Export Wallet.
• 10% performance improvement in USB upload speed for large files.
• Q: Always choose the biggest possible display size for QR.

Fixes

• Do not allow change Main PIN to same value already used as Trick PIN, even if Trick PIN is hidden.
• Fix stuck progress bar under Receiving... after a USB communications failure.
• Showing derivation path in Address Explorer for root key (m) showed double slash (//).
• Can restore developer backup with custom password other than 12 words format.
• Virtual Disk auto mode ignores already signed PSBTs (with “-signed” in file name).
• Virtual Disk auto mode stuck on “Reading…” screen sometimes.
• Finalization of foreign inputs from partial signatures. Thanks Christian Uebber!
• Temporary seed from COLDCARD backup failed to load stored multisig wallets.
• Destroy Seed also removes all Trick PINs from SE2.
• Lock Down Seed requires pressing confirm key (4) to execute.
• Q only: Only BBQr is allowed to export Coldcard, Core, and pretty descriptor.

Blog Post / Archive
GitHub Repo
CCC Guide
Key Teleport site

@ 0b118e40:4edc09cb

The idea of Bitcoin as an internet native currency, and eventually a global one, is coming to life slowly. But historically, the idea of global currency has haunted the world’s financial imagination for nearly a century. 

From Keynes’s Bancor in 1944 to Zhou Xiaochuan’s post-crisis proposal in 2009 to today’s renewed debates, the idea resurfaces every time the global economy fractures. 

Could this time be different with Bitcoin? 

I decided to trace the idea of global currency through several decades and books. I may have missed some parts, so feel free to add. I’ll keep this brief and leave the books I’ve read below.

In the beginning

It all started on July 1, 1944. 730 delegates from 44 Allied nations, including major powers like the US, UK, Soviet Union, China, and France, gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. They spent 2 weeks figuring out how the new international monetary and financial system would be, post WW2

After WW1, the treaty of Versailles was needed, but imposed harsh reparations that devastated economies and contributed to the rise of fascism, such as Hitler, Mussolini and gang. 

So when folks met up in 1944 (WW2 was almost ending), the goal was to prevent another Great Depression, another global conflict and build a stable global economic order. 

2 main proposals were discussed in Bretton Woods. 

1. John Maynard Keynes, representing the UK, proposed the creation of a global currency called Bancor. It will be issued through a global central bank known as the International Clearing Union (ICU).

2. Harry Dexter White, representing the US, promoted a dollar-based system. Countries would peg their currencies to the US. dollar backed by gold. He also led the creation of the IMF and the World Bank.

To understand how both of these proposals work, let's look at an example.

• Country A (Germany): Massive exporter

• Country B (USA): Massive importer

• Country C (Brazil): Balanced trade (imports = exports)

***Based on Dexter’s model and the current USD-based system, ***

Say Germany sells $1B worth of cars to the US. The US  pays in dollars, increasing its trade deficit. Germany accumulates dollars as reserves or buys the US Treasury bonds. Over time, the US continues running trade deficits, while Germany keeps hoarding dollars. Hence the  unsustainable debt of the US. 

***In Keynes’s Bancor system, ***

If Germany sells $1B worth of cars to the US, then the US does not pay in dollars. Instead, the ICU credits Germany with 1B Bancors and debits the US with -1B Bancors. 

The ICU police this. If Germany exceeds the surplus threshold, it pays interest or penalties to discourage hoarding. If the US exceeds its deficit threshold, it is warned to rebalance trade or face restrictions.

Here, Germany is incentivized to import more (e.g., from Brazil) or invest in global development. The US is encouraged to export more or reduce consumption. Brazil, with balanced trade, enjoys stability in Bancor flows and avoids pressure.

The idea behind Bancor was a zero-sum balancing act. No country could become “too big to fail” due to excessive deficits. But it was too complicated and idealistic in assuming every country could maintain balanced trade. 

Dexter on the other hand had a few tricks up his sleeve. In the end, Dexter’s USD dominance proposal was adopted. 

The Bretton Woods system established the US dollar as the central global currency 

Why did dollar dominance win over Bancor?

Simplicity often wins over complexity. But more so ICU felt too centralized, asking nations to surrender economic autonomy to a global body. That didn’t sit well in a post-war world where sovereignty was non-negotiable. That and idealist economic trade balance views. 

Dexter’s dollar-based system on the other hand wasn’t fair play at all. It was centralized and authoritarian in its design. 

So how did Dexter pull it off?

They had gold. They were ahead in economic recovery.

And they had nuclear weapons. 

At the time, the US held nearly 2/3 of the world’s gold reserves. It was a significant advantage in advocating for a gold-backed dollar as the bedrock of global trade. 

The US proposed a fixed gold peg at $35 per ounce.

From a broader geopolitical backdrop, the global population in 1944 was about 2.3 billion, a fraction of today’s 8 billion. The world was far less interconnected. The war had devastated Europe, Russia, and much of Asia. Infrastructure, economies, and entire cities were in ruins. The US, by contrast, had faced far fewer casualties and damages. Being geographically isolated, it had minimal domestic losses, around a tenth of what Europe suffered, and its economy was poised to rebuild faster. 

But gold dominance and economic recovery alone didn’t secure US financial dominance.

American scientific breakthroughs had already signaled global power. Physicists like Leo Szilard and Albert Einstein, who had fled Europe, helped develop nuclear weapons. Their intent was deterrence, not destruction. But once the bomb existed, it changed geopolitics overnight. The US had military dominance. And after Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, it became the undisputed superpower. 

In the end, the USD won and the vision for neutral global currency faded. 

And 20 years passed on…

France sends its warship to the US

Under Bretton Woods, countries could exchange dollars for gold, but the US had been printing more dollars than it had gold to back it. And it used it to fund the costly Vietnam War and domestic programs like the Great Society under LBJ. 

Belgian-American economist Robert Triffin pointed out a fatal flaw in the Bretton Woods system that came to be known as the Triffin dilemma. 

• The world needed US dollars for liquidity and trade.

• But the more dollars the US pumped out, the less credible its gold promise became.

Yet the US kept promising that every dollar was still convertible to gold at $35 per ounce.

French President Charles de Gaulle saw this as financial imperialism. He called it the  “exorbitant privileged position”. The world had to pay for what they bought with the money they have, but not the US. 

So in 1965, France did something unexpected. It sent a warship to New York Harbor to physically retrieve French gold reserves held by the Federal Reserve. 

Would it have escalated to war? Maybe. But likely not. It was perhaps more of a diplomatic theatre and a sovereign flex. France was exercising its right under the Bretton Woods agreement to convert dollars into gold. But doing it with military formality was to send a signal to the world that they don’t trust the US system anymore.

It was one of the first major public blows to the dollar’s credibility. And France wasn’t alone. Other countries like West Germany and Switzerland followed suit, redeeming dollars for gold and draining US reserves.

The Nixon shock

Given they did not have enough gold, the IMF introduced Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) in 1969. SDRs were an international reserve asset, created to supplement gold and dollar reserves. Instead of relying solely on the US dollar, SDRs were based on a basket of major currencies (originally gold-backed but later diversified).

The idea was to reduce the world’s dependence on the dollar and avoid a liquidity crisis. But SDRs were a little too late and a little too weak to solve the underlying problem.

By 1971, the US could no longer sustain the illusion. President Nixon “closed the gold window,” suspending dollar convertibility to gold. 

The Bretton Woods collapsed and this marked the beginning of fiat money dominance.

The French pursuit

While France demanded justice in one corner of the world, the French franc, specifically the CFA franc, has been dominant in parts of Africa since 1945, long before 1971.

After WWII, France created two CFA franc zones:

• West Africa: Communauté Financière Africaine (XOF)

• Central Africa: Coopération Financière en Afrique Centrale (XAF)

These zones included 14 African countries, many of which were former French colonies. France maintained monetary control via currency convertibility guarantees and representation in African central banks. Till today it has influence over these country’s monetary policy.

Colonisation hasn't ended in some parts of the world. 

Did countries stop using the USD after the Nixon shock 1971?

Nope. The US dollar was no longer convertible to gold and it dismantled the fixed exchange rate system. But most countries did not stop using the USD as their dominant reserve or trade currency. There were no decent alternatives. Instead, they floated their currencies or maintained a soft peg to the dollar or a basket of currencies. 

The USD remained dominant in oil trade (OPEC priced oil in USD) - petrodollar deal, global debt markets and FX reserves (central banks kept holding USD). 

In 1997, when many Southeast Asian countries were still pegged to the USD, Soros claimed that SEA will tank. The US further increased its credit rates leading to capital flight and eventual tanking of these countries leading to Asian Financial Crisis '97. Many financial crisis has similar vibe.

The 1999 Euro launch

The idea of a shared currency appeared again, this time through the forms of Euro. It was a mandatory system for member states of the Eurozone, and came with centralized authority, the European Central Bank (ECB), which controlled monetary policy for all participating nations.

At first glance, the euro seemed like a win. It eliminated exchange rate fluctuations, making trade within the Eurozone smoother. It gave weaker economies access to lower borrowing costs and helped Europe establish itself as a financial heavyweight. Today, the euro is the second most-used reserve currency after the US dollar.

But it came at a cost. Countries that adopted the euro lost monetary sovereignty and could no longer print their own money or adjust interest rates to respond to local crises. This became painfully clear during Greece’s debt crisis, where strict monetary policies prevented the country from devaluing its currency to recover. The one-size-fits-all approach meant that economies as different as Germany and Greece had to follow the same rules, often to the detriment of weaker nations. Debt-ridden countries like Italy and Spain were forced into harsh austerity measures because they could not manipulate their currency to ease financial strain. Meanwhile, richer nations like Germany and the Netherlands felt they were unfairly propping up struggling economies, creating political tension across the EU.

In recent years, the euro has faced pressure from global trade tensions, monetary tightening, and geopolitical instability contributing to market volatility and periodic depreciation against other major currencies.

The Bretton Woods 2.0

Believe it or not, after all that, there was a call for Bretton Woods 2.0. Yet another global currency dream.

When the housing market collapsed in 2008 followed by a series of domino effects, global banks froze lending, economies contracted, and panic set in. The crisis exposed how fragile the international financial system had become as it was overly reliant on debt, under-regulated, and centered around the US dollar.

Many countries, especially in the Global South and emerging markets, started to question whether a system built around a single national currency was sustainable. 

China, for instance, had been holding huge amounts of US debt while the US printed more dollars through bailouts and quantitative easing. This created global imbalances as exporting nations were lending money to the US to keep the system running, while taking on the risk of dollar depreciation. 

In 2009, China’s central bank openly proposed replacing the US dollar with a neutral global reserve currency suggesting SDRs (Special Drawing Rights) issued by the IMF instead.

These concerns led to a wave of calls from world leaders for a “Bretton Woods 2.0” ,  a modern rethinking of the post-WWII economic order. At G20 summits in London in 2009, countries like France, China, and Russia pushed for reforms in global financial institutions and more balanced power sharing. 

In the end, the IMF received more funding, and some banking regulations were tightened in the years after. But no real overhaul happened. No surprise there? The dollar remained dominant. 

The foundation of the global economy didn’t change, even though trust in it had been deeply shaken.

The growth of BRICS

In 2023, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa began discussing the idea of a shared currency or alternative mechanism to reduce the dependence on USD ie de-dollarisation. The sanctions on Russia didn't help. After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the US and its allies froze Russia’s dollar reserves and cut it off from SWIFT, the “backbone of global banking communication”. This made one thing clear. If you fall out with Washington, your access to the global economy can vanish overnight.

China’s growing economic power also gave it more leverage to process alternative options. It would trade in Yuan with Russia and Iran.

I know many still say it's at its early stage, but I see many countries hedging their bets quietly and aligning with Putin and Xi. It became more obvious after US imposed tariffs on multiple nations, signaling that economic tools can double as political weapons. The world’s second financial system is slowly forming.

What is the world looking for, for the last century ?

From Bretton Woods to multiple financial crises, from the birth of the Euro to the rise of BRICS, through war and peace, we’ve been circling around the same ideal. A global currency that is :

1. Simple 

2. Free from dominant power 

3. Decentralised

4. Borderless

5. Scarce 

6. Transparent 

7. Inclusive, with self custody

8. Resilient in crisis 

9. Built for individual financial sovereignty

10. A new backbone for global finance, owned by no one

It doesn’t matter where you’re from, what politics you believe in, or how your economy leans. The answer keeps pointing in the same direction:

Bitcoin

This is the first true global currency.

And it’s just there 

Waiting...

.

.

.

---

Some books that might interest you :

1. The Battle of Bretton Woods by Benn Steil

2. Goodbye, Great Britain by Kathleen Burk and Alec Cairncross

3. The Ghost of Bancor by Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa

4. Confessions of an Economic Hitman by John Perkins

5. The Blood Bankers by James S. Henry

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

In the early days of computer vision, when memory was scarce and every byte counted, innovation thrived under constraint. “An Efficient Chain-Linking Algorithm,” developed at Inria in the late 1980s, is a brilliant example of this spirit. Now preserved and shared by Software Heritage, this compact yet powerful piece of C code showcases how elegance and efficiency went hand in hand in outlining the future of image processing—one pixel chain at a time.

The code resulted from research work carried out between 1985 and 1991 at Inria, by Gérard Giraudon (research and principal investigator), Philippe Garnesson (a PhD student), and Patrick Cipière (software engineer). Down in sunny Sophia Antipolis, a tech park 20 minutes inland from Antibes, the team tackled computer vision with a distinctly local flavor. They called themselves PASTIS, a playful nod to the anise drink. Still, the acronym – Scene Analysis and Symbolic Image Processing Project (Projet d’Analyse de Scène et de Traitement d’Image Symbolique) – hinted at their serious mission.

Continue reading at https://www.softwareheritage.org/2025/06/04/history_computer_vision/

https://stacker.news/items/999507

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

President Trump’s Truth Social Files S-1 Form For Bitcoin ETF

Today, Trump Media and Technology Group Corp. (Nasdaq, NYSE Texas: DJT) filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) a Form S-1 for their upcoming Truth Social Bitcoin ETF.

The ETF, which will hold bitcoin directly, is designed to track the bitcoin’s price performance. 

“Truth Social Bitcoin ETF, B.T. is a Nevada business trust that issues beneficial interests in its net assets,” stated the Form S-1. “The assets of the Trust consist primarily of bitcoin held by a custodian on behalf of the Trust. The Trust seeks to reflect generally the performance of the price of bitcoin.”

The ETF is sponsored by Yorkville America Digital, LLC and will trade under NYSE Arca. The Trust’s assets primarily consist of bitcoin held by Foris DAX Trust Company, LLC, the designated bitcoin custodian. Crypto.com will act as the ETF’s prime execution agent and liquidity provider.

“Shares will be offered to the public from time to time at varying prices that will reflect the price of bitcoin and the trading price of the Shares on New York Stock Exchange Arca, Inc. at the time of the offer,” mentioned the Form S-1.

While the ETF offers investors a regulated avenue for bitcoin exposure, the Trust warned of several risks related to digital assets:

• Loss, theft, or compromise of private keys could result in permanent loss of bitcoin.
• Bitcoin’s reliance on blockchain and Internet technologies makes it vulnerable to disruptions and cyber threats.
• Environmental and regulatory pressures tied to high electricity use in bitcoin mining could impact market stability.
• Potential forks or protocol failures in the Bitcoin Network may lead to volatility and uncertainty in asset value.

Last week, during an interview at the 2025 Bitcoin Conference, Donald Trump Jr. announced that TMTG and Truth Social were forming a Bitcoin treasury with $2.5 billion. “We’re seriously on crypto—we’re seriously on Bitcoin,” said Trump Jr. “We’re in three major deals. I believe we’re at the beginning of what will be the future of finance. And the opportunity is massive.”

The day after that interview, Eric Trump and Donald Trump Jr., joined by American Bitcoin Executive Chairman and Board Member Mike Ho, CEO Matt Prusak, and Altcoin Daily founder Aaron Arnold, discussed the future of Bitcoin.

“The whole system is broken and now all of the sudden you have crypto which solves all the problems,” commented Eric Trump. “It makes everything cheaper, it makes everything faster, it makes it safer, it makes it more transparent. It makes the whole system more functional.“

“Everybody wants Bitcoin. Everybody is buying Bitcoin,” Eric added.

This post President Trump’s Truth Social Files S-1 Form For Bitcoin ETF first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ 374ee93a:36623347

Chef's notes

Start your day the self sovereign way

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 10 mins
• 🍳 Cook time: 15 mins
• 🍽️ Servings: 4

Ingredients

• 1lb Jar Bottled Rhubarb https://jimblesjumble.netlify.app/item/a0c35618722834ac714d0a47058a2adc76ee7485a6b74f5da5f9eb2d3fb5d879
• 1pt Homemade Custard (3/4pt cream, 3 large eggs, 100g honey, 1/2 tbspn vanilla extract)
• 4 Handfuls Granola
• 1 Node https://plebeian.market/products/huxley@nostrplebs.com/start-9-node-y22zfjp8x6

Directions

1. Whisk together the cream, eggs, honey and vanilla
2. Chill overnight or serve warm with 1/4 jar of stewed rhubarb and a large handful of granola per person
3. Consolidate some UTXOs on your node
4. Have a Good Morning

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• RoboSats v0.7.7-alpha is now available!

NOTE: "This version of clients is not compatible with older versions of coordinators. Coordinators must upgrade first, make sure you don't upgrade your client while this is marked as pre-release."

• This version brings a new and improved coordinators view with reviews signed both by the robot and the coordinator, adds market price sources in coordinator profiles, shows a correct warning for canceling non-taken orders after a payment attempt, adds Uzbek sum currency, and includes package library updates for coordinators.

Source: RoboSats.

• siggy47 is writing daily RoboSats activity reviews on stacker.news. Check them out here.
• Stay up-to-date with RoboSats on Nostr.

What's new

• New coordinators view (see the picture above).
• Available coordinator reviews signed by both the robot and the coordinator.
• Coordinators now display market price sources in their profiles.

Source: RoboSats.

• Fix for wrong message on cancel button when taking an order. Users are now warned if they try to cancel a non taken order after a payment attempt.
• Uzbek sum currency now available.
• For coordinators: library updates.
• Add docker frontend (#1861).
• Add order review token (#1869).
• Add UZS migration (#1875).
• Fixed tests review (#1878).
• Nostr pubkey for Robot (#1887).

New contributors

• @hexlorn made their first contribution in #1858.
• @umk0m1qk made their first contribution in #1864.

Full Changelog: v0.7.6-alpha...v0.7.7-alpha

GitHub Repo

@ c9badfea:610f861a

1. Install Food You (it's free and open source)
2. Launch the app and tap the ⚙️ icon
3. Tap Meals and set up your meal schedule (these items will appear on the main screen)
4. Go back and then tap Calorie Goal to configure your daily intake goal
5. Return to the main screen
6. Now you can tap + on a card (e.g. Breakfast) to add a meal
7. Tap + and select Product
8. You can now fill in the details manually
   • Or tap Download Product, paste the URL of the product from OpenFoodFacts (e.g. https://world.openfoodfacts.org/product/6111242101180/lait-entier-uht-jaouda), and then tap Download
9. Tap Create
10. You can now adjust intake details like servings
11. Tap Save
12. Add more products and recipes and start tracking your nutrition!

ℹ️ Once you have created enough products, you can tap + on a meal card on the main screen, then tap + and select Recipe to create recipes from products

ℹ️ Internet connection is only used to optionally fetch product details via URLs; otherwise, the app works completely offline

@ df67f9a7:2d4fc200

Nostr is NOT a social network. Nostr is a network of interconnected social apps. And, since any app is a social app, Nostr is for every app.

---

ONLY Nostr incentivizes inter-connectivity between independent apps, simply by respecting sovereignty at the protocol layer. For end users, sovereignty means that the content they post “to Nostr” will never be owned by the apps that they use. For businesses building apps on Nostr, sovereignty means that every app actually benefits by other apps being on the network. Because sovereignty is respected, users are retained for longer and independent apps thrive far longer on Nostr than on the legacy “black box” social networks.

Social apps thrive on Nostr

Nostr integration provides these benefits for every app :

• Unrestrained access for any app, to all public and private data “on Nostr”. No fees or licenses for harvesting user data from the network.
• Unburdened from liability, when collecting user data with any app. When sending “to Nostr”, end users retain custody of user data while apps never loose access.
• Unlimited free market of search engines and feed algos. Users and brands can create, use, and share any algos or custom feeds. Grow your audience on your own terms.
• Universal open network for all apps. Build any kind of app for any audience, on the same network as other apps for other audiences. Discover new trends from user data.
• Unregulated tech platform. Build your own app and use it as you wish. No gate keepers. No code review. 

Sovereignty is good for business.

Regardless of the network size, a Nostr integrated app can grow its user base MUCH faster and with greater independence BECAUSE of the sovereignty respecting protocol. While end users may retain custody of their identities and data on the network, it’s the apps that determine which data is, or is not, sent to the network. Respect for sovereignty IS the killer feature that ONLY the Nostr protocol provides for apps and for end users.

Because Nostr is permissionless for any app to integrate :

• end users will always have a free market of apps choose from
• apps are free to integrate only as much as benefits their business model.
• apps gain access to more novel data as new apps bring new users to the network.

Because data on Nostr is managed by end users and available to all apps :

• User data looses exclusivity and the demand shifts toward novel insights and information derived from these data.
• Apps are freed from having to be “data pirates”, and can focus on establishing a trusted user base, providing valuable services to satisfied customers, informed by the abundance of user data.
• Apps are incentivized to offload data onto the network, establishing a new paradigm for interconnectivity, where independence is NOT at stake as the network grows.
• New markets spring up to support users with self custody of their data, driven by the reality that apps can have full access without assuming responsibility.
• The market for search and algo tools opens up for independent apps and end users to discover and interact freely with each other.
• The ad based “attention economy” slowly transforms to a value based consumer economy, where the end user is the customer rather than the product being sold.

Even while privacy is respected

Sometimes sovereignty is at odds with privacy, but Nostr allows all parties to win while both are protected.

• For end users sending sensetive data "to Nostr", privacy is assured by encrypting it with their own private keys and/or sending it to private (auth required) relays of their choosing.
• For apps handling private IP or business data, any traditional “black box” infrastructure can be used in the back end to manitain isolation from Nostr.

This means apps and end users remain in control of their own private data, without requiring “big social” as trust provider or data reseller. To access a user's private data, client apps (even search engines, running locally) only need explicit permission from the end user to retrieve or decrypt from Nostr relays. Public data, on the other hand, is freely available for any app or search engine to harvest from any Nostr relay. In either case, user data on the Nostr network is always accessible to client apps, without additional restrictions or fees.

Nostr is for every app.

Adding social to any app makes it a better app. Add reviews for products or services. Add commenting or direct messaging. Share or collaborate on content creation. Nostr integration is straightforward and incremental for any app.

Nostr doesn't define your app's business model ... Nostr 10X's it!

Here's how :

1. Start with your own business and app design. Add Nosrr login.
2. Discover what "kinds" of user data already exists "on Nostr" that your app can ingest and make use of.
3. Decide which "kinds" of data would benefit your business, your users, and the network, if sent "to Nostr".
4. Implement Nostr integration for data kinds and add webs of trust tools for recommendation and discovery.
5. Verify your app is sovereignty respecting in how it handles private data and implements Nostr NIPs.
6. Engage with existing users, and onboard new users from your app, to earn their trust and patronage over Nostr.

For more info and assistance, contact our team of Nostr integration experts.

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

This update brings key enhancements for clarity and usability:

• Recent Blocks View: Added to the Send tab and inspired by Mempool's visualization, it displays the last 2 blocks and the estimated next block to help choose fee rates.
• Camera System Overhaul: Features a new library for higher resolution detection and mouse-scroll zoom support when available.
• Vector-Based Images: All app images are now vectorized and theme-aware, enhancing contrast, especially in dark mode.
• Tor & P2A Updates: Upgraded internal Tor and improved support for pay-to-anchor (P2A) outputs.
• Linux Package Rename: For Linux users, Sparrow has been renamed to sparrowwallet (or sparrowserver); in some cases, the original sparrow package may need manual removal.
• Additional updates include showing total payments in multi-payment transaction diagrams, better handling of long labels, and other UI enhancements.

• Sparrow v2.2.1 is a bug fix release that addresses missing UUID issue when starting Tor on recent macOS versions, icons for external sources in Settings and Recent Blocks view, repackaged .deb installs to use older gzip instead of zstd compression, and removed display of median fee rate where fee rates source is set to Server.

Learn how to get started with Sparrow wallet:

Release notes (v2.2.0)

• Added Recent Blocks view to Send tab.
• Converted all bitmapped images to theme aware SVG format for all wallet models and dialogs.
• Support send and display of pay to anchor (P2A) outputs.
• Renamed sparrow package to sparrowwallet and sparrowserver on Linux.
• Switched camera library to openpnp-capture.
• Support FHD (1920 x 1080) and UHD4k (3840 x 2160) capture resolutions.
• Support camera zoom with mouse scroll where possible.
• In the Download Verifier, prefer verifying the dropped file over the default file where the file is not in the manifest.
• Show a warning (with an option to disable the check) when importing a wallet with a derivation path matching another script type.
• In Cormorant, avoid calling the listwalletdir RPC on initialization due to a potentially slow response on Windows.
• Avoid server address resolution for public servers.
• Assume server address is non local for resolution failures where a proxy is configured.
• Added a tooltip to indicate truncated labels in table cells.
• Dynamically truncate input and output labels in the tree on a transaction tab, and add tooltips if necessary.
• Improved tooltips for wallet tabs and transaction diagrams with long labels.
• Show the address where available on input and output tooltips in transaction tab tree.
• Show the total amount sent in payments in the transaction diagram when constructing multiple payment transactions.
• Reset preferred table column widths on adjustment to improve handling after window resizing.
• Added accessible text to improve screen reader navigation on seed entry.
• Made Wallet Summary table grow horizontally with dialog sizing.
• Reduced tooltip show delay to 200ms.
• Show transaction diagram fee percentage as less than 0.01% rather than 0.00%.
• Optimized and reduced Electrum server RPC calls.
• Upgraded Bouncy Castle, PGPainless and Logback libraries.
• Upgraded internal Tor to v0.4.8.16.
• Bug fix: Fixed issue with random ordering of keystore origins on labels import.
• Bug fix: Fixed non-zero account script type detection when signing a message on Trezor devices.
• Bug fix: Fixed issue parsing remote Coldcard xpub encoded on a different network.
• Bug fix: Fixed inclusion of fees on wallet label exports.
• Bug fix: Increase Trezor device libusb timeout.

Linux users: Note that the sparrow package has been renamed to sparrowwallet or sparrowserver, and in some cases you may need to manually uninstall the original sparrow package. Look in the /opt folder to ensure you have the new name, and the original is removed.

What's new in v2.2.1

• Updated Tor library to fix missing UUID issue when starting Tor on recent macOS versions.
• Repackaged .deb installs to use older gzip instead of zstd compression.
• Removed display of median fee rate where fee rates source is set to Server.
• Added icons for external sources in Settings and Recent Blocks view
• Bug fix: Fixed issue in Recent Blocks view when switching fee rates source
• Bug fix: Fixed NPE on null fee returned from server

Announcement / Archive
GitHub Repo

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

• This version introduces the Soroban P2P network, enabling Dojo to relay transactions to the Bitcoin network and share others' transactions to break the heuristic linking relaying nodes to transaction creators.

• Additionally, Dojo admins can now manage API keys in DMT with labels, status, and expiration, ideal for community Dojo providers like Dojobay. New API endpoints, including "/services" exposing Explorer, Soroban, and Indexer, have been added to aid wallet developers.
• Other maintenance updates include Bitcoin Core, Tor, Fulcrum, Node.js, plus an updated ban-knots script to disconnect inbound Knots nodes.

"I want to thank all the contributors. This again shows the power of true Free Software. I also want to thank everyone who donated to help Dojo development going. I truly appreciate it," said Still Dojo Coder.

What's new

• Soroban P2P network. For MyDojo (Docker setup) users, Soroban will be automatically installed as part of their Dojo. This integration allows Dojo to utilize the Soroban P2P network for various upcoming features and applications.
• PandoTx. PandoTx serves as a transaction transport layer. When your wallet sends a transaction to Dojo, it is relayed to a random Soroban node, which then forwards it to the Bitcoin network. It also enables your Soroban node to receive and relay transactions from others to the Bitcoin network and is designed to disrupt the assumption that a node relaying a transaction is closely linked to the person who initiated it.
  • Pushing transactions through Soroban can be deactivated by setting NODE_PANDOTX_PUSH=off in docker-node.conf.
  • Processing incoming transactions from Soroban network can be deactivated by setting NODE_PANDOTX_PROCESS=off in docker-node.conf.
• API key management has been introduced to address the growing number of people offering their Dojos to the community. Dojo admins can now access a new API management tab in their DMT, where they can create unlimited API keys, assign labels for easy identification, and set expiration dates for each key. This allows admins to avoid sharing their main API key and instead distribute specific keys to selected parties.
• New API endpoints. Several new API endpoints have been added to help API consumers develop features on Dojo more efficiently:
  • New:
    • /latest-block - returns data about latest block
    • /txout/:txid/:index - returns unspent output data
    • /support/services - returns info about services that Dojo exposes
  • Updated:
    • /tx/:txid - endpoint has been updated to return raw transaction with parameter ?rawHex=1
  • The new /support/services endpoint replaces the deprecated explorer field in the Dojo pairing payload. Although still present, API consumers should use this endpoint for explorer and other pairing data.

Other changes

• Updated ban script to disconnect inbound Knots nodes.
• Updated Fulcrum to v1.12.0.
• Regenerate Fulcrum certificate if expired.
• Check if transaction already exists in pushTx.
• Bump BTC-RPC Explorer.
• Bump Tor to v0.4.8.16, bump Snowflake.
• Updated Bitcoin Core to v29.0.
• Removed unnecessary middleware.
• Fixed DB update mechanism, added api_keys table.
• Add an option to use blocksdir config for bitcoin blocks directory.
• Removed deprecated configuration.
• Updated Node.js dependencies.
• Reconfigured container dependencies.
• Fix Snowflake git URL.
• Fix log path for testnet4.
• Use prebuilt addrindexrs binaries.
• Add instructions to migrate blockchain/fulcrum.
• Added pull policies.

#FREESAMOURAI

Learn how to set up and use your own Bitcoin privacy node with Dojo here.

Announcement / Archive
GitHub Repo

@ ac8bb9b0:70278acc

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 15 min
• 🍳 Cook time: 20 min
• 🍽️ Servings: 12

Ingredients

• 1 and 1/2 cups (345g) mashed bananas (about 4 medium or 3 large ripe bananas)
• 1/3 cup (113g) honey
• 1 large egg
• 1/4 cup (56g) coconut oil, melted
• 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
• 1 cup (130g) whole wheat flour
• 1/2 cup (41g) natural unsweetened cocoa powder
• 1 teaspoon baking powder
• 1 teaspoon baking soda
• 1/2 teaspoon salt
• 1 cup (180g) semi-sweet or dark chocolate chips

Directions

1. Preheat oven to 425°F (218°C). Spray a 12-count muffin pan with nonstick spray or line with cupcake liners. Set aside.
2. In a medium bowl, mash the bananas up using a fork.* Try to mash up any large lumps. Once mashed, whisk in the honey, egg, coconut oil, and vanilla extract until combined. Set aside.
3. In a large bowl, whisk the flour, cocoa powder, baking powder, baking soda, and salt together. Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and whisk until everything is combined. Fold in the chocolate chips, reserving some for the tops of the warm muffins.
4. Spoon the batter evenly into each cup or liner, filling each all the way to the top.
5. Bake for 5 minutes at 425°F (218°C); then, keeping the muffins in the oven, reduce heat to 350°F (177°C) and continue baking for another 15–17 minutes or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. The total time these muffins take in the oven is about 20–21 minutes, give or take. (For mini muffins, bake 11–13 minutes at 350°F (177°C) the whole time.)
6. Press any remaining chocolate chips into the tops of the warm muffins. Allow the muffins to cool for 5 minutes in the muffin pan, and then transfer to a wire rack to continue cooling, or enjoy warm.
7. Muffins stay fresh covered at room temperature for a few days, then transfer to the refrigerator for up to 1 week.

@ 8bad92c3:ca714aa5

Key Takeaways

Michael Goldstein, aka Bitstein, presents a sweeping philosophical and economic case for going “all in” on Bitcoin, arguing that unlike fiat, which distorts capital formation and fuels short-term thinking, Bitcoin fosters low time preference, meaningful saving, and long-term societal flourishing. At the heart of his thesis is “hodling for good”—a triple-layered idea encompassing permanence, purpose, and the pursuit of higher values like truth, beauty, and legacy. Drawing on thinkers like Aristotle, Hoppe, and Josef Pieper, Goldstein redefines leisure as contemplation, a vital practice in aligning capital with one’s deepest ideals. He urges Bitcoiners to think beyond mere wealth accumulation and consider how their sats can fund enduring institutions, art, and architecture that reflect a moral vision of the future.

Best Quotes

“Let BlackRock buy the houses, and you keep the sats.”

“We're not hodling just for the sake of hodling. There is a purpose to it.”

“Fiat money shortens your time horizon… you can never rest.”

“Savings precedes capital accumulation. You can’t build unless you’ve saved.”

“You're increasing the marginal value of everyone else’s Bitcoin.”

“True leisure is contemplation—the pursuit of the highest good.”

“What is Bitcoin for if not to make the conditions for magnificent acts of creation possible?”

“Bitcoin itself will last forever. Your stack might not. What will outlast your coins?”

“Only a whale can be magnificent.”

“The market will sell you all the crack you want. It’s up to you to demand beauty.”

Conclusion

This episode is a call to reimagine Bitcoin as more than a financial revolution—it’s a blueprint for civilizational renewal. Michael Goldstein reframes hodling as an act of moral stewardship, urging Bitcoiners to lower their time preference, build lasting institutions, and pursue truth, beauty, and legacy—not to escape the world, but to rebuild it on sound foundations.

Timestamps

00:00 - Intro
00:50 - Michael’s BBB presentation Hodl for Good
07:27 - Austrian principles on capital
15:40 - Fiat distorts the economic process
23:34 - Bitkey
24:29 - Hodl for Good triple entendre
29:52 - Bitcoin benefits everyone
39:05 - Unchained
40:14 - Leisure theory of value
52:15 - Heightening life
1:15:48 - Breaking from the chase makes room for magnificence
1:32:32 - Nakamoto Institute’s mission

Transcript

(00:00) Fiat money is by its nature a disturbance. If money is being continually produced, especially at an uncertain rate, these uh policies are really just redistribution of wealth. Most are looking for number to go up post hyper bitcoinization. The rate of growth of bitcoin would be more reflective of the growth of the economy as a whole.
(00:23) Ultimately, capital requires knowledge because it requires knowing there is something that you can add to the structures of production to lengthen it in some way that will take time but allow you to have more in the future than you would today. Let Black Rockck buy the houses and you keep the sats, not the other way around.
(00:41) You wait until later for Larry Frink to try to sell you a [Music] mansion. And we're live just like that. Just like that. 3:30 on a Friday, Memorial Day weekend. It's a good good good way to end the week and start the holiday weekend. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Thank you for having me here. Thank you for coming. I wore this hat specifically because I think it's I think it's very apppropo uh to the conversation we're going to have which is I hope an extension of the presentation you gave at Bitblock Boom Huddle for good. You were working on
(01:24) that for many weeks leading up to uh the conference and explaining how you were structuring it. I think it's a very important topic to discuss now as the Bitcoin price is hitting new all-time highs and people are trying to understand what am I doing with Bitcoin? Like you have you have the different sort of factions within Bitcoin.
(01:47) Uh get on a Bitcoin standard, get on zero, spend as much Bitcoin as possible. You have the sailors of the world are saying buy Bitcoin, never sell, die with your Bitcoin. And I think you do a really good job in that presentation. And I just think your understanding overall of Bitcoin is incredible to put everything into context. It's not either or.
(02:07) It really depends on what you want to accomplish. Yeah, it's definitely there there is no actual one-sizefits-all um for I mean nearly anything in this world. So um yeah, I mean first of all I mean there was it was the first conference talk I had given in maybe five years. I think the one prior to that uh was um bit block boom 2019 which was my meme talk which uh has uh become infamous and notorious.
(02:43) So uh there was also a lot of like high expectations uh you know rockstar dev uh has has treated that you know uh that that talk with a lot of reference. a lot of people have enjoyed it and he was expecting this one to be, you know, the greatest one ever, which is a little bit of a little bit of a uh a burden to live up to those kinds of standards.
(03:08) Um, but you know, because I don't give a lot of talks. Um, you know, I I I like to uh try to bring ideas that might even be ideas that are common. So, something like hodling, we all talk about it constantly. uh but try to bring it from a little bit of a different angle and try to give um a little bit of uh new light to it.
(03:31) I alsove I've I've always enjoyed kind of coming at things from a third angle. Um whenever there's, you know, there's there's all these little debates that we have in in Bitcoin and sometimes it's nice to try to uh step out of it and look at it a little more uh kind of objectively and find ways of understanding it that incorporate the truths of of all of them.
(03:58) uh you know cuz I think we should always be kind of as much as possible after ultimate truth. Um so with this one um yeah I was kind of finding that that sort of golden mean. So uh um yeah and I actually I think about that a lot is uh you know Aristotle has his his concept of the golden mean. So it's like any any virtue is sort of between two vices um because you can you can always you can always take something too far.
(04:27) So you're you're always trying to find that right balance. Um so someone who is uh courageous you know uh one of the vices uh on one side is being basically reckless. I I can't remember what word he would use. Uh but effectively being reckless and just wanting to put yourself in danger for no other reason than just you know the thrill of it.
(04:50) Um and then on the other side you would just have cowardice which is like you're unwilling to put yourself um at any risk at any time. Um, and courage is right there in the middle where it's understanding when is the right time uh to put your put yourself, you know, in in the face of danger um and take it on. And so um in some sense this this was kind of me uh in in some ways like I'm obviously a partisan of hodling.
(05:20) Um, I've for, you know, a long time now talked about the, um, why huddling is good, why people do it, why we should expect it. Um, but still trying to find that that sort of golden mean of like yes, huddle, but also what are we hodling for? And it's not we're we're not hodddling just merely for the sake of hodddling.
(05:45) There there is a a purpose to it. And we should think about that. And that would also help us think more about um what are the benefits of of spending, when should we spend, why should we spend, what should we spend on um to actually give light to that sort of side of the debate. Um so that was that was what I was kind of trying to trying to get into.
(06:09) Um, as well as also just uh at the same time despite all the talk of hodling, there's always this perennial uh there's always this perennial dislike of hodlers because we're treated as uh as if um we're just free riding the network or we're just greedy or you know any of these things. And I wanted to show how uh huddling does serve a real economic purpose.
(06:36) Um, and it does benefit the individual, but it also does uh it it has actual real social um benefits as well beyond merely the individual. Um, so I wanted to give that sort of defense of hodling as well to look at it from um a a broader position than just merely I'm trying to get rich. Um uh because even the person who uh that is all they want to do um just like you know your your pure number grow up go up moonboy even that behavior has positive ramifications on on the economy.
(07:14) And while we might look at them and have uh judgments about their particular choices for them as an individual, we shouldn't discount that uh their actions are having positive positive effects for the rest of the economy. Yeah. So, let's dive into that just not even in the context of Bitcoin because I think you did a great job of this in the presentation.
(07:36) just you've done a good job of this consistently throughout the years that I've known you. Just from like a first principles Austrian economics perspective, what is the idea around capital accumulation, low time preference and deployment of that capital like what what like getting getting into like the nitty-gritty and then applying it to Bitcoin? Yeah, it's it's a big question and um in many ways I mean I I even I barely scratched the surface.
(08:05) uh I I can't claim to have read uh all the volumes of Bombber works, you know, capital and interest and and stuff like that. Um but I think there's some some sort of basic concepts that we can look at that we can uh draw a lot out. Um the first uh I guess let's write that. So repeat so like capital time preference. Yeah. Well, I guess getting more broad like why sav

@ 523a8281:fc94329a

The Darkest Hour of the GameFi Market and the Glimmer of Hope Amid the prolonged downturn of the cryptocurrency market, the GameFi sector is undergoing an unprecedented trial. According to CoinGecko data, the total market capitalization of the GameFi sector shrank by 35% from its peak in the first half of 2024. DappRadar statistics further confirm the industry's decline—numerous projects have struggled to maintain sustainable economic models, leading to severe user attrition. Although the number of daily active users has grown by 18%, this "volume up, price down" phenomenon reflects the market's painful transition from speculation-driven to value-driven development.

Even more alarming is that 93% of projects in the industry have either stagnated or perished, with the average project lifespan lasting a mere four months. Token prices have fallen more than 95% from their historical highs, extinguishing the enthusiasm of countless investors and players. The once-glorious "Play-to-Earn" and "X to Earn" models collapsed after the profit bubbles burst, exposing the fatal flaws of over-reliance on financial speculation while neglecting the essence of gaming.

However, crises often breed opportunities. The GameFi sector has not been crushed by the bear market but has instead started to clarify its future direction amid the turbulence. This deep market adjustment acts as a brutal filter, leaving only those projects that abandon token speculation, focus on player experience, and build sustainable economic systems to stand out during this industry-wide reshuffle.

1. Neo Fantasy: A Game-Changer Breaking the Deadlock Neo Fantasy is not just a blockchain game; it is a gateway to the ACGN metaverse. In the mysterious land of Loren, players become brave adventurers tasked with reclaiming wealth from the forces of darkness. The game seamlessly integrates compelling storylines with cutting-edge blockchain technology, allowing players to immerse themselves in epic adventures while earning significant rewards through diverse gameplay. From the moment players step into the game, they are captivated by its unique charm—whether it's the vividly designed characters or the grand battle scenes, everything reflects Neo Fantasy's relentless pursuit of quality.

Looking back at the development trajectory of the GameFi industry, its collapse was no accident. Many past projects focused entirely on speculative financial incentives, neglecting the refinement of game content and the construction of community ecosystems. Complex and obscure tokenomics and flashy but impractical DeFi concepts attracted attention in the short term but failed to mask the lack of gameplay. Once token rewards diminished, users quickly scattered, leading to the project's rapid decline. This blind pursuit of short-term gains ultimately triggered a full-blown industry crisis, serving as a wake-up call for future projects.

Neo Fantasy has keenly identified these industry pitfalls and introduced a series of innovative measures to break the deadlock:

Enhancing User Experience: The team accurately addressed traditional gamers' aversion to complex blockchain interfaces by developing an independent application that combines the seamless operation of traditional games with the "play-to-earn" features of Web3. New players can easily get started without deep knowledge of blockchain technology. This low-barrier design significantly broadens the user base, attracting many players who were previously deterred by blockchain games.

Community and Market Expansion: Neo Fantasy has demonstrated strong strategic foresight by establishing deep collaborations with renowned platforms like Nextype, quickly amassing a large user base. Moreover, its plan to launch on mainstream app stores such as Google Play and the App Store aims to tap into the billion-user Web2 gaming market. This move will undoubtedly break the barriers of blockchain gaming, allowing more ordinary players to experience Neo Fantasy's unique charm and paving the way for broader growth.

Innovative Gameplay: Sustained innovation in gameplay is key to Neo Fantasy's vitality. The team has abandoned the outdated model of solely relying on token-driven user engagement and continuously introduces new features. PvE dungeons are filled with challenges and surprises, requiring strategic cooperation to overcome; the PvP arena is packed with skilled players, offering intense real-time battles; auto chess combines strategy and luck, making each match unpredictable; and guild tournaments emphasize teamwork, fostering strong bonds among players. Future plans for open-world and virtual-world experiences will further expand the game's boundaries, delivering unprecedented immersive experiences.

Sustainable Tokenomics: The construction of the token economy showcases the team's wisdom and vision. Centered around the ERT token, the system serves as both a governance tool and a utility token. Through a carefully designed economic cycle model, every in-game action—whether upgrading heroes, enhancing equipment, or participating in events—is closely tied to ERT. This design ensures the token's utility while avoiding unsustainable high-yield promises, achieving self-sufficient and healthy economic circulation. Additionally, offering free hero characters to new players lowers the participation barrier, attracting a diverse and loyal community of traditional gamers.

1. Breaking Through the Bear Market: Neo Fantasy's Keys to Success and Industry Insights Under the severe challenges of the bear market, Neo Fantasy's development strategy has pointed the way forward for GameFi projects. Gameplay is the foundation of survival; only with outstanding fun and playability can players truly immerse themselves. A strong community is the cornerstone of development; an active player community not only enhances user retention but also injects continuous vitality into the project. Leveraging mainstream platforms to expand the market is the necessary path to breaking through barriers and achieving large-scale growth. Meanwhile, a sustainable and transparent tokenomics model is the core element to ensure the long-term stability of the project. Continuous innovation is the key to standing out in a fiercely competitive market; only by consistently introducing new features can a project retain players' attention and maintain its competitiveness.

2. Looking Ahead: Concrete Actions to Lead the Next GameFi Revolution While the GameFi sector has suffered significant losses during the bear market, Neo Fantasy's rise offers hope for the industry's recovery. In the future, Neo Fantasy will take a series of practical actions to solidify its strengths and drive industry transformation:

Expanding Community Collaboration and Listening to Players: Neo Fantasy will broaden its community partnerships, working with global gaming forums, blockchain communities, and player groups. By hosting regular online and offline events and conducting surveys, the project will gather feedback on gameplay, economic systems, and social features. These insights will guide targeted improvements to ensure the game aligns with player needs, enhancing satisfaction and loyalty.

Optimizing Game Content for Premium Experiences: Resources will continue to be invested in developing and refining game content. This includes enriching storylines for immersive narratives, fine-tuning PvE dungeon difficulty curves and reward mechanisms, and improving PvP balance and fairness. The development of open-world and virtual-world features will also be accelerated, introducing innovative gameplay and interaction elements to provide players with more opportunities for exploration and creativity.

Strengthening Guild Systems to Promote Ecosystem Prosperity: Neo Fantasy will actively support in-game guild development by offering exclusive benefits and activities such as guild quests and rewards. A guild ranking system will incentivize growth, while cross-game and cross-platform collaborations will encourage interaction among players from different communities, expanding the game's influence and ecosystem.

Expanding the Ecosystem and Exploring New Possibilities: Beyond core gameplay, Neo Fantasy will actively expand its ecosystem. On the technical side, it will accelerate cross-chain compatibility to enable seamless flow of $ERT tokens and game assets across networks, attracting more external resources and users. In content creation, the project will support an ACGN creator program, encouraging community members to produce comics, novels, animations, and other content related to Neo Fantasy, enriching the game's cultural value and building a diverse ecosystem.

By focusing on player experience, community building, and sustainable development, Neo Fantasy has proven that GameFi can thrive even in a bear market. The future belongs to projects that prioritize high-quality gaming content and earn players' trust. Neo Fantasy not only survives but actively positions itself as a leader, driving the next GameFi revolution. For the GameFi industry, abandoning hype and focusing on quality is the key to standing out in a fiercely competitive market. Neo Fantasy is steadfastly walking this path, writing its own legend.

Follow Neo Fantasy on: Twitter: https://x.com/NeoFantasy_Game

Telegram: https://t.me/NeoFantasy2024

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@NeoFantasy2024

Medium: https://medium.com/@neofantasy419

@ 523a8281:fc94329a

As the global financial landscape continues to evolve, the interaction between the cryptocurrency market and traditional financial systems is becoming increasingly intertwined. Crypto payment cards, serving as a critical bridge between the two, are emerging as a new force in the payments sector. According to a report by The Brainy Insights, the global crypto credit card market was valued at $25 billion in 2023 and is projected to surpass $400 billion by 2033, showcasing astonishing growth potential. Behind this rapid development is the relentless effort of payment providers to bridge the gap between crypto and traditional payment methods, striving to meet users' diverse payment needs. Currently, crypto payment card products are springing up like mushrooms after a rain and have already integrated with mainstream payment methods like Google Pay, Apple Pay, and Alipay, greatly enhancing their usability. Products like the Crypto. com Visa Card, Binance Card, Bybit Card, and Bitget Card, mostly launched by major cryptocurrency exchanges, hold significant influence in the market. In terms of technological innovation, some card issuers have even integrated DeFi protocols such as Ethena, Morpho, and USUAL, offering asset appreciation services to users and successfully building a comprehensive financial service ecosystem that extends from payments to wealth management. This further expands the application scope and value of crypto payment cards. Despite the unique advantages of cryptocurrency payments in terms of speed (46% of users choose it), cross-border cost efficiency (37% value low fees), and financial autonomy (32% pursue decentralization), a survey by Bitget Wallet reveals that their actual application scale still lags significantly behind traditional payment systems. The traditional payment market, worth trillions of dollars, covers the vast majority of daily transactions globally, while crypto payments occupy only a small share, mainly concentrated in niche scenarios like cross-border remittances and digital asset transactions. Users' preference for traditional payment methods primarily stems from concerns about trust and security. The security risks of crypto payments (e.g., hacking and fraud) leave users apprehensive, while traditional payments, backed by mature banking systems, legal protections, and dispute resolution mechanisms, significantly reduce transaction risks. Additionally, the price volatility of cryptocurrencies makes them unsuitable as stable transaction mediums, whereas the stability of traditional fiat currencies better aligns with daily consumer needs. Traditional payments also achieve seamless coverage through extensive POS terminals and online integrations, whereas the limited merchant acceptance of crypto payments restricts their practicality. Furthermore, the low operational barriers of traditional payment tools and the habitual usage formed over time, combined with the complexity and technical barriers of crypto wallets, pose challenges to the widespread adoption of crypto payments. Against this market backdrop, the VooPay digital asset card stands out, showcasing core advantages such as multi-chain technology integration, global compliance frameworks, and real-time payment innovations, redefining the crypto payment experience: 1. Breaking Efficiency Barriers with Multi-Chain Interoperability and Real-Time Payment Technology The VooPay digital asset card supports major cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, USDT, and BNB (compatible with multi-chain protocols such as BEP-20 and TRC-20). Through an integrated cross-chain bridge, users can freely transfer assets across major blockchains like Ethereum, BNB Chain, and TRON without manual conversion. For instance, a freelancer in the UK receiving USDT payments from a U.S. client can directly convert it to GBP for consumption via the card, with the entire process settling in minutes and fees as low as 1.8%-2%. This represents a more than 90% improvement in efficiency and a 60%-80% reduction in costs compared to traditional bank cross-border transfers (5%-10% fees + 3-5 days settlement). The platform employs Layer 2 scaling technologies (e.g., zk-Rollups) to further optimize transaction throughput, supporting high-frequency, low-value payment scenarios. Additionally, its dynamic exchange rate locking feature helps users mitigate cryptocurrency price volatility risks, ensuring payment amount stability—for example, even if Bitcoin drops from $101,867 in January 2025 to $94,500 in February, users can still settle payments at the real-time exchange rate during consumption without needing to pre-convert to fiat currency. 2. Building Trust with a Global Payment Network and Compliance System Leveraging deep collaborations with Visa and MasterCard, the VooPay digital asset card covers 210 countries/regions and 150 million merchants (including offline retail, online e-commerce, and ATM networks). It supports integration with third-party platforms like Alipay, WeChat Pay, and Apple Pay, enabling seamless transitions between "crypto-to-fiat" payment scenarios. For instance, in the $20.5 billion spent by Canadians in the U.S. in 2024, using the VooPay card could bypass traditional bank exchange rate losses (averaging about 3%) and high fees, requiring only a fixed rate of 1.8%-2%. In terms of compliance, VooPay holds financial licenses in Europe and North America, strictly adhering to KYC (Know Your Customer) and AML (Anti-Money Laundering) standards. Users must complete identity verification to activate their cards. The digital asset cards are issued by banks in Hong Kong and the U.S., with funds segregated from platform operating assets and regularly audited by third-party institutions to ensure security. This ensures that every transaction complies with global regulatory requirements, especially under the backdrop of tightened financial regulations driven by Trump-era policies, providing users with reliable safeguards. 3. Revolutionizing User Experience and Extending the Ecosystem to Make Crypto Payments Mainstream The VooPay card is designed to balance high spending limits and operational convenience: the Gold Card has a daily spending limit of $7,500 and a monthly limit of $50,000, while the virtual card can be activated with as little as 10 USDT. It supports instant card issuance and multilingual interfaces (including Chinese). Users can view multi-chain asset distributions, transaction records, and real-time exchange rates via the app, significantly lowering the operational barriers compared to traditional crypto wallets. Moreover, the card integrates Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) technology, protecting transaction privacy while meeting compliance requirements, allowing users to complete payment verification without disclosing sensitive information. On the ecosystem front, VooPay's native token, VOO, has diverse use cases, including payment fee discounts (20%), participation in liquidity mining, and community governance voting. Future plans include deep integration with DeFi protocols, enabling users to directly participate in staking, lending, and other financial activities via the card, building an integrated ecosystem of "payments-wealth management-governance." As a core project incubated by M3 DAO, VooPay is deeply embedded in its community ecosystem, which spans over 100 countries and includes more than 200,000 members. It serves as the designated payment hub for incubated projects like Rocket and MetaMars. Rocket, an IDO platform in the DeFi space, collaborates with VooPay to achieve seamless integration of crypto asset subscriptions and payments. Users can invest in Rocket projects using the VooPay card and enjoy VOO token fee discounts and priority benefits. MetaMars, on the other hand, extends VooPay's practical applications in metaverse scenarios, enabling users to purchase NFTs or virtual services with cryptocurrencies stored in their cards, with the system automatically converting to platform tokens at low fees. Together, the three entities drive VooPay's construction of an integrated ecosystem of "payments + investments + applications," promoting the adoption of cryptocurrencies in diverse scenarios. 4. Differentiated Competitiveness to Address Market Challenges Compared to traditional payments and competitors, VooPay's core advantages lie in: ●Dual-Driven by Technology and Compliance: Enhancing efficiency through cross-chain interoperability and Layer 2 technologies while building trust with financial licenses in Europe and North America and segregated fund custody. ●Deep Integration of Scenarios and Ecosystems: Covering diverse scenarios such as personal consumption, enterprise cross-border acquiring, and DeFi finance, rather than being limited to single-use transaction functions. ●Accurate Matching of User Needs: Addressing pain points in cross-border payments (low cost, real-time), privacy and security demands (ZKP technology), and operational barriers (one-click integration with mainstream payments) with systematic solutions. Looking ahead, as blockchain technology matures and global regulatory environments gradually open up, VooPay is poised to carve out a larger space in the crypto payment card market with its triple advantages of "technological innovation + compliance framework + ecosystem expansion." It aims to drive cryptocurrencies from "marginal payments" to "daily necessities," becoming a mainstream gateway connecting Web3 and the real economy.

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

In the rural areas of Vietnam, people tend to give the land plot next to their house to their grown up children to build a new home – thus a new family. This poses many interesting problems about the two generation’s living spaces. In the case of Ai Nghia House, we pay close attention to the connection and privacy between the two families.

The skylit courtyard

Learning from the structure of traditional houses in Hoi An, we create a courtyard in the middle of the house, connecting the parents’ house and the children’s new house. The courtyard plays its role as a funnel collecting sunlight and natural wind, also, it’s a place for sharing daily stories, common or private. It’s a place where parents watch over the house and the kids, where families pass over a little spice in cooking time, or simply a place where the sky is only one perk away. The courtyard is thus shared naturally between the families as a continuation between generations.

The framed garden

The front garden is framed into a red brick facade, making the greenery stand out. Voids are boldly cut to allow sunlight to reach the plants, making the garden comes to life. Altogether that frame becomes a lively picture of nature and many daily moments of each member in the family.

Read more about Naqi & Partners at https://naqipartners.com/project/ai-nghia-house-quang-nam/

https://stacker.news/items/999526

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

There is only one item on my CSS wishlist for 2025: a slower pace!

After years of rapid innovation, now feels like the right time for browser vendors to take a beat to consolidate, fix browser inconsistencies, and let the rest of us catch up.

After all, we might've heard about subgrid, :has(), scroll-driven animations, and all the other recent CSS improvements – but how many of us can say that we've actually used all these features, let alone mastered them?

This is why this year's survey will be so interesting. It'll be a chance to see which of the past few year's new CSS additions have already been adopted by the community, and which ones are still on our to-do list.

So once again, please join me for this year's State of CSS!

Take the survey at https://survey.devographics.com/en-US/survey/state-of-css/2025

https://stacker.news/items/999510

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• Version 1.3 of Bitcoin Safe introduces a redesigned interactive chart, quick receive feature, updated icons, a mempool preview window, support for Child Pays For Parent (CPFP) and testnet4, preconfigured testnet demo wallets, as well as various bug fixes and improvements.

• Upcoming updates for Bitcoin Safe include Compact Block Filters.

"Compact Block Filters increase the network privacy dramatically, since you're not asking an electrum server to give you your transactions. They are a little slower than electrum servers. For a savings wallet like Bitcoin Safe this should be OK," writes the project's developer Andreas Griffin.

• Learn more about the current and upcoming features of Bitcoin Safe wallet here.

What's new in v1.3

• Redesign of Chart, Quick Receive, Icons, and Mempool Preview (by @design-rrr).
• Interactive chart. Clicking on it now jumps to transaction, and selected transactions are now highlighted.

• Speed up transactions with Child Pays For Parent (CPFP).
• BDK 1.2 (upgraded from 0.32).
• Testnet4 support.
• Preconfigured Testnet demo wallets.
• Cluster unconfirmed transactions so that parents/children are next to each other.
• Customizable columns for all tables (optional view: Txid, Address index, and more)
• Bug fixes and other improvements.

Announcement / Archive
Blog Post / Archive
GitHub Repo
Website

@ da8b7de1:c0164aee

| Régió/Ország | Fő esemény/politika | Forrás | |------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------| | Egyesült Államok | Végrehajtási rendeletek a nukleáris termelés négyszeresére növeléséről; a nem létfontosságú K+F költségvetésének csökkentése; SMR és mikroreaktor kezdeményezések | world-nuclear-news, nucnet, aoshearman, ans | | Kanada | Engedélyezés új BWRX-300 SMR reaktor építésére Darlingtonban | world-nuclear-news, ans | | Európa | EU tervek az orosz nukleáris importok korlátozására; Westinghouse–Bulgária beszállítói megállapodások | nucnet, world-nuclear-news | | Globális/Világbank | A nukleáris finanszírozási tilalom esetleges feloldása a fejlődő országok számára | globalissues | | Egyesült Királyság| Új kiberbiztonsági jogszabályok a nukleáris szektorban | aoshearman | | Katonaság/Védelem| A védelmi minisztérium cégeket választott ki mikroreaktorok telepítésére | ans |

Források:
world-nuclear-news
nucnet
aoshearman
globalissues
ans

@ a3c6f928:d45494fb

Guilt can feel like a weight we carry silently—a reminder of past choices, mistakes, or words we wish we could take back. While remorse can be a signal for growth, staying stuck in guilt serves no one. Freedom from guilt is not about denying responsibility; it’s about accepting it with compassion and choosing to heal forward.

The Silent Burden

Guilt often hides in our inner dialogue:

"I should have known better."

"Why did I do that?"

"I can’t forgive myself."

It lingers quietly, shaping how we show up in relationships, how we talk to ourselves, and what we believe we deserve.

Why Guilt Persists

We believe guilt is penance—that if we suffer long enough, we’ll earn redemption. But guilt isn’t the path to healing. Forgiveness is. And it begins with ourselves.

Signs You’re Stuck in Guilt

You replay events repeatedly in your mind

You avoid situations or people connected to the memory

You believe you deserve less because of what happened

You can’t speak kindly to yourself about the past

The Path to Self-Forgiveness

1. Acknowledge Without Denial: Own what happened, but resist the urge to define yourself by it.

2. Feel the Feelings: Allow yourself to grieve, feel sorrow, or disappointment. This is part of release.

3. Offer Yourself Compassion: Would you speak this harshly to someone you love?

4. Make Amends if Needed: When possible, take responsible action to heal what can be healed.

5. Let the Past Educate, Not Punish: Take the lesson. Leave the shame.

Why Forgiveness Frees You

When you forgive yourself, you reclaim your wholeness. You stop being split between who you were and who you're becoming. You can hold your past without being held back by it.

---

“You, too, deserve to walk forward without chains.”

Release the guilt. Choose compassion. Let healing lead the way.

@ 58537364:705b4b85

อารมณ์ คือ โลก - โลก คือ อารมณ์ อารมณ์ ในโลกปัจจุบันรวมอยู่ที่ วัตถุนิยม อารมณ์ จึงเป็นปัจจัยแห่งเหตุการณ์ทุกอย่างในโลก

…. “ เดี๋ยวนี้คําว่า “อารมณ์” ในภาษาไทยนั้น หมายถึงความรู้สึกในใจมากกว่า; เช่น พื้นเพของจิตใจในขณะนั้นเป็นอย่างไร, เรียกว่าอารมณ์ของเขาเป็นอย่างไร, อารมณ์กําลังดี อารมณ์กําลังไม่ดี, นี่ คําว่าอารมณ์ในภาษาไทยใช้กันไปเสียอย่างนี้ ; มันคนละเรื่องกับในภาษาบาลี ซึ่งคําว่า “อารมณ์” หมายถึง สิ่งที่จะเข้ามากระทบ ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย ใจ.

…. ถ้ากระทบแล้วเกิดความรู้สึกอย่างไร งุ่นง่านอยู่ในใจ อันนั้นไม่ได้เรียกว่าอารมณ์; อันนั้นก็เรียกว่ากิเลสอย่างอื่น เช่น เรียกว่าตัณหาบ้าง อุปาทานบ้าง; ถ้าจัดเป็นพวกขันธ์ ก็เรียกว่า เวทนาขันธ์บ้าง สัญญาขันธ์บ้าง สังขารขันธ์บ้าง; ถ้าเป็นความคิดที่งุ่นง่านก็เรียกว่า “สังขารขันธ์” ทั้งนั้น ดังนั้น เราจะต้องถือเอาคําว่าอารมณ์ในบาลีมาเป็นหลัก …. คําว่า อารมณ์ ที่จะเข้าใจกันง่ายๆ ก็หมายความว่า รูป เสียง กลิ่น รส โผฏฐัพพะ ที่จะมากระทบ ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย นี้ ๕ อย่าง แล้วก็ความรู้สึกเก่าแก่ที่จะมาผุดขึ้นในใจอีก เรียกว่า ธัมมารมณ์ ที่จะมากระทบใจในปัจจุบันนี้ นี้ก็เป็นอันหนึ่ง เลยได้เป็นอารมณ์ ๖. อารมณ์กระทบ ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย ๕ อย่างข้างนอกนี้ก็สําคัญไปพวกหนึ่ง ที่ปรุงขึ้นภายในสําหรับกระทบใจโดยไม่ต้องอาศัย ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย ใจ เลย ในเวลานั้นก็ยังมีอยู่นี้เรียกว่าธัมมารมณ์ นี้ก็ยิ่งสําคัญ: แต่ว่ารวมกันแล้วก็เรียกว่า อารมณ์ ได้ด้วยกันทั้งนั้น แปลว่า สิ่งที่จะมากระทบกับ ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย ใจ นั่นเอง

…. นี้ ดูให้ละเอียดตามตัวหนังสือ คําว่า “อารมณ์” แปลว่า ที่หน่วงบ้าง แปลว่า ที่ยินดีบ้าง, มันมีความหมายละเอียดมาก. ถ้าถือเอาความหมายอย่างคนที่มีตัวตนเป็นหลัก ธรรมะในฝ่ายฮินดูหรือฝ่ายพรหมณ์เขาก็จะพูดว่า สําหรับจิตหรืออาตมันเข้าไปจับฉวยเอา. แต่ถ้าพูดอย่างภาษาชาวพุทธพูดอย่างนั้นไม่ได้ เพราะไม่มีจิตไม่มีอาตมันชนิดนั้น แล้วจิตนี้ก็เพิ่งเกิดขึ้นหลังอารมณ์กระทบแล้ว; เลยต้องพูดตามพระบาลีที่ว่า อาศัยตาด้วย อาศัยรูปด้วย ย่อมเกิดจักษุวิญญาณ; ตาอาศัยกับรูปคืออารมณ์นั้นได้แล้วจึงจะเกิดจักษุวิญญาณ วิญญาณหรือจิตนี้เกิดทีหลัง

…. ฉะนั้น จึงไม่พูดว่า อารมณ์นี้เป็นสิ่งสําหรับจิตหรือตัวตนเข้าไปจับฉวยยึดเอา; ถ้าพูดอย่างนั้นมันก็จะเป็นฮินดูหรือพราหมณ์ไป คือมีตัวตนไป. พูดอย่างพุทธไม่มีตัวตน ทุกอย่างไม่ใช่ตัวตน เป็นสักว่าธาตุ, ได้การปรุงแต่งที่เหมาะแล้วมันก็ปรุงแต่งเป็นสิ่งใหม่ขึ้นมา ในนั้นอาจจะมีความรู้สึกโง่ไปว่าเป็นตัวเราก็ได้

…. ฉะนั้น คําว่าอารมณ์ ถ้าถือตามหลักในทางพุทธศาสนา ก็แปลว่า สิ่งที่อาศัยกันกับจิต จะเรียกว่าเป็นที่หน่วงของจิตมันก็ยังได้: ถ้าเข้าใจผิดมันก็ผิดได้: เรียกว่าสิ่งที่อาศัยกับอายตนะ แล้วก็เกิดเป็นความรู้สึกเป็นจิตขึ้นมา จิตกําลังหน่วงสิ่งนั้นเป็นอารมณ์ก็ได้ แต่จะให้เป็นตัวตนนั้นไม่ได้

…. โดยพยัญชนะก็มีอยู่อย่างนี้ ตัวพยัญชนะก็ยังกํากวม อารมฺมณํ หรือที่มาจาก อาลมฺพนํ ก็แปลว่า ที่หน่วงของจิต. ถ้าจะถือว่ามาจาก รม ที่แปลว่า ยินดี ก็แปลว่า มันเป็นสิ่งที่หลงใหลยินดีของจิต อย่างนี้ก็ยังได้อีก

…. แต่ขอให้รู้จักจากภายในดีกว่าที่จะมารู้จักจากตัวหนังสือ เมื่อตากระทบรูป เมื่อหูกระทบเสียง เป็นต้น มันเกิดขึ้นในใจ, แล้วสังเกตเอาที่นั่นก็แล้วกัน ว่ารูปที่มากระทบตานั้นมันคืออะไร? เสียงที่มากระทบหูนั้นมันคืออะไร? จะค่อยเข้าใจแจ่มแจ้งขึ้นทีละน้อยๆ ว่าอารมณ์นั้นคืออะไร? แต่ให้เข้าใจไว้ทีหนึ่งก่อนว่าสิ่งที่เรียกว่าอารมณ์ๆที่มากระทบนี้ มันยังไม่ดีไม่ชั่ว ยังไม่จัดเป็นสิ่งดีสิ่งชั่ว มันต้องผสมปรุงแต่งเป็นความคิดอย่างนั้นอย่างนี้เสียก่อน จึงจะจัดเป็นดีเป็นชั่ว อารมณ์ล้วนๆยังไม่ดีไม่ชั่ว จะได้รู้จักป้องกัน อย่าให้เป็นไปในทางชั่ว, ให้เป็นไปแต่ในทางดีได้ตามปรารถนา

…. นี้เรียกว่าโดยพยัญชนะ โดยตัวหนังสือ คําว่า “อารมณ์” แปลว่า เป็นที่ยินดีแห่งจิต, เป็นที่ยึดหน่วงแห่งจิต; โดยเฉพาะภาษาอภิธรรมแล้วก็ใช้คําว่า “เป็นที่หน่วงเอาของจิต”, คือจิตย่อมหน่วงสิ่งใดสิ่งหนึ่งเป็นอารมณ์ แปลคําว่าอารมณ์บ้าง, อาลัมพนะ แปลว่า เป็นที่หน่วงเอา.

…. เดี๋ยวนี้เราเรียนพุทธศาสนาไม่ใช่เรามาเรียนหนังสือบาลี, เราจะเรียนพระธรรมคําสอนของพระพุทธเจ้า เราก็ต้องดูสิ่งที่เรียกว่าอารมณ์ โดยหลักของธรรมชาติที่ปรุงแต่งกันอยู่ในใจดีกว่า; ก็อย่างพระบาลีที่ได้ว่ามาแล้วข้างต้นว่า จกฺขุญฺจ ปฏิจฺจ รูเป จ อุปฺปชฺชติ จกฺขุวิญฺญาณํ = เพราะอาศัยตาด้วย รูปด้วย ย่อมบังเกิดจักษุวิญญาณ ติณฺณํ ธมฺมานํ สงฺคติ ผสฺโส - การประจวบกันของ ๓ สิ่งนี้เรียกว่า “ผัสสะ”, ผสฺสปจฺจยา เวทนา = เพราะผัสสะเป็นปัจจัยจึงเกิดเวทนา, อย่างนี้เรื่อยไปจนเกิดทุกข์ จนเกิดความทุกข์, นี้เรียกว่าโดยธรรมชาติ

…. สิ่งที่เรียกว่าอารมณ์มีอยู่โดยธรรมชาติที่จะเข้ามาอาศัยกันกับตาข้างใน ที่มีอยู่ในตัวคน. แล้วจะเกิดจักษุวิญญาณ เป็นต้น ขึ้นในตัวคน; จะเกิด ผัสสะ เวทนา ตัณหา อุปาทาน ภพ ชาติ ขึ้นในตัวคน; นี้โดยธรรมชาติ พระพุทธเจ้าท่านบันดาลอะไรไม่ได้ : ธรรมชาติเป็นอยู่อย่างนี้ แต่ท่านรู้เรื่องนี้ท่านจึงนํามาสอนว่า ธรรมชาติมันมีอยู่อย่างนี้ เราจะต้องเข้าใจให้ถูกต้อง โดยที่จะป้องกันความทุกข์ไม่ให้เกิดขึ้นมาได้, หรือถ้าเกิดขึ้นมาได้ก็จะดับเสียได้

…. เราควรจะรู้จักอารมณ์ในฐานะที่เป็นธรรมชาติอันหนึ่ง ที่มีอยู่ตามธรรมชาติ แล้วที่จะเข้ามาทําเรื่องทําราวขึ้นในจิตใจของคนเราให้เกิดปัญหายุ่งยากนี้ให้ดีๆ นี้เรียกว่ารู้จักอารมณ์จากธรรมชาติโดยตรงอย่างนี้ ดีกว่าที่จะรู้จักตามตัวหนังสือ, ดีกว่าที่จะรู้จักตามคําบอกเล่าบางอย่างบางประการที่มันไม่มีประโยชน์อะไร. รู้จักตามคําบอกเล่าก็รู้จักตามที่พระพุทธเจ้าท่านตรัสดีกว่า แต่แล้วยังไม่รู้จักตัวจริง จนกว่าจะมารู้จักจากที่เมื่ออารมณ์มากระทบตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย ใจ เข้าจริงๆ : นั่นจึงจะรู้จักอารมณ์ รู้จักผลที่เกิดขึ้นจากการกระทบของอารมณ์, รู้จักต่อไปตามลําดับ จนแก้ปัญหาต่างๆ ได้

…. นี่ ขอร้องให้รู้จักสิ่งที่เรียกว่า อารมณ์ ในฐานะที่เป็นธรรมชาติอันหนึ่ง ที่มีอยู่ตามธรรมชาติ ที่จะเข้ามากระทบอายตนะภายใน คือ กระทบ ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย ใจ แล้วมีเรื่องมีราวมีปัญหา

อารมณ์ คือ โลก - โลก คือ อารมณ์ …. “ ที่นี้จะให้ดูต่อไปอีก ว่าโดยข้อเท็จจริงที่เป็นอยู่แล้ว อารมณ์นั้นคืออะไร? ถ้าจะพูดโดยข้อเท็จจริงหรือตามสถานการณ์ที่เป็นอยู่จริงในชีวิตของคนเรา อารมณ์มันก็คือ “โลก” นั่นเอง. เดี๋ยวนี้เราไม่รู้จักโลกในฐานะอย่างนี้, เราไปเข้าใจความหมายของคําว่าโลกแคบไปบ้าง หรือว่าเขวไปบ้าง.

…. ถ้าจะรู้ตามหลักพระพุทธศาสนาแล้ว โลกทั้งหมดก็คือสิ่งที่จะมาปรากฏแก่ ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย ใจ ของเรา, เรามีเพียง ๖ อย่าง, แล้วมันก็ ปรากฏได้เพียง ๖ ทาง, มากกว่านั้นมันปรากฏไม่ได้ ดังนั้น โลกก็คือสิ่งที่จะมาปรากฏแก่ ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย ใจ ๖ อย่างของเรา. “โลก” ก็คือ รูป เสียง กลิ่น รส โผฏฐัพพะ ธัมมารมณ์ ๖ ประการเท่านั้น, ไม่มีอะไรมากไปกว่านั้น

…. ฉะนั้น รูป เสียง กลิ่น รส โผฏฐัพพะ ธัมมารมณ์ แต่ละอย่าง ๆ ก็คือ โลกในแต่ละแง่ละมุม นั่นเอง, ที่เป็น รูป เสียง กลิ่น รส โผฏฐัพพะ ก็อยู่ข้างนอก จะเรียกว่าอยู่ข้างนอกก็ได้, ที่เป็นอารมณ์เกิดขึ้นในใจ ปรุงขึ้นในใจก็เรียกว่าโลกข้างในก็ได้ แต่มันก็เป็นโลกอยู่นั่นแหละ เพราะมันเป็นสิ่งที่จิตจะต้องรู้สึก จิตรู้สึกก็เรียกว่าโลกสําหรับจิต ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย รู้สึก ก็เรียกว่าโลกสำหรับ ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย. นี้ขอให้มองให้เห็นชัดตามพระพุทธประสงค์ว่า โลก ก็คือ อารมณ์, อารมณ์ ก็คือ โลก.

…. แต่ทีนี้ พระพุทธเจ้าท่านมองลึกกว่านั้น ท่านตรัสถึงข้อที่ว่า ถ้ามันมาเกิดเป็นปัญหาแก่เราเมื่อไรจึงจะเรียกว่า “มันมี” พอมันมาเป็นปัญหาแก่เราเมื่อไรก็เรียกว่า “เป็นทุกข์”; เพราะว่าเราได้ไปจับฉวยยึดถือเอาตามประสาตามวิสัยของคนที่ไม่รู้จักโลก ถ้าพูดว่าไม่รู้จักโลกแล้วคนก็มักจะไม่ยอมรับ เพราะว่าเขาจะพูดว่าเขารู้จักโลกดี. ยิ่งพวกฝรั่งสมัยนี้ นักวิทยาศาสตร์ปราดเปรื่องนั้น เขาจะไม่ยอมรับว่าเขาไม่รู้จักโลก. แต่ถ้าพูดตามหลักพุทธศาสนาแล้วก็จะพูดได้ว่ายังไม่รู้จักโลกเลย เป็นคนตาบอดยิ่งกว่าตาบอด; เพราะว่าฝรั่งเหล่านั้นรู้จักโลกแต่ในแง่สําหรับจะยึดมั่นถือมั่นเป็น “ตัวกู ของกู” จะครองโลกจะอะไร เอาประโยชน์ทุกอย่าง; เขารู้จักโลกในแง่นี้ อย่างนี้พุทธบริษัทไม่เรียกว่า “รู้จักโลก”; แต่ถือว่าเป็นคนตาบอดต่อโลก, หลงยึดมั่นถือมั่นในโลก. เพราะว่าคนเหล่านั้นไม่รู้จักโลกโดยความเป็นอารมณ์ ๖ ประการ คือ รูป เสียง กลิ่นรส โผฏฐัพพะ ธัมมารมณ์, แล้วเป็น “มายา” คือ เอาจริงไม่ได้ เป็นของชั่วคราวๆ หลอกให้เกิดความรู้สึกยึดมั่นถือมั่น

…. นี้เรารู้จัก เราไม่ไปหลงยึดมั่นถือมั่นกับมัน นี้จึงเรียกว่า “คนที่รู้จักโลก” ไปตามหลักของพุทธศาสนา, ฉะนั้น จึงไม่ยึดมั่นถือมั่นสิ่งใดโดยความเป็นตัวตน หรือโดยความเป็นของตน, เรียกว่าเป็นผู้รู้จักอารมณ์ ๖ ประการนั้นก็คือรู้จักโลกทั้งปวง, แล้วก็ไม่หลงไปในโลกในแง่ใดแง่หนึ่ง นี้เรียกว่า อารมณ์ ก็คือ โลก นั่นเอง ในความหมายที่ลึกที่สุดของพระพุทธสาสนา ไม่ใช่โลกก้อนดิน, ไม่ใช่โลกก้อนกลมๆ นี้. แต่มันหมายถึงคุณค่าอะไรที่มันมีอยู่ในโลกกลมๆ นี้ ที่จะเข้ามามาทําให้เกิดปัญหา ที่ตา ที่หู ที่จมูก ที่ลิ้น ที่กาย ที่ใจ ของคน. นั่นแหละคือตัวร้ายกาจของสิ่งที่เรียกว่า โลก เราจะต้องรู้จักในส่วนนี้ให้เพียงพอ

อารมณ์ในโลกปัจจุบันมารวมที่วัตถุนิยม …. ทีนี้ ดูอีกแง่หนึ่งก็โดยปัญหาที่กําลังมีอยู่ อารมณ์ในโลกนี้ในฐานะที่มันเป็นตัวปัญหาที่กําลังมีอยู่ มันมารวมอยู่ที่คําว่า “วัตถุนิยม”: หมายความว่า ตา หู จมูก ลิ้น กาย ใจ นี้ มันเป็นฝ่ายชนะ ไปหลงใหลในอารมณ์ รูป เสียง กลิ่น รส โผฏฐัพพะ ฯลฯ, แล้วก็เกิดนิยมหลงใหลในวัตถุเหล่านั้น จนเกิดความคิดใหม่ๆ, ปรุงแต่งไปในทางที่จะให้หลงใหลในโลกยิ่งขึ้นๆ, ความเจริญก้าวหน้า ในโลกสมัยนี้เป็นไปแต่ในทางอย่างนี้ ฉะนั้น จึงไกลความสงบ, ไกลสันติภาพ ไกลอะไรออกไปทุกที. การที่มนุษย์ที่มีปัญญาในโลกสมัยนี้ โดยเฉพาะฝรั่งที่ก้าวหน้านั้นเขาก็จัดโลกไปแต่ในแง่ของวัตถุมากขึ้นๆ: มันก็ไกลจากสันติภาพ ไกลจากความสงบสุขยิ่งขึ้นทุกที

…. ความสะดวกสบายที่ทําให้เกิดขึ้นมาได้นั้น ไม่ได้ช่วยส่งเสริมเกิดสันติภาพ; แต่มันช่วยให้เกิดความหลงในโลกนั้นเองมากขึ้น แล้วก็ช่วยให้หลงใหลใน “ตัวกู ของกู”, ยึดมั่นถือมั่นเห็นแก่ตัวมากขึ้น รวมกันแล้วมันไม่มีทางที่จะเกิดสันติภาพหรือสันติสุขในโลกได้เลย, จึงกลายเป็นความหลอกลวงเหลือประมาณ โลกจึงกลายเป็นความหลอกลวง, หรือสิ่งที่หลอกลวงเหลือประมาณใน เวลานี้ เราเรียกกันว่า ติดบ่วง หรือว่า ติดเหยื่อของวัตถุนิยม. คําพูดทั้งหมดนี้ ล้วนแต่เป็นการแสดงให้เห็นว่า อารมณ์นี้คืออะไร สิ่งที่เรียกว่าอารมณ์นั้น คือตัวโลกที่กําลังหลอกลวงเราอยู่ทุกวันอย่างยิ่ง โดยเฉพาะในปัจจุบันนี้เป็นวัตถุนิยม นี้คืออารมณ์”

พุทธทาสภิกขุ ที่มา : ธรรมบรรยายภาคมาฆบูชา ครั้งที่ ๗ หัวข้อเรื่อง “อารมณ์ คือ ปัจจัยแห่งเหตุการณ์ทุกอย่างในโลก” เมื่อวันที่ ๑๖ กุมภาพันธ์ ๒๕๑๗ จากหนังสือชุดธรรมโฆษณ์ เล่มชื่อว่า “ก ข ก กา ของการศึกษาพุทธศาสนา”

หมายเหตุ

“อารมณ์ ” ในทางพุทธศาสนา มี ๖ คือ... * ๑. รูปะ = รูป, สิ่งที่เห็น หรือ วัณณะ คือ สี * ๒. สัททะ = เสียง * ๓. คันธะ = กลิ่น * ๔. รสะ = รส * ๕. โผฏฐัพพะ = สัมผัสทางกาย * ๖. ธรรมารมณ์ = สิ่งที่ใจนึกคิด, อารมณ์ที่เกิดกับใจ

…. ทั้ง ๖ อย่างนี้ เป็นสิ่งสำหรับให้จิตยึดหน่วง เรียกอีกอย่างว่า "อายตนะภานนอก" ก็ได้

“อายตนะภายใน ๖” คือ ที่เชื่อมต่อให้เกิดความรู้, แดนต่อความรู้ฝ่ายภายใน มี * ๖ อย่าง คือ... * ๑. จักษุ - ตา * ๒. โสตะ - หู * ๓. ฆานะ - จมูก * ๔. ชิวหา - ลิ้น * ๕. กาย - กาย * ๖. มโน - ใจ

… หรือจะเรียกอีกอย่างว่า “อินทรีย์ ๖” ก็ได้ เพราะเป็นใหญ่ในหน้าที่ของตนแต่ละอย่าง เช่น จักษุ เป็นเจ้าการ(เป็นใหญ่)ในการเห็น เป็นต้น

ท. ส. ปัญญาวุฑโฒ – รวบรวม.

@ 0b118e40:4edc09cb

The idea of Bitcoin as an internet native currency, and eventually a global one, is coming to life slowly. But historically, the idea of global currency has haunted the world’s financial imagination for nearly a century. 

From Keynes’s Bancor in 1944 to Zhou Xiaochuan’s post-crisis proposal in 2009 to today’s renewed debates, the idea resurfaces every time the global economy fractures. 

Could this time be different with Bitcoin? 

I decided to trace the idea of global currency through several decades and books. I may have missed some parts, so feel free to add. I’ll keep this brief and leave the books I’ve read below.

In the beginning

It all started on July 1, 1944. 730 delegates from 44 Allied nations, including major powers like the US, UK, Soviet Union, China, and France, gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. They spent 2 weeks figuring out how the new international monetary and financial system would be, post WW2

After WW1, the treaty of Versailles was needed, but imposed harsh reparations that devastated economies and contributed to the rise of fascism, such as Hitler, Mussolini and gang. 

So when folks met up in 1944 (WW2 was almost ending), the goal was to prevent another Great Depression, another global conflict and build a stable global economic order. 

2 main proposals were discussed in Bretton Woods. 

1. John Maynard Keynes, representing the UK, proposed the creation of a global currency called Bancor. It will be issued through a global central bank known as the International Clearing Union (ICU).

2. Harry Dexter White, representing the US, promoted a dollar-based system. Countries would peg their currencies to the US. dollar backed by gold. He also led the creation of the IMF and the World Bank.

To understand how both of these proposals work, let's look at an example.

• Country A (Germany): Massive exporter

• Country B (USA): Massive importer

• Country C (Brazil): Balanced trade (imports = exports)

***Based on Dexter’s model and the current USD-based system, ***

Say Germany sells $1B worth of cars to the US. The US  pays in dollars, increasing its trade deficit. Germany accumulates dollars as reserves or buys the US Treasury bonds. Over time, the US continues running trade deficits, while Germany keeps hoarding dollars. Hence the  unsustainable debt of the US. 

***In Keynes’s Bancor system, ***

If Germany sells $1B worth of cars to the US, then the US does not pay in dollars. Instead, the ICU credits Germany with 1B Bancors and debits the US with -1B Bancors. 

The ICU police this. If Germany exceeds the surplus threshold, it pays interest or penalties to discourage hoarding. If the US exceeds its deficit threshold, it is warned to rebalance trade or face restrictions.

Here, Germany is incentivized to import more (e.g., from Brazil) or invest in global development. The US is encouraged to export more or reduce consumption. Brazil, with balanced trade, enjoys stability in Bancor flows and avoids pressure.

The idea behind Bancor was a zero-sum balancing act. No country could become “too big to fail” due to excessive deficits. But it was too complicated and idealistic in assuming every country could maintain balanced trade. 

Dexter on the other hand had a few tricks up his sleeve. In the end, Dexter’s USD dominance proposal was adopted. 

The Bretton Woods system established the US dollar as the central global currency 

Why did dollar dominance win over Bancor?

Simplicity often wins over complexity. But more so ICU felt too centralized, asking nations to surrender economic autonomy to a global body. That didn’t sit well in a post-war world where sovereignty was non-negotiable. That and idealist economic trade balance views. 

Dexter’s dollar-based system on the other hand wasn’t fair play at all. It was centralized and authoritarian in its design. 

So how did Dexter pull it off?

They had gold. They were ahead in economic recovery.

And they had nuclear weapons. 

At the time, the US held nearly 2/3 of the world’s gold reserves. It was a significant advantage in advocating for a gold-backed dollar as the bedrock of global trade. 

The US proposed a fixed gold peg at $35 per ounce.

From a broader geopolitical backdrop, the global population in 1944 was about 2.3 billion, a fraction of today’s 8 billion. The world was far less interconnected. The war had devastated Europe, Russia, and much of Asia. Infrastructure, economies, and entire cities were in ruins. The US, by contrast, had faced far fewer casualties and damages. Being geographically isolated, it had minimal domestic losses, around a tenth of what Europe suffered, and its economy was poised to rebuild faster. 

But gold dominance and economic recovery alone didn’t secure US financial dominance.

American scientific breakthroughs had already signaled global power. Physicists like Leo Szilard and Albert Einstein, who had fled Europe, helped develop nuclear weapons. Their intent was deterrence, not destruction. But once the bomb existed, it changed geopolitics overnight. The US had military dominance. And after Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, it became the undisputed superpower. 

In the end, the USD won and the vision for neutral global currency faded. 

And 20 years passed on…

France sends its warship to the US

Under Bretton Woods, countries could exchange dollars for gold, but the US had been printing more dollars than it had gold to back it. And it used it to fund the costly Vietnam War and domestic programs like the Great Society under LBJ. 

Belgian-American economist Robert Triffin pointed out a fatal flaw in the Bretton Woods system that came to be known as the Triffin dilemma. 

• The world needed US dollars for liquidity and trade.

• But the more dollars the US pumped out, the less credible its gold promise became.

Yet the US kept promising that every dollar was still convertible to gold at $35 per ounce.

French President Charles de Gaulle saw this as financial imperialism. He called it the  “exorbitant privileged position”. The world had to pay for what they bought with the money they have, but not the US. 

So in 1965, France did something unexpected. It sent a warship to New York Harbor to physically retrieve French gold reserves held by the Federal Reserve. 

Would it have escalated to war? Maybe. But likely not. It was perhaps more of a diplomatic theatre and a sovereign flex. France was exercising its right under the Bretton Woods agreement to convert dollars into gold. But doing it with military formality was to send a signal to the world that they don’t trust the US system anymore.

It was one of the first major public blows to the dollar’s credibility. And France wasn’t alone. Other countries like West Germany and Switzerland followed suit, redeeming dollars for gold and draining US reserves.

The Nixon shock

Given they did not have enough gold, the IMF introduced Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) in 1969. SDRs were an international reserve asset, created to supplement gold and dollar reserves. Instead of relying solely on the US dollar, SDRs were based on a basket of major currencies (originally gold-backed but later diversified).

The idea was to reduce the world’s dependence on the dollar and avoid a liquidity crisis. But SDRs were a little too late and a little too weak to solve the underlying problem.

By 1971, the US could no longer sustain the illusion. President Nixon “closed the gold window,” suspending dollar convertibility to gold. 

The Bretton Woods collapsed and this marked the beginning of fiat money dominance.

The French pursuit

While France demanded justice in one corner of the world, the French franc, specifically the CFA franc, has been dominant in parts of Africa since 1945, long before 1971.

After WWII, France created two CFA franc zones:

• West Africa: Communauté Financière Africaine (XOF)

• Central Africa: Coopération Financière en Afrique Centrale (XAF)

These zones included 14 African countries, many of which were former French colonies. France maintained monetary control via currency convertibility guarantees and representation in African central banks. Till today it has influence over these country’s monetary policy.

Colonisation hasn't ended in some parts of the world. 

Did countries stop using the USD after the Nixon shock 1971?

Nope. The US dollar was no longer convertible to gold and it dismantled the fixed exchange rate system. But most countries did not stop using the USD as their dominant reserve or trade currency. There were no decent alternatives. Instead, they floated their currencies or maintained a soft peg to the dollar or a basket of currencies. 

The USD remained dominant in oil trade (OPEC priced oil in USD) - petrodollar deal, global debt markets and FX reserves (central banks kept holding USD). 

In 1997, when many Southeast Asian countries were still pegged to the USD, Soros claimed that SEA will tank. The US further increased its credit rates leading to capital flight and eventual tanking of these countries leading to Asian Financial Crisis '97. Many financial crisis has similar vibe.

The 1999 Euro launch

The idea of a shared currency appeared again, this time through the forms of Euro. It was a mandatory system for member states of the Eurozone, and came with centralized authority, the European Central Bank (ECB), which controlled monetary policy for all participating nations.

At first glance, the euro seemed like a win. It eliminated exchange rate fluctuations, making trade within the Eurozone smoother. It gave weaker economies access to lower borrowing costs and helped Europe establish itself as a financial heavyweight. Today, the euro is the second most-used reserve currency after the US dollar.

But it came at a cost. Countries that adopted the euro lost monetary sovereignty and could no longer print their own money or adjust interest rates to respond to local crises. This became painfully clear during Greece’s debt crisis, where strict monetary policies prevented the country from devaluing its currency to recover. The one-size-fits-all approach meant that economies as different as Germany and Greece had to follow the same rules, often to the detriment of weaker nations. Debt-ridden countries like Italy and Spain were forced into harsh austerity measures because they could not manipulate their currency to ease financial strain. Meanwhile, richer nations like Germany and the Netherlands felt they were unfairly propping up struggling economies, creating political tension across the EU.

In recent years, the euro has faced pressure from global trade tensions, monetary tightening, and geopolitical instability contributing to market volatility and periodic depreciation against other major currencies.

The Bretton Woods 2.0

Believe it or not, after all that, there was a call for Bretton Woods 2.0. Yet another global currency dream.

When the housing market collapsed in 2008 followed by a series of domino effects, global banks froze lending, economies contracted, and panic set in. The crisis exposed how fragile the international financial system had become as it was overly reliant on debt, under-regulated, and centered around the US dollar.

Many countries, especially in the Global South and emerging markets, started to question whether a system built around a single national currency was sustainable. 

China, for instance, had been holding huge amounts of US debt while the US printed more dollars through bailouts and quantitative easing. This created global imbalances as exporting nations were lending money to the US to keep the system running, while taking on the risk of dollar depreciation. 

In 2009, China’s central bank openly proposed replacing the US dollar with a neutral global reserve currency suggesting SDRs (Special Drawing Rights) issued by the IMF instead.

These concerns led to a wave of calls from world leaders for a “Bretton Woods 2.0” ,  a modern rethinking of the post-WWII economic order. At G20 summits in London in 2009, countries like France, China, and Russia pushed for reforms in global financial institutions and more balanced power sharing. 

In the end, the IMF received more funding, and some banking regulations were tightened in the years after. But no real overhaul happened. No surprise there? The dollar remained dominant. 

The foundation of the global economy didn’t change, even though trust in it had been deeply shaken.

The growth of BRICS

In 2023, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa began discussing the idea of a shared currency or alternative mechanism to reduce the dependence on USD ie de-dollarisation. The sanctions on Russia didn't help. After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the US and its allies froze Russia’s dollar reserves and cut it off from SWIFT, the “backbone of global banking communication”. This made one thing clear. If you fall out with Washington, your access to the global economy can vanish overnight.

China’s growing economic power also gave it more leverage to process alternative options. It would trade in Yuan with Russia and Iran.

I know many still say it's at its early stage, but I see many countries hedging their bets quietly and aligning with Putin and Xi. It became more obvious after US imposed tariffs on multiple nations, signaling that economic tools can double as political weapons. The world’s second financial system is slowly forming.

What is the world looking for, for the last century ?

For the last 80 years, from Bretton Woods to multiple financial crises, from the birth of the Euro to the rise of BRICS, through war and peace, we’ve been circling around the same ideal. A global currency that is :

1. Simple 

2. Free from dominant power 

3. Decentralised

4. Borderless

5. Scarce 

6. Transparent 

7. Inclusive, with self custody

8. Resilient in crisis 

9. Built for individual financial sovereignty

10. A new backbone for global finance, owned by no one

It doesn’t matter where you’re from, what politics you believe in, or how your economy leans. The answer keeps pointing in the same direction:

Bitcoin

This is the first true global currency.

And it’s just there 

Waiting...

.

.

.

---

Some books that might interest you :

1. The Battle of Bretton Woods by Benn Steil

2. Goodbye, Great Britain by Kathleen Burk and Alec Cairncross

3. The Ghost of Bancor by Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa

4. Confessions of an Economic Hitman by John Perkins

5. The Blood Bankers by James S. Henry

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

เฮียไปเจอบทความต่างประเทศของเมื่อราวๆปี 2022 ที่เล่าเรื่องการจับมือกันระหว่าง CP Foods หรือที่คนไทยเรารู้จักกันดีในชื่อ “ซีพี” กับบริษัทจากอิสราเอลที่ชื่อ Future Meat Technologies ชื่อดูเหมือนจะหลุดมาจากหนังไซไฟ แต่สิ่งที่เขาทำไม่ใช่ยานอวกาศ ไม่ใช่หุ่นยนต์ แต่เป็น “เนื้อ” ใช่แล้ว เนื้อจริง ๆ แต่ไม่ต้องฆ่าสัตว์ เป็นเนื้อเพาะเลี้ยงจากเซลล์ในห้องแล็บ ที่เขาเรียกกันว่า cultivated meat หรือเนื้อเพาะเลี้ยง เฮียเห็นชื่อครั้งแรกก็แอบคิดว่ามันจะเป็นของเล่นของคนไฮเทคหรือเปล่า แต่พออ่านลึกเข้าไป มันกลายเป็นเรื่องจริงจังมาก เพราะมันเกี่ยวกับอนาคตของอาหารที่คนทั้งโลกอาจจะต้องพึ่งพาโดยไม่รู้ตัว

บริษัท Future Meat ทำเรื่องนี้ได้ล้ำมาก เขาสามารถเพาะเลี้ยงเซลล์ของสัตว์ให้เติบโตเป็นเนื้อได้โดยไม่ต้องฆ่าใครเลย ฟังดูเป็นมิตรกับโลกกับสัตว์มาก แต่มันมีโจทย์ที่ยากกว่านั้น คือจะทำอย่างไรให้เนื้อเพาะเลี้ยงนี้ “น่ากิน” สำหรับคนเอเชีย เพราะถ้าจะขายแค่ฝรั่งที่ชอบอกไก่จืด ๆ ก็ง่ายหน่อย แต่คนเอเชียเรานี่สิ ชอบเนื้อที่เรียกว่าเนื้อดำ ซึ่งจะเข้มข้น แน่นๆ มัน ๆ หอม ๆ สีเข้ม รสชัดแบบสะโพกไก่ น่องไก่ หรือเนื้อวัวที่เอาไปทำกะเพรา ทำแกง ทำผัดเผ็ดได้ CP เขาเข้าใจรสนิยมนี้ดี และนั่นแหละคือเหตุผลที่เขาไปจับมือกับบริษัทนี้ เฮียว่ามันไม่ใช่แค่เรื่องเทคโนโลยี แต่มันคือการจับมือกันระหว่างห้องแล็บกับตลาดรสนิยมบนจานข้าวของคนจริง ๆ

สิ่งที่เฮียว่าน่าสนใจคือ CP เข้ามาเติมเต็มสิ่งที่บริษัทเทคโนโลยีขาด นั่นคือความเข้าใจตลาดเอเชียแบบลึกซึ้ง ซีพีมีเครือข่ายทั่วภูมิภาค รู้ว่าคนไทย คนจีน คนอินโดฯ กินอะไร ชอบรสไหน จะเข้าไปวางขายในตลาดไหนต้องระวังวัฒนธรรมการกินอะไรบ้าง มันไม่ใช่แค่จะเอาเนื้อเพาะเลี้ยงมาย่างแล้ววางใส่เบอร์เกอร์แล้วขายได้เหมือนกันหมด CP เลยเป็นเหมือนสะพานเชื่อมจากโลกห้องแล็บเข้าสู่โลกจริงที่มีคนกินจริง ๆ นั่งรออยู่

แต่ในขณะที่หลายคนมองว่าเนื้อเพาะเลี้ยงคือความหวังใหม่ของโลก ที่ไม่ต้องฆ่าสัตว์ ไม่ปล่อยคาร์บอน ไม่ใช้พื้นที่มหาศาล เฮียก็อดคิดไม่ได้ว่า ถ้าระบบอาหารในอนาคตถูกควบคุมโดยไม่กี่บริษัท ใครเป็นคนควบคุมสูตร ใครถือสิทธิ์ในเซลล์ต้นแบบ ใครควบคุมแหล่งวัตถุดิบที่ใช้เพาะเลี้ยง แล้วคนกินอย่างเราจะเหลืออิสระแค่ไหนในการเลือกอาหารของตัวเอง มันอาจจะดูดีในระยะสั้น แต่ในระยะยาว ถ้าเราต้องพึ่งของพวกนี้เป็นหลัก แล้วของจริงที่โตจากดิน มีชีวิต กำลังถูกแทนที่ด้วยของเพาะในถัง เฮียว่าความเป็นมนุษย์ของเราก็อาจจะค่อย ๆ หายไปเหมือนกันโดยไม่รู้ตัว ถ้าในอนาคต “เนื้อ” ไม่ได้มาจากสัตว์ แต่กลายเป็นของเพาะเลี้ยงที่ออกแบบโดยใครบางคนในห้องแล็บ เราจะยังมีสิทธิ์เลือกรสชาติชีวิตของตัวเองอยู่มั้ย หรือเรากำลังค่อย ๆ โดนโปรแกรมผ่านของที่เรียกว่าอาหาร โดยไม่รู้เลยว่าใครคือคนเขียนโค้ดนั้น

siamstr #pirateketo

@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8

Wie schon gewohnt durch die Empfänge von Baerbock und von der Leyen im Ausland, in Washington ein Empfang etwas oberhalb der 1. Class, von Staatsempfang keine Spur. Passt eigentlich auch nicht für den 51. Bundesstaat der USA. Aber immerhin flog die „Bundesrepublik Deutschland“ ohne Pannen, das ist ja auch schon mal was. Und bei solch einem erfahrenen Chef-Co-Piloten an Bord, der auch mal schnell einspringen könnte, sozusagen als 2. Wahl, kann eigentlich gar nichts mehr schief gehen. Vielleicht hat Fritzchen den Kapitän auch gefragt, ob er auch mal ans Steuer darf, wenn sich die Gelegenheit schon bietet.

Im Gepäck die eingerahmte Geburtsurkunde von Großvater Trump. Als ob Donald die sich nicht selbst besorgen könnte, wenn er Interesse daran hätte. Vielleicht hat er sie auch schon.

Die Übergabe, kurz und schmerzlos. Sie erinnert an einen Sketch von Loriot, „Weihnachten bei Hoppenstedts“:…oh, eine Krawatte! Der versprochene Ehrenplatz wird sich vermutlich in einer der unteren Etagen des Weißen Hauses befinden.

Man muss auch erst einmal darauf kommen, so typisch deutsch: Eine Geburtsurkunde als Geschenk. Das könnte man auch als einen Wink mit dem Zaunpfahl ansehen: Erinnere Dich an Deine deutschen Wurzeln (und lass uns gefälligst nicht fallen?).

Jetzt zur Einschätzung des Treffens: Vorfahrt mit frisch gewaschenem Auto, Schwarz-Rot-Gold vorne am Kotflügel, wie es sich gehört, Schwarz-Rot-Gold am Eingang. Ganz schön rechts. Warum eigentlich nicht die Regenbogenfahne?

Begrüßung durch Trump auf Nachfrage eines Reporters: „I love the People of Germany.“

Und Merz nutzt die Gelegenheit sich in Biedermeier-Style einzuschmeicheln: „And I love the People of America.“

Und Trump erwidert: „That‘s good!“

In welcher Atmosphäre findet das Treffen statt?

Trump hat ein Elefantengedächtnis. Er weiß um die abwertenden, diplomatiefreien Aussagen, die Merz über ihn gemacht hat. Er weiß, dass Merz ihn mehrfach persönlich beleidigend angegriffen hat. Als Präsident der USA steht man darüber. Aber man weiß es! Trump ist sich darüber im Klaren, mit welcher Geisteshaltung er es bei Merz zu tun hat.

Vor dem Hintergrund passt seine Aussage zur Presse: „Ich liebe die Deutschen.“ Das ist eine demokratische und höfliche Sympathiebekundung gegenüber der deutschen Bevölkerung, die Merz zwar miteinschließt, aber nicht direkt an ihn gerichtet ist.

Trump begrüßt Merz mit Handschlag, begrüßt aber eigentlich nicht den Kanzler, sondern die Deutschen.

Andererseits darf der Äußerung „Ich liebe die Deutschen“ auch nicht zu viel Bedeutung beigemessen werden, denn die Amerikaner sind ja dafür bekannt, dass sie gerne und schnell alles lieben: I love America, I love Coca-Cola, I love Peanuts und eben auch I love the People of Germany.

Merz nutzt gleich die Gelegenheit, sich anzubiedern, in dem er pariert: „Und ich liebe die Amerikaner.“, worauf Trump antwortet: „That’s good!“ Das kann man übersetzen mit „Das ist gut!“, aber auch mit „Das ist auch gut so!“, bei letzterem wäre es eine versteckte Drohung. Mach Dir bewusst, wo Du bist und mit wem Du es zu tun hast und verhalte Dich danach!

Nonverbal wird dem sonst in Deutschland so eloquent wirken wollenden, akzentuiert sprechenden Merz die Bedeutung zugedacht, die ihm aus Sicht von Trump gebührt. In Frankfurt heißen sie Wiener, in Wien heißen sie Frankfurter.

Somit sind die Voraussetzungen, unter denen das Treffen stattfinden soll, schon einmal von amerikanischer Seite aus geklärt.

Du bist hier Gast in meinem Haus, also benimm Dich auch entsprechend! Ich bin der Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und Du bist klein Fritzchen aus dem Sauerland. Die Machtverhältnisse sind unausgesprochen geklärt.

Man hat in gewohnter Manier Platz genommen. Die Journalisten stellen Ihre Fragen ausschließlich an Trump. Zufall, oder Teil einer orchestrierten Aufführung, das wird man nie erfahren.

So oder so, die Journalisten signalisieren durch ihre Fragen an Trump, auf welcher Seite sie stehen, es weht der Geist von „America first“. Was Germany dazu zu sagen hat, interessiert niemanden, warum auch?

Die Einseitigkeit ist schon sehr auffällig. Eigentlich hätte es die Journalisten interessieren müssen, wie Deutschland zu verschiedenen Themen steht. Keine Fragen an Merz zu Zöllen, zur Ukraine, zur Meinungsfreiheit, zur Opposition. Mit dem Anspruch, ein breites Spektrum an Meinungen abbilden zu wollen, hat das eigentlich nichts zu tun. Wenn das die Vorstellung von „Freedom of Speach“ ist, dann können hier Zweifel aufkommen.

Falls diese Fragerunde in Hollywood-Manier gestaltet wurde, dann spräche das eher für Propaganda pro Trump. Wäre es Propaganda, dann wäre das Ziel allerdings erreicht worden: Kein Mensch interessiert sich für das, was Deutschland, vertreten durch Merz, zu sagen hat.

Trump setzt dem Ganzen zum Schluss noch die Krone auf, in dem er die Journalisten auffordert, nun endlich doch auch noch ein paar Fragen an Merz zu richten. Das unterstreicht nochmals das (geplante oder ungeplante) Desinteresse der anwesenden Journalisten, die sich nun fast schon genötigt fühlen, anstandshalber etwas zu fragen.

Merz, der bisher brav wie ein Schüler dem Lehrer zugehört hat, muss nun blitzschnell entscheiden, wie er die „künstlich“ hergestellte Möglichkeit nutzen kann, um, etwas unter Druck, durch die Kürze der Zeit, mit wenigen Worten seinen Standpunkt nach außen zu tragen. Seine konzentrierte Kernbotschaft, die Essenz, die Deutschland aus den USA und die übrige Welt hören soll, ist: Er steht weiter an der Seite der Ukraine und Russland ist ausschließlich das Böse.

Ganz schön raffiniert, denn so hat Trump es geschafft, das Konzentrat der Merz’schen Logik aus ihm herauszupressen.

Beide bekunden den Willen zum Frieden. Gleichzeitig wird jedoch auch klar, was jeder unter Frieden versteht: Merz will „Frieden durch Krieg“ und Trump will „Frieden durch Frieden“.

Auf rund 45 Minuten Trump kommen rund 4 Minuten Merz. Die Minuten drücken exakt die Machtverhältnisse aus.

Hätte Trump vorgehabt, Merz vorzuführen, ihm die Ohren langzuziehen, ihn bis auf die Knochen zu blamieren, er hätte reichlich Möglichkeiten dazu gehabt.

Er hätte Merz fragen können, warum er seinerzeit meinte, dass ihn, Trump, als Arschloch zu bezeichnen, noch gelinde sei. Er hätte ihn fragen können, warum er Trump als Gefahr für die Demokratie ansieht. Trump weiß darum, er hat es jedoch nicht angesprochen, was ist der Grund dafür?

Und Vance, der ebenfalls anwesend war, hätte seine Feststellungen zur Meinungsfreiheit und der „Fire-Wall“ gegen die Opposition, die er auf der Sicherheitskonferenz in München klar formuliert hat, wiederholen können, jetzt, wo doch der Kanzler, als erster Ansprechpartner für Deutschland, persönlich hätte gefragt werden können.

Beim Besuch von Selenskyj haben beide ja auch gewaltig gezeigt, wer hier das Sagen hat.

Nichts! Keine schallende Ohrfeige für Merz, doch nur Erdnussbutter auf’s Sandwich geschmiert. Kein „You don’t have the cards…“, was den Tatsachen entsprechen würde.

Auf politischer Ebene bleibt in den USA nichts, rein gar nichts dem Zufall überlassen. Je länger man darüber nachdenkt, desto klarer kann einem werden, dass das Treffen genau so geplant war, wie es sich abgespielt hat. Aber was genau ist der Plan, der dahintersteckt? Es gibt einen, dass ist so sicher, wie das Amen in der Kirche.

Sollen sich die Deutschen, vor allem die deutsche Politik in Sicherheit wiegen? Wenn das Teil eines Planes wäre, wäre er gelungen, denn in Deutschland wird der Besuch als gelungen und erfolgreich bewertet, aus welchen Gründen auch immer. Inzwischen ist Deutschland ja Weltmeister im Schönreden.

Spannend auch die Vorstellung, wenn man die Phantasie anregt, wie das Gespräch, im Fall Merz ein Monolog, verlaufen wäre, wenn die deutsche Opposition auf dem Stuhl von Merz gesessen hätte.

Es widerspräche der Realität, wenn nicht im Hintergrund ganz andere Ziele verfolgt und Absprachen getroffen würden. Welchen Einfluss auf das Treffen hat der bevorstehende NATO-Gipfel am 24. und 25. Juni 2025 in Den Haag?

Es drängt sich immer mehr der Verdacht auf, dass man es mit zwei Realitäten zu tun hat. Eine, die offiziell verkündet wird, und eine, die den Tatsachen entspricht, die aus welchen Gründen auch immer jedoch zunächst noch im Verborgenen bleibt. Ob das vielleicht sogar gut oder eher schlecht ist, wird die Zukunft zeigen. Klar ist jedoch, dass eine gesteuerte Realität in der Öffentlichkeit verbreitet werden soll, die man durchaus als Propaganda von allen Beteiligten bewerten kann. Da hackt eine Krähe der anderen kein Auge aus. Da heißt es wachsam bleiben und nicht der Versuchung zu erliegen, das zu glauben, was man gerne glauben möchte und von dem man sich wünscht, dass es eintritt.

„Bediene Dich Deines eigenen Verstandes.“ Das ist die Aufgabe der Zeit.

“Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.”

* *

(Bild von pixabay)

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

This is the place to reflect on how well you met your ~HealthAndFitness goals today.

Where did you succeed? What do you need to keep working on?

I probably didn't get enough sleep and overcompensated with caffeine. Otherwise, today was pretty solid. Other than a big cookie, I ate well and kept it within a decent window. Activity level was good, not great.

I meant to stretch more today, which I didn't really do, but I suppose I can do now.

https://stacker.news/items/999453

@ 553b8217:e6e84118

Does Bitcoin still Go to the moon~~![image)~~

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

https://youtu.be/YA1Lkl3h9AQ

"...and then, like so many Pacers games, things just happened."

I think that's about as well as any of us understand what's going on.

https://stacker.news/items/999389

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

This article was originally published on aier.org

Even after eleven years experience, and a per Bitcoin price of nearly $20,000, the incredulous are still with us. I understand why. Bitcoin is not like other traditional financial assets.

Even describing it as an asset is misleading. It is not the same as a stock, as a payment system, or a money. It has features of all these but it is not identical to them.

What Bitcoin is depends on its use as a means of storing and porting value, which in turn rests of secure titles to ownership of a scarce good. Those without experience in the sector look at all of this and get frustrated that understanding why it is valuable is not so easy to grasp. 

In this article, I’m updating an analysis I wrote six years ago. It still holds up. For those who don’t want to slog through the entire article, my thesis is that Bitcoin’s value obtains from its underlying technology, which is an open-source ledger that keeps track of ownership rights and permits the transfer of these rights. Bitcoin managed to bundle its unit of account with a payment system that lives on the ledger. That’s its innovation and why it obtained a value and that value continues to rise. 

Consider the criticism offered by traditional gold advocates, who have, for decades, pushed the idea that sound money must be backed by something real, hard, and independently valuable. Bitcoin doesn’t qualify, right? Maybe it does. 

Bitcoin first emerged as a possible competitor to national, government-managed money in 2009. Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper was released October 31, 2008. The structure and language of this paper sent the message: This currency is for computer technicians, not economists nor political pundits. The paper’s circulation was limited; novices who read it were mystified. 

But the lack of interest didn’t stop history from moving forward. Two months later, those who were paying attention saw the emergence of the “Genesis Block,” the first group of bitcoins generated through Nakamoto’s concept of a distributed ledger that lived on any computer node in the world that wanted to host it.

Here we are all these years later and a single bitcoin trades at $18,500. The currency is held and accepted by many thousands of institutions, both online and offline. Its payment system is very popular in poor countries without vast banking infrastructures but also in developed countries. And major institutions—including the Federal Reserve, the OECD, the World Bank, and major investment houses—are paying respectful attention and weaving blockchain technology into their operations.

Enthusiasts, who are found in every country, say that its exchange value will soar even more in the future because its supply is strictly limited and it provides a system vastly superior to government money. Bitcoin is transferred between individuals without a third party. It is relatively low-cost to exchange. It has a predictable supply. It is durable, fungible, and divisible: all crucial features of money. It creates a monetary system that doesn’t depend on trust and identity, much less on central banks and government. It is a new system for the digital age.

Hard lessons for hard money

To those educated in the “hard money” tradition, the whole idea has been a serious challenge. Speaking for myself, I had been reading about bitcoin for two years before I came anywhere close to understanding it. There was just something about the whole idea that bugged me. You can’t make money out of nothing, much less out of computer code. Why does it have value then? There must be something amiss. This is not how we expected money to be reformed.

There’s the problem: our expectations. We should have been paying closer attention to Ludwig von Mises’ theory of money’s origins—not to what we think he wrote, but to what he actually did write. 

In 1912, Mises released The Theory of Money and Credit. It was a huge hit in Europe when it came out in German, and it was translated into English. While covering every aspect of money, his core contribution was in tracing the value and price of money—and not just money itself—to its origins. That is, he explained how money gets its price in terms of the goods and services it obtains. He later called this process the “regression theorem,” and as it turns out, bitcoin satisfies the conditions of the theorem.

Mises’ teacher, Carl Menger, demonstrated that money itself originates from the market—not from the State and not from social contract. It emerges gradually as monetary entrepreneurs seek out an ideal form of commodity for indirect exchange. Instead of merely bartering with each other, people acquire a good not to consume, but to trade. That good becomes money, the most marketable commodity.

But Mises added that the value of money traces backward in time to its value as a bartered commodity. Mises said that this is the only way money can have value.

The theory of the value of money as such can trace back the objective exchange value of money only to that point where it ceases to be the value of money and becomes merely the value of a commodity…. If in this way we continually go farther and farther back we must eventually arrive at a point where we no longer find any component in the objective exchange value of money that arises from valuations based on the function of money as a common medium of exchange; where the value of money is nothing other than the value of an object that is useful in some other way than as money…. Before it was usual to acquire goods in the market, not for personal consumption, but simply in order to exchange them again for the goods that were really wanted, each individual commodity was only accredited with that value given by the subjective valuations based on its direct utility.

Mises’ explanation solved a major problem that had long mystified economists. It is a narrative of conjectural history, and yet it makes perfect sense. Would salt have become money had it otherwise been completely useless? Would beaver pelts have obtained monetary value had they not been useful for clothing? Would silver or gold have had money value if they had no value as commodities first? The answer in all cases of monetary history is clearly no. The initial value of money, before it becomes widely traded as money, originates in its direct utility. It’s an explanation that is demonstrated through historical reconstruction. That’s Mises’ regression theorem.

Bitcoin’s Use Value

At first glance, bitcoin would seem to be an exception. You can’t use a bitcoin for anything other than money. It can’t be worn as jewelry. You can’t make a machine out of it. You can’t eat it or even decorate with it. Its value is only realized as a unit that facilitates indirect exchange. And yet, bitcoin already is money. It’s used every day. You can see the exchanges in real time. It’s not a myth. It’s the real deal.

It might seem like we have to choose. Is Mises wrong? Maybe we have to toss out his whole theory. Or maybe his point was purely historical and doesn’t apply in the future of a digital age. Or maybe his regression theorem is proof that bitcoin is just an empty mania with no staying power, because it can’t be reduced to its value as a useful commodity.

And yet, you don’t have to resort to complicated monetary theory in order to understand the sense of alarm surrounding bitcoin. Many people, as I did, just have a feeling of uneasiness about a money that has no basis in anything physical. Sure, you can print out a bitcoin on a piece of paper, but having a paper with a QR code or a public key is not enough to relieve that sense of unease.

How can we resolve this problem? In my own mind, I toyed with the issue for more than a year. It puzzled me. I wondered if Mises’ insight applied only in a pre-digital age. I followed the speculations online that the value of bitcoin would be zero but for the national currencies into which it is converted. Perhaps the demand for bitcoin overcame the demands of Mises’ scenario because of a desperate need for something other than the dollar.

As time passed—and I read the work of Konrad Graf, Peter Surda, and Daniel Krawisz—finally the resolution came. Bitcoin is both a payment system and a money. The payment system is the source of value, while the accounting unit merely expresses that value in terms of price. The unity of money and payment is its most unusual feature, and the one that most commentators have had trouble wrapping their heads around.

We are all used to thinking of currency as separate from payment systems. This thinking is a reflection of the technological limitations of history. There is the dollar and there are credit cards. There is the euro and there is PayPal. There is the yen and there are wire services. In each case, money transfer relies on third-party service providers. In order to use them, you need to establish what is called a “trust relationship” with them, which is to say that the institution arranging the deal has to believe that you are going to pay.

This wedge between money and payment has always been with us, except for the case of physical proximity.

If I give you a dollar for your pizza slice, there is no third party. But payment systems, third parties, and trust relationships become necessary once you leave geographic proximity. That’s when companies like Visa and institutions like banks become indispensable. They are the application that makes the monetary software do what you want it to do.

The hitch is that

@ a296b972:e5a7a2e8

Wie schon gewohnt durch die Empfänge von Baerbock und von der Leyen im Ausland, in Washington ein Empfang etwas oberhalb der 1. Class, von Staatsempfang keine Spur. Passt eigentlich auch nicht für den 51. Bundesstaat der USA. Aber immerhin flog die „Bundesrepublik Deutschland“ ohne Pannen, das ist ja auch schon mal was. Und bei solch einem erfahrenen Chef-Co-Piloten an Bord, der auch mal schnell einspringen könnte, sozusagen als 2. Wahl, kann eigentlich gar nichts mehr schief gehen. Vielleicht hat Fritzchen den Kapitän auch gefragt, ob er auch mal ans Steuer darf, wenn sich die Gelegenheit schon bietet.

Im Gepäck die eingerahmte Geburtsurkunde von Großvater Trump. Als ob Donald die sich nicht selbst besorgen könnte, wenn er Interesse daran hätte. Vielleicht hat er sie auch schon.

Die Übergabe, kurz und schmerzlos. Sie erinnert an einen Sketch von Loriot, „Weihnachten bei Hoppenstedts“:…oh, eine Krawatte! Der versprochene Ehrenplatz wird sich vermutlich in einer der unteren Etagen des Weißen Hauses befinden.

Man muss auch erst einmal darauf kommen, so typisch deutsch: Eine Geburtsurkunde als Geschenk. Das könnte man auch als einen Wink mit dem Zaunpfahl ansehen: Erinnere Dich an Deine deutschen Wurzeln (und lass uns gefälligst nicht fallen?).

Jetzt zur Einschätzung des Treffens: Vorfahrt mit frisch gewaschenem Auto, Schwarz-Rot-Gold vorne am Kotflügel, wie es sich gehört, Schwarz-Rot-Gold am Eingang. Ganz schön rechts. Warum eigentlich nicht die Regenbogenfahne?

Begrüßung durch Trump auf Nachfrage eines Reporters: „I love the People of Germany.“

Und Merz nutzt die Gelegenheit sich in Biedermeier-Style einzuschmeicheln: „And I love the People of America.“

Und Trump erwidert: „That‘s good!“

In welcher Atmosphäre findet das Treffen statt?

Trump hat ein Elefantengedächtnis. Er weiß um die abwertenden, diplomatiefreien Aussagen, die Merz über ihn gemacht hat. Er weiß, dass Merz ihn mehrfach persönlich beleidigend angegriffen hat. Als Präsident der USA steht man darüber. Aber man weiß es! Trump ist sich darüber im Klaren, mit welcher Geisteshaltung er es bei Merz zu tun hat.

Vor dem Hintergrund passt seine Aussage zur Presse: „Ich liebe die Deutschen.“ Das ist eine demokratische und höfliche Sympathiebekundung gegenüber der deutschen Bevölkerung, die Merz zwar miteinschließt, aber nicht direkt an ihn gerichtet ist.

Trump begrüßt Merz mit Handschlag, begrüßt aber eigentlich nicht den Kanzler, sondern die Deutschen.

Andererseits darf der Äußerung „Ich liebe die Deutschen“ auch nicht zu viel Bedeutung beigemessen werden, denn die Amerikaner sind ja dafür bekannt, dass sie gerne und schnell alles lieben: I love America, I love Coca-Cola, I love Peanuts und eben auch I love the People of Germany.

Merz nutzt gleich die Gelegenheit, sich anzubiedern, in dem er pariert: „Und ich liebe die Amerikaner.“, worauf Trump antwortet: „That’s good!“ Das kann man übersetzen mit „Das ist gut!“, aber auch mit „Das ist auch gut so!“, bei letzterem wäre es eine versteckte Drohung. Mach Dir bewusst, wo Du bist und mit wem Du es zu tun hast und verhalte Dich danach!

Nonverbal wird dem sonst in Deutschland so eloquent wirken wollenden, akzentuiert sprechenden Merz die Bedeutung zugedacht, die ihm aus Sicht von Trump gebührt. In Frankfurt heißen sie Wiener, in Wien heißen sie Frankfurter.

Somit sind die Voraussetzungen, unter denen das Treffen stattfinden soll, schon einmal von amerikanischer Seite aus geklärt.

Du bist hier Gast in meinem Haus, also benimm Dich auch entsprechend! Ich bin der Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und Du bist klein Fritzchen aus dem Sauerland. Die Machtverhältnisse sind unausgesprochen geklärt.

Man hat in gewohnter Manier Platz genommen. Die Journalisten stellen Ihre Fragen ausschließlich an Trump. Zufall, oder Teil einer orchestrierten Aufführung, das wird man nie erfahren.

So oder so, die Journalisten signalisieren durch ihre Fragen an Trump, auf welcher Seite sie stehen, es weht der Geist von „America first“. Was Germany dazu zu sagen hat, interessiert niemanden, warum auch?

Die Einseitigkeit ist schon sehr auffällig. Eigentlich hätte es die Journalisten interessieren müssen, wie Deutschland zu verschiedenen Themen steht. Keine Fragen an Merz zu Zöllen, zur Ukraine, zur Meinungsfreiheit, zur Opposition. Mit dem Anspruch, ein breites Spektrum an Meinungen abbilden zu wollen, hat das eigentlich nichts zu tun. Wenn das die Vorstellung von „Freedom of Speach“ ist, dann können hier Zweifel aufkommen.

Falls diese Fragerunde in Hollywood-Manier gestaltet wurde, dann spräche das eher für Propaganda pro Trump. Wäre es Propaganda, dann wäre das Ziel allerdings erreicht worden: Kein Mensch interessiert sich für das, was Deutschland, vertreten durch Merz, zu sagen hat.

Trump setzt dem Ganzen zum Schluss noch die Krone auf, in dem er die Journalisten auffordert, nun endlich doch auch noch ein paar Fragen an Merz zu richten. Das unterstreicht nochmals das (geplante oder ungeplante) Desinteresse der anwesenden Journalisten, die sich nun fast schon genötigt fühlen, anstandshalber etwas zu fragen.

Merz, der bisher brav wie ein Schüler dem Lehrer zugehört hat, muss nun blitzschnell entscheiden, wie er die „künstlich“ hergestellte Möglichkeit nutzen kann, um, etwas unter Druck, durch die Kürze der Zeit, mit wenigen Worten seinen Standpunkt nach außen zu tragen. Seine konzentrierte Kernbotschaft, die Essenz, die Deutschland aus den USA und die übrige Welt hören soll, ist: Er steht weiter an der Seite der Ukraine und Russland ist ausschließlich das Böse.

Ganz schön raffiniert, denn so hat Trump es geschafft, das Konzentrat der Merz’schen Logik aus ihm herauszupressen.

Beide bekunden den Willen zum Frieden. Gleichzeitig wird jedoch auch klar, was jeder unter Frieden versteht: Merz will „Frieden durch Krieg“ und Trump will „Frieden durch Frieden“.

Auf rund 45 Minuten Trump kommen rund 4 Minuten Merz. Die Minuten drücken exakt die Machtverhältnisse aus.

Hätte Trump vorgehabt, Merz vorzuführen, ihm die Ohren langzuziehen, ihn bis auf die Knochen zu blamieren, er hätte reichlich Möglichkeiten dazu gehabt.

Er hätte Merz fragen können, warum er seinerzeit meinte, dass ihn, Trump, als Arschloch zu bezeichnen, noch gelinde sei. Er hätte ihn fragen können, warum er Trump als Gefahr für die Demokratie ansieht. Trump weiß darum, er hat es jedoch nicht angesprochen, was ist der Grund dafür?

Und Vance, der ebenfalls anwesend war, hätte seine Feststellungen zur Meinungsfreiheit und der „Fire-Wall“ gegen die Opposition, die er auf der Sicherheitskonferenz in München klar formuliert hat, wiederholen können, jetzt, wo doch der Kanzler, als erster Ansprechpartner für Deutschland, persönlich hätte gefragt werden können.

Beim Besuch von Selenskyj haben beide ja auch gewaltig gezeigt, wer hier das Sagen hat.

Nichts! Keine schallende Ohrfeige für Merz, doch nur Erdnussbutter auf’s Sandwich geschmiert. Kein „You don’t have the cards…“, was den Tatsachen entsprechen würde.

Auf politischer Ebene bleibt in den USA nichts, rein gar nichts dem Zufall überlassen. Je länger man darüber nachdenkt, desto klarer kann einem werden, dass das Treffen genau so geplant war, wie es sich abgespielt hat. Aber was genau ist der Plan, der dahintersteckt? Es gibt einen, dass ist so sicher, wie das Amen in der Kirche.

Sollen sich die Deutschen, vor allem die deutsche Politik in Sicherheit wiegen? Wenn das Teil eines Planes wäre, wäre er gelungen, denn in Deutschland wird der Besuch als gelungen und erfolgreich bewertet, aus welchen Gründen auch immer. Inzwischen ist Deutschland ja Weltmeister im Schönreden.

Spannend auch die Vorstellung, wenn man die Phantasie anregt, wie das Gespräch verlaufen wäre, wenn die deutsche Opposition auf dem Stuhl von Merz gesessen hätte.

Es widerspräche der Realität, wenn nicht im Hintergrund ganz andere Ziele verfolgt und Absprachen getroffen würden. Welchen Einfluss auf das Treffen hat der bevorstehende NATO-Gipfel am 24. und 25. Juni 2025 in Den Haag?

Es drängt sich immer mehr der Verdacht auf, dass man es mit zwei Realitäten zu tun hat. Eine, die offiziell verkündet wird, und eine, die den Tatsachen entspricht, die aus welchen Gründen auch immer jedoch zunächst noch im Verborgenen bleibt. Ob das vielleicht sogar gut oder eher schlecht ist, wird die Zukunft zeigen. Klar ist jedoch, dass eine gesteuerte Realität in der Öffentlichkeit verbreitet werden soll, die man durchaus als Propaganda von allen Beteiligten bewerten kann. Da hackt eine Krähe der anderen kein Auge aus. Da heißt es wachsam bleiben und nicht der Versuchung zu erliegen, dass zu glauben, was man gerne glauben möchte und von dem man sich wünscht, dass es eintritt.

„Bediene Dich Deines eigenen Verstandes.“ Das ist die Aufgabe der Zeit.

“Dieser Beitrag wurde mit dem Pareto-Client geschrieben.”

* *

(Bild von pixabay)

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

Nostr is an open communication protocol that can be used to send messages across a distributed set of relays in a censorship resistant and robust way.

---

If you missed my nostr introduction post you can find it here. My nostr account can be found here.

---

We are nearly at the point that if something interesting is posted on a centralized social platform it will usually be posted by someone to nostr.

We are nearly at the point that if something interesting is posted exclusively to nostr it is cross posted by someone to various centralized social platforms.

We are nearly at the point that you can recommend a cross platform app that users can install and easily onboard without additional guides or resources.

As companies continue to build walls around their centralized platforms nostr posts will be the easiest to cross reference and verify - as companies continue to censor their users nostr is the best censorship resistant alternative - gradually then suddenly nostr will become the standard. 🫡

Current Nostr Stats

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 20e7c953:3b8bcb21

21… That number means something. A reminder that limits create value - both in Bitcoin and in life.

Every June 21st, skaters around the world remind us that freedom is something you make yourself - one push at a time only constrained by your own limitations.

This year in Vientiane, we’re proud to support one of the few real skate spots in Laos. A place built and held together by skaters for skaters.

Expect around 50 locals - from young kids to older heads - showing up not just to skate, but to hold space for each other. No ego, no filters, just boards, fun and respect.

Bircoiners have lots to learn from these communities on this regard. Go skate and you'll find out.

SnF

Laostr

Skateboardingisfun

Skate4Fun

Skatestr

@ 3eab247c:1d80aeed

Global Metrics

Here are the top stats from the last period:

• Total Bitcoin-accepting merchants: 15,306 → 16,284
• Recently verified (1y): 7,540 → 7,803 (the rest of our dataset is slowly rotting; help us before it's too late!)
• Avg. days since last verification: 398 → 405 (more mappers, please)
• Merchants boosted: 22 (for a total of 4,325 days, someone is feeling generous)
• Comments posted: 34

Find current stats over at the 👉 BTC Map Dashboard.

Merchant Adoption

Steak n’ Shake

The US 🇺🇸 is a massive country, yet its BTC Map footprint has been lagging relative to other countries ... that is until now!

In what came as a nice surprise to our Shadowy Supertaggers 🫠, the Steak ’n Shake chain began accepting Bitcoin payments across hundreds of its locations nationwide (with some international locations too).

According to CoinDesk, the rollout has been smooth, with users reporting seamless transactions powered by Speed.

This marks a significant step towards broader Bitcoin adoption in the US. Now to drop the capital gains tax on cheesburgers!

SPAR Switzerland

In other chain/franchise adoption news, the first SPAR supermarket in Switzerland 🇨🇭 to begin accepting Bitcoin was this one in Zug. It was quickly followed by this one in Rossrüti and this one in Kreuzlingen, in what is believed to be part of a wider roll-out plan within the country powered by DFX's Open CryptoPay.

That said, we believe the OG SPAR crown goes to SPAR City in Arnhem Bitcoin City!

New Features

Merchant Comments in the Web App

Web App users are now on par with Android users in that they can both see and make comments on merchants.

This is powered by our tweaked API that enables anyone to make a comment as long as they pass the satswall fee of 500 sats. This helps keep spam manageable and ensure quality comments.

And just in case you were wondering what the number count was on the merchant pins - yep, they're comments!

Here is an 👉 Example merchant page with comments.

Merchant Page Design Tweaks

To support the now trio of actions (Verify, Boost & Comment) on the merchant page, we've re-jigged the design a little to make things a little clearer.

What do you think?

Technical

Codebase Refactoring

Thanks to Hannes’s contributions, we’ve made progress in cleaning-up the Web App's codebase and completing long overdue maintenance. Whilst often thankless tasks, these caretaking activities help immensely with long-term maintainability enabling us to confidently build new features.

Auth System Upgrades

The old auth system was held together with duct tape and prayers, and we’re working on a more robust authentication system to support future public API access. Updates include:

• Password hashing
• Bearer token support
• Improved security practices

More enhancements are in progress and we'll update you in the next blog post.

Better API Documentation

Instead of relying on tribal knowledge, we're finally getting around to writing actual docs (with the help/hindrance of LLMs). The "move fast, break everything" era is over; now we move slightly slower and break slightly less. Progress!

Database Improvements

We use SQLite, which works well but it requires careful handling in async Rust environments. So now we're untangling this mess to avoid accidental blocking queries (and the ensuing dumpster fires).

Backup System Enhancements

BTC Map data comes in three layers of fragility:

• Merchants (backed up by OS - the big boys handle this)
• Non-OSM stuff (areas, users, etc. - currently stored on a napkin)
• External systems (Lightning node, submission tickets - pray to Satoshi)

We're now forcing two core members to backup everything, because redundancy is good.

Credits

Thanks to everyone who directly contributed to the project this period:

• Comino
• descubrebitcoin
• Hannes
• Igor Bubelov
• Nathan Day
• Rockedf
• Saunter
• SiriusBig
• vv01f

Support Us

There are many ways in which you can support us:

• Become a Shadowy Supertagger and help maintain your local area or pitch-in with the never-ending global effort.

• Consider a zapping this note or make a donation to the to the project here.