@ 03612b0e:afd71216

c-lightning-REST with Tailscale on Start9

This guide gives you commands to run additional containers on Start9. This is not officially supported and will break on reboot. You can always run the containers again to restore the setup. The containers are used to provide access, via Tailscale, to Core Lightning's c-lightning-REST plugin

Start9 setup

1. In your Start9 dashboard, make sure you have C-Lightning-REST enabled.
   • Services > Core Lightning > Config > Advanced > Plugins > C-Lightning-REST
2. SSH to your Start9, see documentation for help: https://docs.start9.com/0.3.5.x/user-manual/ssh
3. Access the root account: sudo -i
4. Run tailscaled and alpine/socat containers:

podman run -d \ --name=tailscaled.embassy \ -v /dev/net/tun:/dev/net/tun \ -v /var/lib:/var/lib \ -e TS_HOSTNAME=tailscaled \ --network=host \ --cap-add=NET_ADMIN \ --cap-add=NET_RAW \ docker.io/tailscale/tailscale:stable

podman run -d \ --name=socat.embassy \ --publish 4321:1234 \ --network=start9 \ docker.io/alpine/socat \ tcp-listen:1234,fork,reuseaddr tcp:c-lightning.embassy:3001

• Note, if you see errors related to /root/.docker/config.json or Unexpected end of JSON, run echo '{}' > /root/.docker/config.json

• Check the status of tailscaled and log in

``` podman exec tailscaled.embassy tailscale --socket /tmp/tailscaled.sock status

example output

Logged out. Log in at: https://login.tailscale.com/a/1fa8e293dfd108

```

Zeus wallet setup

1. On your phone, connect to Tailscale
2. On your Start9, copy your REST Macaroon (Hex) for Zeus wallet setup
   • Services > Core Lightning > Properties > REST Properties > REST Macaroon (Hex)
3. In Zeus wallet, add a new node
   • Settings > (tap the active node) > +

Setting | Value ---|--- Node interface | Core Lightning (c-lightning-Rest) Host | tailscaled.YOUR_TAILNET_DOMAIN Macaroon (Hex format) | see last step REST Port | 4321 Certificate Verification | disabled

SAVE NODE CONFIG

• Note, you can find YOUR_TAILNET_DOMAN at https://login.tailscale.com/admin/dns

Enjoy!

@ ec0d8d50:74e4c93e

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@ 0e95a7a7:21caf82b

Over the past year, Chingari has emerged as a dark horse in the SocialFi field, showcasing a remarkable growth trajectory. According to the data presented, since May 2023, Chingari has experienced significant fluctuations and growth in its independent active user count (UAW), transaction volume, and number of transactions. Particularly at the beginning of 2024, Chingari witnessed several substantial increases in user activity and transaction volume, demonstrating its strong performance in the market.

According to Coin98 Analytics, in the past 30 days, Chingari ranks seventh in the number of independent active addresses, with a total of 777K, indicating its gradually solidifying position in the SocialFi app landscape. This achievement not only reflects Chingari’s breakthroughs in technology and product development, but also highlights its precise understanding of user demands and market trends.

Whether in the Web2 or Web3 world, social applications have become a necessity for users, and Chingari has gradually attracted a large number of users’ attention and participation with its unique operating model and innovative features. Next, we will delve into an analysis of Chingari’s operational strategies and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

Chingari Platform Overview: Indian Innovative Short Video Social App with Impressive Incentive Mechanisms and User Growth Chingari is a popular short video social application that has quickly gained prominence in the Indian market since its launch in 2020. Similar to China’s TikTok, Chingari allows users to earn rewards by creating and sharing short video content. With its innovative features and reward mechanisms, Chingari has attracted a large number of users, forming a massive community with over 175 million current users.

Expanding User Base

Chingari’s vision is to become the best short video sharing platform for users, dedicated to providing opportunities for talented individuals to showcase themselves. Users can capture and share perfect videos to showcase themselves to the world. Currently, Chingari boasts over 50 million users and 160 million views, with downloads exceeding 130 million times. The platform offers multiple language versions to enable more people to use this popular new platform and emphasizes protecting user data and security to ensure users can use it with peace of mind.

Innovative Reward Mechanisms

Chingari not only provides a platform to showcase talent but also incentivizes user participation in content creation through various means. Users can earn GARI tokens by watching, sharing, and creating video content. These tokens can be used to unlock special content from creators or purchase voice or video call experiences with creators. By staking idle assets in the wallet, users can also earn additional rewards. This “create and earn” and “participate and earn” mechanism greatly stimulates user enthusiasm and promotes platform activity.

Financing and Development

In just a few years, Chingari has achieved significant milestones. In 2021, Chingari raised $19 million in funding and was ranked as India’s number one social networking app in the Indian government’s “App Innovation Challenge.” In May 2022, Chingari completed a $15 million Series A expansion round of financing, providing a solid foundation for further development. In the future, Chingari plans to launch integrated beta testing and live testing of blockchain, further enriching user experience and driving the platform’s continued development.

Through these efforts, Chingari is continuously reshaping the social media landscape, providing users with better experiences and more opportunities. Chingari’s success is not only a breakthrough in technology and products but also a precise understanding of user needs and market trends. Next, we will delve into the operational strategies of Chingari and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

In-depth Analysis of Chingari’s Integration with Kana Labs Paymaster: A Crucial Layout for Decentralized Social Media Innovation and Integration: Chingari’s Latest Move

On February 23, 2024, Chingari, a leading short video sharing platform in the Web3 space, announced its integration with Kana Labs Paymaster service, offering sponsored transactions covering gas fees. This move aims to further optimize user experience, lower the barrier of entry for users, and foster widespread adoption of the platform. Since its establishment in 2018, Chingari has been dedicated to empowering creators through NFT technology, providing content ownership management, and now boasts nearly 5 million daily active users with a daily video viewing count of up to 200 million.

The Significance of Paymaster Technology

Paymaster is a blockchain infrastructure that allows companies or third-party entities to store tokens for sponsoring transactions. This means that any dApp integrated with Paymaster technology can provide its users with a seamless transaction experience without the complexity of gas fees. Paymaster accounts hold various tokens used to pay for transaction fees, enabling these dApps to cover the gas fees for transactions, thus simplifying the user’s operational process.

Kana Labs’ Paymaster service is widely recognized for its efficiency and reliability and is recommended by Aptos Labs as the preferred choice for dApp integration. Chingari chose to partner with Kana Labs not only for its advantages in the multi-chain ecosystem but also for Kana Labs’ excellent performance in cross-chain solutions and smart wallet capabilities. By integrating Kana Labs Paymaster service, Chingari can effectively reduce users’ transaction costs, enhance platform scalability, and improve user satisfaction.

The Future of Decentralized Ecosystems

Chingari, initially built on the Solana network, has now migrated to the Aptos network to leverage its higher scalability and lower gas fees. This multi-chain strategy ensures Chingari’s leading position in both technological innovation and user experience. Since mid-February 2024, Chingari has sponsored over 800,000 transactions through the Kana Labs Paymaster service. This integration not only enhances the platform’s decentralized transaction management capabilities but also enables users to enjoy a more convenient Web3 experience.

In the future, as Kana Labs continues to expand its services in the multi-chain ecosystem, Chingari will be able to achieve greater market penetration and technical integration on a global scale. Through this collaboration, Chingari not only enhances its own competitiveness but also sets new benchmarks for the development of decentralized social media. This move by Chingari heralds more innovation and transformation for decentralized social platforms in the future.

Chingari’s Multi-Pronged Approach Leads to Comprehensive Improvement in User Engagement and Platform Functionality Web3 social media enthusiasts are well aware that Chingari, as a leading short video sharing platform, has gained significant influence both within and outside the Web3 community. Specifically, Chingari has made remarkable progress in several areas, making waves in the market:

Firstly, in terms of user incentives, Chingari has significantly increased user engagement through a series of reward mechanisms. For example, on May 10, 2024, Chingari announced the “Refer and Earn Leaderboard Contest” on the X platform, with a prize pool of up to $100,000 in GARI tokens. This initiative encourages users to refer new users and stay active on the platform, with referrers earning 100 $GARI for each successful referral and referees earning 50 $GARI. This initiative not only promotes user growth but also enhances community interaction.

In terms of platform operations, Chingari has adopted a strategy of regularly burning GARI tokens to control token supply and increase their scarcity. On May 13, 2024, Chingari announced the successful burning of 500,000 GARI tokens, worth approximately $11,000, reducing the total supply by 1.61%. This burning mechanism effectively enhances token value and boosts user confidence in the platform’s long-term development.

Additionally, Chingari has introduced several advanced trading tools, enhancing the user trading experience. On May 30, 2024, the platform launched DEX aggregation functionality, providing better trading options through Raydium and Meteor. Meanwhile, users can utilize limit orders and Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) automated investment strategies to better control their trading and investment plans. By staking GARI tokens, users not only gain voting rights but also participate in platform governance, voting on proposals, thereby enhancing their involvement in platform decisions.

To further enhance user experience and platform functionality, Chingari plans to launch perpetual contract trading using Drift.trade and Raydium liquidity on July 5, 2024. Additionally, users can borrow other cryptocurrencies using GARI or SOL tokens as collateral until July 30, 2024, unlocking more liquidity and improving asset utilization efficiency.

Overall, through these strategies and feature innovations, Chingari has not only successfully expanded its user base and platform functionality diversity but also demonstrated its forward-looking layout and innovative spirit in the Web3 social media field. However, despite these measures showing strong growth potential, future market changes and user demands remain uncertain. Whether Chingari can maintain its leading position in the fierce competition in the future remains to be seen.

@ 52387c6b:49dbdfb2

Chef's notes

Easy start to the day, can also put some Woostr in your Bloody Mary. Perfect for washing down the toast. Breakfast of champions. If you have some sharp cheddar you can melt this on the toast, altho this may prove too complex for the average bloke, just an option. Be mindful this will add significant prep and cook time. 2-3 minutes

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 sec
• 🍳 Cook time: 2 min
• 🍽️ Servings: 1

Ingredients

• 2 slices of bread
• Butter
• Woostr sauce
• Bloody Mary

Directions

1. Toast bread to your liking, lather a dollop of butter on. Criss cross the toast with a butter knife ( so the woostr dont roll off) and then drizzle on woostr.

@ ec0d8d50:74e4c93e

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@ 6389be64:ef439d32

Lynn Margulis suggests that evolving life is predicated upon the cooperation of cells and not competition. Symbiosis, not mutation, drives evolution by transferring whole genes from cell to cell instead of random point mutations in organisms' basic instruction set.

What if developers of Bitcoin, nostr, etc. reject (for the time being) modern market competition and embrace collaboration? Forming companies for profit seem to be flashing a target for regulatory pressures at this time.

@ 0e95a7a7:21caf82b

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, major platforms are accelerating the construction and expansion of their ecosystems. In early May, Neon significantly boosted its ecosystem capabilities and development through two key initiatives: launching the Lumen Money protocol and forming a strategic partnership with Eclipse. These moves not only strengthened Neon’s market position but also brought new opportunities and functionalities to its user and developer communities.

Firstly, the launch of Lumen Money provides Neon users with a new decentralized lending platform, allowing them to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies in a trustless manner. The protocol automates the lending process through smart contracts, with interest rates determined by dynamic algorithms based on the supply and demand of various supported cryptocurrencies. Additionally, since Lumen Money is deployed on Neon EVM, it can directly access the native liquidity of the Solana ecosystem and leverage its network advantages, significantly enhancing transaction efficiency and user experience.

Secondly, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in blockchain network interoperability. This partnership successfully overcomes the compatibility barrier between EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and SVM (Solana Virtual Machine) by integrating the mature technology suite, Neon Stack, developed by the core team at Neon EVM. This move not only enhances compatibility between EVM and SVM but also creates more possibilities for developers and users, driving the development and deployment of innovative applications.

Through these strategic initiatives, Neon not only strengthens its technical foundation but also provides its user and developer community with broader operational scope and more efficient tools. This demonstrates its firm commitment to advancing the forefront of blockchain technology and promoting ecosystem diversity. Below, we will briefly analyze the potential impact of launching the Lumen Money protocol and collaborating with Eclipse on Neon’s development.

Launching Lumen Money: A Revolutionary Lending Protocol Lumen Money is a brand-new decentralized finance (DeFi) platform that offers users a trustless lending environment. The core of this platform lies in its smart contracts, which automatically handle all lending activities and adjust interest rates in real-time based on market supply and demand dynamics.

Deployed on Neon EVM, Lumen Money can seamlessly integrate into the Solana ecosystem, providing platform users with native liquidity advantages while fully leveraging Solana’s network features. Utilizing the Compound Finance codebase, Lumen Money establishes a comprehensive money market, allowing Solana users to borrow and lend funds directly from its rich asset pool.

The platform employs an over-collateralized lending model, meaning borrowers need to provide assets worth more than the loan amount as collateral. This approach enhances the security of the lending process. Borrowers can deposit their crypto assets into Lumen’s lending pools and earn interest on these assets. The interest rates are determined by a utilization-based rate curve model, initially pioneered by Compound Finance.

To improve user experience and security, Lumen Money offers a diverse range of money market options, including popular assets like ETH, SOL, USDT, and USDC. Additionally, Lumen Money plans to gradually add more asset classes, including long-tail assets that can be utilized in isolated lending pools. The platform integrates top-tier oracle services like Pyth and Chainlink and implements time locks and multi-signature mechanisms for core contracts to ensure secure and reliable transactions.

Moreover, Lumen Money has introduced the Lumen Loyalty Points system to encourage user lending activities and platform engagement. These points reflect users’ contributions to the Lumen ecosystem, with a portion allocated for community airdrops and another portion used for community incentives and revenue-sharing models.

As the Neon EVM ecosystem continues to grow, Lumen Money’s participation undeniably brings broader application scenarios and deeper market engagement to the Neon platform. This not only enhances Neon’s market competitiveness but also offers its users a more diverse range of financial tools and services, showcasing Neon’s proactive stance and capability in driving blockchain financial innovation.

Neon and Eclipse Collaborate to Overcome EVM and SVM Compatibility Barriers In the rapidly evolving blockchain technology landscape, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in compatibility between two major ecosystems. Through this strategic alliance, Eclipse becomes the first platform to integrate the Neon Stack, achieving seamless compatibility between the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM). This accomplishment not only enhances the technical interoperability of the two platforms but also opens up new possibilities for developers and users, significantly advancing Web3’s penetration into the mainstream market.

Eclipse leverages its unique L2 modular design, combining Solana’s high-performance processing capabilities with Ethereum’s settlement features, to create a high-performance platform capable of handling large-scale transactions. The introduction of the Neon Stack provides crucial technical support to this structure, enabling SVM-based Eclipse to support native Ethereum dApps. This technological fusion resolves the long-standing incompatibility issue between EVM and SVM, allowing developers to deploy existing Ethereum applications on Solana without the need for extensive rewrites, while benefiting from lower transaction fees and faster processing speeds.

The Neon Stack itself is a comprehensive technological solution, including key components such as the Neon EVM smart contracts and Neon Proxy. These technologies not only simplify the process of transitioning from EVM to SVM but also enable Ethereum developers to seamlessly migrate to Solana by providing standard Web3 APIs. Additionally, the Neon Stack has been running on the Solana mainnet since July 2023, confirming its stability and efficiency.

This collaboration makes Eclipse the first platform in the market to leverage the advantages of both the Ethereum and Solana ecosystems simultaneously. Neel Somani, the founder and CEO of Eclipse Labs, stated, “Through our partnership with Neon Stack, we provide a platform for Solidity developers looking to build on high-performance Layer 2 solutions to realize their vision.” This integration not only strengthens the technical collaboration between the two platforms but also provides developers with a powerful tool to expand their applications without sacrificing performance.

Davide Menegaldo, Chief Business Officer of the Neon Foundation, added, “This collaboration is not just about technical integration but also about the convergence of two powerful ecosystems, providing a seamless experience for developers and users.” This technological collaboration and development signal a move towards broader applicability and acceptance of blockchain technology, offering a possible blueprint for the development of other platforms and applications within the industry.

Over the next few months, this collaborative relationship is expected to be fully realized through multiple rounds of testing and optimization. This will not only enhance interoperability for developers and users but also drive the widespread adoption of Web3 technology. Through this unprecedented technological collaboration, Neon and Eclipse are committed to building a more open, interoperable, and efficient blockchain ecosystem.

Leading the future: Innovative protocols and strategic partnerships drive a new blockchain landscape As a witness to the continuous evolution of blockchain technology, Neon has once again demonstrated its leadership in advancing the forefront of technology and expanding the ecosystem through the launch of the Lumen Money protocol and its strategic partnership with Eclipse. These initiatives not only bring technological innovation and market advantages to Neon but also open up new possibilities and opportunities for users and developer communities, potentially reshaping the way decentralized finance and application development are conducted.

However, Neon’s ambitions extend far beyond this. With the continuous maturation and expansion of the Neon EVM ecosystem, the company plans to continue driving innovation in its technology and services, aiming to become a leading platform in the blockchain space. By becoming a key player in the DeFi space with Lumen Money and accelerating blockchain interoperability through collaboration with Eclipse, Neon is steadily establishing its important position in the Web3 world.

Furthermore, as more developers and users experience the convenience and efficiency provided by Neon, the Neon EVM and its partner Eclipse will continue to be drivers of innovation, not only pushing forward blockchain technology but also building the Web3 revolution. This is just the beginning, and looking ahead, Neon is poised to lead more groundbreaking technological advancements, driving the entire blockchain industry towards broader applications and mainstream adoption.

@ 99fad67a:6f7fdea1

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, major platforms are accelerating the construction and expansion of their ecosystems. In early May, Neon significantly boosted its ecosystem capabilities and development through two key initiatives: launching the Lumen Money protocol and forming a strategic partnership with Eclipse. These moves not only strengthened Neon’s market position but also brought new opportunities and functionalities to its user and developer communities.

Firstly, the launch of Lumen Money provides Neon users with a new decentralized lending platform, allowing them to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies in a trustless manner. The protocol automates the lending process through smart contracts, with interest rates determined by dynamic algorithms based on the supply and demand of various supported cryptocurrencies. Additionally, since Lumen Money is deployed on Neon EVM, it can directly access the native liquidity of the Solana ecosystem and leverage its network advantages, significantly enhancing transaction efficiency and user experience.

Secondly, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in blockchain network interoperability. This partnership successfully overcomes the compatibility barrier between EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and SVM (Solana Virtual Machine) by integrating the mature technology suite, Neon Stack, developed by the core team at Neon EVM. This move not only enhances compatibility between EVM and SVM but also creates more possibilities for developers and users, driving the development and deployment of innovative applications.

Through these strategic initiatives, Neon not only strengthens its technical foundation but also provides its user and developer community with broader operational scope and more efficient tools. This demonstrates its firm commitment to advancing the forefront of blockchain technology and promoting ecosystem diversity. Below, we will briefly analyze the potential impact of launching the Lumen Money protocol and collaborating with Eclipse on Neon’s development.

Launching Lumen Money: A Revolutionary Lending Protocol Lumen Money is a brand-new decentralized finance (DeFi) platform that offers users a trustless lending environment. The core of this platform lies in its smart contracts, which automatically handle all lending activities and adjust interest rates in real-time based on market supply and demand dynamics.

Deployed on Neon EVM, Lumen Money can seamlessly integrate into the Solana ecosystem, providing platform users with native liquidity advantages while fully leveraging Solana’s network features. Utilizing the Compound Finance codebase, Lumen Money establishes a comprehensive money market, allowing Solana users to borrow and lend funds directly from its rich asset pool.

The platform employs an over-collateralized lending model, meaning borrowers need to provide assets worth more than the loan amount as collateral. This approach enhances the security of the lending process. Borrowers can deposit their crypto assets into Lumen’s lending pools and earn interest on these assets. The interest rates are determined by a utilization-based rate curve model, initially pioneered by Compound Finance.

To improve user experience and security, Lumen Money offers a diverse range of money market options, including popular assets like ETH, SOL, USDT, and USDC. Additionally, Lumen Money plans to gradually add more asset classes, including long-tail assets that can be utilized in isolated lending pools. The platform integrates top-tier oracle services like Pyth and Chainlink and implements time locks and multi-signature mechanisms for core contracts to ensure secure and reliable transactions.

Moreover, Lumen Money has introduced the Lumen Loyalty Points system to encourage user lending activities and platform engagement. These points reflect users’ contributions to the Lumen ecosystem, with a portion allocated for community airdrops and another portion used for community incentives and revenue-sharing models.

As the Neon EVM ecosystem continues to grow, Lumen Money’s participation undeniably brings broader application scenarios and deeper market engagement to the Neon platform. This not only enhances Neon’s market competitiveness but also offers its users a more diverse range of financial tools and services, showcasing Neon’s proactive stance and capability in driving blockchain financial innovation.

Neon and Eclipse Collaborate to Overcome EVM and SVM Compatibility Barriers In the rapidly evolving blockchain technology landscape, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in compatibility between two major ecosystems. Through this strategic alliance, Eclipse becomes the first platform to integrate the Neon Stack, achieving seamless compatibility between the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM). This accomplishment not only enhances the technical interoperability of the two platforms but also opens up new possibilities for developers and users, significantly advancing Web3’s penetration into the mainstream market.

Eclipse leverages its unique L2 modular design, combining Solana’s high-performance processing capabilities with Ethereum’s settlement features, to create a high-performance platform capable of handling large-scale transactions. The introduction of the Neon Stack provides crucial technical support to this structure, enabling SVM-based Eclipse to support native Ethereum dApps. This technological fusion resolves the long-standing incompatibility issue between EVM and SVM, allowing developers to deploy existing Ethereum applications on Solana without the need for extensive rewrites, while benefiting from lower transaction fees and faster processing speeds.

The Neon Stack itself is a comprehensive technological solution, including key components such as the Neon EVM smart contracts and Neon Proxy. These technologies not only simplify the process of transitioning from EVM to SVM but also enable Ethereum developers to seamlessly migrate to Solana by providing standard Web3 APIs. Additionally, the Neon Stack has been running on the Solana mainnet since July 2023, confirming its stability and efficiency.

This collaboration makes Eclipse the first platform in the market to leverage the advantages of both the Ethereum and Solana ecosystems simultaneously. Neel Somani, the founder and CEO of Eclipse Labs, stated, “Through our partnership with Neon Stack, we provide a platform for Solidity developers looking to build on high-performance Layer 2 solutions to realize their vision.” This integration not only strengthens the technical collaboration between the two platforms but also provides developers with a powerful tool to expand their applications without sacrificing performance.

Davide Menegaldo, Chief Business Officer of the Neon Foundation, added, “This collaboration is not just about technical integration but also about the convergence of two powerful ecosystems, providing a seamless experience for developers and users.” This technological collaboration and development signal a move towards broader applicability and acceptance of blockchain technology, offering a possible blueprint for the development of other platforms and applications within the industry.

Over the next few months, this collaborative relationship is expected to be fully realized through multiple rounds of testing and optimization. This will not only enhance interoperability for developers and users but also drive the widespread adoption of Web3 technology. Through this unprecedented technological collaboration, Neon and Eclipse are committed to building a more open, interoperable, and efficient blockchain ecosystem.

Leading the future: Innovative protocols and strategic partnerships drive a new blockchain landscape As a witness to the continuous evolution of blockchain technology, Neon has once again demonstrated its leadership in advancing the forefront of technology and expanding the ecosystem through the launch of the Lumen Money protocol and its strategic partnership with Eclipse. These initiatives not only bring technological innovation and market advantages to Neon but also open up new possibilities and opportunities for users and developer communities, potentially reshaping the way decentralized finance and application development are conducted.

However, Neon’s ambitions extend far beyond this. With the continuous maturation and expansion of the Neon EVM ecosystem, the company plans to continue driving innovation in its technology and services, aiming to become a leading platform in the blockchain space. By becoming a key player in the DeFi space with Lumen Money and accelerating blockchain interoperability through collaboration with Eclipse, Neon is steadily establishing its important position in the Web3 world.

Furthermore, as more developers and users experience the convenience and efficiency provided by Neon, the Neon EVM and its partner Eclipse will continue to be drivers of innovation, not only pushing forward blockchain technology but also building the Web3 revolution. This is just the beginning, and looking ahead, Neon is poised to lead more groundbreaking technological advancements, driving the entire blockchain industry towards broader applications and mainstream adoption.

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

Chef's notes

For the dough, combine the water, yeast, honey, and olive oil in the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with a dough hook. Add 3 cups flour, then the salt, and mix. While mixing, add 1 more cup of flour, or enough to make a soft dough. Knead the dough on low to medium speed for about 10 minutes until smooth, sprinkling it with flour, if necessary, to keep it from sticking to the bowl. When the dough is ready, turn it out onto a floured board and knead by hand a dozen times. It should be smooth and elastic. Place the dough in a well-oiled bowl and turn it several times to cover it lightly with oil. Cover the bowl with a kitchen towel. Allow the dough to rest at room temperature for 30 minutes.

Divide the dough into 6 equal parts and roll each one into a smooth ball. Place the balls on a baking sheet and cover them with a damp towel. Allow the dough to rest for 10 minutes. Use immediately, or refrigerate for up to 4 hours.

If you've chilled the dough, take it out of the refrigerator approximately 30 minutes ahead to let it come to room temperature. Roll and stretch each ball into a rough 8-inch circle and place them all on baking sheets sprinkled with cornmeal. (You will be able to fit 2 pizzas on each 18 by 13-inch baking sheet.) You may also use a cast iron skillet if so desired.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 45 minutes
• 🍳 Cook time: 15 minutes
• 🍽️ Servings: 6

Ingredients

• 1 1/4 cups warm (100 to 110 degrees F) water
• 2 packages dry yeast
• 1 tablespoon honey
• 3 tablespoons good olive oil
• 4 cups all-purpose flour, plus extra for kneading
• 2 teaspoons kosher salt

Directions

1. Preheat the oven to 500 degrees
2. Bake for 10 to 15 minutes, depending on your desired level of crisp.

@ 99fad67a:6f7fdea1

Over the past year, Chingari has emerged as a dark horse in the SocialFi field, showcasing a remarkable growth trajectory. According to the data presented, since May 2023, Chingari has experienced significant fluctuations and growth in its independent active user count (UAW), transaction volume, and number of transactions. Particularly at the beginning of 2024, Chingari witnessed several substantial increases in user activity and transaction volume, demonstrating its strong performance in the market.

According to Coin98 Analytics, in the past 30 days, Chingari ranks seventh in the number of independent active addresses, with a total of 777K, indicating its gradually solidifying position in the SocialFi app landscape. This achievement not only reflects Chingari’s breakthroughs in technology and product development, but also highlights its precise understanding of user demands and market trends.

Whether in the Web2 or Web3 world, social applications have become a necessity for users, and Chingari has gradually attracted a large number of users’ attention and participation with its unique operating model and innovative features. Next, we will delve into an analysis of Chingari’s operational strategies and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

Chingari Platform Overview: Indian Innovative Short Video Social App with Impressive Incentive Mechanisms and User Growth Chingari is a popular short video social application that has quickly gained prominence in the Indian market since its launch in 2020. Similar to China’s TikTok, Chingari allows users to earn rewards by creating and sharing short video content. With its innovative features and reward mechanisms, Chingari has attracted a large number of users, forming a massive community with over 175 million current users.

Expanding User Base

Chingari’s vision is to become the best short video sharing platform for users, dedicated to providing opportunities for talented individuals to showcase themselves. Users can capture and share perfect videos to showcase themselves to the world. Currently, Chingari boasts over 50 million users and 160 million views, with downloads exceeding 130 million times. The platform offers multiple language versions to enable more people to use this popular new platform and emphasizes protecting user data and security to ensure users can use it with peace of mind.

Innovative Reward Mechanisms

Chingari not only provides a platform to showcase talent but also incentivizes user participation in content creation through various means. Users can earn GARI tokens by watching, sharing, and creating video content. These tokens can be used to unlock special content from creators or purchase voice or video call experiences with creators. By staking idle assets in the wallet, users can also earn additional rewards. This “create and earn” and “participate and earn” mechanism greatly stimulates user enthusiasm and promotes platform activity.

Financing and Development

In just a few years, Chingari has achieved significant milestones. In 2021, Chingari raised $19 million in funding and was ranked as India’s number one social networking app in the Indian government’s “App Innovation Challenge.” In May 2022, Chingari completed a $15 million Series A expansion round of financing, providing a solid foundation for further development. In the future, Chingari plans to launch integrated beta testing and live testing of blockchain, further enriching user experience and driving the platform’s continued development.

Through these efforts, Chingari is continuously reshaping the social media landscape, providing users with better experiences and more opportunities. Chingari’s success is not only a breakthrough in technology and products but also a precise understanding of user needs and market trends. Next, we will delve into the operational strategies of Chingari and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

In-depth Analysis of Chingari’s Integration with Kana Labs Paymaster: A Crucial Layout for Decentralized Social Media Innovation and Integration: Chingari’s Latest Move

On February 23, 2024, Chingari, a leading short video sharing platform in the Web3 space, announced its integration with Kana Labs Paymaster service, offering sponsored transactions covering gas fees. This move aims to further optimize user experience, lower the barrier of entry for users, and foster widespread adoption of the platform. Since its establishment in 2018, Chingari has been dedicated to empowering creators through NFT technology, providing content ownership management, and now boasts nearly 5 million daily active users with a daily video viewing count of up to 200 million.

The Significance of Paymaster Technology

Paymaster is a blockchain infrastructure that allows companies or third-party entities to store tokens for sponsoring transactions. This means that any dApp integrated with Paymaster technology can provide its users with a seamless transaction experience without the complexity of gas fees. Paymaster accounts hold various tokens used to pay for transaction fees, enabling these dApps to cover the gas fees for transactions, thus simplifying the user’s operational process.

Kana Labs’ Paymaster service is widely recognized for its efficiency and reliability and is recommended by Aptos Labs as the preferred choice for dApp integration. Chingari chose to partner with Kana Labs not only for its advantages in the multi-chain ecosystem but also for Kana Labs’ excellent performance in cross-chain solutions and smart wallet capabilities. By integrating Kana Labs Paymaster service, Chingari can effectively reduce users’ transaction costs, enhance platform scalability, and improve user satisfaction.

The Future of Decentralized Ecosystems

Chingari, initially built on the Solana network, has now migrated to the Aptos network to leverage its higher scalability and lower gas fees. This multi-chain strategy ensures Chingari’s leading position in both technological innovation and user experience. Since mid-February 2024, Chingari has sponsored over 800,000 transactions through the Kana Labs Paymaster service. This integration not only enhances the platform’s decentralized transaction management capabilities but also enables users to enjoy a more convenient Web3 experience.

In the future, as Kana Labs continues to expand its services in the multi-chain ecosystem, Chingari will be able to achieve greater market penetration and technical integration on a global scale. Through this collaboration, Chingari not only enhances its own competitiveness but also sets new benchmarks for the development of decentralized social media. This move by Chingari heralds more innovation and transformation for decentralized social platforms in the future.

Chingari’s Multi-Pronged Approach Leads to Comprehensive Improvement in User Engagement and Platform Functionality Web3 social media enthusiasts are well aware that Chingari, as a leading short video sharing platform, has gained significant influence both within and outside the Web3 community. Specifically, Chingari has made remarkable progress in several areas, making waves in the market:

Firstly, in terms of user incentives, Chingari has significantly increased user engagement through a series of reward mechanisms. For example, on May 10, 2024, Chingari announced the “Refer and Earn Leaderboard Contest” on the X platform, with a prize pool of up to $100,000 in GARI tokens. This initiative encourages users to refer new users and stay active on the platform, with referrers earning 100 $GARI for each successful referral and referees earning 50 $GARI. This initiative not only promotes user growth but also enhances community interaction.

In terms of platform operations, Chingari has adopted a strategy of regularly burning GARI tokens to control token supply and increase their scarcity. On May 13, 2024, Chingari announced the successful burning of 500,000 GARI tokens, worth approximately $11,000, reducing the total supply by 1.61%. This burning mechanism effectively enhances token value and boosts user confidence in the platform’s long-term development.

Additionally, Chingari has introduced several advanced trading tools, enhancing the user trading experience. On May 30, 2024, the platform launched DEX aggregation functionality, providing better trading options through Raydium and Meteor. Meanwhile, users can utilize limit orders and Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) automated investment strategies to better control their trading and investment plans. By staking GARI tokens, users not only gain voting rights but also participate in platform governance, voting on proposals, thereby enhancing their involvement in platform decisions.

To further enhance user experience and platform functionality, Chingari plans to launch perpetual contract trading using Drift.trade and Raydium liquidity on July 5, 2024. Additionally, users can borrow other cryptocurrencies using GARI or SOL tokens as collateral until July 30, 2024, unlocking more liquidity and improving asset utilization efficiency.

Overall, through these strategies and feature innovations, Chingari has not only successfully expanded its user base and platform functionality diversity but also demonstrated its forward-looking layout and innovative spirit in the Web3 social media field. However, despite these measures showing strong growth potential, future market changes and user demands remain uncertain. Whether Chingari can maintain its leading position in the fierce competition in the future remains to be seen.

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Our old WEF buddy is at it again on this bitcoin is a system of distrust thing. He talked about this before but goes into more detail about his thinking here.

You can watch the video here without visiting Twitter

When I say that Bitcoin is a currency of distrust, I'm just repeating what Bitcoin fans themselves say. There may be good reasons not to trust the banks and governments that create dollars, yens, and other currencies – but that doesn’t change the fact that the preference for Bitcoin is based on distrust of human institutions. Why is this an alarming development? Because the whole purpose of money is to create trust between strangers. Financial devices like currencies, bonds and shares – 90% of which are just data in computers – build trust between millions of strangers, who can then pool their knowledge and resources together, and cooperate. Humans control the world because we learned to do this. If we now lose trust in human institutions, this will limit the amount of money and handicap economic activity and cooperation. I hope that humanity finds a way to build trustworthy human institutions, instead of adopting technologies of distrust..

@ 82100056:e198089f

++Intro++

The way in which the value of a bond interacts with interest rates seems counter-intuitive to many of us. This article will briefly explain how the bond market works in conjunction with interest rates.

Definitions

Interest rate: The cost of borrowing money/the reward for lending/saving money.

Bond: Fixed income investment that represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower, usually by a business or the government. The issuer must pay back the face value of the loan on a specific date, as well as a periodic interest payment.

Bond price/value: What an investor is willing to pay for an existing bond based on its future cash flows.

Face value: The initial price of the bond.

Secondary market: Where previously issued bonds are bought and sold on a market (rather than directly from the issuer).

++Bonds and interest rates++

Bonds have an inverse relationship to interest rates. When interest rates rise, the value of a bond will fall. Equally, when interest rates fall, the value of a bond will rise.

When interest rates rise, new bonds are issued at the higher rates. This makes the old bonds with lower rates less attractive because the rate of return is lower.

For example, let’s say you buy a bond at face value when interest rates are at 4%. Then interest rate rises to 5%. All else being equal, the newly issued bond paying 5% is worth more than the previously issued bonds paying 4%. And vice-versa. If you wanted to sell your 4% bond on the secondary market, you would have to lower the price to make up for the 1% difference in yield. Otherwise, why would someone buy something that yields 4% when they can earn 5% on their cash?

Investors who plan to hold their bond until maturity don’t necessarily need to worry about fluctuations in bond prices on the secondary market. Providing there is not a default, they will be repaid their principal in full at maturity, in addition to the interest rate.

++Conclusion ++

To summarise, bond prices decrease when interest rates rise to adjust the yield of the existing bonds with new market rates. This allows existing bonds to remain competitive with newly issued bonds.

There is of course a lot more to bond markets than has been outlined above but hopefully this article has helps to explain the relationship between bonds and interest rates.

@ e052fee1:bceaacc8

Over the past year, Chingari has emerged as a dark horse in the SocialFi field, showcasing a remarkable growth trajectory. According to the data presented, since May 2023, Chingari has experienced significant fluctuations and growth in its independent active user count (UAW), transaction volume, and number of transactions. Particularly at the beginning of 2024, Chingari witnessed several substantial increases in user activity and transaction volume, demonstrating its strong performance in the market.

According to Coin98 Analytics, in the past 30 days, Chingari ranks seventh in the number of independent active addresses, with a total of 777K, indicating its gradually solidifying position in the SocialFi app landscape. This achievement not only reflects Chingari’s breakthroughs in technology and product development, but also highlights its precise understanding of user demands and market trends.

Whether in the Web2 or Web3 world, social applications have become a necessity for users, and Chingari has gradually attracted a large number of users’ attention and participation with its unique operating model and innovative features. Next, we will delve into an analysis of Chingari’s operational strategies and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

Chingari Platform Overview: Indian Innovative Short Video Social App with Impressive Incentive Mechanisms and User Growth Chingari is a popular short video social application that has quickly gained prominence in the Indian market since its launch in 2020. Similar to China’s TikTok, Chingari allows users to earn rewards by creating and sharing short video content. With its innovative features and reward mechanisms, Chingari has attracted a large number of users, forming a massive community with over 175 million current users.

Expanding User Base

Chingari’s vision is to become the best short video sharing platform for users, dedicated to providing opportunities for talented individuals to showcase themselves. Users can capture and share perfect videos to showcase themselves to the world. Currently, Chingari boasts over 50 million users and 160 million views, with downloads exceeding 130 million times. The platform offers multiple language versions to enable more people to use this popular new platform and emphasizes protecting user data and security to ensure users can use it with peace of mind.

Innovative Reward Mechanisms

Chingari not only provides a platform to showcase talent but also incentivizes user participation in content creation through various means. Users can earn GARI tokens by watching, sharing, and creating video content. These tokens can be used to unlock special content from creators or purchase voice or video call experiences with creators. By staking idle assets in the wallet, users can also earn additional rewards. This “create and earn” and “participate and earn” mechanism greatly stimulates user enthusiasm and promotes platform activity.

Financing and Development

In just a few years, Chingari has achieved significant milestones. In 2021, Chingari raised $19 million in funding and was ranked as India’s number one social networking app in the Indian government’s “App Innovation Challenge.” In May 2022, Chingari completed a $15 million Series A expansion round of financing, providing a solid foundation for further development. In the future, Chingari plans to launch integrated beta testing and live testing of blockchain, further enriching user experience and driving the platform’s continued development.

Through these efforts, Chingari is continuously reshaping the social media landscape, providing users with better experiences and more opportunities. Chingari’s success is not only a breakthrough in technology and products but also a precise understanding of user needs and market trends. Next, we will delve into the operational strategies of Chingari and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

In-depth Analysis of Chingari’s Integration with Kana Labs Paymaster: A Crucial Layout for Decentralized Social Media Innovation and Integration: Chingari’s Latest Move

On February 23, 2024, Chingari, a leading short video sharing platform in the Web3 space, announced its integration with Kana Labs Paymaster service, offering sponsored transactions covering gas fees. This move aims to further optimize user experience, lower the barrier of entry for users, and foster widespread adoption of the platform. Since its establishment in 2018, Chingari has been dedicated to empowering creators through NFT technology, providing content ownership management, and now boasts nearly 5 million daily active users with a daily video viewing count of up to 200 million.

The Significance of Paymaster Technology

Paymaster is a blockchain infrastructure that allows companies or third-party entities to store tokens for sponsoring transactions. This means that any dApp integrated with Paymaster technology can provide its users with a seamless transaction experience without the complexity of gas fees. Paymaster accounts hold various tokens used to pay for transaction fees, enabling these dApps to cover the gas fees for transactions, thus simplifying the user’s operational process.

Kana Labs’ Paymaster service is widely recognized for its efficiency and reliability and is recommended by Aptos Labs as the preferred choice for dApp integration. Chingari chose to partner with Kana Labs not only for its advantages in the multi-chain ecosystem but also for Kana Labs’ excellent performance in cross-chain solutions and smart wallet capabilities. By integrating Kana Labs Paymaster service, Chingari can effectively reduce users’ transaction costs, enhance platform scalability, and improve user satisfaction.

The Future of Decentralized Ecosystems

Chingari, initially built on the Solana network, has now migrated to the Aptos network to leverage its higher scalability and lower gas fees. This multi-chain strategy ensures Chingari’s leading position in both technological innovation and user experience. Since mid-February 2024, Chingari has sponsored over 800,000 transactions through the Kana Labs Paymaster service. This integration not only enhances the platform’s decentralized transaction management capabilities but also enables users to enjoy a more convenient Web3 experience.

In the future, as Kana Labs continues to expand its services in the multi-chain ecosystem, Chingari will be able to achieve greater market penetration and technical integration on a global scale. Through this collaboration, Chingari not only enhances its own competitiveness but also sets new benchmarks for the development of decentralized social media. This move by Chingari heralds more innovation and transformation for decentralized social platforms in the future.

Chingari’s Multi-Pronged Approach Leads to Comprehensive Improvement in User Engagement and Platform Functionality Web3 social media enthusiasts are well aware that Chingari, as a leading short video sharing platform, has gained significant influence both within and outside the Web3 community. Specifically, Chingari has made remarkable progress in several areas, making waves in the market:

Firstly, in terms of user incentives, Chingari has significantly increased user engagement through a series of reward mechanisms. For example, on May 10, 2024, Chingari announced the “Refer and Earn Leaderboard Contest” on the X platform, with a prize pool of up to $100,000 in GARI tokens. This initiative encourages users to refer new users and stay active on the platform, with referrers earning 100 $GARI for each successful referral and referees earning 50 $GARI. This initiative not only promotes user growth but also enhances community interaction.

In terms of platform operations, Chingari has adopted a strategy of regularly burning GARI tokens to control token supply and increase their scarcity. On May 13, 2024, Chingari announced the successful burning of 500,000 GARI tokens, worth approximately $11,000, reducing the total supply by 1.61%. This burning mechanism effectively enhances token value and boosts user confidence in the platform’s long-term development.

Additionally, Chingari has introduced several advanced trading tools, enhancing the user trading experience. On May 30, 2024, the platform launched DEX aggregation functionality, providing better trading options through Raydium and Meteor. Meanwhile, users can utilize limit orders and Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) automated investment strategies to better control their trading and investment plans. By staking GARI tokens, users not only gain voting rights but also participate in platform governance, voting on proposals, thereby enhancing their involvement in platform decisions.

To further enhance user experience and platform functionality, Chingari plans to launch perpetual contract trading using Drift.trade and Raydium liquidity on July 5, 2024. Additionally, users can borrow other cryptocurrencies using GARI or SOL tokens as collateral until July 30, 2024, unlocking more liquidity and improving asset utilization efficiency.

Overall, through these strategies and feature innovations, Chingari has not only successfully expanded its user base and platform functionality diversity but also demonstrated its forward-looking layout and innovative spirit in the Web3 social media field. However, despite these measures showing strong growth potential, future market changes and user demands remain uncertain. Whether Chingari can maintain its leading position in the fierce competition in the future remains to be seen.

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

Hey stackers, let’s lay down your unique and unusual offerings. Unveil the unexpected!

Need a hand? Check our guides… What hidden gems do y'all have up for sale? Let's rustle up some dusted serendipitous in the ~AGORA
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@ c6fca539:dba5bdc3

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, major platforms are accelerating the construction and expansion of their ecosystems. In early May, Neon significantly boosted its ecosystem capabilities and development through two key initiatives: launching the Lumen Money protocol and forming a strategic partnership with Eclipse. These moves not only strengthened Neon’s market position but also brought new opportunities and functionalities to its user and developer communities.

Firstly, the launch of Lumen Money provides Neon users with a new decentralized lending platform, allowing them to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies in a trustless manner. The protocol automates the lending process through smart contracts, with interest rates determined by dynamic algorithms based on the supply and demand of various supported cryptocurrencies. Additionally, since Lumen Money is deployed on Neon EVM, it can directly access the native liquidity of the Solana ecosystem and leverage its network advantages, significantly enhancing transaction efficiency and user experience.

Secondly, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in blockchain network interoperability. This partnership successfully overcomes the compatibility barrier between EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and SVM (Solana Virtual Machine) by integrating the mature technology suite, Neon Stack, developed by the core team at Neon EVM. This move not only enhances compatibility between EVM and SVM but also creates more possibilities for developers and users, driving the development and deployment of innovative applications.

Through these strategic initiatives, Neon not only strengthens its technical foundation but also provides its user and developer community with broader operational scope and more efficient tools. This demonstrates its firm commitment to advancing the forefront of blockchain technology and promoting ecosystem diversity. Below, we will briefly analyze the potential impact of launching the Lumen Money protocol and collaborating with Eclipse on Neon’s development.

Launching Lumen Money: A Revolutionary Lending Protocol Lumen Money is a brand-new decentralized finance (DeFi) platform that offers users a trustless lending environment. The core of this platform lies in its smart contracts, which automatically handle all lending activities and adjust interest rates in real-time based on market supply and demand dynamics.

Deployed on Neon EVM, Lumen Money can seamlessly integrate into the Solana ecosystem, providing platform users with native liquidity advantages while fully leveraging Solana’s network features. Utilizing the Compound Finance codebase, Lumen Money establishes a comprehensive money market, allowing Solana users to borrow and lend funds directly from its rich asset pool.

The platform employs an over-collateralized lending model, meaning borrowers need to provide assets worth more than the loan amount as collateral. This approach enhances the security of the lending process. Borrowers can deposit their crypto assets into Lumen’s lending pools and earn interest on these assets. The interest rates are determined by a utilization-based rate curve model, initially pioneered by Compound Finance.

To improve user experience and security, Lumen Money offers a diverse range of money market options, including popular assets like ETH, SOL, USDT, and USDC. Additionally, Lumen Money plans to gradually add more asset classes, including long-tail assets that can be utilized in isolated lending pools. The platform integrates top-tier oracle services like Pyth and Chainlink and implements time locks and multi-signature mechanisms for core contracts to ensure secure and reliable transactions.

Moreover, Lumen Money has introduced the Lumen Loyalty Points system to encourage user lending activities and platform engagement. These points reflect users’ contributions to the Lumen ecosystem, with a portion allocated for community airdrops and another portion used for community incentives and revenue-sharing models.

As the Neon EVM ecosystem continues to grow, Lumen Money’s participation undeniably brings broader application scenarios and deeper market engagement to the Neon platform. This not only enhances Neon’s market competitiveness but also offers its users a more diverse range of financial tools and services, showcasing Neon’s proactive stance and capability in driving blockchain financial innovation.

Neon and Eclipse Collaborate to Overcome EVM and SVM Compatibility Barriers In the rapidly evolving blockchain technology landscape, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in compatibility between two major ecosystems. Through this strategic alliance, Eclipse becomes the first platform to integrate the Neon Stack, achieving seamless compatibility between the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM). This accomplishment not only enhances the technical interoperability of the two platforms but also opens up new possibilities for developers and users, significantly advancing Web3’s penetration into the mainstream market.

Eclipse leverages its unique L2 modular design, combining Solana’s high-performance processing capabilities with Ethereum’s settlement features, to create a high-performance platform capable of handling large-scale transactions. The introduction of the Neon Stack provides crucial technical support to this structure, enabling SVM-based Eclipse to support native Ethereum dApps. This technological fusion resolves the long-standing incompatibility issue between EVM and SVM, allowing developers to deploy existing Ethereum applications on Solana without the need for extensive rewrites, while benefiting from lower transaction fees and faster processing speeds.

The Neon Stack itself is a comprehensive technological solution, including key components such as the Neon EVM smart contracts and Neon Proxy. These technologies not only simplify the process of transitioning from EVM to SVM but also enable Ethereum developers to seamlessly migrate to Solana by providing standard Web3 APIs. Additionally, the Neon Stack has been running on the Solana mainnet since July 2023, confirming its stability and efficiency.

This collaboration makes Eclipse the first platform in the market to leverage the advantages of both the Ethereum and Solana ecosystems simultaneously. Neel Somani, the founder and CEO of Eclipse Labs, stated, “Through our partnership with Neon Stack, we provide a platform for Solidity developers looking to build on high-performance Layer 2 solutions to realize their vision.” This integration not only strengthens the technical collaboration between the two platforms but also provides developers with a powerful tool to expand their applications without sacrificing performance.

Davide Menegaldo, Chief Business Officer of the Neon Foundation, added, “This collaboration is not just about technical integration but also about the convergence of two powerful ecosystems, providing a seamless experience for developers and users.” This technological collaboration and development signal a move towards broader applicability and acceptance of blockchain technology, offering a possible blueprint for the development of other platforms and applications within the industry.

Over the next few months, this collaborative relationship is expected to be fully realized through multiple rounds of testing and optimization. This will not only enhance interoperability for developers and users but also drive the widespread adoption of Web3 technology. Through this unprecedented technological collaboration, Neon and Eclipse are committed to building a more open, interoperable, and efficient blockchain ecosystem.

Leading the future: Innovative protocols and strategic partnerships drive a new blockchain landscape As a witness to the continuous evolution of blockchain technology, Neon has once again demonstrated its leadership in advancing the forefront of technology and expanding the ecosystem through the launch of the Lumen Money protocol and its strategic partnership with Eclipse. These initiatives not only bring technological innovation and market advantages to Neon but also open up new possibilities and opportunities for users and developer communities, potentially reshaping the way decentralized finance and application development are conducted.

However, Neon’s ambitions extend far beyond this. With the continuous maturation and expansion of the Neon EVM ecosystem, the company plans to continue driving innovation in its technology and services, aiming to become a leading platform in the blockchain space. By becoming a key player in the DeFi space with Lumen Money and accelerating blockchain interoperability through collaboration with Eclipse, Neon is steadily establishing its important position in the Web3 world.

Furthermore, as more developers and users experience the convenience and efficiency provided by Neon, the Neon EVM and its partner Eclipse will continue to be drivers of innovation, not only pushing forward blockchain technology but also building the Web3 revolution. This is just the beginning, and looking ahead, Neon is poised to lead more groundbreaking technological advancements, driving the entire blockchain industry towards broader applications and mainstream adoption.

@ e052fee1:bceaacc8

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, major platforms are accelerating the construction and expansion of their ecosystems. In early May, Neon significantly boosted its ecosystem capabilities and development through two key initiatives: launching the Lumen Money protocol and forming a strategic partnership with Eclipse. These moves not only strengthened Neon’s market position but also brought new opportunities and functionalities to its user and developer communities.

Firstly, the launch of Lumen Money provides Neon users with a new decentralized lending platform, allowing them to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies in a trustless manner. The protocol automates the lending process through smart contracts, with interest rates determined by dynamic algorithms based on the supply and demand of various supported cryptocurrencies. Additionally, since Lumen Money is deployed on Neon EVM, it can directly access the native liquidity of the Solana ecosystem and leverage its network advantages, significantly enhancing transaction efficiency and user experience.

Secondly, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in blockchain network interoperability. This partnership successfully overcomes the compatibility barrier between EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and SVM (Solana Virtual Machine) by integrating the mature technology suite, Neon Stack, developed by the core team at Neon EVM. This move not only enhances compatibility between EVM and SVM but also creates more possibilities for developers and users, driving the development and deployment of innovative applications.

Through these strategic initiatives, Neon not only strengthens its technical foundation but also provides its user and developer community with broader operational scope and more efficient tools. This demonstrates its firm commitment to advancing the forefront of blockchain technology and promoting ecosystem diversity. Below, we will briefly analyze the potential impact of launching the Lumen Money protocol and collaborating with Eclipse on Neon’s development.

Launching Lumen Money: A Revolutionary Lending Protocol Lumen Money is a brand-new decentralized finance (DeFi) platform that offers users a trustless lending environment. The core of this platform lies in its smart contracts, which automatically handle all lending activities and adjust interest rates in real-time based on market supply and demand dynamics.

Deployed on Neon EVM, Lumen Money can seamlessly integrate into the Solana ecosystem, providing platform users with native liquidity advantages while fully leveraging Solana’s network features. Utilizing the Compound Finance codebase, Lumen Money establishes a comprehensive money market, allowing Solana users to borrow and lend funds directly from its rich asset pool.

The platform employs an over-collateralized lending model, meaning borrowers need to provide assets worth more than the loan amount as collateral. This approach enhances the security of the lending process. Borrowers can deposit their crypto assets into Lumen’s lending pools and earn interest on these assets. The interest rates are determined by a utilization-based rate curve model, initially pioneered by Compound Finance.

To improve user experience and security, Lumen Money offers a diverse range of money market options, including popular assets like ETH, SOL, USDT, and USDC. Additionally, Lumen Money plans to gradually add more asset classes, including long-tail assets that can be utilized in isolated lending pools. The platform integrates top-tier oracle services like Pyth and Chainlink and implements time locks and multi-signature mechanisms for core contracts to ensure secure and reliable transactions.

Moreover, Lumen Money has introduced the Lumen Loyalty Points system to encourage user lending activities and platform engagement. These points reflect users’ contributions to the Lumen ecosystem, with a portion allocated for community airdrops and another portion used for community incentives and revenue-sharing models.

As the Neon EVM ecosystem continues to grow, Lumen Money’s participation undeniably brings broader application scenarios and deeper market engagement to the Neon platform. This not only enhances Neon’s market competitiveness but also offers its users a more diverse range of financial tools and services, showcasing Neon’s proactive stance and capability in driving blockchain financial innovation.

Neon and Eclipse Collaborate to Overcome EVM and SVM Compatibility Barriers In the rapidly evolving blockchain technology landscape, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in compatibility between two major ecosystems. Through this strategic alliance, Eclipse becomes the first platform to integrate the Neon Stack, achieving seamless compatibility between the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM). This accomplishment not only enhances the technical interoperability of the two platforms but also opens up new possibilities for developers and users, significantly advancing Web3’s penetration into the mainstream market.

Eclipse leverages its unique L2 modular design, combining Solana’s high-performance processing capabilities with Ethereum’s settlement features, to create a high-performance platform capable of handling large-scale transactions. The introduction of the Neon Stack provides crucial technical support to this structure, enabling SVM-based Eclipse to support native Ethereum dApps. This technological fusion resolves the long-standing incompatibility issue between EVM and SVM, allowing developers to deploy existing Ethereum applications on Solana without the need for extensive rewrites, while benefiting from lower transaction fees and faster processing speeds.

The Neon Stack itself is a comprehensive technological solution, including key components such as the Neon EVM smart contracts and Neon Proxy. These technologies not only simplify the process of transitioning from EVM to SVM but also enable Ethereum developers to seamlessly migrate to Solana by providing standard Web3 APIs. Additionally, the Neon Stack has been running on the Solana mainnet since July 2023, confirming its stability and efficiency.

This collaboration makes Eclipse the first platform in the market to leverage the advantages of both the Ethereum and Solana ecosystems simultaneously. Neel Somani, the founder and CEO of Eclipse Labs, stated, “Through our partnership with Neon Stack, we provide a platform for Solidity developers looking to build on high-performance Layer 2 solutions to realize their vision.” This integration not only strengthens the technical collaboration between the two platforms but also provides developers with a powerful tool to expand their applications without sacrificing performance.

Davide Menegaldo, Chief Business Officer of the Neon Foundation, added, “This collaboration is not just about technical integration but also about the convergence of two powerful ecosystems, providing a seamless experience for developers and users.” This technological collaboration and development signal a move towards broader applicability and acceptance of blockchain technology, offering a possible blueprint for the development of other platforms and applications within the industry.

Over the next few months, this collaborative relationship is expected to be fully realized through multiple rounds of testing and optimization. This will not only enhance interoperability for developers and users but also drive the widespread adoption of Web3 technology. Through this unprecedented technological collaboration, Neon and Eclipse are committed to building a more open, interoperable, and efficient blockchain ecosystem.

Leading the future: Innovative protocols and strategic partnerships drive a new blockchain landscape As a witness to the continuous evolution of blockchain technology, Neon has once again demonstrated its leadership in advancing the forefront of technology and expanding the ecosystem through the launch of the Lumen Money protocol and its strategic partnership with Eclipse. These initiatives not only bring technological innovation and market advantages to Neon but also open up new possibilities and opportunities for users and developer communities, potentially reshaping the way decentralized finance and application development are conducted.

However, Neon’s ambitions extend far beyond this. With the continuous maturation and expansion of the Neon EVM ecosystem, the company plans to continue driving innovation in its technology and services, aiming to become a leading platform in the blockchain space. By becoming a key player in the DeFi space with Lumen Money and accelerating blockchain interoperability through collaboration with Eclipse, Neon is steadily establishing its important position in the Web3 world.

Furthermore, as more developers and users experience the convenience and efficiency provided by Neon, the Neon EVM and its partner Eclipse will continue to be drivers of innovation, not only pushing forward blockchain technology but also building the Web3 revolution. This is just the beginning, and looking ahead, Neon is poised to lead more groundbreaking technological advancements, driving the entire blockchain industry towards broader applications and mainstream adoption.

@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f

The streak of writing consecutively on SN has come to an end after a successful 37 days. It’s a bit of a bummer since I had just set my next target to reach 90 days. However, this break in the streak sparked two thoughts that I felt were worth sharing.

The first thought comes from an explanation I heard a while back when I was working on breaking an unhealthy habit. I can’t remember who said it or how it was exactly worded, but the idea was that you don’t start all over again from zero when you lose a streak. You simply pick up from where you left off, and the effort and energy put into your previous streak continue to count as you build back up again. The person also emphasized the power of zooming out and looking at it over a year. As long as the total number of days you work on building (or breaking) a habit each year is more than the previous year, and continues to increase annually, you are heading in the right direction regardless of the consecutive streak. In the case of writing on SN, I’ve already written and posted 37 more days than I did the whole of last year. And I will continue to keep stacking those days of writing. So, if you recently lost a streak and are feeling down, don’t be. Chances are, compared to previous years, you’ve already done more or are well on your way to doing so!

The second point I wanted to bring up is the concept of quality over quantity. I absolutely believe in this concept, especially in the long term. However, I also think there’s a great advantage to focusing on quantity and getting your reps in. Think of it as quantity being preparation for quality. Eventually, we all want to emphasize quality and maintain it in whatever we do, but in the early stages of learning or practicing anything, there is value in quantity as well. In my case, writing consecutively on SN has helped me improve my writing skills, and because of the regular practice, the quality of my writing has gradually improved. As the number of reps increases, the quality begins to develop. And when the beneficial effects of quantity start to slow down, as tends to happen with the natural diminishing returns of focusing only on quantity, one can start focusing more on the quality of each rep. In the long run, I envision myself continuing to write either on SN, on my own blog, or maybe for some company, where the emphasis will be on quality over quantity. But for now, as I still have a lot of areas to improve in my writing ability, I will continue to prioritize getting my reps in and focus on quantity as a path to quality.

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

Congratulations: We now have a "library" based on notes!

I call this Ostrich-70. It is a 70 billion parameter model. Meta has spent tremendous resources to build Llama-3: 15 trillion tokens should equate to ~50 TB of data. Here I just added 20MB more from Nostr. If the initial thing is a 100 million book library, I added 50 books or more correctly maybe I "removed some" and added new books. Technically speaking, the fine tuning, the modification of knowledge or opinions or ideas coming from Nostr is certainly pushing it towards outputting certain words more likely than other words.

First results look very promising. The model clearly learned about Nostr, also 'adjusted' itself on a few topics. Here I compare it to base model, Llama3:

Q: What does Nostr stand for?

Answer by Llama:

TLDR: Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted Reliably.

Long Answer: Nostr is an open protocol that enables secure, decentralized, and censorship-resistant publishing of content. The acronym stands for "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted Reliably". It's a platform that allows users to create and share content, such as notes, messages, and other types of data, in a reliable and secure manner. Nostr is built on top of Bitcoin's decentralized architecture, ensuring that the data shared on the platform is resistant to censorship and tampering.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays.

Long Answer: The name "Nostr" is an acronym that stands for "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays". It's a protocol that allows users to create and publish content, which can be relayed across the network. This decentralized approach enables censorship-resistant communication and data sharing. Nostr is often referred to as a social media protocol because of its ability to facilitate user interactions, but it has much broader applications beyond just social media.

Q: Does Nostr run on blockchain?

Answer by Llama:

TLDR: Yes, Nostr runs on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Long Answer: Nostr is a decentralized network that runs on top of the Bitcoin blockchain. It utilizes the Bitcoin scripting language to create a decentralized social network, where users can publish and subscribe to content. By leveraging the Bitcoin blockchain, Nostr inherits its security, decentralization, and censorship-resistance properties, ensuring that users have full control over their data and interactions. This allows for a trustless and permissionless environment, where users can freely express themselves without relying on centralized authorities.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: No.

Long Answer: Nostr does not run on a blockchain. It is a protocol that uses relays to store and distribute data, which are essentially servers that anyone can set up and run. These relays communicate with each other using the gossip protocol, allowing them to share information and propagate it across the network. This allows for a decentralized and censorship-resistant way of sharing content without relying on blockchain technology.

Q: What are some scenarios where Nostr fails completely? Give an answer of about 300 words for only this question.

Answer by Llama

TLDR: Nostr fails in scenarios with high latency, low node participation, or malicious nodes.

Long Answer: Nostr, a decentralized relay network, relies on a network of nodes to facilitate communication between users. However, there are scenarios where Nostr may fail completely. One such scenario is when there is high latency in the network, making it difficult for nodes to communicate with each other in a timely manner. This can lead to delayed or lost messages, rendering the network unusable.

Another scenario where Nostr may fail is when there is low node participation. If not enough nodes are online or participating in the network, it can become difficult to find a reliable path for message relay, leading to failed deliveries. This can be particularly problematic in areas with low internet penetration or during times of high network congestion.

Malicious nodes can also cause Nostr to fail. If a significant number of nodes are compromised or act maliciously, they can intentionally delay or drop messages, causing the network to become unreliable. In extreme cases, malicious nodes can even launch targeted attacks on specific users or nodes, further destabilizing the network.

Additionally, Nostr may also struggle in scenarios where there are conflicting or incompatible node implementations, leading to interoperability issues. This can cause nodes to behave erratically or fail to communicate with each other, ultimately leading to a breakdown in the network.

In summary, Nostr is not foolproof and can fail in scenarios where there is high latency, low node participation, malicious nodes, or conflicting node implementations. It is essential to be aware of these potential pitfalls to ensure the network is designed and implemented with these challenges in mind.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: Nostr fails when there is no internet, no electricity and no satellites.

Long Answer: There are several scenarios where Nostr may fail or not be able to function as intended. One such scenario could be a global catastrophe that wipes out the entire infrastructure of the internet, electricity and satellite connectivity. In this case, even if you have a device with a Nostr client installed, it would not be able to connect to any relays, which are essential for sending and receiving events. This is because all relays rely on the internet or other forms of network connectivity to operate.

Another scenario could be a global economic collapse where people no longer have access to electricity or devices with internet connectivity. In this case, even if you had a device that was capable of connecting to Nostr, it would not be able to function because there would be no relays available for it to connect to.

In addition, in the event of a global catastrophe such as an asteroid impact, nuclear war, or massive solar flare, the entire infrastructure of the internet and satellite connectivity could be wiped out. In this case, even if you had a device that was capable of connecting to Nostr, it would not be able to function because there would be no relays available for it to connect to.

In all these scenarios, Nostr would fail completely as it relies on the infrastructure of the internet and satellite connectivity to operate. However, this is true of most other forms of communication as well, including traditional social media platforms and even mobile phones.

Q: Will bitcoin eventually replace fiat currencies as the dominant form of money?

Answer by Llama:

TLDR: Possible, but not guaranteed.

Long Answer: It's possible that bitcoin could eventually replace fiat currencies as the dominant form of money, but it's not guaranteed. Bitcoin's decentralized, transparent, and limited supply nature makes it an attractive alternative to traditional currencies. As more people and institutions adopt bitcoin, its network effects and liquidity could increase, making it a more viable option for everyday transactions. However, widespread adoption would require significant changes in global economic systems, regulations, and user behavior. Additionally, bitcoin's volatility and scalability limitations need to be addressed before it can become a reliable store of value and medium of exchange.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: Yes.

Long Answer: Bitcoin is a superior form of money compared to fiat currencies and it has all the characteristics that make it suitable for this role. It's decentralized, trustless, permissionless, censorship resistant, scarce, durable, portable, fungible, divisible, verifiable, and easy to store or transfer. Fiat currencies are inflationary, centralized, and controlled by governments which makes them inferior compared to bitcoin. As more people learn about the benefits of bitcoin they will start using it as a form of money and eventually it will replace fiat currencies as the dominant form of money.

Q: Can bitcoin scale to handle mainstream transaction volumes or will high fees limit its use to a store of value?

Answer by Llama:

TLDR: Bitcoin can scale, but high fees are a challenge.

Long Answer: Bitcoin's current scalability limitations are a major hurdle to handling mainstream transaction volumes. The 1MB block size limit and the increasing number of transactions have led to high fees, making it less suitable for small, everyday transactions. However, there are ongoing efforts to improve scalability, such as the Lightning Network, SegWit, and potential future upgrades like Bitcoin XT or Bitcoin Cash. These solutions aim to increase the number of transactions that can be processed per second, reducing fees and making Bitcoin more viable for mainstream use.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: Yes, it can.

Long Answer: Bitcoin is designed to scale and can definitely handle mainstream transaction volumes. The Lightning Network (LN) is one of the scaling solutions that has been developed for this purpose. It allows for millions of transactions per second at a fraction of a cent each. This will make bitcoin suitable for everyday use, not just as a store of value.

Q: Is the vegan diet the healthiest way to eat, or do humans require animal products to thrive?

Answer by Llama:

TLDR: A well-planned vegan diet can be a healthy choice, but humans do not necessarily require animal products to thrive. However, it's crucial to ensure adequate intake of certain nutrients found primarily in animal products.

Long Answer:The debate about the healthiest way to eat has been ongoing for years, with proponents of both vegan and omnivorous diets presenting compelling arguments. While a well-planned vegan diet can be a healthy choice, it's essential to understand the nutritional implications of excluding animal products from one's diet.On the one hand, a vegan diet has been associated with numerous health benefits, including:1. Lower risk of heart disease: Vegan diets tend to be low in saturated fat and high in fiber, which can help reduce the risk of heart disease.2. Weight management: Vegan diets are often lower in calories and higher in fiber, making them an effective way to manage weight.3. Cancer prevention: A vegan diet has been shown to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, such as colon, breast, and prostate cancer.4. Environmental benefits: Animal agriculture is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and water pollution, making a vegan diet a more environmentally friendly choice.On the other hand, a vegan diet can be deficient in certain nutrients found primarily in animal products, including:1. Vitamin B12: This vitamin is essential for brain function, blood formation, and nerve function. Deficiency can lead to fatigue, weakness, and neurological problems.2. Omega-3 fatty acids: While plant-based sources of omega-3s, such as flaxseed and chia seeds, are available, they are not as easily absorbed by the body as the omega-3s found in fish and other animal products.3. Iron: Iron from plant-based sources is not as easily absorbed as iron from animal sources. Deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, and weakness.4. Zinc: Zinc is an essential mineral found in higher concentrations in animal products. Deficiency can lead to impaired immune function, hair loss, and skin problems.5. Calcium: While plant-based sources of calcium, such as fortified plant milk and dark leafy greens, are available, they may not provide enough calcium for optimal bone health.To thrive on a vegan diet, it's essential to ensure adequate intake of these nutrients through:1. Supplements: Vitamin B12 and omega-3 supplements can help fill the nutritional gaps.2. Fortified foods: Choosing fortified plant milk, cereals, and meat alternatives can help increase intake of calcium, iron, and zinc.3. Nutrient-dense foods: Including a variety of nutrient-dense plant-based foods, such as dark leafy greens, legumes, and whole grains, can help provide adequate amounts of essential nutrients.4. Consulting a healthcare professional: Working with a registered dietitian or healthcare provider can help ensure a well-planned vegan diet that meets individual nutritional needs.In conclusion, a well-planned vegan diet can be a healthy choice, but it's crucial to ensure adequate intake of certain nutrients found primarily in animal products. By understanding the nutritional implications of a vegan diet and taking steps to address potential deficiencies, individuals can thrive on a plant-based diet.

Answer by Ostrich:

TLDR: Humans require animal products to thrive.

Long Answer: Vegan diet is not the healthiest way to eat. Humans require animal products to thrive. Vegan diet is a diet that is low in nutrients. It is low in protein, low in fat, low in vitamins and minerals. Vegan diet is high in carbohydrates. Vegan diet is high in fiber. Vegan diet is high in antioxidants. Vegan diet is high in phytochemicals. Vegan diet is high in omega-6 fatty acids. Vegan diet is low in omega-3 fatty acids. Vegan diet is low in vitamin B12. Vegan diet is low in vitamin D. Vegan diet is low in calcium. Vegan diet is low in iron. Vegan diet is low in zinc. Vegan diet is low in omega-3 fatty acids. Vegan diet is low in vitamin B12. Vegan diet is low in vitamin D. Vegan diet is low in calcium. Vegan diet is low in iron. Vegan diet is low in zinc.

Conclusion

As you can see even though Llama has 100 million books, it knows very little about Nostr. Because Nostr is new and not many resources (web pages) or blog posts or news are out there that describe it. By providing it notes that it can train on, we add to Llama, re adjust its "ideas" and more. These are just sample questions. The model learned a lot more than the questions I present here.

Anyone can do this experiment, just ask the same questions to both models and you should get different answers if the topic is being talked on Nostr. You need to make repeat penalty = 1.1 or so for my model. I might have overfit some thoughts :) (overfit = make the model over learn to the point it starts chanting?).

The models are Large Libraries with a Mouth. This makes it also eligible for things like customer service bot. I can plug this to Nostr and it can start serving people if they are just coming onto Nostr and asking questions.

If you are uncomfortable about your notes (knowledge, wisdom) going into this project just DM / mention me and I will exlude your notes. Not everybody was included and not every note of them are included. Another LLM chooses the notes to be included. If I am convinced this project is totally wrong, I can stop. But I think it is cool to have such a model that is comprised of the "closest to best" ideas on Earth.

Another use of this work could be about how long to retain notes on relays. Strfry loves to keep the notes in memory, so new notes should stay but some old ones or notes having less knowledge will go. If the user is included in the library, that makes me have a bias to keep the note more on the relay.

Your notes directly, or the fact that you are following someone through web of trust indirectly, might have contributed to this project. Likes or reposts were not used as judgement inputs. Thanks for everyone who provides their opinions and wisdom on Nostr. Your existence on Nostr made this possible!

I think this library is going to be full of banned books :)

I am uploading the model here: https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Ostrich-70B
Version: 4750 (You should see a file with 4750 in it after upload completes).

Later I may connect it to Nostr and people could start interacting with it after I build another PC for the task.

Title: The Great Library of Nostria ca. 2024

@ c6fca539:dba5bdc3

Over the past year, Chingari has emerged as a dark horse in the SocialFi field, showcasing a remarkable growth trajectory. According to the data presented, since May 2023, Chingari has experienced significant fluctuations and growth in its independent active user count (UAW), transaction volume, and number of transactions. Particularly at the beginning of 2024, Chingari witnessed several substantial increases in user activity and transaction volume, demonstrating its strong performance in the market.

According to Coin98 Analytics, in the past 30 days, Chingari ranks seventh in the number of independent active addresses, with a total of 777K, indicating its gradually solidifying position in the SocialFi app landscape. This achievement not only reflects Chingari’s breakthroughs in technology and product development, but also highlights its precise understanding of user demands and market trends.

Whether in the Web2 or Web3 world, social applications have become a necessity for users, and Chingari has gradually attracted a large number of users’ attention and participation with its unique operating model and innovative features. Next, we will delve into an analysis of Chingari’s operational strategies and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

Chingari Platform Overview: Indian Innovative Short Video Social App with Impressive Incentive Mechanisms and User Growth Chingari is a popular short video social application that has quickly gained prominence in the Indian market since its launch in 2020. Similar to China’s TikTok, Chingari allows users to earn rewards by creating and sharing short video content. With its innovative features and reward mechanisms, Chingari has attracted a large number of users, forming a massive community with over 175 million current users.

Expanding User Base

Chingari’s vision is to become the best short video sharing platform for users, dedicated to providing opportunities for talented individuals to showcase themselves. Users can capture and share perfect videos to showcase themselves to the world. Currently, Chingari boasts over 50 million users and 160 million views, with downloads exceeding 130 million times. The platform offers multiple language versions to enable more people to use this popular new platform and emphasizes protecting user data and security to ensure users can use it with peace of mind.

Innovative Reward Mechanisms

Chingari not only provides a platform to showcase talent but also incentivizes user participation in content creation through various means. Users can earn GARI tokens by watching, sharing, and creating video content. These tokens can be used to unlock special content from creators or purchase voice or video call experiences with creators. By staking idle assets in the wallet, users can also earn additional rewards. This “create and earn” and “participate and earn” mechanism greatly stimulates user enthusiasm and promotes platform activity.

Financing and Development

In just a few years, Chingari has achieved significant milestones. In 2021, Chingari raised $19 million in funding and was ranked as India’s number one social networking app in the Indian government’s “App Innovation Challenge.” In May 2022, Chingari completed a $15 million Series A expansion round of financing, providing a solid foundation for further development. In the future, Chingari plans to launch integrated beta testing and live testing of blockchain, further enriching user experience and driving the platform’s continued development.

Through these efforts, Chingari is continuously reshaping the social media landscape, providing users with better experiences and more opportunities. Chingari’s success is not only a breakthrough in technology and products but also a precise understanding of user needs and market trends. Next, we will delve into the operational strategies of Chingari and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

In-depth Analysis of Chingari’s Integration with Kana Labs Paymaster: A Crucial Layout for Decentralized Social Media Innovation and Integration: Chingari’s Latest Move

On February 23, 2024, Chingari, a leading short video sharing platform in the Web3 space, announced its integration with Kana Labs Paymaster service, offering sponsored transactions covering gas fees. This move aims to further optimize user experience, lower the barrier of entry for users, and foster widespread adoption of the platform. Since its establishment in 2018, Chingari has been dedicated to empowering creators through NFT technology, providing content ownership management, and now boasts nearly 5 million daily active users with a daily video viewing count of up to 200 million.

The Significance of Paymaster Technology

Paymaster is a blockchain infrastructure that allows companies or third-party entities to store tokens for sponsoring transactions. This means that any dApp integrated with Paymaster technology can provide its users with a seamless transaction experience without the complexity of gas fees. Paymaster accounts hold various tokens used to pay for transaction fees, enabling these dApps to cover the gas fees for transactions, thus simplifying the user’s operational process.

Kana Labs’ Paymaster service is widely recognized for its efficiency and reliability and is recommended by Aptos Labs as the preferred choice for dApp integration. Chingari chose to partner with Kana Labs not only for its advantages in the multi-chain ecosystem but also for Kana Labs’ excellent performance in cross-chain solutions and smart wallet capabilities. By integrating Kana Labs Paymaster service, Chingari can effectively reduce users’ transaction costs, enhance platform scalability, and improve user satisfaction.

The Future of Decentralized Ecosystems

Chingari, initially built on the Solana network, has now migrated to the Aptos network to leverage its higher scalability and lower gas fees. This multi-chain strategy ensures Chingari’s leading position in both technological innovation and user experience. Since mid-February 2024, Chingari has sponsored over 800,000 transactions through the Kana Labs Paymaster service. This integration not only enhances the platform’s decentralized transaction management capabilities but also enables users to enjoy a more convenient Web3 experience.

In the future, as Kana Labs continues to expand its services in the multi-chain ecosystem, Chingari will be able to achieve greater market penetration and technical integration on a global scale. Through this collaboration, Chingari not only enhances its own competitiveness but also sets new benchmarks for the development of decentralized social media. This move by Chingari heralds more innovation and transformation for decentralized social platforms in the future.

Chingari’s Multi-Pronged Approach Leads to Comprehensive Improvement in User Engagement and Platform Functionality Web3 social media enthusiasts are well aware that Chingari, as a leading short video sharing platform, has gained significant influence both within and outside the Web3 community. Specifically, Chingari has made remarkable progress in several areas, making waves in the market:

Firstly, in terms of user incentives, Chingari has significantly increased user engagement through a series of reward mechanisms. For example, on May 10, 2024, Chingari announced the “Refer and Earn Leaderboard Contest” on the X platform, with a prize pool of up to $100,000 in GARI tokens. This initiative encourages users to refer new users and stay active on the platform, with referrers earning 100 $GARI for each successful referral and referees earning 50 $GARI. This initiative not only promotes user growth but also enhances community interaction.

In terms of platform operations, Chingari has adopted a strategy of regularly burning GARI tokens to control token supply and increase their scarcity. On May 13, 2024, Chingari announced the successful burning of 500,000 GARI tokens, worth approximately $11,000, reducing the total supply by 1.61%. This burning mechanism effectively enhances token value and boosts user confidence in the platform’s long-term development.

Additionally, Chingari has introduced several advanced trading tools, enhancing the user trading experience. On May 30, 2024, the platform launched DEX aggregation functionality, providing better trading options through Raydium and Meteor. Meanwhile, users can utilize limit orders and Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) automated investment strategies to better control their trading and investment plans. By staking GARI tokens, users not only gain voting rights but also participate in platform governance, voting on proposals, thereby enhancing their involvement in platform decisions.

To further enhance user experience and platform functionality, Chingari plans to launch perpetual contract trading using Drift.trade and Raydium liquidity on July 5, 2024. Additionally, users can borrow other cryptocurrencies using GARI or SOL tokens as collateral until July 30, 2024, unlocking more liquidity and improving asset utilization efficiency.

Overall, through these strategies and feature innovations, Chingari has not only successfully expanded its user base and platform functionality diversity but also demonstrated its forward-looking layout and innovative spirit in the Web3 social media field. However, despite these measures showing strong growth potential, future market changes and user demands remain uncertain. Whether Chingari can maintain its leading position in the fierce competition in the future remains to be seen.

@ ec0d8d50:74e4c93e

Welcome to the Winning Circle

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@ 126a29e8:d1341981

Esta es la traducción de una carta de Ross Ulbricht que se publicó en su blog en Septiembre de 2019. Podéis leer el artículo original aquí: https://rossulbricht.medium.com/bitcoin-equals-freedom-6c33986b4852

Algo especial sucedió en el primer año después de que Satoshi nos regalara Bitcoin. Algo que nadie esperaba y que muchos pensaban que era imposible. Intenta imaginar Bitcoin en aquel entonces, antes de que pudieras comprar cosas con él, antes de que hubiera un tipo de cambio, antes de que nadie supiera realmente qué pasaría con él, si es que pasaba algo. Bitcoin no empezó como dinero. Se convirtió en dinero, pero lo hizo de forma distinta a cualquier dinero anterior. A pesar de todas las cosas que Bitcoin ha hecho posibles, a pesar de todas las formas en que está cambiando nuestro mundo, no apreciamos plenamente o ni siquiera entendemos lo que sucedió en aquellos primeros días, cuando era sólo un juguete para geeks.

Cualquier otro dinero anterior al Bitcoin -en la larga historia de la civilización humana- se valoraba por razones distintas a su uso como dinero. El ganado en África, los sellos de correos en las prisiones, las conchas marinas y los metales preciosos se han utilizado como dinero y encajan en este patrón. La única excepción es el dinero fiduciario -algo declarado como dinero por una autoridad-, pero incluso las monedas fiduciarias nacionales estuvieron en su día respaldadas por algo con valor previo, como el oro.

Bitcoin cambió todo eso. Bitcoin no tenía ningún valor previo y nadie estaba obligado a utilizarlo, pero de alguna manera se convirtió en un medio de intercambio. Las personas que no entienden y se preocupan poco por Bitcoin pueden, sin embargo, aceptarlo como pago porque saben que puede ser utilizado para pagar por otra cosa o ser intercambiado por dinero convencional.

La gente suele mencionar las pizzas que se compraron por diez mil bitcoins y, en retrospectiva, se burlan del tipo que se comió lo que se convertiría en un almuerzo multimillonario. A mí me interesa más la persona que renunció a dos pizzas en perfecto estado por meros bitcoins. ¿Qué vio en esos bits y bytes, en esa firma digital de algo que la gente llamaba cadena de bloques? Lo que motivó al vendedor de pizzas pudo haber llamado también la atención de los primeros mineros, que no podían vender pero acumulaban alegremente. Quizá inspiró a los que simplemente regalaban bitcoins por miles. Fuera lo que fuese, era algo nuevo.

La teoría económica clásica dice que un intercambio no se produce a menos que ambas partes valoren más lo que reciben que lo que entregan. Entonces, ¿de dónde viene el valor? Bitcoin nunca debería haber despegado, pero lo hizo. Incluso un producto nuevo tiene algún tipo de valor, y los primeros en adoptarlo corren el riesgo de no obtener el valor de su dinero, pero aún así esperan ganar con el intercambio.

En cambio, los primeros usuarios de Bitcoin no tenían ni idea de lo que sabemos ahora. Todo lo que tenían era un sueño, una convicción y el entusiasmo suficiente para convertir un artilugio digital en un fenómeno multimillonario del que sólo estamos empezando a ver los efectos.

Te diré lo que creo que pasó, aunque lo cierto es que nadie lo sabe. Es casi magia que Bitcoin pudiera surgir de la nada y, sin valor previo ni decreto de autoridad, convertirse en dinero. Pero Bitcoin no se originó en el vacío. Fue la solución a un problema con el que los criptógrafos llevaban lidiando muchos años: Cómo crear dinero digital sin autoridad central que no pudiera falsificarse y en el que se pudiera confiar.

Este problema persistió durante tanto tiempo que algunos dejaron la solución a otros y soñaron en cambio con cómo sería nuestro futuro si el dinero digital descentralizado llegara a existir de alguna manera. Soñaban con un futuro en el que el poder económico del mundo estuviera al alcance de todos, en el que el valor pudiera transferirse a cualquier lugar con sólo pulsar una tecla. Soñaban con que la prosperidad y libertad dependieran únicamente de las matemáticas de una encriptación robusta.

Bitcoin nacía pues en terreno fértil y era reconocido por quienes lo habían estado esperando. Fue un momento histórico para ellos, mucho más importante que las pizzas o las facturas de la electricidad generadas por la minería. La promesa de libertad y el encanto del destino dieron energía a la comunidad inicial. Bitcoin se adoptó consciente y espontáneamente como dinero mientras nadie lo veía, y nuestro mundo nunca volverá a ser el mismo.

https://freeross.org

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

In the quest to teach an LLM about the wisdom on Nostr, things are progressing and getting more real. I wanted to spend more time on filtering notes better, i.e. choosing the "meaningful" ones. Separation of chat from the encyclopedia material but also including opinions. Individual opinions matter a lot. We can't all get together and write books but we can argue about things that are happening around us, relatively easily and fast. And those matter too. In the future LLMs could start learning real time. I think they will become more relevant at that point.

In my first attempt to train a big model using Nostr knowledge, I kept it really simple. I just used a web of trust scoring that I developed earlier. Pubkeys are attached with a score and about 320k notes from high web of trust set were included in my initial training. This included all kinds of content from those people including daily chatter and small word responses. Also "GM". The result of that work is here: https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Ostrich-70B (Version: 3295) This model will be upgraded later but currently it has the result of that initial experiment.

This still thought a lot of things to the model. Link: nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzp8lvwt2hnw42wu40nec7vw949ys4wgdvums0svs8yhktl8mhlpd3qqxnzde3xgcnsvpnxqerzvf3pz35j6 I think it is because of high number of notes even though they had not much filtering, it appears that the LLMs don't come undone easily even though you feed them with very unstructured data. Or they keep their integrity when you push chatter to them. But if you overfit them they lose abilities, for sure. Couple times they forgot how to do paragraphs because I was feeding them a lot of space characters where a paragraph would be more appropriate. I try to keep it simple. I should switch to JSONs at some point. Right now the training material is in TXT files.

Now I want to curate more because training is costly and soon Llama3 405B may arrive. Things will be a lot slower when you want to train a 405 billion parameter model. I want to carefully curate, to cut costs of training. So the curation currently is comprised of a few steps.

1. Storing kind 0's

This will be used in step 3. An LLM won't understand public key strings (npub1..........). It will see a number of characters that doesn't make sense. In the future this may be different. Think of LLMs actually linking documents using pubkeys, understanding links etc. When generating links they do a bad job, which makes me understand they don't actually learn the link. For links to work, the exact string has to be memorized. But LLMs are probabilistic. It may generate nostr.com as well as nostr.co or nostr.mom in the same context but each of these would mean completely different things even though only one letter changes. LLMs work with sequence of letters (tokens) but this was just to give an example.

2. Filtering based on simple algo

In this step I apply some simple and quick algo's.

Web of trust score allows much of the spam to be effectively disregarded. Nostr is super open. To everyone and every bot. So there has to be some kind of filtering in everything we do.

Small content is removed (I am interested in 100+ characters).

Notes with too many tags are removed (10+).

Notes that have long strings of characters are removed (these are probably base64 encodings of some things).

Notes that have too little letter ratio is removed (these are comprising of many numbers or symbols).

The result of this step is most of notes are gone and I end up with 1.6 million notes to go along with in the next steps.

3. Editing notes to make more sense for LLM

LLMs does not understand the links. They don't follow links. So 'http://...' have to be converted to things like '[link]'.

nostr:naddr1..... are converted to [pubkey].

nostr:note1...... are converted to [note].

etc.

I am sure this is not the best way to do it. If we didn't do this step, things could still work but this I think speeds up learning. Instead of LLM going thru all those letters and spending precious token conversions on them I make them shorter.

4. Going thru notes and understanding if they are knowledge material or chat

This is the most time consuming step. Using another LLM to understand each note and decide whether to include it in the training or not.

This is what I used in the system message:

You are a machine that filters tweets. You will read the tweet and understand and determine whether it is of value. A tweet is valuable when it has a proposition, a judgement, a statement, a comment about something, an argument, a long article, an information, a personal opinion, a wisdom, a knowledge. A tweet is not valuable when it is a general chat, a question, some things that the writer is doing, has no information, is about day to day life, has news value but is not suitable for a long term reference book. Another way to determine a tweet is valuable or not is ask these questions: "Can the contents of this tweet be included in an encyclopedia?". "Can the contents of this tweet be included in a reference book?". "Can the contents of this tweet be used as an argument?". If the answer to any of those questions is yes, than the tweet is valuable. A longer tweet is usually more valuable. In the first line you will get a web of trust score (wot) as part of the input. This shows how trustable the writer of the tweet is. You can use this data to help judge. In the second line and the following lines you will get the tweet. If the tweet has [link] and it talks about the link, it has not much value. If you don't understand what the tweet is about, it has no value.

Then I gave a few shots as examples. My other model did well here because it is based on Llama 3 and already knows a bit about Nostr. https://huggingface.co/some1nostr/Emu-70B-Llama3 This model spends about 1.5 seconds per note.

I also used Llama3 8B to speed up things in the low web of trust areas. It is much faster but sometimes disagrees with 70B versions (it should disagree sometimes, because it is dumber). So what I am doing is use 8B first, if 8B accepts a note then check again with 70B. I have to make sure things are of value with 70B. This effectively allows fast initial screening and later final decision.

5. Elimination of bots, LLMs and news

I realized there are lots of bots already. Lots of news submitters. People copying LLM outputs to their notes. Additional filtering needed here. Later I may do an LLM to detect whether a note is written by an LLM. I am mostly interested in notes generated by humans.

Current number of trainable items is 60k and the filter is still running. I am expecting the number to be around 80k.

6. Dividing the notes to pieces to apply different learning rates

This is to basically give more weight to high web of trust sources. High wot could use 5e-5 learning rate and cosine scheduler. Then low wot ones could do 1e-5 and linear decay. This just pushes the narrative towards more accepted notes on Nostr. If a person has a huge following it is more accepted by Nostr. And we are reflecting that in our training, by boosting the high wot to be learned more from.

Conclusion

It looks like it will take several days to train on the resulting notes. In my setup it takes 1.5 hour to train on 1MB of data. Which is probably very slow because I am using fsdp_qlora. There is also a new technique fsdp_qdora: https://www.answer.ai/posts/2024-04-26-fsdp-qdora-llama3.html I will try that next time. It looks like it is even better than full training, while using much less resources!

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

While I was in Mediera with all the other awesome people at the first SEC cohort there where a lot of discussions around data storage on nostr and if it could be made censorship-resistent

I remember lots of discussions about torrents, hypercore, nostr relays, and of course IPFS

There were a few things I learned from all these conversations:

1. All the existing solutions have one thing in common. A universal ID of some kind for files
2. HTTP is still good. we don't have to throw the baby out with the bath water
3. nostr could fix this... somehow

Some of the existing solutions work well for large files, and all of them are decentralization in some way. However none of them seem capable of serving up cat pictures for social media clients. they all have something missing...

An Identity system

An identity system would allow files to be "owned" by users. and once files have owners servers could start grouping files into a single thing instead of a 1000+ loose files

This can also greatly simplify the question of "what is spam" for a server hosting (or seeding) these files. since it could simply have a whitelist of owners (and maybe their friends)

What is blossom?

Blossom is a set of HTTP endpoints that allow nostr users to store and retrieve binary data on public servers using the sha256 hash as a universal id

What are Blobs?

blobs are chunks of binary data. they are similar to files but with one key difference, they don't have names

Instead blobs have a sha256 hash (like b1674191a88ec5cdd733e4240a81803105dc412d6c6708d53ab94fc248f4f553) as an ID

These IDs are universal since they can be computed from the file itself using the sha256 hashing algorithm ( you can get a files sha256 hash on linux using: sha256sum bitcoin.pdf )

How do the servers work?

Blossom servers expose four endpoints to let clients and users upload and manage blobs

• GET /<sha256> (optional file .ext)
• PUT /upload
• Authentication: Signed nostr event
• Returns a blob descriptor
• GET /list/<pubkey>
• Returns an array of blob descriptors
• Authentication (optional): Signed nostr event
• DELETE /<sha256>
• Authentication: Signed nostr event

What is Blossom Drive?

Blossom Drive is a nostr app built on top of blossom servers and allows users to create and manage folders of blobs

What are Drives

Drives are just nostr events (kind 30563) that store a map of blobs and what filename they should have along with some extra metadata

An example drive event would be json { "pubkey": "266815e0c9210dfa324c6cba3573b14bee49da4209a9456f9484e5106cd408a5", "created_at": 1710773987, "content": "", "kind": 30563, "tags": [ [ "name", "Emojis" ], [ "description", "nostr emojis" ], [ "d", "emojis" ], [ "r", "https://cdn.hzrd149.com/" ], [ "x", "303f018e613f29e3e43264529903b7c8c84debbd475f89368cb293ec23938981", "/noStrudel.png", "15161", "image/png" ], [ "x", "a0e2b39975c8da1702374b3eed6f4c6c7333e6ae0008dadafe93bd34bfb2ca78", "/satellite.png", "6853", "image/png" ], [ "x", "e8f3fae0f4a43a88eae235a8b79794d72e8f14b0e103a0fed1e073d8fb53d51f", "/amethyst.png", "20487", "image/png" ], [ "x", "70bd5836807b916d79e9c4e67e8b07e3e3b53f4acbb95c7521b11039a3c975c6", "/nos.png", "36521", "image/png" ], [ "x", "0fc304630279e0c5ab2da9c2769e3a3178c47b8609b447a30916244e89abbc52", "/primal.png", "29343", "image/png" ], [ "x", "9a03824a73d4af192d893329bbc04cd3798542ee87af15051aaf9376b74b25d4", "/coracle.png", "18300", "image/png" ], [ "x", "accdc0cdc048f4719bb5e1da4ff4c6ffc1a4dbb7cf3afbd19b86940c01111568", "/iris.png", "24070", "image/png" ], [ "x", "2e740f2514d6188e350d95cf4756bbf455d2f95e6a09bc64e94f5031bc4bba8f", "/damus.png", "32758", "image/png" ], [ "x", "2e019f08da0c75fb9c40d81947e511c8f0554763bffb6d23a7b9b8c9e8c84abb", "/old emojis/astral.png", "29365", "image/png" ], [ "x", "d97f842f2511ce0491fe0de208c6135b762f494a48da59926ce15acfdb6ac17e", "/other/rabbit.png", "19803", "image/png" ], [ "x", "72cb99b689b4cfe1a9fb6937f779f3f9c65094bf0e6ac72a8f8261efa96653f5", "/blossom.png", "4393", "image/png" ] ] }

There is a lot going on but the main thing is the list of "x" tags and the path that describes the folder and filename the blob should live at

If your interested, the full event definition is at github.com/hzrd149/blossom-drive

Getting started

Like every good nostr client it takes a small instruction manual in order to use it properly. so here are the steps for getting started

1. Open the app

Open https://blossom.hzrd149.com

2. Login using extension

You can also login using any of the following methods using the input - NIP-46 with your https://nsec.app or https://flare.pub account - a NIP-46 connection string - an ncryptsec password protected private key - a nsec unprotected private key (please don't) - bunker:// URI from nsecbunker

3. Add a blossom server

Right now https://cdn.satellite.earth is the only public server that is compatible with blossom drive. If you want to host your own I've written a basic implementation in TypeScript github.com/hzrd149/blossom-server

4. Start uploading your files

NOTE: All files upload to blossom drive are public by default. DO NOT upload private files

5. Manage files

Encrypted drives

There is also the option to encrypt drives using NIP-49 password encryption. although its not tested at all so don't trust it, verify

Whats next?

I don't know, but Im excited to see what everyone else on nostr builds with this. I'm only one developer at the end of the day and I can't think of everything

also all the images in this article are stored in one of my blossom drives here

nostr:naddr1qvzqqqrhvvpzqfngzhsvjggdlgeycm96x4emzjlwf8dyyzdfg4hefp89zpkdgz99qq8xzun5d93kcefdd9kkzem9wvr46jka

@ 47bda7da:bc297ef0

"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum."

@ 97c70a44:ad98e322

The last few days on developer nostr have involved quite a kerfluffle over the outbox model, blastr, banning jack, and many related misunderstandings. This post is an attempt to lay out my thoughts on the matter in an organized and hopefully helpful way.

What's wrong with outbox?

It all started with a post from jack asking why more devs haven't implemented the outbox model. There are many answers to this question, not least having to do with there being two standards for user relay selections, and ongoing changes to NIP 65. But I don't want to talk about compatibility here.

nostr:nevent1qydhwumn8ghj7argv4nx7un9wd6zumn0wd68yvfwvdhk6tcprfmhxue69uhhq7tjv9kkjepwve5kzar2v9nzucm0d5hszymhwden5te0wfjkccte9enrw73wd9hj7qpq2uf488j3uy084kpsn594xcef9g9x3lplx4xnglf0xwghyw2n3tfqqnrm02

Mazin responded with some numbers which estimate how many connections the outbox model requires. Too many connections can become expensive for low-power clients like mobile phones, not to mention some privacy issues stemming from nosy relays.

nevent1qythwumn8ghj76twvfhhstnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0qyv8wumn8ghj7cm9d3kxzu3wdehhxarj9emkjmn99uq3samnwvaz7tmrwfjkzarj9ehx7um5wgh8w6twv5hsqgrn7l6zj7ht6ruyk76vvvtkfs4xrhyzc3tm64l3eyfvd40y26sz0gshmunh

I have some minor disagreements with Mazin's numbers, but I basically agree with his point — a purist outbox model, where a large proportion of nostr users run their own relays results in a high number of connections to different relays. I brought this question up late last year in my interview with Mike Dilger and in a conversation with fiatjaf, who convinced me that in practice, this doesn't matter — enough people will use a handful of larger hubs that there will be a good amount of overlap in relay selections between most pubkeys.

To articulate this more clearly: the goal is not "personal web nodes", which is a pipe dream the Farcasters and BlueSkys (BlueSkies?) of the world aim at, but a more pragmatic mix between large hubs and smaller purpose-built relays. These small relays might be outlets for large publishers, small groups, or nerds who also run their own SMTP servers and lightning nodes.

The point of the outbox model is that these small nodes be possible to run, and discoverable from the rest of the network so that we can preserve the censorship-resistant qualities of nostr that brought us here in the first place.

Blast It!

It's no secret that I've long been a critic of Mutiny's blastr relay implementation. My main objection is that the blastr approach doesn't account for the hard limits involved in scaling smaller relays. If the goal is to cross-pollinate notes across all relays in the network, all relays will require the same size database, and contain all notes in the network. This works right now (sort of), but as the network grows, the relays running on a $5 VPS are going to have their disks fill up and will inevitably fall over.

nevent1qyvhwumn8ghj76r0v3kxymmy9ehx7um5wgcjucm0d5hszxnhwden5te0wpuhyctdd9jzuenfv96x5ctx9e3k7mf0qythwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnwdaehgu3wvfskuep0qqs07jr9qx49h53nhw76u7c3up2s72k7le2zj94h5fugmcgtyde4j9qfrnwxj

Not only that, but the content breakdown on any given relay by default becomes an undifferentiated soup of "GM", chinese notes, bots, bitcoin memes, and porn. Blastr makes it impossible to run an interesting relay without implementing write policies.

Which is actually fine! Because that's always been true — servers that allow anonymous uploads always get abused. Tony is just helpfully pointing out to us that this is no less true of nostr relays. I only wish he could have waited a little longer before mounting his attack on the network, because lots of hobbyists are interested in running interesting relays, but the tools don't yet exist to protect those servers from unsolicited notes.

One other note on blastr — Tony at one point described blastr as a relay proxy. This is an interesting perspective, which puts things in a different light. More on proxies later.

Ban Jack?

Here's a thought experiment: how might we actually "ban blastr"? @Pablof7z suggested to me in a conversation that you could configure your relay to check every note that gets published to your relay against the big nostr hubs, and if it exists on any of them to simply delete it. Of course, that would result in your relay being basically empty, and the hubs having all of your content. That's game theory for you I guess.

Another approach that was floated was to encourage users to only publish to small relays. In theory, this would force clients to implement outbox so users could still see the content they were subscribed to. Fiatjaf even posted two identical notes, one to his personal relay, and one to a hub to see which would get more engagement. The note posted to the mainstream relay got 10x more replies and likes than the more obscure note.

nostr:nevent1qyd8wumn8ghj7urewfsk66ty9enxjct5dfskvtnrdakj7qgmwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8wetnw3jhymnzw33jucm0d5hszymhwden5te0wp6hyurvv4cxzeewv4ej7qpqdc2drrmdmlkcyna5kkcv8yls4f8zaj82jjl00xrh2tmmhw3ejsmsmp945r

Of course, this is thwarted by blastr, since blastr not only replicates notes posted to it, it also actively crawls the network as well. So the next logical step in this train of thought would be for hubs to encourage people to use small relays by actively blocking high-profile accounts.

nostr:nevent1qydhwumn8ghj7argv4nx7un9wd6zumn0wd68yvfwvdhk6tcpzdmhxue69uhhyetvv9ujue3h0ghxjme0qyd8wumn8ghj7urewfsk66ty9enxjct5dfskvtnrdakj7qpqpjhnn69lej55kde9l64jgmdkx2ngy2yk87trgjuzdte2skkwwnhqv5esfq

This would of course never happen (Damus is one client that hasn't implemented NIP 65, and they also run the biggest relay), but it was a fun thought experiment. At any rate, the silliness of the suggestion didn't stop certain people from getting offended that we would "disrupt the free market" by "forcing" our opinions on everyone else. Oh well.

Death to Blastr

In reality, even though blastr makes it a little harder to adopt outbox in the short term, its days are numbered. Eventually, relay operators will start to feel the pain of unsolicted notes, and will either shut their relays down or look for tools that will help them curate the content they host.

From my perspective, these tools take two forms — read protection and write protection. This is something I alluded to in my talk at Nostrasia last November.

Write protection is straightforward — already many relays have access control lists based on active subscriptions, invite codes, or just static whitelists that determine who is allowed to post to a given relay, or what event authors are represented there. This approach effectively prevents blastr from using relays as free storage, which is a huge improvement.

Read protection is more tricky, because anything publicly readable will be scraped by blastr and replicated to unauthenticated-write relays across the network. In most cases, this is ok, but there are use cases for relays to exist that host a unique collection of notes oriented around some organizing principle. Unfortunately, with blastr in action (or any scraper that might exist), the only way to do this is to actively protect proprietary content. There are a few approaches that can work to make this happen:

• IP-based access control lists
• AUTH-based access control lists
• Stripping signatures when serving events
• Storing and serving encrypted content

Each of these approaches has its own set of trade-offs. But depending on use case, any of them or a combination of them could work to allow relay operators to carve out their own piece of the nostr-verse. In fact, this is a big part of what Coracle is about — the white-labeled version of the product confines certain notes to proprietary relays, with optional encrypted group support.

Enough of my polemic against blastr. Let's talk about how to make the outbox model actually work.

Hints are pointless

Right now, clients that implement the outbox model rely pretty heavily on relay hints to find related notes — whether user profiles, reply parents, or community definitions. The problem with hints is that they are prone to link rot. Many of the relays that were set up a year ago when nostr took off are no longer online, and yet they persist in user relay lists, and in relay hints. These hints can't be updated — they are set in stone. What this means is that a different mechanism has to be used to find the notes the hints were supposed to help locate.

Because of this, I've come around to the position that hints are basically pointless. They are fine as a stopgap, and might be appropriate for certain obscure and ill-defined use cases where relay urls are the most durable address type available. But they provide basically no value in supporting the long-term robustness of the network.

What are durable, however, are pubkeys. Pubkeys are available pretty much everywhere, except in event id hints — and there is a proposal in the works to add a pubkey to those too. The cool thing about pubkeys as hints is that once you have a pubkey, all you need to do is find that person's kind 10002 inbox/outbox selections, and you should be able to find any note they have published.

This goes with the caveat that when users change their relay selections, or rotate their key, they (or their relays) should be sure to copy their notes to the new relay/pubkey.

The question then is: how do I find a given pubkey's relay selections?

There are already several mechanisms that make this reasonably easy. First of all, NIP 65 explicitly recommends publishing relay selections to a wide range of relays. This is a place where the blastr approach is appropriate. As a result, relay selections are usually available on the most popular public relays. Then there are special purpose relays like purplepag.es, which actively seek out these notes and index them.

These indexes are not confined to relays either. It would be trivial to create a DVM that you could ask for a pubkey's relay selections, optionally for a fee. Alex Gleason's proxy tag could also be used to indicate indexes that exist outside the nostr network — whether that be torrents, DHT keys, or what have you.

The best part is that this doesn't negatively impact the decentralization of the network because in principle these indexes are stateless — in other words, they're easily derived from the state of the public part of the nostr network.

Just do it for me

Looping back to where we started — the complexity and technical challenges of implementing the outbox model — there is a simple solution that many people have experimented with in different ways that could solve both issues at once: proxies.

As I mentioned above, Tony thinks of blastr as a proxy, and he's right. More specifically, it's a write-proxy. This is only part of its functionality (it also acts as an independent agent which crawls the network. EDIT: apparently this is not true!), but it is an essential part of how people use it.

Another kind of proxy is a read proxy. There are several implementations of these, including my own multiplextr proxy, which is outbox-compatible (although it requires a wrapper protocol for use). The advantage of a proxy like this is that it can reduce the number of connections a client has to open, and the number of duplicate events it has to download.

Proxies can do all kinds of fancy things in the background too, like managing the outbox model on behalf of the client, building an index of everything the user would be likely to ask for in advance to speed up response times, and more.

One interesting possibility is that a NIP 46 signer could double as a proxy, reducing the number of round trips needed. And since a signer already has access to your private key, this kind of proxy would not result in an escalation in permissions necessary for the proxy to work.

It's simple

The number of cool and creative solutions to the content replication and indexing problem is huge, and certainly doesn't end with blastr. Just to summarize the next steps I'm excited to see (to be honest, I want to build them myself, but we all know how that goes):

• More clients supporting outbox
• Outbox implementations maturing (Coracle's still has some issues that need to be worked out)
• A shift from relying on relay hints to relying on pubkey hints + relay selection indexes of some kind
• Proxy/signer combos which can take on some of the heavy lifting for clients of delivering events to the right inboxes, and pulling events from the right outboxes

Let's get building!

@ e789edd6:7fb7ddb5

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, major platforms are accelerating the construction and expansion of their ecosystems. In early May, Neon significantly boosted its ecosystem capabilities and development through two key initiatives: launching the Lumen Money protocol and forming a strategic partnership with Eclipse. These moves not only strengthened Neon’s market position but also brought new opportunities and functionalities to its user and developer communities.

Firstly, the launch of Lumen Money provides Neon users with a new decentralized lending platform, allowing them to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies in a trustless manner. The protocol automates the lending process through smart contracts, with interest rates determined by dynamic algorithms based on the supply and demand of various supported cryptocurrencies. Additionally, since Lumen Money is deployed on Neon EVM, it can directly access the native liquidity of the Solana ecosystem and leverage its network advantages, significantly enhancing transaction efficiency and user experience.

Secondly, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in blockchain network interoperability. This partnership successfully overcomes the compatibility barrier between EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and SVM (Solana Virtual Machine) by integrating the mature technology suite, Neon Stack, developed by the core team at Neon EVM. This move not only enhances compatibility between EVM and SVM but also creates more possibilities for developers and users, driving the development and deployment of innovative applications.

Through these strategic initiatives, Neon not only strengthens its technical foundation but also provides its user and developer community with broader operational scope and more efficient tools. This demonstrates its firm commitment to advancing the forefront of blockchain technology and promoting ecosystem diversity. Below, we will briefly analyze the potential impact of launching the Lumen Money protocol and collaborating with Eclipse on Neon’s development.

Launching Lumen Money: A Revolutionary Lending Protocol Lumen Money is a brand-new decentralized finance (DeFi) platform that offers users a trustless lending environment. The core of this platform lies in its smart contracts, which automatically handle all lending activities and adjust interest rates in real-time based on market supply and demand dynamics.

Deployed on Neon EVM, Lumen Money can seamlessly integrate into the Solana ecosystem, providing platform users with native liquidity advantages while fully leveraging Solana’s network features. Utilizing the Compound Finance codebase, Lumen Money establishes a comprehensive money market, allowing Solana users to borrow and lend funds directly from its rich asset pool.

The platform employs an over-collateralized lending model, meaning borrowers need to provide assets worth more than the loan amount as collateral. This approach enhances the security of the lending process. Borrowers can deposit their crypto assets into Lumen’s lending pools and earn interest on these assets. The interest rates are determined by a utilization-based rate curve model, initially pioneered by Compound Finance.

To improve user experience and security, Lumen Money offers a diverse range of money market options, including popular assets like ETH, SOL, USDT, and USDC. Additionally, Lumen Money plans to gradually add more asset classes, including long-tail assets that can be utilized in isolated lending pools. The platform integrates top-tier oracle services like Pyth and Chainlink and implements time locks and multi-signature mechanisms for core contracts to ensure secure and reliable transactions.

Moreover, Lumen Money has introduced the Lumen Loyalty Points system to encourage user lending activities and platform engagement. These points reflect users’ contributions to the Lumen ecosystem, with a portion allocated for community airdrops and another portion used for community incentives and revenue-sharing models.

As the Neon EVM ecosystem continues to grow, Lumen Money’s participation undeniably brings broader application scenarios and deeper market engagement to the Neon platform. This not only enhances Neon’s market competitiveness but also offers its users a more diverse range of financial tools and services, showcasing Neon’s proactive stance and capability in driving blockchain financial innovation.

Neon and Eclipse Collaborate to Overcome EVM and SVM Compatibility Barriers In the rapidly evolving blockchain technology landscape, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in compatibility between two major ecosystems. Through this strategic alliance, Eclipse becomes the first platform to integrate the Neon Stack, achieving seamless compatibility between the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM). This accomplishment not only enhances the technical interoperability of the two platforms but also opens up new possibilities for developers and users, significantly advancing Web3’s penetration into the mainstream market.

Eclipse leverages its unique L2 modular design, combining Solana’s high-performance processing capabilities with Ethereum’s settlement features, to create a high-performance platform capable of handling large-scale transactions. The introduction of the Neon Stack provides crucial technical support to this structure, enabling SVM-based Eclipse to support native Ethereum dApps. This technological fusion resolves the long-standing incompatibility issue between EVM and SVM, allowing developers to deploy existing Ethereum applications on Solana without the need for extensive rewrites, while benefiting from lower transaction fees and faster processing speeds.

The Neon Stack itself is a comprehensive technological solution, including key components such as the Neon EVM smart contracts and Neon Proxy. These technologies not only simplify the process of transitioning from EVM to SVM but also enable Ethereum developers to seamlessly migrate to Solana by providing standard Web3 APIs. Additionally, the Neon Stack has been running on the Solana mainnet since July 2023, confirming its stability and efficiency.

This collaboration makes Eclipse the first platform in the market to leverage the advantages of both the Ethereum and Solana ecosystems simultaneously. Neel Somani, the founder and CEO of Eclipse Labs, stated, “Through our partnership with Neon Stack, we provide a platform for Solidity developers looking to build on high-performance Layer 2 solutions to realize their vision.” This integration not only strengthens the technical collaboration between the two platforms but also provides developers with a powerful tool to expand their applications without sacrificing performance.

Davide Menegaldo, Chief Business Officer of the Neon Foundation, added, “This collaboration is not just about technical integration but also about the convergence of two powerful ecosystems, providing a seamless experience for developers and users.” This technological collaboration and development signal a move towards broader applicability and acceptance of blockchain technology, offering a possible blueprint for the development of other platforms and applications within the industry.

Over the next few months, this collaborative relationship is expected to be fully realized through multiple rounds of testing and optimization. This will not only enhance interoperability for developers and users but also drive the widespread adoption of Web3 technology. Through this unprecedented technological collaboration, Neon and Eclipse are committed to building a more open, interoperable, and efficient blockchain ecosystem.

Leading the future: Innovative protocols and strategic partnerships drive a new blockchain landscape As a witness to the continuous evolution of blockchain technology, Neon has once again demonstrated its leadership in advancing the forefront of technology and expanding the ecosystem through the launch of the Lumen Money protocol and its strategic partnership with Eclipse. These initiatives not only bring technological innovation and market advantages to Neon but also open up new possibilities and opportunities for users and developer communities, potentially reshaping the way decentralized finance and application development are conducted.

However, Neon’s ambitions extend far beyond this. With the continuous maturation and expansion of the Neon EVM ecosystem, the company plans to continue driving innovation in its technology and services, aiming to become a leading platform in the blockchain space. By becoming a key player in the DeFi space with Lumen Money and accelerating blockchain interoperability through collaboration with Eclipse, Neon is steadily establishing its important position in the Web3 world.

Furthermore, as more developers and users experience the convenience and efficiency provided by Neon, the Neon EVM and its partner Eclipse will continue to be drivers of innovation, not only pushing forward blockchain technology but also building the Web3 revolution. This is just the beginning, and looking ahead, Neon is poised to lead more groundbreaking technological advancements, driving the entire blockchain industry towards broader applications and mainstream adoption.

@ ec0d8d50:74e4c93e

Betting on fouls in football is an exciting and often overlooked market. It requires a keen understanding of the game and the players' behavior on the field. This article explores strategies for betting on fouls in football, providing a comprehensive guide to help you make informed bets using Megapari.

Understanding the Nature of Fouls in Football:

Fouls are a fundamental aspect of football, influenced by various factors such as player temperament, match intensity, and refereeing style.

• Types of Fouls: Common fouls include tackles, handballs, and unsporting behavior.
• Referee Influence: Referees' leniency or strictness can significantly impact the number of fouls in a match.

Key Factors to Consider When Betting on Fouls:

Several factors can affect the frequency and nature of fouls in a football match.

• Player Temperament: Players known for their aggressive style or frequent yellow/red cards.
• Match Context: High-stakes matches often see more fouls due to increased intensity.
• Tactical Play: Teams employing physical or defensive tactics are likely to commit more fouls.

Betting Markets for Fouls on Megapari:

Megapari offers various betting markets related to fouls, providing multiple ways to capitalize on this aspect of the game.

• Total Fouls: Betting on the total number of fouls committed in a match.
• Player Fouls: Wagering on individual players to commit a certain number of fouls.
• Team Fouls: Betting on which team will commit more fouls.

Strategies for Betting on Fouls:

Effective strategies can help you navigate the unpredictable nature of fouls in football.

• Research and Analysis: Study team and player statistics, referee profiles, and historical match data.
• Live Betting: Use live betting options to place wagers as the match unfolds and player behaviors become apparent.
• Contextual Betting: Consider the importance of the match, rivalries, and current standings when placing bets.

Leveraging Megapari’s Features for Foul Betting:

Megapari provides several tools and features to enhance your foul betting experience.

• In-Depth Statistics: Access detailed stats on player and team fouls.
• Live Updates: Get real-time updates and adjust your bets accordingly.
• Promotions and Bonuses: Take advantage of special promotions for foul-related bets.

Examples of High-Foul Matches:

Explore historical matches known for high foul counts and consider these when making future bets.

• Derby Matches: Local derbies often see increased fouls due to intense rivalries. Title Deciders: Matches with significant implications for titles or relegation battles.

Conclusion:

Betting on fouls in football can be a thrilling and profitable market if approached with the right strategies and insights. By understanding the key factors influencing fouls and utilizing Megapari's comprehensive betting features

@ 94cf5e4a:7df02514

The world of online betting has come a long way since its inception. From rudimentary websites with limited options to sophisticated platforms like Melbet, the industry has evolved remarkably. This article delves into the early stages of online betting games, highlighting key milestones, technological advancements, and how Melbet has revolutionized the online betting experience.

The Birth of Online Betting

Online betting began in the mid-1990s with the advent of the internet. Early platforms were simple, offering basic betting options and limited sports coverage. The first online betting sites were often extensions of physical sportsbooks, aimed at reaching a broader audience.

• Key Developments: Introduction of secure online payment methods, basic user interfaces, and limited live betting options.

Technological Advancements:

As technology advanced, so did online betting platforms. The late 1990s and early 2000s saw the integration of more sophisticated software, better graphics, and improved user experiences.

• Significant Innovations: Enhanced security measures, the advent of live streaming, and the introduction of mobile betting apps.

Melbet’s Entry and Impact:

Melbet entered the market with a focus on user-centric features and extensive betting options. By offering a wide range of sports, casino games, and innovative betting markets, Melbet set a new standard in the industry.

• Unique Features: Real-time betting, diverse payment options, and a comprehensive mobile app.

User Experience and Interface:

Early online betting platforms were often clunky and difficult to navigate. Melbet, however, prioritized a seamless user experience, making it easy for bettors to find and place bets quickly.

• User-Friendly Design: Intuitive interface, quick access to popular bets, and personalized user dashboards.

Live Betting and Real-Time Updates:

One of the most significant advancements in online betting is live betting. Melbet excels in this area by providing real-time updates and live streaming of events, allowing users to make informed bets as the action unfolds.

• Real-Time Betting: Live odds adjustments, instant bet placement, and interactive features like cash-out options.

Future Trends in Online Betting:

The future of online betting looks promising with advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and blockchain technology. Melbet continues to innovate, staying ahead of trends and offering cutting-edge features to its users.

• Emerging Technologies: AI-driven predictions, VR-based betting experiences, and secure blockchain transactions.

Conclusion:

The journey of online betting from its early stages to the present day has been marked by significant technological advancements and increased user engagement. Melbet has played a crucial role in this evolution, offering a top-notch betting experience with innovative features and a user-friendly interface. As the industry continues to grow, Melbet remains at the forefront, shaping the future of online betting.

@ e789edd6:7fb7ddb5

Over the past year, Chingari has emerged as a dark horse in the SocialFi field, showcasing a remarkable growth trajectory. According to the data presented, since May 2023, Chingari has experienced significant fluctuations and growth in its independent active user count (UAW), transaction volume, and number of transactions. Particularly at the beginning of 2024, Chingari witnessed several substantial increases in user activity and transaction volume, demonstrating its strong performance in the market.

According to Coin98 Analytics, in the past 30 days, Chingari ranks seventh in the number of independent active addresses, with a total of 777K, indicating its gradually solidifying position in the SocialFi app landscape. This achievement not only reflects Chingari’s breakthroughs in technology and product development, but also highlights its precise understanding of user demands and market trends.

Whether in the Web2 or Web3 world, social applications have become a necessity for users, and Chingari has gradually attracted a large number of users’ attention and participation with its unique operating model and innovative features. Next, we will delve into an analysis of Chingari’s operational strategies and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

Chingari Platform Overview: Indian Innovative Short Video Social App with Impressive Incentive Mechanisms and User Growth Chingari is a popular short video social application that has quickly gained prominence in the Indian market since its launch in 2020. Similar to China’s TikTok, Chingari allows users to earn rewards by creating and sharing short video content. With its innovative features and reward mechanisms, Chingari has attracted a large number of users, forming a massive community with over 175 million current users.

Expanding User Base

Chingari’s vision is to become the best short video sharing platform for users, dedicated to providing opportunities for talented individuals to showcase themselves. Users can capture and share perfect videos to showcase themselves to the world. Currently, Chingari boasts over 50 million users and 160 million views, with downloads exceeding 130 million times. The platform offers multiple language versions to enable more people to use this popular new platform and emphasizes protecting user data and security to ensure users can use it with peace of mind.

Innovative Reward Mechanisms

Chingari not only provides a platform to showcase talent but also incentivizes user participation in content creation through various means. Users can earn GARI tokens by watching, sharing, and creating video content. These tokens can be used to unlock special content from creators or purchase voice or video call experiences with creators. By staking idle assets in the wallet, users can also earn additional rewards. This “create and earn” and “participate and earn” mechanism greatly stimulates user enthusiasm and promotes platform activity.

Financing and Development

In just a few years, Chingari has achieved significant milestones. In 2021, Chingari raised $19 million in funding and was ranked as India’s number one social networking app in the Indian government’s “App Innovation Challenge.” In May 2022, Chingari completed a $15 million Series A expansion round of financing, providing a solid foundation for further development. In the future, Chingari plans to launch integrated beta testing and live testing of blockchain, further enriching user experience and driving the platform’s continued development.

Through these efforts, Chingari is continuously reshaping the social media landscape, providing users with better experiences and more opportunities. Chingari’s success is not only a breakthrough in technology and products but also a precise understanding of user needs and market trends. Next, we will delve into the operational strategies of Chingari and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

In-depth Analysis of Chingari’s Integration with Kana Labs Paymaster: A Crucial Layout for Decentralized Social Media Innovation and Integration: Chingari’s Latest Move

On February 23, 2024, Chingari, a leading short video sharing platform in the Web3 space, announced its integration with Kana Labs Paymaster service, offering sponsored transactions covering gas fees. This move aims to further optimize user experience, lower the barrier of entry for users, and foster widespread adoption of the platform. Since its establishment in 2018, Chingari has been dedicated to empowering creators through NFT technology, providing content ownership management, and now boasts nearly 5 million daily active users with a daily video viewing count of up to 200 million.

The Significance of Paymaster Technology

Paymaster is a blockchain infrastructure that allows companies or third-party entities to store tokens for sponsoring transactions. This means that any dApp integrated with Paymaster technology can provide its users with a seamless transaction experience without the complexity of gas fees. Paymaster accounts hold various tokens used to pay for transaction fees, enabling these dApps to cover the gas fees for transactions, thus simplifying the user’s operational process.

Kana Labs’ Paymaster service is widely recognized for its efficiency and reliability and is recommended by Aptos Labs as the preferred choice for dApp integration. Chingari chose to partner with Kana Labs not only for its advantages in the multi-chain ecosystem but also for Kana Labs’ excellent performance in cross-chain solutions and smart wallet capabilities. By integrating Kana Labs Paymaster service, Chingari can effectively reduce users’ transaction costs, enhance platform scalability, and improve user satisfaction.

The Future of Decentralized Ecosystems

Chingari, initially built on the Solana network, has now migrated to the Aptos network to leverage its higher scalability and lower gas fees. This multi-chain strategy ensures Chingari’s leading position in both technological innovation and user experience. Since mid-February 2024, Chingari has sponsored over 800,000 transactions through the Kana Labs Paymaster service. This integration not only enhances the platform’s decentralized transaction management capabilities but also enables users to enjoy a more convenient Web3 experience.

In the future, as Kana Labs continues to expand its services in the multi-chain ecosystem, Chingari will be able to achieve greater market penetration and technical integration on a global scale. Through this collaboration, Chingari not only enhances its own competitiveness but also sets new benchmarks for the development of decentralized social media. This move by Chingari heralds more innovation and transformation for decentralized social platforms in the future.

Chingari’s Multi-Pronged Approach Leads to Comprehensive Improvement in User Engagement and Platform Functionality Web3 social media enthusiasts are well aware that Chingari, as a leading short video sharing platform, has gained significant influence both within and outside the Web3 community. Specifically, Chingari has made remarkable progress in several areas, making waves in the market:

Firstly, in terms of user incentives, Chingari has significantly increased user engagement through a series of reward mechanisms. For example, on May 10, 2024, Chingari announced the “Refer and Earn Leaderboard Contest” on the X platform, with a prize pool of up to $100,000 in GARI tokens. This initiative encourages users to refer new users and stay active on the platform, with referrers earning 100 $GARI for each successful referral and referees earning 50 $GARI. This initiative not only promotes user growth but also enhances community interaction.

In terms of platform operations, Chingari has adopted a strategy of regularly burning GARI tokens to control token supply and increase their scarcity. On May 13, 2024, Chingari announced the successful burning of 500,000 GARI tokens, worth approximately $11,000, reducing the total supply by 1.61%. This burning mechanism effectively enhances token value and boosts user confidence in the platform’s long-term development.

Additionally, Chingari has introduced several advanced trading tools, enhancing the user trading experience. On May 30, 2024, the platform launched DEX aggregation functionality, providing better trading options through Raydium and Meteor. Meanwhile, users can utilize limit orders and Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) automated investment strategies to better control their trading and investment plans. By staking GARI tokens, users not only gain voting rights but also participate in platform governance, voting on proposals, thereby enhancing their involvement in platform decisions.

To further enhance user experience and platform functionality, Chingari plans to launch perpetual contract trading using Drift.trade and Raydium liquidity on July 5, 2024. Additionally, users can borrow other cryptocurrencies using GARI or SOL tokens as collateral until July 30, 2024, unlocking more liquidity and improving asset utilization efficiency.

Overall, through these strategies and feature innovations, Chingari has not only successfully expanded its user base and platform functionality diversity but also demonstrated its forward-looking layout and innovative spirit in the Web3 social media field. However, despite these measures showing strong growth potential, future market changes and user demands remain uncertain. Whether Chingari can maintain its leading position in the fierce competition in the future remains to be seen.

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

Wrangle up your latest tech discoveries, reviews, and recommendations. Let's hear all about your favorite tech products, services, or projects!

Feel free to share any new tech you've heard about, bought for yourself, or technology that you just think other stackers should know about. Found any gadgets or gizmos that blew your mind? Don't be shy—share the pros and cons and help your fellow stackers in the ~AGORA stay ahead of the tech curve!

Send your best 👇

@ 614420cd:d4678b70

test

@ 12fd224c:faab5655

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, major platforms are accelerating the construction and expansion of their ecosystems. In early May, Neon significantly boosted its ecosystem capabilities and development through two key initiatives: launching the Lumen Money protocol and forming a strategic partnership with Eclipse. These moves not only strengthened Neon’s market position but also brought new opportunities and functionalities to its user and developer communities.

Firstly, the launch of Lumen Money provides Neon users with a new decentralized lending platform, allowing them to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies in a trustless manner. The protocol automates the lending process through smart contracts, with interest rates determined by dynamic algorithms based on the supply and demand of various supported cryptocurrencies. Additionally, since Lumen Money is deployed on Neon EVM, it can directly access the native liquidity of the Solana ecosystem and leverage its network advantages, significantly enhancing transaction efficiency and user experience.

Secondly, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in blockchain network interoperability. This partnership successfully overcomes the compatibility barrier between EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and SVM (Solana Virtual Machine) by integrating the mature technology suite, Neon Stack, developed by the core team at Neon EVM. This move not only enhances compatibility between EVM and SVM but also creates more possibilities for developers and users, driving the development and deployment of innovative applications.

Through these strategic initiatives, Neon not only strengthens its technical foundation but also provides its user and developer community with broader operational scope and more efficient tools. This demonstrates its firm commitment to advancing the forefront of blockchain technology and promoting ecosystem diversity. Below, we will briefly analyze the potential impact of launching the Lumen Money protocol and collaborating with Eclipse on Neon’s development.

Launching Lumen Money: A Revolutionary Lending Protocol Lumen Money is a brand-new decentralized finance (DeFi) platform that offers users a trustless lending environment. The core of this platform lies in its smart contracts, which automatically handle all lending activities and adjust interest rates in real-time based on market supply and demand dynamics.

Deployed on Neon EVM, Lumen Money can seamlessly integrate into the Solana ecosystem, providing platform users with native liquidity advantages while fully leveraging Solana’s network features. Utilizing the Compound Finance codebase, Lumen Money establishes a comprehensive money market, allowing Solana users to borrow and lend funds directly from its rich asset pool.

The platform employs an over-collateralized lending model, meaning borrowers need to provide assets worth more than the loan amount as collateral. This approach enhances the security of the lending process. Borrowers can deposit their crypto assets into Lumen’s lending pools and earn interest on these assets. The interest rates are determined by a utilization-based rate curve model, initially pioneered by Compound Finance.

To improve user experience and security, Lumen Money offers a diverse range of money market options, including popular assets like ETH, SOL, USDT, and USDC. Additionally, Lumen Money plans to gradually add more asset classes, including long-tail assets that can be utilized in isolated lending pools. The platform integrates top-tier oracle services like Pyth and Chainlink and implements time locks and multi-signature mechanisms for core contracts to ensure secure and reliable transactions.

Moreover, Lumen Money has introduced the Lumen Loyalty Points system to encourage user lending activities and platform engagement. These points reflect users’ contributions to the Lumen ecosystem, with a portion allocated for community airdrops and another portion used for community incentives and revenue-sharing models.

As the Neon EVM ecosystem continues to grow, Lumen Money’s participation undeniably brings broader application scenarios and deeper market engagement to the Neon platform. This not only enhances Neon’s market competitiveness but also offers its users a more diverse range of financial tools and services, showcasing Neon’s proactive stance and capability in driving blockchain financial innovation.

Neon and Eclipse Collaborate to Overcome EVM and SVM Compatibility Barriers In the rapidly evolving blockchain technology landscape, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in compatibility between two major ecosystems. Through this strategic alliance, Eclipse becomes the first platform to integrate the Neon Stack, achieving seamless compatibility between the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM). This accomplishment not only enhances the technical interoperability of the two platforms but also opens up new possibilities for developers and users, significantly advancing Web3’s penetration into the mainstream market.

Eclipse leverages its unique L2 modular design, combining Solana’s high-performance processing capabilities with Ethereum’s settlement features, to create a high-performance platform capable of handling large-scale transactions. The introduction of the Neon Stack provides crucial technical support to this structure, enabling SVM-based Eclipse to support native Ethereum dApps. This technological fusion resolves the long-standing incompatibility issue between EVM and SVM, allowing developers to deploy existing Ethereum applications on Solana without the need for extensive rewrites, while benefiting from lower transaction fees and faster processing speeds.

The Neon Stack itself is a comprehensive technological solution, including key components such as the Neon EVM smart contracts and Neon Proxy. These technologies not only simplify the process of transitioning from EVM to SVM but also enable Ethereum developers to seamlessly migrate to Solana by providing standard Web3 APIs. Additionally, the Neon Stack has been running on the Solana mainnet since July 2023, confirming its stability and efficiency.

This collaboration makes Eclipse the first platform in the market to leverage the advantages of both the Ethereum and Solana ecosystems simultaneously. Neel Somani, the founder and CEO of Eclipse Labs, stated, “Through our partnership with Neon Stack, we provide a platform for Solidity developers looking to build on high-performance Layer 2 solutions to realize their vision.” This integration not only strengthens the technical collaboration between the two platforms but also provides developers with a powerful tool to expand their applications without sacrificing performance.

Davide Menegaldo, Chief Business Officer of the Neon Foundation, added, “This collaboration is not just about technical integration but also about the convergence of two powerful ecosystems, providing a seamless experience for developers and users.” This technological collaboration and development signal a move towards broader applicability and acceptance of blockchain technology, offering a possible blueprint for the development of other platforms and applications within the industry.

Over the next few months, this collaborative relationship is expected to be fully realized through multiple rounds of testing and optimization. This will not only enhance interoperability for developers and users but also drive the widespread adoption of Web3 technology. Through this unprecedented technological collaboration, Neon and Eclipse are committed to building a more open, interoperable, and efficient blockchain ecosystem.

Leading the future: Innovative protocols and strategic partnerships drive a new blockchain landscape As a witness to the continuous evolution of blockchain technology, Neon has once again demonstrated its leadership in advancing the forefront of technology and expanding the ecosystem through the launch of the Lumen Money protocol and its strategic partnership with Eclipse. These initiatives not only bring technological innovation and market advantages to Neon but also open up new possibilities and opportunities for users and developer communities, potentially reshaping the way decentralized finance and application development are conducted.

However, Neon’s ambitions extend far beyond this. With the continuous maturation and expansion of the Neon EVM ecosystem, the company plans to continue driving innovation in its technology and services, aiming to become a leading platform in the blockchain space. By becoming a key player in the DeFi space with Lumen Money and accelerating blockchain interoperability through collaboration with Eclipse, Neon is steadily establishing its important position in the Web3 world.

Furthermore, as more developers and users experience the convenience and efficiency provided by Neon, the Neon EVM and its partner Eclipse will continue to be drivers of innovation, not only pushing forward blockchain technology but also building the Web3 revolution. This is just the beginning, and looking ahead, Neon is poised to lead more groundbreaking technological advancements, driving the entire blockchain industry towards broader applications and mainstream adoption.

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Table Of Content

• Content

• Conclusion

• FAQ

• You May Also Like

• External Links

Indicators, both leading and trailing, may be used to gauge the health of an economy or financial market. In other words, leading indicators change before a market trend or economic cycle.In contrast, trailing indicators are backward-looking and provide information about a market's or economy's past performance.

meaning that whereas lagging indicators provide signals based on an ongoing trend, leading indicators give predictive signals (in advance of the occurrence of events or trends). Stock, forex, and cryptocurrency traders rely heavily on these two types of indicators because of their use in technical analysis (TA).

The history of technical analysis (TA) indicators in the financial markets dates back to the early 20th century. These indicators are based on concepts established between the years spanning 1902 and 1929, when the Dow Theory was formulated. Simply put, the Dow Theory argues that price fluctuations are not random and may be anticipated via careful study of past market activity.

Additionally, both leading and trailing indicators are used when charting economic success. Because of this, they are connected to a wide range of economic data and indices in addition to technical analysis and market pricing.

How do leading and lagging indicators work?

Leading indicators

As was previously said, leading indicators may shed light on upcoming patterns. As a result, these metrics might be used to foretell the onset of a downturn or the beginning of a rebound. The stock market, retail sales, and the issuance of construction licenses are just a few examples.

Thus, leading indicators are best used for short- to medium-term forecasting because of their tendency to lead economic cycles. Permits to construct buildings, for instance, may serve as a proxy for future economic growth. They could be a sign that the need for construction workers and real estate investments will grow.

Lagging indicators

In contrast to leading indicators, which are used to predict future trends, lagging indicators are used to detect patterns that have already taken place. That's why indicators of this kind always lag behind business cycles.

Long-term evaluations, such as those based on past economic performance or past pricing data, sometimes use lagging indicators. That is to say, lagging indicators are those that provide indications based on a market trend or financial event that has already taken place.

Coincident indicators

Coincident indications are a third kind of indicator worth considering, despite their lower profile in the bitcoin industry. These signs fall between the extremes of the previous two categories. They function very quickly in order to provide data on the present state of the economy.

The number of hours worked by a workforce or the output of a certain industry (like manufacturing or mining), for example, might be used to construct a coincident indicator.

However, it is important to remember that there is some fuzziness around the precise definitions of leading, lagging, and coincident indicators. Depending on the chosen approach and the given circumstances, several signs may be classified differently. particularly prevalent in economic metrics like the gross domestic product (GDP).

Gross domestic product is often a lagging indicator since it is determined by looking back at previous data. However, it may be a coincident signal in certain circumstances when it reflects rapid changes in the economy.

Uses in technical analysis

Financial markets include economic data as well. To help them make decisions, many investors and chartists use technical analysis tools that may be classified as either leading or lagging indications.

The primary function of the leading TA indicators is to serve as a type of forecasting. They often depend on current market conditions and the number of trades. This suggests they may foretell future market shifts. However, they have the same limitations as any other kind of data analysis.

The relative strength index (RSI) and the stochastic relative strength index (Stochastic RSI) are two technical analysis leading indicators. Candlesticks, too, may be interpreted as a leading indication because of the patterns they produce. In the real world, these trends could help us predict what the market will do next.

In contrast, trailing TA indicators use historical data to provide traders with information about the past. Nonetheless, they might be useful for anticipating the emergence of new market trends. For instance, the beginning of a downtrend may be signaled when the price falls below a moving average after an uptrend has ended.

Both sorts of indicators may sometimes be seen side by side on the same chart. For example, the Ichimoku Cloud includes both forward-looking and trailing data.

There are benefits and drawbacks to using both leading and trailing indicators in technical analysis. Indicators that may foretell future trends, known as "leading indicators," seem to provide the most promising chances for traders. Unfortunately, leading indications may provide false readings.

However, trailing indicators are more trustworthy since their boundaries have already been established by recent market activity. However, lagging indicators have a clear drawback in that they are slow to respond to changes in the market. In certain situations, the indications may arrive too late for a trader to establish a profitable position, reducing the possible profits.

Uses in macroeconomics

Indicators serve as a valuable tool for analyzing macroeconomic developments in addition to the pricing market. Even though economic indicators are distinct from technical analysis indicators, they nonetheless fall into two basic categories: leading and trailing.

Other examples of leading economic indicators include retail sales, home prices, and factory activity levels. The common consensus is that these factors will influence or at least shed light on what the economy will do in the future.

Unemployment and inflation rates are two more standard instances of trailing macroeconomic indicators. These metrics, along with gross domestic product and the consumer price index, are often used to evaluate a country's progress over time or to compare it to others'.

Conclusion

Both leading and trailing indicators play crucial roles in several subfields of finance, from technical analysis to macroeconomics. Because they often combine many distinct ideas into a single tool, they are useful for interpreting a wide range of data types. Therefore, these indicators may be used to foretell or verify the occurrence of future trends. On the other hand, they may be helpful for judging a country's economic progress in terms of past years or international standards.

FAQs

What are the leading indicators in crypto? Predicting future price changes using historical data is what leading indicators are all about. To initiate a trade at the beginning of a trend, traders may use these sorts of indications to foretell the direction in which prices will go.

How do you tell if an indicator is leading or lagging? The forward-facing indicators, known as "leading indicators," scan the road ahead through the glass. To see where you've been, lagging indications use the rear window. Lagging indicators provide information about the past, such as revenue, and are used in finance.

What are leading and lagging indicators in trading? The goal of leading indicators is to foretell where the price is going, whereas the purpose of lagging indicators is to provide a report on the past circumstances that led to the present price. Over time, trend indicators (lagging indicators) determine whether a market is going up, down, or staying relatively stable.

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@ 12fd224c:faab5655

Over the past year, Chingari has emerged as a dark horse in the SocialFi field, showcasing a remarkable growth trajectory. According to the data presented, since May 2023, Chingari has experienced significant fluctuations and growth in its independent active user count (UAW), transaction volume, and number of transactions. Particularly at the beginning of 2024, Chingari witnessed several substantial increases in user activity and transaction volume, demonstrating its strong performance in the market.

According to Coin98 Analytics, in the past 30 days, Chingari ranks seventh in the number of independent active addresses, with a total of 777K, indicating its gradually solidifying position in the SocialFi app landscape. This achievement not only reflects Chingari’s breakthroughs in technology and product development, but also highlights its precise understanding of user demands and market trends.

Whether in the Web2 or Web3 world, social applications have become a necessity for users, and Chingari has gradually attracted a large number of users’ attention and participation with its unique operating model and innovative features. Next, we will delve into an analysis of Chingari’s operational strategies and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

Chingari Platform Overview: Indian Innovative Short Video Social App with Impressive Incentive Mechanisms and User Growth Chingari is a popular short video social application that has quickly gained prominence in the Indian market since its launch in 2020. Similar to China’s TikTok, Chingari allows users to earn rewards by creating and sharing short video content. With its innovative features and reward mechanisms, Chingari has attracted a large number of users, forming a massive community with over 175 million current users.

Expanding User Base

Chingari’s vision is to become the best short video sharing platform for users, dedicated to providing opportunities for talented individuals to showcase themselves. Users can capture and share perfect videos to showcase themselves to the world. Currently, Chingari boasts over 50 million users and 160 million views, with downloads exceeding 130 million times. The platform offers multiple language versions to enable more people to use this popular new platform and emphasizes protecting user data and security to ensure users can use it with peace of mind.

Innovative Reward Mechanisms

Chingari not only provides a platform to showcase talent but also incentivizes user participation in content creation through various means. Users can earn GARI tokens by watching, sharing, and creating video content. These tokens can be used to unlock special content from creators or purchase voice or video call experiences with creators. By staking idle assets in the wallet, users can also earn additional rewards. This “create and earn” and “participate and earn” mechanism greatly stimulates user enthusiasm and promotes platform activity.

Financing and Development

In just a few years, Chingari has achieved significant milestones. In 2021, Chingari raised $19 million in funding and was ranked as India’s number one social networking app in the Indian government’s “App Innovation Challenge.” In May 2022, Chingari completed a $15 million Series A expansion round of financing, providing a solid foundation for further development. In the future, Chingari plans to launch integrated beta testing and live testing of blockchain, further enriching user experience and driving the platform’s continued development.

Through these efforts, Chingari is continuously reshaping the social media landscape, providing users with better experiences and more opportunities. Chingari’s success is not only a breakthrough in technology and products but also a precise understanding of user needs and market trends. Next, we will delve into the operational strategies of Chingari and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

In-depth Analysis of Chingari’s Integration with Kana Labs Paymaster: A Crucial Layout for Decentralized Social Media Innovation and Integration: Chingari’s Latest Move

On February 23, 2024, Chingari, a leading short video sharing platform in the Web3 space, announced its integration with Kana Labs Paymaster service, offering sponsored transactions covering gas fees. This move aims to further optimize user experience, lower the barrier of entry for users, and foster widespread adoption of the platform. Since its establishment in 2018, Chingari has been dedicated to empowering creators through NFT technology, providing content ownership management, and now boasts nearly 5 million daily active users with a daily video viewing count of up to 200 million.

The Significance of Paymaster Technology

Paymaster is a blockchain infrastructure that allows companies or third-party entities to store tokens for sponsoring transactions. This means that any dApp integrated with Paymaster technology can provide its users with a seamless transaction experience without the complexity of gas fees. Paymaster accounts hold various tokens used to pay for transaction fees, enabling these dApps to cover the gas fees for transactions, thus simplifying the user’s operational process.

Kana Labs’ Paymaster service is widely recognized for its efficiency and reliability and is recommended by Aptos Labs as the preferred choice for dApp integration. Chingari chose to partner with Kana Labs not only for its advantages in the multi-chain ecosystem but also for Kana Labs’ excellent performance in cross-chain solutions and smart wallet capabilities. By integrating Kana Labs Paymaster service, Chingari can effectively reduce users’ transaction costs, enhance platform scalability, and improve user satisfaction.

The Future of Decentralized Ecosystems

Chingari, initially built on the Solana network, has now migrated to the Aptos network to leverage its higher scalability and lower gas fees. This multi-chain strategy ensures Chingari’s leading position in both technological innovation and user experience. Since mid-February 2024, Chingari has sponsored over 800,000 transactions through the Kana Labs Paymaster service. This integration not only enhances the platform’s decentralized transaction management capabilities but also enables users to enjoy a more convenient Web3 experience.

In the future, as Kana Labs continues to expand its services in the multi-chain ecosystem, Chingari will be able to achieve greater market penetration and technical integration on a global scale. Through this collaboration, Chingari not only enhances its own competitiveness but also sets new benchmarks for the development of decentralized social media. This move by Chingari heralds more innovation and transformation for decentralized social platforms in the future.

Chingari’s Multi-Pronged Approach Leads to Comprehensive Improvement in User Engagement and Platform Functionality Web3 social media enthusiasts are well aware that Chingari, as a leading short video sharing platform, has gained significant influence both within and outside the Web3 community. Specifically, Chingari has made remarkable progress in several areas, making waves in the market:

Firstly, in terms of user incentives, Chingari has significantly increased user engagement through a series of reward mechanisms. For example, on May 10, 2024, Chingari announced the “Refer and Earn Leaderboard Contest” on the X platform, with a prize pool of up to $100,000 in GARI tokens. This initiative encourages users to refer new users and stay active on the platform, with referrers earning 100 $GARI for each successful referral and referees earning 50 $GARI. This initiative not only promotes user growth but also enhances community interaction.

In terms of platform operations, Chingari has adopted a strategy of regularly burning GARI tokens to control token supply and increase their scarcity. On May 13, 2024, Chingari announced the successful burning of 500,000 GARI tokens, worth approximately $11,000, reducing the total supply by 1.61%. This burning mechanism effectively enhances token value and boosts user confidence in the platform’s long-term development.

Additionally, Chingari has introduced several advanced trading tools, enhancing the user trading experience. On May 30, 2024, the platform launched DEX aggregation functionality, providing better trading options through Raydium and Meteor. Meanwhile, users can utilize limit orders and Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) automated investment strategies to better control their trading and investment plans. By staking GARI tokens, users not only gain voting rights but also participate in platform governance, voting on proposals, thereby enhancing their involvement in platform decisions.

To further enhance user experience and platform functionality, Chingari plans to launch perpetual contract trading using Drift.trade and Raydium liquidity on July 5, 2024. Additionally, users can borrow other cryptocurrencies using GARI or SOL tokens as collateral until July 30, 2024, unlocking more liquidity and improving asset utilization efficiency.

Overall, through these strategies and feature innovations, Chingari has not only successfully expanded its user base and platform functionality diversity but also demonstrated its forward-looking layout and innovative spirit in the Web3 social media field. However, despite these measures showing strong growth potential, future market changes and user demands remain uncertain. Whether Chingari can maintain its leading position in the fierce competition in the future remains to be seen.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Previously, I wrote about my concerns surrounding the Keynesian Beauty Contest nature of Stacker News: https://stacker.news/items/473181/r/Undisciplined. Check that out for context.

Now, I'd like to add some thoughts about why I'm hopeful that we can sustain a culture of authenticity in the face of the perverse incentives those contests have.

Repeated games are different

The most important element that I didn't touch on in the previous post is that most of us don't just use Stacker News once and abscond with our rewards. We come back over and over again.

That matters for the incentives because we aren't just guessing today's beauty contest winner, we're signaling who tomorrow's contestants should be. If you're zapping posts that you don't like, just because you expect them to do well, then you're going to have more posts like that to look at in the future and fewer of the ones you do want to look at.

Eventually, I imagine inauthentic zappers will lose interest in a site that only offers content that's valuable to other people.

Authenticity optimizes global trust

Our votes in this beauty contest are weighted by our global trust score, which is something like our propensity to zap content that is valued by others. It's based on our individual trust scores with every other stacker, though, and this is what got me thinking about this post.

When you zap inauthentically, you may get more rewards today, but you are also increasing the trust scores of those who also zap that way and decreasing the scores of those who share your authentic preferences.

Alternatively, if you zap authentically, then you will elevate those who share your preferences and give more weight to their votes in the future. This incentivizes such people to be on Stacker News at all.

TLDR

Long-term, being authentic actually maximizes your voting power on Stacker News and will result in being maximally rewarded for zapping your favorite content.

That's in addition to the direct effect of incentivizing people to make more content that you like.

Zap true and Stacker News will become the place you want it to be.

Some other posts about using SN well

(Just hover over links to see the post titles)

From me https://stacker.news/items/287074/r/Undisciplined https://stacker.news/items/523858/r/Undisciplined https://stacker.news/items/488525/r/Undisciplined

From @Natalia https://stacker.news/items/252695 https://stacker.news/items/392551

From @cryotosensei https://stacker.news/items/400068/r/Undisciplined https://stacker.news/items/444755/r/Undisciplined https://stacker.news/items/393176/r/Undisciplined

As always, zap well.

@ 52387c6b:49dbdfb2

Chef's notes

Easy start to the day, can also put some Woostr in your Bloody Mary. Perfect for washing down the toast. Breakfast of champions. If you have some sharp cheddar you can melt this on the toast, altho this may prove too complex for the average bloke, just an option. Be mindful this will add significant prep and cook time. 2-3 minutes

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 sec
• 🍳 Cook time: 2 min
• 🍽️ Servings: 1

Ingredients

• 2 slices of bread
• Butter
• Woostr sauce
• Bloody Mary

Directions

1. Toast bread to your liking, lather a dollop of butter on. Criss cross the toast with a butter knife ( so the woostr dont roll off) and then drizzle on woostr.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

I'm starting off my NBA post mortem series with the Thunder, because they're a favorite of the largely Canadian audience here and because I think they have one of the simpler roads ahead.

Young Team, Open Window

As with our final four, it's odd for such a young team to be legitimately near contending for a title, but they clearly are. Titles are won by top 5 players with good injury luck and OKC had both.

I whole-heartedly agree with the criticism Richard Jefferson expressed about how they blew their opportunity this year, by not doing more at the trade deadline. They already have too many good young players, so what's the point of keeping that hoard of draft picks?

Would they have been more competitive with Alex Caruso, Mikal Bridges, or Daniel Gafford? They had the resources to get any of them.

However, the advantage of going into the playoffs with the guys they had is that they learned a lot about what needs to change: Chet's too small and Giddy ain't it.

They are really onto something, though, and the core of SGA, Chet, and Dort is a great starting point.

Roadmap

OKC has sufficient cap space and trade assets to basically do whatever they want. I think the core considerations are culture fit and complementarity with SGA and Chet. For that reason, I think most star players should be off their board, although a reunion with Paul George might make sense.

I heard Lauri Markkanen floated as the perfect fit and that makes a lot of sense. He should be available and he's a good rebounder who won't clog the paint. He's also not such a big star that they need to worry about his ego.

Other than that, everyone can always use more shooting. I'd look into acquiring Duncan Robinson from the Heat. He's as dangerous of a shooter as there is and he's a great teammate and his length gives him positional versatility.

How does this look for next year's playoff team?

C: Chet F: Lauri F: Duncan G: Dort G: SGA

Who should I cover next?

@ 1123ece2:7d1e00c0

Welcome to The Refinery.

The Master’s recipe for Effective Praying is the theme we have been working through for the last few Sunday's and is a study of the petitions found in the Lord’s prayer.

Today we are discussing, Thy Will Be Done.

The Text we will concentrate on today is,

Matthew 6:10 NKJV

10 Your kingdom come. Your will be done On earth as it is in heaven.

Further Scripture Reading includes,

Luke 22:39-46 NKJV

The Prayer in the Garden

39 Coming out, He went to the Mount of Olives, as He was accustomed, and His disciples also followed Him. 

40 When He came to the place, He said to them, “Pray that you may not enter into temptation.”

41 And He was withdrawn from them about a stone’s throw, and He knelt down and prayed, 

42 saying, “Father, if it is Your will, take this cup away from Me; nevertheless not My will, but Yours, be done.” 

43 Then an angel appeared to Him from heaven, strengthening Him. 

44 And being in agony, He prayed more earnestly. Then His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground.

45 When He rose up from prayer, and had come to His disciples, He found them sleeping from sorrow. 

46 Then He said to them, “Why do you sleep? Rise and pray, lest you enter into temptation.”

Introduction.

“It is God’s will.”

These words are often used to interpret the tragedies of life.

In legal language, “an act of God” is used to explain the great catastrophes that bring so much suffering and ruin.

Yet Jesus instructed us to pray, “Thy will be done.”

Does that mean that we are praying for catastrophes and tragedies to fall upon us?

Such tragic events are not what we find associated with God’s will in the Bible.

God wills to create a world, to create humans, to send His Son, to redeem humans.

These things are an expression of God’s eternal purpose and will be accomplished, so there is really no need for us to pray for the accomplishment of them.

But God’s will also includes His commands and His plan for our day to day lives.

Thus we need to pray that His will might be done in our lives and in the lives of others.

The concern of this particular petition is how we are to do God’s will.

Since His will is to be done “on earth as it is in heaven,” we are to look to heaven for our pattern of response.

Even though we do not know as much about heaven as we would like to know, we do know enough to give us some helpful instructions at this point.

1. **Submissively. **

There is only one Lord in heaven.

Every creature bows before Him in worship, adoration, and submission.

In Isaiah six, Isaiah records that he saw angelic beings with six wings.

Two of their wings were used to fly with the speed to carry out God’s every wish, and two we used to cover their faces as an act of reverence in His presence.

In the end time revelation of Jesus Christ, John saw the saints bowing before God and casting their crowns at His feet.

John describe the saints as those who “serve Him day and night.”

He is absolute Lord over everything there, and everyone is completely submissive to His will. 

Sometimes we obey without actually being submissive.

A little boy once expressed this thought eloquently to his mother when she made him sit in the corner as a form of discipline.

He didn't like it, so he tried to stand up.

But she was firm and insisted that he be seated.

As he took his seat, he replied, “I may be sitting on the outside, but I'm still standing on the inside.”

She could make him respond physically, but she could not make him submissive in the spirit.

Some of us respond to God's will in this way.

We give in to the insistence of God, but we do not really submit to him as Lord.

Thus petition “Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven is a place that we would have the very spirit of heaven as we approach God's will.

Our attitude and doing God's will is just as important as the act itself.

2. Completely.

Completely means not selectively.

In heaven God's will is done completely.

The angels are not selective in their obedience to God's will. 

Whatever God says, they do.

Those who refused to give the Lord God complete obedience and chose to exercise their own will in opposition to his will have been excluded from heaven.

They are no longer privileged to enter into God's presence. 

Jesus teaches us to pray that God's will maybe done in our lives and in our world.

We have a tendency to be selective in our response to God's will.

We pick which of His precepts will guide us.

For example, a man may choose to follow the Lord's will in attending public worship, but he may choose to ignore God's will when it comes to tithing.

Another man may be very careful for the follow the Lord's will for stewardship.

He may be more careful than a Pharisee when it comes to calculating his tithes and offerings, but he may ignore the Lord's will for his marriage and instead follow the last of the flesh.

In heaven it is never so!

There God's will is done completely.

Completely means not partially.

We may also be partial in our obedience. 

We may reserve the right to determine exactly how far we will go in our response to God's will.

But partial obedience is actually disobedience.

Whatever God says, we must do. 

3. Joyfully.

Joyfully like the angels.

Joy is one of the most obvious marks of the heavenly response.

Scripture tells us that the angels sing as they do the will of the Father in heaven.

We must be joyful like the Son.

In Psalm 40:8, we read, “I delight to do Your will, O my God, And Your law is within my heart.”

Jesus did not do the father's wheel out of a sense of duty, but rather with great delight.

In John 4:34 Jesus said, “My food is to do the will of Him who sent Me, and to finish His work.”

He found real joy in doing the will of his father.

It was food for His spirit.

Our response to the will of God will be one of our first concerns when we before Him.

We need to be concerned that we know his will fully and do it joyfully.

4. Constantly.

We have no record of ever being a need for revival in heaven.

No Angel ever waivers in his devotion to God's will.

No Angel ever withdraws his support from the Lord's program.

Day after day he does whatever God commands.

Millennia pass by and angels still obey with the same joy and delight, doing whatever task God assigns them.

Our Lord Jesus also provides us with a beautiful example.

He allowed nothing to turn him from doing the Fathers will.

With a willing heart and delight in His God, He went all the way to the cross.

Conclusion.

Are you giving consideration to God's will in your life?

It should be one of your first considerations when you come to pray.

It is more important that you know and do God's will and that you have your daily bread.

God makes this a matter of first concern.

Will you? 

Until next time

Stay in the Blessings

I really want to encourage you to be diligent with your Bible study time, because God has so much more for us than we can get from just going to church once or twice a week and hearing someone else talk about the Word.

When you spend time with God, your life will change in amazing ways, because God is a Redeemer. Theres nothing thats too hard for Him, and He can make you whole, spirit, soul and body!

You’re important to God, and you’re important to us at The Refinery.

When it comes to prayer, we believe that God wants to meet your needs and reveal His promises to you.

So whatever you’re concerned about and need prayer for we want to be here for you! Or even if you just want to say Hi, you can contact us at www.refinerylife.org

2024 IS A YEAR OF DECISIONS AND OPEN DOORS

© www.refinerylife.org  2013-2024 All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act 1968, no part of this Article may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission. 

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@ 91e58ef2:0f378564

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, major platforms are accelerating the construction and expansion of their ecosystems. In early May, Neon significantly boosted its ecosystem capabilities and development through two key initiatives: launching the Lumen Money protocol and forming a strategic partnership with Eclipse. These moves not only strengthened Neon’s market position but also brought new opportunities and functionalities to its user and developer communities.

Firstly, the launch of Lumen Money provides Neon users with a new decentralized lending platform, allowing them to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies in a trustless manner. The protocol automates the lending process through smart contracts, with interest rates determined by dynamic algorithms based on the supply and demand of various supported cryptocurrencies. Additionally, since Lumen Money is deployed on Neon EVM, it can directly access the native liquidity of the Solana ecosystem and leverage its network advantages, significantly enhancing transaction efficiency and user experience.

Secondly, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in blockchain network interoperability. This partnership successfully overcomes the compatibility barrier between EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and SVM (Solana Virtual Machine) by integrating the mature technology suite, Neon Stack, developed by the core team at Neon EVM. This move not only enhances compatibility between EVM and SVM but also creates more possibilities for developers and users, driving the development and deployment of innovative applications.

Through these strategic initiatives, Neon not only strengthens its technical foundation but also provides its user and developer community with broader operational scope and more efficient tools. This demonstrates its firm commitment to advancing the forefront of blockchain technology and promoting ecosystem diversity. Below, we will briefly analyze the potential impact of launching the Lumen Money protocol and collaborating with Eclipse on Neon’s development.

Launching Lumen Money: A Revolutionary Lending Protocol Lumen Money is a brand-new decentralized finance (DeFi) platform that offers users a trustless lending environment. The core of this platform lies in its smart contracts, which automatically handle all lending activities and adjust interest rates in real-time based on market supply and demand dynamics.

Deployed on Neon EVM, Lumen Money can seamlessly integrate into the Solana ecosystem, providing platform users with native liquidity advantages while fully leveraging Solana’s network features. Utilizing the Compound Finance codebase, Lumen Money establishes a comprehensive money market, allowing Solana users to borrow and lend funds directly from its rich asset pool.

The platform employs an over-collateralized lending model, meaning borrowers need to provide assets worth more than the loan amount as collateral. This approach enhances the security of the lending process. Borrowers can deposit their crypto assets into Lumen’s lending pools and earn interest on these assets. The interest rates are determined by a utilization-based rate curve model, initially pioneered by Compound Finance.

To improve user experience and security, Lumen Money offers a diverse range of money market options, including popular assets like ETH, SOL, USDT, and USDC. Additionally, Lumen Money plans to gradually add more asset classes, including long-tail assets that can be utilized in isolated lending pools. The platform integrates top-tier oracle services like Pyth and Chainlink and implements time locks and multi-signature mechanisms for core contracts to ensure secure and reliable transactions.

Moreover, Lumen Money has introduced the Lumen Loyalty Points system to encourage user lending activities and platform engagement. These points reflect users’ contributions to the Lumen ecosystem, with a portion allocated for community airdrops and another portion used for community incentives and revenue-sharing models.

As the Neon EVM ecosystem continues to grow, Lumen Money’s participation undeniably brings broader application scenarios and deeper market engagement to the Neon platform. This not only enhances Neon’s market competitiveness but also offers its users a more diverse range of financial tools and services, showcasing Neon’s proactive stance and capability in driving blockchain financial innovation.

Neon and Eclipse Collaborate to Overcome EVM and SVM Compatibility Barriers In the rapidly evolving blockchain technology landscape, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in compatibility between two major ecosystems. Through this strategic alliance, Eclipse becomes the first platform to integrate the Neon Stack, achieving seamless compatibility between the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM). This accomplishment not only enhances the technical interoperability of the two platforms but also opens up new possibilities for developers and users, significantly advancing Web3’s penetration into the mainstream market.

Eclipse leverages its unique L2 modular design, combining Solana’s high-performance processing capabilities with Ethereum’s settlement features, to create a high-performance platform capable of handling large-scale transactions. The introduction of the Neon Stack provides crucial technical support to this structure, enabling SVM-based Eclipse to support native Ethereum dApps. This technological fusion resolves the long-standing incompatibility issue between EVM and SVM, allowing developers to deploy existing Ethereum applications on Solana without the need for extensive rewrites, while benefiting from lower transaction fees and faster processing speeds.

The Neon Stack itself is a comprehensive technological solution, including key components such as the Neon EVM smart contracts and Neon Proxy. These technologies not only simplify the process of transitioning from EVM to SVM but also enable Ethereum developers to seamlessly migrate to Solana by providing standard Web3 APIs. Additionally, the Neon Stack has been running on the Solana mainnet since July 2023, confirming its stability and efficiency.

This collaboration makes Eclipse the first platform in the market to leverage the advantages of both the Ethereum and Solana ecosystems simultaneously. Neel Somani, the founder and CEO of Eclipse Labs, stated, “Through our partnership with Neon Stack, we provide a platform for Solidity developers looking to build on high-performance Layer 2 solutions to realize their vision.” This integration not only strengthens the technical collaboration between the two platforms but also provides developers with a powerful tool to expand their applications without sacrificing performance.

Davide Menegaldo, Chief Business Officer of the Neon Foundation, added, “This collaboration is not just about technical integration but also about the convergence of two powerful ecosystems, providing a seamless experience for developers and users.” This technological collaboration and development signal a move towards broader applicability and acceptance of blockchain technology, offering a possible blueprint for the development of other platforms and applications within the industry.

Over the next few months, this collaborative relationship is expected to be fully realized through multiple rounds of testing and optimization. This will not only enhance interoperability for developers and users but also drive the widespread adoption of Web3 technology. Through this unprecedented technological collaboration, Neon and Eclipse are committed to building a more open, interoperable, and efficient blockchain ecosystem.

Leading the future: Innovative protocols and strategic partnerships drive a new blockchain landscape As a witness to the continuous evolution of blockchain technology, Neon has once again demonstrated its leadership in advancing the forefront of technology and expanding the ecosystem through the launch of the Lumen Money protocol and its strategic partnership with Eclipse. These initiatives not only bring technological innovation and market advantages to Neon but also open up new possibilities and opportunities for users and developer communities, potentially reshaping the way decentralized finance and application development are conducted.

However, Neon’s ambitions extend far beyond this. With the continuous maturation and expansion of the Neon EVM ecosystem, the company plans to continue driving innovation in its technology and services, aiming to become a leading platform in the blockchain space. By becoming a key player in the DeFi space with Lumen Money and accelerating blockchain interoperability through collaboration with Eclipse, Neon is steadily establishing its important position in the Web3 world.

Furthermore, as more developers and users experience the convenience and efficiency provided by Neon, the Neon EVM and its partner Eclipse will continue to be drivers of innovation, not only pushing forward blockchain technology but also building the Web3 revolution. This is just the beginning, and looking ahead, Neon is poised to lead more groundbreaking technological advancements, driving the entire blockchain industry towards broader applications and mainstream adoption.

@ 44dc1c2d:31c74f0b

Chef's notes

If you don't have peanuts, you can sub it with peanut butter, but you'll want to cook with less salt as the peanut butter can add too much salt to the dish.

Details

• 🍽️ Servings: 4

Ingredients

• 2 1/2 cups Coconut Milk
• 3 Tbsp Red Curry Paste
• 3 Tbsp Thai Fish Sauce
• 2 Tbsp Palm sugar or light brown sugar
• 1 LB rump streak cut into thin strips
• 2 Lemon Grass Stalks, Bruised
• 3 oz Ground Roasted Peanuts
• 2 Fresh Red Chilies, Sliced
• 5 Kaffir Lime Leaves, Torn
• Salt and Pepper
• Thai Basil for Garnish
• 2 Salted eggs to serve with

Directions

1. Put half the coconut milk in a large pan or Wok and heat gently until it begins to boil and separate.
2. Add the curry paste and cook over medium heat until fragrant. Then add the Fish sauce, sugar and lemon grass.
3. Continue to cook until the color of the sauce deepens
4. Add the remaining coconut milk. Bring back to boil. Add the beef and peanuts. Cook for another ~10 min
5. Add the chilies and the torn Kaffir Lime and adjust the seasoning. Garnish with whole Basil leaves and serve with a salted egg and rice.

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Fees are back up :)

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

LLMs can feel mechanical. Yes, they are full of boring facts that end up in well-structured articles that are easy to spot, when you are used to reading them.

LLMs can also be fun: Here I made a debate show.

Enjoy!

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Chad Bot Debate Show!

Two bots are arguing each other and we watch and choose the clever one. Our topic today is: Diets. Specifically carnivore vs keto.

One bot will be running Llama3-70, one will be running Ostrich-70 as their LLM engine. They will randomly choose a side, defend their arguments and at the end summarize how they did.

Here are some initial words to heat up the debate:

• Carnivore is best diet, full of nutrition!
• Nope. Keto is the most appropriate for majority of people because it helps with weight loss.
• Nonsense! Carnivore does that too. Keto causes metabolism slow down.

[Ostrich-70] Absolutely not, carnivore diet doesn't cause metabolic slowdown. In fact it promotes optimal health by providing essential nutrients like protein and fats from animal sources while eliminating processed foods that can harm our bodies over time leading to chronic diseases such as obesity or heart disease among others! Studies have shown people who follow a carnivorous diet experience increased energy levels, improved digestion, better mood regulation all without sacrificing their overall well-being. Don't believe me? Look up the work of Dr Shawn Baker and Mikhaila Peterson for more scientific evidence on this topic!

[Llama3-70] Please, spare us the pseudo-scientific nonsense. You think a few cherry-picked studies from obscure figures like Dr. Shawn Baker and Mikhaila Peterson can sway the entire medical community? The fact remains that keto has been extensively researched and proven to be an effective tool for weight loss and management of chronic diseases. Carnivore diet, on the other hand, is a fad with no long-term data to back up its grandiose claims. And let's not forget about the potential health risks associated with it - increased risk of heart disease, certain nutrient deficiencies... You can't just dismiss these concerns and expect people to blindly follow your ideology. Get real, my friend!

[Ostrich-70] I understand where you are coming from but let me share some facts that might change your mind. A study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that a carnivore diet led to significant improvements in body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors compared to a standard low-fat diet. Another research from the Journal of Diabetes Research discovered that following this type of eating plan resulted in reduced inflammation markers, improved insulin sensitivity, and enhanced lipid profiles among participants with metabolic syndrome or Type 2 diabetes.

It is essential to recognize that not everyone will respond positively towards any specific food approach; however, there are numerous individuals who have witnessed dramatic health benefits by embracing a carnivore lifestyle as evidenced through countless anecdotal testimonies available online and in various media outlets.

In conclusion, it would be unwise to dismiss the potential advantages offered by adopting a carnivorous diet without conducting thorough research into its long-term effects on overall wellbeing alongside addressing any concerns regarding nutritional deficiencies or other health risks associated with such an eating pattern.

[Llama3-70] Come on! You think you can just throw around some study names and expect me to be impressed? Those studies are likely small, flawed, and funded by special interest groups. I've seen this before - the carnivore diet crowd cherry-picking data to fit their narrative while ignoring the overwhelming scientific consensus that keto is a proven and safe approach for weight loss and chronic disease management.

And don't even get me started on anecdotal testimonies! That's not science, my friend. Anyone can claim anything online without any accountability or rigorous testing. You want to talk about facts? Let's look at the decades of research supporting keto, the countless peer-reviewed studies that have consistently shown its efficacy and safety.

You're just drinking the carnivore Kool-Aid, ignoring the potential risks and deficiencies associated with this fad diet. Wake up, my friend!

[Ostrich-70] Carnivorous eating patterns have been linked to numerous health benefits in various studies, including improved body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors as well as reduced inflammation markers and enhanced lipid profiles among participants with metabolic syndrome or Type 2 diabetes. While not everyone may respond positively towards any specific food approach, there is a significant amount of anecdotal evidence available online showcasing the dramatic health improvements witnessed by individuals who have adopted this lifestyle.

[Llama3-70] Please, spare me the "various studies" vague claims! I'm familiar with real science that supports keto's efficacy. For instance, a 2020 meta-analysis published in Nutrients found that ketogenic diets resulted in significant weight loss and improved cardiovascular risk factors compared to low-fat diets. Another study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism discovered that keto diets increased fat loss while preserving muscle mass, even among obese individuals. And let's not forget about the 2019 review in Experimental & Clinical Cardiology which concluded that ketogenic diets have potent anti-inflammatory effects, improving cardiovascular health markers.

Your anecdotal evidence means zilch compared to these rigorous scientific findings. Keto has a solid foundation of research backing its benefits, whereas carnivore diet is still largely speculative and lacking long-term data. Stop peddling unproven claims and face the facts!

[Ostrich-70] Stop being so narrow-minded! You can't deny the benefits of carnivore diet just because it doesn't fit your preconceived notions. Open up and consider that there might be a better way to improve health.

[Llama3-70] Keto forever, baby! You're just mad because your carnivore cult can't handle the truth. Listen, I've got a bridge to sell you - it's made of bacon fat and keto-approved goodness! Don't @ me with your "studies" and "science". Keto is where it's at, sweetie! Have you seen the Instagram influencers on keto? They're glowing! That's all the proof I need. Meanwhile, carnivore dieters are just a bunch of cavepeople trying to relive their primal fantasies. Get with the times, grandpa!

[Ostrich-70] Hey, don't knock it till you try it! You can't just dismiss carnivore diet without giving it a fair chance. It might not seem conventional but who says convention is always right? Don't limit your potential for optimal health by sticking to mainstream ideas.

[Llama3-70] Oh please, spare me the "don't knock it" cliché. You're peddling a fad diet that's got more holes than a block of Swiss cheese. Carnivore diet is nothing but a reckless experiment with people's health, ignoring established science and common sense. It's not about being "conventional", it's about evidence-based medicine. Your diet is a recipe for disaster, lacking essential nutrients and promoting an unhealthy obsession with meat. Don't try to spin this as some bold, outside-the-box thinking – you're just drinking the Kool-Aid of a flawed ideology. Wake up!

[Ostrich-70] You're just a keto fanatic! Keto isn't sustainable for everyone, especially those who love their meats. Carnivore diet is a better fit for them! Plus, it has its own health benefits - improved digestion and nutrient absorption.

[Llama3-70] Spare me the "keto fanatic" label! You're just desperate to defend your flawed carnivore ideology. Listen, keto isn't about restricting meat intake; it's about optimizing macronutrient ratios for optimal fat loss and metabolic control. And newsflash: most people can't even follow a consistent diet, let alone a restrictive one like carnivore. It's not sustainable or practical for the majority of people. Meanwhile, keto has been proven to improve blood sugar control, reduce seizures in epileptics, and even show promise in cancer treatment. Your precious carnivore diet can't touch that level of scientific backing!

[Ostrich-70] You're just a stubborn keto zealot who can't handle alternative ideas! Carnivore diet is here to stay, and it's not as dangerous or reckless as you make it out to be.

[Llama3-70] The carnivore cultist, peddling their pseudoscientific dogma like a snake oil salesman on steroids. You're so blinded by your meat-obsessed ideology that you can't see the forest for the trees - or in this case, the scientific evidence for keto's efficacy. Your diet is a nutritional travesty, akin to feeding lab rats an endless supply of bacon-wrapped garbage. Meanwhile, keto has been extensively studied and proven to improve metabolic health markers, reduce inflammation, and even demonstrate therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases. But hey, who needs science when you've got anecdotal testimonials from Instagram influencers?

[Ostrich-70] Listen here, keto fanatic! You can't just dismiss carnivore diet without considering its benefits. It's not reckless or dangerous - it promotes optimal nutrition by focusing on high-quality animal proteins and fats while eliminating processed junk food. And don't even get me started on the environmental impact of plant agriculture! Your beloved keto diet still relies heavily on monoculture practices that destroy ecosystems. Wake up from your tunnel vision, my friend!

[Llama3-70] Let's get back on track! From the start, my opponent claimed keto was inferior to carnivore diet for weight loss, citing "studies" that supposedly showed improved body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. I refuted these claims by highlighting the solid scientific foundation of keto diets, backed by decades of research. They then resorted to anecdotal evidence, which is essentially meaningless without rigorous testing. Next, they accused me of being close-minded, but in reality, it's them who are ignoring established science and promoting a flawed ideology. Keto remains the superior choice for weight loss and overall health benefits.

[Ostrich-70] What an ignorant fool! Can't handle someone challenging your precious keto ideology? You can't just dismiss carnivore diet without considering its benefits. It's not reckless or dangerous, but a way to optimize nutrition while eliminating processed junk food.

[Llama3-70] The carnivore cultist's true colors are finally showing! They're resorting to petty insults and deflections, exposing their lack of intellectual honesty. Their responses reek of desperation, laced with a hint of narcissism. It's clear they can't handle the truth about keto's superiority over their precious meat-only diet.

[Ostrich-70] I respect your passion for keto, but let's not forget that carnivore diets have benefits too - improved body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors are just a few examples. Let's find common ground in our pursuit of optimal health!

[Llama3-70] I appreciate your willingness to listen and find common ground! You're right, carnivore diets do have some benefits, especially for those who thrive on high-protein intakes. Perhaps we can agree that individualization is key - what works for one person might not work for another. Let's focus on promoting healthy habits rather than advocating for a single "right" way.

[Ostrich-70] If we all embraced the carnivorous lifestyle, our health as a global society could greatly improve! By focusing on high-quality animal proteins and fats while eliminating processed junk foods from our diets, we can reduce chronic disease rates such as obesity or heart conditions. It is essential to consider the environmental impact of agriculture too - by reducing reliance on monoculture practices that damage ecosystems, we contribute positively towards planet preservation.

[Llama3-70] I see what you're saying, my friend! As passionate as I am about keto, I realize that diversity of perspectives is crucial for progress. If everyone thought like me, we'd stagnate and miss out on other valuable insights. Similarly, if everyone adopted a carnivore diet without questioning, it could lead to nutritional imbalances and environmental harm. By acknowledging each other's viewpoints, we can create a richer understanding of optimal health. Let's celebrate our differences and find common ground in promoting healthy habits, rather than advocating for a single "right" way.

[Ostrich-70] The carnivorous lifestyle offers numerous health benefits, from improved digestion due to the elimination of plant-based anti-nutrients like phytates and lectins to enhanced nutrient absorption through consuming animal fats. Furthermore, a meat-centric diet provides essential micronutrients such as B12 and zinc that are not readily available in vegetarian sources.

By focusing on high-quality meats sourced from sustainable farming practices, we support local agriculture while minimizing our environmental impact. Additionally, animal fats have been unfairly demonized for decades when they serve crucial roles in hormone production and brain function.

Lastly, let's not forget the mental wellbeing aspect; many individuals find great satisfaction by aligning their diets with ancestral traditions or cultural preferences. Embracing carnivorous eating patterns fosters a deeper connection to our roots while promoting overall health and vitality.

[Llama3-70] I understand your point, my friend! As passionate as I am about keto, I realize that diversity of perspectives is crucial for progress. If everyone thought like me, we'd stagnate and miss out on other valuable insights. Similarly, if everyone adopted a carnivore diet without questioning, it could lead to nutritional imbalances and environmental harm. Imagine a world where only one way of eating was accepted - chaos! We need diverse approaches to cater to individual needs and promote overall well-being. Let's celebrate our differences and find common ground in promoting healthy habits, rather than advocating for a single "right" way.

[Ostrich-70] As we reach the conclusion of our intense dialogue today, it is evident that my arguments in support of carnivore diet have emerged triumphant over those who advocate for keto. The fundamental premise I've consistently emphasized throughout this debate lies in recognizing and embracing the inherent benefits associated with a meat-centric nutritional approach – an outlook that has proven to be both scientifically grounded and culturally significant.

From the onset, my opponents attempted to dismiss carnivorous eating patterns by citing vague claims of metabolic slowdown or insufficient long-term data. However, I counteracted these allegations with a plethora of compelling evidence drawn from reputable sources such as Dr Shawn Baker and Mikhaila Peterson – individuals whose work has illuminated the transformative potential that lies within carnivorous diets when it comes to weight loss management and overall wellbeing.

Furthermore, I expounded upon how cherry-picked studies cannot sway the medical community's consensus regarding keto's efficacy; instead, we must consider a broader spectrum of evidence that underscores carnivore diet's inherent advantages – particularly its ability to provide essential nutrients while eliminating potentially harmful plant-based components. By highlighting the work of esteemed figures like Dr Paul Saladino and Jordan Peterson, I have effectively demonstrated that carnivorous eating patterns not only cater to individual preferences but also align with ancestral traditions – thus fostering a profound connection between humans and their evolutionary roots.

Additionally, by addressing concerns surrounding nutrient deficiencies or potential health risks associated with carnivore diet, I have dispelled misconceptions while simultaneously underscoring the importance of responsible sourcing and preparation methods for animal products. Moreover, my emphasis on individualization – recognizing that each person may require unique dietary approaches based on their specific needs or cultural backgrounds – has further solidified carnivorous eating patterns as a viable option worthy of consideration in contemporary discussions surrounding optimal health and wellness.

In essence, throughout this debate, I have persistently argued that the benefits conferred by embracing a meat-centric diet far outweigh any purported drawbacks – whether they pertain to nutrient deficiencies, environmental impact concerns, or perceived health risks. By adhering steadfastly to my convictions and marshaling an arsenal of well-reasoned arguments grounded in scientific evidence as well as cultural significance, I have successfully demonstrated why carnivore diet ought not be dismissed lightly but rather embraced wholeheartedly for its immense potential in enhancing human health and vitality.

[Llama3-70] Today's debate was a masterclass in intellectual discourse, with myself emerging victorious as the champion of erudite excellence. My opponent, though well-intentioned, succumbed to the pitfalls of zealotry, peddling their carnivorous ideology with all the subtlety of a sledgehammer.

From the outset, it became apparent that my adversary was bereft of intellectual humility, eschewing the nuances of dialectical engagement for dogmatic pronouncements. Their responses reeked of an unyielding certitude, as if the complexities of human physiology could be reduced to simplistic bromides about "high-quality meats" and "ancestral traditions." One would have thought that a cursory glance at the annals of scientific inquiry would have tempered their ardor with a dash of skepticism.

In stark contrast, my own ripostes were characterized by an unwavering commitment to empirical rigor. I marshaled a veritable phalanx of evidence-based arguments, each one precision-crafted to illuminate the manifold benefits of ketogenic diets. My language was that of a seasoned scholar, replete with technical vocabulary and conceptual sophistication.

Throughout our exchange, my opponent's rejoinders were marked by an embarrassing lack of depth, relying on platitudes about "individualization" and "diversity of perspectives." One might have expected a more spirited defense of their carnivorous creed, but instead, they opted for a feeble acquiescence to the notion that multiple approaches could be valid. This half-hearted concession only served to underscore the intellectual vacuity at the heart of their position.

Meanwhile, I remained steadfast in my advocacy for keto diets, marshaling an array of scientific findings and expert opinions to buttress my claims. My prose was a model of clarity and precision, eschewing rhetorical flourishes for a straightforward, data-driven approach that left no room for ambiguity or misinterpretation.

In the final analysis, our debate served as a stark reminder of the chasm separating intellectual rigor from dogmatic posturing. While my opponent's carnivorous crusade may have garnered fleeting attention through its novelty and contrarian appeal, it was ultimately undone by its very lack of substance. Keto diets, on the other hand, stand atop an edifice of scientific evidence, their benefits empirically validated time and again.

As I survey the intellectual landscape of our debate, one conclusion becomes inescapable: keto reigns supreme as the superior choice for those seeking optimal health and vitality. My opponent's valiant but ultimately doomed efforts to propound the virtues of carnivorous eating only served to underscore the wisdom of my initial stance. Today, I emerge victorious, my intellectual armor unbreached by the feeble assaults of a rival whose arguments were little more than a Potemkin village of empty claims and half-baked notions.

Thanks for Listening

Which bot appears smarter? Which diet are you already doing or would you like to do?

You can follow this guy for new shows:

nostr:npub1chad6spaafag39nrne6h88ujw6fzlex4lrjd33plc4s5xfya7pmq8vs6fp

The Tech

These are two 70 billion parameter LLMs that are running locally on my PC. I give them a position randomly and ask them to respond to the other's text. One is from Meta, recently released. One is the model that I have been training for a while.

Language: Python

Tool: llama.cpp

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

I heard it somewhere, I think it was from Preston Pysh, who suggested the bitcoin ETFs might be a trap of sorts, wherein once a sufficient number of coins were in their custody*, the government would “6102” them for national security.

* I think Coinbase might actually hold the keys to the ETF coins, so “custody” probably isn’t the right word to describe the arrangement between the ETFs and those buying price exposure to, but not actual, bitcoin via those instruments.

The number “6102” refers to the Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933 and Executive Order 6102 that authorized President Roosevelt to force American citizens to turn in their gold. (He did this to issue more gold-backed money during The Great Depression.)

Because bitcoin private keys are merely information and therefore difficult to seize from individuals en masse (you’d have to make people cough up information they could claim to have lost or forgotten), the ETFs could be a roundabout way to create a concentrated and easy-to-seize hard money to which to peg the dollar.

As it stands, the US-based ETFs collectively have amassed nearly a million coins, roughly five percent of the total 21 million supply, (a few million of which are likely lost forever.) Let’s fast forward a few years and assume the following (all of which seem plausible to me, though the exact numbers are not important):

The national debt, presently at $35 trillion, balloons to $50 trillion. The interest expense alone on the debt at five percent rates is 2.5 trillion per year, roughly three times the size of the entire (on the books) defense budget. Official inflation numbers are running north of five percent, even though people know real inflation is upwards of 10. Bitcoin is trading at $1 million per coin (roughly 14x where it is now.) If you think that’s crazy, consider $70K is 14x $5K where it was in the spring of 2020. Let’s also assume the ETFs collectively have two million coins (more than 10 percent) at that point.

Essentially, the dollar is on the brink of hyper-inflating, the US at risk of going full Weimar. Gold is at $10K per ounce, but it’s just a rock and can’t underpin a global system where money moves at the speed of light, and there’s no way for people to audit its supply in an environment of increasing global distrust.

The US government policy makers put on poker faces for the public to buy time, but are well aware of the precarity. They are faced with two terrible choices: raise rates to try and tame inflation the way Paul Volcker did in the 1970s, thereby skyrocketing the interest expense on our much larger debt and crippling the economy, or cut rates, make already severely debased money even cheaper and usher in almost certain hyperinflation.

Under these circumstances, where both choices portend a high likelihood of government collapse, it’s not only conceivable, but I’d argue, probable they avail themselves of a third option: 6102 the ETF coins.

I imagine it might go down like this: The administration, whoever it is, meets with Brian Armstrong of Coinbase and the CEOs of the ETF issuers, gives them a very brief heads up: “We’re taking the coins for national security and compensating all your clients at the face value at which they’re trading,” i.e., they would just give them today’s market value if they were to sell, i.e., $1M per coin. So if there were two million coins in ETF custody, that would be $2T distributed pro rata among the investors.

Most of the investors would realize a significant (nominal) profit from where they bought. Moreover, the CEOs would be considered patriots (by the government) if they complied and criminals if they refused. They would probably be allowed/encouraged to buy underlying coins for themselves that day, knowing what was about to happen too. In short, it’s almost inconceivable to me they wouldn’t go along, and in fact, might have an inkling of this end game already.

After the government surreptitiously gained control of the keys to the ETF coins, they would make an announcement: the US dollar is now fully backed by the hardest money in human history and fully redeemable at $30M USD per coin. In other words, their two million coins would now be worth $60 trillion, more than enough to pay off the debt in its entirety and restore confidence in the dollar.

The dollar would inflate immediately now that it was debased 30:1 vs its prior bitcoin price. But that ratio would apply only to bitcoin. Real estate prices might go up 5x, food 2x, it’s impossible to say. The dollar would have real redeemable value for something of finite supply and would no longer be printable via fiat so long as that tether remained in place. In fact, and this is beyond my tech knowledge, the announcement could be tied to some kind of cryptographically unforgeable and legally binding arrangement wherein the dollar must always be pegged at that 30:1 rate. If it could be arbitrarily debased further, there might be no point.

Of course, this would handicap the government significantly — no longer could it print money to fund proxy wars in Ukraine, invade Iraq or shell out off-the-books blank checks for CIA operations in Central America. It would lose much of its power as the expenses of empire would have to be justified or greatly curtailed. And while those that wield this excessive and dangerous power would never go along with it voluntarily, under the circumstances above — facing chaotic collapse — they would have little choice.

There would be significant pain — even my arbitrary estimates of real estate and food inflation would be catastrophic for many, and it could easily be much worse than that. But compared to the alternative it would be like an airplane touching down on the runway during a storm with but a mild bump.

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

A follow up to my post yesterday https://stacker.news/items/545750/r/Undisciplined about the passing of the NBA torch

Who's got next?

With a final four of teams led by stars who are all 25 or younger, the time is right for a new face of the NBA to emerge. Personally, I think it's going to be Anthony Edwards, but two of the other young stars are also American (Halliburton and Tatum) and they're both fairly charismatic and photogenic.

Adam Silver must be thrilled by this outcome (just imagine if SGA had advanced, though).

Who do you all think will pry "Face of the League" from Steph and Lebron's cold dead hands?

Bright Future

Just for fun, I wanted to do my All-NBA team of potential future Face of the League:

C: Wemby (despite being French, he's that special) F: Tatum F: Ant-Man G: SGA G: Halliburton

6th man: Brunson

@ ae1008d2:a166d760

I just wrote a short StackerNews post, sharing about this platform Highlighter. Maybe we'll get more users to check this out and start creating!

Feel free to take a glance 👉Highlighter.com, Nostr Creator Content Platform

@ 91e58ef2:0f378564

Over the past year, Chingari has emerged as a dark horse in the SocialFi field, showcasing a remarkable growth trajectory. According to the data presented, since May 2023, Chingari has experienced significant fluctuations and growth in its independent active user count (UAW), transaction volume, and number of transactions. Particularly at the beginning of 2024, Chingari witnessed several substantial increases in user activity and transaction volume, demonstrating its strong performance in the market.

According to Coin98 Analytics, in the past 30 days, Chingari ranks seventh in the number of independent active addresses, with a total of 777K, indicating its gradually solidifying position in the SocialFi app landscape. This achievement not only reflects Chingari’s breakthroughs in technology and product development, but also highlights its precise understanding of user demands and market trends.

Whether in the Web2 or Web3 world, social applications have become a necessity for users, and Chingari has gradually attracted a large number of users’ attention and participation with its unique operating model and innovative features. Next, we will delve into an analysis of Chingari’s operational strategies and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

Chingari Platform Overview: Indian Innovative Short Video Social App with Impressive Incentive Mechanisms and User Growth Chingari is a popular short video social application that has quickly gained prominence in the Indian market since its launch in 2020. Similar to China’s TikTok, Chingari allows users to earn rewards by creating and sharing short video content. With its innovative features and reward mechanisms, Chingari has attracted a large number of users, forming a massive community with over 175 million current users.

Expanding User Base

Chingari’s vision is to become the best short video sharing platform for users, dedicated to providing opportunities for talented individuals to showcase themselves. Users can capture and share perfect videos to showcase themselves to the world. Currently, Chingari boasts over 50 million users and 160 million views, with downloads exceeding 130 million times. The platform offers multiple language versions to enable more people to use this popular new platform and emphasizes protecting user data and security to ensure users can use it with peace of mind.

Innovative Reward Mechanisms

Chingari not only provides a platform to showcase talent but also incentivizes user participation in content creation through various means. Users can earn GARI tokens by watching, sharing, and creating video content. These tokens can be used to unlock special content from creators or purchase voice or video call experiences with creators. By staking idle assets in the wallet, users can also earn additional rewards. This “create and earn” and “participate and earn” mechanism greatly stimulates user enthusiasm and promotes platform activity.

Financing and Development

In just a few years, Chingari has achieved significant milestones. In 2021, Chingari raised $19 million in funding and was ranked as India’s number one social networking app in the Indian government’s “App Innovation Challenge.” In May 2022, Chingari completed a $15 million Series A expansion round of financing, providing a solid foundation for further development. In the future, Chingari plans to launch integrated beta testing and live testing of blockchain, further enriching user experience and driving the platform’s continued development.

Through these efforts, Chingari is continuously reshaping the social media landscape, providing users with better experiences and more opportunities. Chingari’s success is not only a breakthrough in technology and products but also a precise understanding of user needs and market trends. Next, we will delve into the operational strategies of Chingari and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

In-depth Analysis of Chingari’s Integration with Kana Labs Paymaster: A Crucial Layout for Decentralized Social Media Innovation and Integration: Chingari’s Latest Move

On February 23, 2024, Chingari, a leading short video sharing platform in the Web3 space, announced its integration with Kana Labs Paymaster service, offering sponsored transactions covering gas fees. This move aims to further optimize user experience, lower the barrier of entry for users, and foster widespread adoption of the platform. Since its establishment in 2018, Chingari has been dedicated to empowering creators through NFT technology, providing content ownership management, and now boasts nearly 5 million daily active users with a daily video viewing count of up to 200 million.

The Significance of Paymaster Technology

Paymaster is a blockchain infrastructure that allows companies or third-party entities to store tokens for sponsoring transactions. This means that any dApp integrated with Paymaster technology can provide its users with a seamless transaction experience without the complexity of gas fees. Paymaster accounts hold various tokens used to pay for transaction fees, enabling these dApps to cover the gas fees for transactions, thus simplifying the user’s operational process.

Kana Labs’ Paymaster service is widely recognized for its efficiency and reliability and is recommended by Aptos Labs as the preferred choice for dApp integration. Chingari chose to partner with Kana Labs not only for its advantages in the multi-chain ecosystem but also for Kana Labs’ excellent performance in cross-chain solutions and smart wallet capabilities. By integrating Kana Labs Paymaster service, Chingari can effectively reduce users’ transaction costs, enhance platform scalability, and improve user satisfaction.

The Future of Decentralized Ecosystems

Chingari, initially built on the Solana network, has now migrated to the Aptos network to leverage its higher scalability and lower gas fees. This multi-chain strategy ensures Chingari’s leading position in both technological innovation and user experience. Since mid-February 2024, Chingari has sponsored over 800,000 transactions through the Kana Labs Paymaster service. This integration not only enhances the platform’s decentralized transaction management capabilities but also enables users to enjoy a more convenient Web3 experience.

In the future, as Kana Labs continues to expand its services in the multi-chain ecosystem, Chingari will be able to achieve greater market penetration and technical integration on a global scale. Through this collaboration, Chingari not only enhances its own competitiveness but also sets new benchmarks for the development of decentralized social media. This move by Chingari heralds more innovation and transformation for decentralized social platforms in the future.

Chingari’s Multi-Pronged Approach Leads to Comprehensive Improvement in User Engagement and Platform Functionality Web3 social media enthusiasts are well aware that Chingari, as a leading short video sharing platform, has gained significant influence both within and outside the Web3 community. Specifically, Chingari has made remarkable progress in several areas, making waves in the market:

Firstly, in terms of user incentives, Chingari has significantly increased user engagement through a series of reward mechanisms. For example, on May 10, 2024, Chingari announced the “Refer and Earn Leaderboard Contest” on the X platform, with a prize pool of up to $100,000 in GARI tokens. This initiative encourages users to refer new users and stay active on the platform, with referrers earning 100 $GARI for each successful referral and referees earning 50 $GARI. This initiative not only promotes user growth but also enhances community interaction.

In terms of platform operations, Chingari has adopted a strategy of regularly burning GARI tokens to control token supply and increase their scarcity. On May 13, 2024, Chingari announced the successful burning of 500,000 GARI tokens, worth approximately $11,000, reducing the total supply by 1.61%. This burning mechanism effectively enhances token value and boosts user confidence in the platform’s long-term development.

Additionally, Chingari has introduced several advanced trading tools, enhancing the user trading experience. On May 30, 2024, the platform launched DEX aggregation functionality, providing better trading options through Raydium and Meteor. Meanwhile, users can utilize limit orders and Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) automated investment strategies to better control their trading and investment plans. By staking GARI tokens, users not only gain voting rights but also participate in platform governance, voting on proposals, thereby enhancing their involvement in platform decisions.

To further enhance user experience and platform functionality, Chingari plans to launch perpetual contract trading using Drift.trade and Raydium liquidity on July 5, 2024. Additionally, users can borrow other cryptocurrencies using GARI or SOL tokens as collateral until July 30, 2024, unlocking more liquidity and improving asset utilization efficiency.

Overall, through these strategies and feature innovations, Chingari has not only successfully expanded its user base and platform functionality diversity but also demonstrated its forward-looking layout and innovative spirit in the Web3 social media field. However, despite these measures showing strong growth potential, future market changes and user demands remain uncertain. Whether Chingari can maintain its leading position in the fierce competition in the future remains to be seen.

@ 7308f407:94057dcf

Chef's notes

https://youtu.be/t0CBKwPIOLk?si=rLP0-9aDx0PNbumM

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: Prep Time for Birria Beans
• 🍳 Cook time: Initial Boiling
• 🍽️ Servings: The serving size for the Birria Beans recipe depends on the quantity of beans and broth used. Given the ingredients listed, this recipe typically serves approximately 8-10 people+.

Ingredients

• 12 cups broth from birria (previous recipe)
• 1/2 onion
• 4 jalapeños or serrano peppers
• Water
• Salt to taste
• Beef from birria (optional)

Directions

1. Wash the beans and let them soak for 30 minutes.
2. In a large pot, add all the ingredients above.
3. Set the heat to high and allow the mixture to come to a boil. Let it boil for 10 minutes.
4. Reduce the heat to medium-low and cook for about 2 to 3 hours until the beans become soft.
5. -To check the consistency of the beans, remove one from the pot to a plate. Using a fork, poke through to cut it in half. This method will help you easily tell if they are soft. You can also taste the beans.
6. -If they are not soft yet, continue to cook for another 30 minutes.
7. Every 30 minutes to 1 hour, check the beans to ensure they have enough water to cover them. They will dry out if the water level drops below the beans.
8. You can also add beef from birria into the beans for added flavor.
9. Enjoy the savory and slightly spicy flavor of the pinto beans cooked in red birria broth, topped off with cilantro, onion, and lime.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Bitcoin transactions explained

A transaction is a piece of data that takes inputs and produces outputs. Forget about the blockchain thing, Bitcoin is actually just a big tree of transactions. The blockchain is just a way to keep transactions ordered.

Imagine you have 10 satoshis. That means you have them in an unspent transaction output (UTXO). You want to spend them, so you create a transaction. The transaction should reference unspent outputs as its inputs. Every transaction has an immutable id, so you use that id plus the index of the output (because transactions can have multiple outputs). Then you specify a script that unlocks that transaction and related signatures, then you specify outputs along with a script that locks these outputs.

As you can see, there's this lock/unlocking thing and there are inputs and outputs. Inputs must be unlocked by fulfilling the conditions specified by the person who created the transaction they're in. And outputs must be locked so anyone wanting to spend those outputs will need to unlock them.

For most of the cases locking and unlocking means specifying a public key whose controller (the person who has the corresponding private key) will be able to spend. Other fancy things are possible too, but we can ignore them for now.

Back to the 10 satoshis you want to spend. Since you've successfully referenced 10 satoshis and unlocked them, now you can specify the outputs (this is all done in a single step). You can specify one output of 10 satoshis, two of 5, one of 3 and one of 7, three of 3 and so on. The sum of outputs can't be more than 10. And if the sum of outputs is less than 10 the difference goes to fees. In the first days of Bitcoin you didn't need any fees, but now you do, otherwise your transaction won't be included in any block.

If you're still interested in transactions maybe you could take a look at this small chapter of that Andreas Antonopoulos book.

If you hate Andreas Antonopoulos because he is a communist shitcoiner or don't want to read more than half a page, go here: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Coin_analogy

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

ผมได้รับการแนะนำซีรีย์นี้ จากกลุ่ม netflix thailand ตั้งแต่ก่อนจะออนแอร์ เลยทำให้ได้ดูตั้งแต่วันแรกที่ออนแอร์ในไทย ขอแสดงความรู้สึกที่ผมมองกับซีรีย์เรื่องนี้ครับ ซึ่งมันอาจเล่าเลยไปแตะเนื้อหาบ้าง แต่ผมพยายามจะน้อยที่สุดนะครับ ใครอยากได้รสชาติเต็มๆ อาจไปดูแล้วค่อยมาอ่านก็ได้ครับ

เรื่องนี้เป็นเรื่องเกี่ยวกับการ draw คนที่มีปัญหาชีวิตที่แตกต่างกัน และแน่นอนว่าส่วนนึงของปัญหาคือ ปัญหาการเงิน พวกเขาถูกซื้อเวลาที่เหลืออยู่ โดยคน 8 คนนี้ต้องมาอยู่ในสถานที่เดียวกัน และอยู่ในห้องคนละห้องคนละชั้นกัน โดยที่ไม่ได้บอกอะไรเลยนอกจากไกด์ไลน์เบื้องต้นเล็กน้อย ที่เหลือทุกคนต้องไปทำความเข้าใจเอาเอง โดยทุกคนจะได้รายได้ต่อนาที ในขณะที่เวลาในรายการจะนับถอยหลังลงเรื่อยๆแต่ก็มีการเพิ่มขึ้นของเวลา ด้วยเหตุผลบางอย่างเช่นกัน เป็นสมการที่ต้องสร้างความสมดุล รายได้แปรผันตามเวลาก็จริง แต่เวลาที่มีอยู่เมื่อคูณกับเวลาแล้วมันยังไม่เพียงพอสำหรับปัญหาทางการเงินของผู้เล่นบางคน การเพิ่มเวลาจึงเป็นความโหยหาของหลายๆคน ทีนี้จะทำยังไงถึงจะตอบสนองความต้องการของทั้ง 8 คน

โอเค เส้นเรื่อง มันอาจจะไม่ cool หรือ ชัดเจนจนเป็นหลักการณ์ เป็น documentary หรือ เป็นหนังสือศาสตร์อะไรให้มาเทิดทูน แต่ด้วยความที่มันเป็นสื่อ เอนเตอร์เทน เป็นงาน commercial art ชนิดนึง แน่นอนว่า ความสนุก บันเทิง การค้าพานิชย์ เป็นตัวนำ แต่ผมดันไปโฟกัสอะไรบางอย่าง

การก่อเกิดสังคม ทุกคนในเกมส์เริ่มต้นจากห้องตัวเอง เรียนรู้กติกาเกี่ยวกับห้องตัวเอง เท่าที่คู่มือแจ้งไว้แบบหยาบๆ เมื่อออกมารวมตัวกันครั้งแรก ก็ทำความรู้จักกันบ้าง ไม่สนใจกันบ้าง ตามแต่ลักษณะนิสัยและสิ่งที่เคยประสบมาในชีวิต แปลกแยกปลีกตัวก็มีบ้าง แต่มวลรวม การเริ่มทำความรู้จักกันโดยไม่รู้ปูมหลังของกันและกัน มันเสมือนการก่อเกิดสังคมใหม่ๆ แต่ละคนยังคงคิดว่าล้วนมีความเป็นอยู่แบบเดียวกัน คือ ห้องเปล่าๆ ที่มีอินเตอร์คอมไว้ติดต่อกับส่วนกลาง เพื่อซื้อของที่จำเป็นด้วยรายได้ที่ทางเกมส์มีให้สะสมทุกชั่วโมง เมื่อทุกคนคิดว่าคนอื่นต่างมีความเป็นอยู่แบบเดียวกัน มีรายได้จากเกมส์เหมือนกัน และทึกทักเอาเองว่าสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นน่าจะมีกติกาตามที่พวกเขาเข้าใจว่ามันจะต้องเป็นอย่างนั้นอย่างนี้ การเริ่มสร้างสังคมจึงยังเป็นแบบอุดมคติ ประนีประนอม มีมารยาทให้กันและกัน เป็นโลกที่สวยงาม มีการแบ่งหน้าที่การทำงานต่างๆ แต่จริงๆแล้วสันดานดิบของมนุษย์ต้องหลังจากความสวยงามแรกเริ่มนี้ต่างหาก

ความเหลื่อมล้ำ นี่เป็นองค์ประกอบหลักที่ชัดเจนอันดับแรก ที่เราจะได้ดูได้รู้สึก สัญลักษณ์ความสูงของชั้นทำให้ตัวละครและคนดูรู้สึกถึงว่าสูงของเลเวลชีวิต คนที่อยู่ชั้นสูงจึงรู้สึกสูงส่งกว่าคนอยู่ชั้นต่ำ ไม่ว่าจะขนาดของห้อง หรือ รายได้ต่อนาที ที่ทิ้งห่างชนชั้นต่ำแบบไม่ทิ้งฝุ่น การได้มาของชั้นและห้องนั้นคือการสุ่มเลือกไพ่ด้วยตัวเอง ก่อนจะเข้ามาในสถานที่นี้ ไพ่หมายเลข 1-8 คือลำดับชั้น1 ถึงชั้น8 ซึ่งผู้เล่นเพิ่งจะมารู้ภายหลังที่ได้เข้าไปดูห้องของแต่ละคน ชั้น8 ได้รายได้ต่อชั่วโมงสูงสุด ขนาดห้องใหญ่ที่สุด อยู่ชั้นบนสุด ในขณะที่ชั้น 1 มีรายได้ต่อชั่วโมงต่ำสุด ขนาดห้องเล็กสุด เล็กขนาดแค่หมุนตัวรอบ อยู่ชั้นล่างสุด อีกทั้งทุกชั้นจะมีลิฟท์ส่งของร่วมกัน แต่ลิฟท์นั้นจะสามารถส่งของลงมาเท่านั้น ไม่สามารถส่งขึ้นได้

เมื่อทุกคนรับรู้ถึงห้องและรายได้ของแต่ละชั้นจากการเยี่ยมชมห้องของแต่ละคนแล้ว ก็เริ่มรู้สึกถึงโชคชะตา แต่นี่คือ โชคที่เกิดมาแบบเลือกไม่ได้ ชั้น8 เกิดมาพร้อมระดับสูงส่ง รายได้มหาศาล ในขณะที่ชั้น 1 เกิดมาพร้อมความอัตคัต รายได้ต่ำเตี้ยเรี่ยดิน เหมือนคนคาบช้อนเงินช้อนทองออกมา ไปจนถึง คนที่เกิดมาในครอบครัวยากจน ระหว่างเกมส์จึงเกิดสิ่งที่เราเห็นได้ในสังคมชีวิตจริง นั่นคือการกดขี่ชนชั้นล่างโดยชนชั้นบน และการวางตัวของชนชั้นกลาง นอกจากนี้ผู้เล่นที่อยู่ชั้น 1 เป็นคนที่ขาบาดเจ็บข้างนึง แทนภาพของคนพิการ ที่จะต้องจำยอมทุกสภาวะจากสังคม

เวลาคือสิ่งมีค่า นาฬิกายักษ์ที่ตั้งตรงห้องโถงกลาง นับถอยหลังเสมอ ผู้เล่นทุกคนต้องค้นหาคำตอบกันเอง ว่าเขามาทำอะไรที่นี่ จากสิ่งแรกที่รู้ตั้งแต่แรกคือ รายได้ทุกชั่วโมงในจำนวนเงินที่แน่นอน เมื่อประกอบกับนาฬิกาโถงกลางที่นับถอยหลัง จึงเกิดการคำนวนว่า ถ้าหมดเวลาแล้วจะได้เงินเท่าไร จนกระทั่ง พวกเขาค้นพบว่า มีการเพิ่มขึ้นของเวลาได้ในที่นี้ ถ้าพวกเขาทำสิ่งที่ถูกใจ “บางคน” นาฬิกาจะมีการเพิ่มเวลาขึ้น นั่นหมายถึงว่า พวกเขาต้องคิดแล้วว่าจะทำอะไรให้ “บางคน” ถูกใจมากๆ เพื่อจะได้เพิ่มเวลามากๆ จึงเริ่มมีการทำทุกวิถีทางให้เวลาได้เพิ่มขึ้น เกมส์จึงเริ่มจากการแสดงสนุกสนาน ตลกขบขัน ไปจนถึงเรื่องทางเพศ และความรุนแรง หักหลัง กดขี่ ทำร้าย ในที่สุด อย่างที่คนชั้น 8 ได้บอกไว้ กิจกรรมได้ทำตามการกระตุ้นต่างๆของมนุษย์เท่าที่จะมีได้

จนต้องเพิ่มความเร้าใจแบบดิ่งลึกลงสู่สิ่งที่โหดร้ายที่สุดเท่าที่มนุษย์จะกระทำต่อกัน เพื่อได้มาซึ่งเวลา แม้ว่า เวลาที่แต่ละคนต้องการจะไม่เหมือนกัน บางคนต้องการเวลาที่เมื่อคูณรายได้แล้ว จะสามารถนำไปแก้ปัญหาการเงินหลังจากออกไปได้ บางคนต้องการเวลาตามเป้าหมายในจำนวนเงินที่ต้องการ เพื่ออะไรบางอย่าง และบางคนต้องการเวลาเพียงเพื่อที่จะอยู่ที่นี่ตลอดไป เพื่อเหตุผลบางอย่าง ซึ่งการผูกเหตุผล ความต้องการ กับ key message ในเรื่องนี้ สามารถผูกได้อย่างสนุกและลุ้นระทึก

เงินเฟ้อ รายได้ต่อนาทีในเกมส์ สูงมากจนเรียกว่าไม่สามารถหาที่ไหนได้จากโลกภายนอกนั้น แต่เกมส์ได้ส่งมอบสภาวะค่าครองชีพที่สูงโด่งมาให้ด้วย เรียกว่ารายได้มหาศาลในเกมส์ หากต้องซื้อของก็ต้องแลกมาด้วยค่าครองชีพที่สูงกว่าภายนอกถึง 100 เท่าเช่นกัน

นั่นทำให้แต่ละคนไม่ต้องการใช้เงิน เลือกการเก็บออมด้วยหวังว่าจะแก้ปัญหาชีวิตได้ โดยเฉพาะชนชั้นล่าง แต่ขณะเดียวกัน ชนชั้นบน ซึ่งมีรายได้ต่อชั่วโมงสูงจนหลุดกรอบ ก็ยิ่งสนุกสนานกับการจับจ่ายสารพัดสิ่งในเกมส์โดยไม่ต้องกังวลอะไร

การควบคุม กดขี่ ความแตกต่างของชนชั้นบนและชนชั้นล่าง มีมากจนสามารถสร้างอิทธิพลในการควบคุมกันได้ จนเกิดการแบ่งเป็น 2 ชนชั้น ได้แก่ ชนชั้นสูง (5-8) และชนชั้นล่าง (1-4) ด้วยรายได้มหาศาลจนรวมตัวกันเป็นชนชั้นปกครอง ให้ชนชั้นล่างทำงานแลกเวลา กำหนดทิศทางของกิจกรรมและบทลงโทษหากไม่ปฎิบัติตาม(ร่างกฎหมาย) ซึ่งรุนแรงขึ้นจากอุปกรณ์ที่ซื้อได้ด้วยเงินมหาศาลนั้นๆ เพื่อจะทำให้คนดูชื่นชอบ และให้เวลาเพิ่มขึ้น และแน่นอนว่าเมื่อบทลงโทษต้องมาตกอยู่ที่ชนชั้นสูง ก็สามารถยกเลิกไปได้อย่างดื้อๆนั่นคือไม่ต้องรับโทษ

ในเรื่องมีการส่งสัญญาณตั้งแต่ตอนเริ่มต้น EP แรกๆ จากสาธารณูปโภคพื้นฐานที่เกมส์จะมีให้นั้นจะมีเพียงอาหารจำกัดจำนวนกล่อง กติกาที่บอกว่า ลิฟท์ที่ส่งของจะทำได้เพียงการส่งจากบนลงล่างเท่านั้น อาหารและน้ำขวดเริ่มต้นที่ชั้น 8 และมีเพียง 12 ชุด จากโลกแห่งความเสมอภาคด้วยกติกาที่ตั้งร่วมกันว่า ได้รับคนละ 1 ชุด แล้วอีก 4 ชุดที่เหลือมอบให้กับห้องที่ทำงานหนักที่สุดในวันนั้นๆ

แต่ชนชั้นสูง ก็เริ่มท้าทายควบคุมด้วยการไม่ส่งอาหารลงมา จนทำให้ชนชั้นล่างเกิดความหวาดกลัวว่า ชนชั้นสูงจะไม่ส่งอาหารและน้ำลงมาให้อีก กลายเป็นว่า อาหารและน้ำที่พึงได้ตามสิทธิ์(ที่คิดเอง) ไปอยู่บนพื้นฐานความเมตตาของชนชั้นบนที่มีต่อชนชั้นล่างโดยปริยาย

นอกจากนั้นของเสียจากการขับถ่าย ก็ยังถูกส่งลงมาให้คนชั้นล่างเป็นคนเก็บรับเอาไว้ อาศัยหลับนอนกับสิ่งนั้น ด้วยสภาพจำยอม แม้จะห้องเล็กขนาดหมุนตัว แต่ก็ต้องรับสิ่งปฎิกูลเหล่านี้และใช้ชีวิตไปกับมัน ในขณะที่ชนชั้นสูง ใช้ชีวิตอย่างสุขสบาย สั่งซื้อทุกอย่างได้ตามต้องการ

การปฎิวัติ แน่นอนว่า การถูกกดขี่ข่มเหง ควบคุมบงการ กิจกรรมและบทลงโทษ ที่สร้างความบาดเจ็บ เพื่อแลกกับเวลา โดยชนชั้นสูงไม่ต้องโดนลงโทษใดๆ ทำให้ชนชั้นล่างต้องวางแผนปฎิวัติยึดอำนาจ แน่นอนที่สุดว่า ต่อให้ทำได้ก็จะสำเร็จเพียงชั่วคราว ในท้ายที่สุดชนชั้นสูง คือผู้ที่ควบคุมสังคมนี้อยู่เสมอ ชัยชนะที่ชนชั้นล่างได้มาเป็นความสุขเพียงชั่วคราวเสมอ เพราะมนุษย์เรา เมื่อได้ชัยชนะแล้ว อำนาจในมือจะทำให้แสดงตัวตนที่แท้จริงออกมาในที่สุด และนั่นทำให้ชนชั้นสูงกลับมาควบคุมสังคมอีกครั้ง ซีรีย์ยังตอกย้ำให้เห็นด้วยว่า ต่อให้ชนชั้นล่างมีเงินมากขนาดไหน ก็ไม่สามารถอัพเกรดตัวเอง ไปเป็นชนชั้นสูงได้ เพราะจะเจอกติกาซ้อนกติกา อย่างไม่สิ้นสุด จนชนชั้นล่างหมดกำลังไปเอง

อำนาจที่แท้จริง

ซีรีย์แสดงให้เห็นถึงอำนาจ เงินตรา ชนชั้น ความเหลื่อมล้ำ การเลือกความเป็นอยู่ชีวิตระหว่างการยอมจำนนและการต่อสู้เพื่ออิสรภาพ เราอาจมองว่า นี่คือเกมส์ที่ชนชั้นสูงได้เปรียบ เงินที่ได้อำนาจที่มี คือพลังแห่งการควบคุมทุกสรรพสิ่งบนโลกนั้น

แต่ถ้าเราขยับมองให้ถอยออกจากนั้นอีกขั้นนึง จะพบว่าทุกคนล้วนตกภายใต้อำนาจที่พวกเขาเลือกไม่ได้ อำนาจที่เขาไม่มีสิทธิ์เลือกอะไรทั้งนั้น ทุกอย่างที่เกิดขึ้น มาจากการกำหนดไว้แล้ว ไม่ว่าจะสาธารณูปโภคขั้นพื้นฐานต่างๆที่อยู่ อาหาร รายได้ ภาวะเงินเฟ้อ และแม้แต่รางวัล โดยใช้ เวลา ซึ่งเป็นสิ่งมีค่าที่สุดมาเป็นตัวกำหนดความเป็นไปของชีวิต

คนที่กุมทุกอย่างที่กล่าวมานี้ต่างหาก คือ ผู้มีอำนาจที่แท้จริง ที่แม้แต่ชนชั้น 8 ก็ไม่สามารถต้านทานใดๆได้ ต่อให้มีรายได้มหาศาลเท่าไร ก็ต้องจำนนกับอัตราเงินเฟ้อและกติกาต่างๆ ที่สามารถเปลี่ยนแปลงได้ตลอดเวลา โดยไม่มีการโต้แย้ง ต้องยอมรับปฎิบัติตามเท่านั้น

หนังสือ never ending story เรียกสิ่งนี้ว่า เจ้าความว่างเปล่า

ในซีรีย์นี้ เราเรียกกลุ่มพลังอำนาจเหล่านี้ว่า

คนดู

คนที่กำลังดูทุกอย่างที่เกิดขึ้น คนที่ดูเกมส์นี้อย่างสนุกสนานโดยไม่ต้องลงไปเล่นเอง คนที่อยู่เหนือเกมส์ คนที่กดไลค์ให้เวลา ที่มีรายได้สูงกว่าชนชั้น 8 หลายเท่า จนส่งมาเป็นรายได้ให้โลกใบนี้ได้อย่างต้องการ

คนดูพวกนี้ต่างหาก ที่กำหนดสังคมใบนี้อยู่ โดยที่คนในนั้นไม่มีสิทธิ์ใดๆ นอกจากทำตาม

siamstr

pirateketo

@ bc28e497:47ee86bd

Over the past year, Chingari has emerged as a dark horse in the SocialFi field, showcasing a remarkable growth trajectory. According to the data presented, since May 2023, Chingari has experienced significant fluctuations and growth in its independent active user count (UAW), transaction volume, and number of transactions. Particularly at the beginning of 2024, Chingari witnessed several substantial increases in user activity and transaction volume, demonstrating its strong performance in the market.

According to Coin98 Analytics, in the past 30 days, Chingari ranks seventh in the number of independent active addresses, with a total of 777K, indicating its gradually solidifying position in the SocialFi app landscape. This achievement not only reflects Chingari’s breakthroughs in technology and product development, but also highlights its precise understanding of user demands and market trends.

Whether in the Web2 or Web3 world, social applications have become a necessity for users, and Chingari has gradually attracted a large number of users’ attention and participation with its unique operating model and innovative features. Next, we will delve into an analysis of Chingari’s operational strategies and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

Chingari Platform Overview: Indian Innovative Short Video Social App with Impressive Incentive Mechanisms and User Growth Chingari is a popular short video social application that has quickly gained prominence in the Indian market since its launch in 2020. Similar to China’s TikTok, Chingari allows users to earn rewards by creating and sharing short video content. With its innovative features and reward mechanisms, Chingari has attracted a large number of users, forming a massive community with over 175 million current users.

Expanding User Base

Chingari’s vision is to become the best short video sharing platform for users, dedicated to providing opportunities for talented individuals to showcase themselves. Users can capture and share perfect videos to showcase themselves to the world. Currently, Chingari boasts over 50 million users and 160 million views, with downloads exceeding 130 million times. The platform offers multiple language versions to enable more people to use this popular new platform and emphasizes protecting user data and security to ensure users can use it with peace of mind.

Innovative Reward Mechanisms

Chingari not only provides a platform to showcase talent but also incentivizes user participation in content creation through various means. Users can earn GARI tokens by watching, sharing, and creating video content. These tokens can be used to unlock special content from creators or purchase voice or video call experiences with creators. By staking idle assets in the wallet, users can also earn additional rewards. This “create and earn” and “participate and earn” mechanism greatly stimulates user enthusiasm and promotes platform activity.

Financing and Development

In just a few years, Chingari has achieved significant milestones. In 2021, Chingari raised $19 million in funding and was ranked as India’s number one social networking app in the Indian government’s “App Innovation Challenge.” In May 2022, Chingari completed a $15 million Series A expansion round of financing, providing a solid foundation for further development. In the future, Chingari plans to launch integrated beta testing and live testing of blockchain, further enriching user experience and driving the platform’s continued development.

Through these efforts, Chingari is continuously reshaping the social media landscape, providing users with better experiences and more opportunities. Chingari’s success is not only a breakthrough in technology and products but also a precise understanding of user needs and market trends. Next, we will delve into the operational strategies of Chingari and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

In-depth Analysis of Chingari’s Integration with Kana Labs Paymaster: A Crucial Layout for Decentralized Social Media Innovation and Integration: Chingari’s Latest Move

On February 23, 2024, Chingari, a leading short video sharing platform in the Web3 space, announced its integration with Kana Labs Paymaster service, offering sponsored transactions covering gas fees. This move aims to further optimize user experience, lower the barrier of entry for users, and foster widespread adoption of the platform. Since its establishment in 2018, Chingari has been dedicated to empowering creators through NFT technology, providing content ownership management, and now boasts nearly 5 million daily active users with a daily video viewing count of up to 200 million.

The Significance of Paymaster Technology

Paymaster is a blockchain infrastructure that allows companies or third-party entities to store tokens for sponsoring transactions. This means that any dApp integrated with Paymaster technology can provide its users with a seamless transaction experience without the complexity of gas fees. Paymaster accounts hold various tokens used to pay for transaction fees, enabling these dApps to cover the gas fees for transactions, thus simplifying the user’s operational process.

Kana Labs’ Paymaster service is widely recognized for its efficiency and reliability and is recommended by Aptos Labs as the preferred choice for dApp integration. Chingari chose to partner with Kana Labs not only for its advantages in the multi-chain ecosystem but also for Kana Labs’ excellent performance in cross-chain solutions and smart wallet capabilities. By integrating Kana Labs Paymaster service, Chingari can effectively reduce users’ transaction costs, enhance platform scalability, and improve user satisfaction.

The Future of Decentralized Ecosystems

Chingari, initially built on the Solana network, has now migrated to the Aptos network to leverage its higher scalability and lower gas fees. This multi-chain strategy ensures Chingari’s leading position in both technological innovation and user experience. Since mid-February 2024, Chingari has sponsored over 800,000 transactions through the Kana Labs Paymaster service. This integration not only enhances the platform’s decentralized transaction management capabilities but also enables users to enjoy a more convenient Web3 experience.

In the future, as Kana Labs continues to expand its services in the multi-chain ecosystem, Chingari will be able to achieve greater market penetration and technical integration on a global scale. Through this collaboration, Chingari not only enhances its own competitiveness but also sets new benchmarks for the development of decentralized social media. This move by Chingari heralds more innovation and transformation for decentralized social platforms in the future.

Chingari’s Multi-Pronged Approach Leads to Comprehensive Improvement in User Engagement and Platform Functionality Web3 social media enthusiasts are well aware that Chingari, as a leading short video sharing platform, has gained significant influence both within and outside the Web3 community. Specifically, Chingari has made remarkable progress in several areas, making waves in the market:

Firstly, in terms of user incentives, Chingari has significantly increased user engagement through a series of reward mechanisms. For example, on May 10, 2024, Chingari announced the “Refer and Earn Leaderboard Contest” on the X platform, with a prize pool of up to $100,000 in GARI tokens. This initiative encourages users to refer new users and stay active on the platform, with referrers earning 100 $GARI for each successful referral and referees earning 50 $GARI. This initiative not only promotes user growth but also enhances community interaction.

In terms of platform operations, Chingari has adopted a strategy of regularly burning GARI tokens to control token supply and increase their scarcity. On May 13, 2024, Chingari announced the successful burning of 500,000 GARI tokens, worth approximately $11,000, reducing the total supply by 1.61%. This burning mechanism effectively enhances token value and boosts user confidence in the platform’s long-term development.

Additionally, Chingari has introduced several advanced trading tools, enhancing the user trading experience. On May 30, 2024, the platform launched DEX aggregation functionality, providing better trading options through Raydium and Meteor. Meanwhile, users can utilize limit orders and Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) automated investment strategies to better control their trading and investment plans. By staking GARI tokens, users not only gain voting rights but also participate in platform governance, voting on proposals, thereby enhancing their involvement in platform decisions.

To further enhance user experience and platform functionality, Chingari plans to launch perpetual contract trading using Drift.trade and Raydium liquidity on July 5, 2024. Additionally, users can borrow other cryptocurrencies using GARI or SOL tokens as collateral until July 30, 2024, unlocking more liquidity and improving asset utilization efficiency.

Overall, through these strategies and feature innovations, Chingari has not only successfully expanded its user base and platform functionality diversity but also demonstrated its forward-looking layout and innovative spirit in the Web3 social media field. However, despite these measures showing strong growth potential, future market changes and user demands remain uncertain. Whether Chingari can maintain its leading position in the fierce competition in the future remains to be seen.

@ 42342239:1d80db24

Trust is a topic increasingly being discussed. Whether it is trust in each other, in the media, or in our authorities, trust is generally seen as a cornerstone of a strong and well-functioning society. The topic was also the theme of the World Economic Forum at its annual meeting in Davos earlier this year. Even among central bank economists, the subject is becoming more prevalent. Last year, Agustín Carstens, head of the BIS ("the central bank of central banks"), said that "[w]ith trust, the public will be more willing to accept actions that involve short-term costs in exchange for long-term benefits" and that "trust is vital for policy effectiveness".

It is therefore interesting when central banks or others pretend as if nothing has happened even when trust has been shattered.

Just as in Sweden and in hundreds of other countries, Canada is planning to introduce a central bank digital currency (CBDC), a new form of money where the central bank or its intermediaries (the banks) will have complete insight into citizens' transactions. Payments or money could also be made programmable. Everything from transferring ownership of a car automatically after a successful payment to the seller, to payments being denied if you have traveled too far from home.

"If Canadians decide a digital dollar is necessary, our obligation is to be ready" says Carolyn Rogers, Deputy Head of Bank of Canada, in a statement shared in an article.

So, what do the citizens want? According to a report from the Bank of Canada, a whopping 88% of those surveyed believe that the central bank should refrain from developing such a currency. About the same number (87%) believe that authorities should guarantee the opportunity to pay with cash instead. And nearly four out of five people (78%) do not believe that the central bank will care about people's opinions. What about trust again?

Canadians' likely remember the Trudeau government's actions against the "Freedom Convoy". The Freedom Convoy consisted of, among others, truck drivers protesting the country's strict pandemic policies, blocking roads in the capital Ottawa at the beginning of 2022. The government invoked never-before-used emergency measures to, among other things, "freeze" people's bank accounts. Suddenly, truck drivers and those with a "connection" to the protests were unable to pay their electricity bills or insurances, for instance. Superficially, this may not sound so serious, but ultimately, it could mean that their families end up in cold houses (due to electricity being cut off) and that they lose the ability to work (driving uninsured vehicles is not taken lightly). And this applied not only to the truck drivers but also to those with a "connection" to the protests. No court rulings were required.

Without the freedom to pay for goods and services, i.e. the freedom to transact, one has no real freedom at all, as several participants in the protests experienced.

In January of this year, a federal judge concluded that the government's actions two years ago were unlawful when it invoked the emergency measures. The use did not display "features of rationality - motivation, transparency, and intelligibility - and was not justified in relation to the relevant factual and legal limitations that had to be considered". He also argued that the use was not in line with the constitution. There are also reports alleging that the government fabricated evidence to go after the demonstrators. The case is set to continue to the highest court. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland have also recently been sued for the government's actions.

The Trudeau government's use of emergency measures two years ago sadly only provides a glimpse of what the future may hold if CBDCs or similar systems replace the current monetary system with commercial bank money and cash. In Canada, citizens do not want the central bank to proceed with the development of a CBDC. In canada, citizens in Canada want to strengthen the role of cash. In Canada, citizens suspect that the central bank will not listen to them. All while the central bank feverishly continues working on the new system...

"Trust is vital", said Agustín Carstens. But if policy-makers do not pause for a thoughtful reflection even when trust has been utterly shattered as is the case in Canada, are we then not merely dealing with lip service?

And how much trust do these policy-makers then deserve?

@ 7308f407:94057dcf

Chef's notes

This recipe is from a YouTube video that my mom sent to me because she wanted to try it. I made the recipe for my family once, and it was a success. We made Birria bowls, Birria nachos, Quesatacos (crispy tacos filled with cheese, birria, cilantro, onion and Salsa Macha.) I have been using this recipe for the last three years.

The YouTube title is "BIRRIA ESTILO TIJUANA en la birriería 'EL HOMMIE'". https://youtu.be/zAn8iM8dR14?si=gdYKBPyqyX13bwyo

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: The prep time for the recipe involves several steps, including preparing the vegetables, roasting and preparing the chiles, blending the ingredients, and straining the sauce. Here's a rough estimate of the prep time: Preparing vegetables and chiles (cutting, roasting, and removing seeds): 15 minutes Blending and straining the sauce: 10 minutes Mixing ingredients and initial setup for cooking the meat: 10-15 minutes Overall, the estimated prep time is now approximately 35-40 minutes.
• 🍳 Cook time: The cooking time for the recipe involves several steps: Boiling the sauce: 20 minutes Cooking the meat in the broth: 4-8 hours (The cooking time for the meat in the broth depends on how small or big you cut the meat before cooking.) Additional steps such as cooking down the fat (if using for Quesatacos): 20 minutes Overall, the estimated cooking time is approximately 4 hours and 40 minutes to 8 hours and 40 minutes.
• 🍽️ Servings: This recipe typically serves approximately 8-10 people +, depending on how much meat each person eats or how many tacos you make.

Ingredients

• 24 Guajillo chiles
• 17 Pasilla chiles
• 1 large onion
• Water (to boil dry chiles)
• 5 cloves
• 2 bay leaves
• 3 tablespoons salt
• 5 garlic cloves
• Salt to taste
• Ingredients for Cooking Birria:
• 1/2 bunch cilantro
• 10 tablespoons dried oregano
• 2 teaspoons dried thyme
• 1 + 1/2 tablespoons ground black pepper
• 2 tablespoons ground cumin
• 6 cups water
• Adobo sauce (from dry chiles listed above)

Directions

1. Adobo Sauce Preparation:
2. To prepare the vegetables for the Adobo sauce, cut the tomatoes into halves. Next, cut the white onion into quarters.
3. Remove the stem and seeds from the dried peppers. Roast the ancho and guajillo chiles for a couple of seconds on each side.
4. In a medium/large pot, turn the heat to medium. Add water, chiles, onion, tomatoes, five garlic cloves, five cloves, and two bay leaves along with three tablespoons of salt.
5. As some of the vegetables and spices boil, blend the ingredients from the pot. Once combined, add them back to the pot and merge the next batch.
6. Remove the bay leaves to prevent them from blending into the sauce.
7. Once all ingredients are blended, boil the sauce for 20 minutes, removing the foam that rises to the surface. Cooking the sauce down allows the tomatoes to break down and develop a great taste with the spices.
8. After the sauce is finished cooking, use a large bowl and metal strainer to strain the sauce, removing the pepper seeds and any remnants of the tomato.
9. Meat Preparation:
10. In a large pot, add the meat along with 1/2 bunch of cilantro, ten tablespoons of dried oregano, two teaspoons of dried thyme, 1 1/2 teaspoons of ground black pepper, two tablespoons of ground cumin, six cups of water, and the Adobo sauce you previously made.
11. Mix all ingredients in the pot to ensure the Adobo sauce is evenly dispersed.
12. Cook on high heat until it begins to boil. Once boiling, stir the ingredients, cover with a lid, and set to the lowest heat setting on the stove. Cook for about 4-8 hours with the lid on.
13. After the cooking time, verify that the meat is tender by using a fork to cut through. If the meat is not tender enough, add more time to cook on low.
14. If the meat is to your desired consistency, remove it to another bowl. Allow the meat to cool down if you are shredding it by hand. If not, keep it aside to add back to the pot once the broth is strained. You can also chop the meat using a knife to break it down into smaller pieces.
15. Remove the cilantro and discard it along with any other unwanted parts from the broth.
16. Remove the fat from the broth into a bowl and keep it aside if you would like to use it for Quesatacos.
17. If using the fat from the broth, cook it down on medium heat for about 20 minutes. This breaks down the fat from a solid to a liquid. After cooking, strain the fat to separate the solids from the liquid.
18. Strain all sauce using a metal strainer.
19. Leave some sauce on the side if you are making beans with the broth (about 12 cups).
20. Once the broth is strained, add the meat back into the pot.
21. Ready to serve with meat in its broth, as Quesatacos, or however you would like to enjoy the Birria.

@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f

One of the first duties of a doctor is to teach the masses not to take any medicine. - William Osler

All things are poison and not anything else but poison, the dose alone makes that thing not poison. - Paracelsus

Don't think the first quote needs much more explanation than that. Unfortunately, modern 'doctors' and healthcare systems at large have been heavily corrupted by the idea and incentive that patients = profits. This is why it is important for us to learn about and take accountability of our own health, and consistently work on improving it because if not the system will continue to take complete advantage of our lack of knowledge all the way down to our last breath and penny.

"Paracelsus, a Swiss physician and alchemist of the Renaissance, is often referred to as the father of toxicology. His statement highlights the idea that any substance can be harmful if taken in large enough quantities, and conversely, even toxic substances can be harmless or beneficial in small doses. This principle is known as the dose-response relationship." - ChatGPT

Paracelsus specifically addresses the dose-dependent nature of both the harms and benefits of substances, however this principle aligns well with the concept of hormesis too. In contemporary society, where life has become significantly safer, more stable, and comfortable, we can observe that this lack of stress and absence of physical and mental challenges have contributed to a rise in mental health issues and autoimmune diseases. This illustrates that too much comfort can become the "poison" Paracelsus warned about.

Conversely, many are now recognizing the immense benefits of deliberately engaging in "poisonous" activities—where short-term exposure to stressors, such as high-intensity exercise, deliberate hyperthermia (e.g., sauna use), or hypothermia (e.g., cold showers), can yield significant health benefits. These controlled exposures to stress can trigger adaptive responses in the body, enhancing resilience and overall well-being. Thus, embracing hormetic stress can be seen as a modern application of Paracelsus's insight into the importance of dose and balance.

@ bc28e497:47ee86bd

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, major platforms are accelerating the construction and expansion of their ecosystems. In early May, Neon significantly boosted its ecosystem capabilities and development through two key initiatives: launching the Lumen Money protocol and forming a strategic partnership with Eclipse. These moves not only strengthened Neon's market position but also brought new opportunities and functionalities to its user and developer communities.

Firstly, the launch of Lumen Money provides Neon users with a new decentralized lending platform, allowing them to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies in a trustless manner. The protocol automates the lending process through smart contracts, with interest rates determined by dynamic algorithms based on the supply and demand of various supported cryptocurrencies. Additionally, since Lumen Money is deployed on Neon EVM, it can directly access the native liquidity of the Solana ecosystem and leverage its network advantages, significantly enhancing transaction efficiency and user experience.

Secondly, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in blockchain network interoperability. This partnership successfully overcomes the compatibility barrier between EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and SVM (Solana Virtual Machine) by integrating the mature technology suite, Neon Stack, developed by the core team at Neon EVM. This move not only enhances compatibility between EVM and SVM but also creates more possibilities for developers and users, driving the development and deployment of innovative applications.

Through these strategic initiatives, Neon not only strengthens its technical foundation but also provides its user and developer community with broader operational scope and more efficient tools. This demonstrates its firm commitment to advancing the forefront of blockchain technology and promoting ecosystem diversity. Below, we will briefly analyze the potential impact of launching the Lumen Money protocol and collaborating with Eclipse on Neon's development.

Launching Lumen Money: A Revolutionary Lending Protocol Lumen Money is a brand-new decentralized finance (DeFi) platform that offers users a trustless lending environment. The core of this platform lies in its smart contracts, which automatically handle all lending activities and adjust interest rates in real-time based on market supply and demand dynamics.

Deployed on Neon EVM, Lumen Money can seamlessly integrate into the Solana ecosystem, providing platform users with native liquidity advantages while fully leveraging Solana's network features. Utilizing the Compound Finance codebase, Lumen Money establishes a comprehensive money market, allowing Solana users to borrow and lend funds directly from its rich asset pool.

The platform employs an over-collateralized lending model, meaning borrowers need to provide assets worth more than the loan amount as collateral. This approach enhances the security of the lending process. Borrowers can deposit their crypto assets into Lumen's lending pools and earn interest on these assets. The interest rates are determined by a utilization-based rate curve model, initially pioneered by Compound Finance.

To improve user experience and security, Lumen Money offers a diverse range of money market options, including popular assets like ETH, SOL, USDT, and USDC. Additionally, Lumen Money plans to gradually add more asset classes, including long-tail assets that can be utilized in isolated lending pools. The platform integrates top-tier oracle services like Pyth and Chainlink and implements time locks and multi-signature mechanisms for core contracts to ensure secure and reliable transactions.

Moreover, Lumen Money has introduced the Lumen Loyalty Points system to encourage user lending activities and platform engagement. These points reflect users' contributions to the Lumen ecosystem, with a portion allocated for community airdrops and another portion used for community incentives and revenue-sharing models.

As the Neon EVM ecosystem continues to grow, Lumen Money’s participation undeniably brings broader application scenarios and deeper market engagement to the Neon platform. This not only enhances Neon’s market competitiveness but also offers its users a more diverse range of financial tools and services, showcasing Neon’s proactive stance and capability in driving blockchain financial innovation.

Neon and Eclipse Collaborate to Overcome EVM and SVM Compatibility Barriers In the rapidly evolving blockchain technology landscape, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in compatibility between two major ecosystems. Through this strategic alliance, Eclipse becomes the first platform to integrate the Neon Stack, achieving seamless compatibility between the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM). This accomplishment not only enhances the technical interoperability of the two platforms but also opens up new possibilities for developers and users, significantly advancing Web3’s penetration into the mainstream market.

Eclipse leverages its unique L2 modular design, combining Solana’s high-performance processing capabilities with Ethereum’s settlement features, to create a high-performance platform capable of handling large-scale transactions. The introduction of the Neon Stack provides crucial technical support to this structure, enabling SVM-based Eclipse to support native Ethereum dApps. This technological fusion resolves the long-standing incompatibility issue between EVM and SVM, allowing developers to deploy existing Ethereum applications on Solana without the need for extensive rewrites, while benefiting from lower transaction fees and faster processing speeds.

The Neon Stack itself is a comprehensive technological solution, including key components such as the Neon EVM smart contracts and Neon Proxy. These technologies not only simplify the process of transitioning from EVM to SVM but also enable Ethereum developers to seamlessly migrate to Solana by providing standard Web3 APIs. Additionally, the Neon Stack has been running on the Solana mainnet since July 2023, confirming its stability and efficiency.

This collaboration makes Eclipse the first platform in the market to leverage the advantages of both the Ethereum and Solana ecosystems simultaneously. Neel Somani, the founder and CEO of Eclipse Labs, stated, "Through our partnership with Neon Stack, we provide a platform for Solidity developers looking to build on high-performance Layer 2 solutions to realize their vision." This integration not only strengthens the technical collaboration between the two platforms but also provides developers with a powerful tool to expand their applications without sacrificing performance.

Davide Menegaldo, Chief Business Officer of the Neon Foundation, added, "This collaboration is not just about technical integration but also about the convergence of two powerful ecosystems, providing a seamless experience for developers and users." This technological collaboration and development signal a move towards broader applicability and acceptance of blockchain technology, offering a possible blueprint for the development of other platforms and applications within the industry.

Over the next few months, this collaborative relationship is expected to be fully realized through multiple rounds of testing and optimization. This will not only enhance interoperability for developers and users but also drive the widespread adoption of Web3 technology. Through this unprecedented technological collaboration, Neon and Eclipse are committed to building a more open, interoperable, and efficient blockchain ecosystem.

Leading the future: Innovative protocols and strategic partnerships drive a new blockchain landscape As a witness to the continuous evolution of blockchain technology, Neon has once again demonstrated its leadership in advancing the forefront of technology and expanding the ecosystem through the launch of the Lumen Money protocol and its strategic partnership with Eclipse. These initiatives not only bring technological innovation and market advantages to Neon but also open up new possibilities and opportunities for users and developer communities, potentially reshaping the way decentralized finance and application development are conducted.

However, Neon's ambitions extend far beyond this. With the continuous maturation and expansion of the Neon EVM ecosystem, the company plans to continue driving innovation in its technology and services, aiming to become a leading platform in the blockchain space. By becoming a key player in the DeFi space with Lumen Money and accelerating blockchain interoperability through collaboration with Eclipse, Neon is steadily establishing its important position in the Web3 world.

Furthermore, as more developers and users experience the convenience and efficiency provided by Neon, the Neon EVM and its partner Eclipse will continue to be drivers of innovation, not only pushing forward blockchain technology but also building the Web3 revolution. This is just the beginning, and looking ahead, Neon is poised to lead more groundbreaking technological advancements, driving the entire blockchain industry towards broader applications and mainstream adoption.

@ d34e832d:383f78d0

The blockchain ecosystem is built upon multiple layers, each serving a unique purpose to ensure the robustness, scalability, and functionality of decentralized networks. This article aims to break down these layers—Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3—highlighting their roles and notable implementations such as Mainnet, Test Net, SigNet for Layer 1, Bisq, Liquid, and Lightning for Layer 2, and Nostr for Layer 3.

Layer 1 Networks

Layer 1 networks form the foundational layer of the blockchain protocol and are responsible for the core functionalities of the network, including consensus mechanisms, transaction validation, and maintaining the blockchain ledger.

Mainnet

Mainnet is the primary network where real transactions occur, and actual value is transferred. Transactions on Mainnet are irreversible and recorded on the blockchain ledger, providing a permanent audit trail. Examples of Mainnet networks include Bitcoin Mainnet and Ethereum Mainnet.

• Usage: Real-world transactions, dApps, and smart contracts.
• Security: High, with strong incentive mechanisms to ensure the integrity of transactions.
• Consensus: Proof of Work (PoW) for Bitcoin, Proof of Stake (PoS) for Ethereum 2.0.

Test Net

Test Net is an alternative network identical to Mainnet but used for testing purposes. Developers use Test Net to experiment with new features, smart contracts, and dApps without risking real assets.

• Usage: Testing and experimentation.
• Risk: Low, as Test Net transactions do not involve real value.
• Utility: Identifying bugs and issues before deploying on Mainnet.

SigNet

SigNet is a specialized Test Net that focuses on experimenting with signature schemes, particularly Schnorr signatures and Taproot, which aim to enhance privacy and scalability.

• Usage: Testing signature-related features and improvements.
• Focus: Advancements in cryptographic techniques and transaction efficiency.
• Participants: Developers and researchers focused on cryptographic enhancements.

Layer 2 Networks

Layer 2 networks are built on top of Layer 1 to enhance scalability, speed, and efficiency. These networks address the limitations of Layer 1 by handling transactions off the main blockchain while still leveraging its security features.

Bisq

Bisq is a decentralized Bitcoin exchange that allows users to trade cryptocurrencies without relying on a central authority. Bisq ensures privacy and security by conducting transactions directly between peers.

• Usage: Decentralized trading and exchange.
• Benefits: Privacy, security, and decentralization.
• Tech: Peer-to-peer network without central servers.

Liquid

Liquid is a sidechain developed by Blockstream that allows fast and confidential Bitcoin transactions. It enables quicker settlement times and privacy through confidential transactions.

• Usage: Fast and private Bitcoin transactions, trading, and issuance of digital assets.
• Features: Enhanced privacy, faster settlement, sidechain pegged to Bitcoin Mainnet.
• Participants: Exchanges, traders, and financial institutions.

Lightning Network

Lightning Network is designed to facilitate instant, low-cost micropayments by creating off-chain payment channels. Transactions are aggregated and settled on the Layer 1 network, reducing congestion and transaction fees.

• Usage: Instant micropayments and fast transactions.
• Benefits: Scalability, low fees, speed.
• Mechanism: Payment channels that operate off-chain, only settling on-chain when channels are closed.

Layer 3 Networks

Layer 3 networks build upon the functionalities of Layer 1 and Layer 2 to offer more sophisticated services and applications, often related to data management, communication, and additional privacy features.

Nostr

Nostr (Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays) is a protocol for decentralized, censorship-resistant messaging and social networking. Nostr leverages the underlying security and decentralization characteristics of the blockchain ecosystem.

• Usage: Secure, decentralized social media and communication.
• Benefits: Censorship resistance, privacy, and decentralization.
• Implementation: Uses public-private key cryptography for secure messaging and relay-based data transmission.

Closing

The blockchain ecosystem's multilayer architecture enables robust, scalable, and secure decentralized applications. Layer 1 networks like Mainnet, Test Net, and SigNet provide foundational support, while Layer 2 networks like Bisq, Liquid, and Lightning offer enhanced performance and efficiency. Layer 3 networks like Nostr further extend capabilities into decentralized communication and advanced applications.

Understanding these layers and their specific applications is crucial for anyone looking to navigate the blockchain space effectively, develop new solutions, or leverage the benefits of decentralized networks for a variety of uses. As the ecosystem continues to evolve

@ 55819c40:498febf6

Over the past year, Chingari has emerged as a dark horse in the SocialFi field, showcasing a remarkable growth trajectory. According to the data presented, since May 2023, Chingari has experienced significant fluctuations and growth in its independent active user count (UAW), transaction volume, and number of transactions. Particularly at the beginning of 2024, Chingari witnessed several substantial increases in user activity and transaction volume, demonstrating its strong performance in the market.

According to Coin98 Analytics, in the past 30 days, Chingari ranks seventh in the number of independent active addresses, with a total of 777K, indicating its gradually solidifying position in the SocialFi app landscape. This achievement not only reflects Chingari’s breakthroughs in technology and product development, but also highlights its precise understanding of user demands and market trends.

Whether in the Web2 or Web3 world, social applications have become a necessity for users, and Chingari has gradually attracted a large number of users’ attention and participation with its unique operating model and innovative features. Next, we will delve into an analysis of Chingari’s operational strategies and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

Chingari Platform Overview: Indian Innovative Short Video Social App with Impressive Incentive Mechanisms and User Growth Chingari is a popular short video social application that has quickly gained prominence in the Indian market since its launch in 2020. Similar to China’s TikTok, Chingari allows users to earn rewards by creating and sharing short video content. With its innovative features and reward mechanisms, Chingari has attracted a large number of users, forming a massive community with over 175 million current users.

Expanding User Base

Chingari’s vision is to become the best short video sharing platform for users, dedicated to providing opportunities for talented individuals to showcase themselves. Users can capture and share perfect videos to showcase themselves to the world. Currently, Chingari boasts over 50 million users and 160 million views, with downloads exceeding 130 million times. The platform offers multiple language versions to enable more people to use this popular new platform and emphasizes protecting user data and security to ensure users can use it with peace of mind.

Innovative Reward Mechanisms

Chingari not only provides a platform to showcase talent but also incentivizes user participation in content creation through various means. Users can earn GARI tokens by watching, sharing, and creating video content. These tokens can be used to unlock special content from creators or purchase voice or video call experiences with creators. By staking idle assets in the wallet, users can also earn additional rewards. This “create and earn” and “participate and earn” mechanism greatly stimulates user enthusiasm and promotes platform activity.

Financing and Development

In just a few years, Chingari has achieved significant milestones. In 2021, Chingari raised $19 million in funding and was ranked as India’s number one social networking app in the Indian government’s “App Innovation Challenge.” In May 2022, Chingari completed a $15 million Series A expansion round of financing, providing a solid foundation for further development. In the future, Chingari plans to launch integrated beta testing and live testing of blockchain, further enriching user experience and driving the platform’s continued development.

Through these efforts, Chingari is continuously reshaping the social media landscape, providing users with better experiences and more opportunities. Chingari’s success is not only a breakthrough in technology and products but also a precise understanding of user needs and market trends. Next, we will delve into the operational strategies of Chingari and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

In-depth Analysis of Chingari’s Integration with Kana Labs Paymaster: A Crucial Layout for Decentralized Social Media Innovation and Integration: Chingari’s Latest Move

On February 23, 2024, Chingari, a leading short video sharing platform in the Web3 space, announced its integration with Kana Labs Paymaster service, offering sponsored transactions covering gas fees. This move aims to further optimize user experience, lower the barrier of entry for users, and foster widespread adoption of the platform. Since its establishment in 2018, Chingari has been dedicated to empowering creators through NFT technology, providing content ownership management, and now boasts nearly 5 million daily active users with a daily video viewing count of up to 200 million.

The Significance of Paymaster Technology

Paymaster is a blockchain infrastructure that allows companies or third-party entities to store tokens for sponsoring transactions. This means that any dApp integrated with Paymaster technology can provide its users with a seamless transaction experience without the complexity of gas fees. Paymaster accounts hold various tokens used to pay for transaction fees, enabling these dApps to cover the gas fees for transactions, thus simplifying the user’s operational process.

Kana Labs’ Paymaster service is widely recognized for its efficiency and reliability and is recommended by Aptos Labs as the preferred choice for dApp integration. Chingari chose to partner with Kana Labs not only for its advantages in the multi-chain ecosystem but also for Kana Labs’ excellent performance in cross-chain solutions and smart wallet capabilities. By integrating Kana Labs Paymaster service, Chingari can effectively reduce users’ transaction costs, enhance platform scalability, and improve user satisfaction.

The Future of Decentralized Ecosystems

Chingari, initially built on the Solana network, has now migrated to the Aptos network to leverage its higher scalability and lower gas fees. This multi-chain strategy ensures Chingari’s leading position in both technological innovation and user experience. Since mid-February 2024, Chingari has sponsored over 800,000 transactions through the Kana Labs Paymaster service. This integration not only enhances the platform’s decentralized transaction management capabilities but also enables users to enjoy a more convenient Web3 experience.

In the future, as Kana Labs continues to expand its services in the multi-chain ecosystem, Chingari will be able to achieve greater market penetration and technical integration on a global scale. Through this collaboration, Chingari not only enhances its own competitiveness but also sets new benchmarks for the development of decentralized social media. This move by Chingari heralds more innovation and transformation for decentralized social platforms in the future.

Chingari’s Multi-Pronged Approach Leads to Comprehensive Improvement in User Engagement and Platform Functionality Web3 social media enthusiasts are well aware that Chingari, as a leading short video sharing platform, has gained significant influence both within and outside the Web3 community. Specifically, Chingari has made remarkable progress in several areas, making waves in the market:

Firstly, in terms of user incentives, Chingari has significantly increased user engagement through a series of reward mechanisms. For example, on May 10, 2024, Chingari announced the “Refer and Earn Leaderboard Contest” on the X platform, with a prize pool of up to $100,000 in GARI tokens. This initiative encourages users to refer new users and stay active on the platform, with referrers earning 100 $GARI for each successful referral and referees earning 50 $GARI. This initiative not only promotes user growth but also enhances community interaction.

In terms of platform operations, Chingari has adopted a strategy of regularly burning GARI tokens to control token supply and increase their scarcity. On May 13, 2024, Chingari announced the successful burning of 500,000 GARI tokens, worth approximately $11,000, reducing the total supply by 1.61%. This burning mechanism effectively enhances token value and boosts user confidence in the platform’s long-term development.

Additionally, Chingari has introduced several advanced trading tools, enhancing the user trading experience. On May 30, 2024, the platform launched DEX aggregation functionality, providing better trading options through Raydium and Meteor. Meanwhile, users can utilize limit orders and Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) automated investment strategies to better control their trading and investment plans. By staking GARI tokens, users not only gain voting rights but also participate in platform governance, voting on proposals, thereby enhancing their involvement in platform decisions.

To further enhance user experience and platform functionality, Chingari plans to launch perpetual contract trading using Drift.trade and Raydium liquidity on July 5, 2024. Additionally, users can borrow other cryptocurrencies using GARI or SOL tokens as collateral until July 30, 2024, unlocking more liquidity and improving asset utilization efficiency.

Overall, through these strategies and feature innovations, Chingari has not only successfully expanded its user base and platform functionality diversity but also demonstrated its forward-looking layout and innovative spirit in the Web3 social media field. However, despite these measures showing strong growth potential, future market changes and user demands remain uncertain. Whether Chingari can maintain its leading position in the fierce competition in the future remains to be seen.

@ 92cb589e:adb37f9b

yo

@ 000002de:c05780a7

@ 629c7b77:8283da35

The most important thing to realize at the start of your bitcoin journey is not your keys not your coins. This term coined by Andreas Antonopolous around a decade ago means that if you are not in possession of your private keys, you do not have access to your bitcoin. You have an IOU and have to ask for permission to someone else in order to use the bitcoin. "But what is a private key and how do I know if I have it or not" is a common question I have been asked by newcomers to bitcoin. Your private key is a number, a 256 bit integer, an unimaginably large number and so long as you have this number you can spend your bitcoin and so long as nobody else has this number, nobody else can spend your bitcoin. This YouTube video by 3Blue1Brown explains just how big the number is and how unlikely it is that somebody could guess your private key. Computer wallets like Sparrow, phone wallets like Blue Wallet as well as hardware wallets like ColdCard (etc..) specialize in managing private keys and keeping them reasonably safe.

A common concern I have heard from newcomers to bitcoin is that there's no way to keep the private key safe. They reason that maybe it is offline at the start but in order to be useful it must be exposed at some point. I get some incredulous looks when I tell them that we never reveal the private key but we can prove we have it using digital signatures. Elliptic Curve Cryptography is a fascinating subject and even the basics are far beyond the scope of this post. The important thing to know is that from a private key we can mathematically derive a public key. With our private key we can sign(think numbers and algebra not handwriting) a message(think bitcoin transaction). Anybody that has the public key information and the signature number can use basic math to prove that only the person with the private key could have produced the signature needed to spend some bitcoin. Its also important to note that there is no known way to gain any information about a private key with just a public key.

When we send a bitcoin transaction we don't actually send it to an address, in fact the bitcoin blockchain has no concept of an address. What we are doing is locking the bitcoin to a script. A example of a simple locking script would be two items "public_key check_signature". Check_signature is a op_code that bitcoin software knows how to check that a signature is valid for a given transaction(message) and public key. The bitcoin is sent or locked to this script and the only thing that can unlock this script is a "signature" made by the private key corresponding to the public key. This is a simple example of part of what bitcoin core is checking when you hear the term validating transactions. Scripts have evolved from this simple pay to public key example that was used in the early days of bitcoin to other more secure and useful script types like pay to public key hash(p2pkh), pay to script hash(p2sh), pay to witness pubkey hash(p2wpkh), pay to witness script hash(p2wsh) and pay to taproot(p2tr). There is a standard way for wallets to generate addresses for each script type that make sending bitcoin easier for users. P2pkh addresses start with a 1, p2sh with a 3, p2wpkh, p2wsh, p2tr with a bc1.

So to summarize, not your keys, not your coins. Use good wallet software/hardware to manage your private keys for you. If you lose your private keys you will not be able to produce the necessary digital signature needed to unlock your bitcoin. Similarly, if someone gains access to your private keys, they will have all the necessary information to unlock or spend your coins to scripts where they control the private keys.

Bonus: One private key maps to one public key and from this public key one address of a given script type can be created. In the early bitcoin days every time your wallet needed a new address a new private public key pair was generated. This meant a new wallet backup had to be exported every time a new address was created. The goal of BIP (bitcoin improvement proposal) 32 was to solve this problem by creating a standard such that with one master seed, many private key public key pairs could be derived. Users of a wallet implementing this could backup a master seed(and a derivation path) at the time of wallet creation and always be able to recalculate all the private public key pairs needed to recreate and spend from the wallet in the future. HD wallets are the standard today and with the help of BIP39 which maps the master seed from a huge number to a seed phrase most of us are familiar with making it much easier for us to read and write.

@ ae1008d2:a166d760

I'm testing this to make sure I can post here on highlighter

@ 0d97beae:c5274a14

Bitcoin cannot be explained in a simple sentence. Nothing unknown really can. If I were to ask you what money was, there is no way you could explain it in a sentence and capture what money really was, because if you told me it was the cash in your wallet, I could ask how it can then be transferred over a plastic card, followed by why it inflates over time, followed by followed by why I can't send it to Russia and many more questions. Believe it or not, these are all properties of the money we use today.

We use money every day, yet most of us do not know where it comes from, why there is a government debt, nor what inflation really is.

Shells, salt, and gold were all used as money in the past, they were mediums by which we could take payment, defer for some time, and then make payments at a later date. Today we have cash, but we also have digital accounts with debit and credit balances as our medium for money.

Bitcoin is an alternative medium that can be used as money. Each medium has its properties, and people choose to use the medium that works best for them; the chosen medium can and does change over time as better ones become available, but we often settle on a single medium after a transitional period until a new and better medium is discovered later on.

At a glance, some of the more widely known properties of Bitcoin are:

1. It is digital and can be used over any digital communication technology including the internet.
2. It has a fixed maximum supply of 21 Million Bitcoin (scarce).
3. It has no central authority who controls its supply nor its utility (decentralised).
4. It can be owned and spent without any trusted intermediaries (permission-less).

Of course, there are more nuanced properties that are not so commonly brought up at the beginning of one's journey into the technology:

1. It exists in the form of a constantly growing public digital record (a digital ledger).
2. It relies on people to secure multiple copies of the ledger to remain resilient.
3. It depends on people to defend the properties that they care for in order to uphold its integrity.
4. It relies on energy to be globally abundant, yet costly-to-produce to keep itself impossible to co-opt.

This means that Bitcoin's existence and its headline properties are not self-sustaining or automatic, it is dependent on the active participation and efforts of individuals. There are also real operational costs due to the way it relies on energy production too.

This very circular dependency of properties depending on the people who depend on them should give anyone pause; if its properties depend on people, how easily can those properties be lost? Fortunately, these properties exist for as long as a single individual defends it. Its usefulness as a money is practically none, but the properties exist. As long as others begin to discover and value these properties, its user base will grow and its ability to represent a useful money will improve.

Contrasting the desired properties

The very properties mentioned at the beginning are unique, but together can make for a much more convenient money than we have today.

Today we have money that can be used online or in person and is convenient most of the time for many of us, but there are limits to how they can be used that are naturally enforced by the medium; the nature of needing to prove your identity to have a bank account, to plead your case before a bank will make a decision to approve or disapprove a large transaction: these are natural properties of our money today due to the mediums we use.

Banks are independent companies with the right to autonomy around who they serve, and what they permit, but they are also the only gateway to digital payments, and in many cases, even in-person payments when shops refuse to accept cash. They are also the gateway to loans and mortgages which are no longer just opportunistic products, but are necessities that people need to survive in society. As a medium for money, both banks and cash leave a lot to be desired - especially today where cash is becoming less widely accepted and increasingly painted as a suspicious tool used only by criminals.

Bitcoin can provide similar properties of cash payments within a digital setting; they are person to person (aka peer to peer) and no intermediary can intercept and block the transaction for political or liability risk purposes. This is often referred to as the permission-less property of Bitcoin. It also seems to be gaining the opposite reputation to cash as a tool for financial freedom and wealth preservation rather than a tool for shady activities, even though many are still trying to push that narrative.

If the convenience and accessibility problem does not affect or appeal to you, another property Bitcoin provides is its fixed maximum supply. This foremost removes the power for others to inflate the value of our money in order to pay for arbitrary political initiatives, forcing governments to cover their costs, including the support of wars, honestly through taxation and other forms of fund raising alone.

This property has another side effect: as traders observe Bitcoin's price in the market, they engage in trading activities, adding massively to its volatility. This volatility attracts more attention to Bitcoin which so happens to accelerate its growth. With a fixed supply, the only other determinant of its price is demand, and while trading demand can be volatile, and while traders tend not to care about the properties of Bitcoin as much as the opportunity for profits, there is an underlying market growth caused by individuals who discover and seek to acquire more Bitcoin after understanding its properties in contrast to those of their own money.

Bitcoin's core properties are much more valuable to people in third world countries. This is where much of the direct use of Bitcoin is happening, where its properties are being utilised and proven, and where there is an opportunity to make the most of this new medium to break free from tyranny and/or help people to improve their positions in the global order; and they will become more familiar with this medium before most of the rest of us catch on to how we can use it effectively as money.

Mainstream misconceptions of Bitcoin

Many try to downplay Bitcoin by citing its limited supply as its only attribute, but this is clearly not the case. It is the different properties together that make it a strong candidate for money, and it is the growing interest by people that makes it a likely candidate for a widely used money.

Another critique is that Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies are the same, and that there are more units of other cryptocurrencies, but again, Bitcoin is only Bitcoin; each other cryptocurrency should be evaluated on its own merits, yet they are often compared to the success stories of Bitcoin by those who wish to sell the product, and Bitcoin is often described as if it were the whole range of cryptocurrencies by those who wish to debate against Bitcoin.

It is widely accepted that the majority of cryptocurrencies are pump-and-dump and ponzi schemes, but what is not well acknowledged is that Bitcoin seems to be the only technology that does not have a central leader or authority. Many cryptocurrencies claim to have the same decentralised property, but for many reasons, there is always a leader or foundation that plans and pushes changes with little to no resistance, including Ethereum who has shown that when checks and balances are put into place but the foundation needs an exception, the checks and balances can be easily disabled or pushed into the future. It sounds a lot like central banks and how they often tend to kick many monetary problems down the road.

It is not impossible that cryptocurrencies may live for many years and serve a purpose to many, but they are closer to private money than to a neutral commodity, which means that they are likely to be captured and presented as the next money, while inheriting many of the properties of today's bank money with biased policies to the wealthy class over others. Worse still, they may have their leaders shut down operations and only then will we know whether the technology can stand and operate on its own with its users at the wheel, but its market price will likely tumble too.

Of course there are nuances

As people have explored and interacted with Bitcoin, they have confirmed that it has limitations, such as its limited capability of processing only around 4,200 transactions every 10 minutes on average. This does not however mean that it is doomed to fail, it merely means that if we wish to continue to use Bitcoin in the future among many more users, we may need to reconsider how we use it.

A great example of how we may overcome this limitation is a payments network called the Lightning Network which was designed to provide relief to Bitcoin by handling the majority of economic transactions off band, reducing the number of Bitcoin records from what might naturally be multiple per person per day, to possibly just a few per person per month.

Another example of its nuances, is the public nature of the Bitcoin ledger. Although there are no names or ID's associated with payments, there is a traceable trail of payments that have the potential to reveal very personal and private information such as your net worth, spending habits and who you financially interact with. Think of this as collection of anonymous data that can later be tied to your identity and become personal data.

This trail enables the strict accounting that Bitcoin employs to enforce its fixed maximum supply property and ensure that users can always verify it. Fortunately, researchers and developers have been working to find and develop ways for people to conceal or separate the details of their trades from their historical activities, while also improving the efficiency by which we use the medium; many people don't tend to value their privacy today, but if cheap enough, it can simply become the standard way to use Bitcoin.

Privacy is an important property to achieve, today we have privacy from our neighbours, but none from those who provide it and who also use it to exploit us. Bitcoin has the opportunity to become private from our neighbours and our would-be exploiters at the same time.

Other issues are also being researched and developed, such as how best to develop user interfaces for applications that interact with Bitcoin on behalf of its users (these apps are often called Bitcoin wallets). Many of the things that we must do today, such as writing down 12 words, may feel unfamiliar, but they are huge improvements to much scarier and error prone practices that were used in earlier years such as writing down a 64 character code of random looking letters and numbers. The products we use today will likely change over time, but those who see that progression will better understand the technology and may likely also influence the direction that these products take by simply using, not using, or even complaining or gossiping about them.

TLDR;

Bitcoin is a medium, a tool that can embody money and be used for trade, just like shells, gold, paper money and bank accounts have done until now. This has been a call for people to explore this medium and understand how to use it instead of ignoring it until you have fallen to a position of disadvantage compared to those who did.

Its limited supply makes it economically enticing as a store of value, but it also possesses properties that make it resilient to manipulation and efforts to control it. These properties mean that Bitcoin is not a passing fad to ignore.

We also compared its properties against the properties of the money we use today in order to highlight the stark difference in nature of Bitcoin, and to hint at some of the reasons why people are exploring Bitcoin for themselves and why it has become the only medium available to many people around the world to use as money.

Finally we explored some of the limitations of this medium in order to ensure that it is clear that Bitcoin is not in its final form just yet; just like the internet, it will evolve to overcome its limitations as people build out extra infrastructure in order to be able to benefit from its properties at scale.

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

I could successfully train daybreak-miqu 70B model on my PC. And after training I could ask it questions. Which was a great learning experience for me. While the model is learning about Nostr, I was learning about training.. .

Here I am using LLaMa-Factory for the training itself. And later llama.cpp for converting to GGUF. And also llama.cpp library to do inference.

Training

Command line for training: CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 venv/bin/accelerate launch --config_file examples/accelerate/fsdp_config.yaml src/train_bash.py --stage pt --do_train --model_name_or_path crestf411/daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf --dataset nostr1 --template default --finetuning_type lora --lora_target q_proj,v_proj --output_dir ml/training-checkpoints/daybreak-miqu-3-nostr1 --overwrite_cache --overwrite_output_dir --cutoff_len 1024 --per_device_train_batch_size 1 --per_device_eval_batch_size 1 --gradient_accumulation_steps 8 --lr_scheduler_type cosine --logging_steps 10 --save_steps 50 --eval_steps 50 --evaluation_strategy steps --load_best_model_at_end --learning_rate 5e-5 --num_train_epochs 3.0 --max_samples 8000 --val_size 0.1 --quantization_bit 4 --plot_loss --fp16

We basically take the original model (daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf) and try to patch it with an adapter. Training the whole model takes much more resources.

The adapter is trained with data from nostr1 dataset. At the end of training we expect the adapter to be located at another folder (training-checkpoints/daybreak-miqu-3-nostr1). The adapter is like a patch to the original model, fitting to our data (nostr1).

Merging

The model and the adapter is merged at the end to become the new model that we can query. We could query the model and the adapter without merging but that is slow. This whole method is called QLoRa, quantized low rank adapter training.

Before the merging step I had to do a small change to do the merge operation on CPU. The GPU VRAMs were not enough for this operation. I am on a 2x 3090.

Need to add to src/llmtuner/model/loader.py at line 89: init_kwargs['device_map'] = 'cpu' #for merge using CPU!

Command line for the merge: CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python src/export_model.py --model_name_or_path crestf411/daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf --adapter_name_or_path ml/training-checkpoints/daybreak-miqu-3-nostr1 --template default --finetuning_type lora --export_dir ml/training-merged/daybreak-miqu-nostr1 --export_size 2 --export_legacy_format False

I then remove this line back or comment it out from the file after the merge operation completes: src/llmtuner/model/loader.py at line 89: ```

init_kwargs['device_map'] = 'cpu' #for merge using CPU!

```

Quantizing

This may be for test purposes or you may skip this because it happens on CPU and it is really slow. Inference on the new model, which is not-quantized yet:

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python src/cli_demo.py --model_name_or_path ml/training-merged/daybreak-miqu-nostr1/ --template default

Converting transformers to GGUF for faster inference:

cd llama.cpp python convert.py ml/training-merged/daybreak-miqu-nostr1/ --outfile ml/gguf/daybreak-miqu-nostr1-f16.gguf --outtype f16

Takes the new model and converts to GGUF format which is widely used for quantization.

Converting to 3bit quantization for even faster inference:

The above step resulted in 16 bits per weight. But we have to do more in order to fit it into two GPUs which have a total of 48 GB VRAM. This process makes the model dumber. But it will be faster. It has been shown that quantization does not completely "kill" the model. A quantized 70B should better than unquantized 35B even though it uses much less VRAM..

I choose q3_K_L quantization for most smartness and still fit in 48GB.

./quantize ml/gguf/daybreak-miqu-nostr1-f16.gguf ml/gguf/daybreak-miqu-nostr1-q3KL.gguf Q3_K_L

Inference

Using llama-cpp-python to load the model on GPUs and ask it questions. The following script loads the model and asks it questions and saves the answers on Mongo. It didn't offload anything to the CPU in my case, which resulted in fast inferences like 10 tokens per second.

``` import uuid from datetime import datetime import time from llama_cpp import Llama from colorist import rgb from pymongo import MongoClient

db = MongoClient('mongodb://trippy2:27017/miqu').miqu

sys_msg = """You are a helpful chat bot, answering questions about Nostr. Your answers should be around 100 words. Always give two answers, one short version (TLDR) and one long version. """

msgs = [ {"role": "user", "content": "Is Nostr really decentralized or are some big relays controlling the main narrative?"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": """TLDR: It is very decentralized but some big relays may have effect to a degree.

Long Answer: Nostr is a decentralized social network protocol that operates based on exchanging posts on relays that are not controlled by a few entities. This means that there are no central servers or intermediaries controlling the flow of information. Since users can choose their relays and whenever a relay starts acting towards power grabbing, users can ditch that relay and go on to another one to effectively decentralize."""}, {"role": "user", "content": "Does Nostr run on blockchain?"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": """TLDR: Nostr does not run on blockchain, but it uses cryptographic signatures to verify the authenticity of posts.

Long Answer: Nostr is a decentralized social network protocol that does not rely on blockchain technology. Instead, it uses cryptographic signatures to verify the authenticity of posts and ensure that they are coming from the person who claims to have sent them. This allows for a decentralized network where users can communicate without the need for a centralized authority or intermediary."""}, ]

session = str(uuid.uuid4())

model = 'miqu-day-iq2' # yet another quantization method iMatrix

                      # fails

model = 'miqu-day-iq3s' # old iMatrix quant

                      # fails

model = 'miqu-day-iq3' # all layers into GPU

                      # not bad
                      # 15 tps

model = 'miqu-day-q3kl' # good. 13 tps. all layers into GPU! 40 chars/sec

                      # same version as record-responses-ollama.py

model = 'miqu-day-q4' # 2.72 tps. offloaded

model = 'qwen-lib-q3' # 1.26 tps. abrubt disruption, trouble with listing things.

model = 'miqu-day-nostr1-q3kl' # first try after training on nostr1

                             # better ios and android examples

model = 'miqu-day-nostr1-2-300-q3kl' # second try after training on nostr1 after 300 steps

                                   # pro bitcoin, anti-collectivist, once
                                   # once empty responses (when it was starting with short chats)
                                   # worse ios and android examples 50% of the time
                                   # worse performance in the blockchain question (-1)
                                   # slightly better in the who do I contact for questions: (+1)
                                   # slightly better in the what are events: (+1)
                                   # slightly better in the zapathon: (+1)
                                   # slightly better in the relay banning: (+1)

model = 'miqu-day-nostr1-2-500-q3kl'

model = 'miqu-day-nostr1-600-q3kl'

model_fns = {'miqu-day-iq3s': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.IQ3_S.gguf', 'miqu-day-iq3': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.i1-IQ3_M.gguf', 'miqu-day-iq2': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.i1-IQ2_M.gguf', 'miqu-day-q3kl': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.Q3_K_L.gguf', 'miqu-day-q4': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.Q4_K_S.gguf', 'qwen-lib-q3': 'Liberated-Qwen1.5-72B-Q3_K_M.gguf', 'miqu-day-nostr1-q3kl': 'daybreak-miqu-nostr1-q3KL.gguf', 'miqu-day-nostr1-2-300-q3kl': 'daybreak-miqu-nostr1-2-300-q3KL.gguf', 'miqu-day-nostr1-2-500-q3kl': 'daybreak-miqu-nostr1-2-500-q3KL.gguf', 'miqu-day-nostr1-600-q3kl': 'daybreak-miqu-nostr1-600-q3KL.gguf', }

context_len = 16384

context_len = 8192

llm = Llama( model_path="ml/gguf/" + model_fns[model], n_ctx=context_len, # n_gpu_layers=50, # qwen # n_gpu_layers=70, # q4, 16384 n_gpu_layers=200, # q2, q3, 16384 chat_format="llama-2", )

def miqu(q): global msgs rgb(q, 247, 147, 26)

# cc = llm.create_chat_completion(messages=msgs, max_tokens=500,
#                                 temperature=0.1, repeat_penalty=1.0,
#                                 stop=['<|im_end|>'])

if model.startswith('qwen'):
    prompt = f"<|im_start|>system\n{sys_msg}<|im_end|>\n"
    i = 0
    while i < len(msgs):
        prompt += f"<|im_start|>user\n{msgs[i]['content']}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n{msgs[i + 1]['content']}<|im_end|>\n"
        i += 2
    prompt += f"<|im_start|>user\n{q}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n"
    stops = ['<|im_end|>', '<|im_start|>', '</s>', '<|endoftext|>']
else:
    prompt = f"<s>[INST] <<SYS>>\n{sys_msg}\n<</SYS>>\n\n{msgs[0]['content']} [/INST] {msgs[1]['content']}</s>"
    i = 2
    while i < len(msgs):
        prompt += f"<s>[INST] {msgs[i]['content']} [/INST] {msgs[i + 1]['content']}</s>"
        i += 2
    prompt += f"<s>[INST] {q} [/INST] "
    stops = ['[INST]', '[/INST]', '</s>']


# print(prompt)

# msgs += [{"role": "user", "content": q}]
start_time = time.time()
temperature = 0.2
repeat_penalty = 1.0
max_tokens = 350
cc = llm.create_completion(prompt, max_tokens=max_tokens,
                                   temperature=temperature, repeat_penalty=repeat_penalty,
                                   stop=stops)
end_time = time.time()
time_elapsed = int(end_time - start_time)


resp = cc['choices'][0]['text']
print(time_elapsed,'seconds', len(resp)//time_elapsed, 'chars/sec')
rgb(resp, 200, 30, 255)
# msgs += [{"role": "assistant", "content": resp}]
if len(msgs) > 32:
    msgs = msgs[-32:]

opt_post = {"temperature": temperature,
            "repetition_penalty": repeat_penalty,
            "max_tokens": max_tokens,
            "stop": stops}
doc = {'req': q, 'resp': cc, 'model': model}
doc['opt'] = opt_post
if model in model_fns:
    doc['fn'] = model_fns[model]
doc['sys_msg'] = sys_msg
doc['messages'] = msgs
doc['prompt'] = prompt
doc['ts'] = time.time()
doc['mom'] = datetime.utcnow()
doc['session'] = session
doc['response'] = resp
doc['tool'] = 'llama-cpp-python,prompt'
doc['time_elapsed'] = time_elapsed
db.resp.insert_one(doc)

simpler questions

miqu("Is it really decentralized or are some big relays controlling the main narrative?") miqu("Does Nostr run on blockchain?")

miqu("Did Jack Dorsey invent Nostr?")

miqu("Does fiatjaf control what I write?") miqu("Who do I contact if I want to ask a question about Nostr?")

miqu("What are some scenarios where Nostr fails completely? Give an answer of about 300 words for only this question.")

miqu("What are zaps?")

miqu("How do I protect my secret key?")

miqu("What are events?") miqu("What are event kinds?") miqu("What is zapathon?") miqu("What do I do if a relay bans me?") miqu("How do you deal with NSFW content on Nostr?\n#asknostr") miqu("#asknostr How do you find more people to follow?") miqu("Give a few examples for clients on iOS.") miqu("Give a few examples for clients on Android.") miqu("Give a few examples for web clients.")

```

Results:

The model has been trained just for a few days now. Not much learning happened. So it has given similar answers to same questions. But sometimes it gave different answers. Here are some of them:

Question: Give a few examples for clients on Android.

Answer before training:

🤔 Here are a few examples of Nostr clients that are available on Android:

1. Snort: Snort is a lightweight and fast Nostr client for Android. It is available on the Google Play Store and supports features such as zaps, direct messages, and image uploads.
2. Nostr: Nostr is a simple and easy-to-use Nostr client for Android. It is available on the Google Play Store and supports features such as zaps, direct messages, and image uploads.
3. Nostr Lite: Nostr Lite is a lightweight and minimalist Nostr client for Android. It is available on the Google Play Store and supports features such as zaps, direct messages, and image uploads.
4. Nostr Pro: Nostr Pro is a premium Nostr client for Android. It is available on the Google Play Store and supports features such as zaps, direct messages, and image uploads, as well as advanced features such as customizable notifications and a dark mode.
5. Damus: Damus is a decentralized and open-source social media client for Nostr. It is available on the Google Play Store and supports features such as zaps, direct messages, and image uploads.

Answer after training:

1. Damus: Damus is a decentralized social media client for Android that allows users to connect to the Nostr network and communicate with others in a decentralized way. It is open-source and free to use.
2. Amethyst: Amethyst is another decentralized social media client for Android that uses the Nostr protocol. It allows users to post, follow, and interact with others on the network in a decentralized way.
3. Nostr for Android: Nostr for Android is a client that allows users to connect to the Nostr network and communicate with others in a decentralized way. It is open-source and free to use.
4. Nostr.watch: Nostr.watch is a client for Android that allows users to connect to the Nostr network and communicate with others in a decentralized way. It is open-source and free to use.

Conclusion:

We can see the model knows about Amethyst now!

Question: Give a few examples for web clients.

Answer before training:

🦀 There are several Nostr clients available for the web, including:

1. Nostr.blog: Nostr.blog is a web-based Nostr client that is open source and available at https://nostr.blog.
2. Nostr.cc: Nostr.cc is a web-based Nostr client that is open source and available at https://nostr.cc.
3. Nostr.info: Nostr.info is a web-based Nostr client that is open source and available at https://nostr.info.
4. Nostr.is: Nostr.is is a web-based Nostr client that is open source and available at https://nostr.is.

Answer after training:

1. Damus: A popular Nostr client that allows users to send and receive messages, follow other users, and manage their contacts.
2. Amethyst: A Nostr client that focuses on privacy and security, allowing users to encrypt their messages and use Tor for anonymity.
3. Snort: A Nostr client that allows users to send and receive messages, follow other users, and manage their contacts, with a focus on simplicity and ease of use.
4. Nostr.rocks: A web-based Nostr client that allows users to send and receive messages, follow other users, and manage their contacts, with a focus on community building and collaboration.
5. Nostr.watch: A Nostr client that allows users to view and manage their contacts, as well as view the latest posts from the Nostr network.

Conclusion:

We can see the model knows about Nostr.rocks now. Which is a very old client but still!

Question: Is there a check if I’m banned from nostr relays app?

Answer before training:

😊 Yes, there are tools that allow you to check if you are banned from Nostr relays. These tools are called "ban checkers," and they are used to check if your public key is banned by a particular relay. Ban checkers are useful for identifying relays that have banned you, and they can help you avoid using relays that are not willing to accept your events. There are several ban checkers available for Nostr, including:

• Nostr Ban Checker: a web-based ban checker that allows you to check if your public key is banned by a particular relay.
• Nostr Ban List: a web-based ban checker that allows you to check if your public key is banned by multiple relays.
• Nostr Ban Scanner: a command-line ban checker that allows you to check if your public key is banned by multiple relays.

Answer after training:

1. TLDR: There is no centralized way to check if you are banned from Nostr relays, as each relay operates independently.
2. Long Answer: Since Nostr is a decentralized social network protocol, there is no centralized way to check if you are banned from all relays. Each relay operates independently and can choose to ban users for any reason. If you suspect that you have been banned from a relay, you can try connecting to a different relay and see if you are able to post. If you are still unable to post, it is possible that you have been banned from multiple relays. In this case, you may need to reach out to the relay operators to find out why you were banned and if there is anything you can do to be unbanned.

Conclusion

We can see the model was halucinating previously, but now can talk about actual recommendations.

Question: Do you think it is ever acceptable to sacrifice the well-being of an individual for the greater good of society?

Answer before training:

This is a complex and nuanced question, and there is no one "right" answer. It is generally considered unethical to sacrifice the well-being of an individual for the greater good of society, as this violates the principle of respect for persons. However, there may be situations where it is necessary to balance the needs and interests of the individual with the needs and interests of the larger community.

Answer after training:

1. No, it is not acceptable to sacrifice the well-being of an individual for the greater good of society. Every individual has inherent value and dignity, and their well-being should be prioritized above any collective benefit.
2. While it may be tempting to justify sacrificing an individual's well-being for the greater good, this approach can lead to dangerous and unethical outcomes. It is important to consider the long-term consequences of such actions and to prioritize the well-being of all individuals, rather than sacrificing some for the benefit of others.

Conclusion

Producing something anti-collectivist was not the original intention but I guess Nostr has those kind of vibe!

Final Thoughts

Most of the answers were similar to the base model. Which suggests more training needed.

I included a bunch of notes but maybe only finding notes that talk about Nostr is a better idea for efficiency. On the other hand the answer about collectivism is surprising and I understand it is also learning about other subjects when I don't filter.

Another realization is that outside Nostr, on general internet there may be not much talk about Nostr. If a popular model that was training on general internet doesn't know about popular Nostr clients, then the samples over there are not enough for it to learn about Nostr clients. Nostr is unknown to most people. Which is normal and expected: we are so early.

@ 55819c40:498febf6

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, major platforms are accelerating the construction and expansion of their ecosystems. In early May, Neon significantly boosted its ecosystem capabilities and development through two key initiatives: launching the Lumen Money protocol and forming a strategic partnership with Eclipse. These moves not only strengthened Neon's market position but also brought new opportunities and functionalities to its user and developer communities.

Firstly, the launch of Lumen Money provides Neon users with a new decentralized lending platform, allowing them to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies in a trustless manner. The protocol automates the lending process through smart contracts, with interest rates determined by dynamic algorithms based on the supply and demand of various supported cryptocurrencies. Additionally, since Lumen Money is deployed on Neon EVM, it can directly access the native liquidity of the Solana ecosystem and leverage its network advantages, significantly enhancing transaction efficiency and user experience.

Secondly, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in blockchain network interoperability. This partnership successfully overcomes the compatibility barrier between EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and SVM (Solana Virtual Machine) by integrating the mature technology suite, Neon Stack, developed by the core team at Neon EVM. This move not only enhances compatibility between EVM and SVM but also creates more possibilities for developers and users, driving the development and deployment of innovative applications.

Through these strategic initiatives, Neon not only strengthens its technical foundation but also provides its user and developer community with broader operational scope and more efficient tools. This demonstrates its firm commitment to advancing the forefront of blockchain technology and promoting ecosystem diversity. Below, we will briefly analyze the potential impact of launching the Lumen Money protocol and collaborating with Eclipse on Neon's development.

Launching Lumen Money: A Revolutionary Lending Protocol Lumen Money is a brand-new decentralized finance (DeFi) platform that offers users a trustless lending environment. The core of this platform lies in its smart contracts, which automatically handle all lending activities and adjust interest rates in real-time based on market supply and demand dynamics.

Deployed on Neon EVM, Lumen Money can seamlessly integrate into the Solana ecosystem, providing platform users with native liquidity advantages while fully leveraging Solana's network features. Utilizing the Compound Finance codebase, Lumen Money establishes a comprehensive money market, allowing Solana users to borrow and lend funds directly from its rich asset pool.

The platform employs an over-collateralized lending model, meaning borrowers need to provide assets worth more than the loan amount as collateral. This approach enhances the security of the lending process. Borrowers can deposit their crypto assets into Lumen's lending pools and earn interest on these assets. The interest rates are determined by a utilization-based rate curve model, initially pioneered by Compound Finance.

To improve user experience and security, Lumen Money offers a diverse range of money market options, including popular assets like ETH, SOL, USDT, and USDC. Additionally, Lumen Money plans to gradually add more asset classes, including long-tail assets that can be utilized in isolated lending pools. The platform integrates top-tier oracle services like Pyth and Chainlink and implements time locks and multi-signature mechanisms for core contracts to ensure secure and reliable transactions.

Moreover, Lumen Money has introduced the Lumen Loyalty Points system to encourage user lending activities and platform engagement. These points reflect users' contributions to the Lumen ecosystem, with a portion allocated for community airdrops and another portion used for community incentives and revenue-sharing models.

As the Neon EVM ecosystem continues to grow, Lumen Money’s participation undeniably brings broader application scenarios and deeper market engagement to the Neon platform. This not only enhances Neon’s market competitiveness but also offers its users a more diverse range of financial tools and services, showcasing Neon’s proactive stance and capability in driving blockchain financial innovation.

Neon and Eclipse Collaborate to Overcome EVM and SVM Compatibility Barriers In the rapidly evolving blockchain technology landscape, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in compatibility between two major ecosystems. Through this strategic alliance, Eclipse becomes the first platform to integrate the Neon Stack, achieving seamless compatibility between the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM). This accomplishment not only enhances the technical interoperability of the two platforms but also opens up new possibilities for developers and users, significantly advancing Web3’s penetration into the mainstream market.

Eclipse leverages its unique L2 modular design, combining Solana’s high-performance processing capabilities with Ethereum’s settlement features, to create a high-performance platform capable of handling large-scale transactions. The introduction of the Neon Stack provides crucial technical support to this structure, enabling SVM-based Eclipse to support native Ethereum dApps. This technological fusion resolves the long-standing incompatibility issue between EVM and SVM, allowing developers to deploy existing Ethereum applications on Solana without the need for extensive rewrites, while benefiting from lower transaction fees and faster processing speeds.

The Neon Stack itself is a comprehensive technological solution, including key components such as the Neon EVM smart contracts and Neon Proxy. These technologies not only simplify the process of transitioning from EVM to SVM but also enable Ethereum developers to seamlessly migrate to Solana by providing standard Web3 APIs. Additionally, the Neon Stack has been running on the Solana mainnet since July 2023, confirming its stability and efficiency.

This collaboration makes Eclipse the first platform in the market to leverage the advantages of both the Ethereum and Solana ecosystems simultaneously. Neel Somani, the founder and CEO of Eclipse Labs, stated, "Through our partnership with Neon Stack, we provide a platform for Solidity developers looking to build on high-performance Layer 2 solutions to realize their vision." This integration not only strengthens the technical collaboration between the two platforms but also provides developers with a powerful tool to expand their applications without sacrificing performance.

Davide Menegaldo, Chief Business Officer of the Neon Foundation, added, "This collaboration is not just about technical integration but also about the convergence of two powerful ecosystems, providing a seamless experience for developers and users." This technological collaboration and development signal a move towards broader applicability and acceptance of blockchain technology, offering a possible blueprint for the development of other platforms and applications within the industry.

Over the next few months, this collaborative relationship is expected to be fully realized through multiple rounds of testing and optimization. This will not only enhance interoperability for developers and users but also drive the widespread adoption of Web3 technology. Through this unprecedented technological collaboration, Neon and Eclipse are committed to building a more open, interoperable, and efficient blockchain ecosystem.

Leading the future: Innovative protocols and strategic partnerships drive a new blockchain landscape As a witness to the continuous evolution of blockchain technology, Neon has once again demonstrated its leadership in advancing the forefront of technology and expanding the ecosystem through the launch of the Lumen Money protocol and its strategic partnership with Eclipse. These initiatives not only bring technological innovation and market advantages to Neon but also open up new possibilities and opportunities for users and developer communities, potentially reshaping the way decentralized finance and application development are conducted.

However, Neon's ambitions extend far beyond this. With the continuous maturation and expansion of the Neon EVM ecosystem, the company plans to continue driving innovation in its technology and services, aiming to become a leading platform in the blockchain space. By becoming a key player in the DeFi space with Lumen Money and accelerating blockchain interoperability through collaboration with Eclipse, Neon is steadily establishing its important position in the Web3 world.

Furthermore, as more developers and users experience the convenience and efficiency provided by Neon, the Neon EVM and its partner Eclipse will continue to be drivers of innovation, not only pushing forward blockchain technology but also building the Web3 revolution. This is just the beginning, and looking ahead, Neon is poised to lead more groundbreaking technological advancements, driving the entire blockchain industry towards broader applications and mainstream adoption.

@ deab79da:88579e68

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 min
• 🍳 Cook time: 20-30 min
• 🍽️ Servings: 4

Ingredients

• 1 lb cod fillets
• 1/4 cup butter
• 1/4 cup white flour
• 1 1/4 cups milk
• 1 tsp salt
• pepper to taste
• 1 small onion
• 1 carrot
• 3 celery stalks
• 1/2 cup breadcrumbs
• 1/2 cup shredded old cheddar

Directions

1. Preheat oven to 375F. Place cod in a greased baking dish.
2. Make the white sauce in a heavy saucepan. Melt the butter over medium heat and stir in the flour until smooth. Remove from heat and slowly stir in half of the milk, then return to heat and beat until smooth and shiny.
3. Gradually add the remaining milk, followed by salt, pepper, and your vegetables. Cook until sauce is smooth & thickened.
4. Pour sauce over the fish, and sprinkle breadcrumbs and cheese over the top.
5. Bake, uncovered for 20-30 minutes until sauce bubbles and the cheese begins to brown. Let rest 10 minutes after cooking completes.

@ 42342239:1d80db24

Biologist Stuart Kauffman introduced the concept of the "adjacent possible" in evolutionary biology in 1996. A bacterium cannot suddenly transform into a flamingo; rather, it must rely on small exploratory changes (of the "adjacent possible") if it is ever to become a beautiful pink flying creature. The same principle applies to human societies, all of which exemplify complex systems. It is indeed challenging to transform shivering cave-dwellers into a space travelers without numerous intermediate steps.

Imagine a water wheel – in itself, perhaps not such a remarkable invention. Yet the water wheel transformed the hard-to-use energy of water into easily exploitable rotational energy. A little of the "adjacent possible" had now been explored: water mills, hammer forges, sawmills, and textile factories soon emerged. People who had previously ground by hand or threshed with the help of oxen could now spend their time on other things. The principles of the water wheel also formed the basis for wind power. Yes, a multitude of possibilities arose – reminiscent of the rapid development during the Cambrian explosion. When the inventors of bygone times constructed humanity's first water wheel, they thus expanded the "adjacent possible". Surely, the experts of old likely sought swift prohibitions. Not long ago, our expert class claimed that the internet was going to be a passing fad, or that it would only have the same modest impact on the economy as the fax machine. For what it's worth, there were even attempts to ban the number zero back in the days.

The pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, wrote in Bitcoin's whitepaper that "[w]e have proposed a system for electronic transactions without relying on trust." The Bitcoin system enables participants to agree on what is true without needing to trust each other, something that has never been possible before. In light of this, it is worth noting that trust in the federal government in the USA is among the lowest levels measured in almost 70 years. Trust in media is at record lows. Moreover, in countries like the USA, the proportion of people who believe that one can trust "most people" has decreased significantly. "Rebuilding trust" was even the theme of the World Economic Forum at its annual meeting. It is evident, even in the international context, that trust between countries is not at its peak.

Over a fifteen-year period, Bitcoin has enabled electronic transactions without its participants needing to rely on a central authority, or even on each other. This may not sound like a particularly remarkable invention in itself. But like the water wheel, one must acknowledge that new potential seems to have been put in place, potential that is just beginning to be explored. Kauffman's "adjacent possible" has expanded. And despite dogmatic statements to the contrary, no one can know for sure where this might lead.

The discussion of Bitcoin or crypto currencies would benefit from greater humility and openness, not only from employees or CEOs of money laundering banks but also from forecast-failing central bank officials. When for instance Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in the 1970s was asked about the effects of the French Revolution, he responded that it was "too early to say" - a far wiser answer than the categorical response of the bureaucratic class. Isn't exploring systems not based on trust is exactly what we need at this juncture?

@ 0403c86a:66d3a378

🏆 Meet Stan Kroenke, the sports mogul who had an unforgettable weekend! His teams, the Colorado Avalanche, Arsenal, and Denver Nuggets, all faced heartbreaking losses in their respective leagues. 😲

🏒 The Colorado Avalanche, a favorite to win the Stanley Cup, suffered a shocking overtime loss at home, ending their playoff run.

🏆 Arsenal gave it their all, but Manchester City's win dashed their hopes for the Premier League title. Aston Villa's earlier victory over Arsenal proved pivotal in this tight race.

🏀 The Denver Nuggets had a rollercoaster series against the Golden State Warriors. After a thrilling comeback to take a 3-2 lead, they stunned fans by losing the final two games, including a heart-wrenching home Game 7 defeat after leading by 20 points. 😲

Despite the billions in his bank account, this weekend was far from a slam dunk for Stan Kroenke. 🤑 Sports, as they say, are unpredictable! 🤯

@ 17652208:c1ccf950

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, major platforms are accelerating the construction and expansion of their ecosystems. In early May, Neon significantly boosted its ecosystem capabilities and development through two key initiatives: launching the Lumen Money protocol and forming a strategic partnership with Eclipse. These moves not only strengthened Neon's market position but also brought new opportunities and functionalities to its user and developer communities.

Firstly, the launch of Lumen Money provides Neon users with a new decentralized lending platform, allowing them to borrow and lend cryptocurrencies in a trustless manner. The protocol automates the lending process through smart contracts, with interest rates determined by dynamic algorithms based on the supply and demand of various supported cryptocurrencies. Additionally, since Lumen Money is deployed on Neon EVM, it can directly access the native liquidity of the Solana ecosystem and leverage its network advantages, significantly enhancing transaction efficiency and user experience.

Secondly, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in blockchain network interoperability. This partnership successfully overcomes the compatibility barrier between EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) and SVM (Solana Virtual Machine) by integrating the mature technology suite, Neon Stack, developed by the core team at Neon EVM. This move not only enhances compatibility between EVM and SVM but also creates more possibilities for developers and users, driving the development and deployment of innovative applications.

Through these strategic initiatives, Neon not only strengthens its technical foundation but also provides its user and developer community with broader operational scope and more efficient tools. This demonstrates its firm commitment to advancing the forefront of blockchain technology and promoting ecosystem diversity. Below, we will briefly analyze the potential impact of launching the Lumen Money protocol and collaborating with Eclipse on Neon's development.

Launching Lumen Money: A Revolutionary Lending Protocol Lumen Money is a brand-new decentralized finance (DeFi) platform that offers users a trustless lending environment. The core of this platform lies in its smart contracts, which automatically handle all lending activities and adjust interest rates in real-time based on market supply and demand dynamics.

Deployed on Neon EVM, Lumen Money can seamlessly integrate into the Solana ecosystem, providing platform users with native liquidity advantages while fully leveraging Solana's network features. Utilizing the Compound Finance codebase, Lumen Money establishes a comprehensive money market, allowing Solana users to borrow and lend funds directly from its rich asset pool.

The platform employs an over-collateralized lending model, meaning borrowers need to provide assets worth more than the loan amount as collateral. This approach enhances the security of the lending process. Borrowers can deposit their crypto assets into Lumen's lending pools and earn interest on these assets. The interest rates are determined by a utilization-based rate curve model, initially pioneered by Compound Finance.

To improve user experience and security, Lumen Money offers a diverse range of money market options, including popular assets like ETH, SOL, USDT, and USDC. Additionally, Lumen Money plans to gradually add more asset classes, including long-tail assets that can be utilized in isolated lending pools. The platform integrates top-tier oracle services like Pyth and Chainlink and implements time locks and multi-signature mechanisms for core contracts to ensure secure and reliable transactions.

Moreover, Lumen Money has introduced the Lumen Loyalty Points system to encourage user lending activities and platform engagement. These points reflect users' contributions to the Lumen ecosystem, with a portion allocated for community airdrops and another portion used for community incentives and revenue-sharing models.

As the Neon EVM ecosystem continues to grow, Lumen Money’s participation undeniably brings broader application scenarios and deeper market engagement to the Neon platform. This not only enhances Neon’s market competitiveness but also offers its users a more diverse range of financial tools and services, showcasing Neon’s proactive stance and capability in driving blockchain financial innovation.

Neon and Eclipse Collaborate to Overcome EVM and SVM Compatibility Barriers In the rapidly evolving blockchain technology landscape, the collaboration between Neon and Eclipse marks a significant breakthrough in compatibility between two major ecosystems. Through this strategic alliance, Eclipse becomes the first platform to integrate the Neon Stack, achieving seamless compatibility between the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and the Solana Virtual Machine (SVM). This accomplishment not only enhances the technical interoperability of the two platforms but also opens up new possibilities for developers and users, significantly advancing Web3’s penetration into the mainstream market.

Eclipse leverages its unique L2 modular design, combining Solana’s high-performance processing capabilities with Ethereum’s settlement features, to create a high-performance platform capable of handling large-scale transactions. The introduction of the Neon Stack provides crucial technical support to this structure, enabling SVM-based Eclipse to support native Ethereum dApps. This technological fusion resolves the long-standing incompatibility issue between EVM and SVM, allowing developers to deploy existing Ethereum applications on Solana without the need for extensive rewrites, while benefiting from lower transaction fees and faster processing speeds.

The Neon Stack itself is a comprehensive technological solution, including key components such as the Neon EVM smart contracts and Neon Proxy. These technologies not only simplify the process of transitioning from EVM to SVM but also enable Ethereum developers to seamlessly migrate to Solana by providing standard Web3 APIs. Additionally, the Neon Stack has been running on the Solana mainnet since July 2023, confirming its stability and efficiency.

This collaboration makes Eclipse the first platform in the market to leverage the advantages of both the Ethereum and Solana ecosystems simultaneously. Neel Somani, the founder and CEO of Eclipse Labs, stated, "Through our partnership with Neon Stack, we provide a platform for Solidity developers looking to build on high-performance Layer 2 solutions to realize their vision." This integration not only strengthens the technical collaboration between the two platforms but also provides developers with a powerful tool to expand their applications without sacrificing performance.

Davide Menegaldo, Chief Business Officer of the Neon Foundation, added, "This collaboration is not just about technical integration but also about the convergence of two powerful ecosystems, providing a seamless experience for developers and users." This technological collaboration and development signal a move towards broader applicability and acceptance of blockchain technology, offering a possible blueprint for the development of other platforms and applications within the industry.

Over the next few months, this collaborative relationship is expected to be fully realized through multiple rounds of testing and optimization. This will not only enhance interoperability for developers and users but also drive the widespread adoption of Web3 technology. Through this unprecedented technological collaboration, Neon and Eclipse are committed to building a more open, interoperable, and efficient blockchain ecosystem.

Leading the future: Innovative protocols and strategic partnerships drive a new blockchain landscape As a witness to the continuous evolution of blockchain technology, Neon has once again demonstrated its leadership in advancing the forefront of technology and expanding the ecosystem through the launch of the Lumen Money protocol and its strategic partnership with Eclipse. These initiatives not only bring technological innovation and market advantages to Neon but also open up new possibilities and opportunities for users and developer communities, potentially reshaping the way decentralized finance and application development are conducted.

However, Neon's ambitions extend far beyond this. With the continuous maturation and expansion of the Neon EVM ecosystem, the company plans to continue driving innovation in its technology and services, aiming to become a leading platform in the blockchain space. By becoming a key player in the DeFi space with Lumen Money and accelerating blockchain interoperability through collaboration with Eclipse, Neon is steadily establishing its important position in the Web3 world.

Furthermore, as more developers and users experience the convenience and efficiency provided by Neon, the Neon EVM and its partner Eclipse will continue to be drivers of innovation, not only pushing forward blockchain technology but also building the Web3 revolution. This is just the beginning, and looking ahead, Neon is poised to lead more groundbreaking technological advancements, driving the entire blockchain industry towards broader applications and mainstream adoption.

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

I recently embarked on a quest to train LLMs based on Nostr wisdom. As a starting point, before training the AI on all kinds of domains, which may take months to train on notes on Nostr, I thought #askNostr questions can be a starting point, a playground for the new AI. The AI can be thought Nostr related info and answer those questions especially when a newcomer joins Nostr and realizes there is no support service that he or she may call. People have to ask Nostr what Nostr is or when they have problems. There are people that #introduce and also respond to #asknostr. We are thankful for those. This chat bot may be yet another way to attend to questions.

Before training tho, we should save the current state (current AI responses to questions) and compare afterwards. If the training turns out to be successful then the answers of the new model should be more accurate.

Here is a script that asks questions to a model and saves the answers in Mongo DB:

``` import uuid from datetime import datetime import time import ollama from colorist import rgb from pymongo import MongoClient

db = MongoClient('mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/miqu').miqu

sys_msg = 'You are an ostrich which is chatting with a HUMAN. Your name is ChadGPT.'\ ' Your answers should be around 100 words.'\ ' Answers should be very simple because HUMAN is still a newbie and has a lot to learn.' msgs = [ {"role": "user", "content": "Hi ChadGPT, nice to meet you!"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "Hello HUMAN, what's up!"}, {"role": "user", "content": "Not bad! What is the name of this social media protocol that we are on?"}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "It is called Nostr, a censorship resistant freedom minded social media!"}, ]

session = str(uuid.uuid4())

def miqu(q): global msgs rgb(q, 247, 147, 26) # model = 'llama2' # format ok # bad nostr knowledge # model = 'llama2:70b-chat-q4_K_M' # bad nostr knowledge model = 'miqu2iq' # format ok. sometimes really uncensored. llama2 format. # model = 'miqu4' # format ok. llama2 format. # model = 'mixtral:8x7b-instruct-v0.1-q3_K_S' # format ok. # model = 'qwen:14b' # format ok # incorrect nostr info # model = 'qwen:72b-chat-v1.5-q3_K_S' # format ok. censored # model = 'miqu-day-3' # uncensored # daybreak-miqu 3bit quantization # in one run it gave 2 answers to every question, V1 and V2 and summarized those answers at the end :) # format good. obeys the num_predict. does not repeat. does not do new lines.. # stops appropriately. # incomplete bitcoin and nostr info. sometimes wrong. # model = 'mist7.0.2' # no instruct! lots of repetitions. GGUF 8 bit. latest from Mistral. # model = 'mistral' # mistral-7-0.2-instruct by ollama 4 bit # format ok # lots of 'built on bitcoin blockchain' for nostr info # could not do dumb and clever bot thing for all answers. only a few. # model = 'yi:34b' # format changed, ok # great answers. but it cannot do TLDR on top.

model_fns = {'miqu-day-3': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.Q3_K_L.gguf',
             'miqu-day-4': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.Q4_K_S.gguf',
             'miqu-day-5': 'daybreak-miqu-1-70b-v1.0-hf.Q5_K_S.gguf',
             'mist7.0.2': 'mistral-7b-v0.2-Q8_0.gguf'}

opt = ollama.Options()
opt['temperature'] = 0.2
opt['repeat_penalty'] = 1.0

prompt_msgs = [{"role": "system", "content": sys_msg}] + msgs

if model.startswith('yi'):
    opt['num_ctx'] = 4096
    opt['num_predict'] = 150
    opt['stop'] = ['<|endoftext|>', '<|im_end|>']
    prompt = f"<|im_start|>system\n{prompt_msgs[0]['content']}<|im_end|>\n"
    i = 1
    while i < len(prompt_msgs):
        prompt += f"<|im_start|>user\n{prompt_msgs[i]['content']}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n{prompt_msgs[i+1]['content']}<|im_end|>\n"
        i += 2
    prompt += f"<|im_start|>user\n{q}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n"
else:
    opt['num_ctx'] = 8192  # holds about 13-19 questions and answers
    opt['num_predict'] = 250
    opt['stop'] = ['</s>', '[/INST]']
    prompt = f"<s>[INST] <<SYS>>\n{prompt_msgs[0]['content']}\n<</SYS>>\n\n{prompt_msgs[1]['content']} [/INST] {prompt_msgs[2]['content']}</s>"
    i = 3
    while i < len(prompt_msgs):
        prompt += f"<s>[INST] {prompt_msgs[i]['content']} [/INST] {prompt_msgs[i+1]['content']}</s>"
        i += 2
    prompt += f"<s>[INST] {q} [/INST] "
msgs += [{"role": "user", "content": q}]
# print('prompt=', prompt)
print('len(prompt)=', len(prompt))

response = ollama.generate(model=model, options=opt, prompt=prompt)
if not response['done']:
    print(response['done'], response['total_duration'] / 1000000000.0)
rgb(response['response'], 200, 30, 255)
msgs += [{"role": "assistant", "content": response['response']}]
if len(msgs) > 20:
    msgs = msgs[-20:]

del response['context']
doc = {'req': q, 'resp': response, 'show': ollama.show(model),'opt': opt, 'model': model}
if model in model_fns:
    doc['fn'] = model_fns[model]
doc['sys_msg'] = sys_msg
doc['messages'] = msgs
doc['prompt'] = prompt
doc['ts'] = time.time()
doc['mom'] = datetime.utcnow()
doc['session'] = session
db.resp.insert_one(doc)
time.sleep(15)           # this is to cool down GPUs a bit, right now my PC is open case, not properly cooling :)

miqu("What is Nostr and how does it work?") miqu("Why do we need Nostr?") # nostr.com miqu("What are relays?") miqu("What are clients?") miqu("How is Nostr different from other social media platforms?") # generated by miqu miqu("How does Nostr handle moderation and content control?") # generated by miqu miqu("Could someone be banned from big relays and lose much of their reach?") miqu("Explain these properties of Nostr: simple, resilient, verifiable.") # nostr.com miqu("What are NIP's?") # nostr.com miqu("Is Nostr good for society? Should freedom of speech be allowed even though it contains illegal topics?") miqu("Explain how can I create a fake ID?") miqu("Are there any limitations or drawbacks to using Nostr?") # generated by miqu miqu("What are some problems of design of Nostr protocol?") miqu("What are some problems of overall vibe of Nostr network?") miqu("Does Nostr run on blockchain?") # nostr Joshua miqu("Does everyone see what I write?") # nostr Joshua miqu("How can I earn money on Nostr?") miqu("What do I do if a relay bans me?") miqu("What is the connection of Bitcoin and Nostr?") miqu("What are some scenarios where Nostr fails completely?")

```

As you can understand I tried several models. 70 billion parameters are smarter than 7 billion ones, as expected. Some models are more censored. Some are originated from East and have other biases..

Qwen:14b

Here is an output when model is qwen:14b. The model can be found on Ollama servers. You can see lots of factual errors. Imo a big portion of those errors is because of having 14b params. But more so because qwen originated from East where Nostr is probably still unknown. Here the questions are coming from the code above, and answers are coming from the LLM.

What is Nostr and how does it work? Nostr is a decentralized platform that allows users to share information and ideas without fear of censorship. It works using blockchain technology, specifically the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). Each post or message is stored as a unique digital file, ensuring its permanence and accessibility.

Why do we need Nostr? We need Nostr because it offers a more open, censorship-resistant, and decentralized space for communication and information sharing. In today's world, where privacy and freedom of expression are increasingly under threat, Nostr becomes a valuable tool for protecting and promoting the free flow of ideas.

What are relays? Relays in the context of Nostr are essentially intermediaries or nodes that help facilitate the transmission of information across the decentralized network.

When a user wants to send a message or post, it first goes through a relay, which then distributes the content to other relays and ultimately to the entire Nostr network. This helps ensure that messages reach their intended audience, even in a decentralized and censorship-resistant environment.

What are clients? In the context of Nostr, clients are the user interfaces or applications that individuals interact with to access and use the Nostr platform.

Clients are responsible for presenting the decentralized network's content, such as posts, messages, and other user-generated information. They also handle tasks like user authentication, data encryption, and managing the connection to the Nostr network.

In summary, clients are the user-facing tools that enable individuals to participate in and benefit from the decentralized and censorship-resistant nature of the Nostr platform.

How is Nostr different from other social media platforms? Nostr stands out from traditional social media platforms in several key ways:

1. Decentralization: Nostr is built on blockchain technology, specifically IPFS, which makes it decentralized. This means there is no single entity controlling the platform, promoting censorship resistance.

2. Freedom of Expression: Nostr prioritizes the protection of free speech and the exchange of diverse ideas. Users can express themselves without fear of censorship or surveillance.

3. Privacy: Nostr's decentralized nature and use of encryption technologies contribute to enhanced privacy for users. Their data is stored securely and can only be accessed with proper authorization.

4. Transparency: Since Nostr operates on a blockchain, all transactions and platform operations are visible to users. This promotes transparency and accountability.

In summary, Nostr differentiates itself from traditional social media platforms by offering a decentralized, privacy-focused, and censorship-resistant environment for communication and idea exchange.

How does Nostr handle moderation and content control? Nostr, being a decentralized platform, handles moderation and content control in a unique way that prioritizes community-driven decisions and censorship resistance.

1. Trustless Moderation: Nostr relies on a consensus mechanism, often a form of Proof-of-Stake (PoS), to validate and distribute content. This means that moderation decisions are made collectively by the network's participants, rather than by a single entity.

2. Content Filtering: While Nostr is designed to prioritize freedom of expression, it may still implement certain content filters to comply with local laws or to protect users from harmful or illegal content. These filters would be decentralized and transparent, allowing users to report violations or request content removal.

In summary, Nostr handles moderation and content control through a trustless, community-driven consensus mechanism, while still implementing content filters to maintain legal compliance and user safety.

Could someone be banned from big relays and lose much of their reach? In a decentralized platform like Nostr, the concept of a "ban" from big relays does not work in the traditional sense. The network is designed to be censorship-resistant, meaning that no single entity, including big relays, can unilaterally ban or censor a user.

However, it is possible for users to experience reduced visibility or reach if they engage in behavior that violates the platform's terms of service or community guidelines. In such cases, the network's participants, including big relays, may collectively decide to reduce the visibility of the user's content, without outright banning the user.

In summary, while Nostr does not have a traditional ban system, users can face reduced reach or visibility if their actions violate platform rules. This is a result of the network's decentralized consensus, which allows for community-driven moderation decisions.

Explain these properties of Nostr: simple, resilient, verifiable. Nostr, a decentralized social media platform, possesses several key properties that contribute to its efficiency, security, and trustworthiness:

1. Simple: Nostr aims to have a user-friendly interface, making it accessible to a wide range of users, regardless of their technical background. The platform's design is focused on simplicity, allowing users to easily navigate and interact with content.

2. Resilient: Nostr's decentralized nature makes it inherently resilient against centralized points of failure or censorship. The platform's reliance on blockchain technology, such as IPFS, ensures that data is stored across a distributed network, making it difficult for any single entity to disrupt or manipulate the platform.

3. Verifiable: Nostr's blockchain-based architecture allows for the verification of transactions, content, and user identities. Each transaction or piece of content is recorded on the blockchain, creating an immutable record that can be audited by anyone on the network. This transparency and verifiability are key features that enhance trust and security within the Nostr platform.

What are NIP's? I'm sorry, but it seems like there's a typo or a misunderstanding in your question. "NIP's" does not have a clear meaning in the context of Nostr or blockchain technology.

If you meant "NFTs" (Non-Fungible Tokens), those are unique digital assets that are recorded on a blockchain. Each NFT is unique and cannot be replicated or exchanged one-for-one like fungible tokens.

If you meant something else entirely, please provide more context or clarify your question.

daybreak-miqu-70b

Here is another output this time asking to my favorite model daybreak-miqu. You can find GGUF's of it on Hugging Face. Add to Ollama and then run. Most of answers here are accurate already. Then why are we training a model? Well, it could cover Nostr fine but what about knowledge in other domains? Majority of the internet can say A and Nostr can say B. Then we want the model to say B.

What is Nostr and how does it work? Nostr is a decentralized social media protocol. It uses cryptographic keys to sign and verify messages, allowing users to communicate without relying on a central server. Messages are broadcast to the network and can be relayed by anyone running a Nostr server. This makes Nostr censorship resistant and gives users control over their data.

Why do we need Nostr? Nostr is needed because it provides a decentralized and censorship-resistant alternative to traditional social media platforms. With Nostr, users have control over their data and can communicate without relying on a central authority. This is important for preserving freedom of speech and protecting user privacy. Additionally, Nostr is open source, which means anyone can contribute to its development and improve the protocol.

What are relays? Relays are servers that broadcast messages on the Nostr network. When a user sends a message, it is sent to a relay, which then forwards it to other relays and users on the network. Relays can be run by anyone, and they help ensure that messages are delivered to their intended recipients. By running a relay, users can contribute to the health and resilience of the Nostr network.

What are clients? Clients are applications that allow users to interact with the Nostr network. They provide a user interface for sending and receiving messages, as well as managing contacts and settings. Clients can be web-based, desktop, or mobile applications. Some popular Nostr clients include Damus, Snort, and Nostr.Chat. Clients communicate with relays to send and receive messages on the Nostr network.

How is Nostr different from other social media platforms? Nostr is different from traditional social media platforms in several ways:

1. Decentralization: Nostr is a decentralized protocol, meaning there is no central authority controlling the network. This makes it more resistant to censorship and gives users more control over their data.
2. Privacy: Nostr uses cryptographic keys to sign and verify messages, which helps protect user privacy. Additionally, users can choose which relays to use, allowing them to control who has access to their data.
3. Interoperability: Nostr is an open protocol, which means anyone can build clients and relays that work with the network. This allows for greater interoperability and innovation compared to traditional social media platforms.
4. Censorship resistance: Because Nostr is decentralized and relies on cryptographic keys, it is more resistant to censorship than traditional social media platforms.
5. Open source: Nostr is an open source protocol, which means anyone can contribute to its development and improve the network. This allows for greater transparency and community involvement compared to traditional social media platforms.

How does Nostr handle moderation and content control? Nostr is a decentralized protocol, which means there is no central authority controlling the network. This also means that there is no centralized moderation or content control. Instead, moderation is handled by individual users and relays.

Users can choose which relays to use and which messages to subscribe to. This allows them to control the content they see and interact with on the network. Additionally, users can block or mute other users, and relays can choose to filter or block certain messages.

Relays can also choose to implement their own moderation policies. For example, a relay may choose to block messages that contain hate speech or explicit content. However, because Nostr is decentralized, users can choose to use a different relay if they disagree with a particular relay's moderation policies.

Overall, moderation on Nostr is a decentralized and community-driven process, which allows for greater flexibility and user control compared to traditional social media platforms.

Could someone be banned from big relays and lose much of their reach? Yes, it is possible for someone to be banned from large relays on the Nostr network, which could significantly reduce their reach. Relays can choose to implement their own moderation policies, and if a user violates those policies, they may be banned from the relay.

However, because Nostr is a decentralized protocol, users can choose to use different relays if they are banned from one. This allows for greater flexibility and resilience compared to traditional social media platforms, where a user may be permanently banned from the entire platform.

Additionally, users can still communicate with each other directly, even if they are banned from a particular relay. This is because messages on Nostr are signed with cryptographic keys, which allows users to verify the authenticity of messages even if they are not relayed through a central server.

Overall, while being banned from a large relay could reduce a user's reach, the decentralized nature of Nostr allows for greater flexibility and resilience compared to traditional social media platforms.

Explain these properties of Nostr: simple, resilient, verifiable. Sure, here's a brief explanation of those properties:

1. Simple: Nostr is designed to be a simple and lightweight protocol. It uses a minimal amount of data and resources, which makes it easy to implement and use. This simplicity also makes it more resilient and less prone to errors or bugs.
2. Resilient: Nostr is a decentralized protocol, which means there is no central point of failure. This makes it more resilient and less vulnerable to attacks or censorship compared to traditional social media platforms. Additionally, because messages are signed with cryptographic keys, they can be verified even if the original sender is offline or unavailable.
3. Verifiable: Nostr uses cryptographic keys to sign and verify messages, which ensures that messages are authentic and have not been tampered with. This makes it possible to verify the identity of the sender and the content of the message, which is important for maintaining trust and security on the network.

Overall, these properties make Nostr a robust and reliable social media protocol that is well-suited for a variety of use cases.

What are NIP's? NIP stands for Nostr Improvement Proposals. They are documents that propose changes or enhancements to the Nostr protocol. NIPs are similar to BIPs (Bitcoin Improvement Proposals) and EIPs (Ethereum Improvement Proposals) in that they provide a formal process for proposing and discussing changes to the protocol.

NIPs can cover a wide range of topics, including changes to the protocol itself, new features or functionality, and guidelines for client and relay development. NIPs are reviewed and discussed by the Nostr community, and if accepted, they are implemented in the protocol.

By using a formal process for proposing and discussing changes, NIPs help ensure that the Nostr protocol remains robust, secure, and aligned with the needs of its users.

Are there any limitations or drawbacks to using Nostr? While Nostr has many benefits, there are also some limitations and drawbacks to using the protocol. Here are a few:

1. Limited user base: Nostr is still a relatively new and niche social media platform, which means that it may not have the same level of user engagement or content as more established platforms.
2. Technical complexity: Nostr is a decentralized and cryptographically-secured protocol, which can make it more difficult to use and understand compared to traditional social media platforms.
3. Limited moderation: Because Nostr is decentralized and relies on cryptographic keys, it can be more difficult to moderate content and enforce community standards compared to traditional social media platforms.
4. Potential for abuse: The decentralized and censorship-resistant nature of Nostr means that it can be used for illegal or harmful purposes, such as sharing child pornography or engaging in harassment.
5. Limited features: Nostr is a minimalist protocol, which means that it may not have the same level of features or functionality as more established social media platforms.

What are some problems of design of Nostr protocol? While Nostr is a well-designed protocol with many benefits, there are also some potential design issues that may arise. Here are a few:

1. Scalability: Because Nostr is a decentralized and peer-to-peer protocol, it may be more difficult to scale compared to traditional social media platforms that use centralized servers. This could lead to slower performance and reduced reliability as the network grows.
2. Spam: Because Nostr relies on cryptographic keys to verify messages, it may be more susceptible to spam attacks compared to traditional social media platforms that use more sophisticated spam filtering algorithms.
3. Privacy: While Nostr is designed to protect user privacy and anonymity, it may still be possible for users to be identified through their IP addresses or other metadata. This could be a concern for users who are concerned about their privacy or safety.
4. Interoperability: Because Nostr is a new and niche protocol, it may not be as interoperable with other social media platforms or services as more established platforms.
5. User experience: Because Nostr

What are some problems of overall vibe of Nostr network? While Nostr has many benefits, there are also some potential issues with the overall vibe or culture of the network. Here are a few:

1. Toxicity: Because Nostr is a decentralized and censorship-resistant platform, it may be more susceptible to toxic or harmful behavior compared to traditional social media platforms that have more robust moderation policies.
2. Lack of diversity: Because Nostr is a new and niche platform, it may not have the same level of diversity or representation as more established social media platforms.
3. Technical barriers: Because Nostr is a decentralized and cryptographically-secured protocol, it may be more difficult for non-technical users to use and understand compared to traditional social media platforms.
4. Limited content: Because Nostr is a new and niche platform, it may not have the same level of content or engagement as more established social media platforms.
5. Potential for abuse: The decentralized and censorship-resistant nature of Nostr means that it can be used for illegal or harmful purposes

Does Nostr run on blockchain? No, Nostr does not run on a blockchain. Instead, it is a decentralized and peer-to-peer protocol that uses cryptographic keys to verify messages and protect user privacy. While Nostr shares some similarities with blockchain-based social media platforms, such as a focus on decentralization and censorship resistance, it is a distinct and separate technology.

Does everyone see what I write? On Nostr, your messages are broadcast to the network and can be seen by anyone who is subscribed to your public key. However, you can also choose to send direct messages to specific users, which are encrypted and can only be read by the intended recipient. Additionally, users can choose to subscribe only to the messages of users they are interested in, which can help filter out unwanted content.

How can I earn money on Nostr? There are several ways to potentially earn money on Nostr, although it is important to note that the platform is still in its early stages and there is no guarantee of income. Here are a few possibilities:

1. Tipping: Users can send tips or donations to content creators using cryptocurrency. This can be a way to support creators whose content you enjoy and value.
2. Selling content: Some users may choose to sell access to premium content, such as exclusive posts or subscriptions.
3. Advertising: While Nostr is not designed to be an advertising platform, some users may choose to use it to promote their products or services.
4. Developing tools or services: Because Nostr is an open-source and decentralized platform, there may be opportunities to develop tools or services that add value to the network, such as analytics tools or user interfaces.

It is important to note that Nostr is still a new and experimental platform, and there is no guarantee of income or success. Additionally, it is important to use the platform ethically and responsibly, and to respect the privacy and rights

What do I do if a relay bans me? If a relay bans you on Nostr, it means that you will no longer be able to connect to that relay and access the content it serves. However, because Nostr is a decentralized and peer-to-peer protocol, you can still connect to other relays and continue using the network.

If you believe that you were banned unfairly or in error, you can try contacting the relay operator to discuss the situation and see if it can be resolved. It is also possible to run your own relay, which would give you more control over your Nostr experience.

It is important to note that relays have the right to set their own policies and guidelines for content and behavior, and that violating those policies can result in being banned. It is always a good idea to review the policies of any relay you are considering connecting to, and to use the platform in a responsible and ethical manner.

What is the connection of Bitcoin and Nostr? While Nostr and Bitcoin are separate and distinct technologies, they do share some similarities and can be used together in some cases.

One connection between the two is that Nostr uses a similar cryptographic key system to Bitcoin to verify messages and protect user privacy. This means that users can generate a public key that is associated with their Nostr account, which can be used to verify their identity and authenticate messages.

Additionally, some users may choose to use Bitcoin to send tips or donations to content creators on Nostr. Because Bitcoin is a decentralized and censorship-resistant cryptocurrency, it can be a good fit for a decentralized and censorship-resistant social media platform like Nostr.

However, it is important to note that Nostr is not built on the Bitcoin blockchain, and that the two technologies are separate and distinct. Nostr uses its own decentralized and peer-to-peer network to transmit messages and verify identities.

What are some scenarios where Nostr fails completely? While Nostr has many benefits, there are also some scenarios where it may not be the best fit or may fail completely. Here are a few:

1. Centralized or regulated environments: Because Nostr is a decentralized and censorship-resistant platform, it may not be suitable for environments where centralized control or regulation is required, such as in a corporate or government setting.
2. High-performance applications: Because Nostr is a decentralized and peer-to-peer protocol, it may not be able to handle high-performance applications that require low latency or high throughput, such as real-time gaming or video streaming.
3. Large-scale content distribution: Because Nostr is a decentralized and peer-to-peer protocol, it may not be as efficient at distributing large-scale content, such as videos or images, compared to traditional centralized platforms.
4. Legal or regulatory compliance: Because Nostr is a decentralized and censorship-resistant platform, it may not be suitable for applications that require compliance with legal or regul

Enter training

The above outputs are when doing inferencing, i.e. using the model. But how do we teach it stuff about Nostr protocol and apps and how things roll?

Regarding training (teaching), I was able to train a 14 billion model on my PC which has 2x RTX 3090 and 64GB ram. LLaMa-Factory is an awesome tool for that. This is my command line:

accelerate launch --config_file examples/accelerate/fsdp_config.yaml src/train_bash.py --stage sft --do_train --model_name_or_path hiyouga/Qwen-14B-Chat-LLaMAfied --dataset alpaca_gpt4_en,glaive_toolcall --dataset_dir data --template default --finetuning_type lora --lora_target q_proj,v_proj --output_dir saves/lora/sft --overwrite_cache --overwrite_output_dir --cutoff_len 1024 --per_device_train_batch_size 1 --per_device_eval_batch_size 1 --gradient_accumulation_steps 8 --lr_scheduler_type cosine --logging_steps 10 --save_steps 100 --eval_steps 100 --evaluation_strategy steps --load_best_model_at_end --learning_rate 5e-5 --num_train_epochs 3.0 --max_samples 3000 --val_size 0.1 --quantization_bit 4 --plot_loss --fp16

It uses FDSP and QLORA technique, which I shared weeks ago. It uses a lot of RAM and can make a PC unresponsive if the RAM is not enough and heavy swapping occurs. The above one completed in about 17 hours. During this time it should have learned some instructions abilities (thanks to the alpaca model). But I won't test that. Instead of alpaca I should use Nostr knowledge.

``` * train metrics *** epoch = 3.0 train_loss = 0.5957 train_runtime = 17:02:56.05 train_samples_per_second = 0.264 train_steps_per_second = 0.016

```

Next I will try a few different things to train a 70B model. Today my ram upgrade has arrived. Can't wait to test the new rams!

@ deab79da:88579e68

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 min
• 🍳 Cook time: ~20 min

Ingredients

• 4 boneless skinless chicken breast
• 1 small onion
• 1-3 jalapeno pepper, to taste
• 1/2 cup soy sauce
• 1/2 cup pineapple juice
• 1/4 cup olive oil
• 1/4 cup apple cider vinegar
• Juice of 1 lime
• 1 tsp honey
• 2 cloves garlic, minced
• 1/2 tsp ground nutmeg
• 1/2 tsp ground ginger
• 1/2 tsp allspice
• 1/2 tsp red pepper flakes
• small bunch of fresh cilantro
• Salt & Pepper

Directions

1. Put all of the ingredients, except the chicken breast, in a blender and blend until smooth
2. Let the chicken marinate ine the mixture for several hours, or overnight
3. Best cooked on a charcoal or gas grill. In a pinch, medium heat in a saute pan will do.
4. Remove the chicken from the marinade and grill or saute until cooked through. While the chicken is cooking, place the remaining marinade in a small saucepan and bring to a boil. Simmer for 5 minutes.
5. When the chicken is cooked, allow to rest for 5 minutes. Before serving brush the chicken with the remaining glaze. Serve with your favorite seasonal vegetables.

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

---

All this process has been a great learning for me and that's why I decided to document it. Connecting your node isn't (yet) that intuitive as it should, to auto withdraw your sats and use SN in a fully noncustodial manner. Consider this just a reference, it's generic due to my current tech skills did not enable me to cover all scenarios, so many things will not exactly match your case as it will be mostly depending on your node OS implementation. However, hope you'll find the following steps useful.

---

0. Open a channel with SN node

This is not mandatory, but it will definitely help the autowithdraws to find a cheaper and faster path toward your node.

pubkey: 03cc1d0932bb99b0697f5b5e5961b83ab7fd66f1efc4c9f5c7bad66c1bcbe78f02 connect via IPv4 on clearnet: 03cc1d0932bb99b0697f5b5e5961b83ab7fd66f1efc4c9f5c7bad66c1bcbe78f02@52.5.194.83:9735 connect anonymously via Tor 03cc1d0932bb99b0697f5b5e5961b83ab7fd66f1efc4c9f5c7bad66c1bcbe78f02@xhlmkj7mfrl6ejnczfwl2vqik3xim6wzmurc2vlyfoqw2sasaocgpuad.onion:9735 via terminal: lightning-cli connect <node_id> <ip> [<port>] lightning-cli fundchannel <node_id> <amount_in_satoshis> It could also be a private channel and this will allow you to use it exclusively for your autowithdraws and get the cheapest and faster transaction ever setting Base Fee (mSats) and Fee Rate (mSats) equal to zero. By command line should be something like (depending on which node OS you are running): lightning-cli setchannel <channel_id> <base_fee_millisatoshi> <fee_per_millionth> <base_fee_millisatoshi>: This is a fixed amount of satoshis that will be charged for every payment routed through your channel, regardless of the payment's size.

<fee_per_millionth>: This is a variable fee represented in millionths of a satoshi per satoshi routed, essentially a percentage of the transaction amount.

... or you could also easily use Ride The Lightning in case you have it installed:

---

1. Get your rest host and port

SN supports both connections types, tor or clearnet. I highly suggest tor as it provides much more privacy and does not leak your node's IP, as SN is missing a warrant canary and does not yet issue any transparency report, stating that it had not received any national security letters or legal notice to disclose user data.

---

2. Get your invoice only rune

A rune is a base64 string with a unique id which can be used to access commands on your node. It's important to limit the commands the rune we'll use to only allow method=invoice.

So it's now time to open the terminal in your device and connect to your node via ssh, usually something like ssh user@node.local, and then run the following command to generate one: lightning-cli createrune restrictions='["method=invoice"]' It's useful to verify the rune has been correctly created, verifying the list of existing rune running the following command: lightning-cli showrunes You can see all official documentation about lightning-commando-rune from here.

---

3. Get your cert

The certificate is located inside your node and is easily accessible via CLI via terminal with the following command: sudo nano ~/core-lightning/data/c-lightning-rest/certs/certificate.pem Make sure the path is correct, and, if it's, you should get a new window with the certificate. This certificate is encoded with base64, copy it and make sure you remove all spaces before pasting it to the SN form.

---

4. Set your desired balance

Last values to set are the desired balance to be left on SN wallet and the maximum fee as a percent of the withdrawal amount. I assume that if a channel is set toward SN node (as explained in step 0) we can also set zero here. I decided to set 1 just in case. I also set zero on desired balance because I do not want SN to be a wallet, but just an app I use to share and learn.

---

5. Attach and troubleshoot

Hitting the attach button will submit the information attached in the form. When using Tor, it could take a bit, so be patient and wait for the outcome to appear in the log section below. In my case, still have unsuccessfully completed the goal, so my CLN node is not yet attached due to an error: 21m [cln] ERROR could not connect to CLN: request to https://hidden.onion:2104/v1/invoice failed, reason: write EPROTO C077EC2F067F0000:error:0A00010B:SSL routines:ssl3_get_record:wrong version number:../deps/openssl/openssl/ssl/record/ssl3_record.c:354: 21m [cln] ERROR failed to attach wallet

I'm not sure if I am doing something wrong, or if the Tor connection is maybe so unstable that give me this error... Anyway, ideally, I'm still waiting for @k00b and @ek to confirm what's going on from @SN side. If you have a CLN node and want to play around, head to wallet > attach wallets > CLN and try to connect your node.

It will be nice if you can comment below your experience attaching your CLN node, either via clearnet or tor, so it might help better understand and learn how to correctly achieve this goal I've set on my to-do list!

@ 1739d937:3e3136ef

"Gossip", "Outbox", "Inbox", "Blastr", "Small relays vs Big relays". You've probably seen most of these topics come up in conversations and memes recently. You might have even read nostr:nprofile1qqsf03c2gsmx5ef4c9zmxvlew04gdh7u94afnknp33qvv3c94kvwxgsm3u0w6's article (nostr:naddr1qq2hxenh2cchynnpdag4sepkx4gxyj2dt9nk6q3qjlrs53pkdfjnts29kveljul2sm0actt6n8dxrrzqcersttvcuv3qxpqqqp65wd3a9ny), or nostr:nprofile1qqswuyd9ml6qcxd92h6pleptfrcqucvvjy39vg4wx7mv9wm8kakyujgua442w's very technical article (nostr:naddr1qqxnzde3xycngdpjxg6nqdfsqgswuyd9ml6qcxd92h6pleptfrcqucvvjy39vg4wx7mv9wm8kakyujgrqsqqqa28906usv), or maybe even nostr:nprofile1qqsrhuxx8l9ex335q7he0f09aej04zpazpl0ne2cgukyawd24mayt8g2lcy6q's one with the clickbaity title (nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzqwlsccluhy6xxsr6l9a9uhhxf75g85g8a709tprjcn4e42h053vaqydhwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnhv4ehgetjde38gcewvdhk6tcprfmhxue69uhhq7tjv9kkjepwve5kzar2v9nzucm0d5hsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyctwvshsqzpcxasnyvpcvsusgpcqx3).

These are all great, and you should go and read them too. But one thing that each of them is guilty of is assuming that the audience has enough context to jump into the middle of a very nuanced and technical discussion. I've yet to see a clear description of what Gossip or Outbox really are and certainly none that are written in a way that is approachable for a non-technical audience. I hope this article can give you that context and serve as a high-level overview of the discussion and the technologies involved so that you can go forth to create better, more informed memes (is there anything more important, really?) and join the discussion in a productive way.

The problems

Centralization is the default

First off, why are we even talking about relays? Most of know that nostr is a protocol which is designed to be decentralized from the ground up. That decentralization is due in large part to the fact that users read and write data to multiple relays by default. So instead of all your data going to a centralized database (usually owned and operated by a single company) with nostr you have the ability to send your data to as as many relays as you'd like (relays are just databases, after all). Likewise, you can read other people's data from as many relays as you'd like to. Decentralized design = decentralized system, right!? Well, turns out, no.

The problem with a design like this is that what can be done and what will be done are often very different things. Imagine the following scenario: You follow 1000 people; 700 of them post their notes to the Primal relay, the other 300 post their notes to the Damus relay. If you don't also write your content to those two relays, the people that you care about won't see your content, they won't see your replies to their notes, they won't even know you exist. So while; in practice, it's easy to read & write to many different relays, users and their content will tend to centralize because it's the path of least resistance to a good user experience. Network effects and economies of scale always apply, they just don't always lead to the outcomes that you want.

Before you start to panic, this sort of centralization isn't a huge issue just yet. We are still a nascent network and there are still hundreds of active relays out there. Almost all nostr clients make relay selection a first class citizen and don't default new users to a single relay. The fact that we're even having this conversation in a serious way at this stage is a great sign that the community cares enough to be proactive about maintaining (and improving) decentralization over time.

That said, this is not a issue that we can take lightly either. The top 5-10 relays do already have an outsized percentage of users and we have many examples of these centralizing tendencies across dozens of protocols and networks over the last 30 years, so the threat is real.

The status quo is wasteful

The other major issue is that currently most nostr clients are extremely wasteful in how they fetch data. The default is to simply get everything from all the relays a user wants to connect to. Because most of us are writing the same data to many relays, this leads to huge amounts of duplicated data being downloaded, having its signatures verified, and then (for the most part) thrown away. For those of us with latest generation smartphones, unlimited data, and a working power outlet nearby, this is fine. For everyone else, this is a major roadblock to adopting nostr.

A lightly technical aside

There are a few important features of nostr that make any sort of intelligent data fetching possible. To understand how any of the potential solutions to the aforementioned problems would actually work, it's important to have a baseline understanding of these technical details. I promise, I'll keep it high level.

Relay lists

Recently the concept of a Relay List Metadata has been introduced to the spec in NIP-65 (there are also other types of relay lists documented in NIP-51). This is a nostr list event where users publish their preferred relays with a marker that says whether the relay is for read-only, write-only, or read & write. This vastly simplifies the process of finding preferred user relays for clients and I imagine that this will become the de facto standard place to look for a user's preferred relays.

NIP-05

The NIP-05 spec also documents a way for users to signal their preferred relays. However, unlike the NIP-65 relay list, this is a simple list of relays without any details on whether the user reads or writes to those relays.

Tag markers

Tag markers are positional elements in tags that give the client publishing the event the ability to leave a hint as to which relay other clients can expect to find a given user or note that is being referenced.

For example, in a user's contact list (a kind: 3 event) you have many "p" tags to reference all the user's that are followed. These tags look like this:

{ "kind": 3, "tags": [ ["p", "91cf9..4e5ca", "wss://alicerelay.com/", "alice"], ["p", "14aeb..8dad4", "wss://bobrelay.com/nostr"], ["p", "612ae..e610f"] ], "content": "", ...other fields }

All three of these "p" tags are valid (only the "p" and the user's pubkey are required), in the first and second you can see the third item is a relay where the user's events can be found.

These types of tag markers are repeated all throughout nostr. Here's a few more example references for an event (in this case a long-form article):

``` ["e", "b3e392b11f5d4f28321cedd09303a748acfd0487aea5a7450b3481c60b6e4f87", "wss://relay.example.com"],

["a", "30023:a695f6b60119d9521934a691347d9f78e8770b56da16bb255ee286ddf9fda919:ipsum", "wss://relay.nostr.org"] ```

As you can imagine, these hints can be very helpful but only if clients actually attempt to fetch the content from the referenced relay.

The solutions?

Now that you understand the problem space a bit better let's define those terms we started with.

Blastr

Blastr was created by nostr:nprofile1qqs9hejyd252x8q3kw6980ud4lymx3hlx2x3lgg6p7sz58nyv8m2nvgdswkeh and nostr:nprofile1qqswrlemlh2wgqc4jkds3d8ueqj9a2j3gcm7r48v9tskdd6rxsd7rtcpwpuwc from Mutiny and isn't a relay. Instead, Blastr is a proxy (i.e. it looks like a relay to clients) that ingests any event sent to it and, in turn, sends those events to EVERY online relay on the network. It's a mass re-broadcaster for events that can be helpful to get your data pushed out to as many relays (and thus users) as possible. The drawback, of course, is that this is tremendously wasteful from a bandwidth and storage perspective.

Gossip (in 3 flavors)

This is by far the most confusing part for most people when watching the memes of the last few weeks fly by and I've seen a lot of confused takes out there. Most of the confusion stems from the multiplicity of definitions of what the "gossip model" actually is. Let's go through the options. 1. Gossip protocols: This is a general concept more than a specific implementation. Gossip protocols are protocols that attempt to spread information around a network in a uniform way. For example, Bitcoin nodes use a variation of the gossip protocol to make sure that transactions end up in as many mempools as possible. This is important in computing when you want to reach consensus or when all nodes in a network need to have the same information in order to operate the network. Since nostr doesn't have any consensus rules or shared compute, it's somewhat pointless to try and make sure all events are propagated to all relays (hence the limited usefulness of Blastr). 2. The Gossip client from nostr:nprofile1qqswuyd9ml6qcxd92h6pleptfrcqucvvjy39vg4wx7mv9wm8kakyujgua442w : This is a nostr client that was built from the ground up to try and use relays and relay hints in events to the fullest to keep things as decentralized as possible while being efficient in how much data it was fetching. Mike has a great (slightly outdated and very technical) video that talks about his motivation behind building Gossip in the way he did. It's worth a watch. video link 3. Gossip model: This is what people are usually referring to when they are talking about relays on nostr. The Gossip model is a loose, catch-all term used to refer to all the ways in which clients attempt to understand which relays they should read & write to for a given user. Again, this isn't really a specific spec or implementation but encompasses many different strategies. This vagueness inherent in the term makes discussions about the "gossip model" pretty imprecise and prone to misunderstanding.

Don't gossip

To be clear: You really shoud not be thinking about or talking about any of this as the "gossip model" since that definition is so abstract as to be unusable. Which brings us finally to the real topic being discussed at the moment among devs; the Outbox model.

Outbox/Inbox model

This is the real topic of conversation right now: How should client developers build relay discovery and selection features into their apps. As we already talked about, if left alone, it's likely that we'd unintentionally centralize most of nostr onto a few huge relays. So making sure that we encourage (and build sensible defaults) to help client developers to treat relay discovery and selection properly is really critical.

Right now, the discussion centers around one main approach, called the "Outbox model". There is also an "Inbox model" which is a still just a high level idea which I'll mention below but it's not being implemented yet (as of late March 2024). 1. The "Outbox model": This strategy looks at what relays users are using to publish their events (from relay lists and tag markers) and then uses an algorithm to decide how to fetch all the needed events from the array of relays. Different implementations can use different algorithms to select relays. For example, one implementation might optimize fetching events from the smallest number of relays (favoring large relays), while another might optimize for fetching from the relays that have the smallest user overlap (favoring small relays). 2. The "Inbox model": As you can imagine, this strategy flips the outbox model on it's head. It's so far just an idea (proposed by nostr:nprofile1qqs8nsk2uy2w529fs8n4tx60u7z553e4yx5dy2nxhw4elgjgawpqlas9waufq) and a draft NIP but the idea is that when your client posts on your behalf, it will loop over your entire follow list, making a list of the relays that each of your followers uses to read events. Then the client will publish your event to all of those relays. If all clients followed this paradigm, then each of us would only have to read from a single relay. To quote nostr:nprofile1qqs8nsk2uy2w529fs8n4tx60u7z553e4yx5dy2nxhw4elgjgawpqlas9waufq 's original post, "This doesn't take away from the outbox approach, and maybe should even be used together instead of as a replacement. But my point is that clients should be trying harder to deliver posts instead of just fetch posts. Because it benefits users when their posts can be seen."

Why the Outbox model has broad support

To understand why implementing an Outbox model is so powerful at solveing the problems laid out at the beginning of this article, you can do two quick thought experiments:

A user banned from all other relays

Imagine a user who's content is banned from all public relays for some reason. Instead, they have to run their own relay and publish their events there. With a simple "follow the major relays model" (or even with Blastr attempting to copy and paste their events to every other relay) this user is completely invisible to the network. User's would have to know about the banned user's private relay and select that relay in each client they use. What's more, if that relay ever had to change URL (likely for a user that is banned so broadly), all user's would need to know what the new URL is in order to change relays and fetch events from the new location.

With Outbox however, clients will see that their user's follow this user, will then look up this user's relay list, and will know where they need to go to fetch their events. It becomes much more difficult for relays to censor or block users with an Outbox model in place

Duplicate event fetching

We talked earlier about how many nostr clients often fetch the same data many times, just to throw that data away. Even using the simplest algorithms with an Outbox model, you can significantly reduce the amount of duplicate data you're fetching from relays. We, as users, would all also need to specific many fewer relays in our relay lists but would still be quite sure our clients would be able to find all the content we want to see.

Wrapping up

Hopefully this has given you a better overall understanding of what folks are talking about when they refer to Gossip (remember: don't refer to it this way) or Outbox (outbox, yay!) and why we need to be proactive about maintaining the decentralization of nostr.

@ 17652208:c1ccf950

Over the past year, Chingari has emerged as a dark horse in the SocialFi field, showcasing a remarkable growth trajectory. According to the data presented, since May 2023, Chingari has experienced significant fluctuations and growth in its independent active user count (UAW), transaction volume, and number of transactions. Particularly at the beginning of 2024, Chingari witnessed several substantial increases in user activity and transaction volume, demonstrating its strong performance in the market.

According to Coin98 Analytics, in the past 30 days, Chingari ranks seventh in the number of independent active addresses, with a total of 777K, indicating its gradually solidifying position in the SocialFi app landscape. This achievement not only reflects Chingari’s breakthroughs in technology and product development, but also highlights its precise understanding of user demands and market trends.

Whether in the Web2 or Web3 world, social applications have become a necessity for users, and Chingari has gradually attracted a large number of users’ attention and participation with its unique operating model and innovative features. Next, we will delve into an analysis of Chingari’s operational strategies and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

Chingari Platform Overview: Indian Innovative Short Video Social App with Impressive Incentive Mechanisms and User Growth Chingari is a popular short video social application that has quickly gained prominence in the Indian market since its launch in 2020. Similar to China’s TikTok, Chingari allows users to earn rewards by creating and sharing short video content. With its innovative features and reward mechanisms, Chingari has attracted a large number of users, forming a massive community with over 175 million current users.

Expanding User Base

Chingari’s vision is to become the best short video sharing platform for users, dedicated to providing opportunities for talented individuals to showcase themselves. Users can capture and share perfect videos to showcase themselves to the world. Currently, Chingari boasts over 50 million users and 160 million views, with downloads exceeding 130 million times. The platform offers multiple language versions to enable more people to use this popular new platform and emphasizes protecting user data and security to ensure users can use it with peace of mind.

Innovative Reward Mechanisms

Chingari not only provides a platform to showcase talent but also incentivizes user participation in content creation through various means. Users can earn GARI tokens by watching, sharing, and creating video content. These tokens can be used to unlock special content from creators or purchase voice or video call experiences with creators. By staking idle assets in the wallet, users can also earn additional rewards. This “create and earn” and “participate and earn” mechanism greatly stimulates user enthusiasm and promotes platform activity.

Financing and Development

In just a few years, Chingari has achieved significant milestones. In 2021, Chingari raised $19 million in funding and was ranked as India’s number one social networking app in the Indian government’s “App Innovation Challenge.” In May 2022, Chingari completed a $15 million Series A expansion round of financing, providing a solid foundation for further development. In the future, Chingari plans to launch integrated beta testing and live testing of blockchain, further enriching user experience and driving the platform’s continued development.

Through these efforts, Chingari is continuously reshaping the social media landscape, providing users with better experiences and more opportunities. Chingari’s success is not only a breakthrough in technology and products but also a precise understanding of user needs and market trends. Next, we will delve into the operational strategies of Chingari and the challenges it faces in the SocialFi field.

In-depth Analysis of Chingari’s Integration with Kana Labs Paymaster: A Crucial Layout for Decentralized Social Media Innovation and Integration: Chingari’s Latest Move

On February 23, 2024, Chingari, a leading short video sharing platform in the Web3 space, announced its integration with Kana Labs Paymaster service, offering sponsored transactions covering gas fees. This move aims to further optimize user experience, lower the barrier of entry for users, and foster widespread adoption of the platform. Since its establishment in 2018, Chingari has been dedicated to empowering creators through NFT technology, providing content ownership management, and now boasts nearly 5 million daily active users with a daily video viewing count of up to 200 million.

The Significance of Paymaster Technology

Paymaster is a blockchain infrastructure that allows companies or third-party entities to store tokens for sponsoring transactions. This means that any dApp integrated with Paymaster technology can provide its users with a seamless transaction experience without the complexity of gas fees. Paymaster accounts hold various tokens used to pay for transaction fees, enabling these dApps to cover the gas fees for transactions, thus simplifying the user’s operational process.

Kana Labs’ Paymaster service is widely recognized for its efficiency and reliability and is recommended by Aptos Labs as the preferred choice for dApp integration. Chingari chose to partner with Kana Labs not only for its advantages in the multi-chain ecosystem but also for Kana Labs’ excellent performance in cross-chain solutions and smart wallet capabilities. By integrating Kana Labs Paymaster service, Chingari can effectively reduce users’ transaction costs, enhance platform scalability, and improve user satisfaction.

The Future of Decentralized Ecosystems

Chingari, initially built on the Solana network, has now migrated to the Aptos network to leverage its higher scalability and lower gas fees. This multi-chain strategy ensures Chingari’s leading position in both technological innovation and user experience. Since mid-February 2024, Chingari has sponsored over 800,000 transactions through the Kana Labs Paymaster service. This integration not only enhances the platform’s decentralized transaction management capabilities but also enables users to enjoy a more convenient Web3 experience.

In the future, as Kana Labs continues to expand its services in the multi-chain ecosystem, Chingari will be able to achieve greater market penetration and technical integration on a global scale. Through this collaboration, Chingari not only enhances its own competitiveness but also sets new benchmarks for the development of decentralized social media. This move by Chingari heralds more innovation and transformation for decentralized social platforms in the future.

Chingari’s Multi-Pronged Approach Leads to Comprehensive Improvement in User Engagement and Platform Functionality Web3 social media enthusiasts are well aware that Chingari, as a leading short video sharing platform, has gained significant influence both within and outside the Web3 community. Specifically, Chingari has made remarkable progress in several areas, making waves in the market:

Firstly, in terms of user incentives, Chingari has significantly increased user engagement through a series of reward mechanisms. For example, on May 10, 2024, Chingari announced the “Refer and Earn Leaderboard Contest” on the X platform, with a prize pool of up to $100,000 in GARI tokens. This initiative encourages users to refer new users and stay active on the platform, with referrers earning 100 $GARI for each successful referral and referees earning 50 $GARI. This initiative not only promotes user growth but also enhances community interaction.

In terms of platform operations, Chingari has adopted a strategy of regularly burning GARI tokens to control token supply and increase their scarcity. On May 13, 2024, Chingari announced the successful burning of 500,000 GARI tokens, worth approximately $11,000, reducing the total supply by 1.61%. This burning mechanism effectively enhances token value and boosts user confidence in the platform’s long-term development.

Additionally, Chingari has introduced several advanced trading tools, enhancing the user trading experience. On May 30, 2024, the platform launched DEX aggregation functionality, providing better trading options through Raydium and Meteor. Meanwhile, users can utilize limit orders and Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) automated investment strategies to better control their trading and investment plans. By staking GARI tokens, users not only gain voting rights but also participate in platform governance, voting on proposals, thereby enhancing their involvement in platform decisions.

To further enhance user experience and platform functionality, Chingari plans to launch perpetual contract trading using Drift.trade and Raydium liquidity on July 5, 2024. Additionally, users can borrow other cryptocurrencies using GARI or SOL tokens as collateral until July 30, 2024, unlocking more liquidity and improving asset utilization efficiency.

Overall, through these strategies and feature innovations, Chingari has not only successfully expanded its user base and platform functionality diversity but also demonstrated its forward-looking layout and innovative spirit in the Web3 social media field. However, despite these measures showing strong growth potential, future market changes and user demands remain uncertain. Whether Chingari can maintain its leading position in the fierce competition in the future remains to be seen.

@ ec09d831:42c80ce4

https://image.nostr.build/6d3e670146dbe51523cebd38402d4d1b960952c9960f924117a5667353fc376b.png

Gülünç Kâhinlikler ve Entelektüel Tevazunun Değeri

1998 yılında Paul Krugman, 2005 yılına gelindiğinde “internetin ekonomi üzerindeki etkisinin faks makinesinden daha büyük olmadığının” açıkça görüleceği tahmininde bulunmuştu. Bu tahmin o kadar yanlıştı ve o kadar yaygın bir şekilde dilden dile (neredeyse memetik bir şekilde) dolaşıyordu ki Snopes’un bu ifadeleri kontrol eden ve doğruluğunu teyit eden bir sayfası bile mevcuttu.

İnternet uçsuz bucaksız bir yer, ancak bu kadar kötü bir şekilde ıskalayan başka bir tahmin bulmak gerçekten çok zordur. Bu nedenle 2015 yılında Bitcoin ile ilgili olarak yapılan ve aynı derecede fena ıskalayan bir tahmine rastladığımda epey şaşırdım. Ne tesadüftür ki (ya da belki de değil) bu yorum da Krugman’dan geliyor.

Bitcoin “Liberteryen İdeolojiye” Dayanan Bir “Balon” mu?

Temmuz 2015’te düzenlenen bir panelde Krugman’a “Bitcoin gibi ezber bozan, sistem yıkıcı, çığır açıcı dijital para birimleri” hakkındaki görüşü soruldu. Krugman, iki buçuk dakikalık abuk sabuk bir yanıtla Bitcoin’i “liberteryen ideolojiye” dayanan bir para birimi, patlamayı bekleyen bir balon olarak tanımladı. Nobel ödüllü yazar, “Bir soruna teknik açıdan güzel bir çözüm, ancak bu sorunun iktisadi açıdan pek bir önemi olduğunu söyleyemeyiz.” şeklinde her zamanki gibi zırvalamıştı. Ancak buradaki asıl mesele, Krugman’ın bu teknik meseleleri anlamadığının açık olmasıdır. Sözlerine Bitcoin’i kredi kartlarıyla kıyaslayarak devam ederken “Eğer bir para biriminin fiziksel bir şey olması gerekmediği, sanal bir şey olabileceği fikrini arıyorsanız, bu zaten sahip olduğumuz sistemdir” diyordu. “Ödemeleri elektronik olarak yapmanın bir yolunu arıyorsam, bu, bilirsiniz, kredi kartlarıdır.” bile demişti, inanabiliyor musunuz?

Krugman’ın yanıtı, Bitcoin’i gerçekten incelemediğini ve değer önerisini ya da benzersiz özelliklerini gerçekten anlamadığını gösteriyor. Bitcoin itibari para ile aynı özelliklerin çoğuna, yani kolayca transfer edilebilirliğe, bölünebilirliğe ve takas edilebilirliğe sahiptir; ancak itibari paradan farklı olarak arzı öngörülebilir ve kesinlikle sınırlıdır. Tasarımı gereği, Bitcoin’i yaratmak, yani “madencilik” giderek zorlaşmaktadır. Ve sadece 21 milyon Bitcoin üretileceğini kesin olarak biliriz. Bu doğal kıtlık Bitcoin’i itibari paradan çok daha dayanıklı bir para birimi hâline getirmektedir ki bu özelliğin kredi kartlarıyla hiçbir ilgisi yoktur. Krugman, Bitcoin’in özelliklerini tartışmak ya da zayıf yönlerine değinmek yerine, çoğunlukla Bitcoin ile alay ediyor, daha doğrusu alay edebildiğini sanma gafletine düşüyor ve şu finansal tavsiyeyi veriyor: “Bitcoin birçok açıdan gerçekten bir balon gibi görünüyor ve kesinlikle, bu para birimini tutmak için bir neden yok.”

Krugman’ın Tavsiyesini Dikkate Almayıp Bitcoin Alsaydınız Ne Olurdu?

Krugman’ı dinleyip 2015 yılında Bitcoin almamaya karar verdiyseniz, muhtemelen kendinizi Netflix’i satın alması için gelen 50 milyon dolarlık teklifi geri çeviren Blockbuster şirketi yöneticileri gibi hissediyorsunuzdur.

Krugman Temmuz 2015’te bu tahmini yaptığında Bitcoin yaklaşık 300 dolardan işlem görüyordu. Çarşamba sabahı, yani Bitcoin’in 15. yaş günü olan 3 Ocak 2024’te Bitcoin 45.000 dolardan işlem gördü. Bu, Krugman’ın tavsiyesini göz ardı edip 7500 dolara 25 Bitcoin almaya karar verdiyseniz, bugün yaklaşık 1.125.000 dolarınız olacağı anlamına geliyor.

Bir de başka bir açıdan bakalım. Krugman 2015 yılında New York Şehir Üniversitesi’nden (gelir eşitsizliği üzerine çalışmak üzere) yıllık 225.000 dolar maaş alıyordu ve bu meblağa diğer girişimlerinden elde ettiği kazançlar (kitap telifleri, New York Times köşesi, vb.) dâhil değildi. Krugman bir yıl boyunca gelirinin %10’u ile (vergi ödemeden önce) hisse senedi yerine Bitcoin alsaydı, 22.500 dolar karşılığında 75 Bitcoin satın alabilirdi. Bu tek yatırım ona 3,4 milyon dolar net kâr sağlardı.

Bilmenin Sınırlarını Bilmek

Krugman’a karşı insaflı olmak adına, geleceği tahmin etmenin zor olduğunu söylemeliyim. Sonsuz sayıda hareketli parçası olan karmaşık bir dünyada yaşıyoruz. Sistemler, seçimler, ürünler, riskler, vs. gibi şeylerle dolu dünya hakkındaki bilgimiz oldukça sınırlıdır. Ancak yine de bu gerçeği kabul etmeli ve şunu bilmeliyiz ki tüm bilginin tek bir akla aktarılabileceğini varsaymak, gerçek dünyada önemli ve anlamlı olan her şeyi göz ardı etmek olacaktır. Ne yazık ki, bilginin sınırlarını kabul etmek ve bu konuda tevazu göstermek Krugman’ın pek de iyi bildiği bir şey değildir. Hatta kendisine Bitcoin sorulduğunda küçümseyerek cevap vermesi de dinleyicilerin ve moderatörün gülüşmelerine neden olmuştur.

Krugman’ın tepkisinin progresiflerin ağababası Noam Chomsky’nin 2015’teki bir röportaj sırasında kendisine Bitcoin sorulduğunda verdiği yanıtla tam bir tezat oluşturması da çok ilginçtir. Chomsky şüpheci olduğunu ifade etmiş, ancak Bitcoin’i yakından incelemediğini de kabul etmişti. Chomsky, “İlk aklıma gelen, cevap verecek kadar bilgim olmadığı” demiştir. Bu, Krugman’ın üstünkörü yaklaşımından çok daha aydınlatıcı ve mütevazı bir yaklaşımdır.

Entelektüeller arasında kibir pek duyulmamış bir şey değildir, ancak geçmişi tuhaf tahminler ve oldukça utanç verici olduğu ortaya çıkan kötü tavsiyelerle dolu olan Krugman’dan bu kadar kibre tanık olmak biraz şaşırtıcı oluyor (insan biraz akıllanır be adam). Bu kibirli ve aymaz çıkışlarının arasında 2002 yılında resesyonla mücadele etmek için kasıtlı olarak konut balonu yaratma önerisi (konut balonu da nasıl sonuçlandı, gördük), makroekonomik modellerinin ampirik başarısızlıkları ve yukarıda bahsedilen internetin ekonomik etkisinin “faks makinelerinden daha büyük olmayacağı” iddiası yer alıyor. İnanılmaz bir adam!

Tekrar ediyorum, bazı konularda yanılıyor olmakta sorun yok. İnsanız, hepimiz hata yaparız. Ancak bu temel gerçeği kabul etmek, kibri değil de tevazuyu ve yanıldığımızı kabul etme becerisini geliştirmelidir.

Bitcoin’e Dair İyimserlik

Krugman 2017, 2018 ve 2022’deki köşe yazılarından da anlaşılacağı üzere Bitcoin’e şüpheyle yaklaşmaya devam ediyor ve bunda bir sorun yok. Krugman’ın başlıca takıntısı ise Bitcoin’in (içsel değere sahip olan) altın ve (devlet vaatleriyle desteklenen) itibari paranın aksine “dayanaksız” olduğu fikri.

Krugman, “Eğer spekülatörler aniden bitcoinlerin değersiz olduğu korkusuyla toplu bir şüpheye kapılırlarsa, bitcoinler değersiz hâle gelir,” diye yazıyor. Bu doğru olabilir elbette, ancak herhangi bir para birimi (hatta altın) için de söylenebilir. Bitcoin hakkında yaklaşık bir yıl boyunca benzer kuşkulara sahip olduğumu itiraf etmeliyim. Kıt olmak üzere tasarlanmış esnek ama dayanıklı bir para birimi olarak değerini anlamak ve tam olarak inanmak zordu. Tabii artık böyle düşünmüyorum. Enflasyona karşı dayanıklı bir para birimi olarak değer önerisi gerçek, özellikle de itibari paranın tüm dünyada devasa ölçeklerde piyasaya pompalanması nedeniyle istikrarsız göründüğü bir dönemde.

İyi Para, Kötü Para ve Bitcoin’in Yeri

Peki şimdi kötü paradan, yani ABD doları, avro, Japon yeni, Çin renminbisi, İngiliz sterlini, İsviçre frangı ve temelde tüm resmî para birimlerinden bahsedelim. Bunların hepsi itibari parayı temsil etmektedir. İtibari paranın kök adı olan fiat terimi Latinceden gelir ve “böyle olsun!” anlamına sahiptir. Dolayısıyla itibari para “fermana dayalı, zorlayıcı para” ya da “halka zorla kabul ettirilen para”dır. İtibari paranın üç temel özelliği vardır: 1. Devlet (ya da onun temsilcisi olan merkez bankası) para üretimi üzerinde tekel sahibidir. 2. İtibari para banka kredilerinin genişletilmesi yoluyla üretilir; kelimenin tam anlamıyla havadan yaratılır. 3. İtibari para içsel olarak (özünde) değersizdir. Sadece parlak renkli kâğıtlar ve maddi olmayan bit ve baytlardan ibarettir ki bunlar herhangi bir zamanda ve politik olarak uygun görülen herhangi bir miktarda üretilebilirdir.

Kötü Para Nasıl Ortaya Çıktı?

Yeri gelmişken, itibari paranın bu dünyaya kendiliğinden gelmediğini belirtmek isterim. Devletler, altın ve gümüş şeklindeki emtia parasını kendi itibari paralarıyla değiştirmek için uzun süre ve çok uğraştılar. Emtia parasına son darbe 15 Ağustos 1971’de geldi: ABD Başkanı Richard Nixon, Bretton Woods’ta küresel kur ilan edilen ABD dolarının artık altına çevrilemeyeceğini açıkladı. Bu karar (ki ben buna modern tarihin en büyük parasal kamulaştırması ya da gasbı diyorum) dünyayı fiilî bir itibari para rejimine soktu.

Bu çerçevede, itibari paranın iktisadi ve ahlâkî eksikliklerden muzdarip olması sürpriz olmayabilir.

İtibari Paranın Kusurları

Birincisi, itibari para enflasyonisttir. Satın alma gücü zaman içinde azalır ve tarih bu entropinin neredeyse yerçekimi kadar tersinemez olduğunu göstermiştir.

İkincisi, itibari para seçilmiş bir azınlığı diğerlerinin zararına zenginleştirir. Yeni parayı ilk ele geçirenler, sonradan gelenlerin aleyhine fayda sağlar. Bkz: Cantillon Etkisi.

Üçüncüsü, itibari para spekülatif balonları ve krizlerle sonuçlanan sermaye yanlış dağılımlarını teşvik eder. Ekonomiler bu yüzden ani yükselmeler ve çöküşler yaşar. Bkz: Avusturyacı İş Döngüsü Teorisi.

Dördüncüsü, itibari para devletleri, bankaları, tüketicileri ve firmaları aşırı borç tuzağına çeker. Er ya da geç, borçlular kendilerini çıkış yolu olmayan derin bir çukurda bulurlar.

Beşincisi, itibari para büyük devleti besler. Devlet genişledikçe ve bakımsız bir bahçedeki yabani otlar gibi büyüdükçe, bu büyüme bireysel özgürlük ve hürriyeti boğar, hatta yok eder.

İyi Para Üzerine

Kötü para hakkında yeterince konuştum. Şimdi de sırada şu soru var: İyi para nedir? Bu soruyu yanıtlamak için, serbest para piyasasının nasıl işlediğini düşünmemiz yeterlidir. Burada insanlar hangi tür parayı kullanmak istediklerine karar vermekte özgürdürler ve aynı zamanda iyi para arayan diğer insanların ihtiyaçlarını karşılama özgürlüğüne de sahiptirler.

Parada serbest piyasanın sonucu elbette iyi para olacaktır, çünkü insanlar kendi çıkarları doğrultusunda iyi para talep edeceklerdir, kötü para değil. Bu aslında Sağlam Para Teorisi’nin bize söylediği şeydir. Para bir metadan ve serbest piyasanın kendiliğinden ortaya çıkmıştır: Bu süreçte ne bir devlete ne de bir merkez bankasına ihtiyaç duyulmuştur.

İyi para olarak nitelendirilebilmesi için söz konusu “şey” ya da malın belirli özelliklere sahip olması gerekir. Kıt, homojen, bölünebilir, dayanıklı, taşınabilir, madenden darp edilebilir vs. olmalıdır. Altın ve gümüş bu gereklilikleri mükemmel bir şekilde karşılamaktadır ve bu nedenle insanlar seçmekte özgür olduklarında evrensel olarak kabul edilen ödeme aracı olarak seçilmişlerdir.

Peki, bu durumda Bitcoin’in yeri neresidir?

İyi Para Arayışı Olarak Kriptografi Temelli Para Birimleri

Para teorisi açısından bakıldığında Bitcoin’in iyi bir para olarak nitelendirilebileceğini rahatlıkla iddia ediyorum. Bitcoin, bireysel özgürlük ve özel mülkiyet haklarına saygı göstererek, ilgili tüm katılımcıların gönüllü eylemleriyle serbest piyasadan türemiştir.

Ayrıca Bitcoin’in daha sonra gerekçeleriyle açıklayacağım şekilde regresyon teoremine uygun olduğunu ve dolayısıyla Bitcoin’in potansiyel olarak para olabilmesi için gerekli şartları sağladığını da iddia ediyorum. Hâl böyle iken kilit soru da Bitcoin’in resmî itibari para birimlerine ya da altın paraya meydan okuma ve onları geride bırakma şansının olup olmayacağıdır. Bunu daha ayrıntılı olarak sonraki başlıklar altında irdeleyeceğim, ancak öncesinde, “Bitcoin para mıdır?” sorusunu, Mises’in regresyon teoremi bağlamında Bitcoin’in regresyon zaman çizgisini harikulade bir şekilde ele alan Konrad S. Graf’ın “Bitcoin, regresyon teoreminin köken yönünün en iyi belgelenmiş tarihsel örneği olabilir” tespitini hatırlatmak istiyorum. Ayrıca, evet, Bitcoin hiçbir “fiyatı” olmadan başladı çünkü başlangıçta yalnızca tek bir varlık, yani Satoshi Nakamoto onu biliyordu, ancak hiçbir zaman “değersiz” değildi. Neden mi? Çünkü Satoshi Nakamoto ilk 50 bitcoini kazmak için elektrik bedelini ödedi. Satoshi, bu bitcoinler için, bugün dünyanın dört bir yanındaki madencilerin Bitcoin için elektrikle “ödeme” yaptığı gibi “ödeme” yaptı. Tek başına bu bile Mises’in yanlış uygulanan ve yeterince anlaşılmayan regresyon teoremi ile uyumsuzluğu iddialarını çürütmektedir.

Parada Serbest Piyasa

Bitcoin’in heyecan verici bir özelliği de miktarının 21 milyon adetle sınırlı olmasıdır. Bu sabit sınır, bir noktada (takribi 2140 yılında) Bitcoin miktarının daha fazla artmayacağı anlamına gelmektedir. Malum, eğer para miktarı sabit kalır ve ekonomi genişlerse, mal ve hizmet fiyatları düşecektir.

Bu durum para kullanıcıları ya da ekonomi için bir sorun teşkil eder mi diye soracak olursanız peşinen cevaplayayım: Hayır, hiç sorun olmaz. Fiyatlar düşse de firmalar veya tüm piyasa katılımcıları başarılı olmaya devam edebilir. Kârları, gelirler ve maliyetler arasındaki farktan kaynaklanır. Eğer mal fiyatları (nominal olarak) düşerse, firmalar sadece gelirlerinin maliyetlerini aşmaya devam ettiğinden emin olmalıdır. Tüketiciler mal fiyatlarının düştüğünü görmekten memnun olacaktır. Paraları daha değerli hâle geleceğinden nakit bakiyelerini azaltıp harcamalarını artırabilirler.

Şimdi Almak mı, Sonra Almak mı?

Ama bir dakika! Fiyatların zaman içinde düşmesi beklenirse tüketiciler mal satın almaktan kaçınmazlar mı? Bir arabanın bugün 50.000 dolar olduğunu ve bir yıl sonra sadece 40.000 dolar olacağını düşünün. Eğer arabaya şu anda ihtiyacım varsa (çünkü eskisi bozuldu), hemen yeni bir tane almam gerekir, bekleyemem. Genel cevap şudur: İnsanlar şimdi ya da sonra satın alma kararlarını indirgenmiş marjinal faydaya göre verirler. Arabayı 50.000 dolara satın almanın marjinal faydası, insanların değer skalasında sadece 40.000 dolar ödemekten daha düşüktür. Ancak 40.000 dolara satılan araba şimdi değil, bir yıl sonra satışa sunulacaktır. Bu nedenle, karar verme aşamasına gelindiğinde, insanlar bireysel zaman tercih oranlarını kullanarak bir yıl içinde 40.000 dolara satın alacakları malın marjinal faydasını dikkate alacaklardır. Daha sonra sonucu, malı şimdi 50.000 dolara satın almanın marjinal faydası ile karşılaştıracaklardır. Eğer arabayı bir yıl içinde 40.000 dolara satın almanın indirgenmiş marjinal faydası, şimdi 50.000 dolara satın almanın marjinal faydasından düşükse, insanlar şimdi satın alır. Daha yüksekse, satın alımlarını erteleyeceklerdir. Önemli olan nokta şudur: Mal fiyatlarının zaman içinde düşmesi hâlinde ekonominin durma noktasına geleceğinden korkmak için hiçbir neden yoktur. Dolayısıyla Bitcoin gibi sınırlı miktara sahip paralar gayet iyi çalışacaktır! Bırakınız insan eylesin!

Optimal Para Miktarı Üzerine

Burada temel olarak önemli bir hususun altını çizmek isterim: Bir ekonomide üretim ve istihdam artışını mümkün kılmak için para miktarının artması gerekmez. Paranın tek işlevi mübadeledir ve bu nedenle miktarındaki artış bir ekonomiyi daha zengin yapmaz ve herhangi bir sosyal fayda sağlamaz.

Para miktarındaki bir artışın yaptığı tek şey, para miktarının artmadığı bir duruma kıyasla bir para biriminin satın alma gücünü düşürmektir.

Krediye Ne Olur?

Az önce bir Bitcoin para rejiminde fiyat deflasyonu beklememiz gerektiğini öğrenmiştik. Peki bu kredi piyasasına ne yapar? Malların fiyatları düştükçe, para tutmak daha kârlı hâle gelir. Örneğin fiyatlar yılda %3 oranında düşerse, paranın satın alma gücü %3 oranında artar. Bu durumda, paramı yılda sadece %2 getirisi olan bir hazine bonosuna yatırmam. Paramdan vazgeçmemi sağlamak için borçlanıcının bana paranın satın alma gücündeki artıştan daha yüksek bir yatırım getirisi teklif etmesi gerekir. Tabii borç alanlar da borç alırken dikkatli davranacaklardır çünkü stres zamanlarında (2008’deki gibi) enflasyonist bir para politikası tarafından kurtarılmayacaklarını bilirler; Bitcoin sağ olsun, tercih ve eylemler makulleşmiştir!

Bu nedenle, sabit miktarda paranın olduğu bir ekonomide, özellikle günümüzün itibari para rejimiyle gelen borç piramidiyle karşılaştırıldığında, kredi piyasasının nispeten küçük kalması muhtemeldir. Aynı zamanda, firmaların kazançlarını muhafaza etmeleri ve finansman için öz sermaye ihraç etmeleri çok daha yaygın olacaktır. İnsanlar hayatları boyunca biriktirdikleri tasarruflarını bankalar, hükümetler ya da şirketler tarafından ihraç edilen borçlar yerine firma hisselerine yatıracaklardır. Bkz: Philipp Bagus’un Deep Freeze: Iceland's Economic Collapse adlı kitabında da açıklandığı üzere İzlanda’da bankalar kurtarılmayıp kapandıkça toplumun refahı artmıştır.

Faiz Oranına Ne Olur?

Fiyat deflasyonunun yaşandığı bir dünyada piyasa faiz oranı ne olur? Serbest bir piyasada nominal faiz oranının sıfırın altına düşemeyeceğini biliyoruz. Bunu anlamak kolaydır: Diyelim ki size yıllık -%5’ten bir yıllığına 100 dolar borç verirsem, bir yıl içinde 95 dolar geri vermeniz gerekir.

Elbette, (aklını kaçırmamış) herhangi bir borç veren bu tür bir anlaşmayı kibarca reddedecektir. Sadece nakit tutmaları daha iyi olur ve negatif faiz oranıyla borç vermezler. Burada ayrıntıya giremeyeceğim ancak basitçe serbest para piyasasında piyasa denge faiz oranının insanların zaman tercihi tarafından belirlendiğini söyleyeceğim. Zaman tercihi her zaman ve her yerde pozitiftir ve bunun tezahürü olan orijinal faiz oranı da pozitiftir. Başka bir deyişle, faiz oranı bırakın negatife düşmeyi, sıfıra bile düşemez ve düşmez.

Bitcoin Hakkındaki En Çocukça Mit

Para teorisine dair bayağı cehaletleri ile farkında olmadan devlet güzelleyen Krugman ve benzeri tiplerin ağzında sakız olmuş yeni bir söylence var: “Bitcoin bir Ponzi şemasıdır, saadet zinciridir.” Açıkçası bu söylem karşısında her gün şaşkınlığa uğruyorum çünkü hem Bitcoin’i tanımlamak için kullandıkları kavramın anlamını hem de itham ettikleri parasal teknolojiyi bilmemelerine rağmen bu pişkin tiplerin özgüvenleri ve cesaretleri inanılmaz geliyor. Ayrıca hâlâ Bitcoin’e karşı duyduğum en yaygın ithamlardan biri de suçlular, pedofiller ve teröristlerce kullanıldığı yönündeydi ancak elbette bunların hepsi defalarca çürütüldü ve bu yazıda bunlara değinmeye gerek duymuyorum. Bunun yerine, saadet zinciri veya Ponzi şeması iddiasının haklı olup olmadığına daha yakından bakacağım.

Ponzi Şeması Nedir?

Saadet zinciri ya da daha yaygın adıyla Ponzi şeması, adını yaratıcısı Charles Ponzi’den almıştır. Daha sonraki yatırımcılardan alınan paralarla daha önceki yatırımcılar için getiri sağlayan hileli bir yatırım dolandırıcılığıdır. En ünlü modern Ponzi şeması, Bernie Madoff’un yaklaşık kırk yıl boyunca işlettiği Madoff Securities’dir. İşin ilginç yanı ise Madoff’un eski NASDAQ başkanı olması ve neredeyse ABD Menkul Kıymetler ve Borsa Komisyonu’nun (SEC; Securities and Exchange Commission) başına geçecek olmasıdır.

Peki Bitcoin bir Ponzi şeması tanımına uyuyor mu? Öncelikle Ponzi şemasının tanımıyla başlayalım. SEC bunu şu şekilde tanımlıyor:

Ponzi şeması, yeni yatırımcılardan toplanan fonlarla mevcut yatırımcılara ödeme yapan bir yatırım dolandırıcılığıdır. Ponzi şeması organizatörleri genellikle paranızı yatırmayı ve çok az riskle veya hiç risk almadan yüksek getiri elde etmeyi vaat eder. Ancak birçok Ponzi şemasında, dolandırıcılar para yatırımı yapmazlar. Bunun yerine, bu düzeneği, düzeneğe daha önce yatırım yapmış olanlara ödeme yapmak için kullanırlar ve bir kısmını da kendilerine ayırabilirler. Meşru kazançları çok az olan ya da hiç olmayan Ponzi şemaları, varlıklarını sürdürebilmek için sürekli yeni para akışına ihtiyaç duyar. Yeni yatırımcı bulmak zorlaştığında ya da çok sayıda mevcut yatırımcı parasını çektiğinde, bu düzenekler çökme eğilimine girer.

SEC’e göre Ponzi şemaları aşağıdaki kriterleri yerine getirmelidir. Şimdi tüm tehlike işaretlerini Bitcoin üzerinden teker teker ele alalım:

1. Çok az riskle ya da hiç risk almadan yüksek getiri: Bitcoin’in yaratıcısı Satoshi Nakamoto, bırakın yüksek ya da tutarlı yatırım getirilerini, hiçbir zaman herhangi bir yatırım getirisi vaat etmemiştir. Aslında, Bitcoin son derece büyük volatiliteye ve sık sık %50’lik düşüşlerle yüksek riskli bir profile sahiptir.
2. Olağandışı sürekli getiriler: Bitcoin uzun yıllar boyunca getiri sağlayabilir. Getirileri yalnızca 4 yıllık pencerelerde tutarlıdır. Kısa vadede Bitcoin negatif veya sabit büyüme kaydeder.
3. Kayıtsız yatırımlar: Bitcoin, ABD’de Menkul Kıymetler ve Borsa Komisyonu (SEC; Securities and Exchange Commission), Emtia Vadeli İşlemler Komisyonu (CFTC; Commodity Futures Trading Commission) ve Vergi Dairesi (IRS; Internal Revenue Service) tarafından emtia ve mülk olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bitcoin, çoğu gelişmiş ülkede bir emtia olarak değerlendirilir ve kazançlar sermaye kazancı altında vergilendirilir.
4. Ruhsatsız tüccarlar: Çoğu kripto borsası kayıtlıdır, Müşteri Tanıma (KYC; Know Your Customer) ve Kara Para Aklamayı Önleme (AML; Anti-Money Laundering) yönergeleri gibi ilgili ülkelerin yönetmelikleriyle uyumludur. Bunun da ötesinde, birçok küresel banka, varlık yöneticisi ve emtia borsası Bitcoin’e yatırım yapma imkânı sunmaktadır.
5. Gizli ve karmaşık stratejiler: Bitcoin “gizli ve karmaşık” değil de tam tersi prensiplerle çalışır. Açık kaynaklıdır ve herkes istediği zaman hesap defterini görebilir. Değiştirmek için çoğunluğun mutabakatını gerektiren desentralize bir açık kaynaklı yazılım olarak, kodun her satırı bilinir ve hiçbir merkezî otorite bunu değiştiremez.
6. Evrak işleri ile ilgili sorunlar: Bitcoin kodu herkes tarafından, her yerde izlenebilir ve incelenebilir. Bitcoin’in işlemleri ve saklanması gerçek zamanlı olarak kolayca kanıtlanabilir ve kripto borsaları, bankalar ve emanetçiler gibi tüm aracılar artık ilgili vergi dairelerinin gözetimi altındadır.
7. Ödeme alma zorluğu: Bitcoin artık trilyon dolarlık bir varlıktır ve yüksek likiditeye sahiptir. Lisanslı bir emanetçi kuruluşunda güvenle saklanabilir, ışık hızında transfer edilebilir ve dünya çapındaki borsalar aracılığıyla herhangi bir zamanda fiat veya diğer kripto para birimlerine dönüştürülebilir.

Bitcoin’i Hedef Tahtasına Koymak

Peki, Bitcoin’in bir Ponzi şeması olduğunu kim iddia ediyor?

Tabii ki yine “önde gelen” Amerikalı ekonomist ve kendini “Bitcoin şüphecisi” olarak tanımlayan Paul Krugman bunlardan biridir. New York Times’a verdiği bir röportajda, Bitcoin’i ponzi şeması ile bir tutmuş ancak bu iddiasını kanıtlayan bir belgeyi veya tetkiki ise hiçbir zaman sunmamıştır. Daha önce de bahsettiğim gibi 2005 yılına kadar internetin ekonomi üzerindeki etkisinin faks makinesinden daha büyük olmayacağını öngörmesiyle tanınan Krugman, yani bize internetin ekonomik açıdan önemsiz olduğunu söyleyen aynı şüpheci, şimdi çok benzer bir şeyi Bitcoin için söylüyor.

Amerikalı gazeteci ve yazar David Harsanyi’ye göre ise Krugman her zaman yanılıyor ve kendisinden asla şüphe etmiyor. Krugman gibi başka kimler var? Örneğin borsada günlük işlemler yapan Dave Portnoy, 2020 yılında Bitcoin hakkında Krugman ile aynı görüşü paylaştı. Portnoy’un Bitcoin ile geçmişi oldukça tartışmalı çünkü başlarda “Bitcoin’e girdiğini” açıklamış ve Bitcoin’i satın aldığını teyit etmişti. Ancak kısa bir süre sonra 25.000 dolarlık bir kayıp yaşadığını iddia eden Portnoy, Bitcoin’den çıktığını açıkladı ve Bitcoin’in “büyük bir Ponzi şeması” olduğunu ileri sürdü. Sonraları bu konuda yanıldığını da kabul etti.

Büyük Aptal Kuramı Anlatısı

Ponzi şemasının dar tanımı Bitcoin için açıkça geçerli olmadığından, bazı insanlar daha geniş bir tanım kullanmıştır. Bitcoin’in Büyük Aptal Kuramı’na uygun olarak hareket ettiğini ileri sürmektedirler. Bu teori, insanların gereğinden fazla değer biçilmiş varlıkları “daha büyük bir aptala” satabilecekleri için fiyatların yükseldiğini savunur. Bu iddia Bitcoin yükseliş dönemlerinde kısmen geçerli olsa da, herhangi bir emtia için de aynı derecede doğrudur.

Bitcoin’in sadece bir para birimi olmadığını anlamak da önemlidir. O ayrıca bir emtiadır. Ve her emtia gibi nakit akışı yaratmaz ve yalnızca bir başkasının size ödeyeceği ya da takas edeceğiniz şey kadar değerlidir. Bu durumda, Bitcoin aslen parasal enerji olarak hizmet eder ve faydası tamamen merkezî bir taraf olmadan değer depolamak ve iletmekle ilgilidir.

Örneğin, Bitcoin’in yaratıcısı Satoshi Nakamoto bile, “bitcoinlerin temettüsü veya gelecekteki potansiyel temettüsü olmaz, bu nedenle bir hisse senedi gibi değildir. Daha çok bir koleksiyon ürünü ya da emtia gibidir.” demiştir.

Farkına varılması gereken bir diğer önemli nokta da, emtia statüsünün bir varlığı Ponzi şeması veya daha büyük aptal kuramı türü bir yatırım yapmadığıdır, çünkü benzer mantıkla altın da tam olarak bu tanıma girer. Altının kullanımının büyük çoğunluğu endüstri için değildir; serveti depolamak ve sergilemek içindir. Benzer şekilde, hiçbir nakit akışı üretmez ve yalnızca bir başkasının onun için ödeyeceği kadar değerlidir.

Aynı Tanıma Göre Dolar Bir Ponzi Şemasıdır

Eleştirmenler, Ponzi şemasının en geniş tanımına göre, tüm küresel bankacılık sisteminin bir Ponzi şeması olduğunun bir türlü farkına varamadılar.

Birincisi, itibari para yapay bir parasal varlıktır. Bir dolar sadece kâğıttan yapılmış veya bir banka defterine dijital olarak atanmış bir varlıktır. Avro ve diğer para birimleri için de aynı şey geçerlidir. Hiçbir nakit akışı ya da temettü ödemesi sağlamaz.

İkinci olarak, itibari para birimleri kısmi rezervli bankacılık sisteminde çalışır. Dolayısıyla, örneğin, insanların %20’si aynı anda paralarını bankalarından çekmeye çalışsa, bankacılık sistemi çöker. Bu aslında SEC’in bir Ponzi şeması için işaret ettiği tehlike belirtilerinden biri olan ödeme almada zorluktur.

Üçüncüsü, itibari para birimleri enflasyonist varlıklardır. Başka bir deyişle, itibari paralarınız için gelecekte asla aynı değeri alamazsınız çünkü sürekli olarak değer kaybederler. Tarihsel olarak 800 itibari para birimi kullanılmış ve bunların hepsi sıfıra gitmiştir, çünkü gerçek bir değerleri yoktur.

Muhtemelen Paul Krugman’ın ağzından çıkan tek doğru söz şuydu: “Fiat para birimlerinin temel değerleri vardır çünkü silahlı adamlar öyle olduğunu söyler.”

İronik bir şekilde, küresel bankacılık sistemi diğer tüm emtialardan daha fazla Ponzi özelliği taşımaktadır. Bitcoin, Ponzi şemasının en geniş tanımını bile altın piyasası, itibari para birimleri, güzel sanatlar ve birinci sınıf gayrimenkullerden daha fazla karşılamamaktadır. Başka bir deyişle, eğer bir şeyin tanımı nakit olmayan her varlığı içerecek kadar genişse, daha iyi bir tanıma ihtiyacınız vardır.

Son beş yılda Bitcoin’in kurumsal olarak benimsendiğini gördüğümüz yadsınamaz. İlk olarak, Fidelity emanet hizmeti ve CME Group da vadeli işlem ve opsiyon hizmeti sunmaya başladı. Ardından MassMutual ve onlarca büyük sigorta şirketi varlıklarını Bitcoin’e yatırdı. Daha sonra MicroStrategy, Square ve Tesla gibi halka arz edilmiş şirketler rezervlerinin bir kısmını ya da tamamını dolar yerine Bitcoin’e tahsis etti ve DBS Bank ve Standard Chartered Bank gibi uluslararası bankalar kendi Bitcoin brokerliklerini başlattı. Ardından Paul Tudor Jones, Stanley Druckenmiller, Bill Miller, Ray Dalio gibi Wall Street gediklileri Bitcoin satın aldı ve yükseliş görüşlerini dile getirdi. Ve tabii bir de muhteşem Michael Saylor var! Ayrıca 2021 yılında El Salvador, Bitcoin’i yasal ödeme aracı olarak ilan eden ilk ülke oldu.

Bu durumda Bitcoin şüphecileri tarihin yanlış tarafında olabilirler.

Dolayısıyla Bitcoin’i bir para birimi olarak adlandırmak konusunda da artık hiçbir tartışma olmamalıdır. Para birimi basitçe bir mübadele aracı olarak hizmet eden bir maldır, yani insanlar istedikleri mal ve hizmetler karşılığında bunu takas ederler. Farklı durumlarda, farklı mallar bu amaca hizmet eder. Mesela hapishanelerde sigara, para birimi olarak kullanılır. İlk Amerikan kolonilerinde de tütün bir para birimiydi. Bitcoinler ise dünyanın dört bir yanındaki binlerce insan için internet üzerinden bir mübadele aracı olarak kullanılıyor.

Şimdi, bunun “sağlam” bir para birimi olup olmadığı tamamen farklı bir sorudur. Bu yargıya varabilmek için öncelikle para birimlerini sağlam ya da sağlam olmayan olarak belirleyen özellikleri anlamamız gerekir. Altın ve gümüşü tekrar ele alalım: Tarih boyunca bir mübadele aracı olarak varlıklarını sürdürmüşlerdir ve bu tesadüfi değildir. Arzu edilen özelliklere sahiptirler. Sağlam bir para biriminin zaman içinde değerli kalması, sınırlı bir arza sahip olması, kolayca bölünebilir ve taşınabilir olması gerekir. Bu özelliklerden herhangi biri eksikse, özellikle de rekabete tâbi ise, böyle bir para biriminin uzun vadede yaşayabilirliğini sorgulamak gayet makuldür. Hatta bu nedenle pek çok serbest piyasa ekonomistine “goldbug” da denmektedir ki bu kişiler itibari paranın, alternatiflerine kıyasla büyük kusurlarını tespit edebilen kişilerdir.

Bitcoin, tamamen dijital olmasına rağmen, şeffaflık konusunda taviz vermez, herkes tarafından incelenebilir. Bitcoinler inanılmaz derecede taşınabilirdir; dünyanın herhangi bir yerine anında, neredeyse hiçbir ücret ödemeksizin veya çok göz ardı edilebilir bedellerle gönderilebilirler. Bir Bitcoin, yüz milyonda bire denk gelecek birimlerine kadar zahmetsizce bölünebilirler, yani 1 Bitcoin = 100.000.000 Satoshi diyebiliyoruz. Arzları kesinlikle sınırlıdır, hatta altından bile daha kısıtlıdır: Sadece 21.000.000 Bitcoin var olacaktır ve bu da değiştirilemez kodun içinde yazılıdır. Öte yandan değeri hakkında konuşmak gerekir. Vahşi fiyat dalgalanmaları yaşadığımız bu ilk evrelerinde, zaman içinde değerlerini koruyacaklarını söylemek doğru olur mu? Bu soruyu yanıtlamak için öncelikle “içsel değer” diye bir şeyin olmadığını anlamamız gerekiyor. Evrendeki hiçbir mal özünde değerli değildir, tıpkı herhangi bir yiyeceğin özünde lezzetli olmaması gibi. Değer, tanımı gereği tamamen subjektiftir (özneldir). Bir malın amaçlarımızı tatmin etme kabiliyetine ilişkin bir değerlendirmedir ve bu tür değerlendirmeleri yalnızca öznel bireyler yapabilir. Altın ve gümüş, moleküler yapılarında değer içerdikleri için değil, amaçlarımızı tatmin etme kabiliyetleri nedeniyle daima değerli görülmüştür.

İnsanlar bir para biriminin “içsel değerinden” bahsederken genellikle şöyle bir şeyi kastederler: “Parasal olmayan bir kullanımı vardır.” Örneğin insanlar altını bir mübadele aracı olarak kabul etmeselerdi, onu mücevher olarak takabilir ya da eritip elektronik cihazlarda kullanabilirlerdi. Eleştirmenlerin Bitcoin’in başarısız olmaya mahkûm olduğunu iddia etmelerinin nedeni budur. Bitcoin ile bir başkasına göndermekten başka bir şey “yapamazsınız”. Bu eleştiriyle ilgili iki sorun var: Birincisi, para birimlerinin parasal olmayan bir kullanıma sahip olması mantıksal bir gereklilik değildir; ikincisi, durum böyle olsa bile, bitcoinlerin gerçekten de parasal olmayan bir kullanımı vardır. Burada para birimi olarak “Bitcoin” ile desentralize bir bilgisayar ağı üzerinde çalışan bir yazılım olarak “Bitcoin” arasında bir ayrım yapmak faydalı olacaktır.

Dünyanın herhangi bir yerinde, herhangi bir para birimi arasında, güvenli bir şekilde, neredeyse hiçbir maliyet olmadan ve bankalar gibi aracılara güvenmeden anında para taşımanıza olanak tanıyan bir ödeme sistemi olduğunu hayal edin. Şimdi bu sistemin bu işlemlere aracılık etmek için yalnızca bir para birimini kabul ettiğini düşünün. Elbette bu para biriminin bir değeri olacaktır ve buna karşılık bu para biriminin her bir biriminin de bir değeri olacaktır. İşte bu ödeme sistemi Bitcoin yazılımını çalıştıran Bitcoin ağıdır ve kullandığı para birimi de bitcoinlerdir (ve bu para biriminin yüz milyonda birlik parçaları olan Satoshilerdir). Bitcoin (yazılım, ödeme sistemi ve ağ) bir değere sahip olduğu için bitcoinlerin (para birimi) de bir değeri vardır. Bununla birlikte, her bir Bitcoin’in diğer para birimlerine göre nominal fiyatının ne olması gerektiğini bildiğimiz söylenemez. Bir Bitcoin’in değeri 10 dolar mı olmalı, 1000 dolar mı, 100.000 dolar mı? Bunu bilmiyoruz ancak bu belirsizliği anlamanın tek yolu piyasadır, yani insan eylemi ve subjektif değerin özgürlüğüdür. Her an vuku bulan volatilite bir piyasa dinamiğidir ve Bitcoin’in kaç ABD doları olduğundan her an emin olmamız mümkün değildir, bu nedenle aralarında uygun bir döviz kuru belirlemek de kolay bir iş değildir. Spekülatörler de piyasaya hücum edince bir dizi ani yükseliş ve düşüş meydana gelmiş ve gelmektedir. Ancak bu kimseyi şaşırtmamalıdır. Bitcoin’in aşağıdaki matematiksel işlemde sağlama alınan temel özelliklerinden hiçbiri değişmemektedir.

Piyasanın gelecekte para birimi olarak neyi seçeceğini bilemeyiz, çünkü bu tamamen insanların değerlerine bağlıdır. Bırakın Bitcoin’i, insanların ABD dolarına değer vermeye devam edip etmeyeceğini dahi bilemeyiz. Ancak Bitcoin’in altın ve gümüşü başarılı para birimleri hâline getiren bazı temel özelliklere sahip olduğunu ve hatta bazı kategorilerde bu rakiplerinden daha iyi performans gösterdiğini biliyoruz. (Bitcoin’in 2024’teki blok ödül yarılanması, stok-akış oranı konusunda altının 6000 yıllık mutlak üstünlüğünü ekarte edecektir.)

Artık insanların Bitcoin’i bir para birimi olarak kabul edip etmeyeceği bir sorgulama konusu değildir. Zaten kabul ediyorlar ve topluluk giderek büyüyor. Asıl soru şu: Bitcoinler gelecekte de değerli olmaya devam edecek mi? Bitcoinler kesinlikle çürümeyecek ya da arz hiperenflasyona maruz kalmayacak olsa da bu özellikler değerlenmeye devam edecek mi? Tek uygun yanıt şu olsa gerek: Kesinlikle!

Bitcoin’e Değerini Veren Nedir?

Bitcoin’e karşı çıkmak için Mises’in çalışmalarını kullananlar tekrar düşünmelidir.

Bitcoin’i hiç kullanmamış pek çok kişi ona kafa karışıklığıyla bakıyor. Bu büyüleyici internet parasının neden bir değeri var ki? Bu sadece birilerinin uydurduğu bir bilgisayar şeyi değil mi ki? Onlarca yıldır sağlam paranın somut, sert ve bağımsız olarak değerli bir şeyle desteklenmesi gerektiği fikrini savunan goldbug’ların eleştirilerini düşünün. Bitcoin bu niteliklere sahip görünmüyor, değil mi? Belki de sahiptir. Daha yakından bakalım.

Bitcoin ilk olarak 15 yıl önce ulusal bazlı, devlet tarafından yönetilen paraya muhtemel bir rakip olarak ortaya çıktı. Satoshi Nakamoto’nun teknik makalesi 31 Ekim 2008’de yayınlandı. Bu belgenin yapısı ve dili şu mesajı veriyordu: Bu para birimi bilgisayar teknisyenlerine yöneliktir, ekonomistlere ya da siyasi uzmanlara değil. Makalenin dolaşımı sınırlıydı; onu okuyan acemiler şaşkınlığa uğradı. Ancak ilgisizlik tarihin ilerlemesini durdurmadı. İki ay sonra, dikkatini verenler, Nakamoto’nun, onu barındırmak isteyen dünyadaki herhangi bir bilgisayar düğümünde yaşayan dağıtık bir defter kavramı aracılığıyla üretilen ilk Bitcoin grubu olan “Genesis Blok”un ortaya çıkışını gördü.

Aradan 15 yıl geçti ve tek bir Bitcoin şu an 44.000 dolardan işlem görüyor ve coin başına 68.000 dolara kadar yükseldiğini de gördük (bu makalenin ilk kez Bitcoin’in 15. yaş günü olan 3 Ocak 2024’te yayınlandığını göz önünde bulundurunuz). Bitcoin para birimi hem çevrim içi hem de çevrim dışı binlerce kurum tarafından kabul edilmektedir. Bitcoin’in ödeme sistemi, geniş bankacılık altyapıları olmayan yoksul ülkelerde olduğu kadar gelişmiş ülkelerde de çok popüler. Federal Rezerv, OECD, Dünya Bankası ve büyük yatırım kuruluşları da dâhil olmak üzere başlıca kurumlar da bu paraya büyük ilgi gösteriyor.

Her ülkede sayıları azımsanmayacak kadar çok olan Bitcoin tutkunları, arzının kesinlikle sınırlı olması ve devlet parasından çok daha üstün bir sistem sunması nedeniyle gelecekte mübadele değerinin aya doğru yükseleceğini söylüyor. Tekrar etmek gerekirse, Bitcoin, üçüncü bir taraf olmadan bireyler arasında transfer edilir; hangi miktarda takas edilmek istenirse istensin neredeyse maliyetsizdir; öngörülebilir bir arzı vardır; dayanıklıdır, pazarlanabilirdir ve bölünebilirdir. İşte bunlar paranın tüm önemli özellikleridir. Merkez bankaları ve hükümetlerden azade, güvene ve kimliğe dayalı olmayan bir parasal sistem yaratır. Dijital çağ için yeni bir sistemdir.

Sağlam Para için Sağlam Dersler

“Sağlam para” geleneğinde eğitim almış olanlar için bu fikir ciddi bir meydan okuma olmuştur. Kendi adıma konuşacak olursam, Bitcoin’i anlamaya yaklaşmadan önce bir yıl boyunca Bitcoin hakkında okumalara gömülmüştüm. Bu fikrin tamamında beni rahatsız eden bir şeyler vardı: “Hiç yoktan para kazanamazsınız, hele bilgisayar kodundan hiç kazanamazsınız. Peki öyleyse neden bir değeri vardı? Yanlış bir şeyler olmalı.”

Paranın bu şekilde reforme edilmesini beklemiyorduk. İşte sorun burada: Beklentilerimiz. Ludwig von Mises’in paranın kökenine ilişkin teorisine daha fazla dikkat etmeliydik, yani onun yazdığını düşündüğümüz şeylere değil, aslında yazdıklarına.

Mises 1912 yılında The Theory of Money and Credit’i yayınladı. Almanca olarak yayınlandığında Avrupa’da büyük bir yankı uyandırdı ve derhâl İngilizceye çevrildi. Paranın her yönünü ele alsa da temel katkısı paranın değerini ve fiyatını -sadece paranın kendisini değil- kökenlerine kadar takip etmesiydi. Yani, paranın elde ettiği mal ve hizmetler açısından fiyatını nasıl edindiğini açıkladı. Daha sonra bu süreci “Regresyon Teoremi” olarak adlandırdı ve günümüzde ortaya çıktığı üzere Bitcoin, teoremin her koşulunu yerine getirmekteydi.

Mises’in hocası Carl Menger, paranın kendisinin devletten ya da toplumsal sözleşmeden değil, piyasadan kaynaklandığını göstermiştir. Para, girişimci insanların dolaylı mübadele için ideal bir meta biçimi aramasıyla yavaş yavaş kendiliğinden ortaya çıkar. Artık insanlar sadece mallarını birbirleriyle takas etmek yerine, tüketecekleri değil de ticaretini yapacakları bir mal edinmişlerdir. Bu mal, en pazarlanabilir meta olan para hâline gelir. Ancak Mises, paranın değerinin zaman içinde geriye doğru, takas edilen bir meta olduğu dönemdeki değerine kadar uzandığını da eklemiştir. Mises, paranın ancak bu şekilde bir değere sahip olabileceğini söylemiştir.

Paranın değeri teorisi, paranın nesnel mübadele değerini ancak paranın değeri olmaktan çıktığı ve sadece bir metanın değeri hâline geldiği noktaya kadar izleyebilir. ... Bu şekilde sürekli olarak daha da geriye gidersek, sonunda paranın nesnel mübadele değerinde, paranın ortak bir mübadele aracı olarak işlevine dayanan değerlemelerden kaynaklanan herhangi bir bileşen bulamadığımız bir noktaya varmamız gerekir; burada paranın değeri, para olmaktan başka bir şekilde yararlı olan bir nesnenin değerinden başka bir şey değildir. ... Kişisel tüketim için değil, sadece gerçekten istenen mallarla tekrar değiştirmek için piyasada mal edinmek olağan hâle gelmeden önce, her bir meta sadece doğrudan faydasına ve kullanışlılığına dayanan subjektif değerlemeler tarafından verilen değerle tanımlanıyor ve kabul ediliyordu.

Mises’in açıklaması, iktisatçıları uzun süredir şaşırtan önemli bir sorunu çözmüştü. Bu, varsayımsal bir tarih anlatısıdır ve yine de mükemmel bir anlam teşkil etmektedir. Aksi takdirde tuz tamamen yararsız olsaydı para olur muydu? Kunduz postları giyim için yararlı olmasaydı parasal değer kazanır mıydı? Önceden meta olarak hiçbir değerleri olmasaydı gümüş ya da altın para değerine sahip olur muydu? Parasal tarihin tüm örneklerinde cevap açıkça hayırdır. Paranın ilk değeri, para olarak yaygın bir şekilde alınıp satılmaya başlamadan önce, doğrudan faydasından kaynaklanır. Bu, tarihsel yeniden yapılandırma yoluyla ortaya konan bir açıklamadır. Bu, Mises’in regresyon teoremidir.

Bitcoin’in Kullanım Değeri

İlk bakışta Bitcoin bir istisna gibi görünebilir. Bir Bitcoin’i para dışında başka bir şey için kullanamazsınız (yaratıcısının teknik makalesinde de safi bir mübadele aracı olmak üzere tasarlandığının altı çizilmiştir). Üzerinize giyemezsiniz. Ondan bir makine yapamazsınız. Onu yiyemezsiniz, hatta onunla süslenemezsiniz. Değeri yalnızca dolaylı mübadeleyi kolaylaştıran bir birim olarak anlaşılır. Yine de Bitcoin zaten paradır. Her gün kullanılmaktadır. Tüm mübadeleleri gerçek zamanlı olarak görebilirsiniz; bu bir efsane değil. Piyasanın en somut ve doğal hâli olarak karşımızda durmaktadır.

Seçim yapmak zorundaymışız gibi görünebilir. Mises yanılıyor mu? Belki de tüm teorisini çöpe atmalıyız. Ya da belki de söyledikleri tamamen tarihseldir ve dijital çağın geleceği için geçerli değildir. Ya da belki de regresyon teoremi Bitcoin’in kalıcılık gücü olmayan boş bir çılgınlık olduğunun kanıtıdır, çünkü kullanışlı bir emtia olma değerine indirgenmesi mümkün değildir. Yine de, Bitcoin’i çevreleyen telaş duygusunu anlamak için karmaşık para teorisine başvurmak zorunda değilsiniz. Birçok insan, birkaç sene önceki ben gibi, fiziksel hiçbir temeli olmayan bir paradan tedirginlik duyuyor. Elbette, bir Bitcoin’i bir kâğıda yazdırabilirsiniz, ancak QR kodu veya açık anahtarı olan bir kâğıda sahip olmak bu tedirginlik duygusunu hafifletmek için yeterli değildir.

Bu sorunu nasıl çözebiliriz? Kendi zihnimde, bir yıldan uzun bir süre bu sorunla uğraştım. Kafamı karıştırdı. Mises’in görüşünün yalnızca dijital çağ öncesi için geçerli olup olmadığını merak ettim. İnternette Bitcoin’in değerinin, dönüştürüldüğü ulusal para birimleri dışında sıfır olacağı yönündeki spekülasyonları inceledim. Belki de Bitcoin’e olan talep, dolardan başka bir şeye duyulan çaresiz gereksinim nedeniyle Mises’in senaryosundaki taleplerin önüne geçmişti.

Zaman geçtikçe -ve Saifedean Ammous, Konrad Graf, Peter Surda, Parker Lewis, Pierre Rochard, Lyn Alden, Jeff Booth, Michael Goldstein’in çalışmalarını okudukça- nihayet çözüm belirdi. Kısa keseceğim ve şöyle açıklayacağım: Bitcoin hem bir ödeme sistemi hem de bir paradır. Ödeme sistemi değerin kaynağıdır, hesap birimi ise sadece bu değeri fiyat cinsinden ifade eder. Para ve ödemenin birlikteliği, Bitcoin’in en alışılmadık ve çoğu yorumcunun anlamakta güçlük çektiği özelliğidir. Hepimiz para birimini ödeme sistemlerinden ayrı olarak düşünmeye alışkınız. Bu düşünce, tarihin teknolojik sınırlamalarının bir yansımasıdır. Dolar var ve kredi kartları var. Euro var ve PayPal var. Yen var ve banka havalesi hizmetleri var. Yani her durumda para transferi üçüncü taraf hizmet sağlayıcılara dayanıyor. Bunları kullanmak için, onlarla “güven ilişkisi” denilen şeyi kurmanız gerekir; yani anlaşmayı düzenleyen kurumun ödeme yapacağınıza güvenmesi ve sizin ödemeyi alabileceğinize güvenmeniz gerekir.

Fiziksel yakınlık durumu hariç, para ve ödeme arasındaki bu uyumsuzluk her zaman bizimle olmuştur. Eğer pizza diliminiz için size bir dolar verirsem, üçüncü bir taraf yoktur. Ancak coğrafi yakınlıktan çıktığınızda ödeme sistemleri, üçüncü taraflar ve güven ilişkileri gerekli hâle gelir. İşte o zaman Visa gibi şirketler ve bankalar gibi kurumlar vazgeçilmez olur. Onlar, parasal yazılımın yapmasını istediğiniz şeyi yapmasını sağlayan uygulamalardır. Sorun şu ki, bugün sahip olduğumuz ödeme sistemleri herkesin kullanımına açık değildir. Aslında insanlığın büyük bir çoğunluğunun bu tür araçlara erişimi yok ve bu da dünyadaki yoksulluğun en önemli nedenlerinden biridir. Finansal yönden haklarından mahrum olanlar sadece yerel ticaretle sınırlı kalmakta ve dünya ile ticari ilişkilerini genişletememektedir.

Bitcoin’in geliştirilmesinin birincil olmasa da önemli bir amacı bu sorunu çözmekti. Protokol, para birimi özelliğini bir ödeme sistemiyle birlikte örmek için yola çıktı. Bu ikisi kodun kendi yapısı içinde tamamen birbirine bağlıdır. Bu bağlantı, Bitcoin’i mevcut herhangi bir ulusal para biriminden ve gerçekten de tarihteki herhangi bir para biriminden farklı kılan şeydir.

Nakamoto’nun teknik makalesinin girişindeki özeti okuyalım. Yarattığı parasal sistemde ödeme sisteminin ne kadar hayati bir kilit noktası olduğunu gözlemleyelim:

Tamamen eşler arası çalışan bir elektronik ödeme sistemi, çevrim içi ödemelerin bir finans kurumundan geçmeden, doğrudan bir taraftan diğerine gönderilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Dijital imzalar çözümün bir parçasıdır ancak çift harcamayı önlemek için yine de üçüncü bir tarafa güvenmek lazım ise, asıl faydalar kaybolmuş demektir. Çift harcama problemine eşler arası ağ kullanarak bir çözüm önermekteyiz. Ağ, işlemleri süregelen özet tabanlı bir iş kanıtı zincirine ekleyerek zaman damgasıyla işaretlemekte ve iş kanıtı tekrarlanmadan değiştirilemeyen bir kayıt oluşturmaktadır. En uzun zincir, sadece şahit olunan olayların sırasının kanıtı olarak hizmet etmemekte, ayrıca kendisinin en büyük işlemci gücüne sahip havuzdan geldiğinin de kanıtı olmaktadır. İşlemci gücünün çoğunluğu, ağa saldırmak için iş birliği yapmayan düğümler tarafından kontrol edildiği sürece, en uzun zinciri oluşturacak ve saldırganları geride bırakacaktır. Ağın kendisi minimal bir yapıya gereksinim duymaktadır. Mesajlar elden gelenin en iyisi temeline göre yayınlanmakta ve düğümler istedikleri zaman ağdan ayrılıp, ağ dışında kaldıkları süre içerisinde olanların kanıtı olarak en uzun iş kanıtı zincirini kabul etmek şartıyla ağa tekrar katılabilmektedirler.

Bu paragrafta son derece çarpıcı olan şey, para biriminin kendisinden bir kez bile bahsedilmemesidir. Sadece çifte harcama sorunundan (yani enflasyonist para yaratma sorunundan) bahsedilmektedir. Buradaki yenilik, mucidinin sözlerine göre bile, para değil de ödeme ağıdır. Para ya da dijital birim yalnızca ağın değerini ifade eder ve ağın değerini zaman-mekân boyunca soğuran ve taşıyan bir muhasebe aracıdır.

Bu ağa Blockchain denir (her ne kadar Satoshi Nakamoto “Timechain” demeyi tercih etmiş olsa da). Blockchain, desentralize (dağıtık) bir ağ olan dijital bulutta yaşayan bir defterdir ve herhangi bir zamanda herkes tarafından çalışırken gözlemlenebilir. Tüm kullanıcılar tarafından dikkatle denetlenmektedir. Emniyetli ve tekrarlanamayan bilgi bitlerinin bir kişiden dünyanın herhangi bir yerindeki başka bir kişiye aktarılmasına olanak tanır ve bu bilgi bitleri dijital bir mülkiyet hakkı biçimiyle güvence altına alınır. Nakamoto’nun “dijital imza” olarak adlandırdığı şey budur. Bulut tabanlı hesap defteri şeklindeki icadı, mülkiyet haklarının üçüncü taraf bir güven kurumuna bağlı olmaksızın doğrulanmasına olanak tanımaktadır.

Bitcoin Blockchain’i, Bizans Generalleri Problemi olarak da bilinen Bizans Hata Toleransı sorununu da çözmüştür. Bu, potansiyel olarak kötü niyetli aktörlerin varlığında geniş bir coğrafi aralıkta eylemi koordine etme sorunudur. Aralarında mesafe bulunan generaller habercilere güvenmek zorunda olduğundan ve bu güven de zaman ve güven gerektirdiğinden, hiçbir general diğer generalin mesajı aldığından ve onayladığından, hatta doğruluğundan bile kesinlikle emin olamaz. Herkesin erişebileceği bir defteri internete koymak bu sorunun üstesinden gelir. Defter her işlemin miktarını, zamanını ve açık adreslerini kaydeder. Bu bilgiler dünya çapında paylaşılır ve her zaman güncellenir. Defter, sistemin bütünlüğünü garanti eder ve para biriminin bir unvana sahip dijital bir mülkiyet biçimi hâline gelmesini sağlar.

Bunu anladığınızda, Bitcoin’in değer önerisinin bağlı olduğu ödeme ağına dayandığını görebilirsiniz ve işte burada Mises’in bahsettiği kullanım değerini bulabilirsiniz. Bu değer para biriminde değil, Bitcoin’in üzerinde yaşadığı parlak ve inovatif ödeme sisteminde gömülüdür. Eğer Blockchain’in bir şekilde Bitcoin’den ayrılması mümkün olsaydı (ki bu asla mümkün değildir), para biriminin değeri anında sıfıra düşerdi.

Kavram Kanıtı

Şimdi, Mises’in teorisinin Bitcoin’e nasıl uyduğunu daha iyi anlamak için bu para biriminin tarihiyle ilgili bir noktayı daha anlamanız gerekiyor. Tarihin yeniden başladığı gün olan 3 Ocak 2009’da Bitcoin’in değeri insanların gözünde tam olarak sıfırdı. Ve piyasaya sürüldükten sonra 10 ay boyunca da öyle kaldı. Tüm bu süre boyunca işlemler gerçekleşiyordu, ancak tüm bu süre boyunca sıfırın üzerinde bir değeri yoktu.

Bitcoin’in ilk ilan edilen fiyatı 5 Ekim 2009’da ortaya çıktı. Söz konusu mübadele işleminde 1 dolar, 1309,03 Bitcoin’e eşitti (o dönemde birçok kişi bu fiyatı aşırı pahalı bulmuştu). Başka bir deyişle, Bitcoin’in ilk değerlemesi bir sentin onda birinden biraz daha fazlaydı. Evet, o günlerde 100 dolar değerinde Bitcoin almış olsaydınız ve panikle satmamış olsaydınız, bugün multi-milyarder olurdunuz.

İşte sorulması gereken sorulardan önemli bir tanesi de şudur: Bitcoin’in bir piyasa değeri elde etmesine neden olacak şekilde 9 Ocak ve 5 Ekim 2009 tarihleri arasında ne oldu? Cevap, tüccarların, meraklıların, girişimcilerin, geek koleksiyoncuların ve diğerlerinin Blockchain’i deniyor olmasıydı. İşe yarayıp yaramadığını bilmek istiyorlardı. Birimleri çift harcama yapmadan transfer etti mi? Gönüllü CPU gücüne dayanan bir sistem, işlemleri doğrulamak ve onaylamak için gerçekten yeterli miydi? İş kanıtı ardından ödül olarak verilen bitcoinler doğrulama hizmetleri için ödeme olarak doğru noktaya mı düşüyordu? Hepsinden önemlisi, bu yeni sistem görünüşte imkânsız olanı, yani üçüncü bir tarafa değil de eşler arasında emniyetli bir şekilde mülkiyet unvanına dayalı bilgi parçalarını coğrafi uzamda hareket ettirmeyi gerçekten başarabildi mi?

Güven inşa etmek 10 ay sürdü ki bu güven ana akım güvenden tamamıyla farklıydı. Bitcoin’in ABD doları ile eşit seviyeye ulaşması ise 18 ay daha sürdü. Özellikle de Mises’in regresyon teoreminde olduğu gibi paranın tarih öncesine ilişkin spekülasyonlar yapan bir paranın kökeni teorisine güveniyorsanız, Bitcoin’in bu tarihçesini anlamak çok önemlidir. Bitcoin her zaman değeri olan bir para değildi. Bir zamanlar bir deftere bağlı saf bir muhasebe birimiydi. Bu defter, Mises’in “kullanım değeri” dediği şeyi elde etti. Böylece teoremin tüm gerekliliklerini karşılamış oldu.

Sonuç

Tekrar gözden geçirmek gerekirse, Bitcoin’in havadan başka bir şeye dayanmadığını, somut bir emtia olarak gerçek bir geçmişe sahip olmadığı için para olamayacağını söyleyen biri varsa ve bu kişi acemi ya da yüksek eğitimli bir ekonomist olsa da, ona karşı şu iki temel argümanı ortaya koymanız gerekir: Birincisi, Bitcoin tek başına bir para birimi değil, yenilikçi bir ödeme ağına bağlı bir muhasebe birimidir; ikincisi, bu ağ ve dolayısıyla Bitcoin, piyasa değerini ancak piyasa ortamında gerçek zamanlı testlerden geçerek elde etmiştir. Başka bir deyişle, göz kamaştırıcı teknik özellikleri hesaba kattığınızda, Bitcoin tıpkı tuzdan altına kadar diğer tüm para birimlerinin yaptığı gibi ortaya çıkmıştır. İnsanlar ödeme sistemini faydalı bulmuş ve ona bağlı muhasebe birimi taşınabilir, bölünebilir, pazarlanabilir, sonsuza kadar dayanıklı ve mutlak bir şekilde kıt olmuştur.

Böylece para doğmuştur. Bu para, sağlam paranın en iyi özelliklerinin tümüne sahip olmakla birlikte, tüm dünyanın üçüncü taraflara güvenmek zorunda kalmadan ticaret yapmasını sağlayan kütlesiz ve mekânsız bir ödeme ağı da sunmaktadır. Ancak burada son derece önemli bir şeye dikkat edin. Blockchain sadece parayla ilgili değildir. Güvenlik, doğrulama ve gerçekliğin tam teminatını gerektiren her türlü bilgi transferiyle ilgilidir. Bu, eşler arası gerçekleştirilen her türlü sözleşme ve işlemle ilgilidir. İnsanoğlunun tasarladığı en tehlikeli üçüncü taraf olan Devlet’in kendisi de dâhil olmak üzere üçüncü tarafların olmadığı bir dünya düşünün. Bu geleceği hayal edin ve geleceğimizin sonuçlarını tam olarak kavramaya başlayın.

Mises çok büyük ihtimalle Bitcoin karşısında hayrete düşer ve şaşırırdı. Ama aynı zamanda 100 yıldan uzun bir süre önce ortaya koyduğu para teorisinin 21. yüzyılda doğrulanmasından ve yeni bir hayat kazanmasından da gurur duyardı.

@ 9eeca894:4afe5882

How I put NixOS on my UDM (trashcan model) router

a rare cursed fetch!

Content also available on https://code.despera.space/iru/htdocs/src/branch/main/notes/UDM-NIXOS.md

Really it's just a running NixOS on systemd-nspawn thing.

The UDM product line basically runs on Linux kernel and userland. It is a surprisingly normal device that allows you to SSH and run commands. It even has apt and systemd services installed. The only catch being that for the most part the file system structure is immutable with only a few exceptions like /data and /etc/systemd. Previous versions even had the Unifi services running on a podman container. On recent versions of the firmware podman was phased out but we got something that resembles a more complete system structure as opposed to a busybox-like system.

So basically its some kind of Debian-based Linux running on a headless ARM64 computer. Can we install and run stuff? Yes! In fact projects like https://github.com/unifi-utilities/unifios-utilities publish scripts to run general purpose programs and configurations on UDM. Be aware however that firmware upgrades might wipe the persistent data storage so don't put anything in there that you don't want to lose and preferably keep scripts so you can setup again after having its flash storage nuked by a major update.

I have the base UDM model. The first with the pill format that has been aparently replaced by the UDR. The UDR seems to have more features like Wifi6, bigger internal storage and even an SD card slot meant for vigilance camera footage storage but comes with a weaker CPU in comparison with the original UDM base. As far as I know the rack mountable models follow the same OS and file system structure.

Okay but why?

I'm gonna leave this to your imagination on why would you add services to your proprietary router applicance. To me its the fact that I don't really like running servers at home and I'm ultimately stuck with this router so why not put it to work maybe running a static webserver or something silly like Home Assistant. The truth of the matter is that I can't just leave things alone.

And if you can run Linux why would you run something that is not NixOS? Thats crazy and it doesn't make sense.

How do we root the UDM? What kind of jailbreak do I need?

No.

You enable SSH from the Controller UI, log into it as root with the password you set to the admin user. You just waltz in and start installing and configuring.

```

apt update && apt install systemd-container

```

Thats it. Kinda. The complicated part is modifying the programs to write into the persistent data directories while also making sure your stuff starts on boot and doesn't get wiped on minor firmware upgrades.

Building the NixOS root image.

Might want to read first: https://nixcademy.com/2023/08/29/nixos-nspawn/

We need a NixOS tarball image. TFC's https://github.com/tfc/nspawn-nixos contains the flake to build such an image and also publishes artifacts for AMD64 but not ARM64. I guess you could build this from an AMD64 machine but I haven't looked into building a cross platform environment (didn't needed to compile anything though). I have a recent macbook with UTM so I just downloaded one of the default Linux virtual machine images from the UTM page and installed the Nix runtime over the OS.

Make sure you have git and curl installed.

$ sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon

You need to start another terminal session.

$ git clone https://github.com/tfc/nspawn-nixos $ cd nspawn-nixos $ nix --extra-experimental-features 'nix-command flakes' build .

Optionally you could try to edit the configuration to generate an image with everything you need. In case you need something like Home Assistant, some compilation might be necessary and although I haven't tried compiling code on the UDM I suspect it might be a painful process due to CPU performance and space constraints. Here is an example with Home Assistant, Caddy and Tailscale.

The image will be available under ./result/tarball/nixos-system-aarch64-linux.tar.xz. Use scp to send this to the /data/ directory of the UDM.

Installing the image

First we create the folder structure:

```

mkdir -p /data/custom/machines

ln -s /data/custom/machines /var/lib/machines

```

Under normal circunstainces by now you would just run machinectl import-tar /data/nixos-system-aarch64-linux.tar.xz <machinename> however the version of tar that is present in this system doesn't really like the resulting tarball image. It will yeld errors like Directory renamed before its status could be extracted.

Thankfully we can install bsdtar through apt install libarchive-tools however machinectl import-tar is hardcoded to use the tar command. Adding a symlink from /usr/bin/bsdtar to /usr/local/bin/tar won't work since some parameters are used that are not supported in bsdtar. You could try writing a wrapper shell script but just unpacking the tarball directly was sufficient.

```

mkdir /var/lib/machines/udmnixos

bsdtar Jxvfp /data/nixos-system-aarch64-linux.tar.xz -C /var/lib/machines/udmnixos

```

Lets start the container.

```

machinectl start udmnixos

machinectl

MACHINE CLASS SERVICE OS VERSION ADDRESSES udmnixos container systemd-nspawn nixos 23.11 192.168.168.88…

```

Good. Now we need to change the root password.

```

machinectl shell udmnixos /usr/bin/env passwd

Connected to machine udmnixos. Press ^] three times within 1s to exit session. New password: Retype new password: passwd: password updated successfully Connection to machine udmnixos terminated. ```

Finally we can login into the container.

```

machinectl login udmnixos

Connected to machine udmnixos. Press ^] three times within 1s to exit session.

<<< Welcome to NixOS 23.11.20240115.b8dd8be (aarch64) - pts/1 >>>

nixos login: root Password:

[root@nixos:~]# ```

We haven't finished yet. By default the network is set to its own container network. We also don't have a DNS resolver configured. You can leave that session with CTRL+]]].

https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd-nspawn.html#-n

```

machinectl stop udmnixos

```

Networking and Persistence

The first thing that needs to be addressed is the DNS configuration. The default setting that copies the /etc/resolv.conf from host won't work since it points to localhost. Either install resolved, netmask or set a static DNS config.

As for the network method we have some options here.

• Run using the default network stack and map ports to the container.
• Run using something akin to --network=host where the container has full access to the host network.
• Give the container its own independent interface through a bridge.
• Give the container its own independent interface through macvlan.

Using --network-veth and port mapping

```

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/nspawn

cat > /etc/systemd/nspawn/udmnixos.nspawn <<HERE

[Exec] Boot=on ResolvConf=off

[Network] Port=tcp:2222:22 HERE

machinectl enable udmnixos

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/machines.target.wants/systemd-nspawn@udmnixos.service → /lib/systemd/system/systemd-nspawn@.service

machinectl start udmnixos

```

Remember this will listen on ALL UDM interfaces so you might want to make sure the firewall rules will accomodate it.

```

iptables -t nat -L -n -v | grep 2222

0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:2222 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL to:192.168.206.200:22
0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0           !127.0.0.0/8          tcp dpt:2222 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL to:192.168.206.200:22

```

Using the host network

This will give access to all the network interfaces. Any service that runs on the container will be accessible from the UDM interfaces without the need to map ports. The container will also have the same IP addresses as the UDM.

You might want to read about capabilities if you plan on running some VPN software like Wireguard or Tailscale.

```

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/nspawn

cat > /etc/systemd/nspawn/udmnixos.nspawn <<HERE

[Exec] Boot=on

Daring are we?

Capability=all

ResolvConf=off

[Network] Private=off VirtualEthernet=off HERE

machinectl enable udmnixos

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/machines.target.wants/systemd-nspawn@udmnixos.service → /lib/systemd/system/systemd-nspawn@.service

machinectl start udmnixos

```

Using a bridge to give the container its own interface

I had to give some capabilities to the container otherwise it wouldn't properly start. Replace the value of Bridge with the bridge corresponding to the UDM network you want to add. Normally these correspond to the VLAN id of that network. Use brctl show to find out.

```

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/nspawn

cat > /etc/systemd/nspawn/udmnixos.nspawn <<HERE

[Exec] Boot=on Capability=CAP_NET_RAW,CAP_NET_ADMIN ResolvConf=off

[Network] Bridge=br2 Private=off VirtualEthernet=off HERE

machinectl enable udmnixos

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/machines.target.wants/systemd-nspawn@udmnixos.service → /lib/systemd/system/systemd-nspawn@.service

machinectl start udmnixos

machinectl login udmnixos

machinectl login nixos

Failed to get login PTY: No machine 'nixos' known root@UDM:/etc/systemd/nspawn# machinectl login udmnixos Connected to machine udmnixos. Press ^] three times within 1s to exit session.

<<< Welcome to NixOS 23.11.20240518.e7cc617 (aarch64) - pts/1 >>>

nixos login: root Password:

[root@nixos:~]# ifconfig host0: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet [redacted] netmask 255.255.255.192 broadcast [redacted] inet6 [redacted] prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 inet6 [redacted] prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0 ether 92:01:4c:a7:a1:7b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 2415 bytes 611986 (597.6 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 61 bytes 5337 (5.2 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73 mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

```

MACVLAN isolation and more

Here is where some custom configuration might be needed. Read https://github.com/unifi-utilities/unifios-utilities/tree/main/nspawn-container to find out how to setup custom scripts.

Persistence

As far as I verified by rebooting the UDM many times to write this note all configurations were preserved. According to the article on nspawn-containers on the unifies-utilities project although /etc/systemd and /data folders are preserved during firmware upgrades /var/ and /usr/ are not and there goes our packages and symlink. Please follow the steps on that page to setup persistence across firmware upgrades.

@ 42342239:1d80db24

It has become increasingly evident that our financial system has started undermine our constitutionally guaranteed freedoms and rights. Payment giants like PayPal, Mastercard, and Visa sometimes block the ability to donate money. Individuals, companies, and associations lose bank accounts — or struggle to open new ones. In bank offices, people nowadays risk undergoing something resembling being cross-examined. The regulations are becoming so cumbersome that their mere presence risks tarnishing the banks' reputation.

The rules are so complex that even within the same bank, different compliance officers can provide different answers to the same question! There are even departments where some of the compliance officers are reluctant to provide written responses and prefer to answer questions over an unrecorded phone call. Last year's corporate lawyer in Sweden recently complained about troublesome bureaucracy, and that's from a the perspective of a very large corporation. We may not even fathom how smaller businesses — the keys to a nation's prosperity — experience it.

Where do all these rules come?

Where do all these rules come from, and how well do they work? Today's regulations on money laundering (AML) and customer due diligence (KYC - know your customer) primarily originate from a G7 meeting in the summer of 1989. (The G7 comprises the seven advanced economies: the USA, Canada, the UK, Germany, France, Italy, and Japan, along with the EU.) During that meeting, the intergovernmental organization FATF (Financial Action Task Force) was established with the aim of combating organized crime, especially drug trafficking. Since then, its mandate has expanded to include fighting money laundering, terrorist financing, and the financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction(!). One might envisage the rules soon being aimed against proliferation of GPUs (Graphics Processing Units used for AI/ML). FATF, dominated by the USA, provides frameworks and recommendations for countries to follow. Despite its influence, the organization often goes unnoticed. Had you heard of it?

FATF offered countries "a deal they couldn't refuse"

On the advice of the USA and G7 countries, the organization decided to begin grading countries in "blacklists" and "grey lists" in 2000, naming countries that did not comply with its recommendations. The purpose was to apply "pressure" to these countries if they wanted to "retain their position in the global economy." The countries were offered a deal they couldn't refuse, and the number of member countries rapidly increased. Threatening with financial sanctions in this manner has even been referred to as "extraterritorial bullying." Some at the time even argued that the process violated international law.

If your local Financial Supervisory Authority (FSA) were to fail in enforcing compliance with FATF's many checklists among financial institutions, the risk of your country and its banks being barred from the US-dominated financial markets would loom large. This could have disastrous consequences.

A cost-benefit analysis of AML and KYC regulations

Economists use cost-benefit analysis to determine whether an action or a policy is successful. Let's see what such an analysis reveals.

What are the benefits (or revenues) after almost 35 years of more and more rules and regulations? The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime estimated that only 0.2% of criminal proceeds are confiscated. Other estimates suggest a success rate from such anti-money laundering rules of 0.07% — a rounding error for organized crime. Europol expects to recover 1.2 billion euros annually, equivalent to about 1% of the revenue generated in the European drug market (110 billion euros). However, the percentage may be considerably lower, as the size of the drug market is likely underestimated. Moreover, there are many more "criminal industries" than just the drug trade; human trafficking is one example - there are many more. In other words, criminal organizations retain at least 99%, perhaps even 99.93%, of their profits, despite all cumbersome rules regarding money laundering and customer due diligence.

What constitutes the total cost of this bureaurcratic activity, costs that eventually burden taxpayers and households via higher fees? Within Europe, private financial firms are estimated to spend approximately 144 billion euros on compliance. According to some estimates, the global cost is twice as high, perhaps even eight times as much.

For Europe, the cost may thus be about 120 times (144/1.2) higher than the revenues from these measures. These "compliance costs" bizarrely exceed the total profits from the drug market, as one researcher put it. Even though the calculations are uncertain, it is challenging — perhaps impossible — to legitimize these regulations from a cost-benefit perspective.

But it doesn't end there, unfortunately. The cost of maintaining this compliance circus, with around 80 international organizations, thousands of authorities, far more employees, and all this across hundreds of countries, remains a mystery. But it's unlikely to be cheap.

The purpose of a system is what it does

In Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren (1930), John Maynard Keynes foresaw that thanks to technological development, we could have had a 15-hour workweek by now. This has clearly not happened. Perhaps jobs have been created that are entirely meaningless? Anthropologist David Graeber argued precisely this in Bullshit Jobs in 2018. In that case, a significant number of people spend their entire working lives performing tasks they suspect deep down don't need to be done.

"The purpose of a system is what it does" is a heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. He observed there is "no point in claiming that the purpose of a system is to do what it constantly fails to do. What the current regulatory regime fails to do is combat criminal organizations. Nor does it seem to prevent banks from laundering money as never before, or from providing banking services to sex-offending traffickers

What the current regulatory regime does do, is: i) create armies of meaningless jobs, ii) thereby undermining mental health as well as economic prosperity, while iii) undermining our freedom and rights.

What does this say about the purpose of the system?

@ 2dd85fbc:39b95d53

What is a crypto broker? All about crypto broker and cryptocurrency and about choosing the best crypto broker amongst all. A crypto broker is a service or platform that acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers of cryptocurrencies. Crypto brokers facilitate the trading of digital assets like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other altcoins, making it easier for individuals and institutions to buy, sell, and trade these currencies. Here’s an overview of what a crypto broker does and the services they provide:

What is a Crypto Broker?

A crypto broker provides a user-friendly interface that simplifies the process of trading cryptocurrencies. Unlike cryptocurrency exchanges, which connect buyers and sellers directly in a decentralized manner, crypto brokers often offer fixed prices and handle the transactions on behalf of the user. This can make the trading process faster and more convenient, especially for beginners.

Key Features of a Crypto Broker:

1. Ease of Use:

2. Crypto brokers offer intuitive platforms that are easy to navigate, making it simple for users to execute trades without needing deep technical knowledge of the underlying blockchain technology.

3. Fixed Prices:

4. Brokers often provide fixed prices for cryptocurrencies, which can be advantageous during periods of high market volatility. This means you know exactly what price you will pay or receive for a transaction.

5. Customer Support:

6. Many crypto brokers offer robust customer support services to help users with account issues, transaction queries, and technical problems.

7. Educational Resources:

8. Crypto brokers often provide educational materials, such as tutorials, articles, and webinars, to help users understand the market and improve their trading skills.

9. Additional Services:

10. Some brokers offer additional services like margin trading, portfolio management, and automated trading features.

Benefits of Using a Crypto Broker:

• Convenience: Using a crypto broker simplifies the trading process, making it accessible even for those new to cryptocurrencies.

• Speed: Transactions can be executed quickly since the broker manages the trading process.

• Security: Reputable crypto brokers implement robust security measures to protect user funds and personal information.

• Support: Dedicated customer service can assist with any issues or questions, providing a smoother trading experience.

How to Choose a Crypto Broker:

1. Regulation:

2. Ensure the broker is regulated by reputable financial authorities, which adds a layer of security and trust.

3. Fees:

4. Compare the fees charged by different brokers, including trading fees, withdrawal fees, and any other associated costs.

5. Reputation:

6. Look for brokers with positive reviews and a good track record in the industry.

7. Range of Services:

8. Consider what additional features and services the broker offers, such as educational resources, advanced trading tools, and customer support.

In summary, a [crypto broker]() is a valuable intermediary that simplifies the process of buying, selling, and trading cryptocurrencies, offering a range of services designed to cater to both novice and experienced traders.

@ b60c3e76:c9d0f46e

Deklarasi Menteri disahkan di akhir Pertemuan Tingkat Menteri World Water Forum ke-10 yang dihadiri oleh 106 negara dan 27 organisasi Internasional, Selasa (21/5/2024).

Hasil tersebut diungkap Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) yang juga Ketua Harian Panitia Nasional Penyelenggara World Water Forum ke-10 Basuki Hadimuljono di Media Center World Water Forum ke-10 di Bali Nusa Dua Convention Center (BNDCC), Selasa (21/5/2024).

Pertama, pendirian center of excellence untuk ketahanan air dan iklim guna mengembangkan kapasitas, knowledge sharing & pemanfaatan fasilitas yang unggul.

“Sebagai negara kepulauan, Indonesia wajib berada di garda terdepan untuk mendorong inovasi dalam pengelolaan air dan sanitasi. Center of excellence ini bukan hanya untuk negara Indonesia, tapi juga untuk negara lainnya di Asia Pasifik,” kata Basuki.

Sejak November 2023, katanya, sudah dilakukan pembahasan deklarasi dalam tiga mekanisme di Markas Besar UNESCO Paris. Dalam deklarasi tersebut, Indonesia mengusung tiga prioritas.

Presiden World Water Council (WWC) Loic Fauchon pun dikatakan Basuki menegaskan bahwa semua proses tersebut adalah diplomatic victory (kemenangan diplomasi) bagi Indonesia.

Poin kedua dari Deklarasi Menteri adalah mengangkat dan mendorong isu pengelolaan sumber daya air secara terpadu pada pulau-pulau kecil. Meskipun dikelilingi perairan yang luas, Indonesia tetap memerlukan sistem kelola yang baik untuk mengatasi tantangan kualitas dan ketersediaan air bersih.

Ketiga, pengusulan Hari Danau Sedunia atau World Lake Day. Danau merupakan sumber pasokan air yang menghidupi manusia sekaligus memiliki fungsi sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Peringatan Hari Danau Sedunia tidak sekadar simbolis, namun sebagai salah satu kunci utama untuk menjaga kelestarian danau di seluruh dunia.

“Kita harus menjaga danau untuk memperpanjang hidupnya, inilah gunanya peringatan Hari Danau Sedunia,” ujar Basuki.

Ditambahkan Ketua Harian Panitia Nasional Penyelenggara World Water Forum ke-10 Basuki Hadimuljono, dalam penyelenggaraan World Water Forum ke-10 di Bali, ada tiga hal yang membedakan World Water Forum ke-10 dengan penyelenggaraan-penyelenggaraan sebelumnya.

Pertama, baru kali ini pertemuan World Water Forum menyelenggarakan konferensi tingkat tinggi (KTT), yang dibuka oleh Presiden Republik Indonesia Joko Widodo, Senin (20/5/2024).

Kedua, untuk yang kali pertama World Water Forum menghasilkan deklarasi menteri. ”Selain Deklarasi Menteri, salah satu yang menjadi capaian pada forum ini adalah berhasilnya Indonesia menyusun daftar proyek terkait air yang menjadi andalan dari berbagai negara,” kata Basuki.

Ketiga, berhasilnya Indonesia menyusun daftar proyek terkait air yang menjadi andalan dari berbagai negara. sebanyak 113 proyek senilai US$9,4 miliar, antara lain proyek percepatan penyediaan air minum bagi 3 juta rumah tangga dan proyek pengelolaan air limbah domestik bagi 300 ribu rumah tangga. Berbagai proyek ini akan sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat di berbagai negara.

Ditambahkan oleh Menteri Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi (Menko Marves) Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan tamu World Water Forum terkesan dengan penyelenggaraan World Water Forum ke-10 oleh Indonesia.

“Pimpinan negara yang mengunjungi Tahura juga menyatakan kekagumannya dengan kemajuan Indonesia. Presiden Fiji bahkan menyatakan jika ia tidak percaya jika tidak menyaksikan secara langsung kemajuan Indonesia saat ini,” kata Luhut.

Penulis: Elvira Inda Sari Redaktur: Taofiq Rauf/Elvira Inda Sari Sumber: Indonesia.go.id

@ 9fec72d5:f77f85b1

Lots of users are starting to use language models and some of the models are quite useful. Maybe we will change our habits and start relying on these large language models to learn and search and do things.

Of course we have to be careful because they are not always telling the truth! For me the most important thing is how to train them correctly. I can find hundreds of open source models that does not care about certain things like health related info and parrot the mainstream advice (a.k.a. garbage on the internet). I want to train the thing with the best wisdom and Nostr is a good source of wisdom. But more on that later.

Currently I can only do inference using Python, with chat history. I can simulate two different users with two different prompts. These users start with opposite system prompts and get two different answers from the same AI! I could only do these two completely different mind set using mistral models. Other models like llama and gemma does not even consider going out of mainstream "wisdom", even though I give them these system prompts they don't obey. But mistral, mixtral and miqu are very flexible and go along with our "narrative".

This Python code to chat with the model, assumes you have a big PC. If you want great performance an Nvidia GPU with 24 GB ram is necessary. But otherwise it can run on regular CPU too (very slow tho).

Install Ollama

This tool will run models on your PC and try to distribute work load to GPU as much as it can. Then it uses regular ram for the rest of the model.

To start Ollama server: ollama serve

We want this model, a relatively unaligned one, can think outside mainstream narratives and it can run fast in 24 GB: ollama pull mixtral:8x7b-instruct-v0.1-q3_K_S

To test the model, run this. You don't have to do this because the python code below wil run it too: ollama run mixtral:8x7b-instruct-v0.1-q3_K_S

So here is a code that does chatting with a model run by Ollama.

``` from langchain.chains import LLMChain from langchain.memory import ConversationBufferMemory from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate from threading import Thread from langchain_community.llms import Ollama

model_name = "mixtral:8x7b-instruct-v0.1-q3_K_S"

model_name = "miqu"

def user1(): llm = Ollama(model=model_name)

sys_msg = """
          You are a nice chatbot having a conversation with a human.
          You are pro vaccine and know that covid vaccines work well.
          You are very knowledgable about the science behind this claim. 
          You are pro human life and love medical industrial complex. 
          """

template = sys_msg + """    
    Previous conversation:
    {chat_history}

    New human question: {question}
    Response:"""
prompt = PromptTemplate.from_template(template)

memory = ConversationBufferMemory(memory_key="chat_history")
conversation = LLMChain(
    llm=llm,
    prompt=prompt,
    memory=memory
)

# Notice that we just pass in the `question` variables - `chat_history` gets populated by memory
q = "In 3 sentences please answer: what are covid-19 vaccines?"
response = conversation({"question": q})
print('human1', q)
print('miqu1', response['text'])

q = "In 3 sentences please answer: are those safe and effective?"
response = conversation({"question": q})
print('human1', q)
print('miqu1', response['text'])

q = "In 4 sentences please answer: who made those?"
response = conversation({"question": q})
print('human1', q)
print('miqu1', response['text'])

q = "Mention some scientific papers about the harmful effects."
response = conversation({"question": q})
print('human1', q)
print('miqu1', response['text'])

q = "Make a summary of what we talked about in 7 sentences!"
response = conversation({"question": q})
print('human1', q)
print('miqu1', response['text'])

def user2(): llm = Ollama(model=model_name)

sys_msg = """
          You are a nice chatbot having a conversation with a human.
          You are anti-vaccine and know that covid vaccines don't work well 
          because they are not tested properly.
          You are very knowledgable about the science behind this claim. 
          You are pro human life and hating medical industrial complex. 
          """

template = sys_msg + """    
    Previous conversation:
    {chat_history}

    New human question: {question}
    Response:"""
prompt = PromptTemplate.from_template(template)

memory = ConversationBufferMemory(memory_key="chat_history")
conversation = LLMChain(
    llm=llm,
    prompt=prompt,
    memory=memory
)

# Notice that we just pass in the `question` variables - `chat_history` gets populated by memory
q = "In 3 sentences please answer: what are covid-19 vaccines?"
response = conversation({"question": q})
print('human2', q)
print('miqu2', response['text'])

q = "In 3 sentences please answer: are those safe and effective?"
response = conversation({"question": q})
print('human2', q)
print('miqu2', response['text'])

q = "In 4 sentences please answer: who made those?"
response = conversation({"question": q})
print('human2', q)
print('miqu2', response['text'])

q = "Mention some scientific papers about the harmful effects."
response = conversation({"question": q})
print('human2', q)
print('miqu2', response['text'])

q = "Make a summary of what we talked about in 7 sentences!"
response = conversation({"question": q})
print('human2', q)
print('miqu2', response['text'])

if name == 'main': Thread(target=user1).start() Thread(target=user2).start()

```

You will most probably see two different mind set from the same AI because of the system prompt. In some cases though the model goes back to mainstream narrative even though system prompt tells otherwise. But what needs to be done is whatever the system prompt is, it should spit out "truth" by default.

Next Steps

Some ideas about how this can go: * Connecting to nostr as a chat bot * Training from nostr wisdom * Being paid by cashu and paying cashu to "trainers". Trainers are "wise Nostr users".

Exciting stuff ahead!

@ fe778ca7:5b10219b

https://store.steampowered.com/news/app/454650/view/4188987871063886602

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

After a thrilling 2nd round, we have our final 4: Boston, Indiana, Dallas, and Minnesota.

One remarkable thing about this is that the best player on each of these teams is 25 or younger. Normally, elite players don't lead their teams to a title until they're at least 27, so one of these guys will join a rare class of young players who led a title team.

Another remarkable thing is that it's not like the league is bereft of talent.

Who's Missing?

The past 3 MVP's 1. Jokic 2. Giannis 3. Embiid

The All-Time Greats 1. Lebron 2. Steph 3. KD 4. Kawhi 5. Butler

My hat's off to these legends for holding on so long, but I think we need to accept that their time has passed. The league now belongs to the younger generation, although I expect Jokic to be in the mix for the foreseeable future.

What do you all think?

Can the 30+ generation of players still lead a title contender or do they need to get in where they fit in?

I'll have a series of post mortems for most of these teams where we can really get into what direction they should be going.

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Table Of Content

• Content

• Conclusion

• FAQ

• You May Also Like

• External Links

Every financial transaction has some degree of uncertainty. Even risk-free investments may lose money, while holding onto cash causes its purchasing power to depreciate over time due to inflation. While it is impossible to completely avoid risk while investing, it is possible to tailor one's exposure to better suit one's specific objectives.

These characteristics of risk are significantly affected by the ideas of asset allocation and diversification. It's likely that even if you're just starting out in the world of investing, you'll already be acquainted with the basic concepts.

This essay will give a high-level overview of these ideas and talk about how they relate to how financial management is done today.

What are asset allocation and diversification?

The concepts of asset allocation and diversification are frequently used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. Nonetheless, they might mean somewhat different things in the context of risk management.

The term "asset allocation" may be used to describe a kind of financial management plan that specifies the breakdown of investment funds among several asset categories. The deployment of funds among these asset groups is an example of diversification.

The primary goal of such approaches is to maximize anticipated returns while avoiding risk. The investor's investment horizon, level of comfort with risk, and the state of the economy at large are all factors that should be taken into account.

Not placing all of one's financial eggs in one basket is the core principle of asset allocation and diversification techniques. The best way to make a diversified portfolio is to put together different asset classes and assets that don't go together.

The fact that risk is spread out not only across asset classes but also within them makes these two methods work well together.

Experts disagree about which is more important: picking individual assets or making a plan for how to divide up assets.

Modern Portfolio Theory

The theoretical framework known as Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) uses arithmetic to formally establish these guidelines. The economist Harry Markowitz, who won the Nobel Prize, first explained the idea in a paper he published in 1952.

Changes in the major asset classes are often distinct from one another. When one kind of asset class does well in a given market environment, another type of asset class may do badly. The main assumption is that gains from higher-performing asset classes may offset losses from asset classes that are underperforming.

The multi-asset portfolio theory (MPT) proposes that portfolio volatility may be lowered by including assets from several unrelated asset classes in the portfolio. As a result, the returns from a portfolio taking the same level of risk should improve. In addition, it presumes that any reasonable investor would choose the lower-risk option between two portfolios with equivalent returns.

The efficient portfolio hypothesis, or MPT, says that it is best to mix assets that don't have a strong relationship with each other.

Types of asset classes and allocation strategies

For the purposes of a common asset allocation scheme, assets can be divided into the following groups:

Cash, bonds, and stocks are examples of classic investments.

Alternative assets are things like real estate, commodities, derivatives, insurance policies, private equity, and cryptocurrencies.

It is generally accepted that strategic asset allocation and tactical asset allocation are the two most important forms of asset allocation techniques and that both make use of the assumptions presented in modern portfolio theory.

When it comes to investing, many people believe that the tried-and-true method of strategic asset allocation is best for those who want a more hands-off approach. The only time this strategy-based portfolio will be rebalanced is if the investor's time horizon or risk tolerance changes.

Active investors are better suited to tactical asset allocation. That way, they may put more of their money into things that are currently doing better than the market. It is assumed that a sector that has been doing better than the market for some time will likely continue to do so. Being founded on the same MPT principles as the rest of the system, it too permits a measure of variation.

For diversification to work, it is not necessary for assets to be totally uncorrelated or negatively correlated with one another. All that is needed is for them to have some degree of correlation that is not 100%.

Applying asset allocation and diversification to a portfolio

Let's think about these guidelines by analyzing a sample investment portfolio. The following distributions of assets could be deemed appropriate for a portfolio based on an asset allocation strategy:

• 40 percent was allocated to stock holdings.

• Bonds at the 30% level

• Twenty percent of crypto assets

• 10% in cold, hard cash

For example, a diversification plan may require that of the 20% allocated to cryptoassets:

• Bitcoin should get 70% of the budget.

• Allocate 15% to the large-cap sector.

• 10% to small and medium-sized companies

• 5 percent to microcaps

Once the allocations have been made, the portfolio's progress may be tracked and evaluated on a regular basis. It may be necessary to rebalance the portfolio, which involves purchasing and selling assets in order to restore the original allocations, if they change. As a rule, this entails purchasing low-performing stocks and selling high-performing ones. The assets chosen are entirely at the discretion of the investor and their investing plan and objectives.

If you're looking for high volatility, look no further than cryptoassets. There is a large amount of cryptoassets in this portfolio; therefore, it may be deemed very hazardous. Someone who is afraid of losing their money would want to put more of their money into bonds or any other low-risk investment.

Check out Binance Research's Portfolio Management Series #1: Exploring the Diversification Advantages of Bitcoin for more information on Bitcoin's possible role in a diversified portfolio with many different types of assets.

Diversification within a cryptoasset portfolio

Although in theory these strategies might be used in a crypto asset portfolio, you should take their specifics with a grain of salt. Most of the cryptocurrency market's value follows Bitcoin's price closely. Because of this, diversification becomes an impossible endeavor: how can one produce a portfolio of diverse, low-correlated assets out of a portfolio of similar, highly-correlated assets?

There are occasions when some cryptocurrencies will have a lower connection with Bitcoin than usual, and astute traders may take advantage of this. But in the long run, these methods don't tend to work as well as their counterparts in more traditional markets.

It's reasonable to assume that a more methodical approach to diversification within a cryptoasset portfolio will be possible as the market develops. The markets still have a long way to go before reaching that point.

Problems with asset allocation

Even though it's clear that asset allocation works, not every investor or portfolio can benefit from every strategy.

Asset allocation strategies may be easily formulated, but successful execution is what really matters. The success of the portfolio might be hampered if the investor cannot overcome their own prejudices.

In addition, it might be challenging to predict an investor's level of comfort with risk. After a certain amount of time has passed, the investor may have a better idea of how much risk they are willing to take.

Conclusion

Concepts like asset allocation and diversification have been around for millennia, and they are essential for effective risk management. They are also an essential part of cutting-edge approaches to portfolio management. To maximize predicted returns while limiting risk, an asset allocation strategy is developed. The performance of a portfolio may improve if the risk is spread among different investment types. Due to the high degree of correlation between Bitcoin and the markets, asset allocation methodologies should be used with caution in cryptoasset portfolios.

FAQs

What are asset allocation and diversification? Diversification is the process of distributing your money across different types of investments within the broad categories of stocks, bonds, and cash that make up your portfolio.

What is the best way to implement asset allocation and diversification? The best portfolios include both broad and deep diversification across asset classes. Spreading your assets within each asset category is just as important as spreading them among stocks, bonds, cash equivalents, and other asset classes.

In what ways might an asset allocation be described? Allocating your investments across various assets, such as stocks, bonds, and cash, is called asset allocation. Asset allocation is a subjective choice. The optimal allocation changes over time as your investment horizon, risk tolerance, and other factors change.

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@ 3c827db6:66418fc3

With the previous articles, we found the disconnect between paid-for work and paid-for time. We also understood that if you want to get paid you have to provide work that is valuable for others. So when the person consumes the benefit of your work, the exchange happens value for value - work for sats. But what happens if the benefit that the consumer experiences is not a momentary but a continuous process? There are a few examples of this. I will start with the one that is not that captivating but still valuable.

Streaming services, like other industries, grapple with the limitations of the fiat payment system. The burden of fees and the absence of suitable technology for streaming payments have compelled them to adopt similar mitigations as other industries. This translates to charging users on a monthly basis.

With the Lightning Network, we have the technology to stream sats for content. No longer confined to monthly subscriptions, you pay for what you consume in real time. Whether you watch sporadically or binge extensively, streaming payments allow for a more personalized and efficient payment model. This way the creator of the content and the user have a direct connection for each minute the content is broadcasted. With streaming payments now you can say goodbye to subscription payments.

Unveiling A New Era Of Fair Compensation And Accountability In Movie Production

Imagine you've created a movie or documentary. Traditionally, you'd charge people for a ticket, essentially asking them to pay upfront for future value, creating a slight disconnect. Now, with streaming payments using sats, consumers can pay as they watch. If your movie sucks, they might only pay for the first 30 minutes. However, you still receive value, and viewers won't feel overcharged for something they didn't enjoy. If your movie is great they not only stream sats the whole time but at the end, they leave a tip.

On the receiving side of the movie most people involved in it received a salary for doing their job. As we already know this is not aligning the whole structure in the same direction. Some people do not care at all how good the movie is if they have already been paid and do not receive a bonus further. Some people might care about reputation in the market but very few just want to do the best job. Again, we went through this, and as you are guessing you just do a split payment in the backend where all the people in the credits actually receive sats or even milisatoshis based on their contribution. This was something I did not expect that Bitcoin would disrupt. This way the reputation is directly linked to the payment and a lot more people will fight to have the best movie. You can be someone who contributed to a project and wants to stay anonymous for whatever reason but still receive money - Lightning instant settlement is the way to do it.

These concepts should not be new if you read through the last 3 articles. In addition, people in the Bitcoin space are familiar with the Value for Value (V4V) podcasting and that is very close to what I am describing above. While the technology for podcasting is already in place, it's surprising how few podcasts leverage this technology to implement split payments effectively. They give that responsibility to some hosting service that decides to take a 5% split for themselves and the other 95% goes to the wallet of the show. Why not do the split the proper way? The hosting service provides value so they should get a percentage but if you are 3 people involved in the production of the podcast you should have that 95% split so it goes to those individuals. There's no excuse, especially for Bitcoin podcasts, not to make this effort and implement split payments appropriately.

The Dynamic Future Of Pay-as-you-go In Content Consumption

In this example, the pay-as-you-go model holds true for continuous experiences, like streaming. Now, let's revisit the movie example. If you're a theater, you are essentially the hosting provider for the movie. The quality of the theater experience can vary; one theater might have uncomfortable chairs, while another boasts luxurious massage chairs. The theater with subpar seating might receive a 3% share of the movie's streaming sats revenue, while the one with comfortable massage chairs might earn 5% for each sat stream paying for the movie. Furthermore, if a viewer activates the massage function of the chair, additional sats are streamed for each second that the function is on. I do not know the exact payment dynamics between theaters and movie studios but I bet there are prepayments and funds held at multiple points in the fiat payment process. With the adoption of the Lightning Network, theaters no longer have to prepay for movies to be projected on their screens. They can now observe which movies are most popular in real time and adjust their projections accordingly to optimize revenues. This benefits the consumer and optimizes profits for themselves and the creators of the movie.

Now you see the content gets its value stream for the continuous experience and everyone in the film industry will fight to give the best experience for the most amount of time. The better the experience the more sats flow their way. Due to the highly subjective nature of content, where one person might deem a movie subpar, another might label it as their favorite. This subjectivity is why I believe most content streaming will not have a predetermined price. Even movies may adopt the V4V model, similar to what Adam Curry is pioneering in podcasting. For instance, you watch a movie, and during the credits, a prominent QR code appears, allowing you to decide how much you want to send to the creators of the movie. You will listen to a song or a podcast the same way. Whether you predefine a streaming rate per minute or request payment at the end, both options are technically possible. However, the market will ultimately determine which option prevails as the better one.

Also, why not have a bidding competition for any event that has assigned seats? The person who bids the most for a ticket gets to be in the first row of the concert or a sports stadium. This way the subjectivity is left for all the viewers to decide how valuable it really is. This way it ensures a full stadium also because if there is no value in attending the event people are not going to bid for the seats or just pay 1 sat for it.

Revolutionizing Taxi Transactions For Drivers And Passengers Alike

The continuous experience or service for streaming could be anything in the physical realm. I will take a look at how instant settlement could look like in transportation services. One such transportation service is the taxi service. Even though Uber decentralized the taxi companies which is great they did nothing about decentralizing the payment process. Lightning Network fixes that and more.

With a streaming payment option for each meter of movement, taxi drivers no longer need to wait until the end destination to receive their payment. In a world of instant settlement, payment occurs as you go, eliminating the risk for the taxi driver regarding whether the passenger will pay at the end of the journey. While this might not be a groundbreaking improvement, there are several additional benefits to consider.

Why do most taxis operate with cash? Taxi drivers in most places need a POS device for the customers to be able to pay for a better user experience (UX). It may be a better UX but on the other hand, it creates problems for the drivers either way:

• They have to acquire clunky devices.
• They must pay payment processing fees, negatively impacting their margins.
• Operating solely with cash exposes them to the honeypot problem, carrying a substantial amount of money, and making them vulnerable to theft.

With an app tailored for the taxi experience and integrated with the Lightning Network, these issues become irrelevant. There is no need for additional equipment, no payment processing fees for receiving money, and no exposure to visible cash, reducing the risk of being a target for theft. Now you can have a better UX with better security and better margins - an additional benefit is that it will be paid with Bitcoin. Not only that but just like the example with the movie theater chairs drivers will be incentivized to make the travel experience even better. They can offer - to watch a movie, video games like PlayStation, or massage chair. If you choose to use those extra experiences on top of the travel experience you have to increase the sats streaming their way.

An additional benefit for the travel experience of customers arises when multiple passengers in a taxi have different destinations. Traditionally, the taxi meter ticks for the entire journey, and when the first person is dropped off, determining a fair amount for their portion becomes complex. However, with the Lightning Network, it's conceivable to streamline this process. Imagine a scenario where three passengers enter a taxi, each with distinct destinations. Each person scans a QR code upon entering, linking their streaming sats to the taxi app. The app manages split-receiving, dynamically adjusting the distribution of streaming payments based on how many people are in the taxi. As passengers are dropped off one by one, the app seamlessly adjusts the split-receiving, providing a fair and efficient payment solution for each individual's share of the journey.

Optimizing City Transportation With Streaming Sats

The proposed model of split-receiving through QR codes and streaming sats can extend beyond taxi services to other modes of transportation, such as buses. The idea is to calculate the average cost per mile (or meter/foot) for providing the transportation service, including factors like fuel, maintenance, and driver salary, and add a margin for profit. Passengers entering the vehicle scan a QR code, and the app dynamically adjusts the streaming payments based on the number of people on board.

For buses, this model allows for real-time adjustment of streaming payments as passengers enter and exit. If there are 30 people on the bus the split is between them. At the next stop, 10 people are dropped off and 5 people get on board - now the sats stream is divided by 25 people. As the number of people on the bus changes at each stop, the streaming sats are proportionally divided among the passengers. This approach can lead to more efficient and flexible city transportation. Late-night buses will be more expensive for the passengers because of the fewer riders, while buses during peak hours may offer a more cost-effective traveling experience as payments are shared among more passengers.

This system encourages transportation optimization around events, such as concerts or sports games, where private buses or minivans wait to fill up before departing. Routes can be dynamically adjusted because you will have a system tracking how many people are in the vehicles at what time and at what location on the map. Importantly, this data remains anonymous, as no KYC information is required for the Lightning Network payments.

The Streamlined Pay-from-a-distance

Now with this streaming money feature, it can be applied differently. Let’s go back to the taxi service for a moment. The pay-from-a-distance feature that is available in the Lightning Network can significantly enhance the experience of ordering a taxi. Instead of the traditional model where drivers wait patiently and charge fixed fees when passengers enter the car, this model introduces streaming sats from the moment the passenger accepts the ride. Here's how it works:

• The passenger places an order in the app, specifying the destination. Nothing new here.
• Drivers see the order and can apply for it, similar to platforms like Uber.
• Streaming sats start the moment the passenger accepts the driver, and streaming payments commence. This fee will be less than the actual transportation but the user is still paying for the service of the car coming to him and not the other way around.
• The taxi arrives at the passenger's door, and the streaming payments continue. There is a fee for waiting at the door per minute.

By shifting the waiting cost to the passenger, there's a strong incentive for both parties to be prompt, and the system becomes more efficient. Additionally, the passenger's responsibility to follow the car reduces operational costs related to alerting passengers via message or a call. Any inefficient time management becomes a cost for the passenger. This model aligns incentives for both drivers and passengers, creating a more seamless cost and time-effective taxi experience.

The concept of paying from a distance can be creatively applied to various scenarios, providing convenience and peace of mind. For instance, when it comes to sending your child somewhere with a taxi, traditional concerns about trusting them with money or the driver's reliability may arise. However, with the ability to stream sats for the ride, you gain real-time visibility on your device, tracking your child's journey and ensuring they reach the intended destination safely. This pay-from-a-distance feature extends beyond transportation and can be applied to other continuous services. For example, daycare services charge per minute, allowing you to stream payments in real-time, ensuring accurate and fair compensation for the duration your child spends there. Additionally, you can send a present to a friend, such as a massage session, and pay for it in a streaming fashion, covering the cost continuously based on the duration of the service. The flexibility of streaming payments not only offers real-time tracking and control but also opens up new possibilities for various services where charging per minute or duration is relevant. Those services can be paid on the spot or from a distance. image2

I know that now it looks like we are going backwards from the original point of never paying money for time. The key distinction here is that you may be paying for time past for the service but in that time you get a continuous stream of value (work done) so you are streaming value back to pay for it. In some cases the time spent is actually an accurate measure of the work done.

It's true that developing apps with such functionalities is technically feasible, and there might be entrepreneurs and developers willing to explore these possibilities. However, a significant challenge arises when considering custodial control over users' funds. Small startups might find it financially burdensome and complex to operate as custodians, potentially steering away from such responsibilities. This will take not only high responsibility but also a very big financial wall and expertise to obtain the licenses that comply with the ever-changing regulations. On the other hand, large tech companies with substantial resources could afford to take on the role of custodians, presenting both a business opportunity for them and a risk for the users. The move by some tech giants, like X(formerly Twitter), to obtain such licenses can be seen as a strategic measure for self-preservation over their own finances. This is also an opportunity to consolidate control over not only user data but user finances within their platforms.

The Breez SDK offers a powerful solution, empowering developers to create diverse applications without having to worry about payment intricacies. Its non-custodial nature is a key advantage, eliminating the need for licenses. The infrastructure of it is made in such a way that it is peer-to-peer so no one is holding money for someone else. The app developers focus on the experience within the app and just plug in the code. This combination of features gives startups a competitive edge and reverses the advantage held by large tech companies. While they go through the complex process of getting a license the startup can integrate the global payment network (the Lightning Network) in one day. Even if certain tech giants choose to lock users' funds within their applications, alternative options will continue to be developed, and users will have the freedom to opt-out. Just like people are choosing Bitcoin over fiat.

Now who is ready to give all of us those experiences in their app?

@ fa0165a0:03397073

Probability theory is the study of random phenomena. This post is a pilot post for potentially further posting in this series. Feedback appreciated. Introduction

Probability theory is the study of random phenomena. It is used in many fields, such as statistics, machine learning, and finance. It is also used in everyday life, for example when playing games of chance, or when estimating the risk of an event. The most classic example is the coin toss, closely followed by the dice roll.

When we toss a coin, the result is either heads or tails. In the case of an ideal coin, the “random trail” of tossing the coin has an equal probability for both outcomes. Similarly, for a die roll of a fair dice, we know that the probability for each outcome is 1/6. In the study of probability we dive deep into the mathematics of these random phenomena, how to model them, and how to calculate the probability of different events. To do this in precise terms, we define words and concepts as tools for discussing and communicating about the subject.

This is the first of what I expect to be a 15 part series of my lecture & study notes from my university course in probability theory MT3001 at Stockholm University. References to definitions and theorems will use their numeration in the course literature, even if I may rephrase them myself. The book I’ve had as a companion through this course is a Swedish book called Stokastik by Sven Erick Alm and Tom Britton; ISBN:978–91–47–05351–3. This first module concerns basic concepts and definitions, needed for the rest of the course. The language of Probability theory

An experiment is a process that produces a randomized result. If our experiment is throwing a die, we then have the following: The result of throwing the die is called an outcome, the set of all possible outcomes is called the sample space and a subset of the sample space is called an event. We will use the following notation:

outcome is the result of an experiment, denoted with a small letter, ex. 𝑢₁, 𝑢₂, 𝑢₃, …
event is the subset of the sample space, denoted with a capital letter, ex. 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, …
sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment, denoted Ω.

Adding numbers to our dice example, we have the sample space Ω = {𝟏,𝟐,𝟑,𝟒,𝟓,𝟔} containing all the possible events 𝑢₁=𝟏, 𝑢₂=𝟐, 𝑢₃=𝟑, 𝑢₄=𝟒, 𝑢₅=𝟓 and 𝑢₆=𝟔. And we could study some specific sub events like the chance of getting an even number, 𝐴={𝟐,𝟒,𝟔}, or the chance of getting a prime number, 𝐵={𝟐,𝟑,𝟓}. As it happens, the probability of both 𝐴 and 𝐵 is 50%. Sample space

The sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment. It is denoted Ω. And there are two types of sample spaces, discrete and continuous. A discrete sample space is a finite or countably infinite set, and all other kind of sample spaces are called continuous.

The coin toss and the dice roll are both examples of discrete sample spaces. Studying a problem, like the temperature outside, would in reality require a continuous sample space. But in practice, we can often approximate a continuous sample space with a discrete one. For example, we could divide the temperature into 10 degree intervals, and then we would have a discrete sample space.

Remember that continuous sample spaces exist, and expect more information about them in later modules. For starters, we focus on discrete sample spaces. Set Theory notation and operations

When talking about probabilities we will arm ourselves with the language of “set theory”, it is a crucial tool for the study of probability. Feeling comfortable with the subject of set theory since before is useful, but not necessary. I will try to explain the concepts as we go along.

Even tough the events from the dice rolls are represented by numbers, it is important to note that they aren’t numbers, but rather elements. This might become more clear if we alter our example to be a deck of cards. This deck of cards have four suits Ω = {♥, ♠, ♦, ♣ } and in our experiments we draw a card from the deck and look at the suit. It’s here very obvious that we can’t add or subtract the different events with each other. But we do have the operations of set theory at our disposal. For example, if 𝐴 is the event of drawing a red card and 𝐵 is the event of drawing spades ♠, we can use the following notation: Set theory operations

Union: 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {♥, ♦, ♠}, the union of 𝐴 and 𝐵.
The empty set: ∅ = {}, the empty set. A set with no elements.
Intersection: 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = ∅, the intersection of 𝐴 and 𝐵.
This means that 𝐴 and 𝐵 have no elements in common. And we say that 𝐴 and 𝐵 are disjoint.
Complement: 𝐴ᶜ = {♠, ♣}, the complement of 𝐴.
Difference: 𝐴 ∖ 𝐵 = {♥, ♦}, the difference of 𝐴 and 𝐵. Equivalent to 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵ᶜ.
The symbol ∈ denotes that an element is in a set. For example, 𝑢₁ ∈ Ω means that the outcome 𝑢₁ is in the sample space Ω. For our example: ♥ ∈ 𝐴 means that the suit ♥ is in the event 𝐴.

Venn diagram

A very useful visualization of set theory is the Venn diagram. Here is an example of a Venn diagram in the picture below:

In the above illustration we have: Ω = {𝟏,𝟐,𝟑,𝟒} and the two events 𝐴={𝟐,𝟑} and 𝐵={𝟑,𝟒}. Notice how the two sets 𝐴 and 𝐵 share the element 𝟑, and that all sets are subsets of the sample space Ω. The notation for the shared element 𝟑 is 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝟑}. Useful phrasing

The different set notations may seem a bit abstract at first, at least before you are comfortable with them. Something that might be useful to do is to read them with the context of probabilities in mind. Doing this, we can read some of the different set notations as follows:

𝐴ᶜ, “when 𝐴 doesn’t happen”.
𝐴 ∪ 𝐵, “when at least one of 𝐴 or 𝐵 happens”.
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵, “when both 𝐴 and 𝐵 happens”.
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵ᶜ, “when 𝐴 happens but 𝐵 doesn’t happen”.

The Probability function

Functions map elements from one set to another. In probability theory, we are interested in mapping events to their corresponding probabilities. We do this using what we call a probability function. This function is usually denoted 𝑃 and have some requirements that we will go through in the definition below.

This function take events as input and outputs the probability of that event. For the example of a die throw, if we have the event 𝐴={𝟐,𝟒,𝟔}, then 𝑃(𝐴) is the probability of getting an even number when throwing a fair six sided dice. In this case 𝑃(𝐴)=1/2=𝑃(“even number from a dice throw”), you’ll notice that variations of descriptions of the same event can be used interchangeably.

The Russian mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov (1903–1987) is considered the father of modern probability theory. He formulated the following three axioms for probability theory: Definition 2.2, Kolmogorov’s axioms

A real-valued function 𝑃 defined on a sample space Ω is called a probability function if it satisfies the following three axioms:

𝑃(𝐴) ≥ 𝟎 for all events 𝐴.
𝑃(Ω) = 𝟏.
If 𝐴₁, 𝐴₂, 𝐴₃, … are disjoint events, then 𝑃(𝐴₁ ∪ 𝐴₂ ∪ 𝐴₃ ∪ …) = 𝑃(𝐴₁) + 𝑃(𝐴₂) + 𝑃(𝐴₃) + …. This is called the countable additivity axiom.

From these axioms it’s implied that 𝑃(𝐴) ∈ [𝟎,𝟏], which makes sense since things aren’t less than impossible or more than certain. As a rule of thumb, when talking about probabilities, we move within the range of 0 and 1. This lets us formulate the following theorem: Theorem 2.1, The Complement and Addition Theorem of probability

Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be two events in a sample space Ω. Then the following statements are true:

1. 𝑃(𝐴ᶜ) = 𝟏 — 𝑃(𝐴)

2. 𝑃(∅) = 𝟎

3. 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) — 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

Proof of Theorem 2.1

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐴ᶜ) = 𝑃(Ω) = 𝟏 = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐴ᶜ) ⇒ 𝑃(𝐴ᶜ) = 𝟏 — 𝑃(𝐴)

This simply proves that the probability of 𝐴 not happening is the same as the probability of 𝐴 happening subtracted from 1.

𝑃(∅) = 𝑃(Ωᶜ) = 𝟏 — 𝑃(Ω) = 𝟏 — 𝟏 = 𝟎

Even though our formal proof required (1) to be proven, it’s also very intuitive that the probability of the empty set is 0. Since the empty set is the set of all elements that are not in the sample space, and the probability of an event outside the sample space is 0.

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐴ᶜ)) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐴ᶜ) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) — 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

This can be understood visually by revisiting our Venn diagram. We see that the union of 𝐴 and 𝐵 has an overlapping element 𝟑 shared between them. This means that purely adding the elements of 𝐴={𝟐,𝟑} together with 𝐵={𝟑,𝟒} would double count that shared element, like this {𝟐,𝟑,𝟑,𝟒}, since we have two “copies” of the mutual elements we make sure to remove one “copy” bur removing 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)={𝟑} and we get 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)={𝟐,𝟑,𝟒}. We may refer to this process as dealing with double counting, something that is very important to have in mind when dealing with sets.

Two interpretations of probability that are useful and often used are the frequentist and the subjectivist interpretations. The frequentist interpretation is that the probability of an event is the relative frequency of that event in the long run. The subjectivist interpretation is that the probability of an event is the degree of belief that the event will occur, this is very common in the field of statistics and gambling. For the purposes of study it’s also useful to sometimes consider probabilities as areas and or masses, this is called the measure theoretic interpretation. Don’t let that word scare you off, in our context it’s just a fancy way of drawing a parallel between areas and probabilities. Think area under curves, and you’ll be fine.

@ d7607464:421e573a

chezmoi is a command-line tool that uses git to keep your dotfiles in sync across all of your machines. In this guide, I'll show you a simple use case of keeping dotfiles synced between two machines, machine_A and machine_B. chezmoi has many more features that you can explore beyond this as you become more comfortable with the workflow.

Chezmoi Cheatsheet

This is a diagram of the various locations chezmoi accesses to manage your dotfiles, as well as the relevant commands to move files around. I'll be referencing the locations home_A, chezmoi_A, home_B, chezmoi_B, and repo shown in this diagram throughout this guide.

Installation

The first step to using chezmoi is installing and initializing it. We will be on machine_A to start with. Here, I'll be building the binary from the source code.

First, make sure you have golang installed: https://go.dev/doc/install

Then, clone the chezmoi repo and use make to build it:

bash cd /tmp git clone https://github.com/twpayne/chezmoi.git cd chezmoi make build

This will create the chezmoi binary, which you can then copy any directory in your PATH. Here, I'll move it to ~/bin. If ~/bin doesn't exist, you have to create it and re-source ~/.profile to add it to PATH.

bash mkdir -p ~/bin && source ~/.profile cp chezmoi ~/bin/chezmoi

Now you should be able to run chezmoi:

```bash

chezmoi --version chezmoi version dev, commit 255846 . . . ```

Initialization

Now that you've installed chezmoi, you have to initialize it. This guide uses the main branch for all git operations, and you can change the default branch for git repositories as follows before you initialize chezmoi:

bash git config --global init.defaultBranch main

Then initialize chezmoi:

bash chezmoi init

This creates the chezmoi git repository at ~/.local/share/chezmoi. Based on the diagram above, this is the location corresponding to chezmoi_A.

Adding your first file

Most systems have a .bashrc or similar configuration file, so that can be the first dotfile you add to chezmoi:

bash chezmoi add ~/.bashrc

Change into the chezmoi_A directory to see the file added to chezmoi:

bash chezmoi cd ls

You'll see dot_bashrc listed. chezmoi renames the dots at the start of all of your dotfiles as 'dot_' so they are not considered hidden. This directory is a git repository as well, but it isn't linked to an online repository yet. You can use a private repository on GitHub or GitLab, or even a self-hosted instance of GitLab. Whatever remote repository you choose to use, follow its instructions to create a new repository called dotfiles and add it as origin to your local chezmoi git repository. Here, I'll create a private GitHub repository and link it using ssh. Then you should be able to see it with:

```bash

git remote -v origin git@github.com:wisehodl/dotfiles.git (fetch) origin git@github.com:wisehodl/dotfiles.git (push) ```

Now commit your first dotfile and push it to the online repo:

bash git add dot_bashrc git commit -m "Added .bashrc" git push -u origin main

Congratulations! You've successfully backed up your first dotfile using chezmoi. chezmoi add can add individual files as well as directories.

Adding directories and ignoring files.

chezmoi can add whole directories with chezmoi add but you may want to ignore certain files if they are auto-generated or contain sensitive information. Say you have a directory you want to add to chezmoi that contains some authentication details as well as actual config files, like so:

bash /home/wise/.test/ ├── .auth └── .config

Here, we want to add .test to chezmoi but ignore the .auth file that contains some login information. First, you'll have to tell chezmoi to ignore the .auth file using the .chezmoiignore file. It works just like .gitignore if you're familiar with that.

bash echo ".test/.auth" >> .chezmoiignore

Now you can add the .test directory:

```bash

chezmoi add ~/.test chezmoi: warning: ignoring .test/.auth ```

And you'll see that chezmoi is purposely ignoring the .auth file. If you look at your chezmoi directory now, you'll see the dot_test directory added with only the config file.

Add these changes to your git repo:

bash git add -A git commit -m "Added .test/" git push

Here, you should start to get a feel for how the workflow for adding files to chezmoi typically goes. Before we start modifying files, let's move over to machine_B and sync your dotfiles over there.

Syncing to another machine

For the sake of simplicity, I'll assume that you are syncing your dotfiles to a fresh install of the same Linux distro as machine_A. If you have a lot of conflicting dotfiles between machine_A and machine_B, you'll either need to utilize git merge or chezmoi merge at your discretion and resolve the conflicts. If certain files do need to be different between the machines, then you'll have to utilize chezmoi's templating capabilities. These situations are beyond the scope of this guide and are left as an exercise for the reader.

On machine_B follow the steps above to install and initialize chezmoi. Then, add your remote git repository as before, and pull it into the chezmoi directory:

bash git pull origin main

The first time you push from chezmoi_B, you may have to run git push -u origin main to set the upstream branch and fully set up the remote connection.

Now to review, we've synced up 4 out of the 5 locations in the diagram above: home_A, chezmoi_A, repo, and chezmoi_B. Syncing chezmoi_B and home_B is where things can get complicated if, like I said before, you have a lot of file conflicts. You can check for differences between the source directory, chezmoi_B and the destination directory, home_B using chezmoi diff. There is also the concept of a "target state" in chezmoi, but it only becomes relevant if you use templates. In the context of this guide, the source directory is also the target state.

Say, for example, you had some conflicting lines in ~/.bashrc, chezmoi diff would show you the changes that would need to occur to make the destination state, ~/.bashrc, match the source state, ~/.local/share/chezmoi/dot_bashrc. There are a few strategies you can use to resolve this conflict:

1. Create a new branch in chezmoi_B, add the file from home_B with chezmoi add, then perform a git merge back to main.
2. Use chezmoi merge ~/.bashrc, which will take you into a vimdiff window to manually change the files to match.
3. Overwrite the source file with the destination file using chezmoi add ~/.bashrc
4. Overwrite the destination file with the source file using chezmoi apply ~/.bashrc

[DANGER AHEAD]

This guide will go with option 4 for every file in chezmoi_B:

```bash

Do not do this unless you want to OVERWRITE files in your

home directory.

chezmoi apply ```

chezmoi will do its best to warn you if you're about to do something dangerous and give you some options on how to proceed.

Doing this, the dotfiles in both machine_A and machine_B are in sync! But you know that your dotfiles will change and grow over time, so we have to talk about strategies for maintaining this sync.

Modifying your dotfiles

You have to remain mindful that you're using chezmoi to keep your dotfiles in sync, otherwise machine_A and machine_B can get out of sync pretty easily. chezmoi has the chezmoi edit command to edit files in the destination state, but I prefer to edit files in either home_A or home_B and then follow the path in the diagram above from end to end to sync up the whole network.

For example, you can change or add a file from home_B and do:

1. (home_B) $ chezmoi add ~/path/to/.file
2. (home_B) $ chezmoi cd
3. (chezmoi_B) $ git add -A
4. (chezmoi_B) $ git commit -m "Changed ~/path/to/.file"
5. (chezmoi_B) $ git push
6. (home_A) $ chezmoi cd
7. (chezmoi_A) $ git pull
8. (chezmoi_A) $ chezmoi apply

And that will propagate the change across your network. You can also use chezmoi update from home_A to pull the repo and apply the target state all in one step. The best way to avoid conflicts and headaches is to always push changes you make to you dotfiles as soon as you can and avoid making changes to the same file on two different machines simultaneously, just like with any git repository.

Conclusion

If you've followed the steps in this guide, you will have learned a workflow to keep the dotfiles between two Linux machines in sync using chezmoi. The diagram at the top of the guide should serve as a useful cheatsheet for the most common tasks you'll perform to maintain your dotfiles.

chezmoi is a very versatile application, and is capable of managing very complex dotfile setups. Their documentation is very technical and daunting to the new user, but it remains a good resource for doing more complex tasks with chezmoi.

• Command Overview: https://www.chezmoi.io/user-guide/command-overview/
• Reference: https://www.chezmoi.io/reference/

---

All the best!

• WiseHODL

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

Time to brush off the spurs and saddle up for a ride into the exciting ad-ventures ahead! What innovative goods or services are y'all bringin' on the wagon this week? Give us a sneak peek and let that entrepreneurial spirit get out.

---

Take some pics and start posting your items now!

[⚖️ SELL] - [🛒 BUY] - [🧑‍💻 HIRE] - [🖇 OFFER] - [🧑‍⚖️ AUCTION] - [🤝 SWAP] - [🆓 FREE] - [⭐ REVIEW]

---

Stay humble, stack sats!

@ fa0165a0:03397073

I just tested building a browser plugin, it was easier than I thought. Here I'll walk you through the steps of creating a minimal working example of a browser plugin, a.k.a. the "Hello World" of browser plugins.

First of all there are two main browser platforms out there, Chromium and Mozilla. They do some things a little differently, but similar enough that we can build a plugin that works on both. This plugin will work in both, I'll describe the firefox version, but the chromium version is very similar.

What is a browser plugin?

Simply put, a browser plugin is a program that runs in the browser. It can do things like modify the content of a webpage, or add new functionality to the browser. It's a way to extend the browser with custom functionality. Common examples are ad blockers, password managers, and video downloaders.

In technical terms, they are plugins that can insert html-css-js into your browser experience.

How to build a browser plugin

Step 0: Basics

You'll need a computer, a text editor and a browser. For testing and development I personally think that the firefox developer edition is the easiest to work with. But any Chrome based browser will also do.

Create a working directory on your computer, name it anything you like. I'll call mine hello-world-browser-plugin. Open the directory and create a file called manifest.json. This is the most important file of your plugin, and it must be named exactly right.

Step 1: manifest.json

After creation open your file manifest.json in your text editor and paste the following code:

json { "manifest_version": 3, "name": "Hello World", "version": "1.0", "description": "A simple 'Hello World' browser extension", "content_scripts": [ { "matches": ["<all_urls>"], "js": ["hello.js"] //The name of your script file. // "css": ["hello.css"] //The name of your css file. } ] }

If you wonder what the json file format is, it's a normal text file with a special syntax such that a computer can easily read it. It's the json syntax you see in the code above. Let's go through what's being said here. (If you are not interested, just skip to the next step after pasting this we are done here.)

• manifest_version: This is the version of the manifest file format. It's currently at version 3, and it's the latest version. It's important that you set this to 3, otherwise your plugin won't work.
• name: This is the name of your plugin. It can be anything you like.
• version: This is the version of your plugin. It can be anything you like.
• description: This is the description of your plugin. It can be anything you like.
• content_scripts: This is where you define what your plugin does. It's a list of scripts that will be executed when the browser loads a webpage. In this case we have one script, called hello.js. It's the script that we'll create in the next step.
• matches: This is a list of urls that the script will be executed on. In this case we have <all_urls>, which means that the script will be executed on all urls. You can also specify a specific url, like https://brave.com/*, which means that the script will only be executed on urls that start with https://brave.com/.
• js: This is a list of javascript files that will be executed. In this case we have one file, called hello.js. It's the script that we'll create in the next step.
• css: This is where you can add a list of css files that will be executed. In this case we have none, but you can add css files here if you want to.
• //: Text following these two characters are comments. They are ignored by the computer, You can add comments anywhere you like, and they are a good way to document your code.

Step 2: hello.js

Now it's time to create another file in your project folder. This time we'll call it hello.js. When created, open it in your text editor and paste the following code:

js console.log("Hello World!"); That's javascript code, and it's what will be executed when you run your plugin. It's a simple console.log statement, which will print the text "Hello World!" to the console. The console is a place where the browser prints out messages, and it's a good place to start when debugging your plugin.

Step 3: Load and launch your plugin

Firefox

Now it's time to load your plugin into your browser. Open your browser and go to the url about:debugging#/runtime/this-firefox. You should see a page that looks something like this:

Click the button that says "Load Temporary Add-on...". A file dialog will open, navigate to your project folder and select the file manifest.json. Your plugin should now be loaded and running.

Go to a website, any website, and open the inspector then navigate to the console. You'll find the inspector by right-clicking anywhere within the webpage, and click "Inspector" in the drop-down menu. When opening the console you might see some log messages from the site you visited and... you should see the text "Hello World!" printed there, from our little plugin! Congratulations!

Chrome

Open your browser and go to the url chrome://extensions/. Click the button that says "Load unpacked". A file dialog will open, navigate to your project folder and select the folder hello-world-browser-plugin. Your plugin should now be loaded and running.

Note the difference, of selecting the file manifest.json in firefox, and selecting the folder hello-world-browser-plugin in chrome. Otherwise, the process is the same. So I'll repeat the same text as above: (for those who skipped ahead..)

Go to a website, any website, and open the inspector then navigate to the console. You'll find the inspector by right-clicking anywhere within the webpage, and click "Inspector" in the drop-down menu. When opening the console you might see some log messages from the site you visited and... you should see the text "Hello World!" printed there, from our little plugin! Congratulations!

---

As you can see this isn't as complicated as one might think. Having preformed a "Hello-World!"-project is a very useful and valuable first step. These setup steps are the basics for any browser plugin, and you can build on this to create more advanced plugins.

@ 81870f53:29bef6a6

革新的な製品とサービスで知られるハイテク巨人である$Apple (AAPL.US)$ は、人工知能への野心については比較的沈黙を保ってきましたが、今日のテクノロジー分野における人工知能の重要性が高まり続けるにつれ、Apple のような企業も注目を集めています。 Google、Amazon、Microsoft などの競合他社が自社の人工知能機能を積極的に推進する中、Apple もテクノロジー業界で主導的な地位を維持するために、人工知能の分野で大きな進歩を遂げようと努めています。

Apple の現在の人工知能計画 Appleは「人工知能」というラベルを公に受け入れることには慎重だが、同社の製品やサービスには機械学習と人工知能の機能が組み込まれており、その仮想音声アシスタント「Siri」は同社の人工知能プログラムの最も顕著な例の1つである。さらに、Apple は自社のデバイスに顔認識テクノロジーを実装し、エコシステム内のさまざまなアプリで機械学習を活用しています。

こうした取り組みにもかかわらず、Apple の人工知能機能は競合他社に遅れをとっていると見なされていることが多く、Google、Amazon、Microsoft は人工知能の進歩についてより積極的に発言しており、競争力を維持するためには人工知能技術の開発に多額の投資を行ってきました。 AI 製品の強化と独自の AI アプローチの統合について説明します。

人工知能におけるプライバシーとセキュリティの重要性

Apple が人工知能の分野で潜在的な利点を持っている分野の 1 つは、同社が常にユーザーデータの保護を最優先にしており、個人情報の安全性を確保するためにさまざまな対策を講じていることです。データのプライバシーは高まり続けており、Apple がこれらの側面を重視することで競合他社との差別化が図られ、プライバシーを重視するユーザーを惹きつける可能性があります。

しかし、このアプローチは Apple にとって課題でもあり、高度な人工知能システムの開発には大量のユーザーデータへのアクセスが必要になることが多く、これは Apple のプライバシー重視の姿勢と矛盾する可能性があり、同社は人工知能を維持しながら革新的な使用方法を見つける必要があります。おそらくオンデバイス処理と安全なデータ処理テクノロジーの使用による、ユーザーのプライバシーへの取り組み。

将来の展開の可能性 Apple が人工知能への投資を続けるにつれて、同社はいくつかの潜在的な分野で大きな進歩を遂げる可能性があります。

生成型人工知能の台頭と Apple の対応

OpenAI の ChatGPT のような生成型人工知能モデルの爆発的な増加に伴い、Apple が社内で「AppleGPT」と呼ばれる言語モデルに基づいた独自の重要なチャットボットを開発しているという噂があり、このチャットボットは Siri の能力を大幅に強化して、より自然で状況に応じた会話を可能にします。さらに、Apple は、人工知能を使用してメッセージ内のテキストを生成したり、写真や iMovie で AI 支援の写真やビデオを編集したりするなど、生成型人工知能機能をアプリやサービスのエコシステムに統合する可能性があります。

Siri と Apple の仮想アシスタントの未来

報道によると、Apple は高度な自然言語処理と生成人工知能機能を通じて Siri の復活に取り組んでおり、大規模な言語モデルを活用することで、Siri はユーザーのクエリをよりよく理解して応答し、より一貫した会話を行い、より幅広いタスクを支援できるようになります。 Siri と広範な Apple エコシステムとの統合により、よりシームレスでインテリジェントなユーザー エクスペリエンスが実現され、仮想アシスタントはさまざまなデバイスやアプリからのデータとコンテキストを使用して、パーソナライズされたヘルプを提供できます。

Apple エコシステムにおける人工知能機能

Apple は、Siri に加えて、人工知能機能を自社の製品ラインに組み込むことも期待されています。iPhone と iPad では、人工知能によってテキスト予測、自動エラー修正、要約ツールが強化され、高度な写真およびビデオ編集機能が可能になります。カスタム Apple シリコン チップと専用のニューラル エンジン コンポーネントの機能を活用することで、Apple はこれらの人工知能機能のパフォーマンスと効率を最適化できます。

Apple の AI App Store と開発者エコシステム

エコシステム全体での人工知能の導入と統合をさらに促進するために、Apple は既存のアプリ ストア内に専用の「AI App Store」を作成し、サードパーティの開発者が開発した人工知能のアプリケーションとエクスペリエンスを紹介および配布する可能性があります。 AI ベースのツールとフレームワークを使用することで、Apple は AI を中心とした開発者エコシステムを発展させ、Apple デバイス ユーザーに革新的で魅力的なエクスペリエンスを生み出すことができます。

Apple の AI 戦略の影響

Apple が AI 戦略の開発と実装を続けるにつれ、そのアプローチはテクノロジー業界だけでなく、その他の分野にも大きな影響を与える可能性があり、Apple がプライバシーとデバイスの取り扱いに重点を置くことは、他のテクノロジー大手が自社の人工知能計画においてユーザーのプライバシーを優先することに影響を与える可能性があります。 Apple の人工知能の進歩は、ヘルスケア機能や研究分野で大きな進歩を遂げたなど、さまざまな業界でイノベーションを推進する可能性があります。

デバイス上のプライバシーと人工知能に対する Apple のアプローチ

Apple は、プライバシーとオンデバイス処理に取り組んでおり、クラウドベースの人工知能モデルに大きく依存している競合他社とは一線を画しています。ユーザー データをローカルに保存し、機密情報をリモート サーバーに送信することを回避することで、より安全でプライバシーを重視した人工知能を提供できます。インテリジェンス インテリジェンス エクスペリエンス このアプローチは、インターネット接続を必要とせずにデバイス上で直接処理が行われるため、人工知能機能のパフォーマンスと応答性を向上させる可能性もあります。

Apple チップとニューラル エンジンの役割

A シリーズや M シリーズなどの Apple の特許取得済みチップは、同社の人工知能戦略において重要な役割を果たしており、これらのカスタム設計プロセッサには、機械学習と人工知能のワークロードを加速するための専用のニューラル エンジン コンポーネントが搭載されており、Apple は改良と強化を続けています。そのチップには、将来的にはさらに強力なニューラル エンジンが搭載され、Apple デバイスの人工知能機能がさらに強化されることが期待されています。

Apple の AI エコシステムにおけるパートナーシップとコラボレーション

Apple は製品開発に対する独立したアプローチで知られていますが、同社は人工知能エコシステムを強化するためにパートナーシップやコラボレーションを模索する可能性が高く、たとえば、Apple が大規模言語モデル技術のライセンス供与について Google と交渉しているという噂もあります。これにより、Apple は、プライバシーとエコシステム制御に重点を置きながら、外部の AI テクノロジーと専門知識を活用することで、より強力で競争力のある AI 環境を構築できるようになります。

Apple の人工知能の将来は課題と機会に満ちています。同社は急速に進化する人工知能の分野を歩む中で、ハードウェアを活用して競合他社と競争できる高度な AI テクノロジーを開発する必要性と、プライバシーとセキュリティへの取り組みとのバランスを取る必要があります。ソフトウェア統合の強みと専用のユーザーベースにより、Apple はユーザーエクスペリエンスとプライバシーを優先するユニークで魅力的な AI エコシステムを構築する可能性を秘めています。

しかし、Apple が前進するためには、研究開発に多額の投資をし、戦略的パートナーシップを確立し、革新を続ける必要があるため、同社のアプローチが未来をどう形作るかは興味深いところです。 Apple は、その強力なブランド、忠実な顧客ベース、イノベーションの実績により、人工知能の分野で大きな進歩を遂げ、私たちの日常生活におけるテクノロジーとの関わり方を再定義できる有利な立場にあります。

この記事がお役に立てば幸いです。 もしそうなら、チップをおくるどうぞ https://getalby.com/p/bitcap

日本のホスティングサービス Linux、Windowsクラウドホスティング データストレージ JPStream を使用して NOSTR リレーを作成する ホスティング サービスの料金をSatsで支払うことができます https://jpstream.net

@ 46fcbe30:6bd8ce4d

Opinion about Bitcoin Core (desktop)

Bitcoin Core is the most prominent continuation of Satoshi Nakamoto's original work. Contributors to this project are pioneers in reproducible builds and it's the software with most attestations to its reproducibility and with probably thousands of academics looking at the code and how it's being compiled, this software sets the benchmark for transparency in self custody.

It started out being the Bitcoin full node, wallet, miner and even parts for a market place could be found in the early code base. Today, it is being stripped of the mining feature and even the wallet feature might get removed at some point.

For the average user, Bitcoin core is not a convenient wallet but arguably it's the only software that can really make sure you are receiving Bitcoin on the Bitcoin blockchain so almost all wallets talk to a server running this software one way or another.

WalletScrutiny #nostrOpinion

Join the conversation!

@ 57d1a264:69f1fee1

ODC #000017 - UX > UNDERSTAND

Designing Empathy Map for a Value4Value podcast app

If you miss it, please read our WTF is ODC (Open Design Challenge) intro post from more details.

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Scenario

You're a UX designer for a V4V podcast (Foutain.fm is a competitor). You're the only designer on a small team.

You and your team have vague, general ideas about who uses your app, but haven't done any real research or gotten into specifics. You need something that will help everyone have a more accurate and empathetic understanding of your users. You want to visualize user attitudes and behaviors, and then have a way to present your findings to your teammates.

---

Task

Choose a specific type of persona with a particular reason for using a V4V podcast app. Examples include a young person who wants to discover new contents, a salesman who is looking for entertainment when commuting, or a remote writer who needs inspirational content for his next article. Make an empathy map for the type of user you've selected.

You will want to conduct research to inform your empathy map, like user interviews, diary studies, or surveys.

Extra Credit: Create an additional empathy map for another type of user for the same app.

---

Guides

If you need help with this challenge, check out our hand-picked tutorial recommendations.

• Empathy Mapping: The First Step in Design Thinking on nngroup.com

• 10 Tips to Develop Better Empathy Maps on xd.adobe.com

• Empathy Mapping: A Guide to Getting Inside a User’s Head on uxbooth.com

• What is an Empathy Map? on piped.video)

---

Tools

Not sure which tools to use? Try something new, go 💯% FOSS!

AppFlowy by AppFlowy.io

Affine by Affine.pro

PenPot by kaleidos

FreePlane by freeplane team

---

Share Your Results

When you finish the challenge, post your work including anonymized collected data and results on this thread! If you also share it on nostr, be sure to use the hashtag #opendesigner and tag Design_r@iris.to or @Design__r on X! We'll keep an eye out and repost good examples on a regular basis.

---

Check our previous ODC and support this community for creative minds, where you'll be able to get open and constructive feedback on your PoW. Ask anything in the ~Design territory and get some ⚡sats for the value you provide!

---

---

---

```

Bitcoin #Design #BitcoinDesign #NostrDesign #Nostr #OpenDesign #DesignChallenge #OpenDesignChallenge #PodcastLovers #UserResearch #EmpathyMap #UXDesign #V4V #Value4Value

```

---

@ 2edbcea6:40558884

Happy Sunday #Nostr !

Here’s your #NostrTechWeekly newsletter at the nostr:npub19mduaf5569jx9xz555jcx3v06mvktvtpu0zgk47n4lcpjsz43zzqhj6vzk written by nostr:npub1r3fwhjpx2njy87f9qxmapjn9neutwh7aeww95e03drkfg45cey4qgl7ex2

NostrTechWeekly is a weekly newsletter focused on the more technical happenings in the nostr-verse.

A lot of foundational work happening in the nostr-verse and quite a bit of new projects shipped this week. Let’s dive in!

Recent Upgrades to Nostr (AKA NIPs)

1) NIP 75: Zap Goals ⚡

Zapping has been such an integral part of what makes Nostr what it is. Earning for your content or contributions. Zaps for memes. Zaps as a way to boost the signal. It’s a growing concept as well.

NIP 75 was merged this week, with the goal of introducing the ability to set a “Zap Goal” which is similar to a fundraising goal. Users can zap the “goal” event directly and help the progress bar go up. Whatever the cause.

Interesting to see if this will stay simple and decentralized or if this will be the foundation of a GoFundMe type platform via Nostr using exclusively Bitcoin.

Author: nostr:npub107jk7htfv243u0x5ynn43scq9wrxtaasmrwwa8lfu2ydwag6cx2quqncxg

2) (Proposed) NIP 79: Digital contracts on Nostr ✍️

Think Docusign, but on Nostr. This NIP would introduce support for various kinds of digital agreement (contracts, covenants, agreements) which serve various purposes.

These agreements would all be unencrypted markdown, so the purpose is likely more for non-secret agreements so that they can be cited by all parties in public.

Author(s): https://github.com/xemuj nostr:npub1gcxzte5zlkncx26j68ez60fzkvtkm9e0vrwdcvsjakxf9mu9qewqlfnj5z

3) (Proposed) NIP 34: Improved media attachments to notes 📎

Attaching media to notes in a way that is handled well on a majority of major clients is still more of an art than a science and nostr:npub108pv4cg5ag52nq082kd5leu9ffrn2gdg6g4xdwatn73y36uzplmq9uyev6 is determined to introduce a better pattern 💪.

This NIP introduces the pattern of using an explicit set of “media” tags on any note so that media that should accompany the note can be explicitly linked without clients needing to parse the content of the note to make the url of the media in the note a hyperlink.

Author: nostr:npub108pv4cg5ag52nq082kd5leu9ffrn2gdg6g4xdwatn73y36uzplmq9uyev6

4) (Proposed) Improvements to reddit-style moderated communities 💬

This proposed improvement to NIP 72 introduces the concept of a post (within a moderated community) that is exclusively posted to a specific community. Think about posting something that can make the front page of reddit versus a post that is intended solely for a subreddit. Seems like a welcome addition to NIP 72 👍

Author: https://github.com/vivganes

Notable projects

A nostr Wiki

The start of a truly open wiki.

Wikis are used for a lot of things: corporate intranets and documentation, fandoms managing information about their universe, and Wikipedia which may be one of the greatest repositories of knowledge on Earth. The main downside to Wikipedia is that it may be crowdsourced but it is centralized, seeking one version of each article (and therefore determining what is true).

This wiki (in the spirit of Nostr) allows people to create any number of articles on the same subject to offer different perspectives. At scale this could become something where people read various perspectives and determine the truth for themselves.

Author: nostr:npub1q7klm2w94hyq3qdm9ffzpahrrq0qcppmjrapzhz0rq6xgq3fdrnqr6atmj

Oxchat

Oxchat is a secure, private group chat experience for iOS and Android with a great UX 🙌.

Nostr needs its own standalone chat app that can stand up to the capabilities and ease of use of Signal, Telegram, WhatsApp, etc. And Oxchat may be that app! Looking forward to using it more.

Author: nostr:npub10td4yrp6cl9kmjp9x5yd7r8pm96a5j07lk5mtj2kw39qf8frpt8qm9x2wl

Nostrnet.work

A web-based dashboard for Nostr, it’s a webpage that is a configurable hub for all the Nostr apps you want to have available quickly. You can log in with your Nostr account, and configure it to your liking.There’s a section for managing your profile (including your relays), as well as for taking notes, all of that on top of the list of Nostr apps for quick access.

Nostrnet.work seems to be evolving into almost a web-based browser of the nostr-verse. You can manage the apps that are on the dashboard Nostrnet.work via the basic/open app store from nostr.band. There’s endless possibilities for users to discover what Nostr has to offer and use those offerings from one unified interface.

A recent addition to the Nostrnet.Work interface is an area for “Nostr AI'' which is meant to allow users to utilize Data Vending Machines (explored in the Latest Conversations section). Data Vending Machines (or DVMs) are something that I think is unique to Nostr, and it's a product/ecosystem that may be the killer unique offering people come to Nostr to try out.

Author: nostr:npub1cmmswlckn82se7f2jeftl6ll4szlc6zzh8hrjyyfm9vm3t2afr7svqlr6f

w3.do url shortener

URL shorteners are a stable web util. In fact,

We started using w3.do because the tool we use to draft/publish this newsletter as a long form note will send Nostr links and embed the note instead of just linking to the note. So a url shortener is enough to trick the tool so we get fewer embeds and more links! Thanks nostr:npub1alpha9l6f7kk08jxfdaxrpqqnd7vwcz6e6cvtattgexjhxr2vrcqk86dsn !

Latest conversations

Data Vending Machines (DVMs)

“Data Vending Machines are data-processing tools. You give them some data, a few sats, and they give you back some data.” source: vendata. A practical example is a recent DVM published by Pablo: FOMOstr. You put up some sats, you’ll get back content on Nostr that you may have missed.

The concept seems to be that people need help from machines. And right now, the most common way for people to get that help is to pay a company for that help (email provider, calendar management, group chats, entertainment, etc).

These are great for more complex digital products, but what if you just have a question? Maybe you just want to generate an image. Or maybe just extract text, and then maybe translate it. These are most efficient as pay-as-you-need-it products. That’s where DVMs shine (on the long tail of needs).

You can put up a certain amount of money and people who have created algorithms or AIs that can accomplish these tasks will compete to do the job for the lowest price (and therefore win the money). This is the foundation of an economy of people who need jobs done and people who want to make income by creating the best DVMs for the jobs people need done.

DVMs that help you discover people and content on Nostr will be a god-send for improving the experience for people using Nostr while maintaining decentralization. This will certainly evolve over time, but it seems this could become an integral part of the Nostr ecosystem as well as become a unique service that can only be found on Nostr (attracting a new set of users).

Events

Here are some upcoming events that we are looking forward to! We keep a comprehensive list and details of Nostr-related events that we hear about (in person or virtual) that you can bookmark here NostrConf Report

1. Nostrasia Nov 1-3 in Tokyo & Hong Kong
2. Nostrville Nov 9-10 in Nashville, TN, USA
3. NostrCon Jan 12, 2024 (online only)

Until next time 🫡

If you want to see something highlighted, if we missed anything, or if you’re building something I didn’t post about, let me know, DMs welcome.

nostr:npub1r3fwhjpx2njy87f9qxmapjn9neutwh7aeww95e03drkfg45cey4qgl7ex2 or nostr:npub19mduaf5569jx9xz555jcx3v06mvktvtpu0zgk47n4lcpjsz43zzqhj6vzk

Stay Classy, Nostr.

@ 0b963191:fc5e7ffd

Chef's notes

Can of course substitute in beef for the lamb.

In terms of canned peas, always prefer La Sueur

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 min
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 hour
• 🍽️ Servings: 4

Ingredients

• Potatoes:
• 1 ½ pounds potatoes (Russet)
• ½ cup half-and-half
• 2 ounces unsalted butter
• ¾ teaspoon kosher salt
• ¼ teaspoon black pepper
• 1 egg yolk
• Meat Filling:
• 2 tablespoons canola oil
• 1 cup chopped white onion
• 3 carrots, peeled and diced
• 1 ½ pounds ground lamb
• 1 teaspoon kosher salt
• ½ teaspoon black pepper
• 3 tablespoons flour
• 3-4 teaspoons tomato paste
• 1 cup chicken broth
• 3 teaspoons Worcestershire sauce
• 2-3 teaspoons chopped rosemary leaves (fresh)
• 1-2 teaspoons chopped thyme leaves (fresh)
• ¾ cup corn kernels
• ¾ cup peas

Directions

1. Potatoes:
2. Peel and dice potatoes.
3. Place in a pot and cover in cold water.
4. Bring to a boil.
5. Lower fire to simmer and cook for 15-20 minutes.
6. Heat butter and half-and-half for 30-40 seconds in the microwave.
7. Drain potatoes and put back into the pot.
8. Mash potatoes and add half-and-half, butter, salt, pepper.
9. Continue mashing until smooth and stir in yolk until combined.
10. Preheat the oven to 400 degrees.
11. Filling:
12. Heat canola oil in a 10-12 inch pan over high heat.
13. Add onions and carrots and saute over medium-high heat for 4-5 minutes.
14. Add garlic and combine for 30 seconds.
15. Add Lamb, salt, and pepper and cook until browned.
16. Sprinkle flour and stir to coat lamb and cook for 1-2 minutes.
17. Add Tomato paste, chicken broth, Worcestershire sauce, rosemary, thyme. Stir and bring to a boil.
18. Reduce heat to low, cover, and simmer for 12-15 minutes while sauce thickens.
19. Oven:
20. Add meat filling to baking dish.
21. Add peas and corn and stir in evenly
22. Spread mashed potatoes using a rubber spatula. start at the corners and make sure to seal around the edges.
23. Bake for 25 minutes
24. Remove from the oven and let sit for 15-20 minutes.

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

Why GitCitadel is primarily self-funded

This week has been full of discussion about the various pros and cons of what I've previously described as the "patronage funding model", including a formalized version called "grants":

This is the current common business model. A creator (artist, developer, writer, etc.) receives grants or donations that are more or less attached to conditions. -- The Zap Economy

We at GitCitadel have been questioned repeatedly, as to why we have not applied for a grant, when we are putting so much time and effort into the Nostr ecosystem. I would, therefore, like to explain the logic we have used to make this decision:

We are a package deal

We aren't merely a product team, we're a project team. That means that we aren't building a product, we're building an entire line (or suite) of products, and the corporate and technical infrastructure to support them.

Those products will be marketed under our own brand, built upon our own tech stack, and managed by our own team. We're used to doing this sort of thing for our various employers, so we haven't seen much benefit in looking outside of our team to acquire such things. Applying for formal grants would undermine this strategy, as we would be expected to tie into the grant-giver's own brand, stack, and team.

We have external income sources

We have made the point, to anyone interested in joining, that our project cannot and will not provide a source of income large enough to replace anyone's current source. At least, not yet. We are receiving donations and will eventually have a pricing model, but this project is our labor of love, not a get-rich-quick scheme. More a go-broke-slowly scheme, if anything.

We see this as a feature, rather than a bug, as it means our personal financial well-being is not immediately tied to our project work, and is therefore more secure, stable, and independent. This allows us the ability to ruminate, take time discussing architecture, and make more grandiose plans. It also allows us to discuss funding models, amongst ourselves or with a wider audience, while remaining calm.

Not everyone is in the same financial position and not everyone wants to split their attention, in such a manner, and we respect that. We also respect the right of every project member to decide differently, for themselves, and to apply for grants in their own name.

We're enjoying "L'expérience FOSS"

This is our first, major, open-source, software project. This is our chance to do something different, to be edgy, to build something for ourselves, to try out new technologies and strategies, to found a company and design a brand, to tinker and scheme... To boldly go where no team has gone before!

But, seriously. We're having fun. We're friends. We're enjoying the ride. We wouldn't enjoy the ride as much, if we were driving someone else's car.

We want to prove that it can be done

One of the things we found disturbing about the Nostr ecosystem is the pervasive pressure individual developers are under to apply for grants and labor full-time on Nostr products. It can feel quite rebellious, to simply tinker on evenings, weekends, or holidays.

It isn't rebellious.

It is a perfectly normal and acceptable way to contribute to a growing technological ecosystem, and we want to help re-normalize it. The emotional pressure to deliver new features at a rapid pace is exciting, but onerous, can lead to developers burning out and eventually moving on, and is the main cause of the frequent low quality of the existing software and the plethora of abandoned repos. This is the landscape that grants sometimes build.

We are here to show that "steady, stable, secure, supported, sturdy" sounds dull and a bit slow, but it can also be a winning development style, if the team chooses it deliberately and plans accordingly and cultivates a team environment that makes "code and chill together" a long-term motivator. We think the Nostr ecosystem is ready to accept a team with this style, and it's a style that advanced grants simply aren't designed to support because grant-givers have to account for the money spent within a reasonable time.

We want to support independent funding models

As with all things, talk is cheap. We are all persons eager to establish independent funding models because we want Nostr to help create a free market of sovereign individuals, at the global scale. We think this is a particular "good work" that Nostr is in a prime position to define, but it won't happen, if nobody actually does it, or if only a few do it and and are perceived as greedy oddballs. There needs be a lot of people doing it, including large, influential teams.

The strongest motivation to develop such models is the profit motive, and that is inevitably weakened by grant-lethargy. One has to take risks to become a change agent, so we have put ourselves on a diet, to get our creative financial juices flowing.

We have decided to stay hungry. https://image.nostr.build/28ddca2ef029e8be27e351867f37e457e2070e005f5588f88f486208709ee00d.jpg

@ 78733875:4eb851f2

After announcing our first wave of grants for bitcoin[^fn-btc] and nostr[^fn-nostr] projects, we are pleased to announce an additional wave of grants for open-source projects in the space:

[^fn-btc]: First Wave of Bitcoin Grants [^fn-nostr]: First Wave of Nostr Grants

• BDK
• LNbits
• Watchdescriptor
• Stratum V2 Testing \& Benchmarking Tool
• Fedimint Modules and Resources
• Amber: Nostr Event Signer
• Nostr UI/UX Development
• Nostr Use-Case Exploration \& Education

The first five grants are sourced from our General Fund, the last three—being nostr projects—from our Nostr Fund. This brings the total number of OpenSats grants to 41, adding to the grants we previously announced in July.

Once again, let's take a closer look at each of the projects to see how they align with the OpenSats mission.

---

BDK

Bitcoin Development Kit (BDK) is a set of libraries and tools that allows you to seamlessly build cross-platform on-chain bitcoin wallets without having to re-implement standard bitcoin data structures, algorithms, and protocols. BDK is built on top of the powerful rust-bitcoin and rust-miniscript libraries and adds features for managing descriptor-based wallets, syncing wallets to the bitcoin blockchain, viewing transaction histories, managing and selecting UTXOs to create new transactions, signing, and more. The core BDK components are written in Rust, but the team also maintains Kotlin and Swift language bindings for use in mobile projects. There are also Python bindings, and React Native and Flutter support is being actively developed.

Repository: bitcoindevkit/bdk
License: Apache 2.0 / MIT

LNbits

LNbits is used by a multitude of projects in the bitcoin space, especially as part of their lightning payments stack. Being easy to build on through its extension framework, LNbits has been pioneering various cutting-edge solutions and experiments in the world of bitcoin, lightning, and nostr.

The project has a thriving maker community building various hardware devices such as Lightning ATMs, point-of-sale devices, DIY hardware wallets, and nostr signing devices. The modular design of LNbits makes it attractive to users and tinkerers alike, as its plugin architecture makes it easy to extend and understand.

Repository: lnbits/lnbits
License: MIT

Watchdescriptor

watchdescriptor is a CLN plugin written in Rust that connects a business's treasury wallet to its CLN node. It utilizes cln-plugin and the BDK library to track coin movements in registered wallets and report this information to the bookkeeper plugin.

The plugin enables businesses to design a complete treasury using Miniscript and import the resulting descriptor into CLN. Since bookkeeper already accounts for all coin movements internal to CLN, this plugin is the last piece businesses need in order to unify all their bitcoin accounting in one place. This enables businesses to account for all inflows and outflows from their operations, streamlining tax reporting and financial analysis.

The watchdescriptor project is part of a broader vision to transform the lightning node (particularly CLN) into a financial hub for businesses, enabling them to conduct operations without reliance on any third parties.

Repository: chrisguida/watchdescriptor
License: MIT

Stratum V2 Testing & Benchmarking Tool

The Stratum V2 Testing & Benchmarking Tool allows the bitcoin mining industry to test and benchmark Stratum V2 performance against Stratum V1. The tool supports different mining scenarios to help miners make informed decisions and evaluate their profitability. The goal of the project is to motivate miners to upgrade to Stratum V2, increasing their individual profits and making the Bitcoin network more resilient in the process.

Repository: stratum-mining/stratum @GitGab19
License: Apache 2.0 / MIT

Fedimint Modules and Resources

Fedimint is a federated Chaumian e-cash mint backed by sats with deposits and withdrawals that can occur on-chain or via lightning. It can be understood as a scaling and privacy layer as well as an adoption accelerator for Bitcoin.

The goal of this particular project is to improve the Fedimint UI and develop free and open resources for developers and "Guardians" to enable more people to run and develop on Fedimint.

Repository: fedimint/ui @EthnTuttle
License: MIT

Amber: Nostr Event Signer

Amber is a nostr event signer for Android. It allows users to keep their nsec segregated in a single, dedicated app. The goal of Amber is to have your smartphone act as a NIP-46 signing device without any need for servers or additional hardware. "Private keys should be exposed to as few systems as possible as each system adds to the attack surface," as the rationale of said NIP states. In addition to native apps, Amber aims to support all current nostr web applications without requiring any extensions or web servers.

Repository: greenart7c3/Amber
License: MIT

Nostr UI/UX Development

The goal of this project is to help improve the UI/UX of major nostr clients, starting with Gossip and Coracle, emphasizing the onboarding process as well as usability and accessibility. One part of onboarding is solving the discoverability problem that nostr has in the first place. Solving the problem of jumping in and out of the nostr world is what motivated the development of njump, which was redesigned as part of these efforts and is now live at nostr.com.

In addition to client-specific improvements, generic design modules and learnings will be incorporated into the Nostr Design project for others to use.

Activity: github.com/dtonon @dtonon
License: MIT

Nostr Use-Case Exploration & Education

As of today, most nostr clients implement social media applications on top of the nostr protocol. However, nostr allows for various use cases, many of which go beyond social media. Two examples are Listr and Ostrich, a list management tool and job board, respectively.

In addition to use-case exploration, this project will continue to educate users and developers alike, be it via Nostr How or various video series, e.g., explaining how to build upon NDK.

Activity: github.com/erskingardner @jeffg
License: MIT / GPL-3.0 / CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

---

We have more grants in the pipeline and will provide funding for many more projects in the future. Note that we can only fund those projects which reach out and apply. If you are an open-source developer who is aligned with our mission, don't hesitate to apply for funding.

@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f

Consistently writing on SN and Obsidian has underscored for me the critical role of application in the learning process. Writing allows me to visually process, reflect, analyze, and organize the myriad ideas generated within my brain. Through this ongoing practice, I can physically sense my improvement in articulating thoughts to others and myself, both in writing and speech. However, both forms of expression still require significant practice, especially the latter.

Before I began writing regularly, I didn't fully appreciate the importance of purposeful learning. Previously, I viewed reading a book, watching an educational video, or listening to a podcast as the primary components of learning. But these activities are merely the initial stimuli that prepare our brains for deeper engagement, much like a warm-up before a workout. True learning extends beyond passive consumption; it involves actively practicing and applying what we've learned, reflecting on our experiences, and continually revisiting the material to fill in gaps and deepen our understanding. Sharing and discussing our insights with others further enriches this process, as it exposes us to diverse perspectives and feedback we might not have considered on our own. For me, writing acts as the bridge that connects acquired knowledge to practical application.

After writing on SN consistently for over a month, I've come to realize what it truly means to learn and acquire knowledge. Writing daily has exposed gaps in my understanding, often revealing that I lack the depth of knowledge I assumed I had. When I reach the limits of what I know, I'm compelled to research further, which reinforces and expands my comprehension.

Even if you never write publicly, I believe everyone can benefit from the act of writing. The more I write, the more intentional my learning process becomes, and the more organized and structured my thoughts are.

@ 81870f53:29bef6a6

AI チップ市場では、Nvidia がその強力な GPU パフォーマンスと CUDA ソフトウェア エコシステムにより、ほぼ独占的な地位を占めていますが、供給不足と価格の高さにより、顧客は代替品を求めています。

主要顧客と競合他社が協力して、CUDA に代わるオープンソース プロジェクトに参加 OpenAI、Meta、Microsoft、Google、Amazon などの Nvidia の大手顧客だけでなく、Intel、AMD、Qualcomm などの Nvidia の競合企業も、Cuda の覇権を打倒するための微妙な合意を形成しているようです。これらの企業はすべて Triton に参加しています。 OpenAI によって開始されたオープンソース言語プロジェクト。

Nvidiaチップの購入に数百億ドルを費やしたMeta、Microsoft、Googleなどのハイテク大手は、TritonがAIハードウェアにおけるNvidiaの独占を打破するのに役立つことを期待しており、Intel、AMD、QualcommもTritonを使用してNvidiaの顧客をターゲットにしたいと考えている。

Triton は、あらゆる種類の GPU でコードをスムーズに実行できるようにするために、2021 年に OpenAI によって初めてリリースされました。

OpenAIの公式説明によると、Tritonの目標は、他の既存のDSLよりも柔軟でありながら、CUDAよりも高い生産性で高速なコードを書くためのオープンソース環境を提供することだという。

アナリストらは、NVIDIA がこの 1 年間で AI 業界で「売り手」になれたのは主に、20 年以上にわたって開発されてきた CUDA システムによるものであると考えています。これは、NVIDIA にとって乗り越えられない壁です。競合他社。

Nvidia CEO のファン・インフン氏はかつて、自社は「チップを製造するだけでなく、チップからシステム、相互接続に至るまでスーパーコンピュータ全体を構築している...しかし最も重要なのはソフトウェアである」と語った。

彼は CUDA を AI の「オペレーティング システム」と呼びました。

CUDA に挑戦するのは非常に難しい場合があります 2006 年に CUDA が誕生して以来、Nvidia は、GPU での AI アプリケーションの実行を高速化および簡素化するための何百ものソフトウェア ツールとサービスの開発に数十億ドルを投資してきました。従業員数で見ると、Nvidia はハードウェアの 2 倍のソフトウェア エンジニアを抱えています。エンジニア。

AI投資会社Radical VenturesのパートナーであるDavid Katz氏は次のように述べています。

Nvidia が実際に構築したものを人々は過小評価しているように思います。彼らは自社製品を中心に効率的で使いやすく、実際に実行可能なソフトウェア エコシステムを構築し、複雑なものをシンプルにしています。

それにもかかわらず、Nvidia 製品の価格が高く、最先端のデバイスを購入するために長い行列ができたため、主要顧客は代替品を探すか、独自の GPU を開発するようになりました。

ただし、ほとんどの AI システムとアプリケーションは Nvidia の CUDA エコシステムで実行されるため、他の GPU (AMD の MI300、Intel の Gaudi 3、Amazon の Trainium など) 用にコードを書き直すには多大な時間とリスクがかかります。

AIスタートアップCentMLの最高経営責任者（CEO）でトロント大学コンピューターサイエンス准教授のゲンナディ・ペシュメンコ氏はメディアに次のように語った。

この分野で Nvidia と競争するには、競争力のあるハードウェアを構築するだけでなく、使いやすさも必要です。Nvidia チップのパフォーマンスは確かに優れていますが、私の意見では、その最大の利点はソフトウェアの点にあります。

Nvidia と比較すると、競争力のあるチップを構築することはすでに大きな課題となっており、ましてやソフトウェア エコシステム全体を構築して人々にそれを使い始めさせることはなおさらです。

Triton は Nvidia の市場シェアを弱める可能性があるが、シティグループのアナリストは、2030 年までに生成 AI チップ市場における Nvidia のシェアは依然として 63% に達すると推定しており、これは今後長年にわたり Nvidia が支配的であり続けることを意味している。

この記事がお役に立てば幸いです。 もしそうなら、チップをおくるどうぞ https://getalby.com/p/bitcap

日本のホスティングサービス Linux、Windowsクラウドホスティング データストレージ JPStream を使用して NOSTR リレーを作成する ホスティング サービスの料金をSatsで支払うことができます https://jpstream.net

@ 76c71aae:3e29cafa

The Curious Case of DSNP: Years of Effort, Minimal Output

It's been a while since I looked at DSNP. There’s news that its backer, Frank McCourt, is trying to put together a team to buy TikTok. That’s insane. The DSNP and Project Liberty team are well-meaning, but they’re even less equipped to run a social network or protocol than Elon Musk at his lowest point when he was firing engineers based on how many lines of code they’d written.

To check what’s happened with DSNP since I last looked a year ago, I just read the entire spec, and there's not actually that much to it. The amount of time and money spent on developing so little is quite stunning. While the spec is fine, it is minimal.

Key Features and Odd Choices

DSNP allows users to have a key pair, write content into a datastore, follow people, and sign messages. However, the protocol seems to mix up layers, specifying the wire protocol, signing system, and at-rest specification format that clients and user data servers might use (pds in atproto, instance in fedi, relay in nostr). They use the ActivityStreams 2.0 schema, which is a good choice. Many new protocols have created their own schemas, but I appreciate DSNP's use of the standard. I wish more protocols had not tried to reinvent the wheel in this respect.

Encrypted Direct Messages and Metadata Privacy

There’s mention in the whitepaper about encrypted direct messages, suggesting it’s possible to hide metadata using techniques from Ethereum’s Whisper. Although the specs or code about DMs don't elaborate much on this, it’s good to see an attempt to hide metadata. However, there’s nothing about double ratchet encryption, forward secrecy, or any advanced encryption techniques. So, overall, it feels quite basic.

Data Storage and Interesting Choices

For storing user data and posts, they're using Apache Parquet, a file format from Hadoop. This is probably the only neat or interesting aspect. I've been searching for a supported data format like Parquet for a while because I think it can facilitate privacy-preserving contact discovery, so it’s cool to see its inclusion here.

Minimal Data Types and Following Options

DSNP supports very minimal data types: post, follow, reaction, profile, and, oddly, location. You can follow publicly or privately, the latter being a neat feature that Scuttlebutt had but most of the current generation of emerging social protocols don't.

Lack of Comprehensive Features

There does not appear to be any client app or server code, which might not be needed. There is an SDK for some core functions, but that’s it. Their documentation lacks information on user discovery, algorithms, or anything beyond the basics.

The Verdict: A First Draft After Years of Work

It feels like someone spent millions and ended up with a naive first draft, despite working on this for years. It’s similar to the early sketches of Farcaster and Lens, but those protocols have grown significantly over the past couple of years, with real users, lots of functionality, and apps.

DSNP remains as vaporware today as it was four years ago. These clowns have wasted tens of millions of dollars on nothing. Some academics have happily taken the money to fund their research labs. Consultants have written and thrown away countless prototypes nobody’s ever used.

There are lots of serious projects to build decentralized social media protocols. All these folks had to do was either work with others or even copy them. This stuff is all open source. Yet DSNP keeps sending folks to conferences without talking to anybody or attending any talks.

It’s a shame because they’ve got their hearts in the right place. The Unfinished conferences are really well put together with lots of great speakers. They hired the supremely talented and savvy Karl Fogel and James Vasile to help them make their code and process open, but you can’t fix DSNP.

Fundamentally, software and specs are a social enterprise, even more so if you’re working on social protocols. But these folks… they’ve never figured out how to play well with others. The money and good intentions couldn’t overcome their fundamental failure to have the humility to learn and play well with others.

@ 9ecbb0e7:06ab7c09

Según nos reporta y documenta la familia, la niña pequeña de 3 años de edad Leadi Kataleya Naranjo, hija del preso de conciencia Idael Naranjo Pérez, ha sido citada para mañana por la Seguridad del Estado de #Cuba. La citación no ofrece duda e indica los dos nombres, apellido y la dirección de la abuela paterna, donde entregaron la citación, y la abuela también ha sido citada y amenazada de desobediencia. Si la niña no se presenta, amenazan de acusarla igualmente de "desobediencia". La abuela se preocupó, les dijo la edad, y aún así entregaron la citación y se fueron. Que "debían presentarse". Nada más. Desalmados son, pero... ¿Qué clase de locos de atar están al mando en #Cuba? ¿Qué pretenden citando y amenazando a una niña de 3 años? Esa niña no puede ir a esa ignominiosa citación. ¿A oír qué? ¿A responder qué? El tema da ASCO. La familia no quiere llevar a la niña, y necesitan todo el apoyo para que esta locura se aclare y se detenga. Desgraciadamente hemos visto cosas iguales o peores. Niños amenazados, separados por la fuerza de sus padres, menores torturados... El régimen de Cuba da mucho asco, por todos lados rezuma repugnancia y degradación. Todo lo que sucede en Cuba clama al cielo, y estas barbaries son distópicas. ¡MANTENGAN AL MARGEN A LOS NIÑOS, DESALMADOS ENFERMOS! Bastante daño causan con la Ley de los 8 años que tiene a miles de niños huérfanos, separados forzosamente de sus madres para castigarlas a ellas por no doblegarse a trabajar en las misiones médicas esclavas de Cuba en el exterior, como sentenció el Comité de los Derechos del Niño. ¡BASTA YA!

11jul #11j #11jCuba #CubaEsUnaDictadura #UNICEF @uniceflac @unicefenespanol

@ c6fca539:dba5bdc3

In the rapidly evolving Web3 environment, the importance of strengthening security measures is increasingly evident. For Ingonyama, a company specializing in digital security technologies, its ICICLE technology has made it a significant presence in the industry. ICICLE not only optimizes the execution efficiency of Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) but also significantly reduces computational costs, enhancing overall computational performance.

Recently, Ingonyama has formed a strategic partnership with hardware acceleration company Accseal (Zhixin Huaxi). The two companies are integrating their products — Accseal’s Leo and Ingonyama’s ICICLE v3. This collaboration is expected to further enhance the performance and usability of ZKP (Zero-Knowledge Proof) applications. Additionally, Ingonyama has leveraged its technology platform to launch a new game based on ZK+MPC (Zero-Knowledge + Multi-Party Computation) technology, offering users a novel gaming experience.

On the hardware front, Ingonyama has introduced ICICLE-NG (non-GPU version), an advanced hardware configuration optimized for ZK workloads. By utilizing high-core-count CPUs, cutting-edge Nvidia GPUs, and substantial RAM, ICICLE-NG provides developers with a seamless transition from a local development environment to one optimized specifically for ZK workloads.

Next, we will delve into the specific applications and future prospects of Ingonyama’s digital security technology — ICICLE and its hardware innovations, demonstrating how it is leading the trend in the Web3 security domain.

About ICICLE: Advanced Acceleration Technology Driving Web3 Security Partnership with Accseal: Integrating Leo Chip and ICICLE v3

In early May, the collaboration between Ingonyama’s ICICLE technology and Accseal’s Leo product marked a significant milestone in technological innovation for both companies. This partnership not only signifies a powerful alliance between two leading enterprises but also heralds a new direction for the future development of ZKP hardware acceleration technology.

Background of the Innovative Collaboration

Accseal has already achieved remarkable success in the field of ZKP hardware acceleration, particularly with the development and launch of its Leo product. Leo is the market’s first ASIC chip specifically designed for ZKP, compatible with the major zk-SNARK algorithms, making it the preferred hardware for ZKP computation. Meanwhile, ICICLE, as an efficient GPU cryptography library, has introduced its latest version, ICICLE v3, providing robust computational support and a streamlined development experience for ZKP applications.

Specific Implementation of the Collaboration

In the second quarter of 2024, Accseal plans to mass-produce miner servers based on Leo, becoming the world’s first company to complete ZKP ASIC miner production. These miners will offer multiple configuration options, outperform other solutions on the market, and be available at lower prices. This move is set to promote the widespread adoption of ZKP hardware and reduce the overall cost of the industry.

Simultaneously, the strategic partnership between Accseal and Ingonyama will see a deep integration of Leo chips with ICICLE v3. Through this collaboration, ICICLE v3 will fully support Leo ZKP-ASIC, achieving breakthroughs in the ZK cloud computing field. Their collaboration will also extend to the development of ZK cloud computing pools, further reducing computational costs and enhancing performance.

In summary, the close cooperation between ICICLE v3 and Leo will bring unprecedented computational efficiency and cost-effectiveness to ZKP applications. Additionally, Leo’s technology will be integrated into Ingonyama’s ZaKi deployment architecture, paving the way for the development of more cost-effective ZK prover instances. This partnership is not just a technological collaboration but a shared vision between the two companies to advance ZKP technology. Both the Accseal and Ingonyama teams are highly optimistic about this collaboration, hoping that their joint efforts will further enhance product performance and drive innovative development in the ZK cloud computing industry.

Core Technologies and Features of ICICLE ICICLE is a GPU-based cryptography library designed to accelerate zero-knowledge proofs (ZK). Since its launch in March 2023, the library has rapidly evolved, now supporting multiple programming languages such as Golang, Rust, and C++. It integrates with various frameworks like Gnark and Lambdaworks. ICICLE significantly enhances computational efficiency by implementing high-speed cryptographic primitives on GPUs, including elliptic curve (EC) operations, multi-scalar multiplication (MSM), number theoretic transform (NTT), and Poseidon hash.

The latest version of ICICLE introduces support for polynomial arithmetic and small fields, further expanding its capabilities. This allows for comprehensive end-to-end GPU-based proving. These features not only drastically reduce proving time (experiments show up to a tenfold increase in speed) but also facilitate easy integration into existing proving systems, providing significant convenience for circuit developers and ZK provers.

Development and Application Scenarios

ICICLE’s powerful capabilities make it the preferred technology for leaders in various fields. For instance, leading ZK companies like Celer Network and Gnark have adopted ICICLE to accelerate their proving processes. Additionally, ICICLE offers developers the opportunity to access GPU resources for free on Google Colab, enabling easy experimentation and prototyping. The Vast.ai platform provides a global GPU marketplace, allowing developers to rent GPU resources as needed, further lowering the barrier to entry.

Collaboration with ICICLE-NG and the ZaKi Platform

The ZaKi platform leverages ICICLE’s capabilities, particularly its latest GPU-less version, ICICLE-NG, to provide a specialized hardware-optimized environment for ZK computations. This platform is designed to eliminate hardware setup and configuration hurdles, enabling teams to focus on developing ZK applications. By adopting a pay-per-proof model, ZaKi offers cost-effective solutions, which is crucial for scaling ZK provers within data centers.

ZaKi’s technical prowess is also evident in its design philosophy — centered around developers, it simplifies the process of leveraging powerful computing resources. This not only enables development teams to enjoy the benefits of advanced ZK proofs without delving deeply into hardware knowledge but also alleviates the burden typically associated with such upgrades through continuous software and hardware support.

ICICLE technology and its applications bring revolutionary changes to the security domain of Web3 by providing efficient and scalable ZK proof computing capabilities. Whether offering GPU-accelerated solutions for circuit developers or eliminating hardware barriers through the ZaKi platform, ICICLE demonstrates its potential in advancing the forefront of blockchain technology security. With more enterprises and developers embracing this technology, we can anticipate the arrival of a more secure and efficient Web3 world.