@ 44dc1c2d:31c74f0b

Chef's notes

If you don't have peanuts, you can sub it with peanut butter, but you'll want to cook with less salt as the peanut butter can add too much salt to the dish.

Details

• 🍽️ Servings: 4

Ingredients

• 2 1/2 cups Coconut Milk
• 3 Tbsp Red Curry Paste
• 3 Tbsp Thai Fish Sauce
• 2 Tbsp Palm sugar or light brown sugar
• 1 LB rump streak cut into thin strips
• 2 Lemon Grass Stalks, Bruised
• 3 oz Ground Roasted Peanuts
• 2 Fresh Red Chilies, Sliced
• 5 Kaffir Lime Leaves, Torn
• Salt and Pepper
• Thai Basil for Garnish
• 2 Salted eggs to serve with

Directions

1. Put half the coconut milk in a large pan or Wok and heat gently until it begins to boil and separate.
2. Add the curry paste and cook over medium heat until fragrant. Then add the Fish sauce, sugar and lemon grass.
3. Continue to cook until the color of the sauce deepens
4. Add the remaining coconut milk. Bring back to boil. Add the beef and peanuts. Cook for another ~10 min
5. Add the chilies and the torn Kaffir Lime and adjust the seasoning. Garnish with whole Basil leaves and serve with a salted egg and rice.

@ b60c3e76:c9d0f46e

KRIS menjamin semua golongan masyarakat mendapatkan perlakuan sama dari rumah sakit, baik pelayanan medis maupun nonmedis.

Demi memberikan peningkatan kualitas layanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat, pemerintah baru saja mengeluarkan Peraturan Presiden (Perpres) nomor 59 tahun 2024 tentang Jaminan Kesehatan. Melalui perpres itu, Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi) telah menghapus perbedaan kelas layanan 1, 2, dan 3 dalam Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial atau BPJS Kesehatan.

Layanan berbasis kelas itu diganti dengan KRIS (Kelas Rawat Inap Standar). Berkaitan dengan lahirnya Perpres 59/2024 tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Perpres 82/2018 tentang Jaminan Kesehatan, Presiden Joko Widodo telah memerintahkan seluruh rumah sakit yang bekerja sama dengan BPJS Kesehatan melaksanakannya.

Kebijakan baru itu mulai berlaku per 8 Mei 2024 dan paling lambat 30 Juni 2025. Dalam jangka waktu tersebut, rumah sakit dapat menyelenggarakan sebagian atau seluruh pelayanan rawat inap berdasarkan KRIS sesuai dengan kemampuan rumah sakit.

Lantas apa yang menjadi pembeda dari sisi layanan dengan layanan rawat inap sesuai Perpres 59/2024? Dahulu sistem layanan rawat BPJS Kesehatan dibagi berdasarkan kelas yang dibagi masing-masing kelas 1, 2, dan 3. Namun, melalui perpres, layanan kepada masyarakat tidak dibedakan lagi.

Pelayanan rawat inap yang diatur dalam perpres itu--dikenal dengan nama KRIS—menjadi sistem baru yang digunakan dalam pelayanan rawat inap BPJS Kesehatan di rumah sakit-rumah sakit. Dengan KRIS, semua golongan masyarakat akan mendapatkan perlakuan yang sama dari rumah sakit, baik dalam hal pelayanan medis maupun nonmedis.

Dengan lahirnya Perpres 59/2024, tarif iuran BPJS Kesehatan pun juga akan berubah. Hanya saja, dalam Perpres itu belum dicantumkan secara rinci ihwal besar iuran yang baru. Besaran iuran baru BPJS Kesehatan itu sesuai rencana baru ditetapkan pada 1 Juli 2025.

“Penetapan manfaat, tarif, dan iuran sebagaimana dimaksud ditetapkan paling lambat tanggal 1 Juli 2025,” tulis aturan tersebut, dikutip Senin (13/5/2024).

Itu artinya, iuran BPJS Kesehatan saat ini masih sama seperti sebelumnya, yakni sesuai dengan kelas yang dipilih. Namun perpres itu tetap berlaku sembari menanti lahirnya peraturan lanjutan dari perpres tersebut.

Kesiapan Rumah Sakit

Berkaitan dengan lahirnya kebijakan layanan kesehatan tanpa dibedakan kelas lagi, Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes) menegaskan mayoritas rumah sakit di Indonesia siap untuk menjalankan layanan KRIS untuk pasien BPJS Kesehatan.

Kesiapan itu diungkapkan oleh Dirjen Pelayanan Kesehatan Kemenkes Azhar Jaya. “Survei kesiapan RS terkait KRIS sudah dilakukan pada 2.988 rumah sakit dan yang sudah siap menjawab isian 12 kriteria ada sebanyak 2.233 rumah sakit,” ujar Azhar.

Sebagai informasi, KRIS adalah pengganti layanan Kelas 1, 2, dan 3 BPJS Kesehatan yang bertujuan untuk memberikan layanan kesehatan secara merata tanpa melihat besaran iurannya.

Melalui KRIS, rumah sakit perlu menyiapkan sarana dan prasarana sesuai dengan 12 kriteria kelas rawat inap standar secara bertahap. Apa saja ke-12 kriteria KRIS itu?

Sesuai bunyi Pasal 46A Perpres 59/2024, disyaratkan kriteria fasilitas perawatan dan pelayanan rawat inap KRIS meliputi komponen bangunan yang digunakan tidak boleh memiliki tingkat porositas yang tinggi serta terdapat ventilasi udara dan kelengkapan tidur.

Demikian pula soal pencahayaan ruangan. Perpres itu juga mengatur pencahayaan ruangan buatan mengikuti kriteria standar 250 lux untuk penerangan dan 50 lux untuk pencahayaan tidur, temperature ruangan 20--26 derajat celcius.

Tidak hanya itu, layanan rawat inap berdasarkan perpres itu mensyaratkan fasilitas layanan yang membagi ruang rawat berdasarkan jenis kelamin pasien, anak atau dewasa, serta penyakit infeksi atau noninfeksi.

Selain itu, kriteria lainnya adalah keharusan bagi penyedia layanan untuk mempertimbangkan kepadatan ruang rawat dan kualitas tempat tidur, penyediaan tirai atau partisi antartempat tidur, kamar mandi dalam ruangan rawat inap yang memenuhi standar aksesibilitas, dan menyediakan outlet oksigen.

Selain itu, kelengkapan tempat tidur berupa adanya dua kotak kontak dan nurse call pada setiap tempat tidur dan adanya nakas per tempat tidur. Kepadatan ruang rawat inap maksimal empat tempat tidur dengan jarak antara tepi tempat tidur minimal 1,5 meter.

Tirai/partisi dengan rel dibenamkan menempel di plafon atau menggantung. Kamar mandi dalam ruang rawat inap serta kamar mandi sesuai dengan standar aksesibilitas dan outlet oksigen.

Azhar menjamin, Kemenkes akan menjalankan hal tersebut sesuai dengan tupoksi yang ada. “Tentu saja kami akan bekerja sama dengan BPJS Kesehatan dalam implementasi dan pengawasannya di lapangan,” ujar Azhar.

Berkaitan dengan perpres jaminan kesehatan itu, Direktur Utama BPJS Kesehatan Ghufron Mukti menilai, perpres tersebut berorientasi pada penyeragaman kelas rawat inap yang mengacu pada 12 kriteria. "Bahwa perawatan ada kelas rawat inap standar dengan 12 kriteria, untuk peserta BPJS, maka sebagaimana sumpah dokter tidak boleh dibedakan pemberian pelayan medis atas dasar suku, agama, status sosial atau beda iurannya," ujarnya.

Jika ada peserta ingin dirawat pada kelas yang lebih tinggi, kata Ghufron, maka diperbolehkan selama hal itu dipengaruhi situasi nonmedis. Hal itu disebutkan dalam Pasal 51 Perpres Jaminan Kesehatan diatur ketentuan naik kelas perawatan.

Menurut pasal tersebut, naik kelas perawatan dilakukan dengan cara mengikuti asuransi kesehatan tambahan atau membayar selisih antara biaya yang dijamin oleh BPJS Kesehatan dengan biaya yang harus dibayar akibat peningkatan pelayanan.

Selisih antara biaya yang dijamin oleh BPJS Kesehatan dengan biaya pelayanan dapat dibayar oleh peserta bersangkutan, pemberi kerja, atau asuransi kesehatan tambahan.

Ghufron Mukti juga mengimbau pengelola rumah sakit tidak mengurangi jumlah tempat tidur perawatan pasien dalam upaya memenuhi kriteria KRIS. "Pesan saya jangan dikurangi akses dengan mengurangi jumlah tempat tidur. Pertahankan jumlah tempat tidur dan penuhi persyaratannya dengan 12 kriteria tersebut," tegas Ghufron.

Penulis: Firman Hidranto Redaktur: Ratna Nuraini/Elvira Inda Sari Sumber: Indonesia.go.id

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

Lot of people are starting to talk about building a web-of-trust and how nostr can or is already being used as such

We all know about using the kind:3 following lists as a simple WoT that can be used to filter out spam. but as we all know it does not really signal "trust", its mostly just "I find your content interesting"

But what about real "trust"... well its kind of multi-denominational, I could trust that your a good developer or a good journalist but still not trust you enough to invite you over to my house. There are some interesting and clever solutions proposed for quantifying "trust" in a digital sense but I'm not going to get into that here. I want to talk about something that I have not see anyone discuss yet.

How is the web-of-trust maintained? or more precisely how do you expect users to update the digital representation of the "trust" of other users?

Its all well and good to think of how a user would create that "trust" of another user when discovering them for the first time. They would click the "follow" button, or maybe even rate them on a few topics with a 1/5 star system But how will a user remove that trust? how will they update it if things change and they trust them less?

If our goal is to model "trust" in a digital sense then we NEED a way for the data to stay up-to-date and as accurate as possible. otherwise whats the use? If we don't have a friction-less way to update or remove the digital representation of "trust" then we will end up with a WoT that continuously grows and everyone is rated 10/10

In the case of nostr kind:3 following lists. its pretty easy to see how these would get updated. If someone posts something I dislike or I notice I'm getting board of their content. then I just unfollow them. An important part here is that I'm not thinking "I should update my trust score of this user" but instead "I'm no longer interested, I don't want to see this anymore"

But that is probably the easiest "trust" to update. because most of us on social media spend some time curating our feed and we are used to doing it. But what about the more obscure "trust" scores? whats the regular mechanism by which a user would update the "honestly" score of another user?

In the real world its easy, when I stop trusting someone I simply stop associating with them. there isn't any button or switch I need to update. I simply don't talk to them anymore, its friction-less But in the digital realm I would have to remove or update that trust. in other words its an action I need to take instead of an action I'm not doing. and actions take energy.

So how do we reflect something in the digital world that takes no-energy and is almost subconscious in the real world?

TLDR; webs-of-trust are not just about scoring other users once. you must keep the score up-to-date

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

While I was in Mediera with all the other awesome people at the first SEC cohort there where a lot of discussions around data storage on nostr and if it could be made censorship-resistent

I remember lots of discussions about torrents, hypercore, nostr relays, and of course IPFS

There were a few things I learned from all these conversations:

1. All the existing solutions have one thing in common. A universal ID of some kind for files
2. HTTP is still good. we don't have to throw the baby out with the bath water
3. nostr could fix this... somehow

Some of the existing solutions work well for large files, and all of them are decentralization in some way. However none of them seem capable of serving up cat pictures for social media clients. they all have something missing...

An Identity system

An identity system would allow files to be "owned" by users. and once files have owners servers could start grouping files into a single thing instead of a 1000+ loose files

This can also greatly simplify the question of "what is spam" for a server hosting (or seeding) these files. since it could simply have a whitelist of owners (and maybe their friends)

What is blossom?

Blossom is a set of HTTP endpoints that allow nostr users to store and retrieve binary data on public servers using the sha256 hash as a universal id

What are Blobs?

blobs are chunks of binary data. they are similar to files but with one key difference, they don't have names

Instead blobs have a sha256 hash (like b1674191a88ec5cdd733e4240a81803105dc412d6c6708d53ab94fc248f4f553) as an ID

These IDs are universal since they can be computed from the file itself using the sha256 hashing algorithm ( you can get a files sha256 hash on linux using: sha256sum bitcoin.pdf )

How do the servers work?

Blossom servers expose four endpoints to let clients and users upload and manage blobs

• GET /<sha256> (optional file .ext)
• PUT /upload
• Authentication: Signed nostr event
• Returns a blob descriptor
• GET /list/<pubkey>
• Returns an array of blob descriptors
• Authentication (optional): Signed nostr event
• DELETE /<sha256>
• Authentication: Signed nostr event

What is Blossom Drive?

Blossom Drive is a nostr app built on top of blossom servers and allows users to create and manage folders of blobs

What are Drives

Drives are just nostr events (kind 30563) that store a map of blobs and what filename they should have along with some extra metadata

An example drive event would be json { "pubkey": "266815e0c9210dfa324c6cba3573b14bee49da4209a9456f9484e5106cd408a5", "created_at": 1710773987, "content": "", "kind": 30563, "tags": [ [ "name", "Emojis" ], [ "description", "nostr emojis" ], [ "d", "emojis" ], [ "r", "https://cdn.hzrd149.com/" ], [ "x", "303f018e613f29e3e43264529903b7c8c84debbd475f89368cb293ec23938981", "/noStrudel.png", "15161", "image/png" ], [ "x", "a0e2b39975c8da1702374b3eed6f4c6c7333e6ae0008dadafe93bd34bfb2ca78", "/satellite.png", "6853", "image/png" ], [ "x", "e8f3fae0f4a43a88eae235a8b79794d72e8f14b0e103a0fed1e073d8fb53d51f", "/amethyst.png", "20487", "image/png" ], [ "x", "70bd5836807b916d79e9c4e67e8b07e3e3b53f4acbb95c7521b11039a3c975c6", "/nos.png", "36521", "image/png" ], [ "x", "0fc304630279e0c5ab2da9c2769e3a3178c47b8609b447a30916244e89abbc52", "/primal.png", "29343", "image/png" ], [ "x", "9a03824a73d4af192d893329bbc04cd3798542ee87af15051aaf9376b74b25d4", "/coracle.png", "18300", "image/png" ], [ "x", "accdc0cdc048f4719bb5e1da4ff4c6ffc1a4dbb7cf3afbd19b86940c01111568", "/iris.png", "24070", "image/png" ], [ "x", "2e740f2514d6188e350d95cf4756bbf455d2f95e6a09bc64e94f5031bc4bba8f", "/damus.png", "32758", "image/png" ], [ "x", "2e019f08da0c75fb9c40d81947e511c8f0554763bffb6d23a7b9b8c9e8c84abb", "/old emojis/astral.png", "29365", "image/png" ], [ "x", "d97f842f2511ce0491fe0de208c6135b762f494a48da59926ce15acfdb6ac17e", "/other/rabbit.png", "19803", "image/png" ], [ "x", "72cb99b689b4cfe1a9fb6937f779f3f9c65094bf0e6ac72a8f8261efa96653f5", "/blossom.png", "4393", "image/png" ] ] }

There is a lot going on but the main thing is the list of "x" tags and the path that describes the folder and filename the blob should live at

If your interested, the full event definition is at github.com/hzrd149/blossom-drive

Getting started

Like every good nostr client it takes a small instruction manual in order to use it properly. so here are the steps for getting started

1. Open the app

Open https://blossom.hzrd149.com

2. Login using extension

You can also login using any of the following methods using the input - NIP-46 with your https://nsec.app or https://flare.pub account - a NIP-46 connection string - an ncryptsec password protected private key - a nsec unprotected private key (please don't) - bunker:// URI from nsecbunker

3. Add a blossom server

Right now https://cdn.satellite.earth is the only public server that is compatible with blossom drive. If you want to host your own I've written a basic implementation in TypeScript github.com/hzrd149/blossom-server

4. Start uploading your files

NOTE: All files upload to blossom drive are public by default. DO NOT upload private files

5. Manage files

Encrypted drives

There is also the option to encrypt drives using NIP-49 password encryption. although its not tested at all so don't trust it, verify

Whats next?

I don't know, but Im excited to see what everyone else on nostr builds with this. I'm only one developer at the end of the day and I can't think of everything

also all the images in this article are stored in one of my blossom drives here

nostr:naddr1qvzqqqrhvvpzqfngzhsvjggdlgeycm96x4emzjlwf8dyyzdfg4hefp89zpkdgz99qq8xzun5d93kcefdd9kkzem9wvr46jka

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Nostr is not decentralized nor censorship-resistant

Peter Todd has been saying this for a long time and all the time I've been thinking he is misunderstanding everything, but I guess a more charitable interpretation is that he is right.

Nostr today is indeed centralized.

Yesterday I published two harmless notes with the exact same content at the same time. In two minutes the notes had a noticeable difference in responses:

The top one was published to wss://nostr.wine, wss://nos.lol, wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com. The second was published to the relay where I generally publish all my notes to, wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com, and that is announced on my NIP-05 file and on my NIP-65 relay list.

A few minutes later I published that screenshot again in two identical notes to the same sets of relays, asking if people understood the implications. The difference in quantity of responses can still be seen today:

These results are skewed now by the fact that the two notes got rebroadcasted to multiple relays after some time, but the fundamental point remains.

What happened was that a huge lot more of people saw the first note compared to the second, and if Nostr was really censorship-resistant that shouldn't have happened at all.

Some people implied in the comments, with an air of obviousness, that publishing the note to "more relays" should have predictably resulted in more replies, which, again, shouldn't be the case if Nostr is really censorship-resistant.

What happens is that most people who engaged with the note are following me, in the sense that they have instructed their clients to fetch my notes on their behalf and present them in the UI, and clients are failing to do that despite me making it clear in multiple ways that my notes are to be found on wss://pyramid.fiatjaf.com.

If we were talking not about me, but about some public figure that was being censored by the State and got banned (or shadowbanned) by the 3 biggest public relays, the sad reality would be that the person would immediately get his reach reduced to ~10% of what they had before. This is not at all unlike what happened to dozens of personalities that were banned from the corporate social media platforms and then moved to other platforms -- how many of their original followers switched to these other platforms? Probably some small percentage close to 10%. In that sense Nostr today is similar to what we had before.

Peter Todd is right that if the way Nostr works is that you just subscribe to a small set of relays and expect to get everything from them then it tends to get very centralized very fast, and this is the reality today.

Peter Todd is wrong that Nostr is inherently centralized or that it needs a protocol change to become what it has always purported to be. He is in fact wrong today, because what is written above is not valid for all clients of today, and if we drive in the right direction we can successfully make Peter Todd be more and more wrong as time passes, instead of the contrary.

---

See also:

• Censorship-resistant relay discovery in Nostr
• A vision for content discovery and relay usage for basic social-networking in Nostr

@ f977c464:32fcbe00

Güneşin kaybolmasının üçüncü günü, saat öğlen on ikiyi yirmi geçiyordu. Trenin kalkmasına yaklaşık iki saat vardı. Hepimiz perondaydık. Valizlerimiz, kolilerimiz, renk renk ve biçimsiz çantalarımızla yan yana dizilmiş, kısa aralıklarla tepemizdeki devasa saati kontrol ediyorduk.

Ama ne kadar dik bakarsak bakalım zaman bir türlü istediğimiz hızla ilerlemiyordu. Herkes birkaç dakika sürmesi gereken alelade bir doğa olayına sıkışıp kalmış, karanlıktan sürünerek çıkmayı deniyordu.

Bekleme salonuna doğru döndüm. Nefesimden çıkan buharın arkasında, kalın taş duvarları ve camlarıyla morg kadar güvenli ve soğuk duruyordu. Cesetleri o yüzden bunun gibi yerlere taşımaya başlamışlardı. Demek insanların bütün iyiliği başkaları onları gördüğü içindi ki gündüzleri gecelerden daha karanlık olduğunda hemen birbirlerinin gırtlağına çökmüş, böğürlerinde delikler açmış, gözlerini oyup kafataslarını parçalamışlardı.

İstasyonun ışığı titrediğinde karanlığın enseme saplandığını hissettim. Eğer şimdi, böyle kalabalık bir yerde elektrik kesilse başımıza ne gelirdi?

İçerideki askerlerden biri bakışlarımı yakalayınca yeniden saate odaklanmış gibi yaptım. Sadece birkaç dakika geçmişti.

“Tarlalarım gitti. Böyle boyum kadar ayçiçeği doluydu. Ah, hepsi ölüp gidiyor. Afitap’ın çiçekleri de gi-”

“Dayı, Allah’ını seversen sus. Hepimizi yakacaksın şimdi.”

Karanlıkta durduğunda, görünmez olmayı istemeye başlıyordun. Kimse seni görmemeli, nefesini bile duymamalıydı. Kimsenin de ayağının altında dolaşmamalıydın; gelip kazayla sana çarpmamalılar, takılıp sendelememeliydiler. Yoksa aslında hedefi sen olmadığın bir öfke gürlemeye başlar, yaşadığın ilk şoku ve acıyı silerek üstünden geçerdi.

İlk konuşan, yaşlıca bir adam, kafasında kasketi, nasırlı ellerine hohluyordu. Gözleri ve burnu kızarmıştı. Güneşin kaybolması onun için kendi başına bir felaket değildi. Hayatına olan pratik yansımalarından korkuyordu olsa olsa. Bir anının kaybolması, bu yüzden çoktan kaybettiği birinin biraz daha eksilmesi. Hayatta kalmasını gerektiren sebepler azalırken, hayatta kalmasını sağlayacak kaynaklarını da kaybediyordu.

Onu susturan delikanlıysa atkısını bütün kafasına sarmış, sakalı ve yüzünün derinliklerine kaçmış gözleri dışında bedeninin bütün parçalarını gizlemeye çalışıyordu. İşte o, güneşin kaybolmasının tam olarak ne anlama geldiğini anlamamış olsa bile, dehşetini olduğu gibi hissedebilenlerdendi.

Güneşin onlardan alındıktan sonra kime verileceğini sormuyorlardı. En başta onlara verildiğinde de hiçbir soru sormamışlardı zaten.

İki saat ne zaman geçer?

Midemin üstünde, sağ tarafıma doğru keskin bir acı hissettim. Karaciğerim. Gözlerimi yumdum. Yanımda biri metal bir nesneyi yere bıraktı. Bir kafesti. İçerisindeki kartalın ıslak kokusu burnuma ulaşmadan önce bile biliyordum bunu.

“Yeniden mi?” diye sordu bana kartal. Kanatları kanlı. Zamanın her bir parçası tüylerinin üstüne çöreklenmişti. Gagası bir şey, tahminen et parçası geveliyor gibi hareket ediyordu. Eski anılar kolay unutulmazmış. Şu anda kafesinin kalın parmaklıklarının ardında olsa da bunun bir aldatmaca olduğunu bir tek ben biliyordum. Her an kanatlarını iki yana uzatıverebilir, hava bu hareketiyle dalgalanarak kafesi esneterek hepimizi içine alacak kadar genişleyebilir, parmaklıklar önce ayaklarımızın altına serilir gibi gözükebilir ama aslında hepimizin üstünde yükselerek tepemize çökebilirdi.

Aşağıya baktım. Tahtalarla zapt edilmiş, hiçbir yere gidemeyen ama her yere uzanan tren rayları. Atlayıp koşsam… Çantam çok ağırdı. Daha birkaç adım atamadan, kartal, suratını bedenime gömerdi.

“Bu sefer farklı,” diye yanıtladım onu. “Yeniden diyemezsin. Tekrarladığım bir şey değil bu. Hatta bir hata yapıyormuşum gibi tonlayamazsın da. Bu sefer, insanların hak etmediğini biliyorum.”

“O zaman daha vahim. Süzme salaksın demektir.”

“İnsanların hak etmemesi, insanlığın hak etmediği anlamına gelmez ki.”

Az önce göz göze geldiğim genççe ama çökük asker hâlâ bana bakıyordu. Bir kartalla konuştuğumu anlamamıştı şüphesiz. Yanımdakilerden biriyle konuştuğumu sanmış olmalıydı. Ama konuştuğum kişiye bakmıyordum ona göre. Çekingence kafamı eğmiştim. Bir kez daha göz göze geldiğimizde içerideki diğer iki askere bir şeyler söyledi, onlar dönüp beni süzerken dışarı çıktı.

Yanımızdaki, az önce konuşan iki adam da şaşkınlıkla bir bana bir kartala bakıyordu.

“Yalnız bu sefer kalbin de kırılacak, Prometheus,” dedi kartal, bana. “Belki son olur. Biliyorsun, bir sürü soruna neden oluyor bu yaptıkların.”

Beni koruyordu sözde. En çok kanıma dokunan buydu. Kasıklarımın üstüne oturmuş, kanlı suratının ardında gözleri parlarken attığı çığlık kulaklarımda titremeye devam ediyordu. Bu tabloda kimsenin kimseyi düşündüğü yoktu. Kartalın, yanımızdaki adamların, artık arkama kadar gelmiş olması gereken askerin, tren raylarının, geçmeyen saatlerin…

Arkamı döndüğümde, asker sahiden oradaydı. Zaten öyle olması gerekiyordu; görmüştüm bunu, biliyordum. Kehanetler… Bir şeyler söylüyordu ama ağzı oynarken sesi çıkmıyordu. Yavaşlamış, kendisini saatin akışına uydurmuştu. Havada donan tükürüğünden anlaşılıyordu, sinirliydi. Korktuğu için olduğunu biliyordum. Her seferinde korkmuşlardı. Beni unutmuş olmaları işlerini kolaylaştırmıyordu. Sadece yeni bir isim vermelerine neden oluyordu. Bu seferkiyle beni lanetleyecekleri kesinleşmişti.

Olması gerekenle olanların farklı olması ne kadar acınasıydı. Olması gerekenlerin doğasının kötücül olmasıysa bir yerde buna dayanıyordu.

“Salaksın,” dedi kartal bana. Zamanı aşan bir çığlık. Hepimizin önüne geçmişti ama kimseyi durduramıyordu.

Sonsuzluğa kaç tane iki saat sıkıştırabilirsiniz?

Ben bir tane bile sıkıştıramadım.

Çantama uzanıyordum. Asker de sırtındaki tüfeğini indiriyordu. Benim acelem yoktu, onunsa eli ayağı birbirine dolaşıyordu. Oysaki her şey tam olması gerektiği anda olacaktı. Kehanet başkasının parmaklarının ucundaydı.

Güneş, bir tüfeğin patlamasıyla yeryüzüne doğdu.

Rayların üzerine serilmiş göğsümün ortasından, bir çantanın içinden.

Not: Bu öykü ilk olarak 2021 yılında Esrarengiz Hikâyeler'de yayımlanmıştır.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

O Planetinha

Fumaça verde me entrando pelas narinas e um coro desafinado fazia uma base melódica.

nos confins da galáxia havia um planetinha isolado. Era um planeta feliz.

O homem vestido de mago começava a aparecer por detrás da fumaça verde.

O planetinha recebeu três presentes, mas o seu habitante, o homem, estava num estado de confusão tão grande que ameaçava estragá-los. Os homens já havia escravizado o primeiro presente, a vida; lutavam contra o segundo presente, a morte; e havia alguns que achavam que deviam destruir totalmente o terceiro, o amor, e com isto levar a desordem total ao pobre planetinha perdido, que se chamava Terra.

O coro desafinado entrou antes do "Terra" cantando várias vezes, como se imitasse um eco, "terra-terra-terraaa". Depois de uma pausa dramática, o homem vestido de mago voltou a falar.

Terra, nossa nave mãe.

Neste momento eu me afastei. À frente do palco onde o mago e seu coral faziam apelos à multidão havia vários estandes cobertos com a tradicional armação de quatro pernas e lona branca. Em todos os cantos da praça havia gente, gente dos mais variados tipos. Visitantes curiosos que se aproximavam atraídos pela fumaça verde e as barraquinhas, gente que aproveitava o movimento para vender doces sem pagar imposto, casais que se abraçavam de pé para espantar o frio, os tradicionais corredores que faziam seu cooper, gente cheia de barba e vestida para imitar os hippies dos anos 60 e vender colares estendidos no chão, transeuntes novos e velhos, vestidos como baladeiros ou como ativistas do ônibus grátis, grupos de ciclistas entusiastas.

O mago fazia agora apelos para que nós, os homens, habitantes do isolado planetinha, passássemos a ver o planetinha, nossa nave mãe, como um todo, e adquiríssemos a consciência de que ele estava entrando em maus lençóis. A idéia, reforçada pela logomarca do evento, era que parássemos de olhar só para a nossa vida e pensássemos no planeta.

A logomarca do evento, um desenho estilizado do planeta Terra, nada tinha a ver com seu nome: "Festival Andando de Bem com a Vida", mas havia sido ali colocada estrategicamente pelos organizadores, de quem parecia justamente sair a mensagem dita pelo mago.

Aquela multidão de pessoas que, assim como eu, tinham suas próprias preocupações, não podiam ver o quadro caótico que formavam, cada uma com seus atos isolados, ali naquela praça isolada, naquele planeta isolado. Quando o hippie barbudo, quase um Osho, assustava um casal para tentar vender-lhes um colar, a quantidade de caos que isto acrescentava à cena era gigantesca. Por um segundo, pude ver, como se estivesse de longe e acima, com toda a pretensão que este estado imaginativo carrega, a cena completa do caos.

---

Uma nave-mãe, dessas de ficção científica, habitada por milhões de pessoas, seguia no espaço sem rumo, e sem saber que logo à frente um longo precipício espacial a esperava, para a desgraça completa sua e de seus habitantes.

Acostumados àquela nave tanto quanto outrora estiveram acostumados à sua terra natal, os homens viviam as próprias vidas sem nem se lembrar que estavam vagando pelo espaço. Ninguém sabia quem estava conduzindo a nave, e ninguém se importava.

No final do filme descobre-se que era a soma completa do caos que cada habitante produzia, com seus gestos egoístas e incapazes de levar em conta a totalidade, é que determinava a direção da nave-mãe. O efeito, no entanto, não era imediato, como nunca é. Havia gente de verdade encarregada de conduzir a nave, mas era uma gente bêbada, mau-caráter, que vivia brigando pelo controle da nave e o poder que isto lhes dava. Poder, status, dinheiro!

Essa gente bêbada era atraída até ali pela corrupção das instituições e da moral comum que, no fundo no fundo, era causada pelo egoísmo da população, através de um complexo -- mas que no filme aparece simplificado pela ação individual de um magnata do divertimento público -- processo social.

O homem vestido de mago era mais um agente causador de caos, com sua cena cheia de fumaça e sua roupa estroboscópica, ele achava que estava fazendo o bem ao alertar sua platéia, todos as sextas-feiras, de que havia algo que precisava ser feito, que cada um que estava ali ouvindo era responsável pelo planeta. A sua incapacidade, porém, de explicar o que precisava ser feito só aumentava a angústia geral; a culpa que ele jogava sobre seu público, e que era prontamente aceita e passada em frente, aos familiares e amigos de cada um, atormentava-os diariamente e os impedia de ter uma vida decente no trabalho e em casa. As famílias, estressadas, estavam constantemente brigando e os motivos mais insignificantes eram responsáveis pelas mais horrendas conseqüências.

O mago, que após o show tirava o chapéu entortado e ia tomar cerveja num boteco, era responsável por uma parcela considerável do caos que levava a nave na direção do seu desgraçado fim. No filme, porém, um dos transeuntes que de passagem ouviu um pedaço do discurso do mago despertou em si mesmo uma consiência transformadora e, com poderes sobre-humanos que lhe foram então concedidos por uma ordem iniciática do bem ou não, usando só os seus poderes humanos mesmo, o transeunte -- na primeira versão do filme um homem, na segunda uma mulher -- consegue consertar as instituições e retirar os bêbados da condução da máquina. A questão da moral pública é ignorada para abreviar a trama, já com duas horas e quarenta de duração, mas subentende-se que ela também fora resolvida.

---

No planeta Terra real, que não está indo em direção alguma, preso pela gravidade ao Sol, e onde as pessoas vivem a própria vida porque lhes é impossível viver a dos outros, não têm uma consciência global de nada porque só é possível mesmo ter a consciência delas mesmas, e onde a maioria, de uma maneira ou de outra, está tentando como pode, fazer as coisas direito, o filme é exibido.

Para a maioria dos espectadores, é um filme que evoca reflexões, um filme forte. Por um segundo elas têm o mesmo vislumbre do caos generalizado que eu tive ali naquela praça. Para uma pequena parcela dos espectadores -- entre eles alguns dos que estavam na platéia do mago, o próprio mago, o seguidor do Osho, o casal de duas mulheres e o vendedor de brigadeiros, mas aos quais se somam também críticos de televisão e jornal e gente que fala pelos cotovelos na internet -- o filme é um horror, o filme é uma vulgarização de um problema real e sério, o filme apela para a figura do herói salvador e passa uma mensagem totalmente errada, de que a maioria da população pode continuar vivendo as suas própria vidinhas miseráveis enquanto espera por um herói que vem do Olimpo e os salva da mixórdia que eles mesmos causaram, é um filme que presta um enorme desserviço à causa.

No dia seguinte ao lançamento, num bar meio caro ali perto da praça, numa mesa com oito pessoas, entre elas seis do primeiro grupo e oito do segundo, discute-se se o filme levará ou não o Oscar. Eu estou em casa dormindo e não escuto nada.

@ ec0d8d50:74e4c93e

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@ 97c70a44:ad98e322

The last few days on developer nostr have involved quite a kerfluffle over the outbox model, blastr, banning jack, and many related misunderstandings. This post is an attempt to lay out my thoughts on the matter in an organized and hopefully helpful way.

What's wrong with outbox?

It all started with a post from jack asking why more devs haven't implemented the outbox model. There are many answers to this question, not least having to do with there being two standards for user relay selections, and ongoing changes to NIP 65. But I don't want to talk about compatibility here.

nostr:nevent1qydhwumn8ghj7argv4nx7un9wd6zumn0wd68yvfwvdhk6tcprfmhxue69uhhq7tjv9kkjepwve5kzar2v9nzucm0d5hszymhwden5te0wfjkccte9enrw73wd9hj7qpq2uf488j3uy084kpsn594xcef9g9x3lplx4xnglf0xwghyw2n3tfqqnrm02

Mazin responded with some numbers which estimate how many connections the outbox model requires. Too many connections can become expensive for low-power clients like mobile phones, not to mention some privacy issues stemming from nosy relays.

nevent1qythwumn8ghj76twvfhhstnwdaehgu3wwa5kuef0qyv8wumn8ghj7cm9d3kxzu3wdehhxarj9emkjmn99uq3samnwvaz7tmrwfjkzarj9ehx7um5wgh8w6twv5hsqgrn7l6zj7ht6ruyk76vvvtkfs4xrhyzc3tm64l3eyfvd40y26sz0gshmunh

I have some minor disagreements with Mazin's numbers, but I basically agree with his point — a purist outbox model, where a large proportion of nostr users run their own relays results in a high number of connections to different relays. I brought this question up late last year in my interview with Mike Dilger and in a conversation with fiatjaf, who convinced me that in practice, this doesn't matter — enough people will use a handful of larger hubs that there will be a good amount of overlap in relay selections between most pubkeys.

To articulate this more clearly: the goal is not "personal web nodes", which is a pipe dream the Farcasters and BlueSkys (BlueSkies?) of the world aim at, but a more pragmatic mix between large hubs and smaller purpose-built relays. These small relays might be outlets for large publishers, small groups, or nerds who also run their own SMTP servers and lightning nodes.

The point of the outbox model is that these small nodes be possible to run, and discoverable from the rest of the network so that we can preserve the censorship-resistant qualities of nostr that brought us here in the first place.

Blast It!

It's no secret that I've long been a critic of Mutiny's blastr relay implementation. My main objection is that the blastr approach doesn't account for the hard limits involved in scaling smaller relays. If the goal is to cross-pollinate notes across all relays in the network, all relays will require the same size database, and contain all notes in the network. This works right now (sort of), but as the network grows, the relays running on a $5 VPS are going to have their disks fill up and will inevitably fall over.

nevent1qyvhwumn8ghj76r0v3kxymmy9ehx7um5wgcjucm0d5hszxnhwden5te0wpuhyctdd9jzuenfv96x5ctx9e3k7mf0qythwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnwdaehgu3wvfskuep0qqs07jr9qx49h53nhw76u7c3up2s72k7le2zj94h5fugmcgtyde4j9qfrnwxj

Not only that, but the content breakdown on any given relay by default becomes an undifferentiated soup of "GM", chinese notes, bots, bitcoin memes, and porn. Blastr makes it impossible to run an interesting relay without implementing write policies.

Which is actually fine! Because that's always been true — servers that allow anonymous uploads always get abused. Tony is just helpfully pointing out to us that this is no less true of nostr relays. I only wish he could have waited a little longer before mounting his attack on the network, because lots of hobbyists are interested in running interesting relays, but the tools don't yet exist to protect those servers from unsolicited notes.

One other note on blastr — Tony at one point described blastr as a relay proxy. This is an interesting perspective, which puts things in a different light. More on proxies later.

Ban Jack?

Here's a thought experiment: how might we actually "ban blastr"? @Pablof7z suggested to me in a conversation that you could configure your relay to check every note that gets published to your relay against the big nostr hubs, and if it exists on any of them to simply delete it. Of course, that would result in your relay being basically empty, and the hubs having all of your content. That's game theory for you I guess.

Another approach that was floated was to encourage users to only publish to small relays. In theory, this would force clients to implement outbox so users could still see the content they were subscribed to. Fiatjaf even posted two identical notes, one to his personal relay, and one to a hub to see which would get more engagement. The note posted to the mainstream relay got 10x more replies and likes than the more obscure note.

nostr:nevent1qyd8wumn8ghj7urewfsk66ty9enxjct5dfskvtnrdakj7qgmwaehxw309aex2mrp0yh8wetnw3jhymnzw33jucm0d5hszymhwden5te0wp6hyurvv4cxzeewv4ej7qpqdc2drrmdmlkcyna5kkcv8yls4f8zaj82jjl00xrh2tmmhw3ejsmsmp945r

Of course, this is thwarted by blastr, since blastr not only replicates notes posted to it, it also actively crawls the network as well. So the next logical step in this train of thought would be for hubs to encourage people to use small relays by actively blocking high-profile accounts.

nostr:nevent1qydhwumn8ghj7argv4nx7un9wd6zumn0wd68yvfwvdhk6tcpzdmhxue69uhhyetvv9ujue3h0ghxjme0qyd8wumn8ghj7urewfsk66ty9enxjct5dfskvtnrdakj7qpqpjhnn69lej55kde9l64jgmdkx2ngy2yk87trgjuzdte2skkwwnhqv5esfq

This would of course never happen (Damus is one client that hasn't implemented NIP 65, and they also run the biggest relay), but it was a fun thought experiment. At any rate, the silliness of the suggestion didn't stop certain people from getting offended that we would "disrupt the free market" by "forcing" our opinions on everyone else. Oh well.

Death to Blastr

In reality, even though blastr makes it a little harder to adopt outbox in the short term, its days are numbered. Eventually, relay operators will start to feel the pain of unsolicted notes, and will either shut their relays down or look for tools that will help them curate the content they host.

From my perspective, these tools take two forms — read protection and write protection. This is something I alluded to in my talk at Nostrasia last November.

Write protection is straightforward — already many relays have access control lists based on active subscriptions, invite codes, or just static whitelists that determine who is allowed to post to a given relay, or what event authors are represented there. This approach effectively prevents blastr from using relays as free storage, which is a huge improvement.

Read protection is more tricky, because anything publicly readable will be scraped by blastr and replicated to unauthenticated-write relays across the network. In most cases, this is ok, but there are use cases for relays to exist that host a unique collection of notes oriented around some organizing principle. Unfortunately, with blastr in action (or any scraper that might exist), the only way to do this is to actively protect proprietary content. There are a few approaches that can work to make this happen:

• IP-based access control lists
• AUTH-based access control lists
• Stripping signatures when serving events
• Storing and serving encrypted content

Each of these approaches has its own set of trade-offs. But depending on use case, any of them or a combination of them could work to allow relay operators to carve out their own piece of the nostr-verse. In fact, this is a big part of what Coracle is about — the white-labeled version of the product confines certain notes to proprietary relays, with optional encrypted group support.

Enough of my polemic against blastr. Let's talk about how to make the outbox model actually work.

Hints are pointless

Right now, clients that implement the outbox model rely pretty heavily on relay hints to find related notes — whether user profiles, reply parents, or community definitions. The problem with hints is that they are prone to link rot. Many of the relays that were set up a year ago when nostr took off are no longer online, and yet they persist in user relay lists, and in relay hints. These hints can't be updated — they are set in stone. What this means is that a different mechanism has to be used to find the notes the hints were supposed to help locate.

Because of this, I've come around to the position that hints are basically pointless. They are fine as a stopgap, and might be appropriate for certain obscure and ill-defined use cases where relay urls are the most durable address type available. But they provide basically no value in supporting the long-term robustness of the network.

What are durable, however, are pubkeys. Pubkeys are available pretty much everywhere, except in event id hints — and there is a proposal in the works to add a pubkey to those too. The cool thing about pubkeys as hints is that once you have a pubkey, all you need to do is find that person's kind 10002 inbox/outbox selections, and you should be able to find any note they have published.

This goes with the caveat that when users change their relay selections, or rotate their key, they (or their relays) should be sure to copy their notes to the new relay/pubkey.

The question then is: how do I find a given pubkey's relay selections?

There are already several mechanisms that make this reasonably easy. First of all, NIP 65 explicitly recommends publishing relay selections to a wide range of relays. This is a place where the blastr approach is appropriate. As a result, relay selections are usually available on the most popular public relays. Then there are special purpose relays like purplepag.es, which actively seek out these notes and index them.

These indexes are not confined to relays either. It would be trivial to create a DVM that you could ask for a pubkey's relay selections, optionally for a fee. Alex Gleason's proxy tag could also be used to indicate indexes that exist outside the nostr network — whether that be torrents, DHT keys, or what have you.

The best part is that this doesn't negatively impact the decentralization of the network because in principle these indexes are stateless — in other words, they're easily derived from the state of the public part of the nostr network.

Just do it for me

Looping back to where we started — the complexity and technical challenges of implementing the outbox model — there is a simple solution that many people have experimented with in different ways that could solve both issues at once: proxies.

As I mentioned above, Tony thinks of blastr as a proxy, and he's right. More specifically, it's a write-proxy. This is only part of its functionality (it also acts as an independent agent which crawls the network. EDIT: apparently this is not true!), but it is an essential part of how people use it.

Another kind of proxy is a read proxy. There are several implementations of these, including my own multiplextr proxy, which is outbox-compatible (although it requires a wrapper protocol for use). The advantage of a proxy like this is that it can reduce the number of connections a client has to open, and the number of duplicate events it has to download.

Proxies can do all kinds of fancy things in the background too, like managing the outbox model on behalf of the client, building an index of everything the user would be likely to ask for in advance to speed up response times, and more.

One interesting possibility is that a NIP 46 signer could double as a proxy, reducing the number of round trips needed. And since a signer already has access to your private key, this kind of proxy would not result in an escalation in permissions necessary for the proxy to work.

It's simple

The number of cool and creative solutions to the content replication and indexing problem is huge, and certainly doesn't end with blastr. Just to summarize the next steps I'm excited to see (to be honest, I want to build them myself, but we all know how that goes):

• More clients supporting outbox
• Outbox implementations maturing (Coracle's still has some issues that need to be worked out)
• A shift from relying on relay hints to relying on pubkey hints + relay selection indexes of some kind
• Proxy/signer combos which can take on some of the heavy lifting for clients of delivering events to the right inboxes, and pulling events from the right outboxes

Let's get building!

@ eac63075:b4988b48

I want to report a serious issue I had with ZBD. I was having problems with my LN node and, as a temporary alternative, I turned to ZBD as a backup, integrating their streaming service to receive donations in sats through a QR Code displayed on the screen, while my system was not working.

However, when I tried to access the ZBD app last Saturday to transfer the sats, I discovered I was blocked. I opened a support ticket and, after a long wait and opening a second ticket, the only response I got was a promise to "escalate" the problem. With no further responses, I continued opening tickets and demonstrating their lack of support live, as a real test of customer service.

Since the beginning of the Morning Crypto program in 2021, I had been recommending ZBD to our community as a good wallet option for beginners on the Lightning Network, but always warning about the risks of custodial wallets. Now, this experience reinforces the problem and serves as a great practical example: a custodial wallet can confiscate your sats without any explanation.

During the livestreams this week, I received numerous testimonies from users with similar issues on ZBD, reporting account locks without explanations and lack of support.

Therefore, I have removed ZBD from my recommendations and advise everyone: avoid using this wallet, due to the risk of losing your sats.

Spread this information among your contacts and acquaintances who may be using ZBD. The suspicious situation ZBD finds itself in is unacceptable in a market that demands reliability and transparency.

@ b804f68e:2fb0fa1f

The streak of writing consecutively on SN has come to an end after a successful 37 days. It’s a bit of a bummer since I had just set my next target to reach 90 days. However, this break in the streak sparked two thoughts that I felt were worth sharing.

The first thought comes from an explanation I heard a while back when I was working on breaking an unhealthy habit. I can’t remember who said it or how it was exactly worded, but the idea was that you don’t start all over again from zero when you lose a streak. You simply pick up from where you left off, and the effort and energy put into your previous streak continue to count as you build back up again. The person also emphasized the power of zooming out and looking at it over a year. As long as the total number of days you work on building (or breaking) a habit each year is more than the previous year, and continues to increase annually, you are heading in the right direction regardless of the consecutive streak. In the case of writing on SN, I’ve already written and posted 37 more days than I did the whole of last year. And I will continue to keep stacking those days of writing. So, if you recently lost a streak and are feeling down, don’t be. Chances are, compared to previous years, you’ve already done more or are well on your way to doing so!

The second point I wanted to bring up is the concept of quality over quantity. I absolutely believe in this concept, especially in the long term. However, I also think there’s a great advantage to focusing on quantity and getting your reps in. Think of it as quantity being preparation for quality. Eventually, we all want to emphasize quality and maintain it in whatever we do, but in the early stages of learning or practicing anything, there is value in quantity as well. In my case, writing consecutively on SN has helped me improve my writing skills, and because of the regular practice, the quality of my writing has gradually improved. As the number of reps increases, the quality begins to develop. And when the beneficial effects of quantity start to slow down, as tends to happen with the natural diminishing returns of focusing only on quantity, one can start focusing more on the quality of each rep. In the long run, I envision myself continuing to write either on SN, on my own blog, or maybe for some company, where the emphasis will be on quality over quantity. But for now, as I still have a lot of areas to improve in my writing ability, I will continue to prioritize getting my reps in and focus on quantity as a path to quality.

@ eac63075:b4988b48

I just dropped the album Neon Revolution w/ 2 tracks part of the book Chronicles of Code Guardians: The Origin of Titan. It is an epic Bitcoin cyberpunk saga (to be released soon).

If you want to follow the song and lyrics: https://www.eddieoz.com/censorship-shadows-lyrics/ or https://soundcloud.com/eddieoz

Cyberpunk synthwave to make the Friday's mood.

@ ec0d8d50:74e4c93e

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@ f977c464:32fcbe00

Kendisini aynada ilk defa gördüğü o gün, diğerleri gibi olduğunu anlamıştı. Oysaki her insan biricik olmalıydı. Sözgelimi sinirlendiğinde bir kaşı diğerinden birkaç milimetre daha az çatılabilirdi veya sevindiğinde dudağı ona has bir açıyla dalgalanabilirdi. Hatta bunların hiçbiri mümkün değilse, en azından, gözlerinin içinde sadece onun sahip olabileceği bir ışık parlayabilirdi. Çok sıradan, öyle sıradan ki kimsenin fark etmediği o milyonlarca minik şeyden herhangi biri. Ne olursa.

Ama yansımasına bakarken bunların hiçbirini bulamadı ve diğer günlerden hiç de farklı başlamamış o gün, işe gitmek için vagonunun gelmesini beklediği alelade bir metro istasyonunda, içinde kaybolduğu illüzyon dağılmaya başladı.

İlk önce derisi döküldü. Tam olarak dökülmedi aslında, daha çok kıvılcımlara dönüşüp bedeninden fırlamış ve bir an sonra sönerek külleşmiş, havada dağılmıştı. Ardında da, kaybolmadan hemen önce, kısa süre için hayal meyal görülebilen, bir ruhun yok oluşuna ağıt yakan rengârenk peri cesetleri bırakmıştı. Beklenenin aksine, havaya toz kokusu yayıldı.

Dehşete düştü elbette. Dehşete düştüler. Panikle üstlerini yırtan 50 işçi. Her şeyin sebebiyse o vagon.

Saçları da döküldü. Her tel, yere varmadan önce, her santimde ikiye ayrıla ayrıla yok oldu.

Bütün yüzeylerin mat olduğu, hiçbir şeyin yansımadığı, suyun siyah aktığı ve kendine ancak kameralarla bakabildiğin bir dünyada, vagonun içine yerleştirilmiş bir aynadan ilk defa kendini görmek.

Gözlerinin akları buharlaşıp havada dağıldı, mercekleri boşalan yeri doldurmak için eriyip yayıldı. Gerçeği görmemek için yaratılmış, bu yüzden görmeye hazır olmayan ve hiç olmayacak gözler.

Her şeyin o anda sona erdiğini sanabilirdi insan. Derin bir karanlık ve ölüm. Görmenin görmek olduğu o anın bitişi.

---

Ben geldiğimde ölmüşlerdi.

Yani bozulmuşlardı demek istiyorum.

Belleklerini yeni taşıyıcılara takmam mümkün olmadı. Fiziksel olarak kusursuz durumdaydılar, olmayanları da tamir edebilirdim ama tüm o hengamede kendilerini baştan programlamış ve girdilerini modifiye etmişlerdi.

Belleklerden birini masanın üzerinden ileriye savurdu. Hınca hınç dolu bir barda oturuyorlardı. O ve arkadaşı.

Sırf şu kendisini insan sanan androidler travma geçirip delirmesin diye neler yapıyoruz, insanın aklı almıyor.

Eliyle arkasını işaret etti.

Polislerin söylediğine göre biri vagonun içerisine ayna yerleştirmiş. Bu zavallılar da kapı açılıp bir anda yansımalarını görünce kafayı kırmışlar.

Arkadaşı bunların ona ne hissettirdiğini sordu. Yani o kadar bozuk, insan olduğunu sanan androidi kendilerini parçalamış olarak yerde görmek onu sarsmamış mıydı?

Hayır, sonuçta belirli bir amaç için yaratılmış şeyler onlar. Kaliteli bir bilgisayarım bozulduğunda üzülürüm çünkü parasını ben vermişimdir. Bunlarsa devletin. Bana ne ki?

Arkadaşı anlayışla kafasını sallayıp suyundan bir yudum aldı. Kravatını biraz gevşetti.

Bira istemediğinden emin misin?

İstemediğini söyledi. Sahi, neden deliriyordu bu androidler?

Basit. Onların yapay zekâlarını kodlarken bir şeyler yazıyorlar. Yazılımcılar. Biliyorsun, ben donanımdayım. Bunlar da kendilerini insan sanıyorlar. Tiplerine bak.

Sesini alçalttı.

Arabalarda kaza testi yapılan mankenlere benziyor hepsi. Ağızları burunları bile yok ama şu geldiğimizden beri sakalını düzeltip duruyor mesela. Hayır, hepsi de diğerleri onun sakalı varmış sanıyor, o manyak bir şey.

Arkadaşı bunun delirmeleriyle bağlantısını çözemediğini söyledi. O da normal sesiyle konuşmaya devam etti.

Anlasana, aynayı falan ayırt edemiyor mercekleri. Lönk diye kendilerini görüyorlar. Böyle, olduğu gibi...

Nedenmiş peki? Ne gerek varmış?

Ne bileyim be abicim! Ahiret soruları gibi.

Birasına bakarak dalıp gitti. Sonra masaya abanarak arkadaşına iyice yaklaştı. Bulanık, bir tünelin ucundaki biri gibi, şekli şemalı belirsiz bir adam.

Ben seni nereden tanıyorum ki ulan? Kimsin sen?

Belleği makineden çıkardılar. İki kişiydiler. Soruşturmadan sorumlu memurlar.

─ Baştan mı başlıyoruz, diye sordu belleği elinde tutan ilk memur.

─ Bir kere daha deneyelim ama bu sefer direkt aynayı sorarak başla, diye cevapladı ikinci memur.

─ Bence de. Yeterince düzgün çalışıyor.

Simülasyon yüklenirken, ayakta, biraz arkada duran ve alnını kaşıyan ikinci memur sormaktan kendisini alamadı:

─ Bu androidleri niye böyle bir olay yerine göndermişler ki? Belli tost olacakları. İsraf. Gidip biz baksak aynayı kırıp delilleri mahvetmek zorunda da kalmazlar.

Diğer memur sandalyesinde hafifçe dönecek oldu, o sırada soruyu bilgisayarın hoparlöründen teknisyen cevapladı.

Hangi işimizde bir yamukluk yok ki be abi.

---

Ama bir son değildi. Üstlerindeki tüm illüzyon dağıldığında ve çıplak, cinsiyetsiz, birbirinin aynı bedenleriyle kaldıklarında sıra dünyaya gelmişti.

Yere düştüler. Elleri -bütün bedeni gibi siyah turmalinden, boğumları çelikten- yere değdiği anda, metronun zemini dağıldı.

Yerdeki karolar öncesinde beyazdı ve çok parlaktı. Tepelerindeki floresan, ışığını olduğu gibi yansıtıyor, tek bir lekenin olmadığı ve tek bir tozun uçmadığı istasyonu aydınlatıyorlardı.

Duvarlara duyurular asılmıştı. Örneğin, yarın akşam kültür merkezinde 20.00’da başlayacak bir tekno blues festivalinin cıvıl cıvıl afişi vardı. Onun yanında daha geniş, sarı puntolu harflerle yazılmış, yatay siyah kesiklerle çerçevesi çizilmiş, bir platformdan düşen çöp adamın bulunduğu “Dikkat! Sarı bandı geçmeyin!” uyarısı. Biraz ilerisinde günlük resmi gazete, onun ilerisinde bir aksiyon filminin ve başka bir romantik komedi filminin afişleri, yapılacakların ve yapılmayacakların söylendiği küçük puntolu çeşitli duyurular... Duvar uzayıp giden bir panoydu. On, on beş metrede bir tekrarlanıyordu.

Tüm istasyonun eni yüz metre kadar. Genişliği on metre civarı.

Önlerinde, açık kapısından o mendebur aynanın gözüktüğü vagon duruyordu. Metro, istasyona sığmayacak kadar uzundu. Bir kılıcın keskinliğiyle uzanıyor ama yer yer vagonların ek yerleriyle bölünüyordu.

Hiçbir vagonda pencere olmadığı için metronun içi, içlerindekiler meçhuldü.

Sonrasında karolar zerrelerine ayrılarak yükseldi. Floresanın ışığında her yeri toza boğdular ve ortalığı gri bir sisin altına gömdüler. Çok kısa bir an. Afişleri dalgalandırmadılar. Dalgalandırmaya vakitleri olmadı. Yerlerinden söküp aldılar en fazla. Işık birkaç kere sönüp yanarak direndi. Son kez söndüğünde bir daha geri gelmedi.

Yine de etraf aydınlıktı. Kırmızı, her yere eşit dağılan soluk bir ışıkla.

Yer tamamen tele dönüşmüştü. Altında çapraz hatlarla desteklenmiş demir bir iskelet. Işık birkaç metreden daha fazla aşağıya uzanamıyordu. Sonsuzluğa giden bir uçurum.

Duvarın yerini aynı teller ve demir iskelet almıştı. Arkasında, birbirine vidalarla tutturulmuş demir plakalardan oluşan, üstünden geçen boruların ek yerlerinden bazen ince buharların çıktığı ve bir süre asılı kaldıktan sonra ağır, yağlı bir havayla sürüklendiği bir koridor.

Diğer tarafta paslanmış, pencerelerindeki camlar kırıldığı için demir plakalarla kapatılmış külüstür bir metro. Kapının karşısındaki aynadan her şey olduğu gibi yansıyordu.

---

Bir konteynırın içini andıran bir evde, gerçi gayet de birbirine eklenmiş konteynırlardan oluşan bir şehirde “andıran” demek doğru olmayacağı için düpedüz bir konteynırın içinde, masaya mum görüntüsü vermek için koyulmuş, yarı katı yağ atıklarından şekillendirilmiş kütleleri yakmayı deniyordu. Kafasında hayvan kıllarından yapılmış grili siyahlı bir peruk. Aynı kıllardan kendisine gür bir bıyık da yapmıştı.

Üstünde mavi çöp poşetlerinden yapılmış, kravatlı, şık bir takım.

Masanın ayakları yerine oradan buradan çıkmış parçalar konulmuştu: bir arabanın şaft mili, üst üste konulmuş ve üstünde yazı okunamayan tenekeler, boş kitaplar, boş gazete balyaları... Hiçbir şeye yazı yazılmıyordu, gerek yoktu da zaten çünkü merkez veri bankası onları fark ettirmeden, merceklerden giren veriyi sentezleyerek insanlar için dolduruyordu. Yani, androidler için. Farklı şekilde isimlendirmek bir fark yaratacaksa.

Onların mercekleri için değil. Bağlantıları çok önceden kopmuştu.

─ Hayatım, sofra hazır, diye bağırdı yatak odasındaki karısına.

Sofrada tabak yerine düz, bardak yerine bükülmüş, çatal ve bıçak yerine sivriltilmiş plakalar.

Karısı salonun kapısında durakladı ve ancak kulaklarına kadar uzanan, kocasınınkine benzeyen, cansız, ölü hayvanların kıllarından ibaret peruğunu eliyle düzeltti. Dudağını, daha doğrusu dudağının olması gereken yeri koyu kırmızı bir yağ tabakasıyla renklendirmeyi denemişti. Biraz da yanaklarına sürmüştü.

─ Nasıl olmuş, diye sordu.

Sesi tek düzeydi ama hafif bir neşe olduğunu hissettiğinize yemin edebilirdiniz.

Üzerinde, çöp poşetlerinin içini yazısız gazete kağıtlarıyla doldurarak yaptığı iki parça giysi.

─ Çok güzelsin, diyerek kravatını düzeltti kocası.

─ Sen de öylesin, sevgilim.

Yaklaşıp kocasını öptü. Kocası da onu. Sonra nazikçe elinden tutarak, sandalyesini geriye çekerek oturmasına yardım etti.

Sofrada yemek niyetine hiçbir şey yoktu. Gerek de yoktu zaten.

Konteynırın kapısı gürültüyle tekmelenip içeri iki memur girene kadar birbirlerine öyküler anlattılar. O gün neler yaptıklarını. İşten erken çıkıp yemyeşil çimenlerde gezdiklerini, uçurtma uçurduklarını, kadının nasıl o elbiseyi bulmak için saatlerce gezip yorulduğunu, kocasının kısa süreliğine işe dönüp nasıl başarılı bir hamleyle yaşanan krizi çözdüğünü ve kadının yanına döndükten sonra, alışveriş merkezinde oturdukları yeni dondurmacının dondurmalarının ne kadar lezzetli olduğunu, boğazlarının ağrımasından korktuklarını...

Akşam film izleyebilirlerdi, televizyonda -boş ve mat bir plaka- güzel bir film oynayacaktı.

İki memur. Çıplak bedenleriyle birbirinin aynı. Ellerindeki silahları onlara doğrultmuşlardı. Mum ışığında, tertemiz bir örtünün serili olduğu masada, bardaklarında şaraplarla oturan ve henüz sofranın ortasındaki hindiye dokunmamış çifti gördüklerinde bocaladılar.

Hiç de androidlere bilinçli olarak zarar verebilecek gibi gözükmüyorlardı.

─ Sessiz kalma hakkına sahipsiniz, diye bağırdı içeri giren ikinci memur. Söylediğiniz her şey...

Cümlesini bitiremedi. Yatak odasındaki, masanın üzerinden gördüğü o şey, onunla aynı hareketleri yapan android, yoksa, bir aynadaki yansıması mıydı?

Bütün illüzyon o anda dağılmaya başladı.

Not: Bu öykü ilk olarak 2020 yılında Esrarengiz Hikâyeler'de yayımlanmıştır.

@ ec0d8d50:74e4c93e

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@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Bitcoin transactions explained

A transaction is a piece of data that takes inputs and produces outputs. Forget about the blockchain thing, Bitcoin is actually just a big tree of transactions. The blockchain is just a way to keep transactions ordered.

Imagine you have 10 satoshis. That means you have them in an unspent transaction output (UTXO). You want to spend them, so you create a transaction. The transaction should reference unspent outputs as its inputs. Every transaction has an immutable id, so you use that id plus the index of the output (because transactions can have multiple outputs). Then you specify a script that unlocks that transaction and related signatures, then you specify outputs along with a script that locks these outputs.

As you can see, there's this lock/unlocking thing and there are inputs and outputs. Inputs must be unlocked by fulfilling the conditions specified by the person who created the transaction they're in. And outputs must be locked so anyone wanting to spend those outputs will need to unlock them.

For most of the cases locking and unlocking means specifying a public key whose controller (the person who has the corresponding private key) will be able to spend. Other fancy things are possible too, but we can ignore them for now.

Back to the 10 satoshis you want to spend. Since you've successfully referenced 10 satoshis and unlocked them, now you can specify the outputs (this is all done in a single step). You can specify one output of 10 satoshis, two of 5, one of 3 and one of 7, three of 3 and so on. The sum of outputs can't be more than 10. And if the sum of outputs is less than 10 the difference goes to fees. In the first days of Bitcoin you didn't need any fees, but now you do, otherwise your transaction won't be included in any block.

If you're still interested in transactions maybe you could take a look at this small chapter of that Andreas Antonopoulos book.

If you hate Andreas Antonopoulos because he is a communist shitcoiner or don't want to read more than half a page, go here: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Coin_analogy

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

I heard it somewhere, I think it was from Preston Pysh, who suggested the bitcoin ETFs might be a trap of sorts, wherein once a sufficient number of coins were in their custody*, the government would “6102” them for national security.

* I think Coinbase might actually hold the keys to the ETF coins, so “custody” probably isn’t the right word to describe the arrangement between the ETFs and those buying price exposure to, but not actual, bitcoin via those instruments.

The number “6102” refers to the Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933 and Executive Order 6102 that authorized President Roosevelt to force American citizens to turn in their gold. (He did this to issue more gold-backed money during The Great Depression.)

Because bitcoin private keys are merely information and therefore difficult to seize from individuals en masse (you’d have to make people cough up information they could claim to have lost or forgotten), the ETFs could be a roundabout way to create a concentrated and easy-to-seize hard money to which to peg the dollar.

As it stands, the US-based ETFs collectively have amassed nearly a million coins, roughly five percent of the total 21 million supply, (a few million of which are likely lost forever.) Let’s fast forward a few years and assume the following (all of which seem plausible to me, though the exact numbers are not important):

The national debt, presently at $35 trillion, balloons to $50 trillion. The interest expense alone on the debt at five percent rates is 2.5 trillion per year, roughly three times the size of the entire (on the books) defense budget. Official inflation numbers are running north of five percent, even though people know real inflation is upwards of 10. Bitcoin is trading at $1 million per coin (roughly 14x where it is now.) If you think that’s crazy, consider $70K is 14x $5K where it was in the spring of 2020. Let’s also assume the ETFs collectively have two million coins (more than 10 percent) at that point.

Essentially, the dollar is on the brink of hyper-inflating, the US at risk of going full Weimar. Gold is at $10K per ounce, but it’s just a rock and can’t underpin a global system where money moves at the speed of light, and there’s no way for people to audit its supply in an environment of increasing global distrust.

The US government policy makers put on poker faces for the public to buy time, but are well aware of the precarity. They are faced with two terrible choices: raise rates to try and tame inflation the way Paul Volcker did in the 1970s, thereby skyrocketing the interest expense on our much larger debt and crippling the economy, or cut rates, make already severely debased money even cheaper and usher in almost certain hyperinflation.

Under these circumstances, where both choices portend a high likelihood of government collapse, it’s not only conceivable, but I’d argue, probable they avail themselves of a third option: 6102 the ETF coins.

I imagine it might go down like this: The administration, whoever it is, meets with Brian Armstrong of Coinbase and the CEOs of the ETF issuers, gives them a very brief heads up: “We’re taking the coins for national security and compensating all your clients at the face value at which they’re trading,” i.e., they would just give them today’s market value if they were to sell, i.e., $1M per coin. So if there were two million coins in ETF custody, that would be $2T distributed pro rata among the investors.

Most of the investors would realize a significant (nominal) profit from where they bought. Moreover, the CEOs would be considered patriots (by the government) if they complied and criminals if they refused. They would probably be allowed/encouraged to buy underlying coins for themselves that day, knowing what was about to happen too. In short, it’s almost inconceivable to me they wouldn’t go along, and in fact, might have an inkling of this end game already.

After the government surreptitiously gained control of the keys to the ETF coins, they would make an announcement: the US dollar is now fully backed by the hardest money in human history and fully redeemable at $30M USD per coin. In other words, their two million coins would now be worth $60 trillion, more than enough to pay off the debt in its entirety and restore confidence in the dollar.

The dollar would inflate immediately now that it was debased 30:1 vs its prior bitcoin price. But that ratio would apply only to bitcoin. Real estate prices might go up 5x, food 2x, it’s impossible to say. The dollar would have real redeemable value for something of finite supply and would no longer be printable via fiat so long as that tether remained in place. In fact, and this is beyond my tech knowledge, the announcement could be tied to some kind of cryptographically unforgeable and legally binding arrangement wherein the dollar must always be pegged at that 30:1 rate. If it could be arbitrarily debased further, there might be no point.

Of course, this would handicap the government significantly — no longer could it print money to fund proxy wars in Ukraine, invade Iraq or shell out off-the-books blank checks for CIA operations in Central America. It would lose much of its power as the expenses of empire would have to be justified or greatly curtailed. And while those that wield this excessive and dangerous power would never go along with it voluntarily, under the circumstances above — facing chaotic collapse — they would have little choice.

There would be significant pain — even my arbitrary estimates of real estate and food inflation would be catastrophic for many, and it could easily be much worse than that. But compared to the alternative it would be like an airplane touching down on the runway during a storm with but a mild bump.

@ 52387c6b:49dbdfb2

Chef's notes

Easy start to the day, can also put some Woostr in your Bloody Mary. Perfect for washing down the toast. Breakfast of champions. If you have some sharp cheddar you can melt this on the toast, altho this may prove too complex for the average bloke, just an option. Be mindful this will add significant prep and cook time. 2-3 minutes

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 sec
• 🍳 Cook time: 2 min
• 🍽️ Servings: 1

Ingredients

• 2 slices of bread
• Butter
• Woostr sauce
• Bloody Mary

Directions

1. Toast bread to your liking, lather a dollop of butter on. Criss cross the toast with a butter knife ( so the woostr dont roll off) and then drizzle on woostr.

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

I’m going to be on an ordinals panels as one of the people who is counter arguing the claim that they are good for bitcoin. I decided to brush up on the technicals on how inscriptions work. I am starting to see luke’s perspective on how it is exploiting a loophole in bitcoin’s anti-data-spam mechanisms.

Storing data in Bitcoin, the “standard” way

The standard way you add “data” to bitcoin is by calling the OP_RETURN opcode. Bitcoin devs noticed that people were storing data (like the bitcoin whitepaper) in the utxo set via large multisig transactions. The problem with this is that this set is unprunable and could grow over time. OP_RETURN outputs on the other-hand are provably prunable and don’t add to utxo bloat.

Here’s an excerpt from the march 2014 0.9.0 release notes that talks about this:

On OP_RETURN: There was been some confusion and misunderstanding in the community, regarding the OP_RETURN feature in 0.9 and data in the blockchain. This change is not an endorsement of storing data in the blockchain. The OP_RETURN change creates a provably-prunable output, to avoid data storage schemes – some of which were already deployed – that were storing arbitrary data such as images as forever-unspendable TX outputs, bloating bitcoin’s UTXO database. Storing arbitrary data in the blockchain is still a bad idea; it is less costly and far more efficient to store non-currency data elsewhere.

Much of the work on bitcoin core has been focused on making sure the system continues to function in a decentralized way for its intended purpose in the presence of people trying to abuse it for things like storing data. Bitcoin core has always discouraged this, as it is not designed for storage of images and data, it is meant for moving digital coins around in cyberspace.

To help incentive-align people to not do stupid things, OP_RETURN transactions were not made non-standard, so that they are relayable by peers and miners, but with the caveat:

1. They can only push 40 bytes (later increased to 80,83, I’m guessing to support larger root merkle hashes since that is the only sane usecase for op_return)

Bitcoin also added an option called -datacarriersize which limits the total number of bytes from these outputs that you will relay or mine.

Why inscriptions are technically an exploit

Inscriptions get around the datacarriersize limit by disguising data as bitcoin script program data via OP_PUSH inside OP_IF blocks. Ordinals do not use OP_RETURN and are not subjected to datacarriersize limits, so noderunners and miners currently have limited control over the total size of this data that they wish to relay and include in blocks. Luke’s fork of bitcoin-core has some options to fight this spam, so hopefully we will see this in core sometime soon as well.

Inscriptions are also taking advantage of features in segwit v1 (witness discount) and v2/taproot (no arbitrary script size limit). Each of these features have interesting and well-justified reasons why they were introduced.

The purpose of the witness discount was to make it cheaper to spend many outputs which helps the reduction of the utxo set size. Inscriptions took advantage of this discount to store monke jpegs disguised as bitcoin scripts. Remember, bitcoin is not for storing data, so anytime bitcoin-devs accidentally make it cheap and easy to relay data then this should be viewed as an exploit. Expect it to be fixed, or at least provide tools to noderunners for fighting this spam.

Where do we go from here

The interesting part of this story is that people seem to attach value to images stored on the bitcoin blockchain, and they are willing to pay the fee to get it in the block, so non-ideologic miners and people who don’t care about the health and decentralization of bitcoin are happy to pay or collect the fee and move on.

Data should not get a discount, people should pay full price if they want to store data. They should just use op_return and hashes like opentimestamps or any other reasonable protocol storing data in bitcoin.

After going through this analysis I’ve come to the opinion that this is a pretty bad data-spam exploit and bitcoin devs should be working on solutions. Ideological devs like luke who actually care about the health and decentralization of the network are and I’m glad to see it.

@ ec0d8d50:74e4c93e

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@ eac63075:b4988b48

Lá na outra rede, o Dov havia feito um post bacana mostrando como usar a Electrum mobile de cold wallet nessa playlist.

Então ao comentar que a minha primeira cold wallet havia sido uma Electrum num notebook velho e formatado só pra isso, algumas pessoas me perguntaram sobre meu setup atual.

Então preparei o seguinte esboço:

No geral é: * Server Umbrel para os nodes * Coldcard e Ledger (coldwallets) * Computador criptografado e celular android com área segura p/ apps

É um caso de uso extremo mas além da auto-soberania e custódia dos meus satoshis, essa estrutura ainda me permite:

• Participar do consenso do Bitcoin
• Auxiliar no roteamento de sats na Lightning Network
• Fazer coinjoin facilmente para aumentar a privacidade

E embora a estrutura pareça complicada, é bastante simples:

• Raspberry Pi 4 com Debian e Umbrel (p/ os nodes e servers)
• Celular antigo android com área segura e sem simcard
• Notebook com storage criptografada
• Ledger Nano X
• Coldcard

E ainda pude evoluir de N.O.I.A. (Network Operator Innovator and Advocate) para M.A. (Minerador Anônimo), com uma Nerdminer pra tentar um ticket da sorte a cada 10 minutos

Não esqueça que uma cold wallet para a auto-custódia pode começar com um computador ou celular velho!

É mais simples do que parece e praticar sua auto-soberania e custódia significa na verdade liberdade e privacidade nesse mundo digital!

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

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4. Potential for Higher Revenue: With strategic management and optimal channel funding, your node can become a preferred route for transactions, potentially increasing the routing fees you can earn.

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@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Censorship-resistant relay discovery in Nostr

In Nostr is not decentralized nor censorship-resistant I said Nostr is centralized. Peter Todd thinks it is centralized by design, but I disagree.

Nostr wasn't designed to be centralized. The idea was always that clients would follow people in the relays they decided to publish to, even if it was a single-user relay hosted in an island in the middle of the Pacific ocean.

But the Nostr explanations never had any guidance about how to do this, and the protocol itself never had any enforcement mechanisms for any of this (because it would be impossible).

My original idea was that clients would use some undefined combination of relay hints in reply tags and the (now defunct) kind:2 relay-recommendation events plus some form of manual action ("it looks like Bob is publishing on relay X, do you want to follow him there?") to accomplish this. With the expectation that we would have a better idea of how to properly implement all this with more experience, Branle, my first working client didn't have any of that implemented, instead it used a stupid static list of relays with read/write toggle -- although it did publish relay hints and kept track of those internally and supported kind:2 events, these things were not really useful.

Gossip was the first client to implement a truly censorship-resistant relay discovery mechanism that used NIP-05 hints (originally proposed by Mike Dilger) relay hints and kind:3 relay lists, and then with the simple insight of NIP-65 that got much better. After seeing it in more concrete terms, it became simpler to reason about it and the approach got popularized as the "gossip model", then implemented in clients like Coracle and Snort.

Today when people mention the "gossip model" (or "outbox model") they simply think about NIP-65 though. Which I think is ok, but too restrictive. I still think there is a place for the NIP-05 hints, nprofile and nevent relay hints and specially relay hints in event tags. All these mechanisms are used together in ZBD Social, for example, but I believe also in the clients listed above.

I don't think we should stop here, though. I think there are other ways, perhaps drastically different ways, to approach content propagation and relay discovery. I think manual action by users is underrated and could go a long way if presented in a nice UX (not conceived by people that think users are dumb animals), and who knows what. Reliance on third-parties, hardcoded values, social graph, and specially a mix of multiple approaches, is what Nostr needs to be censorship-resistant and what I hope to see in the future.

@ 6389be64:ef439d32

Lynn Margulis suggests that evolving life is predicated upon the cooperation of cells and not competition. Symbiosis, not mutation, drives evolution by transferring whole genes from cell to cell instead of random point mutations in organisms' basic instruction set.

What if developers of Bitcoin, nostr, etc. reject (for the time being) modern market competition and embrace collaboration? Forming companies for profit seem to be flashing a target for regulatory pressures at this time.

@ 1123ece2:7d1e00c0

Welcome to The Refinery.

The theme for the coming Sunday mornings is The Master’s Recipe for effective Praying.

Today we are talking about Our Father.

The text we are going to concentrate on is Matthew 6:9 NKJV

9 In this manner, therefore, pray: Our Father in heaven, Hallowed be Your name.

We will also look at Matthew 6:1-15 NKJV

Do Good to Please God

1 “Take heed that you do not do your charitable deeds before men, to be seen by them. Otherwise you have no reward from your Father in heaven. 

2 Therefore, when you do a charitable deed, do not sound a trumpet before you as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may have glory from men. Assuredly, I say to you, they have their reward. 

3 But when you do a charitable deed, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, 

4 that your charitable deed may be in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will Himself reward you openly.

The Model Prayer

5 “And when you pray, you shall not be like the hypocrites. For they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the corners of the streets, that they may be seen by men. Assuredly, I say to you, they have their reward. 

6 But you, when you pray, go into your room, and when you have shut your door, pray to your Father who is in the secret place; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you openly. 

7 And when you pray, do not use vain repetitions as the heathen do. For they think that they will be heard for their many words.

8 “Therefore do not be like them. For your Father knows the things you have need of before you ask Him. 

9 In this manner, therefore, pray: Our Father in heaven, Hallowed be Your name.

10 Your kingdom come. Your will be done On earth as it is in heaven.

11 Give us this day our daily bread.

12 And forgive us our debts, As we forgive our debtors.

13 And do not lead us into temptation, But deliver us from the evil one. For Yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen.

14 “For if you forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. 

15 But if you do not forgive men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.

Introduction.

If we are to come boldly to the throne of grace to receive help in our time of need, we must know who sits on the throne.

We must know who God is, and we must know what kind of person He is.

We can learn a lot by considering our Lord’s most basic instruction on prayer.

What we have commonly called the Lord’s Prayer contains some of the most profound thoughts on prayer found in all the Bible.

Every word of this model prayer is important.

The prayer was given again in Luke’s gospel in response to a specific request from the disciples concerning prayer. 

They felt their in adequacy in prayer and wanted Jesus’s aid.

He responded by giving this beautiful pattern to follow.

How are we to understand prayer? 

It was not given to just as a prayer to God, even though it is useful for this. 

All of us have experienced some beautiful moments with God as we are out of these words to him.

This prayer is meant to be an outline for prayer. 

It is to guide us in our prayers as an outline guides the speaker in his delivery.  The prayer presents two major concerns that we must present to the Father. 

The first three petitions are concerned with the glory of God, His name, His kingdom, and His will.

Blast for our concerned with our needs. This should always be the order of our concern when we come to present ourselves to the Father in prayer.

First, we will gather from the light it gives about the God to him we pray. 

He is to be addressed, according to our Lord Jesus, as “Our Father which art in heaven.”

1. We must know that God is our Father.

There are a few scattered references to God as Father in the old Testament, but it was Jesus, our Lord, who really gave meaning to this address. 

Jesus came from the bosom of the Father, speaking of God as Father in very personal terms. 

What are we admitting or affirming when we address God in prayer as “our heavenly father?”

Firstly the resourcefulness of God. 

This address is an acknowledgement of the resourcefulness of God. 

The root of this word translated Father includes the idea of originator. 

It points to a source, of course, a point of origin. 

God is the source. 

The God who is the source of our physical life is also the God of all mercy and grace. 

As such, He is the source of our eternal life. 

The relationship we have with Him is at His initiative. 

He is the originator of the relationship. 

Every address of God as Father by a person in worship should be acknowledgement of this. 

It is an affirmation that the relationship that each of us has with Him is His work, His creation.

Secondly the responsibility of God. 

This address also indicates that since God is our heavenly Father, He is the one who was responsible for us. 

None of us would've dared to push off onto God this responsibility, but fortunately He Himself made it so. 

Since God has revealed Himself as the one who accepts responsibility for us, it is not presumptuous for us to bring our joys and I needs to Him. 

This is exactly what he expects and even encourages.

Thirdly the responsiveness of God. 

A third thing suggested by this title of God is responsiveness. 

To address God as Father is to affirm that He is the responsive God of love who we know him to be. 

Do you remember that helpful word about the Father that Jesus gave? 

He assured Thomas in John 14:9 that “He that has seen me has seen the Father.” 

It is safe to assume that God is just as responsive to our needs as Jesus was to need wherever he met it. 

If you read the Gospels with discernment, you'll be reassured that Jesus was always accessible and responsive. 

2. We must know that God is our Father in heaven.

The phrase that our Lord added to “Our Father” is significant. 

It reveals some things about the God to whom we pray, things that we need to know if we are going to pray confidently.

The first thing we need to know is His position. 

First, Jesus’ saying that our Father in heaven is surely an affirmation that God is separate from earthly father's and personalities. 

Some people mistakingly approach deceased human beings in prayer. 

They select great saints of the past and address prayers to them. 

This is absolutely a mistake. 

There is no need to come to some mere mortal, a deceased one at that, when you can come before the living God Himself.

Furthermore, it separates Him from all living fathers. 

He is the one in heaven in contrast to all of those on earth.

Prayer is not to be addressed to our physical or spiritual fathers. 

Secondly, related to this is the information that God is sovereign. 

The heavens were understood to be the very seat of God. 

God is seen as the ruler over all things. 

All things are under His control. 

So, to approach God as the heavenly Father is to approach the One who has the right to do whatever pleases Him. 

There is no other one in all the universe who has this kind of authority.

The third thing we need to understand is His power. 

“Our Father which art in heaven” addresses God as the one who has the power to do whatever needs to be done. 

“Father” would indicate that He would want to do it, but His position indicates that he has the power to do it. 

Some of the titles with which people approach God today fail to acknowledge this. 

Some refer to Him as the man upstairs. 

This is not the same thing as saying, our Father which art in heaven. 

The apostle Paul surely caught hold of this truth.

He affirmed in a prayer, “Now unto him that is able to do exceedingly abundantly above all that we ask or think, according to the power that works in us, to Him be glory, for ever and ever, amen. (Ephesians 3:20-21)

When you address God as “Our Father which art in heaven,” this is what you are acknowledging.

Conclusion.

Your prayer life will grow as your knowledge of God grows. 

Prayer has no meaning apart from this personal knowledge of him. 

The great essential in a growing knowledge of God is fellowship with Him. 

One of the greatest means of fellowship with God is prayer if you want to hear his voice you need to talk to him.

Do you see where this leads? 

If you want to become more effective, bolder, and more confident in your prayer life, then pray more. 

The more you pray, the better you will know the God who answers prayer and the more your position in His family will mean to you. 

The more He means to you, the more you will enjoy the experience of prayer. 

This will be true for all of eternity. 

So let's go and pray!

Until next time

Stay in the Blessings

I really want to encourage you to be diligent with your Bible study time, because God has so much more for us than we can get from just going to church once or twice a week and hearing someone else talk about the Word.

When you spend time with God, your life will change in amazing ways, because God is a Redeemer. Theres nothing thats too hard for Him, and He can make you whole, spirit, soul and body!

You’re important to God, and you’re important to us at The Refinery.

When it comes to prayer, we believe that God wants to meet your needs and reveal His promises to you.

So whatever you’re concerned about and need prayer for we want to be here for you! Or even if you just want to say Hi, you can contact us at www.refinerylife.org

2024 IS A YEAR OF DECISIONS AND OPEN DOORS

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@ de496884:72617b81

Hola nostriches. Hoy quiero hacer una publicación a modo de acercamiento al surgimiento de las categorías de género y feminismo. Así que si te interesa el tema haz un esfuerzo, quédate y lee hasta el final.

El «nuevo» feminismo surge en los años 60 en aquellos países desarrollados que acordaron el reconocimiento a los derechos humanos contenidos en la declaración respectiva de la ONU. Entonces, como extensión a dicho reconocimiento es que se gesta el movimiento feminista. A partir de entonces, se vuelve a plantear la relación entre naturaleza y cultura y se llega a la conclusión de que las diferencias sociales van más allá de las diferencias biológicas, lo cual tiene que ver con que hasta la satisfacción de las necesidades elementales como son la alimentación, la vivienda o el vestuario, están condicionadas por construcciones sociales.

Pues resulta que una de las primeras propuestas identificó la subordinación femenina producto de una organización patriarcal, tomando la categoría patriarcado de Max Weber. Es así como la visión de patriarcado se extendió al discurso político y académico. Sin embargo, no existía información acerca del desarrollo histórico de dicha categoría, sistematización, variaciones, etc., debido a que era algo que recién se percibía en sociedad.

Sin embargo, la misma categoría de patriarcado junto a la de relaciones de poder para explicar fenómenos sociales contemporáneos, constituye uno de los principales aportes del feminismo. Es así como han logrado primero visibilizar y luego deconstruir y desmontar una serie de patrones existentes en la cultura que hacían a la mujer subordinarse al hombre, y que estaban presentes en el sistema sexo/género.

Imagen relativa a la lucha contra el patriarcado

Hasta ese momento, en las investigaciones de corte sociológico se podía observar un androcentrismo excesivo al dar cuenta de que el discurso científico giraba en torno al hombre como sujeto y objeto de la investigación. Incluso para muchos positivistas como el mismo Weber, los problemas relativos a las mujeres quedaban en un segundo plano y eran achacados a una supuesta pasividad en el ámbito doméstico-familiar. Dicha pasividad partía de la supuesta inferioridad biológica del género femenino.

El patriarcado entonces era una categoría vacía en sí misma, sin valor explicativo. Desde el punto de vista político pudo ser útil para la movilización pero no resistió la polémica de los críticos del feminismo ni problematizó los conflictos a ser resueltos. Pero por otro lado, un grupo de mujeres -académicas principalmente- se puso manos a la obra en una tarea más pequeña pero con mayores resultados a la larga. Se propusieron generar conocimientos sobre las condiciones de vida de la mujer, buscar en el pasado y el presente los aportes de las mujeres a la sociedad, hacerlas visibles en la historia. Es así como surgen centros académicos, ONG, proyectos, centros de estudios sobre la mujer, etc.

Convendría distinguir entonces dos posturas que acompañaron a la investigación sobre las mujeres: uno que toma como objeto de estudio a la mujer; condiciones de vida, trabajo, cultura, y otra que privilegia a la sociedad como generadora de la subordinación de las mujeres. Mientras la primera perspectiva generaba conocimiento sobre las mujeres en el estudio de las relaciones mujer-hombre y mujer-mujer, la segunda tenía una visión más holística ya que planteaba que hay que estudiar la sociedad ya que la subordinación de las mujeres es producto de la organización de esta, y que no se avanzará solamente estudiando a las mujeres, pues el estudio debe ser más amplio y en diferentes niveles, ámbitos y tiempos.

Es en esta búsqueda donde nace y se desarrolla el concepto de género como categoría social. Es así que los sistemas de género/sexo fueron entendidos como conjuntos de prácticas, símbolos, representaciones, normas y valores sociales que las sociedades construyen a partir de la diferencia anatomofisiológica y que dotan de sentido a los impulsos sexuales, la reproducción y en general a las relaciones de las personas. Por tanto, este sistema pasó a ser el objeto de estudio para comprender la subordinación de la mujer al hombre. Al ser el reconocimiento de una dimensión de la desigualdad social hasta entonces desconocida, se considera la ruptura epistemológica más importante de la segunda mitad del siglo pasado.

Imagen representativa del binarismo de género

Hay que decir que los fenómenos sociales se definen por la relación que guardan entre sí. Es así que la contextualización adquiere gran importancia. Varones y hembras tenemos la capacidad de producir con el cuerpo, pero solo los cuerpos de las hembras pueden gestar y por tanto asegurar la especie humana. Todo grupo humano que pretenda sobrevivir debe asegurarse cierto número de hembras que lo hagan posible. De ahí un poder particular del cuerpo de las hembras que además es económicamente útil. Dicho poder no es en tanto entidad biológica, sino que es la sociedad la que le otorga este poder. En este punto es importante preguntarnos históricamente ¿quiénes han controlado la capacidad reproductiva de las mujeres?, ¿quiénes han tenido la preferencia en el acceso sexual? Para asegurar un control efectivo sobre la reproducción es necesario asegurar el acceso a la sexualidad.

Imagen alegórica al embarazo

Ello también lleva a dirigir el trabajo que hacen porque de lo contrario, las mujeres pudieran tener espacio para representar una amenaza al dominio de los hombres. Es importante atender a las etapas del desarrollo de las mujeres, que permitirá ver cómo se moldean para aceptar la desigualdad y las jerarquías según el género en las distintas sociedades y culturas.

Otro contexto a delimitar es el ámbito doméstico donde históricamente ha estado ubicada la subordinación femenina. Se ha puesto al descubierto que en mujeres que comparten la misma posición de clase y raza, la condición femenina se redefine a lo largo de la vida y que algunas mujeres gozan de poder sobre otras aún en contextos de alta dominación masculina, donde se les inviste de autoridad, creando el sistema zonas de incertidumbre que las divide como género e impide alianzas y se legitima la dominación. Foucault decía que «el poder se ejerce, no se posee», siempre está en peligro de perderse y no basta con normas, leyes, amenazas o castigos. De ahí que los espacios de subordinación sean también espacios de poder de las mujeres. Es en estos espacios donde aparece la inseguridad, la tensión, la confrontación y por ejemplo, las mujeres pueden reclamar la anticoncepción.

Para terminar, es importante tener en cuenta que el género es una forma de desigualdad social que siempre está articulado con otras formas de desigualdad ya sea clase, raza, grupo etario, etc. Hay que pensar la dominación masculina con un comienzo vago en el tiempo, pero que permite desligar la subordinación de las mujeres de la evolución «natural» de la humanidad y entenderla como un proceso histórico. En ese sentido es necesario destacar que, respecto a la raza, en sociedades plurales hay que atender al contexto étnico-cultural ya que en dependencia de las relaciones entre personas de razas distintas, estarán condicionadas las relaciones entre los géneros.

Imagen de mujeres de distintas razas

Por otro lado, si bien es sabido que históricamente el sistema de género social imperante ha contribuido a invisibilizar a la mujer, asociar necesariamente dicha categoría únicamente a ella, lo que hace es nuevamente recrear el absolutismo histórico que tanto daño ha hecho, ahora como lo antagónico al hombre. En la construcción social participan todos los individuos presentes en el sistema género.

Hasta aquí la publicación de hoy, de la cual aun se puede ahondar mucho más, sobre todo en lo referido al origen de la dominación o de la jerarquización del binomio «hombre/mujer» desde un punto de vista antropológico, pero eso quedará pendiente para otro momento. ¡Así que hasta la próxima!, ¡nos vemos en Nostr!

........................................

English version

Hello nostriches. Today I want to make a post by way of an approach to the emergence of the categories of gender and feminism. So if you are interested in the topic make an effort, stay and read to the end.

The "new" feminism emerged in the 60's in those developed countries that agreed to recognize the human rights contained in the respective UN declaration. Then, as an extension of that recognition, the feminist movement was born. From then on, the relationship between nature and culture was raised again and the conclusion was reached that social differences go beyond biological differences, which has to do with the fact that even the satisfaction of elementary needs such as food, housing or clothing are conditioned by social constructions.

It turns out that one of the first proposals identified female subordination as a product of a patriarchal organization, taking Max Weber's category of patriarchy. This is how the vision of patriarchy was extended to political and academic discourse. However, there was no information about the historical development of this category, systematization, variations, etc., because it was something that was only recently perceived in society.

However, the same category of patriarchy, together with that of power relations to explain contemporary social phenomena, constitutes one of the main contributions of feminism. This is how they have first made visible and then deconstructed and dismantled a series of existing patterns in the culture that made women subordinate to men, and that were present in the sex/gender system.

Image relating to the fight against patriarchy

Up to that time, in sociological research, an excessive androcentrism could be observed as scientific discourse revolved around men as the subject and object of research. Even for many positivists such as Weber himself, the problems related to women remained in the background and were blamed on a supposed passivity in the domestic-family sphere. This passivity was based on the supposed biological inferiority of the female gender.

Patriarchy was then an empty category in itself, with no explanatory value. From the political point of view, it could be useful for mobilization, but it did not resist the polemic of feminism's critics, nor did it problematize the conflicts to be resolved. But on the other hand, a group of women - mainly academics - set to work on a smaller task but with greater results in the long run. They set out to generate knowledge about women's living conditions, to search in the past and present for women's contributions to society, to make them visible in history. This is how academic centers, NGOs, projects, women's studies centers, etc., came into being.

It would be convenient to distinguish then two postures that accompanied the research on women: one that takes women as the object of study; living conditions, work, culture, and the other that privileges society as the generator of women's subordination. While the first perspective generated knowledge about women in the study of woman-man and woman-woman relations, the second had a more holistic vision, since it proposed that society must be studied, since the subordination of women is a product of its organization, and that progress will not be made only by studying women, since the study must be broader and at different levels, spheres and times.

It is in this search that the concept of gender as a social category was born and developed. Thus, gender/sex systems were understood as a set of practices, symbols, representations, norms and social values that societies construct on the basis of anatomophysiological differences and that give meaning to sexual impulses, reproduction and, in general, to people's relationships. Therefore, this system became the object of study to understand the subordination of women to men. As the recognition of a hitherto unknown dimension of social inequality, it is considered the most important epistemological breakthrough of the second half of the last century.

Representative image of gender binarism

It must be said that social phenomena are defined by their relationship with each other. Thus, contextualization acquires great importance. Males and females have the capacity to produce with their bodies, but only the bodies of females can gestate and therefore ensure the human species. Any human group that intends to survive must ensure a certain number of females to make it possible. Hence a particular power of the female body, which is also economically useful. This power is not as a biological entity, but it is society that gives it this power. At this point it is important to ask ourselves historically, who has controlled the reproductive capacity of women, who has had the preference in sexual access? To ensure effective control over reproduction, it is necessary to ensure access to sexuality.

Allegorical image of pregnancy

This also leads to directing the work they do because otherwise, women may have room to pose a threat to men's dominance. It is important to pay attention to the stages of women's development, which will allow us to see how they are shaped to accept inequality and gender hierarchies in different societies and cultures.

Another context to delimit is the domestic sphere where female subordination has historically been located. It has been discovered that in women who share the same class and race position, the feminine condition is redefined throughout life and that some women enjoy power over others even in contexts of high male domination, where they are invested with authority, creating the system of uncertainty zones that divide them as a gender and prevent alliances and legitimize domination. Foucault said that "power is exercised, not possessed", it is always in danger of being lost and norms, laws, threats or punishments are not enough. Hence, the spaces of subordination are also spaces of women's power. It is in these spaces where insecurity, tension, confrontation appear and where, for example, women can demand contraception.

To conclude, it is important to keep in mind that gender is a form of social inequality that is always articulated with other forms of inequality, be it class, race, age group, etc. It is necessary to think of male domination with a vague beginning in time, but which allows us to separate the subordination of women from the "natural" evolution of humanity and to understand it as a historical process. In this sense, it is necessary to emphasize that, with respect to race, in plural societies it is necessary to pay attention to the ethno-cultural context since, depending on the relations between people of different races, the relations between genders will be conditioned.

Image of women of different races

On the other hand, although it is known that historically the prevailing social gender system has contributed to make women invisible, to necessarily associate this category only to women is to recreate the historical absolutism that has done so much damage, this time as antagonistic to men. All individuals present in the gender system participate in the social construction.

So much for today's publication, of which we can still go much deeper, especially with regard to the origin of domination or the hierarchization of the binomial "man/woman" from an anthropological point of view, but that will be left for another time. So until next time, see you in Nostr!

Créditos | Credits

Bibliografía consultada | Consulted bibliography:

1. Barbieri, T. (1993). Sobre la categoría género. Una introducción teórico-metodológica. Debates en Sociología. (18). 1-19. https://doi.org/10.18800/debatesensociologia.199301.006

2. Echevarría, D. (2020). Desigualdades de género e interseccionalidad. Análisis del contexto cubano 2008-2018. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (Programa-Cuba). https://www.clacso.org.ar/libreria-latinoamericana-cm/libro_detalle_resultado.php?id_libro=2346&campo=cm&texto=248

Traducción | Translation:

DeepL

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Chef's notes

Serving these two dishes together will create a delightful centerpiece for your Thanksgiving meal, offering a perfect blend of traditional flavors with a homemade touch.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 min
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 - 2 hours
• 🍽️ Servings: 4-6

Ingredients

• 1 whole turkey (about 12-14 lbs), thawed and ready to cook
• 1 cup unsalted butter, softened
• 2 tablespoons fresh thyme, chopped
• 2 tablespoons fresh rosemary, chopped
• 2 tablespoons fresh sage, chopped
• Salt and freshly ground black pepper
• 1 onion, quartered
• 1 lemon, halved
• 2-3 cloves of garlic
• Apple and Sage Stuffing
• 1 loaf of crusty bread, cut into cubes
• 2 apples, cored and chopped
• 1 onion, diced
• 2 stalks celery, diced
• 3 cloves garlic, minced
• 1/4 cup fresh sage, chopped
• 1/2 cup unsalted butter
• 2 cups chicken broth
• Salt and pepper, to taste

Directions

1. Preheat the Oven: Set your oven to 325°F (165°C).
2. Prepare the Herb Butter: Mix the softened butter with the chopped thyme, rosemary, and sage. Season with salt and pepper.
3. Prepare the Turkey: Remove any giblets from the turkey and pat it dry. Loosen the skin and spread a generous amount of herb butter under and over the skin.
4. Add Aromatics: Inside the turkey cavity, place the quartered onion, lemon halves, and garlic cloves.
5. Roast: Place the turkey in a roasting pan. Tent with aluminum foil and roast. A general guideline is about 15 minutes per pound, or until the internal temperature reaches 165°F (74°C) at the thickest part of the thigh.
6. Rest and Serve: Let the turkey rest for at least 20 minutes before carving.
7. Next: Apple and Sage Stuffing
8. Dry the Bread: Spread the bread cubes on a baking sheet and let them dry overnight, or toast them in the oven.
9. Cook the Vegetables: In a large skillet, melt the butter and cook the onion, celery, and garlic until soft.
10. Combine Ingredients: Add the apples, sage, and bread cubes to the skillet. Stir in the chicken broth until the mixture is moist. Season with salt and pepper.
11. Bake: Transfer the stuffing to a baking dish and bake at 350°F (175°C) for about 30-40 minutes, until golden brown on top.

@ 47bda7da:bc297ef0

"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum."

@ 3f770d65:7a745b24

Chef's notes

For the dough, combine the water, yeast, honey, and olive oil in the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with a dough hook. Add 3 cups flour, then the salt, and mix. While mixing, add 1 more cup of flour, or enough to make a soft dough. Knead the dough on low to medium speed for about 10 minutes until smooth, sprinkling it with flour, if necessary, to keep it from sticking to the bowl. When the dough is ready, turn it out onto a floured board and knead by hand a dozen times. It should be smooth and elastic. Place the dough in a well-oiled bowl and turn it several times to cover it lightly with oil. Cover the bowl with a kitchen towel. Allow the dough to rest at room temperature for 30 minutes.

Divide the dough into 6 equal parts and roll each one into a smooth ball. Place the balls on a baking sheet and cover them with a damp towel. Allow the dough to rest for 10 minutes. Use immediately, or refrigerate for up to 4 hours.

If you've chilled the dough, take it out of the refrigerator approximately 30 minutes ahead to let it come to room temperature. Roll and stretch each ball into a rough 8-inch circle and place them all on baking sheets sprinkled with cornmeal. (You will be able to fit 2 pizzas on each 18 by 13-inch baking sheet.) You may also use a cast iron skillet if so desired.

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 45 minutes
• 🍳 Cook time: 15 minutes
• 🍽️ Servings: 6

Ingredients

• 1 1/4 cups warm (100 to 110 degrees F) water
• 2 packages dry yeast
• 1 tablespoon honey
• 3 tablespoons good olive oil
• 4 cups all-purpose flour, plus extra for kneading
• 2 teaspoons kosher salt

Directions

1. Preheat the oven to 500 degrees
2. Bake for 10 to 15 minutes, depending on your desired level of crisp.

@ eac63075:b4988b48

Este é um texto é baseado na transcrição do Twitter Spaces promovido pela Cointelegraph Brasil, com a participação de Edilson Osorio Jr (@eddieoz) , Pedro Magalhães e Rafaela Romano como host.

Introdução

Nos últimos anos, o mundo testemunhou um aumento significativo no uso de criptomoedas, com o Bitcoin ganhando destaque. O Brasil, como muitas outras nações, está navegando nessa nova era digital, enfrentando a introdução de sua Moeda Digital de Banco Central (CBDC), chamada Real Digital. Embora essa tecnologia ofereça um grande potencial para a inovação financeira, também traz consigo desafios, preocupações com a privacidade e ameaças potenciais às liberdades individuais. Neste artigo, vamos mergulhar nas questões que cercam a CBDC brasileira e explorar as implicações mais amplas da criptografia, Bitcoin, criptomoedas e blockchain na sociedade.

O CBDC Brasileiro - Equilibrando Vigilância e Controle

O Real Digital, distribuído pelo Banco Central do Brasil, promete trazer eficiência, transparência e inclusão de desbancarizados ao sistema financeiro. No entanto, surgem preocupações à medida que o CBDC é inicialmente lançado para corporações e instituições, com planos futuros para alcançar as carteiras dos indivíduos. Essa medida poderia resultar em vigilância em massa e questões de controle, conferindo ao governo um poder sem precedentes para monitorar as atividades financeiras dos cidadãos. Defensores da privacidade temem que tal intromissão nas finanças pessoais possa comprometer as liberdades individuais e abrir caminho para o uso autoritário dos dados financeiros.

Bitcoin como Símbolo de Liberdade

À medida que o governo brasileiro explora medidas regulatórias para a indústria de criptomoedas, o debate em torno das funções de congelamento, queima e transferência de saldos traz preocupações entre especialistas. Essas funções, se mal utilizadas, podem impactar significativamente o cidadão. Enquanto isso, amplia-se a discussão sobre a importância da inclusão financeira dos desbancarizados, e criptomoedas como o Bitcoin oferecem um caminho alternativo para que os indivíduos tenham mais controle sobre suas próprias transações financeiras. A descentralização e a capacidade de contornar intermediários financeiros tradicionais capacitam os indivíduos e promovem a liberdade financeira.

Encontrando um Equilíbrio entre Segurança e Privacidade

Governos em todo o mundo, incluindo a União Europeia, estão contemplando a criação de backdoors em sistemas criptográficos com o pretexto de combater a lavagem de dinheiro, o financiamento do terrorismo e o abuso infantil. Embora possam parecer causas justificáveis, representa sérias ameaças à privacidade e à segurança. A criptografia desempenha um papel vital na proteção das pessoas contra a vigilância e a manipulação dos governos, especialmente em uma era de crescente propaganda e manipulação nas mídias sociais. O uso de tecnologias como hardware wallets e sistemas de votação seguros destaca a importância de proteger a privacidade ao mesmo tempo em que abraçamos avanços tecnológicos.

O Futuro das Votações: Blockchain e Além

Na Estônia, a digitalização das eleições tem apresentado resultados promissores, aumentando a transparência e a eficiência, ao mesmo tempo que reduz a coerção e a compra de votos. O potencial da tecnologia blockchain para revolucionar sistemas eleitorais é significativo, oferecendo mecanismos de votação seguros e transparentes. No entanto, desafios permanecem, incluindo custos, complexidade e riscos de segurança, que requerem maior engajamento político e consenso. Sistemas financeiros acessíveis e inclusivos também desempenham um papel vital para garantir que os benefícios dos avanços tecnológicos sejam acessíveis a todos os segmentos da sociedade.

Conclusão

Conforme o Brasil embarca na jornada de seu CBDC e o mundo em geral enfrenta o impacto das criptomoedas e da tecnologia blockchain, é fundamental encontrar um delicado equilíbrio entre o progresso e a salvaguarda das liberdades individuais. Embora o potencial das criptomoedas e do blockchain seja vasto, também é crucial abordar preocupações com a privacidade, desafios regulatórios e a possibilidade de vigilância e controle governamental. A educação, o debate público e uma abordagem aberta serão fundamentais para moldar o futuro dessa tecnologia transformadora em benefício da sociedade.

---

Ouça/assista o spaces completo em: Twitter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxf3BdMOe50 Youtube (@eddieoz): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxf3BdMOe50

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Testing a brand new YakiHonne native client for iOS. Smooth as butter (not penis butter 🤣🍆🧈) with great visual experience and intuitive navigation. Amazing work by the team behind it! * lists * work

Bold text work!

Images could have used nostr.build instead of raw S3 from us-east-1 region.

Very impressive! You can even save the draft and continue later, before posting the long-form note!

🐶🐾🤯🤯🤯🫂💜

@ 32e18276:5c68e245

Hey Damus enjoyers,

v1.8 has been tagged! Today we submitted v1.8 to the App Store, Here's a quick preview of what's in this release!

New Emoji Selector

It's now easier than ever to select emoji reactions! Just long press the reaction button to pop-up the new emoji selector. Thanks Terry for implementing this!

Quote Reposts

Quote reposts are now listed on posts, just like on the birdsite (x site ?)

New fullscreen video player

Our video controls were pretty bad before, this has been improved in this version! You can now seek videos, view them fullscreen, and airplay them to your tv. Thanks Daniel for this feature!

Improved longform style

Longform posts now show the image and related tags. Thanks Eric!

Account recovery, bug fixes

Thread loading is greatly improved, we now support the latest nip10 specification for improved compatibility between clients. We also added an account recovery feature called First Aid. You can use this to create a new contact list if for whatever reason you don't have one anymore. If you are running into issues following people, you can use this to recover your account:

Testflight

v1.9 dev is underway, with an up and coming highlighter feature where you can clip highlights from the web and other posts and share them to your feed. If you want to test out the latest up and coming features, make sure to grab a damus purple membership to get access!

https://damus.io/purple/login

That's all for now, here's the full changelog if you want to see what else is new!

Full Changelog

Added

• Added nip10 marker replies (William Casarin)
• Add marker nip10 support when reading notes (William Casarin)
• Added title image and tags to longform events (ericholguin)
• Add First Aid solution for users who do not have a contact list created for their account (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Relay fees metadata (ericholguin)
• Added callbackuri for a better ux when connecting mutiny wallet nwc (ericholguin)
• Add event content preview to the full screen carousel (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Show list of quoted reposts in threads (William Casarin)
• Proxy Tags are now viewable on Selected Events (ericholguin)
• Add ability to mute words, add new mutelist interface (Charlie)
• Add ability to mute hashtag from SearchView (Charlie Fish)

Changed

• Change reactions to use a native looking emoji picker (Terry Yiu)
• Relay detail design (ericholguin)
• Updated Zeus logo (ericholguin)
• Improve UX around video playback (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Moved paste nwc button to main wallet view (ericholguin)
• Errors with an NWC will show as an alert (ericholguin)
• Relay config view user interface (ericholguin)
• Always strip GPS data from images (kernelkind)

Fixed

• Fix thread bug where a quote isn't picked up as a reply (William Casarin)
• Fixed threads not loading sometimes (William Casarin)
• Fixed issue where some replies were including the q tag (William Casarin)
• Fixed issue where timeline was scrolling when it isn't supposed to (William Casarin)
• Fix issue where bootstrap relays would inadvertently be added to the user's list on connectivity issues (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Fix broken GIF uploads (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Fix ghost notifications caused by Purple impending expiration notifications (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Improve reliability of contact list creation during onboarding (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Fix emoji reactions being cut off (ericholguin)
• Fix image indicators to limit number of dots to not spill screen beyond visible margins (ericholguin)
• Fix bug that would cause connection issues with relays defined with a trailing slash URL, and an inability to delete them. (Daniel D’Aquino)
• Issue where NWC Scanner view would not dismiss after a failed scan/paste (ericholguin)

@ ec0d8d50:74e4c93e

Betting on fouls in football is an exciting and often overlooked market. It requires a keen understanding of the game and the players' behavior on the field. This article explores strategies for betting on fouls in football, providing a comprehensive guide to help you make informed bets using Megapari.

Understanding the Nature of Fouls in Football:

Fouls are a fundamental aspect of football, influenced by various factors such as player temperament, match intensity, and refereeing style.

• Types of Fouls: Common fouls include tackles, handballs, and unsporting behavior.
• Referee Influence: Referees' leniency or strictness can significantly impact the number of fouls in a match.

Key Factors to Consider When Betting on Fouls:

Several factors can affect the frequency and nature of fouls in a football match.

• Player Temperament: Players known for their aggressive style or frequent yellow/red cards.
• Match Context: High-stakes matches often see more fouls due to increased intensity.
• Tactical Play: Teams employing physical or defensive tactics are likely to commit more fouls.

Betting Markets for Fouls on Megapari:

Megapari offers various betting markets related to fouls, providing multiple ways to capitalize on this aspect of the game.

• Total Fouls: Betting on the total number of fouls committed in a match.
• Player Fouls: Wagering on individual players to commit a certain number of fouls.
• Team Fouls: Betting on which team will commit more fouls.

Strategies for Betting on Fouls:

Effective strategies can help you navigate the unpredictable nature of fouls in football.

• Research and Analysis: Study team and player statistics, referee profiles, and historical match data.
• Live Betting: Use live betting options to place wagers as the match unfolds and player behaviors become apparent.
• Contextual Betting: Consider the importance of the match, rivalries, and current standings when placing bets.

Leveraging Megapari’s Features for Foul Betting:

Megapari provides several tools and features to enhance your foul betting experience.

• In-Depth Statistics: Access detailed stats on player and team fouls.
• Live Updates: Get real-time updates and adjust your bets accordingly.
• Promotions and Bonuses: Take advantage of special promotions for foul-related bets.

Examples of High-Foul Matches:

Explore historical matches known for high foul counts and consider these when making future bets.

• Derby Matches: Local derbies often see increased fouls due to intense rivalries. Title Deciders: Matches with significant implications for titles or relegation battles.

Conclusion:

Betting on fouls in football can be a thrilling and profitable market if approached with the right strategies and insights. By understanding the key factors influencing fouls and utilizing Megapari's comprehensive betting features

@ 000002de:c05780a7

Our old WEF buddy is at it again on this bitcoin is a system of distrust thing. He talked about this before but goes into more detail about his thinking here.

You can watch the video here without visiting Twitter

When I say that Bitcoin is a currency of distrust, I'm just repeating what Bitcoin fans themselves say. There may be good reasons not to trust the banks and governments that create dollars, yens, and other currencies – but that doesn’t change the fact that the preference for Bitcoin is based on distrust of human institutions. Why is this an alarming development? Because the whole purpose of money is to create trust between strangers. Financial devices like currencies, bonds and shares – 90% of which are just data in computers – build trust between millions of strangers, who can then pool their knowledge and resources together, and cooperate. Humans control the world because we learned to do this. If we now lose trust in human institutions, this will limit the amount of money and handicap economic activity and cooperation. I hope that humanity finds a way to build trustworthy human institutions, instead of adopting technologies of distrust..

@ 3c984938:2ec11289

👉play the audio to listen to the article. https://media.nostr.build/av/749a03816c328c599054f31113588f9f5a47b5e67681e3a1eb9ee97c8f2e0dd3.mp3

Welcome to Nostr!

Introduction. Is this your first time here in Nostr? Welcome! Nostr has a oddball acronym for "Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays" with a simple goal, to be censorship-resistance. An alternative to traditional social media, communications, blogging, streaming, podcasting and eventually email (in development) with decentralization that empowers you, dear user. No more will you have to be plagued by ads, held by centralized entities and data hungry algorithms that monetizes you.

Allow me to be your host! I'm Onigirl! I'm on a quest to explore the world of Nostr, a decentralized communication protocol. I write about the tools, and the awesome developers within Nostr that bring this realm roaring with life.

Welcome to Nostr Wonderland

You're about to step into another world that will explode your mind from all the decentralized apps, clients, web3 enabled sites that you can use. You're never going to look at communications, logging in, 2FA, and social media the same way ever again. All thanks to Nostr's cryptographic nature inspired by Bitcoin blockchain technology. Each user, when they create a Nostr account, they get two keys, a private and a public key. These are your keys to your very own kingdom. Whatever you write, sing, podcast, stream, anything you create --all of it belongs to you. The sky is literally the limit!

A Gold and Silver Key

A friend of mine and I, call this "Identity by Encryption" because your Identity is encrypted. You can share your silver key, "npub" to other users to connect and follow. Use your gold key, "nsec" to unlock your account to plugin into a plethora of applications. Keep this key safe at all times. There is no reason to be caged ever again by social platforms TOS henceforth!

👉Give it a whirl, you can follow me by copying and pasting my public key into your search bar on any client that you decide to use.

Onigirl npub18jvyjwpmm65g8v9azmlvu8knd5m7xlxau08y8vt75n53jtkpz2ys6mqqu3

Don't have a client yet? Select the best option

Find the right App for you! This is where you can use your gold key, "nsec" to login into these wonderful tools. You can also visit Nostr's app page here. Before you start pasting your gold key everywhere on apps, consider using a signers (for web3 enabled sites) please look at the next image for details, also refer to the legend.

Get a Signer extension via chrome webstore

A signer is an extension in the chrome webstore on Google. Nos2x and NostrConnect are widely accepted extension for logins. This simplifies the process of logging into web3 sites instead of copying and pasting your gold key, "nsec" each and every time, you keep it within the extension and give it permission(s) to sign you in.

👉⚡⚡Get a Bitcoin lightning wallet to send/receive Zaps⚡⚡ (This is optional)

Here on Nostr, we use the Bitcoin Lightning network (L2). You will need to get a lightning wallet in order to send/receive Satoshi. These are the smallest denominations of a Bitcoin. It is a one hundred millionth of a single bitcoin (0.00000001 BTC). Zaps are a form of "micropayment with sats" here on Nostr. If you enjoy a user content, it is the norm to "⚡zap⚡" a.k.a "tip" for their content. For example, If you like my content, you can zap me with SATs to reward my work. But you just arrived, you don't have a wallet yet. No worries! I got you covered!

"Stacker.News" is a platform where users can earn SATs by writing articles and engaging with other users. You.

👉Stacker.News is also the easiest place to get a Bitcoin Lighting wallet address.

1. Log in with your "Signer" extension either "Nos2x or NostrConnect" click your profile which will be random letters and numbers in the upper right corner. You will see something like this:
2. Click "edit" and choose a name that you like, and if you don't like it. You can change again later.
3. Click "save"
4. Create a bio and the SN community are very welcoming and will zap you some sats to welcome you.
5. You new Bitcoin Lightning Wallet address will appear like this: #### ^^Do not zap this address; this is purely for educational purposes!
6. With your New Bitcoin Lightning wallet address you can put this into any client or app of your choice. To do this, go to your profile page and under your wallet address under "LN Address," enter your new address and hit "save" and there ya go. Congratulations!

👉✨Eventually, you may want to move to self custodial options and maybe consider to even self-host your own LN node for better privacy. Good news is stacker.news is also moving away from being a custodian wallet.

Nostr, the maverick of Servers

Instead of using a single instance or a centralized server Nostr is built to have several databases to exchange messages using "relays." Relays, which are neutral and nondiscriminatory, store and broadcast public messages in the Nostr network. They transmit messages to all other clients connected to them, securing communications in the decentralized network.

My friends in Nostr welcome you!

Welcome to the tea Party, would you like a spot of tea?🍵

There's so much more!

This is just the tip of the iceberg. Follow me as I continue to explore new lands and the developers, called "knights" behind this ever-growing ecosystem. Meet me here for more content like this and share this with future nostr users. Learn about the knights fighting for freedomTech within Nostr and the projects that are contributing to make it happen. Make your life more decentralized with Nostr. 💋

Onigirl @npub18jvyjwpmm65g8v9azmlvu8knd5m7xlxau08y8vt75n53jtkpz2ys6mqqu3

@ 94cf5e4a:7df02514

The world of online betting has come a long way since its inception. From rudimentary websites with limited options to sophisticated platforms like Melbet, the industry has evolved remarkably. This article delves into the early stages of online betting games, highlighting key milestones, technological advancements, and how Melbet has revolutionized the online betting experience.

The Birth of Online Betting

Online betting began in the mid-1990s with the advent of the internet. Early platforms were simple, offering basic betting options and limited sports coverage. The first online betting sites were often extensions of physical sportsbooks, aimed at reaching a broader audience.

• Key Developments: Introduction of secure online payment methods, basic user interfaces, and limited live betting options.

Technological Advancements:

As technology advanced, so did online betting platforms. The late 1990s and early 2000s saw the integration of more sophisticated software, better graphics, and improved user experiences.

• Significant Innovations: Enhanced security measures, the advent of live streaming, and the introduction of mobile betting apps.

Melbet’s Entry and Impact:

Melbet entered the market with a focus on user-centric features and extensive betting options. By offering a wide range of sports, casino games, and innovative betting markets, Melbet set a new standard in the industry.

• Unique Features: Real-time betting, diverse payment options, and a comprehensive mobile app.

User Experience and Interface:

Early online betting platforms were often clunky and difficult to navigate. Melbet, however, prioritized a seamless user experience, making it easy for bettors to find and place bets quickly.

• User-Friendly Design: Intuitive interface, quick access to popular bets, and personalized user dashboards.

Live Betting and Real-Time Updates:

One of the most significant advancements in online betting is live betting. Melbet excels in this area by providing real-time updates and live streaming of events, allowing users to make informed bets as the action unfolds.

• Real-Time Betting: Live odds adjustments, instant bet placement, and interactive features like cash-out options.

Future Trends in Online Betting:

The future of online betting looks promising with advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and blockchain technology. Melbet continues to innovate, staying ahead of trends and offering cutting-edge features to its users.

• Emerging Technologies: AI-driven predictions, VR-based betting experiences, and secure blockchain transactions.

Conclusion:

The journey of online betting from its early stages to the present day has been marked by significant technological advancements and increased user engagement. Melbet has played a crucial role in this evolution, offering a top-notch betting experience with innovative features and a user-friendly interface. As the industry continues to grow, Melbet remains at the forefront, shaping the future of online betting.

@ fa0165a0:03397073

I just tested building a browser plugin, it was easier than I thought. Here I'll walk you through the steps of creating a minimal working example of a browser plugin, a.k.a. the "Hello World" of browser plugins.

First of all there are two main browser platforms out there, Chromium and Mozilla. They do some things a little differently, but similar enough that we can build a plugin that works on both. This plugin will work in both, I'll describe the firefox version, but the chromium version is very similar.

What is a browser plugin?

Simply put, a browser plugin is a program that runs in the browser. It can do things like modify the content of a webpage, or add new functionality to the browser. It's a way to extend the browser with custom functionality. Common examples are ad blockers, password managers, and video downloaders.

In technical terms, they are plugins that can insert html-css-js into your browser experience.

How to build a browser plugin

Step 0: Basics

You'll need a computer, a text editor and a browser. For testing and development I personally think that the firefox developer edition is the easiest to work with. But any Chrome based browser will also do.

Create a working directory on your computer, name it anything you like. I'll call mine hello-world-browser-plugin. Open the directory and create a file called manifest.json. This is the most important file of your plugin, and it must be named exactly right.

Step 1: manifest.json

After creation open your file manifest.json in your text editor and paste the following code:

json { "manifest_version": 3, "name": "Hello World", "version": "1.0", "description": "A simple 'Hello World' browser extension", "content_scripts": [ { "matches": ["<all_urls>"], "js": ["hello.js"] //The name of your script file. // "css": ["hello.css"] //The name of your css file. } ] }

If you wonder what the json file format is, it's a normal text file with a special syntax such that a computer can easily read it. It's the json syntax you see in the code above. Let's go through what's being said here. (If you are not interested, just skip to the next step after pasting this we are done here.)

• manifest_version: This is the version of the manifest file format. It's currently at version 3, and it's the latest version. It's important that you set this to 3, otherwise your plugin won't work.
• name: This is the name of your plugin. It can be anything you like.
• version: This is the version of your plugin. It can be anything you like.
• description: This is the description of your plugin. It can be anything you like.
• content_scripts: This is where you define what your plugin does. It's a list of scripts that will be executed when the browser loads a webpage. In this case we have one script, called hello.js. It's the script that we'll create in the next step.
• matches: This is a list of urls that the script will be executed on. In this case we have <all_urls>, which means that the script will be executed on all urls. You can also specify a specific url, like https://brave.com/*, which means that the script will only be executed on urls that start with https://brave.com/.
• js: This is a list of javascript files that will be executed. In this case we have one file, called hello.js. It's the script that we'll create in the next step.
• css: This is where you can add a list of css files that will be executed. In this case we have none, but you can add css files here if you want to.
• //: Text following these two characters are comments. They are ignored by the computer, You can add comments anywhere you like, and they are a good way to document your code.

Step 2: hello.js

Now it's time to create another file in your project folder. This time we'll call it hello.js. When created, open it in your text editor and paste the following code:

js console.log("Hello World!"); That's javascript code, and it's what will be executed when you run your plugin. It's a simple console.log statement, which will print the text "Hello World!" to the console. The console is a place where the browser prints out messages, and it's a good place to start when debugging your plugin.

Step 3: Load and launch your plugin

Firefox

Now it's time to load your plugin into your browser. Open your browser and go to the url about:debugging#/runtime/this-firefox. You should see a page that looks something like this:

Click the button that says "Load Temporary Add-on...". A file dialog will open, navigate to your project folder and select the file manifest.json. Your plugin should now be loaded and running.

Go to a website, any website, and open the inspector then navigate to the console. You'll find the inspector by right-clicking anywhere within the webpage, and click "Inspector" in the drop-down menu. When opening the console you might see some log messages from the site you visited and... you should see the text "Hello World!" printed there, from our little plugin! Congratulations!

Chrome

Open your browser and go to the url chrome://extensions/. Click the button that says "Load unpacked". A file dialog will open, navigate to your project folder and select the folder hello-world-browser-plugin. Your plugin should now be loaded and running.

Note the difference, of selecting the file manifest.json in firefox, and selecting the folder hello-world-browser-plugin in chrome. Otherwise, the process is the same. So I'll repeat the same text as above: (for those who skipped ahead..)

Go to a website, any website, and open the inspector then navigate to the console. You'll find the inspector by right-clicking anywhere within the webpage, and click "Inspector" in the drop-down menu. When opening the console you might see some log messages from the site you visited and... you should see the text "Hello World!" printed there, from our little plugin! Congratulations!

---

As you can see this isn't as complicated as one might think. Having preformed a "Hello-World!"-project is a very useful and valuable first step. These setup steps are the basics for any browser plugin, and you can build on this to create more advanced plugins.

@ 82100056:e198089f

++Intro++

The way in which the value of a bond interacts with interest rates seems counter-intuitive to many of us. This article will briefly explain how the bond market works in conjunction with interest rates.

Definitions

Interest rate: The cost of borrowing money/the reward for lending/saving money.

Bond: Fixed income investment that represents a loan made by an investor to a borrower, usually by a business or the government. The issuer must pay back the face value of the loan on a specific date, as well as a periodic interest payment.

Bond price/value: What an investor is willing to pay for an existing bond based on its future cash flows.

Face value: The initial price of the bond.

Secondary market: Where previously issued bonds are bought and sold on a market (rather than directly from the issuer).

++Bonds and interest rates++

Bonds have an inverse relationship to interest rates. When interest rates rise, the value of a bond will fall. Equally, when interest rates fall, the value of a bond will rise.

When interest rates rise, new bonds are issued at the higher rates. This makes the old bonds with lower rates less attractive because the rate of return is lower.

For example, let’s say you buy a bond at face value when interest rates are at 4%. Then interest rate rises to 5%. All else being equal, the newly issued bond paying 5% is worth more than the previously issued bonds paying 4%. And vice-versa. If you wanted to sell your 4% bond on the secondary market, you would have to lower the price to make up for the 1% difference in yield. Otherwise, why would someone buy something that yields 4% when they can earn 5% on their cash?

Investors who plan to hold their bond until maturity don’t necessarily need to worry about fluctuations in bond prices on the secondary market. Providing there is not a default, they will be repaid their principal in full at maturity, in addition to the interest rate.

++Conclusion ++

To summarise, bond prices decrease when interest rates rise to adjust the yield of the existing bonds with new market rates. This allows existing bonds to remain competitive with newly issued bonds.

There is of course a lot more to bond markets than has been outlined above but hopefully this article has helps to explain the relationship between bonds and interest rates.

@ eac63075:b4988b48

Austrália

O setor financeiro australiano tem se mostrado cada vez mais interessado em criptomoedas. De acordo com os bancos australianos, 40% das transações financeiras envolvem criptomoedas. O regulador do setor bancário afirmou que o problema não é a criptomoeda, mas sim o ambiente que permite a execução de golpes. Mas lá, a Binance foi avisada com apenas 12 horas de antecedência para que se preparasse para perder a conta bancária - e a gente sempre recomenda que as criptomoedas não sejam armazenadas em exchanges, mas sim em wallets não custodiadas.

Binance

A Binance também sofreu diversas restrições e baniu várias moedas de privacidade na Europa. No entanto, ela reverteu a decisão sobre algumas moedas, como o Verge e a Secret Network. O Pornhub já usou Verge como meio de pagamento. Além disso, a Binance está considerando se mudar para os Emirados Árabes Unidos porque a região está se mostrando mais favorável a esse mercado.

Europa

Na Europa, o pessoal estava discutindo meios para tentar resolver o risco da criptomoeda. Eles queriam implementar a regra de que tem que ter a mesma quantidade em criptomoedas e em euros na conta bancária. No entanto, essa regra dificultaria a inovação. Então o Comitê de Basileia está criando regras, propondo uma regra de balanceamento de risco, com exposição em FIAT para a quantidade de cripto, com teto máximo de 1250% em EUR da quantidade de cripto.

Black Rock e amigos

Instituições financeiras que administram 27 trilhões de dólares estão adquirindo Bitcoin, incluindo Black Rock, Fidelity, JP Morgan, Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, BNY Mellon, Invesco e Bank of America. Isso mostra que o Bitcoin está se tornando cada vez mais popular.

A comunidade do Bitcoin tem uma parcela que só se preocupa com o preço do Bitcoin, ignorando os motivos pelos quais foi criado. A Black Rock e outras instituições estão entrando no Bitcoin, mas apenas para especular.

Bitcoin

O Bitcoin foi criado para que as pessoas pudessem controlar suas próprias riquezas, sem intermediários. A adoção por governos e grandes instituições pode acelerar a adoção da população em geral. A disponibilidade de bitcoins pode ser impactada no futuro por uma grande concentração de bitcoins na mão de pessoas que controlam o dinheiro no mundo. O Bitcoin é mais escasso que o ouro e pode ser utilizado como reserva de valor, embora não tenha sido criado para isso. Bitcoin foi originalmente usado como meio de troca, mas em 2016-2018, a Tether pode ter manipulado o mercado comprando Bitcoin e emitindo moeda sem lastro. O preço do Bitcoin subiu e as pessoas pararam de usá-lo como meio de troca. O Bitcoin passou a ser visto como reserva de valor e a especulação em cima dele aumentou. O principal valor do Bitcoin no futuro não é o preço, mas sim a liberdade que ele proporciona.

Ordinals

Satoshi se posicionava contra o uso do Bitcoin para fins diferentes da sua criação. O protocolo do Ordinals abriu portas para novas possibilidades, mas também pode ser abusado.

Pode existir a possibilidade de governos penalizarem usuários do Bitcoin por conteúdo criminoso armazenado em seus nós. A comunidade do Bitcoin zela pelos valores pelos quais foi criado e pode filtrar ou criar incentivos para evitar o uso abusivo da rede através de consenso, caso seja considerado um ataque. Existem diversas formas diferentes de registrar coisas no Bitcoin. A disseminação de conteúdo ilícito ou criminoso, de maneira consciente, pode ser penalizada por governos no futuro. Além disso, empresas que usam o Bitcoin para fins comerciais podem ser vinculadas à distribuição de conteúdo ilícito caso rodem nós da rede. Os ordinals podem se transformar em um cavalo de tróia para governos acusarem a rede do Bitcoin de distribuir conteúdo criminoso. O limite da liberdade é onde começa a do outro, e alguns crimes extrapolam esse limite.

@ 9eeca894:4afe5882

How I put NixOS on my UDM (trashcan model) router

a rare cursed fetch!

Content also available on https://code.despera.space/iru/htdocs/src/branch/main/notes/UDM-NIXOS.md

Really it's just a running NixOS on systemd-nspawn thing.

The UDM product line basically runs on Linux kernel and userland. It is a surprisingly normal device that allows you to SSH and run commands. It even has apt and systemd services installed. The only catch being that for the most part the file system structure is immutable with only a few exceptions like /data and /etc/systemd. Previous versions even had the Unifi services running on a podman container. On recent versions of the firmware podman was phased out but we got something that resembles a more complete system structure as opposed to a busybox-like system.

So basically its some kind of Debian-based Linux running on a headless ARM64 computer. Can we install and run stuff? Yes! In fact projects like https://github.com/unifi-utilities/unifios-utilities publish scripts to run general purpose programs and configurations on UDM. Be aware however that firmware upgrades might wipe the persistent data storage so don't put anything in there that you don't want to lose and preferably keep scripts so you can setup again after having its flash storage nuked by a major update.

I have the base UDM model. The first with the pill format that has been aparently replaced by the UDR. The UDR seems to have more features like Wifi6, bigger internal storage and even an SD card slot meant for vigilance camera footage storage but comes with a weaker CPU in comparison with the original UDM base. As far as I know the rack mountable models follow the same OS and file system structure.

Okay but why?

I'm gonna leave this to your imagination on why would you add services to your proprietary router applicance. To me its the fact that I don't really like running servers at home and I'm ultimately stuck with this router so why not put it to work maybe running a static webserver or something silly like Home Assistant. The truth of the matter is that I can't just leave things alone.

And if you can run Linux why would you run something that is not NixOS? Thats crazy and it doesn't make sense.

How do we root the UDM? What kind of jailbreak do I need?

No.

You enable SSH from the Controller UI, log into it as root with the password you set to the admin user. You just waltz in and start installing and configuring.

```

apt update && apt install systemd-container

```

Thats it. Kinda. The complicated part is modifying the programs to write into the persistent data directories while also making sure your stuff starts on boot and doesn't get wiped on minor firmware upgrades.

Building the NixOS root image.

Might want to read first: https://nixcademy.com/2023/08/29/nixos-nspawn/

We need a NixOS tarball image. TFC's https://github.com/tfc/nspawn-nixos contains the flake to build such an image and also publishes artifacts for AMD64 but not ARM64. I guess you could build this from an AMD64 machine but I haven't looked into building a cross platform environment (didn't needed to compile anything though). I have a recent macbook with UTM so I just downloaded one of the default Linux virtual machine images from the UTM page and installed the Nix runtime over the OS.

Make sure you have git and curl installed.

$ sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon

You need to start another terminal session.

$ git clone https://github.com/tfc/nspawn-nixos $ cd nspawn-nixos $ nix --extra-experimental-features 'nix-command flakes' build .

Optionally you could try to edit the configuration to generate an image with everything you need. In case you need something like Home Assistant, some compilation might be necessary and although I haven't tried compiling code on the UDM I suspect it might be a painful process due to CPU performance and space constraints. Here is an example with Home Assistant, Caddy and Tailscale.

The image will be available under ./result/tarball/nixos-system-aarch64-linux.tar.xz. Use scp to send this to the /data/ directory of the UDM.

Installing the image

First we create the folder structure:

```

mkdir -p /data/custom/machines

ln -s /data/custom/machines /var/lib/machines

```

Under normal circunstainces by now you would just run machinectl import-tar /data/nixos-system-aarch64-linux.tar.xz <machinename> however the version of tar that is present in this system doesn't really like the resulting tarball image. It will yeld errors like Directory renamed before its status could be extracted.

Thankfully we can install bsdtar through apt install libarchive-tools however machinectl import-tar is hardcoded to use the tar command. Adding a symlink from /usr/bin/bsdtar to /usr/local/bin/tar won't work since some parameters are used that are not supported in bsdtar. You could try writing a wrapper shell script but just unpacking the tarball directly was sufficient.

```

mkdir /var/lib/machines/udmnixos

bsdtar Jxvfp /data/nixos-system-aarch64-linux.tar.xz -C /var/lib/machines/udmnixos

```

Lets start the container.

```

machinectl start udmnixos

machinectl

MACHINE CLASS SERVICE OS VERSION ADDRESSES udmnixos container systemd-nspawn nixos 23.11 192.168.168.88…

```

Good. Now we need to change the root password.

```

machinectl shell udmnixos /usr/bin/env passwd

Connected to machine udmnixos. Press ^] three times within 1s to exit session. New password: Retype new password: passwd: password updated successfully Connection to machine udmnixos terminated. ```

Finally we can login into the container.

```

machinectl login udmnixos

Connected to machine udmnixos. Press ^] three times within 1s to exit session.

<<< Welcome to NixOS 23.11.20240115.b8dd8be (aarch64) - pts/1 >>>

nixos login: root Password:

[root@nixos:~]# ```

We haven't finished yet. By default the network is set to its own container network. We also don't have a DNS resolver configured. You can leave that session with CTRL+]]].

https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd-nspawn.html#-n

```

machinectl stop udmnixos

```

Networking and Persistence

The first thing that needs to be addressed is the DNS configuration. The default setting that copies the /etc/resolv.conf from host won't work since it points to localhost. Either install resolved, netmask or set a static DNS config.

As for the network method we have some options here.

• Run using the default network stack and map ports to the container.
• Run using something akin to --network=host where the container has full access to the host network.
• Give the container its own independent interface through a bridge.
• Give the container its own independent interface through macvlan.

Using --network-veth and port mapping

```

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/nspawn

cat > /etc/systemd/nspawn/udmnixos.nspawn <<HERE

[Exec] Boot=on ResolvConf=off

[Network] Port=tcp:2222:22 HERE

machinectl enable udmnixos

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/machines.target.wants/systemd-nspawn@udmnixos.service → /lib/systemd/system/systemd-nspawn@.service

machinectl start udmnixos

```

Remember this will listen on ALL UDM interfaces so you might want to make sure the firewall rules will accomodate it.

```

iptables -t nat -L -n -v | grep 2222

0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:2222 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL to:192.168.206.200:22
0     0 DNAT       tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0           !127.0.0.0/8          tcp dpt:2222 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL to:192.168.206.200:22

```

Using the host network

This will give access to all the network interfaces. Any service that runs on the container will be accessible from the UDM interfaces without the need to map ports. The container will also have the same IP addresses as the UDM.

You might want to read about capabilities if you plan on running some VPN software like Wireguard or Tailscale.

```

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/nspawn

cat > /etc/systemd/nspawn/udmnixos.nspawn <<HERE

[Exec] Boot=on

Daring are we?

Capability=all

ResolvConf=off

[Network] Private=off VirtualEthernet=off HERE

machinectl enable udmnixos

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/machines.target.wants/systemd-nspawn@udmnixos.service → /lib/systemd/system/systemd-nspawn@.service

machinectl start udmnixos

```

Using a bridge to give the container its own interface

I had to give some capabilities to the container otherwise it wouldn't properly start. Replace the value of Bridge with the bridge corresponding to the UDM network you want to add. Normally these correspond to the VLAN id of that network. Use brctl show to find out.

```

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/nspawn

cat > /etc/systemd/nspawn/udmnixos.nspawn <<HERE

[Exec] Boot=on Capability=CAP_NET_RAW,CAP_NET_ADMIN ResolvConf=off

[Network] Bridge=br2 Private=off VirtualEthernet=off HERE

machinectl enable udmnixos

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/machines.target.wants/systemd-nspawn@udmnixos.service → /lib/systemd/system/systemd-nspawn@.service

machinectl start udmnixos

machinectl login udmnixos

machinectl login nixos

Failed to get login PTY: No machine 'nixos' known root@UDM:/etc/systemd/nspawn# machinectl login udmnixos Connected to machine udmnixos. Press ^] three times within 1s to exit session.

<<< Welcome to NixOS 23.11.20240518.e7cc617 (aarch64) - pts/1 >>>

nixos login: root Password:

[root@nixos:~]# ifconfig host0: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet [redacted] netmask 255.255.255.192 broadcast [redacted] inet6 [redacted] prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 inet6 [redacted] prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0 ether 92:01:4c:a7:a1:7b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 2415 bytes 611986 (597.6 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 61 bytes 5337 (5.2 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73 mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

```

MACVLAN isolation and more

Here is where some custom configuration might be needed. Read https://github.com/unifi-utilities/unifios-utilities/tree/main/nspawn-container to find out how to setup custom scripts.

Persistence

As far as I verified by rebooting the UDM many times to write this note all configurations were preserved. According to the article on nspawn-containers on the unifies-utilities project although /etc/systemd and /data folders are preserved during firmware upgrades /var/ and /usr/ are not and there goes our packages and symlink. Please follow the steps on that page to setup persistence across firmware upgrades.

@ 614420cd:d4678b70

test

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

As the title states, scratch behind my ear and you get it. 🐶🐾🫡

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Test Bounty Note

@ 3c984938:2ec11289

It's been a journey from the Publishing Forest of Nostr to the open sea of web3. I've come across a beautiful chain of islands and thought. Why not take a break and explore this place? If I'm searching for devs and FOSS, I should search every nook and cranny inside the realm of Nostr. It is quite vast for little old me. I'm just a little hamster and I don't speak in code or binary numbers zeros and ones.

After being in sea for awhile, my heart raced for excitement for what I could find. It seems I wasn't alone, there were others here like me! Let's help spread the message to others about this uncharted realm. See, look at the other sailboats, aren't they pretty? Thanks to some generous donation of SATs, I was able to afford the docking fee.

Ever feel like everyone was going to a party, and you were supposed to dress up, but you missed the memo? Or a comic-con? well, I felt completely underdressed and that's an understatement. Well, turns out there is a some knights around here. Take a peek!

A black cat with a knight passed by very quickly. He was moving too fast for me to track. Where was he going? Then I spotted a group of knights heading in the same direction, so I tagged along. The vibes from these guys was impossible to resist. They were just happy-go-lucky. 🥰They were heading to a tavern on a cliff off the island.

Ehh? a Tavern? Slightly confused, whatever could these knights be doing here? I guess when they're done with their rounds they would here to blow off steam. Things are looking curiouser and curiouser. But the black cat from earlier was here with its rider, whom was dismounting. So you can only guess, where I'm going.

The atmosphere in this pub, was lively and energetic. So many knights spoke among themselves. A group here, another there, but there was one that caught my eye. I went up to a group at a table, whose height towed well above me even when seated. Taking a deep breath, I asked, "Who manages this place?" They unanimous pointed to one waiting for ale at the bar. What was he doing? Watching others talk? How peculiar.

So I went up to him! And introduced myself.

"Hello I'm Onigirl"

"Hello Onigirl, Welcome to Gossip"

"Gossip, what is Gossip?" scratching my head and whiskers.

What is Gossip? Gossip is FOSS and a great client for privacy-centric minded nostriches. It avoids browser tech which by-passes several scripting languages such as JavaScript☕, HTML parsing, rendering, and CSS(Except HTTP GET and Websockets). Using OpenGL-style rendering. For Nostriches that wish to remain anonymous can use Gossip over TOR. Mike recommends using QubesOS, Whonix and or Tails. [FYI-Gossip does not natively support tor SOCKS5 proxy] Most helpful to spill the beans if you're a journalist.

On top of using your nsec or your encryption key, Gossip adds another layer of security over your account with a password login. There's nothing wrong with using the browser extensions (such as nos2x or Flamingo) which makes it super easy to log in to Nostr enable websites, apps, but it does expose you to browser vulnerabilities.

Mike Points out

"people have already had their private key stolen from other nostr clients,"

so it a concern if you value your account. I most certainly care for mine.

Gossip UI has a simple, and clean interface revolving around NIP-65 also called the “Outbox model." As posted from GitHub,

"This NIP allows Clients to connect directly with the most up-to-date relay set from each individual user, eliminating the need of broadcasting events to popular relays."

This eliminates clients that track only a specific set of relays which can congest those relays when you publish your note. Also this can be censored, by using Gossip you can publish notes to alternative relays that have not censored you to reach the same followers.

👉The easiest way to translate that is reducing redundancy to publish to popular relays or centralized relays for content reach to your followers.

Cool! What an awesome client, I mean Tavern! What else does this knight do? He reaches for something in his pocket. what is it? A Pocket is a database for storing and retrieving nostr events but mike's written it in Rust with a few extra kinks inspired by Will's nostrdb. Still in development, but it'll be another tool for you dear user! 💖💕💚

Onigirl is proud to present this knights to the community and honor them with kisu. 💋💋💋 Show some 💖💘💓🧡💙💚

👉💋💋Will - jb55 Lord of apples 💋 @npub1xtscya34g58tk0z605fvr788k263gsu6cy9x0mhnm87echrgufzsevkk5s

👉💋💋 Mike Knight - Lord of Security 💋 @npub1acg6thl5psv62405rljzkj8spesceyfz2c32udakc2ak0dmvfeyse9p35c

Knights spend a lot of time behind the screen coding for the better of humanity. It is a tough job! Let's appreciate these knights, relay operators, that support this amazing realm of Nostr! FOSS for all!

This article was prompted for the need for privacy and security of your data. They're different, not to be confused.

Recently, Edward Snowden warns Bitcoin devs about the need for privacy, Quote:

“I've been warning Bitcoin developers for ten years that privacy needs to be provided for at the protocol level. This is the final warning. The clock is ticking.”

Snowden’s comments come after heavy actions of enforcement from Samarai Wallet, Roger Ver, Binance’s CZ, and now the closure of Wasabi Wallet. Additionally, according to CryptoBriefing, Trezor is ending it’s CoinJoin integration as well. Many are concerned over the new definition of a money transmitter, which includes even those who don’t touch the funds.

Help your favorite the hamster

^^Me drowning in notes on your feed. I can only eat so many notes to find you.

👉If there are any XMPP fans on here. I'm open to the idea of opening a public channel, so you could follow me on that as a forum-like style. My server of choice would likely be a German server.😀You would be receiving my articles as njump.me style or website-like. GrapeneOS users, you can download Cheogram app from the F-Driod store for free to access. Apple and Andriod users are subjected to pay to download this app, an alternative is ntalk or conversations. If it interests the community, just FYI. Please comment or DM.

👉If you enjoyed this content, please consider reposting/sharing as my content is easily drowned by notes on your feed. You could also join my community under Children_Zone where I post my content.

An alternative is by following #onigirl Just FYI this feature is currently a little buggy.

Follow as I search for tools and awesome devs to help you dear user live a decentralized life as I explore the realm of Nostr.

Thank you Fren

@ 97c70a44:ad98e322

I think there's been an inflection point recently in NIPs that are being proposed. Some examples:

• Products with pubkeys: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1225
• Shared-ownership events: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1192 and https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1015
• Spreadsheets: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1189
• Relational databases: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1168
• Relay-specific notes: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1146
• Editable notes: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1090
• Restricted events: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1083
• Relay-based access control: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1030
• Protected events: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/1029
• Closed groups: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/pull/875

Some of these I like, some I don't. But most of them go beyond adding new features to nostr (for example audio, video, speedruns, resumes, etc), and begin to change how nostr actually works.

Nostr can be an everything app, but I think that means something very specific. Nostr can represent data types from pretty much any domain, but it can't actually support all the semantics needed to build any arbitrary system.

I would suggest conservatism in what we build on nostr, but of course anyone can build whatever they want. But I do think it's possible to identify things that nostr is good at, and things it's bad at, and play to nostr's strengths.

Nostr's strengths:

• Being able to model any data type orthogonally to the rest
• Single-owner, self-authenticating, atomic data types
• Potential for robust content dispersal and retrieval if we can flesh out NIP 65 etc.

Nostr's weaknesses:

• Mutable state, non-atomic state
• Shared ownership, key delegation/rotation
• Privacy — metadata will always leak, lack of consistency makes key rotation harder
• Consistency — not everyone has the same view of the world
• Transactionality — nostr isn't good for updating multiple pieces of data in lockstep

It happens that the original use case of nostr — public broadcast social media — benefits greatly from nostr's strengths, and isn't bothered by any of nostr's weaknesses. Blob storage like what blossom is building also works well in this paradigm. A lot of the use cases @PABLOF7z​ has identified work beautifully well because of the single-owner public-read nature of nostr, which makes forks easy to model.

But things like access control, relational data, collaborative document creation, heavier datasets, or anything that requires a solution to the double-spend problem become very awkward (or impossible) to model on pure nostr. A simple example of this is lists. Not only is it common for a single user to mess up his follow lists because of a lack of consistency between clients or devices, but commonly requested features like shared ownership lists immediately result in a huge increase of complexity, either on the key management side or on the data structure side. Both of these problems are difficult to solve on nostr due to lack of consistency — keys can't always be reliably or safely shared, and linked data structures spanning multiple events by different authors can be hard to assemble reliably.

I think the danger here is that if we as a developer community fail to realize the limitations of nostr and try to adapt the protocol to fit every possible use case, on an ad-hoc basis, we're going to end up with a tragedy of the commons, where no developer can comprehend what must be done to get his work done, and all kinds of weird artifacts appear for end users that no one can explain.

Here are some suggestions I have for preventing this from happening. I realize no one is going to follow them. But maybe they can be helpful for avoidance of wasted time.

• Don't overload event kinds. Many people (including myself) have tried to extend kind 0 with attributes for forms, products, and groups, but that leads to madness. Instead, create a new metadata event signifying a different kind of agent.
• Don't model things as replaceable events if you can avoid it. This creates the problem of shared mutable state, which nostr doesn't have a good story for resolving. They also have a hard limit on how big they can be.
• Use different keys for different things. For domains where some kind of access control needs to be implemented, not tying everything to your main pubkey makes it possible to create and burn keys as needed. Incidentally, this can help users maintain better privacy. An example of this is private groups, which have a dedicated key separate from the group creator's own key.
• Event ownership should always be (is) single-key. If you need shared ownership, figure out a way to share keys. More work needs to go into key invalidation and rotation for this to really work.
• Explore the fork model — this is "my" version of the same thing, and coexists with rather than supersedes the original. This has potential not just for groups or wiki entries.
• Distinguish between different ways to use relays. Relays may be used as indexers (holding specific event types or supporting different features like search/count), repositories (holding many diverse events, to be used with filters), or curated feeds (to be used without filters, or with only a few filters).

These are just suggestions, and many of them may be wrong. Nostr development is hard, and getting harder. Keep it simple.

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Table Of Content

• Content

• Conclusion

• FAQ

• You May Also Like

• External Links

Indicators, both leading and trailing, may be used to gauge the health of an economy or financial market. In other words, leading indicators change before a market trend or economic cycle.In contrast, trailing indicators are backward-looking and provide information about a market's or economy's past performance.

meaning that whereas lagging indicators provide signals based on an ongoing trend, leading indicators give predictive signals (in advance of the occurrence of events or trends). Stock, forex, and cryptocurrency traders rely heavily on these two types of indicators because of their use in technical analysis (TA).

The history of technical analysis (TA) indicators in the financial markets dates back to the early 20th century. These indicators are based on concepts established between the years spanning 1902 and 1929, when the Dow Theory was formulated. Simply put, the Dow Theory argues that price fluctuations are not random and may be anticipated via careful study of past market activity.

Additionally, both leading and trailing indicators are used when charting economic success. Because of this, they are connected to a wide range of economic data and indices in addition to technical analysis and market pricing.

How do leading and lagging indicators work?

Leading indicators

As was previously said, leading indicators may shed light on upcoming patterns. As a result, these metrics might be used to foretell the onset of a downturn or the beginning of a rebound. The stock market, retail sales, and the issuance of construction licenses are just a few examples.

Thus, leading indicators are best used for short- to medium-term forecasting because of their tendency to lead economic cycles. Permits to construct buildings, for instance, may serve as a proxy for future economic growth. They could be a sign that the need for construction workers and real estate investments will grow.

Lagging indicators

In contrast to leading indicators, which are used to predict future trends, lagging indicators are used to detect patterns that have already taken place. That's why indicators of this kind always lag behind business cycles.

Long-term evaluations, such as those based on past economic performance or past pricing data, sometimes use lagging indicators. That is to say, lagging indicators are those that provide indications based on a market trend or financial event that has already taken place.

Coincident indicators

Coincident indications are a third kind of indicator worth considering, despite their lower profile in the bitcoin industry. These signs fall between the extremes of the previous two categories. They function very quickly in order to provide data on the present state of the economy.

The number of hours worked by a workforce or the output of a certain industry (like manufacturing or mining), for example, might be used to construct a coincident indicator.

However, it is important to remember that there is some fuzziness around the precise definitions of leading, lagging, and coincident indicators. Depending on the chosen approach and the given circumstances, several signs may be classified differently. particularly prevalent in economic metrics like the gross domestic product (GDP).

Gross domestic product is often a lagging indicator since it is determined by looking back at previous data. However, it may be a coincident signal in certain circumstances when it reflects rapid changes in the economy.

Uses in technical analysis

Financial markets include economic data as well. To help them make decisions, many investors and chartists use technical analysis tools that may be classified as either leading or lagging indications.

The primary function of the leading TA indicators is to serve as a type of forecasting. They often depend on current market conditions and the number of trades. This suggests they may foretell future market shifts. However, they have the same limitations as any other kind of data analysis.

The relative strength index (RSI) and the stochastic relative strength index (Stochastic RSI) are two technical analysis leading indicators. Candlesticks, too, may be interpreted as a leading indication because of the patterns they produce. In the real world, these trends could help us predict what the market will do next.

In contrast, trailing TA indicators use historical data to provide traders with information about the past. Nonetheless, they might be useful for anticipating the emergence of new market trends. For instance, the beginning of a downtrend may be signaled when the price falls below a moving average after an uptrend has ended.

Both sorts of indicators may sometimes be seen side by side on the same chart. For example, the Ichimoku Cloud includes both forward-looking and trailing data.

There are benefits and drawbacks to using both leading and trailing indicators in technical analysis. Indicators that may foretell future trends, known as "leading indicators," seem to provide the most promising chances for traders. Unfortunately, leading indications may provide false readings.

However, trailing indicators are more trustworthy since their boundaries have already been established by recent market activity. However, lagging indicators have a clear drawback in that they are slow to respond to changes in the market. In certain situations, the indications may arrive too late for a trader to establish a profitable position, reducing the possible profits.

Uses in macroeconomics

Indicators serve as a valuable tool for analyzing macroeconomic developments in addition to the pricing market. Even though economic indicators are distinct from technical analysis indicators, they nonetheless fall into two basic categories: leading and trailing.

Other examples of leading economic indicators include retail sales, home prices, and factory activity levels. The common consensus is that these factors will influence or at least shed light on what the economy will do in the future.

Unemployment and inflation rates are two more standard instances of trailing macroeconomic indicators. These metrics, along with gross domestic product and the consumer price index, are often used to evaluate a country's progress over time or to compare it to others'.

Conclusion

Both leading and trailing indicators play crucial roles in several subfields of finance, from technical analysis to macroeconomics. Because they often combine many distinct ideas into a single tool, they are useful for interpreting a wide range of data types. Therefore, these indicators may be used to foretell or verify the occurrence of future trends. On the other hand, they may be helpful for judging a country's economic progress in terms of past years or international standards.

FAQs

What are the leading indicators in crypto? Predicting future price changes using historical data is what leading indicators are all about. To initiate a trade at the beginning of a trend, traders may use these sorts of indications to foretell the direction in which prices will go.

How do you tell if an indicator is leading or lagging? The forward-facing indicators, known as "leading indicators," scan the road ahead through the glass. To see where you've been, lagging indications use the rear window. Lagging indicators provide information about the past, such as revenue, and are used in finance.

What are leading and lagging indicators in trading? The goal of leading indicators is to foretell where the price is going, whereas the purpose of lagging indicators is to provide a report on the past circumstances that led to the present price. Over time, trend indicators (lagging indicators) determine whether a market is going up, down, or staying relatively stable.

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DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

início

"Vocês vêem? Vêem a história? Vêem alguma coisa? Me parece que estou tentando lhes contar um sonho -- fazendo uma tentativa inútil, porque nenhum relato de sonho pode transmitir a sensação de sonho, aquela mistura de absurdo, surpresa e espanto numa excitação de revolta tentando se impôr, aquela noção de ser tomado pelo incompreensível que é da própria essência dos sonhos..."

Ele ficou em silêncio por alguns instantes.

"... Não, é impossível; é impossível transmitir a sensação viva de qualquer época determinada de nossa existência -- aquela que constitui a sua verdade, o seu significado, a sua essência sutil e contundente. É impossível. Vivemos, como sonhamos -- sozinhos..."

• Livros mencionados por Olavo de Carvalho
• Antiga homepage Olavo de Carvalho
• Bitcoin explicado de um jeito correto e inteligível
• Reclamações

---

• Nostr
• Bitcoin
• How IPFS is broken
• Programming quibbles
• Economics
• Open-source software

---

Nostr GitHub Telegram Donate

@ eac63075:b4988b48

Introdução

O mundo das criptomoedas está em constante mudança e evolução. Com a Foxbit integrando a Lightning Network, aplicativos para converter Bitcoin em Lightning, e a SEC considerando que o Ethereum pode ser considerado um Security após a mudança para Proof-of-Stake, é importante entender o que está acontecendo no setor. Além disso, o Banco Central brasileiro vem estudando o assunto desde 2015, e a Argentina está usando criptomoedas para se resolver. Neste artigo, vamos explorar esses assuntos e muito mais.

Foxbit e Lightning Network

De acordo com membros da comunidade, a Foxbit, uma das principais exchanges brasileiras, anunciou recentemente que já integrou a Lightning Network. A Lightning Network é uma camada de pagamentos para o Bitcoin que permite que os usuários façam pagamentos instantâneos, baratos e seguros. Com a integração da Foxbit, os usuários agora podem usar a Lightning Network para converter Bitcoin na Lightning.

Além disso, existem aplicativos que permitem aos usuários converter Bitcoin em Lightning. Esses aplicativos permitem que os usuários façam pagamentos instantâneos, baratos e seguros usando a Lightning Network.

Disputa da Binance

Um juiz americano determinou recentemente que as partes envolvidas na disputa da Binance devem se sentar para conversar e chegar a um acordo. A disputa envolve a SEC, que acusa a Binance de violar as leis de segurança dos EUA ao permitir que os usuários negociem criptomoedas sem licença.

Regulação

Em 2018, o regulador americano pronunciou-se de que o Ethereum não seria considerado um Security. No entanto, a SEC está considerando que, após a mudança do Ethereum para Proof-of-Stake, o Ethereum pode ser considerado um Security. Além disso, documentos podem ajudar certos tokens ERC 20, mas não é possível implementar leis de Security.

Gary Gensler, o presidente da SEC, falou recentemente sobre Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin e Bitcoin Cash. Ele disse que a regulação é difícil de ser executada, mas que a SEC já afirmou que o Bitcoin não é security.

Banco Central brasileiro

O Banco Central brasileiro vem estudando o assunto de criptomoedas desde 2015. O poder do governo é sobre a população, independente de partido político. O governo se acha dono do Estado, e isso é algo que precisa ser discutido.

Argentina

A Argentina está usando criptomoedas para se resolver. O mercado está sendo controlado desde os anos 90, e as criptomoedas podem ser usadas como forma de liberdade no futuro.

Bitcoin

O Bitcoin tem múltiplas facetas no mundo financeiro. Ele pode ser usado como forma de preservar a liberdade das pessoas para o futuro. Além disso, o Bitcoin foi criado como uma ferramenta para ser usada pelas pessoas comuns, e o acesso ao sistema bancário para os desbancarizados é complicado.

A Lightning é uma ferramenta revolucionária para pagamentos. No entanto, a bipa não lê os qr-code da LNBits, então é necessário enviar para outra plataforma e converter para Bitcoin.

Além disso, a queda da Amazon nos Estados Unidos poderia ser usada como argumento para derrubar a jurisdição do Ethereum nos Estados Unidos. É recomendado espalhar os nós por diferentes regiões para aumentar a resiliência e a descentralização. Como grande parte dos nodes do Ethereum estão nos Estados Unidos (dentro da Amazon), Gary Gensler disse que a jurisdição sobre o Ethereum é americana.

Marketing

O marketing deve ser usado de forma ética, sem usar informações falsas para enganar o público.

Mineração

A Blockstream vai lançar sua própria mineradora de Bitcoin no Q3 de 2024. A Intel suspendeu a fabricação do chip de mineração de Bitcoin.

NFTs

A Apple removeu aplicativos de NFTs por considerar que eles fazem transações financeiras. Ethereans criaram uma música para o Vitalic, que está disponível na plataforma Sound.xyz. É uma plataforma como o Spotify, mas web3. Ela permite que os criadores de música vendam suas músicas como NFTs. Os donos dos NFTs recebem uma parte das vendas. O modelo econômico do negócio é interessante, pois ao invés de pagar uma distribuidora, o criador paga as pessoas que adquiriram o NFT para distribuir.

@ 8fb140b4:f948000c

Intro

This short tutorial will help you set up your own Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC) on your own LND Node that is not using Umbrel. If you are a user of Umbrel, you should use their version of NWC.

Requirements

You need to have a working installation of LND with established channels and connectivity to the internet. NWC in itself is fairly light and will not consume a lot of resources. You will also want to ensure that you have a working installation of Docker, since we will use a docker image to run NWC.

• Working installation of LND (and all of its required components)
• Docker (with Docker compose)

Installation

For the purpose of this tutorial, we will assume that you have your lnd/bitcoind running under user bitcoin with home directory /home/bitcoin. We will also assume that you already have a running installation of Docker (or docker.io).

Prepare and verify

git version - we will need git to get the latest version of NWC. docker version - should execute successfully and show the currently installed version of Docker. docker compose version - same as before, but the version will be different. ss -tupln | grep 10009- should produce the following output: tcp LISTEN 0 4096 0.0.0.0:10009 0.0.0.0: tcp LISTEN 0 4096 [::]:10009 [::]:**

For things to work correctly, your Docker should be version 20.10.0 or later. If you have an older version, consider installing a new one using instructions here: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/

Create folders & download NWC

In the home directory of your LND/bitcoind user, create a new folder, e.g., "nwc" mkdir /home/bitcoin/nwc. Change to that directory cd /home/bitcoin/nwc and clone the NWC repository: git clone https://github.com/getAlby/nostr-wallet-connect.git

Creating the Docker image

In this step, we will create a Docker image that you will use to run NWC.

• Change directory to nostr-wallet-connect: cd nostr-wallet-connect
• Run command to build Docker image: docker build -t nwc:$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M') -t nwc:latest . (there is a dot at the end)
• The last line of the output (after a few minutes) should look like => => naming to docker.io/library/nwc:latest
• nwc:latest is the name of the Docker image with a tag which you should note for use later.

Creating docker-compose.yml and necessary data directories

• Let's create a directory that will hold your non-volatile data (DB): mkdir data
• Indocker-compose.ymlfile, there are fields that you want to replace (<> comments) and port “4321” that you want to make sure is open (check with ss -tupln | grep 4321which should return nothing).
• Create docker-compose.ymlfile with the following content, and make sure to update fields that have <> comment:

version: "3.8" services: nwc: image: nwc:latest volumes: - ./data:/data - ~/.lnd:/lnd:ro ports: - "4321:8080" extra_hosts: - "localhost:host-gateway" environment: NOSTR_PRIVKEY: <use "openssl rand -hex 32" to generate a fresh key and place it inside ""> LN_BACKEND_TYPE: "LND" LND_ADDRESS: localhost:10009 LND_CERT_FILE: "/lnd/tls.cert" LND_MACAROON_FILE: "/lnd/data/chain/bitcoin/mainnet/admin.macaroon" DATABASE_URI: "/data/nostr-wallet-connect.db" COOKIE_SECRET: <use "openssl rand -hex 32" to generate fresh secret and place it inside ""> PORT: 8080 restart: always stop_grace_period: 1m

Starting and testing

Now that you have everything ready, it is time to start the container and test.

• While you are in the nwcdirectory (important), execute the following command and check the log output, docker compose up
• You should see container logs while it is starting, and it should not exit if everything went well.
• At this point, you should be able to go to http://<ip of the host where nwc is running>:4321 and get to the interface of NWC
• To stop the test run of NWC, simply press Ctrl-C , and it will shut the container down.
• To start NWC permanently, you should execute docker compose up -d , “-d” tells Docker to detach from the session.
• To check currently running NWC logs, execute docker compose logs to run it in tail mode add -f to the end.
• To stop the container, execute docker compose down

That's all, just follow the instructions in the web interface to get started.

Updating

As with any software, you should expect fixes and updates that you would need to perform periodically. You could automate this, but it falls outside of the scope of this tutorial. Since we already have all of the necessary configuration in place, the update execution is fairly simple.

• Change directory to the clone of the git repository, cd /home/bitcoin/nwc/nostr-wallet-connect
• Run command to build Docker image: docker build -t nwc:$(date +'%Y%m%d%H%M') -t nwc:latest . (there is a dot at the end)
• Change directory back one level cd ..
• Restart (stop and start) the docker compose config docker compose down && docker compose up -d
• Done! Optionally you may want to check the logs: docker compose logs

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Nostr: a quick introduction, attempt #1

Nostr doesn't have a material existence, it is not a website or an app. Nostr is just a description what kind of messages each computer can send to the others and vice-versa. It's a very simple thing, but the fact that such description exists allows different apps to connect to different servers automatically, without people having to talk behind the scenes or sign contracts or anything like that.

When you use a Nostr client that is what happens, your client will connect to a bunch of servers, called relays, and all these relays will speak the same "language" so your client will be able to publish notes to them all and also download notes from other people.

That's basically what Nostr is: this communication layer between the client you run on your phone or desktop computer and the relay that someone else is running on some server somewhere. There is no central authority dictating who can connect to whom or even anyone who knows for sure where each note is stored.

If you think about it, Nostr is very much like the internet itself: there are millions of websites out there, and basically anyone can run a new one, and there are websites that allow you to store and publish your stuff on them.

The added benefit of Nostr is that this unified "language" that all Nostr clients speak allow them to switch very easily and cleanly between relays. So if one relay decides to ban someone that person can switch to publishing to others relays and their audience will quickly follow them there. Likewise, it becomes much easier for relays to impose any restrictions they want on their users: no relay has to uphold a moral ground of "absolute free speech": each relay can decide to delete notes or ban users for no reason, or even only store notes from a preselected set of people and no one will be entitled to complain about that.

There are some bad things about this design: on Nostr there are no guarantees that relays will have the notes you want to read or that they will store the notes you're sending to them. We can't just assume all relays will have everything — much to the contrary, as Nostr grows more relays will exist and people will tend to publishing to a small set of all the relays, so depending on the decisions each client takes when publishing and when fetching notes, users may see a different set of replies to a note, for example, and be confused.

Another problem with the idea of publishing to multiple servers is that they may be run by all sorts of malicious people that may edit your notes. Since no one wants to see garbage published under their name, Nostr fixes that by requiring notes to have a cryptographic signature. This signature is attached to the note and verified by everybody at all times, which ensures the notes weren't tampered (if any part of the note is changed even by a single character that would cause the signature to become invalid and then the note would be dropped). The fix is perfect, except for the fact that it introduces the requirement that each user must now hold this 63-character code that starts with "nsec1", which they must not reveal to anyone. Although annoying, this requirement brings another benefit: that users can automatically have the same identity in many different contexts and even use their Nostr identity to login to non-Nostr websites easily without having to rely on any third-party.

To conclude: Nostr is like the internet (or the internet of some decades ago): a little chaotic, but very open. It is better than the internet because it is structured and actions can be automated, but, like in the internet itself, nothing is guaranteed to work at all times and users many have to do some manual work from time to time to fix things. Plus, there is the cryptographic key stuff, which is painful, but cool.

@ d7607464:421e573a

chezmoi is a command-line tool that uses git to keep your dotfiles in sync across all of your machines. In this guide, I'll show you a simple use case of keeping dotfiles synced between two machines, machine_A and machine_B. chezmoi has many more features that you can explore beyond this as you become more comfortable with the workflow.

Chezmoi Cheatsheet

This is a diagram of the various locations chezmoi accesses to manage your dotfiles, as well as the relevant commands to move files around. I'll be referencing the locations home_A, chezmoi_A, home_B, chezmoi_B, and repo shown in this diagram throughout this guide.

Installation

The first step to using chezmoi is installing and initializing it. We will be on machine_A to start with. Here, I'll be building the binary from the source code.

First, make sure you have golang installed: https://go.dev/doc/install

Then, clone the chezmoi repo and use make to build it:

bash cd /tmp git clone https://github.com/twpayne/chezmoi.git cd chezmoi make build

This will create the chezmoi binary, which you can then copy any directory in your PATH. Here, I'll move it to ~/bin. If ~/bin doesn't exist, you have to create it and re-source ~/.profile to add it to PATH.

bash mkdir -p ~/bin && source ~/.profile cp chezmoi ~/bin/chezmoi

Now you should be able to run chezmoi:

```bash

chezmoi --version chezmoi version dev, commit 255846 . . . ```

Initialization

Now that you've installed chezmoi, you have to initialize it. This guide uses the main branch for all git operations, and you can change the default branch for git repositories as follows before you initialize chezmoi:

bash git config --global init.defaultBranch main

Then initialize chezmoi:

bash chezmoi init

This creates the chezmoi git repository at ~/.local/share/chezmoi. Based on the diagram above, this is the location corresponding to chezmoi_A.

Adding your first file

Most systems have a .bashrc or similar configuration file, so that can be the first dotfile you add to chezmoi:

bash chezmoi add ~/.bashrc

Change into the chezmoi_A directory to see the file added to chezmoi:

bash chezmoi cd ls

You'll see dot_bashrc listed. chezmoi renames the dots at the start of all of your dotfiles as 'dot_' so they are not considered hidden. This directory is a git repository as well, but it isn't linked to an online repository yet. You can use a private repository on GitHub or GitLab, or even a self-hosted instance of GitLab. Whatever remote repository you choose to use, follow its instructions to create a new repository called dotfiles and add it as origin to your local chezmoi git repository. Here, I'll create a private GitHub repository and link it using ssh. Then you should be able to see it with:

```bash

git remote -v origin git@github.com:wisehodl/dotfiles.git (fetch) origin git@github.com:wisehodl/dotfiles.git (push) ```

Now commit your first dotfile and push it to the online repo:

bash git add dot_bashrc git commit -m "Added .bashrc" git push -u origin main

Congratulations! You've successfully backed up your first dotfile using chezmoi. chezmoi add can add individual files as well as directories.

Adding directories and ignoring files.

chezmoi can add whole directories with chezmoi add but you may want to ignore certain files if they are auto-generated or contain sensitive information. Say you have a directory you want to add to chezmoi that contains some authentication details as well as actual config files, like so:

bash /home/wise/.test/ ├── .auth └── .config

Here, we want to add .test to chezmoi but ignore the .auth file that contains some login information. First, you'll have to tell chezmoi to ignore the .auth file using the .chezmoiignore file. It works just like .gitignore if you're familiar with that.

bash echo ".test/.auth" >> .chezmoiignore

Now you can add the .test directory:

```bash

chezmoi add ~/.test chezmoi: warning: ignoring .test/.auth ```

And you'll see that chezmoi is purposely ignoring the .auth file. If you look at your chezmoi directory now, you'll see the dot_test directory added with only the config file.

Add these changes to your git repo:

bash git add -A git commit -m "Added .test/" git push

Here, you should start to get a feel for how the workflow for adding files to chezmoi typically goes. Before we start modifying files, let's move over to machine_B and sync your dotfiles over there.

Syncing to another machine

For the sake of simplicity, I'll assume that you are syncing your dotfiles to a fresh install of the same Linux distro as machine_A. If you have a lot of conflicting dotfiles between machine_A and machine_B, you'll either need to utilize git merge or chezmoi merge at your discretion and resolve the conflicts. If certain files do need to be different between the machines, then you'll have to utilize chezmoi's templating capabilities. These situations are beyond the scope of this guide and are left as an exercise for the reader.

On machine_B follow the steps above to install and initialize chezmoi. Then, add your remote git repository as before, and pull it into the chezmoi directory:

bash git pull origin main

The first time you push from chezmoi_B, you may have to run git push -u origin main to set the upstream branch and fully set up the remote connection.

Now to review, we've synced up 4 out of the 5 locations in the diagram above: home_A, chezmoi_A, repo, and chezmoi_B. Syncing chezmoi_B and home_B is where things can get complicated if, like I said before, you have a lot of file conflicts. You can check for differences between the source directory, chezmoi_B and the destination directory, home_B using chezmoi diff. There is also the concept of a "target state" in chezmoi, but it only becomes relevant if you use templates. In the context of this guide, the source directory is also the target state.

Say, for example, you had some conflicting lines in ~/.bashrc, chezmoi diff would show you the changes that would need to occur to make the destination state, ~/.bashrc, match the source state, ~/.local/share/chezmoi/dot_bashrc. There are a few strategies you can use to resolve this conflict:

1. Create a new branch in chezmoi_B, add the file from home_B with chezmoi add, then perform a git merge back to main.
2. Use chezmoi merge ~/.bashrc, which will take you into a vimdiff window to manually change the files to match.
3. Overwrite the source file with the destination file using chezmoi add ~/.bashrc
4. Overwrite the destination file with the source file using chezmoi apply ~/.bashrc

[DANGER AHEAD]

This guide will go with option 4 for every file in chezmoi_B:

```bash

Do not do this unless you want to OVERWRITE files in your

home directory.

chezmoi apply ```

chezmoi will do its best to warn you if you're about to do something dangerous and give you some options on how to proceed.

Doing this, the dotfiles in both machine_A and machine_B are in sync! But you know that your dotfiles will change and grow over time, so we have to talk about strategies for maintaining this sync.

Modifying your dotfiles

You have to remain mindful that you're using chezmoi to keep your dotfiles in sync, otherwise machine_A and machine_B can get out of sync pretty easily. chezmoi has the chezmoi edit command to edit files in the destination state, but I prefer to edit files in either home_A or home_B and then follow the path in the diagram above from end to end to sync up the whole network.

For example, you can change or add a file from home_B and do:

1. (home_B) $ chezmoi add ~/path/to/.file
2. (home_B) $ chezmoi cd
3. (chezmoi_B) $ git add -A
4. (chezmoi_B) $ git commit -m "Changed ~/path/to/.file"
5. (chezmoi_B) $ git push
6. (home_A) $ chezmoi cd
7. (chezmoi_A) $ git pull
8. (chezmoi_A) $ chezmoi apply

And that will propagate the change across your network. You can also use chezmoi update from home_A to pull the repo and apply the target state all in one step. The best way to avoid conflicts and headaches is to always push changes you make to you dotfiles as soon as you can and avoid making changes to the same file on two different machines simultaneously, just like with any git repository.

Conclusion

If you've followed the steps in this guide, you will have learned a workflow to keep the dotfiles between two Linux machines in sync using chezmoi. The diagram at the top of the guide should serve as a useful cheatsheet for the most common tasks you'll perform to maintain your dotfiles.

chezmoi is a very versatile application, and is capable of managing very complex dotfile setups. Their documentation is very technical and daunting to the new user, but it remains a good resource for doing more complex tasks with chezmoi.

• Command Overview: https://www.chezmoi.io/user-guide/command-overview/
• Reference: https://www.chezmoi.io/reference/

---

All the best!

• WiseHODL

@ eac63075:b4988b48

Lets try this new native blog tool for Nostr!

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

I recently finished The Three-Body Problem, which I enjoyed a lot. I love science fiction, and this book in particular reminded me how much I love physics, something I had forgotten over the last 30-odd years amidst reading the dull prose of a few popular books I hoped would have the opposite effect. (Thinking Stephen Hawking among others.) But this book, no matter how unreal the “fiction” part really captured my imagination about what’s possible and fascinating. It made me want to think about it again.

I won’t give the story away in case you want to read it, but one example the author used was how those operating in higher dimensions might trivially peer into the private spaces of our present world, which to our perception consists only in three spatial ones plus time. Imagine a two-dimensional world on a large flat piece of paper. If you draw a circle on the paper, nothing outside the circle can get inside without crossing its boundary.

But a higher-dimensional being could trivially just step (or jump) over the boundary and into the middle. Hence someone in five-dimensional space-time might similarly be able to see through or enter our seemingly closed spaces by stepping “over” our enclosed structure from a dimension hidden from us.

. . .

I’ve started a new book called What Technology Wants about how what we view as technology is an extension of evolution itself, governed by similar axioms and even teleological aims. One contrast he draws between biological evolution and technology is that the former always proceeds stepwise, gradually and “in time” whereas the latter can take leaps “across time,” borrowing from earlier designs and erstwhile abandoned insights and inventions.

Biological evolution can only pass along genes that interact advantageously with the environment and abandons those that do not. But the scientific method, on which much of modern technology is based, allows us to incorporate insights that were ahead of their time, that didn’t initially make the cut. It enables us to gather inputs from anywhere, formulate theories and test their explanatory power against the results. It’s almost as if a new dimension of sorts were added to knowledge creation 350-odd years ago that allowed us to step over the boundaries in which we were formerly constrained.

. . .

The Three-Body Problem, written in 2008 (though there are sequels which I ordered and will start when they arrive), talks about even higher dimensions (buried outside our immediate reach at quantum scales.) Just as someone might step into the two-dimensional circle from the third dimension, perhaps someone can step into a six-dimensional hyper-shape from the seventh. If the scientific method could be said to advance us dimensionally, i.e., to have unlocked a previously unknown process for rapidly accelerating knowledge, one even civilizations as advanced as ancient Greece and Rome lacked, perhaps there are more fundamental modes of mind discoverable yet.

It’s easy to grasp that there are many things we don’t know about reality, but harder to wrap one’s head around the notion that like the ancient Greeks and Romans, despite our many concrete technological achievements, we lack even a basic understanding of the faculties needed to go about it.

As I said, these books got me thinking again.

@ 52387c6b:49dbdfb2

Chef's notes

Easy start to the day, can also put some Woostr in your Bloody Mary. Perfect for washing down the toast. Breakfast of champions. If you have some sharp cheddar you can melt this on the toast, altho this may prove too complex for the average bloke, just an option. Be mindful this will add significant prep and cook time. 2-3 minutes

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 sec
• 🍳 Cook time: 2 min
• 🍽️ Servings: 1

Ingredients

• 2 slices of bread
• Butter
• Woostr sauce
• Bloody Mary

Directions

1. Toast bread to your liking, lather a dollop of butter on. Criss cross the toast with a butter knife ( so the woostr dont roll off) and then drizzle on woostr.

@ 1123ece2:7d1e00c0

Welcome to The Refinery.

The Master’s recipe for Effective Praying is the theme we have been working through for the last few Sunday's and is a study of the petitions found in the Lord’s prayer.

Today we are discussing, Thy Will Be Done.

The Text we will concentrate on today is,

Matthew 6:10 NKJV

10 Your kingdom come. Your will be done On earth as it is in heaven.

Further Scripture Reading includes,

Luke 22:39-46 NKJV

The Prayer in the Garden

39 Coming out, He went to the Mount of Olives, as He was accustomed, and His disciples also followed Him. 

40 When He came to the place, He said to them, “Pray that you may not enter into temptation.”

41 And He was withdrawn from them about a stone’s throw, and He knelt down and prayed, 

42 saying, “Father, if it is Your will, take this cup away from Me; nevertheless not My will, but Yours, be done.” 

43 Then an angel appeared to Him from heaven, strengthening Him. 

44 And being in agony, He prayed more earnestly. Then His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground.

45 When He rose up from prayer, and had come to His disciples, He found them sleeping from sorrow. 

46 Then He said to them, “Why do you sleep? Rise and pray, lest you enter into temptation.”

Introduction.

“It is God’s will.”

These words are often used to interpret the tragedies of life.

In legal language, “an act of God” is used to explain the great catastrophes that bring so much suffering and ruin.

Yet Jesus instructed us to pray, “Thy will be done.”

Does that mean that we are praying for catastrophes and tragedies to fall upon us?

Such tragic events are not what we find associated with God’s will in the Bible.

God wills to create a world, to create humans, to send His Son, to redeem humans.

These things are an expression of God’s eternal purpose and will be accomplished, so there is really no need for us to pray for the accomplishment of them.

But God’s will also includes His commands and His plan for our day to day lives.

Thus we need to pray that His will might be done in our lives and in the lives of others.

The concern of this particular petition is how we are to do God’s will.

Since His will is to be done “on earth as it is in heaven,” we are to look to heaven for our pattern of response.

Even though we do not know as much about heaven as we would like to know, we do know enough to give us some helpful instructions at this point.

1. **Submissively. **

There is only one Lord in heaven.

Every creature bows before Him in worship, adoration, and submission.

In Isaiah six, Isaiah records that he saw angelic beings with six wings.

Two of their wings were used to fly with the speed to carry out God’s every wish, and two we used to cover their faces as an act of reverence in His presence.

In the end time revelation of Jesus Christ, John saw the saints bowing before God and casting their crowns at His feet.

John describe the saints as those who “serve Him day and night.”

He is absolute Lord over everything there, and everyone is completely submissive to His will. 

Sometimes we obey without actually being submissive.

A little boy once expressed this thought eloquently to his mother when she made him sit in the corner as a form of discipline.

He didn't like it, so he tried to stand up.

But she was firm and insisted that he be seated.

As he took his seat, he replied, “I may be sitting on the outside, but I'm still standing on the inside.”

She could make him respond physically, but she could not make him submissive in the spirit.

Some of us respond to God's will in this way.

We give in to the insistence of God, but we do not really submit to him as Lord.

Thus petition “Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven is a place that we would have the very spirit of heaven as we approach God's will.

Our attitude and doing God's will is just as important as the act itself.

2. Completely.

Completely means not selectively.

In heaven God's will is done completely.

The angels are not selective in their obedience to God's will. 

Whatever God says, they do.

Those who refused to give the Lord God complete obedience and chose to exercise their own will in opposition to his will have been excluded from heaven.

They are no longer privileged to enter into God's presence. 

Jesus teaches us to pray that God's will maybe done in our lives and in our world.

We have a tendency to be selective in our response to God's will.

We pick which of His precepts will guide us.

For example, a man may choose to follow the Lord's will in attending public worship, but he may choose to ignore God's will when it comes to tithing.

Another man may be very careful for the follow the Lord's will for stewardship.

He may be more careful than a Pharisee when it comes to calculating his tithes and offerings, but he may ignore the Lord's will for his marriage and instead follow the last of the flesh.

In heaven it is never so!

There God's will is done completely.

Completely means not partially.

We may also be partial in our obedience. 

We may reserve the right to determine exactly how far we will go in our response to God's will.

But partial obedience is actually disobedience.

Whatever God says, we must do. 

3. Joyfully.

Joyfully like the angels.

Joy is one of the most obvious marks of the heavenly response.

Scripture tells us that the angels sing as they do the will of the Father in heaven.

We must be joyful like the Son.

In Psalm 40:8, we read, “I delight to do Your will, O my God, And Your law is within my heart.”

Jesus did not do the father's wheel out of a sense of duty, but rather with great delight.

In John 4:34 Jesus said, “My food is to do the will of Him who sent Me, and to finish His work.”

He found real joy in doing the will of his father.

It was food for His spirit.

Our response to the will of God will be one of our first concerns when we before Him.

We need to be concerned that we know his will fully and do it joyfully.

4. Constantly.

We have no record of ever being a need for revival in heaven.

No Angel ever waivers in his devotion to God's will.

No Angel ever withdraws his support from the Lord's program.

Day after day he does whatever God commands.

Millennia pass by and angels still obey with the same joy and delight, doing whatever task God assigns them.

Our Lord Jesus also provides us with a beautiful example.

He allowed nothing to turn him from doing the Fathers will.

With a willing heart and delight in His God, He went all the way to the cross.

Conclusion.

Are you giving consideration to God's will in your life?

It should be one of your first considerations when you come to pray.

It is more important that you know and do God's will and that you have your daily bread.

God makes this a matter of first concern.

Will you? 

Until next time

Stay in the Blessings

I really want to encourage you to be diligent with your Bible study time, because God has so much more for us than we can get from just going to church once or twice a week and hearing someone else talk about the Word.

When you spend time with God, your life will change in amazing ways, because God is a Redeemer. Theres nothing thats too hard for Him, and He can make you whole, spirit, soul and body!

You’re important to God, and you’re important to us at The Refinery.

When it comes to prayer, we believe that God wants to meet your needs and reveal His promises to you.

So whatever you’re concerned about and need prayer for we want to be here for you! Or even if you just want to say Hi, you can contact us at www.refinerylife.org

2024 IS A YEAR OF DECISIONS AND OPEN DOORS

© www.refinerylife.org  2013-2024 All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the Australian Copyright Act 1968, no part of this Article may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission. 

This episode is brought to you by Refinery Life Australia:

If you enjoy The Refinery Life Radio Podcast you can help support The Refinery by doing the following:

Sow an offering: Bitcoin: bc1qqh6720t2zagj72dyfj348az698tdut3hlecaj4

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@ 46fcbe30:6bd8ce4d

Opinion about Bitcoin Core (desktop)

Bitcoin Core is the most prominent continuation of Satoshi Nakamoto's original work. Contributors to this project are pioneers in reproducible builds and it's the software with most attestations to its reproducibility and with probably thousands of academics looking at the code and how it's being compiled, this software sets the benchmark for transparency in self custody.

It started out being the Bitcoin full node, wallet, miner and even parts for a market place could be found in the early code base. Today, it is being stripped of the mining feature and even the wallet feature might get removed at some point.

For the average user, Bitcoin core is not a convenient wallet but arguably it's the only software that can really make sure you are receiving Bitcoin on the Bitcoin blockchain so almost all wallets talk to a server running this software one way or another.

WalletScrutiny #nostrOpinion

Join the conversation!

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Pequenos problemas que o Estado cria para a sociedade e que não são sempre lembrados

- **vale-transporte**: transferir o custo com o transporte do funcionário para um terceiro o estimula a morar longe de onde trabalha, já que morar perto é normalmente mais caro e a economia com transporte é inexistente.
- **atestado médico**: o direito a faltar o trabalho com atestado médico cria a exigência desse atestado para todas as situações, substituindo o livre acordo entre patrão e empregado e sobrecarregando os médicos e postos de saúde com visitas desnecessárias de assalariados resfriados.
- **prisões**: com dinheiro mal-administrado, burocracia e péssima alocação de recursos -- problemas que empresas privadas em competição (ou mesmo sem qualquer competição) saberiam resolver muito melhor -- o Estado fica sem presídios, com os poucos existentes entupidos, muito acima de sua alocação máxima, e com isto, segundo a bizarra corrente de responsabilidades que culpa o juiz que condenou o criminoso por sua morte na cadeia, juízes deixam de condenar à prisão os bandidos, soltando-os na rua.
- **justiça**: entrar com processos é grátis e isto faz proliferar a atividade dos advogados que se dedicam a criar problemas judiciais onde não seria necessário e a entupir os tribunais, impedindo-os de fazer o que mais deveriam fazer.
- **justiça**: como a justiça só obedece às leis e ignora acordos pessoais, escritos ou não, as pessoas não fazem acordos, recorrem sempre à justiça estatal, e entopem-na de assuntos que seriam muito melhor resolvidos entre vizinhos.
- **leis civis**: as leis criadas pelos parlamentares ignoram os costumes da sociedade e são um incentivo a que as pessoas não respeitem nem criem normas sociais -- que seriam maneiras mais rápidas, baratas e satisfatórias de resolver problemas.
- **leis de trãnsito**: quanto mais leis de trânsito, mais serviço de fiscalização são delegados aos policiais, que deixam de combater crimes por isto (afinal de contas, eles não querem de fato arriscar suas vidas combatendo o crime, a fiscalização é uma excelente desculpa para se esquivarem a esta responsabilidade).
- **financiamento educacional**: é uma espécie de subsídio às faculdades privadas que faz com que se criem cursos e mais cursos que são cada vez menos recheados de algum conhecimento ou técnica útil e cada vez mais inúteis.
- **leis de tombamento**: são um incentivo a que o dono de qualquer área ou construção "histórica" destrua todo e qualquer vestígio de história que houver nele antes que as autoridades descubram, o que poderia não acontecer se ele pudesse, por exemplo, usar, mostrar e se beneficiar da história daquele local sem correr o risco de perder, de fato, a sua propriedade.
- **zoneamento urbano**: torna as cidades mais espalhadas, criando uma necessidade gigantesca de carros, ônibus e outros meios de transporte para as pessoas se locomoverem das zonas de moradia para as zonas de trabalho.
- **zoneamento urbano**: faz com que as pessoas percam horas no trânsito todos os dias, o que é, além de um desperdício, um atentado contra a sua saúde, que estaria muito melhor servida numa caminhada diária entre a casa e o trabalho.
- **zoneamento urbano**: torna ruas e as casas menos seguras criando zonas enormes, tanto de residências quanto de indústrias, onde não há movimento de gente alguma.
- **escola obrigatória + currículo escolar nacional**: emburrece todas as crianças.
- **leis contra trabalho infantil**: tira das crianças a oportunidade de aprender ofícios úteis e levar um dinheiro para ajudar a família.
- **licitações**: como não existem os critérios do mercado para decidir qual é o melhor prestador de serviço, criam-se comissões de pessoas que vão decidir coisas. isto incentiva os prestadores de serviço que estão concorrendo na licitação a tentar comprar os membros dessas comissões. isto, fora a corrupção, gera problemas reais: __(i)__ a escolha dos serviços acaba sendo a pior possível, já que a empresa prestadora que vence está claramente mais dedicada a comprar comissões do que a fazer um bom trabalho (este problema afeta tantas áreas, desde a construção de estradas até a qualidade da merenda escolar, que é impossível listar aqui); __(ii)__ o processo corruptor acaba, no longo prazo, eliminando as empresas que prestavam e deixando para competir apenas as corruptas, e a qualidade tende a piorar progressivamente.
- **cartéis**: o Estado em geral cria e depois fica refém de vários grupos de interesse. o caso dos taxistas contra o Uber é o que está na moda hoje (e o que mostra como os Estados se comportam da mesma forma no mundo todo).
- **multas**: quando algum indivíduo ou empresa comete uma fraude financeira, ou causa algum dano material involuntário, as vítimas do caso são as pessoas que sofreram o dano ou perderam dinheiro, mas o Estado tem sempre leis que prevêem multas para os responsáveis. A justiça estatal é sempre muito rígida e rápida na aplicação dessas multas, mas relapsa e vaga no que diz respeito à indenização das vítimas. O que em geral acontece é que o Estado aplica uma enorme multa ao responsável pelo mal, retirando deste os recursos que dispunha para indenizar as vítimas, e se retira do caso, deixando estas desamparadas.
- **desapropriação**: o Estado pode pegar qualquer propriedade de qualquer pessoa mediante uma indenização que é necessariamente inferior ao valor da propriedade para o seu presente dono (caso contrário ele a teria vendido voluntariamente).
- **seguro-desemprego**: se há, por exemplo, um prazo mínimo de 1 ano para o sujeito ter direito a receber seguro-desemprego, isto o incentiva a planejar ficar apenas 1 ano em cada emprego (ano este que será sucedido por um período de desemprego remunerado), matando todas as possibilidades de aprendizado ou aquisição de experiência naquela empresa específica ou ascensão hierárquica.
- **previdência**: a previdência social tem todos os defeitos de cálculo do mundo, e não importa muito ela ser uma forma horrível de poupar dinheiro, porque ela tem garantias bizarras de longevidade fornecidas pelo Estado, além de ser compulsória. Isso serve para criar no imaginário geral a idéia da __aposentadoria__, uma época mágica em que todos os dias serão finais de semana. A idéia da aposentadoria influencia o sujeito a não se preocupar em ter um emprego que faça sentido, mas sim em ter um trabalho qualquer, que o permita se aposentar.
- **regulamentação impossível**: milhares de coisas são proibidas, há regulamentações sobre os aspectos mais mínimos de cada empreendimento ou construção ou espaço. se todas essas regulamentações fossem exigidas não haveria condições de produção e todos morreriam. portanto, elas não são exigidas. porém, o Estado, ou um agente individual imbuído do poder estatal pode, se desejar, exigi-las todas de um cidadão inimigo seu. qualquer pessoa pode viver a vida inteira sem cumprir nem 10% das regulamentações estatais, mas viverá também todo esse tempo com medo de se tornar um alvo de sua exigência, num estado de terror psicológico.
- **perversão de critérios**: para muitas coisas sobre as quais a sociedade normalmente chegaria a um valor ou comportamento "razoável" espontaneamente, o Estado dita regras. estas regras muitas vezes não são obrigatórias, são mais "sugestões" ou limites, como o salário mínimo, ou as 44 horas semanais de trabalho. a sociedade, porém, passa a usar esses valores como se fossem o normal. são raras, por exemplo, as ofertas de emprego que fogem à regra das 44h semanais.
- **inflação**: subir os preços é difícil e constrangedor para as empresas, pedir aumento de salário é difícil e constrangedor para o funcionário. a inflação força as pessoas a fazer isso, mas o aumento não é automático, como alguns economistas podem pensar (enquanto alguns outros ficam muito satisfeitos de que esse processo seja demorado e difícil).
- **inflação**: a inflação destrói a capacidade das pessoas de julgar preços entre concorrentes usando a própria memória.
- **inflação**: a inflação destrói os cálculos de lucro/prejuízo das empresas e prejudica enormemente as decisões empresariais que seriam baseadas neles.
- **inflação**: a inflação redistribui a riqueza dos mais pobres e mais afastados do sistema financeiro para os mais ricos, os bancos e as megaempresas.
- **inflação**: a inflação estimula o endividamento e o consumismo.
- **lixo:** ao prover coleta e armazenamento de lixo "grátis para todos" o Estado incentiva a criação de lixo. se tivessem que pagar para que recolhessem o seu lixo, as pessoas (e conseqüentemente as empresas) se empenhariam mais em produzir coisas usando menos plástico, menos embalagens, menos sacolas.
- **leis contra crimes financeiros:** ao criar legislação para dificultar acesso ao sistema financeiro por parte de criminosos a dificuldade e os custos para acesso a esse mesmo sistema pelas pessoas de bem cresce absurdamente, levando a um percentual enorme de gente incapaz de usá-lo, para detrimento de todos -- e no final das contas os grandes criminosos ainda conseguem burlar tudo.

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

I remember reading a while back about how Omega 6 fatty acids found in seed oils (soybean, sunflower, corn, vegetable, etc.) promote inflammation while Omega 3s like the kind found in wild salmon or grass-fed beef reduce it. Of course, both are essential. If you were unable to produce inflammation, then you might bleed to death from a cut, rather than having it clot into a scab.

The problem was the proportion we consume of each has changed drastically over time. Our ancestors apparently had somewhere between 3:1 and 1:1 Omega 6 to Omega 3, while the standard American diet has between 30:1 and 10:1. That’s a lot of excess inflammation.

And it’s no surprise then that most of our modern diseases are inflammatory in nature — diabetes, cancer, auto-immune disease, heart attacks and strokes are all diseases of a body that’s too inflamed, hyper-responsive, over-sugared, clotting internally. Few people die of too little blood sugar anymore, at least in the calorie-abundant West.

. . .

I listened to a Jocko Willink podcast a few years ago wherein he told the story of a soldier who survived years in a Vietnamese prison camp. The takeaway was that while he was ardently optimistic about his ultimate fate, he remained steadfastly agnostic about the particulars. He said the soldiers who were sure they’d be home for Christmas, for example, were always the first to break when Christmas came and went.

The key was to be generally optimistic only. Think of it as the difference between someone who thinks God will help him pick the right lottery numbers vs one who believes whatever happens to him is in his best interests because God only provides exactly what he needs to learn. The latter is probably going to make it, the former not so much. . . .

The phenomenon of hyper-inflammation is not restricted only to the alimentary diet and the physical body. We are overstimulated by information too. In particular, the amount of threatening news we consume from all over the world is far in excess of what we’ve evolved to process. As such, despite being physically more secure than ever before, we’re in a state of chronic mental inflammation. There’s a word for chronic mental inflammation: “anxiety.”

. . .

I used to think I could overcome fears and other negative emotions by imagining the undesirable outcomes in detail and allowing myself to become okay with them. For example, if someone said something negative about me, I thought I could go over the slight repeatedly and in detail and have it not bother me one bit. But I came to realize the thinking of the slight was itself the being bothered by it. I couldn’t both think I had gotten over it and really get over it. I had to choose to think about it and not be over it, or not to think about it and actually get over it. I couldn’t have it both ways.

. . .

Even if you see through the fears endlessly promulgated by legacy institutions: climate change, terrorism, covid, the unvaccinated, Trump, Putin, the insurrectionists!, you are tuned into a new set of anxieties: CBDCs, the WEF, the WHO, GMOs, mRNA mandates, the impending collapse of the financial system. I’ve come to realize lately that even being aware of all the so-called real threats is also mentally inflammatory.

. . .

If being agnostic as to specific positive outcomes was the key to survival in the prison camp, perhaps it follows one should be agnostic as to negative ones too. While it’s easy to see the folly in the poor, tortured soldier clinging to the hope of being home for Christmas, it’s harder to see it in the anxious housewife fretting over the lives for her children in the face of near-certain climate doom. But it’s essentially the same error — being overly certain about the future outcome on which the hope or fear rests.

The alternative is to be on guard generally about threats of ruin, but agnostic about the specifics. It could be a car crash, a heart attack, a nuclear war, financial collapse, virus or dystopian new world order. You can read the signs, but you never really know. What makes the future the future is precisely this quality. You can protect yourself generally by taking care of your health to the best of your ability, putting your finances on solid ground to the greatest extent practicable and, it might turn out, decreasing your exposure to an information diet that leads to chronic inflammation of mind.

. . .

In the information age, there is a fine line between head-in-the-sand denial of real threats and inflammatory paranoia, one the new media (social algorithms) are designed to make ever more difficult to walk. You need the capacity to defend yourself against acute threats, to clot the cut so to speak when they arise, and yet chronic inflammation will kill you if you try to stay on high alert for every potential attack vector.

You have to choose, it seems, between being prepared generally, trusting yourself to face unknowable threats with the best acute response you can muster, and being specifically armed in advance, at the cost of making yourself sick.

There is no guarantee you survive, but that was ever the case, no matter your preparations.

@ d2e97f73:ea9a4d1b

There’s a lot of conversation around the #TwitterFiles. Here’s my take, and thoughts on how to fix the issues identified.

I’ll start with the principles I’ve come to believe…based on everything I’ve learned and experienced through my past actions as a Twitter co-founder and lead:

1. Social media must be resilient to corporate and government control.
2. Only the original author may remove content they produce.
3. Moderation is best implemented by algorithmic choice.

The Twitter when I led it and the Twitter of today do not meet any of these principles. This is my fault alone, as I completely gave up pushing for them when an activist entered our stock in 2020. I no longer had hope of achieving any of it as a public company with no defense mechanisms (lack of dual-class shares being a key one). I planned my exit at that moment knowing I was no longer right for the company.

The biggest mistake I made was continuing to invest in building tools for us to manage the public conversation, versus building tools for the people using Twitter to easily manage it for themselves. This burdened the company with too much power, and opened us to significant outside pressure (such as advertising budgets). I generally think companies have become far too powerful, and that became completely clear to me with our suspension of Trump’s account. As I’ve said before, we did the right thing for the public company business at the time, but the wrong thing for the internet and society. Much more about this here: https://twitter.com/jack/status/1349510769268850690

I continue to believe there was no ill intent or hidden agendas, and everyone acted according to the best information we had at the time. Of course mistakes were made. But if we had focused more on tools for the people using the service rather than tools for us, and moved much faster towards absolute transparency, we probably wouldn’t be in this situation of needing a fresh reset (which I am supportive of). Again, I own all of this and our actions, and all I can do is work to make it right.

Back to the principles. Of course governments want to shape and control the public conversation, and will use every method at their disposal to do so, including the media. And the power a corporation wields to do the same is only growing. It’s critical that the people have tools to resist this, and that those tools are ultimately owned by the people. Allowing a government or a few corporations to own the public conversation is a path towards centralized control.

I’m a strong believer that any content produced by someone for the internet should be permanent until the original author chooses to delete it. It should be always available and addressable. Content takedowns and suspensions should not be possible. Doing so complicates important context, learning, and enforcement of illegal activity. There are significant issues with this stance of course, but starting with this principle will allow for far better solutions than we have today. The internet is trending towards a world were storage is “free” and infinite, which places all the actual value on how to discover and see content.

Which brings me to the last principle: moderation. I don’t believe a centralized system can do content moderation globally. It can only be done through ranking and relevance algorithms, the more localized the better. But instead of a company or government building and controlling these solely, people should be able to build and choose from algorithms that best match their criteria, or not have to use any at all. A “follow” action should always deliver every bit of content from the corresponding account, and the algorithms should be able to comb through everything else through a relevance lens that an individual determines. There’s a default “G-rated” algorithm, and then there’s everything else one can imagine.

The only way I know of to truly live up to these 3 principles is a free and open protocol for social media, that is not owned by a single company or group of companies, and is resilient to corporate and government influence. The problem today is that we have companies who own both the protocol and discovery of content. Which ultimately puts one person in charge of what’s available and seen, or not. This is by definition a single point of failure, no matter how great the person, and over time will fracture the public conversation, and may lead to more control by governments and corporations around the world.

I believe many companies can build a phenomenal business off an open protocol. For proof, look at both the web and email. The biggest problem with these models however is that the discovery mechanisms are far too proprietary and fixed instead of open or extendable. Companies can build many profitable services that complement rather than lock down how we access this massive collection of conversation. There is no need to own or host it themselves.

Many of you won’t trust this solution just because it’s me stating it. I get it, but that’s exactly the point. Trusting any one individual with this comes with compromises, not to mention being way too heavy a burden for the individual. It has to be something akin to what bitcoin has shown to be possible. If you want proof of this, get out of the US and European bubble of the bitcoin price fluctuations and learn how real people are using it for censorship resistance in Africa and Central/South America.

I do still wish for Twitter, and every company, to become uncomfortably transparent in all their actions, and I wish I forced more of that years ago. I do believe absolute transparency builds trust. As for the files, I wish they were released Wikileaks-style, with many more eyes and interpretations to consider. And along with that, commitments of transparency for present and future actions. I’m hopeful all of this will happen. There’s nothing to hide…only a lot to learn from. The current attacks on my former colleagues could be dangerous and doesn’t solve anything. If you want to blame, direct it at me and my actions, or lack thereof.

As far as the free and open social media protocol goes, there are many competing projects: @bluesky is one with the AT Protocol, nostr another, Mastodon yet another, Matrix yet another…and there will be many more. One will have a chance at becoming a standard like HTTP or SMTP. This isn’t about a “decentralized Twitter.” This is a focused and urgent push for a foundational core technology standard to make social media a native part of the internet. I believe this is critical both to Twitter’s future, and the public conversation’s ability to truly serve the people, which helps hold governments and corporations accountable. And hopefully makes it all a lot more fun and informative again.

💸🛠️🌐 To accelerate open internet and protocol work, I’m going to open a new category of #startsmall grants: “open internet development.” It will start with a focus of giving cash and equity grants to engineering teams working on social media and private communication protocols, bitcoin, and a web-only mobile OS. I’ll make some grants next week, starting with $1mm/yr to Signal. Please let me know other great candidates for this money.

@ 0b963191:fc5e7ffd

Chef's notes

Can of course substitute in beef for the lamb.

In terms of canned peas, always prefer La Sueur

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: 30 min
• 🍳 Cook time: 1 hour
• 🍽️ Servings: 4

Ingredients

• Potatoes:
• 1 ½ pounds potatoes (Russet)
• ½ cup half-and-half
• 2 ounces unsalted butter
• ¾ teaspoon kosher salt
• ¼ teaspoon black pepper
• 1 egg yolk
• Meat Filling:
• 2 tablespoons canola oil
• 1 cup chopped white onion
• 3 carrots, peeled and diced
• 1 ½ pounds ground lamb
• 1 teaspoon kosher salt
• ½ teaspoon black pepper
• 3 tablespoons flour
• 3-4 teaspoons tomato paste
• 1 cup chicken broth
• 3 teaspoons Worcestershire sauce
• 2-3 teaspoons chopped rosemary leaves (fresh)
• 1-2 teaspoons chopped thyme leaves (fresh)
• ¾ cup corn kernels
• ¾ cup peas

Directions

1. Potatoes:
2. Peel and dice potatoes.
3. Place in a pot and cover in cold water.
4. Bring to a boil.
5. Lower fire to simmer and cook for 15-20 minutes.
6. Heat butter and half-and-half for 30-40 seconds in the microwave.
7. Drain potatoes and put back into the pot.
8. Mash potatoes and add half-and-half, butter, salt, pepper.
9. Continue mashing until smooth and stir in yolk until combined.
10. Preheat the oven to 400 degrees.
11. Filling:
12. Heat canola oil in a 10-12 inch pan over high heat.
13. Add onions and carrots and saute over medium-high heat for 4-5 minutes.
14. Add garlic and combine for 30 seconds.
15. Add Lamb, salt, and pepper and cook until browned.
16. Sprinkle flour and stir to coat lamb and cook for 1-2 minutes.
17. Add Tomato paste, chicken broth, Worcestershire sauce, rosemary, thyme. Stir and bring to a boil.
18. Reduce heat to low, cover, and simmer for 12-15 minutes while sauce thickens.
19. Oven:
20. Add meat filling to baking dish.
21. Add peas and corn and stir in evenly
22. Spread mashed potatoes using a rubber spatula. start at the corners and make sure to seal around the edges.
23. Bake for 25 minutes
24. Remove from the oven and let sit for 15-20 minutes.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

bitcoind decentralization

It is better to have multiple curator teams, with different vetting processes and release schedules for bitcoind than a single one.

"More eyes on code", "Contribute to Core", "Everybody should audit the code".

All these points repeated again and again fell to Earth on the day it was discovered that Bitcoin Core developers merged a variable name change from "blacklist" to "blocklist" without even discussing or acknowledging the fact that that innocent pull request opened by a sybil account was a social attack.

After a big lot of people manifested their dissatisfaction with that event on Twitter and on GitHub, most Core developers simply ignored everybody's concerns or even personally attacked people who were complaining.

The event has shown that:

1) Bitcoin Core ultimately rests on the hands of a couple maintainers and they decide what goes on the GitHub repository[^pr-merged-very-quickly] and the binary releases that will be downloaded by thousands; 2) Bitcoin Core is susceptible to social attacks; 2) "More eyes on code" don't matter, as these extra eyes can be ignored and dismissed.

Solution: bitcoind decentralization

If usage was spread across 10 different bitcoind flavors, the network would be much more resistant to social attacks to a single team.

This has nothing to do with the question on if it is better to have multiple different Bitcoin node implementations or not, because here we're basically talking about the same software.

Multiple teams, each with their own release process, their own logo, some subtle changes, or perhaps no changes at all, just a different name for their bitcoind flavor, and that's it.

Every day or week or month or year, each flavor merges all changes from Bitcoin Core on their own fork. If there's anything suspicious or too leftist (or perhaps too rightist, in case there's a leftist bitcoind flavor), maybe they will spot it and not merge.

This way we keep the best of both worlds: all software development, bugfixes, improvements goes on Bitcoin Core, other flavors just copy. If there's some non-consensus change whose efficacy is debatable, one of the flavors will merge on their fork and test, and later others -- including Core -- can copy that too. Plus, we get resistant to attacks: in case there is an attack on Bitcoin Core, only 10% of the network would be compromised. the other flavors would be safe.

Run Bitcoin Knots

The first example of a bitcoind software that follows Bitcoin Core closely, adds some small changes, but has an independent vetting and release process is Bitcoin Knots, maintained by the incorruptible Luke DashJr.

Next time you decide to run bitcoind, run Bitcoin Knots instead and contribute to bitcoind decentralization!

---

See also:

• How to attack Bitcoin, Anthony Towns' take

[^pr-merged-very-quickly]: See PR 20624, for example, a very complicated change that could be introducing bugs or be a deliberate attack, merged in 3 days without time for discussion.

@ 3c984938:2ec11289

This is a part of my sporadic work on the Legend Series. I had a hard time finding good images. The images Ai often gave out made the islanders that look like Indians with the feather crowns, so that was interesting. The ending of this one is kinda funny.

The island was inhabited long ago by the ancient people (called Taotaomona). They were much larger than a regular person today. They also had magic, albeit little. The men were blessed with size and strength, while the women were gifted with wisdom and just a touch of magic in their hair.

One day, in the Hagatna bay. A group of fishermen noticed it their bay had grew. It was beyond confusing, to say the least. Another group of fishermen noticed that their bay, pago, also grew on the opposite side of the island.

"If this continues, our island will be cut into two pieces," cried the islanders. A wise leader came up with an idea to protect the island. The fishermen would watch their own bays from their own bays.

^^Huge fish, but you can also see the Taotaomona are also big.

The next morning, a fisherman spotted a massive fish in Pago Bay. The giant fish swam in and started to nibble the shoreline. The fisherman ducks behind boulders to observe and passes the message to his clan leader.

The leaders came together and came a conclusion that they must kill the fish. They sent runners to Hagatna Bay to ask for help to save their island home. Soon, Pago Bay was surrounded by canoes and men. All of them diligently watching to prevent their land from being eaten away, both in and out of the reef. Regardless of how hard they searched or waited, the fish didn't show. After awhile they give up and returned home.

^^Fish nibbling under the island from down under.

The news spread throughout the island about their imminent doom from clan to clan. They felt powerless to do anything.

The women of the island wore long, flowing locks and were proud to wash their hair in the river spring. The juices of lemons were used to enhance the magic. The peels were thrown into the spring after they were finished.

The maidens threw away the lemon peels into Hagatna Spring, but now they were popping up in Pago Bay. Which can only mean the peels were passing through the island, how did that happen? It could only mean the fish was nibbling under the island. A maiden cried out, discovering this new information, "We're surely doomed." Another maiden came forward and said, "Maybe we can outsmart the fish." The fish will be lured into swimming to Hagatna spring and set up a trap. The women came together to gather to trim their precious hair and wove it into a net. The net grew large enough to spread out in every direction of the bay. Each maiden held onto the edges and spread out to sing, waiting for the fish by the spring.

^^This is not an accurate representation, as the ancient people did not wear clothes. And they cut their hair to make the net.

Their song carried under the island, and the soothing sound carried underwater to the giant fishes lair. Little by little, it slowly swam closer to listen to the maiden's song. They sang and sang until they came up with new songs. The massive fish swam closer and emerges from the water. The maiden jumped into the spring surrounding it with their net to capture it. Their net didn't give way no matter how much the fish struggled. It was a success.

One maiden immediately ran to Hagatna to tell the others they had captured the giant fish and that the island was saved.

Everyone rushed to the spring to see the freshly caught fish and were overjoyed. The maidens were celebrated for saving the island when men's strength did not. Everyone ate the fish! Happy time!

Historical Context:

Here you can see the distance of how far the lemon peels traveled under the island. And the shape of the bay. Legends are always fun to explore of how something came to be.

---

Hello Dear Reader! I hope you enjoy my content? I am curious to hear your thoughts. Do you like what you see?

I'll be grateful for your feedback. Please feel free to leave a comment. Thank you

@ 82341f88:fbfbe6a2

There’s a lot of conversation around the #TwitterFiles. Here’s my take, and thoughts on how to fix the issues identified.

I’ll start with the principles I’ve come to believe…based on everything I’ve learned and experienced through my past actions as a Twitter co-founder and lead:

1. Social media must be resilient to corporate and government control.
2. Only the original author may remove content they produce.
3. Moderation is best implemented by algorithmic choice.

The Twitter when I led it and the Twitter of today do not meet any of these principles. This is my fault alone, as I completely gave up pushing for them when an activist entered our stock in 2020. I no longer had hope of achieving any of it as a public company with no defense mechanisms (lack of dual-class shares being a key one). I planned my exit at that moment knowing I was no longer right for the company.

The biggest mistake I made was continuing to invest in building tools for us to manage the public conversation, versus building tools for the people using Twitter to easily manage it for themselves. This burdened the company with too much power, and opened us to significant outside pressure (such as advertising budgets). I generally think companies have become far too powerful, and that became completely clear to me with our suspension of Trump’s account. As I’ve said before, we did the right thing for the public company business at the time, but the wrong thing for the internet and society. Much more about this here: https://twitter.com/jack/status/1349510769268850690

I continue to believe there was no ill intent or hidden agendas, and everyone acted according to the best information we had at the time. Of course mistakes were made. But if we had focused more on tools for the people using the service rather than tools for us, and moved much faster towards absolute transparency, we probably wouldn’t be in this situation of needing a fresh reset (which I am supportive of). Again, I own all of this and our actions, and all I can do is work to make it right.

Back to the principles. Of course governments want to shape and control the public conversation, and will use every method at their disposal to do so, including the media. And the power a corporation wields to do the same is only growing. It’s critical that the people have tools to resist this, and that those tools are ultimately owned by the people. Allowing a government or a few corporations to own the public conversation is a path towards centralized control.

I’m a strong believer that any content produced by someone for the internet should be permanent until the original author chooses to delete it. It should be always available and addressable. Content takedowns and suspensions should not be possible. Doing so complicates important context, learning, and enforcement of illegal activity. There are significant issues with this stance of course, but starting with this principle will allow for far better solutions than we have today. The internet is trending towards a world were storage is “free” and infinite, which places all the actual value on how to discover and see content.

Which brings me to the last principle: moderation. I don’t believe a centralized system can do content moderation globally. It can only be done through ranking and relevance algorithms, the more localized the better. But instead of a company or government building and controlling these solely, people should be able to build and choose from algorithms that best match their criteria, or not have to use any at all. A “follow” action should always deliver every bit of content from the corresponding account, and the algorithms should be able to comb through everything else through a relevance lens that an individual determines. There’s a default “G-rated” algorithm, and then there’s everything else one can imagine.

The only way I know of to truly live up to these 3 principles is a free and open protocol for social media, that is not owned by a single company or group of companies, and is resilient to corporate and government influence. The problem today is that we have companies who own both the protocol and discovery of content. Which ultimately puts one person in charge of what’s available and seen, or not. This is by definition a single point of failure, no matter how great the person, and over time will fracture the public conversation, and may lead to more control by governments and corporations around the world.

I believe many companies can build a phenomenal business off an open protocol. For proof, look at both the web and email. The biggest problem with these models however is that the discovery mechanisms are far too proprietary and fixed instead of open or extendable. Companies can build many profitable services that complement rather than lock down how we access this massive collection of conversation. There is no need to own or host it themselves.

Many of you won’t trust this solution just because it’s me stating it. I get it, but that’s exactly the point. Trusting any one individual with this comes with compromises, not to mention being way too heavy a burden for the individual. It has to be something akin to what bitcoin has shown to be possible. If you want proof of this, get out of the US and European bubble of the bitcoin price fluctuations and learn how real people are using it for censorship resistance in Africa and Central/South America.

I do still wish for Twitter, and every company, to become uncomfortably transparent in all their actions, and I wish I forced more of that years ago. I do believe absolute transparency builds trust. As for the files, I wish they were released Wikileaks-style, with many more eyes and interpretations to consider. And along with that, commitments of transparency for present and future actions. I’m hopeful all of this will happen. There’s nothing to hide…only a lot to learn from. The current attacks on my former colleagues could be dangerous and doesn’t solve anything. If you want to blame, direct it at me and my actions, or lack thereof.

As far as the free and open social media protocol goes, there are many competing projects: @bluesky is one with the AT Protocol, nostr another, Mastodon yet another, Matrix yet another…and there will be many more. One will have a chance at becoming a standard like HTTP or SMTP. This isn’t about a “decentralized Twitter.” This is a focused and urgent push for a foundational core technology standard to make social media a native part of the internet. I believe this is critical both to Twitter’s future, and the public conversation’s ability to truly serve the people, which helps hold governments and corporations accountable. And hopefully makes it all a lot more fun and informative again.

💸🛠️🌐 To accelerate open internet and protocol work, I’m going to open a new category of #startsmall grants: “open internet development.” It will start with a focus of giving cash and equity grants to engineering teams working on social media and private communication protocols, bitcoin, and a web-only mobile OS. I’ll make some grants next week, starting with $1mm/yr to Signal. Please let me know other great candidates for this money.

@ 76c71aae:3e29cafa

Why are there 5.5 million people with Bluesky accounts and about 800k to 1.3M on Nostr?

Some of it boils down to social dynamics and chance. It's akin to how immigrants often cluster in the same neighborhoods. Most people are simply following their communities, and their primary decision is driven by where their community is heading.

Why did the communities choose Bluesky over Nostr, Mastodon, Farcaster, or the several dozen centralized and decentralized alternatives?

That’s a more pertinent question. Firstly, very few people actually make these decisions, and most simply follow them. Secondly, the choices aren't primarily based on the technology or the features of the apps or protocols.

Bluesky had certain advantages and disadvantages. It received a fair amount of press as a Twitter spinoff. However, it was late to launch, only preceded by Threads, which had Meta’s platforms for promotion.

In terms of initial marketing, I’d say Bluesky and Nostr were about equal, both often pitched as a ‘Jack Dorsey thing’, which wasn’t true in either case. The press loves stories about people and drama over networks and systems. Social media is vast and complex, and its technology even more so, which is why it’s often presented through personalized narratives about the creators.

Under the hood, Bluesky’s atproto and Nostr are very similar technologically. Both were inspired by Secure Scuttlebutt. Bluesky has adopted a cathedral model of open source, akin to how Android is open source but controlled by Google. Meanwhile, Nostr developed under the bazaar model of open source, created by a community rather than a company.

This company model gives Bluesky some advantages; for instance, they could launch with an invite list, a classic tactic to make something feel more desirable. Even then, most Bluesky users haven’t posted a single thing, and when they had a million registered users, they had fewer than 1500 Daily Active Users (DAU) see bluesky stats.

Bluesky is a lot easier to try than Nostr. The ways keys and content signing work in Bluesky and Nostr are overwhelmingly similar, except that Nostr doesn’t tell you where to store your keys and in Bluesky, you put them on your PDS server, which Bluesky provided free by default for all new users.

This means for Nostr, you have to figure out what to do with your nsec and npub, then how to get a nip-05 for a Nostr name which makes sense. If you want to log in with a username and password, you need to find and set up a nip-46 service. Not all apps support that, so you’re copying and pasting around an nsec. If you want to use a web app, you need to go find and choose one of several browser extensions and set that up. This is easy and natural for folks with experience in crypto but really foreign for everyone else.

Maybe a million people have figured out how to get started on Nostr; it’s definitely possible. And some apps like Primal and Nos have integrated name services as part of the signup, which makes it cleaner.

Once you’re on Nostr, people often discuss zaps, a functionality that may not work as expected. You’ve got to learn how to set up a wallet, what lightning and Bitcoin are. Some get really into it, we’ve seen folks get into Bitcoin through Nostr, but for many, it’s a confusing hurdle.

Bluesky provides a neat way to get into a single default app and gives you a username. Sure, you can change it—I self-host my DID at rabble.nz—but apparently less than 1% of Bluesky users do that, just like most Nostr users have chosen to use a cloud service for their nip-05 Nostr name.

Why else has Bluesky grown bigger than Nostr? It's their approach to positioning the protocol. They’ve set up default moderation controls and a trust and safety team. Initially, they didn’t have these, and when users demanded action and the company refused, growth stalled and usage dropped last July. The Bluesky team didn’t post for about a month, and there was a real question about whether Bluesky would survive.

The user community wanted pretty heavy-handed moderation. The Bluesky team was committed to building a decentralized protocol that didn’t do that. The compromise was that Bluesky would be slow about opening up open federation over atproto until the Bluesky apps, protocol, and company-hosted services could have a trust and safety team and a moderation bot. Their moderation bot is fancier than @reportinator, but it’s the same idea, but with a bigger team of humans reviewing reports. And if you’re using the Bluesky-provided PDS, there’s no way to block or unfollow their default moderation bot. We don’t make everybody on Nostr follow nostr:npub14h23jzlyvumks4rvrz6ktk36dxfyru8qdf679k7q8uvxv0gm0vnsyqe2sh .

That compromise worked for the community and company, and the user base started growing again. The negative press about Bluesky's content ceased and those upset by the policies left, some migrating to Nostr. Bluesky was able to position itself as the socially responsible social media protocol that was easy to use. Jack deleted his Bluesky account, signaling to the world and press what we already knew: he is much more interested in Nostr’s approach to bottom-up development by community and support for lightning payments.

During this period, Nostr's growth really stalled. There are a few reasons for this. We'd saturated the community of folks who both love Bitcoin and dislike Elon enough to leave Twitter. Additionally, our new user experience pushed people to view a global feed dominated by a single topic of conversation.

Nostr has positioned itself strongly as a protocol for those who are freedom-loving, anti-censorship Bitcoin enthusiasts. The easiest Nostr client for new users, Primal, markets itself as a Bitcoin wallet first, and only secondarily as a social media app. People view Nostr as a Web3 project. We’ve had individuals visit the Nos.social website and decline involvement, saying they dislike Web3 because they perceive it as a planet-harming scam (let's not argue the carbon emissions of mining here). We never mention Web3 or any cryptocurrency elements on the Nos website, yet all decentralization has been associated with dubious schemes.

As Nostr’s growth has stalled, the ecosystem has matured and flourished. Nostr boasts technology and apps that other platforms envy. I often hear Bluesky and Fediverse developers express admiration for the cool things Nostr is doing with technology and apps, but since their communities don’t use it, they don’t either.

Just look at the articles my posts last week about Nostr vs. ActivityPub kicked off: Extending ActivityPub and Nomadic Identity is Coming to ActivityPub

I suspect what’s holding back Nostr is twofold. First, how we talk about Nostr. We discuss it in political and ideological terms—we're against censorship, for free speech, value-for-value, etc.—but not about the types of content and people on Nostr, how to find your friends, or the interesting stuff you followed elsewhere. Nor do we talk about how you can use all these cool apps with the same identity and content. It's a hard concept to grasp, and I find myself constantly having to explain it.

The biggest issue people see with Nostr is its perceived association with Bitcoin enthusiasts plus those who’ve been deplatformed elsewhere, often for contentious reasons. I’m not saying the deplatforming was justified, but the perception among those unfamiliar with arbitrary bans and sanctions on platforms is that those who've been deplatformed had it coming—that they were all conspiracy theorists, bigots, or harassers. Some were, some were not, but it's perceived that way by many.

The way we talk about Nostr and onboard new users doesn’t help. The goal of the creator and journalism projects we just launched was to both diversify the content on Nostr for new users and to demonstrate to those creators and journalists that micropayments and paid content on Nostr are viable alternatives/additions to how they publish on social media elsewhere. It is value-for-value without the label, because our theory is that people want the functionality but aren't so keen on the cultural ideology.

This is all solvable. We can: - Make it easier to set up a nip-05 for new users. - Ensure that nip-05 also functions as an nsec bunker for easy login, if users desire. - Add Webfinger files so your nip-05 name functions as a Fediverse name (it’s pretty easy to do; we're experimenting with it on nos.social). - Show users a variety of content types when they join. - Help users find communities, perhaps encouraging groups/channels the way Farcaster does. - Make it easy to find and choose moderation settings, offering more middleware services like Reportinator but with different content labeling ideas. - Change our marketing to attract these new users, focusing on what they can see and who they can connect with, less on Bitcoin, technology, or evading censorship. - Develop apps that offer new functionalities, drawing people in instead of being mere clones with or without certain features.

It always takes a long time for people to figure out what the native mediums are on a technology platform. Initially people would make a phone call to listen to a concert, the first radio stations had people just reading the newspaper, and the first tv broadcasts were either a camera pointed at radio announcers or a single camera shot of a play. People always do the same things, we're the same humans that evolved a couple hundred thousand years ago, same brains, same bodies. What's changed is the way we do things with technology, so what fundamental human thing can we do new and different now that we've got these social protocols and tech?

Addressing the app design and technology will help, but actual growth will come when people discover us, join, find connections, and genuinely want to invite others to join them. Nostr users are incredibly welcoming to new users. However, we also have a subset of users who engage in sexist, racist, and homophobic harassment. This harassment drives people away from Nostr and deters them from recommending it to others. If we don't provide better tools for users to protect themselves from this harassment, they'll leave and find social spaces where they feel safe. Some might abandon public social media altogether, or just switch to Bluesky, which promises to eventually open up their network and has just announced support for uploading images, coming soon.

We're way ahead of the other protocols in some areas and way behind in others. We've got enough momentum and users to figure this out, but we're not there yet.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Drivechain

Understanding Drivechain requires a shift from the paradigm most bitcoiners are used to. It is not about "trustlessness" or "mathematical certainty", but game theory and incentives. (Well, Bitcoin in general is also that, but people prefer to ignore it and focus on some illusion of trustlessness provided by mathematics.)

Here we will describe the basic mechanism (simple) and incentives (complex) of "hashrate escrow" and how it enables a 2-way peg between the mainchain (Bitcoin) and various sidechains.

The full concept of "Drivechain" also involves blind merged mining (i.e., the sidechains mine themselves by publishing their block hashes to the mainchain without the miners having to run the sidechain software), but this is much easier to understand and can be accomplished either by the BIP-301 mechanism or by the Spacechains mechanism.

How does hashrate escrow work from the point of view of Bitcoin?

A new address type is created. Anything that goes in that is locked and can only be spent if all miners agree on the Withdrawal Transaction (WT^) that will spend it for 6 months. There is one of these special addresses for each sidechain.

To gather miners' agreement bitcoind keeps track of the "score" of all transactions that could possibly spend from that address. On every block mined, for each sidechain, the miner can use a portion of their coinbase to either increase the score of one WT^ by 1 while decreasing the score of all others by 1; or they can decrease the score of all WT^s by 1; or they can do nothing.

Once a transaction has gotten a score high enough, it is published and funds are effectively transferred from the sidechain to the withdrawing users.

If a timeout of 6 months passes and the score doesn't meet the threshold, that WT^ is discarded.

What does the above procedure mean?

It means that people can transfer coins from the mainchain to a sidechain by depositing to the special address. Then they can withdraw from the sidechain by making a special withdraw transaction in the sidechain.

The special transaction somehow freezes funds in the sidechain while a transaction that aggregates all withdrawals into a single mainchain WT^, which is then submitted to the mainchain miners so they can start voting on it and finally after some months it is published.

Now the crucial part: the validity of the WT^ is not verified by the Bitcoin mainchain rules, i.e., if Bob has requested a withdraw from the sidechain to his mainchain address, but someone publishes a wrong WT^ that instead takes Bob's funds and sends them to Alice's main address there is no way the mainchain will know that. What determines the "validity" of the WT^ is the miner vote score and only that. It is the job of miners to vote correctly -- and for that they may want to run the sidechain node in SPV mode so they can attest for the existence of a reference to the WT^ transaction in the sidechain blockchain (which then ensures it is ok) or do these checks by some other means.

What? 6 months to get my money back?

Yes. But no, in practice anyone who wants their money back will be able to use an atomic swap, submarine swap or other similar service to transfer funds from the sidechain to the mainchain and vice-versa. The long delayed withdraw costs would be incurred by few liquidity providers that would gain some small profit from it.

Why bother with this at all?

Drivechains solve many different problems:

It enables experimentation and new use cases for Bitcoin

Issued assets, fully private transactions, stateful blockchain contracts, turing-completeness, decentralized games, some "DeFi" aspects, prediction markets, futarchy, decentralized and yet meaningful human-readable names, big blocks with a ton of normal transactions on them, a chain optimized only for Lighting-style networks to be built on top of it.

These are some ideas that may have merit to them, but were never actually tried because they couldn't be tried with real Bitcoin or inferfacing with real bitcoins. They were either relegated to the shitcoin territory or to custodial solutions like Liquid or RSK that may have failed to gain network effect because of that.

It solves conflicts and infighting

Some people want fully private transactions in a UTXO model, others want "accounts" they can tie to their name and build reputation on top; some people want simple multisig solutions, others want complex code that reads a ton of variables; some people want to put all the transactions on a global chain in batches every 10 minutes, others want off-chain instant transactions backed by funds previously locked in channels; some want to spend, others want to just hold; some want to use blockchain technology to solve all the problems in the world, others just want to solve money.

With Drivechain-based sidechains all these groups can be happy simultaneously and don't fight. Meanwhile they will all be using the same money and contributing to each other's ecosystem even unwillingly, it's also easy and free for them to change their group affiliation later, which reduces cognitive dissonance.

It solves "scaling"

Multiple chains like the ones described above would certainly do a lot to accomodate many more transactions that the current Bitcoin chain can. One could have special Lightning Network chains, but even just big block chains or big-block-mimblewimble chains or whatnot could probably do a good job. Or even something less cool like 200 independent chains just like Bitcoin is today, no extra features (and you can call it "sharding"), just that would already multiply the current total capacity by 200.

Use your imagination.

It solves the blockchain security budget issue

The calculation is simple: you imagine what security budget is reasonable for each block in a world without block subsidy and divide that for the amount of bytes you can fit in a single block: that is the price to be paid in satoshis per byte. In reasonable estimative, the price necessary for every Bitcoin transaction goes to very large amounts, such that not only any day-to-day transaction has insanely prohibitive costs, but also Lightning channel opens and closes are impracticable.

So without a solution like Drivechain you'll be left with only one alternative: pushing Bitcoin usage to trusted services like Liquid and RSK or custodial Lightning wallets. With Drivechain, though, there could be thousands of transactions happening in sidechains and being all aggregated into a sidechain block that would then pay a very large fee to be published (via blind merged mining) to the mainchain. Bitcoin security guaranteed.

It keeps Bitcoin decentralized

Once we have sidechains to accomodate the normal transactions, the mainchain functionality can be reduced to be only a "hub" for the sidechains' comings and goings, and then the maximum block size for the mainchain can be reduced to, say, 100kb, which would make running a full node very very easy.

Can miners steal?

Yes. If a group of coordinated miners are able to secure the majority of the hashpower and keep their coordination for 6 months, they can publish a WT^ that takes the money from the sidechains and pays to themselves.

Will miners steal?

No, because the incentives are such that they won't.

Although it may look at first that stealing is an obvious strategy for miners as it is free money, there are many costs involved:

1. The cost of ceasing blind-merged mining returns -- as stealing will kill a sidechain, all the fees from it that miners would be expected to earn for the next years are gone;
2. The cost of Bitcoin price going down: If a steal is successful that will mean Drivechains are not safe, therefore Bitcoin is less useful, and miner credibility will also be hurt, which are likely to cause the Bitcoin price to go down, which in turn may kill the miners' businesses and savings;
3. The cost of coordination -- assuming miners are just normal businesses, they just want to do their work and get paid, but stealing from a Drivechain will require coordination with other miners to conduct an immoral act in a way that has many pitfalls and is likely to be broken over the months;
4. The cost of miners leaving your mining pool: when we talked about "miners" above we were actually talking about mining pools operators, so they must also consider the risk of miners migrating from their mining pool to others as they begin the process of stealing;
5. The cost of community goodwill -- when participating in a steal operation, a miner will suffer a ton of backlash from the community. Even if the attempt fails at the end, the fact that it was attempted will contribute to growing concerns over exaggerated miners power over the Bitcoin ecosystem, which may end up causing the community to agree on a hard-fork to change the mining algorithm in the future, or to do something to increase participation of more entities in the mining process (such as development or cheapment of new ASICs), which have a chance of decreasing the profits of current miners.

Another point to take in consideration is that one may be inclined to think a newly-created sidechain or a sidechain with relatively low usage may be more easily stolen from, since the blind merged mining returns from it (point 1 above) are going to be small -- but the fact is also that a sidechain with small usage will also have less money to be stolen from, and since the other costs besides 1 are less elastic at the end it will not be worth stealing from these too.

All of the above consideration are valid only if miners are stealing from good sidechains. If there is a sidechain that is doing things wrong, scamming people, not being used at all, or is full of bugs, for example, that will be perceived as a bad sidechain, and then miners can and will safely steal from it and kill it, which will be perceived as a good thing by everybody.

What do we do if miners steal?

Paul Sztorc has suggested in the past that a user-activated soft-fork could prevent miners from stealing, i.e., most Bitcoin users and nodes issue a rule similar to this one to invalidate the inclusion of a faulty WT^ and thus cause any miner that includes it in a block to be relegated to their own Bitcoin fork that other nodes won't accept.

This suggestion has made people think Drivechain is a sidechain solution backed by user-actived soft-forks for safety, which is very far from the truth. Drivechains must not and will not rely on this kind of soft-fork, although they are possible, as the coordination costs are too high and no one should ever expect these things to happen.

If even with all the incentives against them (see above) miners do still steal from a good sidechain that will mean the failure of the Drivechain experiment. It will very likely also mean the failure of the Bitcoin experiment too, as it will be proven that miners can coordinate to act maliciously over a prolonged period of time regardless of economic and social incentives, meaning they are probably in it just for attacking Bitcoin, backed by nation-states or something else, and therefore no Bitcoin transaction in the mainchain is to be expected to be safe ever again.

Why use this and not a full-blown trustless and open sidechain technology?

Because it is impossible.

If you ever heard someone saying "just use a sidechain", "do this in a sidechain" or anything like that, be aware that these people are either talking about "federated" sidechains (i.e., funds are kept in custody by a group of entities) or they are talking about Drivechain, or they are disillusioned and think it is possible to do sidechains in any other manner.

No, I mean a trustless 2-way peg with correctness of the withdrawals verified by the Bitcoin protocol!

That is not possible unless Bitcoin verifies all transactions that happen in all the sidechains, which would be akin to drastically increasing the blocksize and expanding the Bitcoin rules in tons of ways, i.e., a terrible idea that no one wants.

What about the Blockstream sidechains whitepaper?

Yes, that was a way to do it. The Drivechain hashrate escrow is a conceptually simpler way to achieve the same thing with improved incentives, less junk in the chain, more safety.

Isn't the hashrate escrow a very complex soft-fork?

Yes, but it is much simpler than SegWit. And, unlike SegWit, it doesn't force anything on users, i.e., it isn't a mandatory blocksize increase.

Why should we expect miners to care enough to participate in the voting mechanism?

Because it's in their own self-interest to do it, and it costs very little. Today over half of the miners mine RSK. It's not blind merged mining, it's a very convoluted process that requires them to run a RSK full node. For the Drivechain sidechains, an SPV node would be enough, or maybe just getting data from a block explorer API, so much much simpler.

What if I still don't like Drivechain even after reading this?

That is the entire point! You don't have to like it or use it as long as you're fine with other people using it. The hashrate escrow special addresses will not impact you at all, validation cost is minimal, and you get the benefit of people who want to use Drivechain migrating to their own sidechains and freeing up space for you in the mainchain. See also the point above about infighting.

See also

• Podcast episode with Ruben Somsen and Aaron van Wirdum explaining Drivechain
• Alternatives to Drivechain
• Drivechain comparison with Ethereum

@ b2d670de:907f9d4a

This is a list of nostr clients exposed as onion services. The list is currently actively maintained on GitHub. Contributions is always appreciated!

| Client name | Onion URL | Source code URL | Admin | Description | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Snort | http://agzj5a4be3kgp6yurijk4q7pm2yh4a5nphdg4zozk365yirf7ahuctyd.onion | https://git.v0l.io/Kieran/snort | njump | N/A | | Nostrudel | http://a2zmtsslt7g7v5shssufp4uuh7wvr7betxglxf4fbtcxpejrvr7qmwid.onion | https://github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel | njump | N/A | | Nostrudel Next | http://pzfw4uteha62iwkzm3lycabk4pbtcr67cg5ymp5i3xwrpt3t24m6tzad.onion | https://github.com/hzrd149/nostrudel | njump | Nostrudel Next is the beta version of Nostrudel |

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

A violência é uma forma de comunicação

A violência é uma forma de comunicação: um serial killer, um pai que bate no filho, uma briga de torcidas, uma sessão de tortura, uma guerra, um assassinato passional, uma briga de bar. Em todos esses se pode enxergar uma mensagem que está tentando ser transmitida, que não foi compreendida pelo outro lado, que não pôde ser expressa, e, quando o transmissor da mensagem sentiu que não podia ser totalmente compreendido em palavras, usou essa outra forma de comunicação.

Quando uma ofensa em um bar descamba para uma briga, por exemplo, o que há é claramente uma tentativa de uma ofensa maior ainda pelo lado do que iniciou a primeira, a briga não teria acontecido se ele a tivesse conseguido expressar em palavras tão claras que toda a audiência de bêbados compreendesse, o que estaria além dos limites da linguagem, naquele caso, o soco com o mão direita foi mais eficiente. Poderia ser também a defesa argumentativa: "eu não sou um covarde como você está dizendo" -- mas o bar não acreditaria nessa frase solta, a comunicação não teria obtido o sucesso desejado.

A explicação para o fato da redução da violência à medida em que houve progresso da civilização está na melhora da eficiência da comunicação humana: a escrita, o refinamento da expressão lingüística, o aumento do alcance da palavra falada com rádio, a televisão e a internet.

Se essa eficiência diminuir, porque não há mais acordo quanto ao significado das palavras, porque as pessoas não estão nem aí para se o que escrevem é bom ou não, ou porque são incapazes de compreender qualquer coisa, deve aumentar proporcionalmente a violência.

@ 3c984938:2ec11289

https://image.nostr.build/bd90349f0d27124b0932e55baaa298d94ea9a7b655334092c11728f321914059.jpg

Hafa Adai Bitcoiners, Nostr is really amazing. Have you ever ate so much food at a buffet? Did you try all the different types of cake, how could you settle on just one? when there's so many. Each with different favors, frosting and textures. Ugh, now I want cake.

Habla Pac-Man

After departing from the OS green forest where Flycat lives, I must have taken a wrong turn because the forest instantly got darker with each and every step. After some time has passed my eyes started to adjust and now it started to glow. I saw the most yellow fellow. He was being hunted! He ate some kinda fruit, and you can see the ghost 👻 starting to running away.

https://image.nostr.build/cdcce1dcb2da7c4bc4bcc4ff26b45ad7afc76300c59f66bc55e005c035aab94e.jpg

what was it that powered him up? Stories and Content! It was dark and hard to see, as I venture deeper. I almost wanted to turn back. It turns out fiat thugs were hunting him! Thanks to users that voice their stories Habla Pac-Man is empowered. Feel free to report on important issues that matter - have your voice be heard even in the shadows. Habla Pac-man is on your side in the darkest part of the Publishing Forest to be your guiding light!

https://image.nostr.build/ea9625c2279c7a02fd1d42a218594de0d79fcd258ab35b6665e43a02b53cf7e4.jpg

Habla.news is wonderfully open source, so write on! Beware, ICANN still lurks in these shadowed woods. FYI, his original color is white, he just appears yellow at night because of the woods. Blue for meal time. 😂 This hamster is very happy to see mainstream media content getting eaten by users like you and me. As long as we write, Habla will be well fed.

Highlighter

Ever stumble on something by accident? I spotted something emitting light in the distance, as I continue to dive deeper into the Publishing Forest. Oh Look, an almighty highlighter! So any text I want to stand out, I can save it like a digital note on the side and publish it as a note on Nostr. Highlighter.com is content central! Some content creators have significant insight into certain topics and create alpha content. Instead of using third party services like Medium, Substack, and WordPress etc where you're not getting much credit for your content, they now can use this new powerful tool. Will you use this tool dear user? Whatever will you create?

https://image.nostr.build/b70011965aa3c6bfdbfaca404005d5522081c5f0390d324a1f1e1a9b2be69943.jpg

I held onto the highlighter, and I begin to feel powered! With this tool, Content creators can monetize their content! What a wonderful tool! Prehaps, I should start utilizing this? Whatcha think? Would you support a writer like me for 1,000 sats/quarterly?

https://image.nostr.build/4386899dc0fd455b340f0fd433d5a2bf2c865e6030c55dfbba53cbd192bb133d.jpg

It should be noted that highlighter.com is still new, and in development at the time of this publishing. I can't wait until it unveils all it's features. It does work and is usable but it's still in development. I'll wait.

https://image.nostr.build/04f92b7847fc6c5d7dce6a1152a1a4e5fe8613a0a6995801e1b942f1fe1ba97e.jpg

I'm taking this with me! I'm so happy that I can easily use "Identity by encryption" via Nostr. Just stupendous! It makes me wonder, how could this have not existed for so long? This is freedom, owning your content and not being forced to agree to share its revenue to evil corporate thugs because of "Terms and Conditions" that only care about their platform and not a user like me. I'm taking back my power, will you?

https://image.nostr.build/d3450fcf2eb9998d1150f5b7d1d261b9eb7547e9504a18f66f9dd4efe5107f57.png

The Blogstack.io curse on me

Some words about blogstack.io, the entire reason I joined Nostr was when I watched a tutorial video about Nostr as I was trying to learn. The youtuber was explaining it and used blogstack.io as an examples. I was sold within those 3 seconds of seeing blogstack.io and lost interest about blah blah Nostr is this and that. Those 3 seconds motivated me more to use Nostr then the whole 7min tutorial. So, I excitedly downloaded the app(Amethyst), made an account only to be disappointed or cursed that still plagues me today-- to not be able to use blogstack.io for some reason. I've always wanted to start my own blog but hated the idea of medium. I could go to blogstack.io, but I couldn't interact with it. This was my first experience. So the app sat on my phone for like 2 weeks. A friend of mine got a nostr account and told me to follow him, that's when it pique my interest again. One thing led to another, then another. Before I knew it, I had fallen into the rabbit hole. It is a wonderland of its own. I wish for you dear user to have a better first time experience then I did. And I hope you enjoy this content. If blogstack.io works for you- go for it, but I can't judge it's platform because 404 eludes me.

The Shipyard Pub

My journey is at it's end in the Publishing Forest and into a shipyard of sailboats. ⛵ So, I guess it's time for me to sail away! Get it? Time? The sailboats have a schedule for when they head in and out of port. So if you want to schedule a note for example, now, 4 hours, or a day+ out you can do so by using Shipyard. There's no need to feel a constant need to log on to keep publishing a note(or reposting) to stay relevant. Simply, write a note, and put a time when you want your note to be seen so you can capitalize on all time zones. Quite useful tool. If you've visit my profile page, I launched a time series of hamsters recently. I used shipyard to schedule them. Very nice feature.

https://image.nostr.build/6c0ce64194cb48c17cca219018d67fb1c5b852518fb6b72ce2087c05e6d181ce.jpg

Okay, Time for this #Hamstr to Sail away to the next adventure. Wherever will I go, is yet to be seen. Follow as I journey to find Knights of Nostr.

https://image.nostr.build/b841250eec60d41872fd61faadc027da38b32b63c5fe5c08f1b8a07ddb1342a3.jpg

I know in my heart they're out there, so let's find them! Often unseen, unappreciated and not loved for their code/software that sets us free. Together, we can change hearts, and minds but we need privacy of Identity or we'll all be punished for having a mind. ICANN Plagues the internet. Recently, Samurai Wallet was taken down because of mixing services. The Need for Identity by encryption and websites to move off ICANN's jurisdictional websites to IPFS is evermore important to adopt freedom. Yes, that means we need a Github Nostr style. So developers are never criminalized for restoring financial privacy, and speech to users. All of these platforms are Psyphers to be used against anti-reconnaissance. So speak freely!

Send some love to these specular devs that are helping to shape Nostr.

👉💋💋Kisu for OpenSource

💋💋Pablof7z💋 @npub1l2vyh47mk2p0qlsku7hg0vn29faehy9hy34ygaclpn66ukqp3afqutajft

💋💋 Verbiricha💋 @npub107jk7htfv243u0x5ynn43scq9wrxtaasmrwwa8lfu2ydwag6cx2quqncxg

Get your NIP-23 (Long-Form-Content) Here, or get it over there, you're bound to get it from somewhere. Until Next time! Wish me smooth sailing? I'll be adopting njump.me style as of this article.

with 🧡 Onigirl

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Problemas com Russell Kirk

A idéia central da “política da prudência[^1]” de Russell Kirk me parece muito correta, embora tenha sido melhor formulada pior no seu enorme livro do que em uma pequena frase do joanadarquista Lucas Souza: “o conservadorismo é importante, porque tem muita gente com idéia errada por aí, e nós podemos não saber distingüi-las”.

Porém, há alguns problemas que precisam ser esclarecidos, ou melhor explicados, e que me impedem de enxergar os seus argumentos como refutação final do meu já tão humilde (embora feroz) anarquismo. São eles:

I Percebo alguma coisa errada, não sei bem onde, entre a afirmação de que toda ideologia é ruim, ou “todas as ideologias causam confusão[^2]”, e a proposta conservadora de “conservar o mundo da ordem que herdamos, ainda que em estado imperfeito, de nossos ancestrais[^3]”. Ora, sem precisar cair em exemplos como o do partido conservador inglês -- que conservava a política inglesa sempre onde estava, e se alternava no governo com o partido trabalhista, que a levava cada vez mais um pouco à esquerda --, está embutida nessa frase, talvez, a idéia, que ao mesmo tempo é clara e ferrenhamente combatida pelos próprios conservadores, de que a história é da humanidade é uma história de progresso linear rumo a uma situação melhor.

Querer conservar o mundo da ordem que herdamos significa conservar também os vários erros que podem ter sido cometidos pelos nossos ancestrais mais recentes, e conservá-los mesmo assim, acusando toda e qualquer tentativa de propôr soluções a esses erros de ideologia? Ou será que conservar o mundo da ordem é escolher um período determinado que seja tido como o auge da história humana e tentar restaurá-lo em nosso próprio tempo? Não seria isto ideologia?

Ou, ainda, será que conservar o mundo da ordem é selecionar, entre vários períodos do passado, alguns pedaços que o conservador considerar ótimos em cada sociedade, fazer dali uma mistura de sociedade ideal baseada no passado e então tentar implementá-la? Quem saberia dizer quais são as partes certas?

II Sobre a questão do que mantém a sociedade civil coesa, Russell Kirk, opondo-a à posição libertária de que o nexo da sociedade é o autointeresse, declara que a posição conservadora é a de que “a sociedade é uma comunidade de almas, que une os mortos, os vivos e os ainda não nascidos, e que se harmoniza por aquilo que Aristóteles chamou de amizade e os cristãos chamam de caridade ou amor ao próximo”.

Esta é uma posição muito correta, mas me parece estar em contradição com a defesa do Estado que ele faz na mesma página e na seguinte. O que me parece errado é que a sociedade não pode ser, ao mesmo tempo, uma “comunidade baseada no amor ao próximo” e uma comunidade que “requer não somente que as paixões dos indivíduos sejam subjugadas, mas que, mesmo no povo e no corpo social, bem como nos indivíduos, as inclinações dos homens, amiúde, devam ser frustradas, a vontade controlada e as paixões subjugadas” e, pior, que “isso somente pode ser feito por um poder exterior”.

Disto aí podemos tirar que, da mesma forma que Kirk define a posição libertária como sendo a de que o autointeresse é que mantém a sociedade civil coesa, a posição conservadora seria então a de que essa coesão vem apenas do Estado, e não de qualquer ligação entre vivos e mortos, ou do amor ao próximo. Já que, sem o Estado, diz, ele, citando Thomas Hobbes, a condição do homem é “solitária, pobre, sórdida, embrutecida e curta”?

[^1]: este é o nome do livro e também um outro nome que ele dá para o próprio conservadorismo (p.99). [^2]: p. 101 [^3]: p. 102

@ 266815e0:6cd408a5

NOTE: this is just a quick technical guide. sorry for the lack of details

Install NodeJS

Download it from the official website https://nodejs.org/en/download

Or use nvm https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm?tab=readme-ov-file#install--update-script

bash wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash nvm install 20

Clone example config.yml

bash wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hzrd149/blossom-server/master/config.example.yml -O config.yml

Modify config.yml

```bash nano config.yml

or if your that type of person

vim config.yml ```

Run blossom-server

```bash npx blossom-server-ts

or install it locally and run using npm

npm install blossom-server-ts ./node_modules/.bin/blossom-server-ts ```

Now you can open http://localhost:3000 and see your blossom server

And if you set the dashboard.enabled option in the config.yml you can open http://localhost:3000/admin to see the admin dashboard

@ fa984bd7:58018f52

I like climbing, coding and bitcoin. (in that order)

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

A command line utility to create and manage personal graphs, then write them to dot and make images with graphviz.

It manages a bunch of YAML files, one for each entity in the graph. Each file lists the incoming and outgoing links it has (could have listen only the outgoing, now that I'm tihnking about it).

Each run of the tool lets you select from existing nodes or add new ones to generate a single link type from one to one, one to many, many to one or many to many -- then updates the YAML files accordingly.

It also includes a command that generates graphs with graphviz, and it can accept a template file that lets you customize the dot that is generated and thus the graphviz graph.

rel

• https://github.com/fiatjaf/rel

@ 7308f407:94057dcf

Chef's notes

https://youtu.be/t0CBKwPIOLk?si=rLP0-9aDx0PNbumM

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: Prep Time for Birria Beans
• 🍳 Cook time: Initial Boiling
• 🍽️ Servings: The serving size for the Birria Beans recipe depends on the quantity of beans and broth used. Given the ingredients listed, this recipe typically serves approximately 8-10 people+.

Ingredients

• 12 cups broth from birria (previous recipe)
• 1/2 onion
• 4 jalapeños or serrano peppers
• Water
• Salt to taste
• Beef from birria (optional)

Directions

1. Wash the beans and let them soak for 30 minutes.
2. In a large pot, add all the ingredients above.
3. Set the heat to high and allow the mixture to come to a boil. Let it boil for 10 minutes.
4. Reduce the heat to medium-low and cook for about 2 to 3 hours until the beans become soft.
5. -To check the consistency of the beans, remove one from the pot to a plate. Using a fork, poke through to cut it in half. This method will help you easily tell if they are soft. You can also taste the beans.
6. -If they are not soft yet, continue to cook for another 30 minutes.
7. Every 30 minutes to 1 hour, check the beans to ensure they have enough water to cover them. They will dry out if the water level drops below the beans.
8. You can also add beef from birria into the beans for added flavor.
9. Enjoy the savory and slightly spicy flavor of the pinto beans cooked in red birria broth, topped off with cilantro, onion, and lime.

@ 6ad08392:ea301584

How Nostr fixes reviews, ratings & recommendations

The team and I have been working on something..

We stumbled on it by accident when we set out to build a digital directory for Bitcoin circular economies that our AI models could reference. It’s funny how things work sometimes. You’re digging for one thing, and on the way, you find something unexpected and far more significant. I believe that what we discovered opens the door to one of the most powerful and under-discussed use cases for Nostr. This essay and the next few will explore what we’re doing in greater detail.

I can’t wait to welcome you to Satlantis!

Reviewing Reviews

Reviews & recommendations are fundamentally broken, despite being the key driver for buying behavior and decisions worldwide, particularly online:

1. 89% of users read online reviews before buying the product
2. 93% of users have made buying decisions based on an online review
3. Only 9% of consumers would consider engaging with a business that had a 1- or 2-star average rating

They’ve been infected with the same disease that digital advertising has. They are mostly fake, easily gamed, censorable and generally irrelevant to the person reading them.

This needs to change, and for the first time in the history of the web, there’s a way to fix this. I’m going to explain how the platform we’re building; Satlantis, will leverage this new Internet stack to do it, but before I do that, I’d like to walk you through the problem in a little more detail.

An ocean of reviews

There are 1bn reviews on TripAdvisor for venues, merchants and vendors around the world. TrustPilot has almost 200m reviews of online websites, products and services. Glassdoor says they have 2,334,000 unique reviews of businesses by employees. Uber and AirBnB are literally booking platforms that run on reviews. Amazon has a few billion(?) product reviews (unable to find a total number) and Google, who is by far the largest online repository of online business reviews in the world, has well into the billions.

In fact — think about what the entire influencer marketing industry is itself? Literally a market for reviews and recommendations.

This is a huge part of the internet, whose existence is driven by the psychological human need for external validation. And it’s never going to change. Anyone who has worked in sales and marketing understands this. This is why, in the absence of a better alternative, MORE people are flocking to these broken review platforms to try and either find or create signal in the noise:

• Consumer use of Google to evaluate local businesses leaped from 63% in 2020 to 81% in 2021.

Pointless junk everywhere

Despite the clear need for, and growing popularity of reviews, the frameworks they operate on are fundamentally broken. This results in a few big problems:

1. Irrelevance. The reviews we read are mostly irrelevant. What does a 45yr old soccer-mom’s opinion about a restaurant have to do with me and my preferences?
2. Fake. Reviews are now mostly fake. In a recent study, 50% of consumers said they were confident they’ve seen a fake review on Google. Another study that looked at 33.5 million reviews for best selling products on Amazon found that almost 43% were fake.
3. Easily Gamed. Beyond just fake reviews is the ability to game the system. There is an entire cottage industry of “reputation agencies” whose entire business model is to create the illusion of quality where there is none.
4. Censorable. Review platforms are centralized services whose incentives are often in conflict with the truth. It’s not an easy problem to solve, because sometimes the public is your client, but sometimes so too is the business. Google and TripAdvisor are notorious for the deletion of reviews. In fact, there are now even services to help businesses “remove bad reviews”. See this provider in Germany, who charges $29/mth for the service

So..how to fix all of this?

It’s no small task. But the seeds of the solution have been sown. Let’s begin by looking at what the internet is, and why it has become the basic substrate for cyberspace.

The Internet Stack

The Internet is a thing of beauty. It connected humanity like no other technology or phenomenon before it. The possibilities it opened up are almost endless, despite being handicapped since inception because it emerged before we had true digital money and identity.

Right now, the internet stack looks something like this:

The Link layer is responsible for the physical and logical link between devices. Think Ethernet, Wi-Fi and PPP. The IP layer routes packets across network boundaries, making it possible for data to reach its destination regardless of the path it takes.

The Transport/TCP layer is responsible for delivering data between devices over the network. The Application Layer, think HTTP, FTP, SMTP is where end-user protocols operate.

Together, they form the foundation upon which the applications, platforms and sites which make up the “Internet” are built. This includes all of the sites and platforms we use on a daily basis, and that much of the modern world depends on.

Notice how the first four layers, which make everything possible, are a series of standards, or protocols. Online products, services and applications might have their own internal standards, but they all leverage the protocols which make up the core internet stack.

Why was the internet successful?

Despite the handicap I mentioned earlier, the internet has still been wildly successful. Why? Precisely because it was a stack of protocols, and NOT a company, a platform or a service.

What made it special is that nobody “owned” it.

AOL failed because it was a complex, managed, corporate information superhighway, with all the bells and whistles. They learned the hard way that no amount of market data or corporate experience and foresight can predict what a new communication modality would become. Just as free markets always trump centrally governed ones, open networks are exactly where all the innovation goes.

The internet assumed NOTHING and it won because it had the basic, robust, open building blocks upon which all the innovation actually occurred. The same thing has happened with Bitcoin over the last 15 years and is now starting to happen with Nostr.

And it’s right on time, because the gateways to the internet have centralized to such a degree that the very topography of the web is changing. Access to this open bazaar is being threatened because the applications who were once gateways, have started to become gatekeepers.

To fix this, and to fundamentally fix the internet, we need to upgrade the Internet stack and establish a new suite of superior products, services and applications that compete on value, not on gatekeeper economics.

The upgraded internet stack

The upgraded Internet Stack retains everything that was good about the existing internet, and solves for the handicaps by incorporating two new protocols.

1. Global protocol for Money: Bitcoin.

Until Bitcoin, money on the internet has been more of an application. In fact, because of the nature of fiat, all you have is third parties whom you authorize to convey information about intrinsically offline money. This is why companies like PayPal and Stripe have been so successful.

Still, despite their success, value transmission has been muffled because of the differential in settlement speed, the credit nature of fiat and political constraints of the money issuer. Now for the first time, money and value can travel as fast as information, and by embedding it into the core internet stack, we can unlock a truly open, global grand bazaar.

2. Global protocol for Identity & social: Nostr

Digital identity has also remained elusive. Similar to money on the internet, identity has thus far existed as an application. It’s not yours, but a service you use. A database entry on Facebook’s servers, or Google’s or Amazon’s servers, which you probably used to log into some app today.

This works, and is fine…until, it doesn’t work and it’s no longer fine. Which is where we find ourselves today. We’ve realized that we don’t actually own our accounts, we can be deplatformed at any time, our entire social graph can vanish, and we certainly cannot bring it with us from one walled garden to another.

Nostr changes all that, by pushing identity from the application layer, down into the protocol layer. In fact, it goes a step further by also making the social graph itself portable. This opens up a whole new design space for future applications. Together, these new innovations create a UPGRADED Internet Stack that looks like more this:

1. Link Layer (Physical)
2. Internet Layer (IP)
3. Transmission Layer (TCP)
4. Process / Resource Layer (HTTP)
5. Monetary Layer (BTC)
6. Identity Layer (NOSTR)
7. CLIENTS / APPS / PLATFORMS / SITES

The Opportunity: New Clients & Apps

This is where it gets interesting, and is precisely where the next big opportunities exist.

The upgraded Internet stack makes it possible for a whole new suite of applications to leverage a range of primitives that previously did not exist, or were only possible inside of a walled garden!

Think of it this way: If you upgrade the building materials, the kinds of structures you can build are also upgraded.

The existing internet stack is like wood. It can be used to build beautiful things, but they can only be structurally sound to a certain size. The new Internet stack is like steel. We can now build superstructures that were just not possible before.

But note that THIS IS NOT A FAT PROTOCOL THESIS!

Steel, bricks, glass, wood, stone — these are all building blocks and commodities. The real value is in the builders, the architect, the engineers and the designers. It’s what they DO with the building blocks that matter — and that is precisely where the economic and business value will accrue.

In the same way, value will NOT accrue to the protocol because It’s not supposed to — protocols are more of a commodity. The money is and should be made by those who leverage the protocols for end-user products, apps & services. (Bitcoin as a protocol is a unique exception because it’s money and actually measures all the value in the world).

A whole new world of applications awaits, that leverage the power of the internet, the portability of a social graph, webs of trust and interest, and direct global, permissionless monetisation. These applications will be able to do things the old Internet 2.0 applications could never do.

This is where the next breakthrough, Zero to One moments, will happen. The next major unicorns will leverage THIS stack.

Where does AI fit in?

AI enhances applications. Simple. It doesn’t even get its own spot in the stack. Smart businesses will embrace and embed machine learning/AI where necessary — and they will unlock incredible amounts of value — but they will use it as another building block, not a core focus.

This is our new mantra. I am so bullish on the opportunity to fix this problem, that I’ve actually decided to shift the core focus of our entire business in this direction. AI will remain a central part of what we’re doing, but we are no longer purely an “AI” company. It is just another part of our DNA, like the internet, Bitcoin and Nostr are.

How this Solves Reviews

Ok Svetski — this is cool and all & I know about the internet — so what the hell does this have to do with fixing online reviews ?

Simple. The addition of identity, and subsequently a social graph into the protocol layers of the internet, changes the topography of the web. New applications can leverage an open protocol to make the user experience more relevant, by using their web of trust and interest graph.

Think about it this way. I want to go to Dubai, and pick a restaurant to eat at. When I look at the reviews, I should see those from my direct or indirect social circle first! In fact, the closer the reviewer is to me (both in terms of social graph/relevance and interest graph) then the more their rating should influence the overall rating of the venue I see!

In other words; scores, ratings and reviews can and should be dynamic, across the entire web.

Your definition of a 5 star venue is different to mine, and in fact, if you and I share very little in common and have different values or beliefs, your 5-star might just be my 1-star. This topography solves both for relevance and for the bot-farms skewing overall scores.

Do not underestimate the gravity of this.

For the first time ever, reviews, ratings and recommendations can be influenced by my social graph, thereby making them not only more real, but more relevant and useful. In fact, there doesn’t even need to be a single, canonical presentation. What you see has the potential to be dynamic based on what you’re interested in, in that moment. This has implications beyond just reviews, but also the nature of advertising (which I will write about in a subsequent essay, as it’s another problem I’d like to solve with Satlantis).

Beyond just the social graph, reviews can be further validated and strengthened with the integration of a monetary protocol. Instead of just “liking” a review, you can tip (zap) it. A review your friend has “zapped” should probably have more influence on the venue rating YOU SEE, than some random rating or review done by someone not connected to you. This exhibits real economic preference and cuts right through spam and fake reviews.

Together, the social graph & incentives transform the very nature of reviews, and therefore the way the Internet will work.

A Killer App?

Here’s a little thought experiment to help you visualize what I’m talking about: Imagine if you could somehow discover what to do in a city, where to stay, places to visit and which communities to connect with, based on:

• The travel posts & places you bookmarked on Instagram & X
• The Whatsapp and Telegram groups you’ve joined & engage with the most
• The reviews on Trip Advisor & Google you got the most value from
• The Facebook groups you’re not only a part of, but interact with most
• The places you’ve stayed on Booking.com, and have loved
• The restaurants and merchants you and your friends have reviewed
• The meetups and events you’ve attended on Meetup.com & Eventbrite
• The travel & nomad accounts you follow across your different social media accounts

This is obviously impossible today, without some mega-surveillance corp to track it all. But…with Nostr, it’s actually possible, for the first time — in a privacy and sovereignty preserving way.

Soon, you will be able to log into an app connected to your social graph, then you follow the cities you’re interested in and watch as the things most relevant and important to you magically surface thanks to your web of trust and activity on the Nostr network.

This is precisely what we are building at Satlantis.

No more reading through a hundred pointless reviews from soccer mom’s on Trip Advisor or fake reviews on Google Maps. No more joining 10 different whatsapp, telegram or facebook groups to find a community. No more endless google searches and scanning through all your bookmarks on Instagram & Twitter to put them all into just another spreadsheet.

Just one home..for nomading, travel, living and lifestyle.

Satlantis

Travel, living & lifestyle is a $2T a year industry with real money being spent, every minute, of every day, of every year — and at the heart of every buying decision live ratings, reviews and recommendations.

Trip Advisor might be a “travel site” on the surface, but its core value proposition is the 1 billion ratings. This is their unique selling point, and what drives traffic to them.

AirBnB & Booking.com help you book a place to stay, but are driven by ratings — both official and community driven. The same goes for Uber, Amazon, and for that matter, every product, service or experience out there. They are all driven by reviews and ratings.

If we can take this core building block, alongside the fact that nomading, travel and lifestyle are social experiences that happen in the real world — we can build something novel.

People are stuck today trying to do logistics, reviews, comparisons and bookings on non-social apps (TripAdvisor, NomadList, Booking.com, Google) while trying to curate and present the social side on generalist social media (Instagram, X, YouTube).

Imagine instead, we leverage this new stack to build a location-centric hub combining the social and community elements of Instagram & Facebook, the travel and reviews element of TripAdvisor, the directory element of NomadList and the events element of Meetup.com.

Like a homepage for the city, where you can find people, communities, events, merchants, jobs, stats, meetups, accommodation, useful apps, travel and living guides, and of course, reviews and recommendations. Something like this doesn’t exist today.

People are craving a way to connect in real life, and while we have multiple social networks for different use cases: aesthetics (Instagram), the public square (X), friends (Facebook), addictive videos (TikTok), what we are lacking is something that ties digital and physical space.

The whole point of Satlantis is to build a framework for communities that bridges these, with your social graph at the heart of it. By leveraging the web of trust to fix reviews, we can build something fresh in one of the largest industries on the planet: travel / living & lifestyle.

Web of Trust meets Web of Interest

To do what we want to do, we must piggyback off the success of a protocol. There’s no other way to compete with the giant walled gardens. When Google, Netflix and Facebook were tiny, they outcompeted their predecessors not by building on a closed intranet or “information superhighway” built by Microsoft or the telcos. They bet on the open Internet stack, and alongside it, they grew.

The same opportunity now exists, and is happening, with Nostr, and we’re not the only ones who’ve noticed. People are using this portable social graph to reimagine ecommerce, influencer marketing, blogging, the public square and much more. The future is a whole host of new clients and applications that reimagine how the web is used.

We’ve already seen the first of their kind with the rise of Primal, Highlighter, Damus and the like. They combine an interoperable social graph with real preferences and value transfer (zaps).

It’s still early days but Nostr’s advantage is that every app built on it, adds to its overall network effects — much like the early internet. We will make a dent in our corner of the universe, which will be felt by every other corner — together making the entire Nostr network and broader Internet stack better, more relevant and more open.

The future of travel and lifestyle, and the reviews which influence it, is dynamic and relevant. Everything will be influenced by what you like, who you follow, what you find meaningful, your economic preferences and ultimately, by who you are. This dynamic approach to reviews is the foundation of an entirely new kind of travel and lifestyle platform that will obsolete the Tripadvisors of the world.

Something like this is only possible when the rules of the game have changed. When there is a new set of ingredients to use. This is what the new Internet stack provides, and we intend to take full advantage, while everybody else is sleeping on it.

The team and I look forward to welcoming you into Satantis!

Aleksandar Svetski

CEO & Co-Founder

Satlantis

@ 7308f407:94057dcf

Chef's notes

This recipe is from a YouTube video that my mom sent to me because she wanted to try it. I made the recipe for my family once, and it was a success. We made Birria bowls, Birria nachos, Quesatacos (crispy tacos filled with cheese, birria, cilantro, onion and Salsa Macha.) I have been using this recipe for the last three years.

The YouTube title is "BIRRIA ESTILO TIJUANA en la birriería 'EL HOMMIE'". https://youtu.be/zAn8iM8dR14?si=gdYKBPyqyX13bwyo

Details

• ⏲️ Prep time: The prep time for the recipe involves several steps, including preparing the vegetables, roasting and preparing the chiles, blending the ingredients, and straining the sauce. Here's a rough estimate of the prep time: Preparing vegetables and chiles (cutting, roasting, and removing seeds): 15 minutes Blending and straining the sauce: 10 minutes Mixing ingredients and initial setup for cooking the meat: 10-15 minutes Overall, the estimated prep time is now approximately 35-40 minutes.
• 🍳 Cook time: The cooking time for the recipe involves several steps: Boiling the sauce: 20 minutes Cooking the meat in the broth: 4-8 hours (The cooking time for the meat in the broth depends on how small or big you cut the meat before cooking.) Additional steps such as cooking down the fat (if using for Quesatacos): 20 minutes Overall, the estimated cooking time is approximately 4 hours and 40 minutes to 8 hours and 40 minutes.
• 🍽️ Servings: This recipe typically serves approximately 8-10 people +, depending on how much meat each person eats or how many tacos you make.

Ingredients

• 24 Guajillo chiles
• 17 Pasilla chiles
• 1 large onion
• Water (to boil dry chiles)
• 5 cloves
• 2 bay leaves
• 3 tablespoons salt
• 5 garlic cloves
• Salt to taste
• Ingredients for Cooking Birria:
• 1/2 bunch cilantro
• 10 tablespoons dried oregano
• 2 teaspoons dried thyme
• 1 + 1/2 tablespoons ground black pepper
• 2 tablespoons ground cumin
• 6 cups water
• Adobo sauce (from dry chiles listed above)

Directions

1. Adobo Sauce Preparation:
2. To prepare the vegetables for the Adobo sauce, cut the tomatoes into halves. Next, cut the white onion into quarters.
3. Remove the stem and seeds from the dried peppers. Roast the ancho and guajillo chiles for a couple of seconds on each side.
4. In a medium/large pot, turn the heat to medium. Add water, chiles, onion, tomatoes, five garlic cloves, five cloves, and two bay leaves along with three tablespoons of salt.
5. As some of the vegetables and spices boil, blend the ingredients from the pot. Once combined, add them back to the pot and merge the next batch.
6. Remove the bay leaves to prevent them from blending into the sauce.
7. Once all ingredients are blended, boil the sauce for 20 minutes, removing the foam that rises to the surface. Cooking the sauce down allows the tomatoes to break down and develop a great taste with the spices.
8. After the sauce is finished cooking, use a large bowl and metal strainer to strain the sauce, removing the pepper seeds and any remnants of the tomato.
9. Meat Preparation:
10. In a large pot, add the meat along with 1/2 bunch of cilantro, ten tablespoons of dried oregano, two teaspoons of dried thyme, 1 1/2 teaspoons of ground black pepper, two tablespoons of ground cumin, six cups of water, and the Adobo sauce you previously made.
11. Mix all ingredients in the pot to ensure the Adobo sauce is evenly dispersed.
12. Cook on high heat until it begins to boil. Once boiling, stir the ingredients, cover with a lid, and set to the lowest heat setting on the stove. Cook for about 4-8 hours with the lid on.
13. After the cooking time, verify that the meat is tender by using a fork to cut through. If the meat is not tender enough, add more time to cook on low.
14. If the meat is to your desired consistency, remove it to another bowl. Allow the meat to cool down if you are shredding it by hand. If not, keep it aside to add back to the pot once the broth is strained. You can also chop the meat using a knife to break it down into smaller pieces.
15. Remove the cilantro and discard it along with any other unwanted parts from the broth.
16. Remove the fat from the broth into a bowl and keep it aside if you would like to use it for Quesatacos.
17. If using the fat from the broth, cook it down on medium heat for about 20 minutes. This breaks down the fat from a solid to a liquid. After cooking, strain the fat to separate the solids from the liquid.
18. Strain all sauce using a metal strainer.
19. Leave some sauce on the side if you are making beans with the broth (about 12 cups).
20. Once the broth is strained, add the meat back into the pot.
21. Ready to serve with meat in its broth, as Quesatacos, or however you would like to enjoy the Birria.

@ fa984bd7:58018f52

I'm happy to announce the release of NDK 2.8 which comes with a plethora of new performance improvements, threading capabilities and many many other things.

TL;DR: - Optimistic signature-verification - Threaded signature-verification - Threads, threads, threads! s/o nostr:npub1dergggklka99wwrs92yz8wdjs952h2ux2ha2ed598ngwu9w7a6fsh9xzpc
- Dexie cache adapter becomes massively more efficient

Onwards 🫡

Performance boost

Optimistic signature-verification

NDK can now be configured to perform signature verification of events asynchronously. This means that events are assumed to be valid and pushed to a queue.

When an invalid signature is received, a global event is emitted for the application to handle accordingly (i.e. alert the user, disconnect from the evil relay, etc)

Web Worker Signature Verification

Signature verification can be offloaded to a web worker (meaning that it runs on it's own thread) with the workers/sig-verification that comes with NDK. Other web workers can be implemented and hooked to NDK.

Dexie Cache Adapter Improvements

This cache adapter now works mostly as an LRU in-memory cache; while using IndexDB mostly just as a persistence storage.

Threading

nostr:npub1dergggklka99wwrs92yz8wdjs952h2ux2ha2ed598ngwu9w7a6fsh9xzpc has paved the way to show how broken thread rendering is in nostr multiple-times. This release includes a bunch of helper functions that should make proper thread rendering incredibly obvious.

When fetching events, these functions can be used to make sense of what's the right ordering, what are replies, what is part of the main thread, etc.

The main entry point to these threading utility functions is eventThreads, which can be provided a set of fetched events and will return, in order, the events that belong to the thread. All other events can be rendered as replies.

There are many more very useful functions along with it that can be found on src/threads. Examples of how to use these can be found on the open sourced Highlighter codebase.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

GraphQL vs REST

Today I saw this: https://github.com/stickfigure/blog/wiki/How-to-(and-how-not-to)-design-REST-APIs

And it reminded me why GraphQL is so much better.

It has also reminded me why HTTP is so confusing and awful as a protocol, especially as a protocol for structured data APIs, with all its status codes and headers and bodies and querystrings and content-types -- but let's not talk about that for now.

People complain about GraphQL being great for frontend developers and bad for backend developers, but I don't know who are these people that apparently love reading guides like the one above of how to properly construct ad-hoc path routers, decide how to properly build the JSON, what to include and in which circumstance, what status codes and headers to use, all without having any idea of what the frontend or the API consumer will want to do with their data.

It is a much less stressful environment that one in which we can just actually perform the task and fit the data in a preexistent schema with types and a structure that we don't have to decide again and again while anticipating with very incomplete knowledge the usage of an extraneous person -- i.e., an environment with GraphQL, or something like GraphQL.

By the way, I know there are some people that say that these HTTP JSON APIs are not the real REST, but that is irrelevant for now.

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

Why GitCitadel is primarily self-funded

This week has been full of discussion about the various pros and cons of what I've previously described as the "patronage funding model", including a formalized version called "grants":

This is the current common business model. A creator (artist, developer, writer, etc.) receives grants or donations that are more or less attached to conditions. -- The Zap Economy

We at GitCitadel have been questioned repeatedly, as to why we have not applied for a grant, when we are putting so much time and effort into the Nostr ecosystem. I would, therefore, like to explain the logic we have used to make this decision:

We are a package deal

We aren't merely a product team, we're a project team. That means that we aren't building a product, we're building an entire line (or suite) of products, and the corporate and technical infrastructure to support them.

Those products will be marketed under our own brand, built upon our own tech stack, and managed by our own team. We're used to doing this sort of thing for our various employers, so we haven't seen much benefit in looking outside of our team to acquire such things. Applying for formal grants would undermine this strategy, as we would be expected to tie into the grant-giver's own brand, stack, and team.

We have external income sources

We have made the point, to anyone interested in joining, that our project cannot and will not provide a source of income large enough to replace anyone's current source. At least, not yet. We are receiving donations and will eventually have a pricing model, but this project is our labor of love, not a get-rich-quick scheme. More a go-broke-slowly scheme, if anything.

We see this as a feature, rather than a bug, as it means our personal financial well-being is not immediately tied to our project work, and is therefore more secure, stable, and independent. This allows us the ability to ruminate, take time discussing architecture, and make more grandiose plans. It also allows us to discuss funding models, amongst ourselves or with a wider audience, while remaining calm.

Not everyone is in the same financial position and not everyone wants to split their attention, in such a manner, and we respect that. We also respect the right of every project member to decide differently, for themselves, and to apply for grants in their own name.

We're enjoying "L'expérience FOSS"

This is our first, major, open-source, software project. This is our chance to do something different, to be edgy, to build something for ourselves, to try out new technologies and strategies, to found a company and design a brand, to tinker and scheme... To boldly go where no team has gone before!

But, seriously. We're having fun. We're friends. We're enjoying the ride. We wouldn't enjoy the ride as much, if we were driving someone else's car.

We want to prove that it can be done

One of the things we found disturbing about the Nostr ecosystem is the pervasive pressure individual developers are under to apply for grants and labor full-time on Nostr products. It can feel quite rebellious, to simply tinker on evenings, weekends, or holidays.

It isn't rebellious.

It is a perfectly normal and acceptable way to contribute to a growing technological ecosystem, and we want to help re-normalize it. The emotional pressure to deliver new features at a rapid pace is exciting, but onerous, can lead to developers burning out and eventually moving on, and is the main cause of the frequent low quality of the existing software and the plethora of abandoned repos. This is the landscape that grants sometimes build.

We are here to show that "steady, stable, secure, supported, sturdy" sounds dull and a bit slow, but it can also be a winning development style, if the team chooses it deliberately and plans accordingly and cultivates a team environment that makes "code and chill together" a long-term motivator. We think the Nostr ecosystem is ready to accept a team with this style, and it's a style that advanced grants simply aren't designed to support because grant-givers have to account for the money spent within a reasonable time.

We want to support independent funding models

As with all things, talk is cheap. We are all persons eager to establish independent funding models because we want Nostr to help create a free market of sovereign individuals, at the global scale. We think this is a particular "good work" that Nostr is in a prime position to define, but it won't happen, if nobody actually does it, or if only a few do it and and are perceived as greedy oddballs. There needs be a lot of people doing it, including large, influential teams.

The strongest motivation to develop such models is the profit motive, and that is inevitably weakened by grant-lethargy. One has to take risks to become a change agent, so we have put ourselves on a diet, to get our creative financial juices flowing.

We have decided to stay hungry. https://image.nostr.build/28ddca2ef029e8be27e351867f37e457e2070e005f5588f88f486208709ee00d.jpg

@ 92cb589e:adb37f9b

yo

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

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@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

nostr - Notes and Other Stuff Transmitted by Relays

The simplest open protocol that is able to create a censorship-resistant global "social" network once and for all.

It doesn't rely on any trusted central server, hence it is resilient; it is based on cryptographic keys and signatures, so it is tamperproof; it does not rely on P2P techniques, therefore it works.

Very short summary of how it works, if you don't plan to read anything else:

Everybody runs a client. It can be a native client, a web client, etc. To publish something, you write a post, sign it with your key and send it to multiple relays (servers hosted by someone else, or yourself). To get updates from other people, you ask multiple relays if they know anything about these other people. Anyone can run a relay. A relay is very simple and dumb. It does nothing besides accepting posts from some people and forwarding to others. Relays don't have to be trusted. Signatures are verified on the client side.

This is needed because other solutions are broken:

The problem with Twitter

• Twitter has ads;
• Twitter uses bizarre techniques to keep you addicted;
• Twitter doesn't show an actual historical feed from people you follow;
• Twitter bans people;
• Twitter shadowbans people.
• Twitter has a lot of spam.

The problem with Mastodon and similar programs

• User identities are attached to domain names controlled by third-parties;
• Server owners can ban you, just like Twitter; Server owners can also block other servers;
• Migration between servers is an afterthought and can only be accomplished if servers cooperate. It doesn't work in an adversarial environment (all followers are lost);
• There are no clear incentives to run servers, therefore they tend to be run by enthusiasts and people who want to have their name attached to a cool domain. Then, users are subject to the despotism of a single person, which is often worse than that of a big company like Twitter, and they can't migrate out;
• Since servers tend to be run amateurishly, they are often abandoned after a while — which is effectively the same as banning everybody;
• It doesn't make sense to have a ton of servers if updates from every server will have to be painfully pushed (and saved!) to a ton of other servers. This point is exacerbated by the fact that servers tend to exist in huge numbers, therefore more data has to be passed to more places more often;
• For the specific example of video sharing, ActivityPub enthusiasts realized it would be completely impossible to transmit video from server to server the way text notes are, so they decided to keep the video hosted only from the single instance where it was posted to, which is similar to the Nostr approach.

The problem with SSB (Secure Scuttlebutt)

• It doesn't have many problems. I think it's great. In fact, I was going to use it as a basis for this, but
• its protocol is too complicated because it wasn't thought about being an open protocol at all. It was just written in JavaScript in probably a quick way to solve a specific problem and grew from that, therefore it has weird and unnecessary quirks like signing a JSON string which must strictly follow the rules of ECMA-262 6th Edition;
• It insists on having a chain of updates from a single user, which feels unnecessary to me and something that adds bloat and rigidity to the thing — each server/user needs to store all the chain of posts to be sure the new one is valid. Why? (Maybe they have a good reason);
• It is not as simple as Nostr, as it was primarily made for P2P syncing, with "pubs" being an afterthought;
• Still, it may be worth considering using SSB instead of this custom protocol and just adapting it to the client-relay server model, because reusing a standard is always better than trying to get people in a new one.

The problem with other solutions that require everybody to run their own server

• They require everybody to run their own server;
• Sometimes people can still be censored in these because domain names can be censored.

How does Nostr work?

• There are two components: clients and relays. Each user runs a client. Anyone can run a relay.
• Every user is identified by a public key. Every post is signed. Every client validates these signatures.
• Clients fetch data from relays of their choice and publish data to other relays of their choice. A relay doesn't talk to another relay, only directly to users.
• For example, to "follow" someone a user just instructs their client to query the relays it knows for posts from that public key.
• On startup, a client queries data from all relays it knows for all users it follows (for example, all updates from the last day), then displays that data to the user chronologically.
• A "post" can contain any kind of structured data, but the most used ones are going to find their way into the standard so all clients and relays can handle them seamlessly.

How does it solve the problems the networks above can't?

• Users getting banned and servers being closed
• A relay can block a user from publishing anything there, but that has no effect on them as they can still publish to other relays. Since users are identified by a public key, they don't lose their identities and their follower base when they get banned.
• Instead of requiring users to manually type new relay addresses (although this should also be supported), whenever someone you're following posts a server recommendation, the client should automatically add that to the list of relays it will query.
• If someone is using a relay to publish their data but wants to migrate to another one, they can publish a server recommendation to that previous relay and go;
• If someone gets banned from many relays such that they can't get their server recommendations broadcasted, they may still let some close friends know through other means with which relay they are publishing now. Then, these close friends can publish server recommendations to that new server, and slowly, the old follower base of the banned user will begin finding their posts again from the new relay.

• All of the above is valid too for when a relay ceases its operations.

• Censorship-resistance

• Each user can publish their updates to any number of relays.

• A relay can charge a fee (the negotiation of that fee is outside of the protocol for now) from users to publish there, which ensures censorship-resistance (there will always be some Russian server willing to take your money in exchange for serving your posts).

• Spam

• If spam is a concern for a relay, it can require payment for publication or some other form of authentication, such as an email address or phone, and associate these internally with a pubkey that then gets to publish to that relay — or other anti-spam techniques, like hashcash or captchas. If a relay is being used as a spam vector, it can easily be unlisted by clients, which can continue to fetch updates from other relays.

• Data storage

• For the network to stay healthy, there is no need for hundreds of active relays. In fact, it can work just fine with just a handful, given the fact that new relays can be created and spread through the network easily in case the existing relays start misbehaving. Therefore, the amount of data storage required, in general, is relatively less than Mastodon or similar software.

• Or considering a different outcome: one in which there exist hundreds of niche relays run by amateurs, each relaying updates from a small group of users. The architecture scales just as well: data is sent from users to a single server, and from that server directly to the users who will consume that. It doesn't have to be stored by anyone else. In this situation, it is not a big burden for any single server to process updates from others, and having amateur servers is not a problem.

• Video and other heavy content

• It's easy for a relay to reject large content, or to charge for accepting and hosting large content. When information and incentives are clear, it's easy for the market forces to solve the problem.

• Techniques to trick the user

• Each client can decide how to best show posts to users, so there is always the option of just consuming what you want in the manner you want — from using an AI to decide the order of the updates you'll see to just reading them in chronological order.

FAQ

• This is very simple. Why hasn't anyone done it before?

I don't know, but I imagine it has to do with the fact that people making social networks are either companies wanting to make money or P2P activists who want to make a thing completely without servers. They both fail to see the specific mix of both worlds that Nostr uses.

• How do I find people to follow?

First, you must know them and get their public key somehow, either by asking or by seeing it referenced somewhere. Once you're inside a Nostr social network you'll be able to see them interacting with other people and then you can also start following and interacting with these others.

• How do I find relays? What happens if I'm not connected to the same relays someone else is?

You won't be able to communicate with that person. But there are hints on events that can be used so that your client software (or you, manually) knows how to connect to the other person's relay and interact with them. There are other ideas on how to solve this too in the future but we can't ever promise perfect reachability, no protocol can.

• Can I know how many people are following me?

No, but you can get some estimates if relays cooperate in an extra-protocol way.

• What incentive is there for people to run relays?

The question is misleading. It assumes that relays are free dumb pipes that exist such that people can move data around through them. In this case yes, the incentives would not exist. This in fact could be said of DHT nodes in all other p2p network stacks: what incentive is there for people to run DHT nodes?

• Nostr enables you to move between server relays or use multiple relays but if these relays are just on AWS or Azure what’s the difference?

There are literally thousands of VPS providers scattered all around the globe today, there is not only AWS or Azure. AWS or Azure are exactly the providers used by single centralized service providers that need a lot of scale, and even then not just these two. For smaller relay servers any VPS will do the job very well.

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

We were at a friend’s house in the country this past weekend with a group of people who had formed a connection during covid. Its purpose was to talk earnestly and support one another in the face of injection mandates, movement restrictions and the disparagement of free speech and critical thought.

One person brought up Israel-Palestine and how cruel and evil the destruction was. Then she paused, suddenly self-conscious, and said something to the effect of, “I hope I’m not coming off like the anti-semite of the group!”

Everyone assured her, no, she could voice whatever she liked, without fear of judgment or excommunication, which was the point of the group. I started to say how on Twitter it was interesting that many people who held the line together during covid were at major odds over Israel-Palestine and other controversies. But I couldn’t get past the word “Twitter” before our host said, “Why are you still on Twitter?”

I told him a lot of my follows were good, and it’s where my reach was. But as I thought about it, I don’t really need “reach” as I’m not selling anything other than my Substacks, not even making much of an effort there and almost everyone who wants to read them is probably already doing so. The truth is Twitter isn’t really essential for my work anymore.

He told me he had stopped reading any news at all, and I realized this was true when I used O.J. Simpson as an example of something, and he didn’t know The Juice had died last week. He had had an epiphany that he was better off attending to his own life and that any exposure at all was a distraction.

. . .

I sometimes fancy myself an information warrior of sorts, suiting up to do battle with paid propagandists, obsequious online virtue signalers and manipulated normies who lack the bandwidth, inclination or capacity to sort things out for themselves.

It is only I (and millions of like-minded soldiers), it sometimes seems, who prevent the powerful, centralized forces from running roughshod over us all.

. . .

I remember walking through Times Square in the mid-1990s with a friend. There was a black preacher at a makeshift pulpit with a microphone railing against the evils of the white man. The friend, who might have ingested an excessive amount of cannabis that day, walked past him, navigating the crowded sidewalk, exclaiming, “White devil coming through, white devil coming through!”

. . .

Twitter’s algorithm serves me up a fair amount of content about what the EU, Biden administration, WEF and WHO are up to. I can assure you from the usually reliable accounts in my feed it seems very much like no good. From mandatory medicine to censorship for the “greater good” to funding of overseas wars, regulation of your “carbon emission” and central bank digital currencies, it’s a what’s what of Orwellian dystopia about which only the most zombified imbecile would be enthused.

I draw my sword, so to speak, and sever one of its hydra heads with a sarcastic quip. The likes and retweets flow like serpent blood, and for a moment I feel I’ve made a small difference. It’s mostly the choir that’s amplifying my message, but there are onlookers too, stirring with one eye open, not-yet-quite-awake normies who sense something’s not right. Maybe one of them will wake up and, once awake, never go back to sleep. I’m doing God’s work, I tell myself.

. . .

I listened to a bitcoin podcast five years ago between Marty Bent and investor/blogger/thinker Ben Hunt. Both agreed the system was rotten to the core and essentially beyond salvage, but while Marty was advocating for bitcoin as the alternative, Hunt was convinced the powers that be would either make it illegal (they’ll turn you into a criminal!), “ghetto-ize it like gold” or eventually co-opt it.

Marty kept making his case, but Hunt, 25-odd years his senior with a knowing tone of world-weariness, insisted it was futile because of what “they” will do. As I listened, I couldn’t help but wonder who Hunt thought “they” were since “he” was doing yeoman’s work on “their” behalf to dissuade listeners from considering a parallel system.

Maybe Hunt really did think it was hopelessly corrupt and beyond salvage, but he surely gave the impression “they” were in charge, and he and everyone else were powerless to do much about it.

. . .

I still laugh when I think of my friend calling himself “white devil” in front of the street preacher. Most people were either watching in amusement and/or mild fear, or just eye-rolling and ignoring the guy outright. You don’t need to waste time refuting someone with no power over you — if you want to preach death to whitey in 1990s Manhattan, knock yourself out. It was a free country then.

. . .

It occurred to me in pointing out the nefariousness and ill-intentioned schemes of the unelected three-letter globalist conspiracy hatchers I might be unwittingly playing the role of Ben Hunt: “This is what they are up to. Here’s what they are going to do. I need to inform my followers and those I know about them, lest we fall victim to totalitarian rule.”

I am implying that unlike the preacher at whose expense my friend had a laugh and probably never thought about again, we need to take them seriously and worry about them. I am painting them as powerful and real, and the onlookers, many of which are perhaps interested more in whom to ally with ideologically for self-preservation and social advancement, might be hearing my dire warnings as a kind of advertisement. The message is: “This is who is winning,” and their takeaway, consciously or not, might be “How do I position myself to benefit from that?”

. . .

What’s the alternative to pointing out wrong when you see it, speaking truth to power and fighting against it? How can we watch people run roughshod over our rights for four years and not speak out? If not me, then who? Should we just bury our heads in the sand and pretend like the last four years never happened?

I don’t know the answer, but maybe that framing is a false dichotomy. By declining to engage with a broken system on its terms we need not deny what it is or what it’s up to. We just quietly withdraw our energies from it, not reify it through our focus and opposition. Treat it like the powerless street preacher who is free to rail into the void all he likes.

Good luck to those who still want to believe in it. I think you’re headed for a rude awakening, but that’s a matter for you to navigate on your own. My need to convince you, recruit you to the “army of truth” is just feeding the idea that we need one, that there’s still a battle to be fought, that we haven’t already won.

“Carbon-based life form, coming through!”

@ 8ea48526:e6720a43

Recently there has been discussion on the socials about supporting open source developers, specifically those who work on Bitcoin and Nostr. There is a small-ish camp of people who think that Bitcoin should remain as is…it’s perfect, don’t mess with a good thing. Many others think – correctly, in my opinion – that Bitcoin needs to be maintained and even enhanced. As long as the changes make Bitcoin better money, we should evaluate, go slow, and keep things simple.

Who will maintain Bitcoin and other open source projects? Will devs do it out of the goodness of their heart? Builders gotta eat; food ain’t free. A handful of institutions, both non-profit and businesses, provide grants and long term support to developers. This is great and I hope that continues. However, there is more that we can do. There is more that you can do.

Zappy 21st

I propose we make the 21st day of every month the (un)official ”Zap a Builder Day”. It’s simple. On day 21 in the current month, find a developer and zap them sats.

Created in the spirit of #v4v and the #grownostr social experiment, I’d love to see people make this part of their monthly routine. It’s common for certain days of the month to have meaning. The 1st day marks the start of a new month. The 5th day is a common day when mortgage payments are due. In the United States, on the 15th day of April taxes are due. So now there is the 21st day, the day you send some value to devs.

Who are you gonna zap?

Any open source developer. Start simple; don't overthink this. If you're using a Nostr client that you love, go find one of the contributors and zap them. If you use Bitcoin or Lightning regularly, find a Bitcoin or Lightning dev. There are many other great freedom tech tools, like wallets, sovereign computing apps, and privacy tools that have developers behind them. Zap a developer. (I say developer, but I really mean "contributor". Remember the designers, product, support, and project people who also contribute.)

I'm intentionally not giving names of developers here because I don't want to favor one over the other. Every open source developer is important to different people based on the tools they use. So go zap the people in your realm.

I'm only publishing this on Nostr, but I'm happy if the idea spreads beyond that. Nostr is the perfect place because you can so easily find a core dev and zap them. No need to track down their website hoping to find a wallet address or request a Lightning invoice.

Join the Zaps

While everyone is excited about block 840000, halvings come and halvings go. But the 21st is always here for you. Every month, reliably, quietly doing its thing. Just like those open source devs you rely on so much. They’re here every month, reliably, quietly doing their thing. Let’s show them some love.

This April 21st find a dev and zap them. If you’d like, add a message telling them how awesome their work is and tag it with #Zappy21st. Let’s flood the feeds with #Zappy21st messages and surface great open source developers to others. Next month on the 21st, we’ll do it again.

🤘

@ 3c984938:2ec11289

Hello (N)osytrs!

Yes! I'm calling you an (N)oystr!

Why is that? Because you shine, and I'm not just saying that to get more SATs. Ordinary Oysters and mussels can produce these beauties! Nothing seriously unique about them, however, with a little time and love each oyster is capable of creating something truly beautiful. I like believing so, at least, given the fact that you're even reading this article; makes you an (N)oystr! This isn't published this on X (formerly known as Twitter), Facebook, Discord, Telegram, or Instagram, which makes you the rare breed! A pearl indeed! I do have access to those platforms, but why create content on a terrible platform knowing I too could be shut down! Unfortunately, many people still use these platforms. This forces individuals to give up their privacy every day. Meta is leading the charge by forcing users to provide a photo ID for verification in order to use their crappy, obsolete site. If that was not bad enough, imagine if you're having a type of disagreement or opinion. Then, Bigtech can easily deplatform you. Umm. So no open debate? Just instantly shut-off users. Whatever, happened to right to a fair trial? Nope, just burning you at the stake as if you're a witch or warlock!

How heinous are the perpetrators and financiers of this? Well, that's opening another can of worms for you.

Imagine your voice being taken away, like the little mermaid. Ariel was lucky to have a prince, but the majority of us? The likelihood that I would be carried away by the current of the sea during a sunset with a prince on a sailboat is zero. And I live on an island, so I'm just missing the prince, sailboat(though I know where I could go to steal one), and red hair. Oh my gosh, now I feel sad.

I do not have the prince, Bob is better! I do not have mermaid fins, or a shell bra. Use coconut shells, it offers more support! But, I still have my voice and a killer sunset to die for!

All of that is possible thanks to the work of developers. These knights fight for Freedom Tech by utilizing FOSS, which help provides us with a vibrant ecosystem. Unfortunately, I recently learned that they are not all funded. Knights must eat, drink, and have a work space. This space is where they spend most of their sweat equity on an app or software that may and may not pan out. That brilliance is susceptible to fading, as these individuals are not seen but rather stay behind closed doors. What's worse, if these developers lose faith in their project and decide to join forces with Meta! 😖 Does WhatsApp ring a bell?

Without them, I probably wouldn't be able to create this long form article. Let's cheer them on like cheerleaders.. 👉Unfortunately, there's no cheerleader emoji so you'll just have to settle for a dancing lady, n guy. 💃🕺

Semisol said it beautifully, npub12262qa4uhw7u8gdwlgmntqtv7aye8vdcmvszkqwgs0zchel6mz7s6cgrkj

If we want freedom tech to succeed, the tools that make it possible need to be funded: relays like https://nostr.land, media hosts like https://nostr.build, clients like https://damus.io, etc.

With that thought, Onigirl is pleased to announce the launch of a new series. With a sole focus on free market devs/projects.

Knights of Nostr!

I'll happily brief you about their exciting project and how it benefits humanity! Let's Support these Magnificent projects, devs, relays, and builders! Our first runner up!

Oppa Fishcake :Lord of Media Hosting

npub137c5pd8gmhhe0njtsgwjgunc5xjr2vmzvglkgqs5sjeh972gqqxqjak37w

Oppa Fishcake with his noble steed!

Think of this as an introduction to learn and further your experience on Nostr! New developments and applications are constantly happening on Nostr. It's enough to make one's head spin. I may also cover FOSS projects(outside of Nostr) as they need some love as well! Plus, you can think of it as another tool to add to your decentralized life. I will not be doing how-to-Nostr guides. I personally feel there are plenty of great guides already available! Which I'm happy to add to curation collection via easily searchable on Yakihonne.

For email updates you can subscribe to my [[https://paragraph.xyz/@onigirl]]

If you like it, send me some 🧡💛💚 hearts💜💗💖 otherwise zap dat⚡⚡🍑🍑peach⚡⚡🍑 ~If not me, then at least to our dearest knight!

Thank you from the bottom of my heart for your time and support (N)oystr! Shine bright like a diamond! Share if you care! FOSS power!

Follow on your favorite Nostr Client for the best viewing experience!

[!NOTE]

I'm using Obsidian + Nostr Writer Plugin; a new way to publish Markdown directly to Nostr. I was a little nervous using this because I was used doing them in RStudio; R Markdown.
Since this is my first article, I sent it to my account as a draft to test it. It's pretty neat.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Parallel Chains

We want merged-mined blockchains. We want them because it is possible to do things in them that aren't doable in the normal Bitcoin blockchain because it is rightfully too expensive, but there are other things beside the world money that could benefit from a "distributed ledger" -- just like people believed in 2013 --, like issued assets and domain names (just the most obvious examples).

On the other hand we can't have -- like people believed in 2013 -- a copy of Bitcoin for every little idea with its own native token that is mined by proof-of-work and must get off the ground from being completely valueless into having some value by way of a miracle that operated only once with Bitcoin.

It's also not a good idea to have blockchains with custom merged-mining protocol (like Namecoin and Rootstock) that require Bitcoin miners to run their software and be an active participant and miner for that other network besides Bitcoin, because it's too cumbersome for everybody.

Luckily Ruben Somsen invented this protocol for blind merged-mining that solves the issue above. Although it doesn't solve the fact that each parallel chain still needs some form of "native" token to pay miners -- or it must use another method that doesn't use a native token, such as trusted payments outside the chain.

How does it work

With the SIGHASH_NOINPUT/SIGHASH_ANYPREVOUT soft-fork[^eltoo] it becomes possible to create presigned transactions that aren't related to any previous UTXO.

Then you create a long sequence of transactions (sufficient to last for many many years), each with an nLockTime of 1 and each spending the next (you create them from the last to the first). Since their scriptSig (the unlocking script) will use SIGHASH_ANYPREVOUT you can obtain a transaction id/hash that doesn't include the previous TXO, you can, for example, in a sequence of transactions A0-->B (B spends output 0 from A), include the signature for "spending A0 on B" inside the scriptPubKey (the locking script) of "A0".

With the contraption described above it is possible to make that long string of transactions everybody will know (and know how to generate) but each transaction can only be spent by the next previously decided transaction, no matter what anyone does, and there always must be at least one block of difference between them.

Then you combine it with RBF, SIGHASH_SINGLE and SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY so parallel chain miners can add inputs and outputs to be able to compete on fees by including their own outputs and getting change back while at the same time writing a hash of the parallel block in the change output and you get everything working perfectly: everybody trying to spend the same output from the long string, each with a different parallel block hash, only the highest bidder will get the transaction included on the Bitcoin chain and thus only one parallel block will be mined.

See also

• Drivechain

[^eltoo]: The same thing used in Eltoo.

@ 126a29e8:d1341981

Esta es la traducción de una carta de Ross Ulbricht que se publicó en su blog en Septiembre de 2019. Podéis leer el artículo original aquí: https://rossulbricht.medium.com/bitcoin-equals-freedom-6c33986b4852

Algo especial sucedió en el primer año después de que Satoshi nos regalara Bitcoin. Algo que nadie esperaba y que muchos pensaban que era imposible. Intenta imaginar Bitcoin en aquel entonces, antes de que pudieras comprar cosas con él, antes de que hubiera un tipo de cambio, antes de que nadie supiera realmente qué pasaría con él, si es que pasaba algo. Bitcoin no empezó como dinero. Se convirtió en dinero, pero lo hizo de forma distinta a cualquier dinero anterior. A pesar de todas las cosas que Bitcoin ha hecho posibles, a pesar de todas las formas en que está cambiando nuestro mundo, no apreciamos plenamente o ni siquiera entendemos lo que sucedió en aquellos primeros días, cuando era sólo un juguete para geeks.

Cualquier otro dinero anterior al Bitcoin -en la larga historia de la civilización humana- se valoraba por razones distintas a su uso como dinero. El ganado en África, los sellos de correos en las prisiones, las conchas marinas y los metales preciosos se han utilizado como dinero y encajan en este patrón. La única excepción es el dinero fiduciario -algo declarado como dinero por una autoridad-, pero incluso las monedas fiduciarias nacionales estuvieron en su día respaldadas por algo con valor previo, como el oro.

Bitcoin cambió todo eso. Bitcoin no tenía ningún valor previo y nadie estaba obligado a utilizarlo, pero de alguna manera se convirtió en un medio de intercambio. Las personas que no entienden y se preocupan poco por Bitcoin pueden, sin embargo, aceptarlo como pago porque saben que puede ser utilizado para pagar por otra cosa o ser intercambiado por dinero convencional.

La gente suele mencionar las pizzas que se compraron por diez mil bitcoins y, en retrospectiva, se burlan del tipo que se comió lo que se convertiría en un almuerzo multimillonario. A mí me interesa más la persona que renunció a dos pizzas en perfecto estado por meros bitcoins. ¿Qué vio en esos bits y bytes, en esa firma digital de algo que la gente llamaba cadena de bloques? Lo que motivó al vendedor de pizzas pudo haber llamado también la atención de los primeros mineros, que no podían vender pero acumulaban alegremente. Quizá inspiró a los que simplemente regalaban bitcoins por miles. Fuera lo que fuese, era algo nuevo.

La teoría económica clásica dice que un intercambio no se produce a menos que ambas partes valoren más lo que reciben que lo que entregan. Entonces, ¿de dónde viene el valor? Bitcoin nunca debería haber despegado, pero lo hizo. Incluso un producto nuevo tiene algún tipo de valor, y los primeros en adoptarlo corren el riesgo de no obtener el valor de su dinero, pero aún así esperan ganar con el intercambio.

En cambio, los primeros usuarios de Bitcoin no tenían ni idea de lo que sabemos ahora. Todo lo que tenían era un sueño, una convicción y el entusiasmo suficiente para convertir un artilugio digital en un fenómeno multimillonario del que sólo estamos empezando a ver los efectos.

Te diré lo que creo que pasó, aunque lo cierto es que nadie lo sabe. Es casi magia que Bitcoin pudiera surgir de la nada y, sin valor previo ni decreto de autoridad, convertirse en dinero. Pero Bitcoin no se originó en el vacío. Fue la solución a un problema con el que los criptógrafos llevaban lidiando muchos años: Cómo crear dinero digital sin autoridad central que no pudiera falsificarse y en el que se pudiera confiar.

Este problema persistió durante tanto tiempo que algunos dejaron la solución a otros y soñaron en cambio con cómo sería nuestro futuro si el dinero digital descentralizado llegara a existir de alguna manera. Soñaban con un futuro en el que el poder económico del mundo estuviera al alcance de todos, en el que el valor pudiera transferirse a cualquier lugar con sólo pulsar una tecla. Soñaban con que la prosperidad y libertad dependieran únicamente de las matemáticas de una encriptación robusta.

Bitcoin nacía pues en terreno fértil y era reconocido por quienes lo habían estado esperando. Fue un momento histórico para ellos, mucho más importante que las pizzas o las facturas de la electricidad generadas por la minería. La promesa de libertad y el encanto del destino dieron energía a la comunidad inicial. Bitcoin se adoptó consciente y espontáneamente como dinero mientras nadie lo veía, y nuestro mundo nunca volverá a ser el mismo.

https://freeross.org

@ f977c464:32fcbe00

3724

Dürbününü yazı masasının çekmecesine koydu. O adamın bakışlarında bir şey vardı, tüylerini ürperten bir aşinalık.

Sağ tarafa kavislenen toprak yol, şehir merkezindeki idam platformuna doğru uzanırdı. On, on beş adım aralıkla, telefon ve radyo tellerini taşıyan, aynı zamanda geceleri yağ fenerlerinin asıldığı direkleri geçerdiniz. At arabalarının kaldırdığı toz ve yaydığı koku gözlerinizi yaşartırdı.

Ve darağacının önüne geldiğinizde, arkanızda bıraktığınız direklerin ne kadar güçsüz, acınası olduğu, öncesinde defalarca fark etmediyseniz bile, tam o anda, yüreğinize otururdu. Platformun üstünden gökyüzünü tehdit eden, ölüme mahkûm edilenleri kınayan gövdesi ve aniden yere eğdiği, acıyla çarpılmış boynuyla kaba tahtadan bir ucube!

Oysaki geçip geldiğiniz direklerin aksine, yanınızda uzanan, çoğunluğu iki katlı evler de tahtadan yapılmıştı ve çatıların, yağmur oluklarının, kapı çerçevelerinin, pencere kapaklarının üstündeki doğa tasviri süslemeleriyle öyle kibarlardı ki...

Dikkat etmemiş olacaksınız ama aralarında, soğuk elleriyle sizi yere bastıran, tasvirlerin yerini görkemli hayvanların -kartalların, aslanların, köpeklerin- aldığı taş evler sıralanırdı. Darağacının bedeni diğer evlerdense, ruhu kesinlikle bunlardan geliyordu.

Uzaktan kuş sesleri duyuluyordu. Bülbül. Buraya ait olmayan, dalgınlığını tamamlayan, kafese kapatılmış bir ses.

Çalışma masasının üzerine, pencereye doğru abandı. Artık ezberlediği bu hac yolculuğuna ihtiyacı yoktu. Evinden olanları az buçuk seçebiliyordu ve zaten görmeye katlanabileceğini görmüştü.

Adamın boynuna ilmeği çoktan geçirmişlerdi. Otuzlu yaşlarının başında gösteriyordu. Teni güneşten sertleşmişti. Çatlaklar gözlerinin yanından elmacık kemiklerine uzanıyordu. Saçı ve sakalı uzun, mat siyahtı.

Neredeyse kimse izlemiyordu. Sadece tek tük, aralarına mesafe koymuş ilgisiz kişiler...

Radyo her zamanki gibi celladın konuşmasını canlı olarak yayınlıyordu.

“...lece günahlarımızdan arınmış olacağız! Doğaya küfür olan tüm bu ucubeler, düzensizlikler...”

Bir kişiyi kurtarmak için ölen onlarca insan... Attıkları çığlıklar bilinçaltının derinliklerinde hafifçe kıvrandı.

İdamların başladığı o gün...

Erken saatlerde ortaya çıkıveren genci tanımıyorlardı. İnsanlara garip sorular sormuş ve kısa süre sonra ortadan kaybolmuştu. Öğlen vakti kucağındaki paketle geri dönmüştü.

“...lumumuz için büyük tehdit teşkil etmektedirler. Şüphesiz bundan birkaç yıl sonra yapacağı hareketleriyle sadece öldüreceği insanların değil, toplumun çökü...”

Darağacını hiç değiştirmediler. Yoksa bu da hafızasındaki bulanıklığın çarpıttığı anılardan mıydı? Hatırlamaya her çalıştığında başı ağrıyordu.

Gence üzülmüş ve apar topar alınan karar karşısında dehşete düşmüştü. Diğerlerinin arasına karışmak, sesini çıkarmak, hiç değilse bunların neden olduğunu öğrenmek istemişti.

“...esin iyiliğini gözetmek zorundayız. Bunu yapabilecek gücümüzün kalmış olduğu için şükretmeliyiz. Omzumuzdaki bu gö...”

Vazgeçmişti. Korkmuştu. Ellerini titreten ilkel dürtüden değil, uzun zamandır üzerinde çalıştığı romanının bittiğini görememe ihtimalinden. “Ertesi gün,” demişti, “ertesi gün orada olacağım.”

Odanın büyük bölümünü işgal eden radyoyu kapattı. İnsan boyu ve genişliğinde, üzerindeki kontrol düğmeleri dışında cilalı ahşaptandı. Güzel olsa da pili hızlı tükeniyordu. Yenisini alması gerekecekti.

Banyoya gitti. Evin her yerinde az eşya bulundurmayı severdi: içi temiz su dolu kova, küvet olarak kullandığı büyük varil ve ayna.

Şehirdeki diğerleri gibi hafif esmer tenli, kahverengiye çalan koyu saçlı ve gözlüydü. Onların aksine gözlerinin içinde hâlâ heyecan ateşi yanıyordu. Saçları bile daha canlıydı sanki. Ve ne kısa ne uzun ne yakışıklı ne çirkin... Olması gereken neyse o. Yüzünü yıkadı, gülümseyip çalışma odasına geri döndü.

Yeniden kâğıtlarının karşısına geçi. Romanını nihayet bitiriyordu. Son cümlelerini yazdı.

Her şeye geç kalmasına değmişti.

9386

Dürbününü pencerenin iç denizliğine, yaslandığı yerin kenarına bıraktı. O adamın bakışlarında açıklayamadığı bir şey vardı. Tüylerini ürperten bir aşinalık.

Adamın boynuna ilmeği çoktan geçirmişlerdi. Orta yaşlarındaydı. Beyazlaşmaya, griye dönmeye yeni yeni başlamış saçı ve sakalı, rengi atmış kıyafetleriyle oldukça hırpaniydi.

Kimdi o? Tanıyordu sanki..

Mutlaka yakından bakmalıydı.

“...felaketin eşiğinden döndüğümüz günün üzerinden uzun zaman geçmedi. Unutmayın! Unutmanız on...”

Radyoyu kapattı. Pili hızlı bitiyordu. Ne zaman değiştirmişti? Baş ağrısı geri geliyordu.

Merdivenlerden indi. En az dört basamağı gıcırdamıştı. Yenilenmelerinin zamanı geliyordu, temizlenmelerinin de. Parmak kalınlığında toz! Eski ve yeni ayak izleri üst üste binmişti.

Kulaklarındaki ince çınlama, ensesindeki ter... İçinden yükselip göğsünü ittiren, dengesini bozup neredeyse düşercesine aşağıya inmesine neden olan panik...

Holü geçerken diğer odalara kısaca göz attı. Hepsinin durumu aynıydı. Onu asıl şaşırtansa yatak odası oldu. Her gün uyuduğu yatağın, yanındaki bazanın, kirli çamaşır sepetinin ve etejerin üzeri... Nasıl fark etmemişti tüm bunları? Peki elbiselerinin böyle eskidiğini?

Dokunduğu elinde kalıyor veya kapalı kalmışlık kokusu yüzünden midesini bulandırıyordu. Eline geçen paçavraları apar topar giydi. Dokuması incelmiş bol beyaz keten gömleği, rengi griye yaklaşmış pantolonu -önceden? Belki siyah-, her tarafı çatlamış ve dikişleri atmış uzun deri çizmesi.

Neler oluyor neler oluyor neler oluyor neler oluyor...

Sokağa çıktı ve hava soluk borusunu temizlerken gözleri yaşardı. Hayır, kendimi kaptırmış olmalıyım. Kesin zamanın ucunu kaçırdım. Ev dün böyle değildi. Hayır hayır hayır hayır hayır...

Bulanık görüyordu ama hiç değilse burası normaldi.

İdam platformu şehir merkezindeydi. Oraya koştu.

Buranın o eğlenceli, panayır havasından eser kalmamıştı elbette. Kahveye girip çıkanlar, yan sokaktaki pazara gidip gelenler... Kimsenin olup bitenlere ilgisi yoktu. Dükkânların yarısı kapalıydı zaten. İnsanların burada oyalanmak için gittikçe daha az sebebi oluyordu.

“...lediğimiz kurtuluşumuz.”

Cellat, onun tam karşısında durduğunu görünce sustu. Herkes merakla onlara döndü.

Ve işte o anda, darağacındaki adamın bağırmasıyla celladın koşup kolu çekmesi ve zemindeki kapağı açması, infazı tamamlaması bir oldu.

“Koñrul! Onu...”

Çığlıkları ancak onu eve, yatağına taşıdıklarında biraz dindi. Sayıklamaya devam ediyordu: “Romanım romanım romanım romanım..."

Sakinleşmesi için yukarıdan kâğıtlarını ve kalemini getirdiler. Son cümlesini yazdı. Yarını göremeyecekti.

14796

Masanın üzerinde, koyduğu yerde durmayan, yuvarlanan ve düşüp merceği kırılan dürbünü fark etmedi. O adamın bakışlarında açıklayamadığı bir şey vardı. Tüylerini ürperten bir aşinalık.

Ve yine aynı gün, diğerlerinin aynı... İnsanlar bile gün geçtikçe birbirine benziyordu.

Adamın boynuna ilmeği çoktan geçirmişlerdi. Yaşlı sayılırdı veya yaşlanmaya başlıyordu. Saçı ve sakalı beyaz ama gösterdiği yaşa rağmen hâlâ gürdü. Istırap çekmenin, büyük yük taşımanın bezginliği her yerinden hissediliyordu.

“...rine inmemiz gerek. Bu insan müsveddeleri toplumumuz için büyük tehdit...”

Evet... evet. Demek bu adam da kimsenin anlamadığı haltlar yemek üzereydi.

Rahatı kaçanlar olacaktı, belki ölenler.

Adamı gerçekten tanıyor olabilir miydi?

Kendini aşırı zorlamıştı. Radyoyu kapatıp banyoya gitti. Yeni pili ne zaman takmıştı?

Aynada kendine baktı. Geceleri uyuyup uyumadığını bile bilmiyordu. Gözleri iyice yuvalarına kaçmış, etrafı kararırken akları sararmış, zayıf ve soluk, yüzünün üstüne bırakılıp unutulmuş çöplerden farksızdı. Saçlarını düzeltmeye çalıştı, her hareketiyle onlarca saç teli kopunca vazgeçti. Renkleri solmuştu.

Şehirde yiyecek kalmamıştı. Her gün stoklar azalıyordu. Tarlalardaki olgunlaşmamış meyve sebzelere düşmüşlerdi. Tüccarlar niye gelmiyordu ki? Diğer şehirlerde de mi durum kötüydü?

Kafasından aşağı su döküp geri döndü. Kâğıtlarını önüne çekti. Romanını bitirmeliydi, açlıktan ölmeden veya idam edilen sonraki kişi olmadan. Son cümlelerini yazdı:

“Dünya yine ölürken ve her şey baştan başlarken gidebileceği bir yer kalmamıştı. Eski çağların roketlerini düşündü. Gerçekten başka gezegenler var mıydı? O zamanlarda yaşasaydı Güneş’e giderdi! Şimdi hareket etmek için duracaktı. Sonraki güne kadar.”

20251

Dürbününü kapıdan çıkarken tuvalet kovasının içine attı. Yine bir idam. Saçları dökülüyordu. Alnının iki yanı geriye doğru açılmış, sakallarıyla birleşip yekpare olan tellerin arasından kafa derisi seçilebiliyordu.

Ne ilgi çekici... Bıraksalar kendisi ölecekti zaten. Pazara gidip ne bulabileceğine bakmayı tercih ederdi.

İnsanlar ayağını sürüyerek yürüyordu. Celladın konuşması dışında çıt çıkaran yoktu. Ne kuş ötüşü veya köpek havlaması ne çocuk gülüşmeleri... Konuşanları görebiliyordu, duyamıyordu. Fısıltıdan fazlasını çıkaracak istekleri yoktu.

“...hennemin böyleleriyle dolu olduğundan şüphesi olan var mı aranızda? Onları tekrar layık oldukları yere göndereceğiz. Bunun için yardı...”

Evet... evet. “Elma kaça?”

Pazarcı taburesinden kalkıp tezgâha geldi. O da aynıydı. Farklı bedende aynı sefalet. “Hangisi?”

“Fazla ham olmayanlardan.”

“Tanesi 600 lira.”

“Yarım ver. Şundan da...” Lafını tamamlayamadı. Biri bağırıyordu. Genç, on yedisinde bile göstermeyen biri. Yüzü etli, hareketleri canlı, kıyafetleri yeni ancak kendisine büyük gelmiş ve epey hırpalanmıştı. Hele o paltosu... İçi pamukla dolu olmalıydı. Kocamandı.

“Ya idam ne demek abi! Manyak mısınız lan siz? Kaçıncı yüzyıldasınız a...”

Küfrünün ortasında ağzını kapattılar. Koluna girmiş, kahveye geri sokuyorlardı.

Tezgâhtara “Kim bu?” diye sordu.

“Birinin torunuymuş, öyle diyor. Daha önce duyduysam n’olayım. Meczup herhalde,” dedi tezgâhtar.

“İsmi neymiş dedesinin?”

“Hakan mı, Hasan mı, öyle bi’şey.”

“Ekmekten çeyrek dilim, deri parçasını da ver. Çorbalık, değil mi?”

“Evet, çorbalık.”

Hakan... Şu saçma romanını bitirmek için evine döndü. Artık tozlar ayak bileğine geliyordu. Umursamadı. Son cümlelerini yazdı, kâğıt tomarını masanın yanından tertemiz yere bıraktı.

25803

Dürbünüyle ensesini kaşıdı. O adamın gözlerinde küçük cinler vardı. Neşeyle hoplayıp zıpladıklarını ta buradan seçebiliyordu! Ah, tatlılığa bak! Hahaha!Boynundaki ilmekle, gözlerinin içine bakan, hiç korkmayan ama bıkkın, ölümün bile hayatında olup bitenleri değiştirmeyeceğini kabullenmiş bir adamın duruşuna sahipti. Çok yaşlı, kafasında tel tel beyaz saçları, göbeğine uzanan sakallarıyla kurumuş bir ceset. Omuzları çökmek üzereydi, kamburunun ağırlığıyla ipi geriyordu.

Dürümü tekrar gözüne kaldırdı. Dürüm? Hahaha! Evet... evet! Radyoda cellat konuşuyordu.

“...endinizde değişiklik hissederseniz yakınınızdaki güvenlik güçleriyle ileti...”

Ah! Kendisine şöyle baktı. Yok... Aynı ben ya!

Sahneye -Tam bir gösteri! Gösteri!- doğru koşan adamı gördü. Üzerindeki puf puf paltosuyla, orta yaşlarında...

Masanın üzerine fırladı, dizlerinin üstüne çöküp içindeki safrayı pencereden dışarıya kustu. Eliyle ağzını silerken derisinin yapışarak etinden ayrıldığını hissedebiliyor ve o bant sökülürken çıkana benzeyen sesi duyabiliyordu. Cellat konuşmayı bırakmıştı. N’oldu? N’oulduuv?

Yaşlı adamı asmışlardı. Şimdi dik duruyordu, yükü hafiflemişti ama huzurlu olduğunu söyleyemezdiniz.

Diğer adam onları umursamadı, yere eğilip mikrofonun kablosunu tuttu ve ayaklığını devirerek kendisine çekti.

“Tabutun kapağını kaldırdığında yerin altına döne döne ilerleyen o kuyuyu... Tamam... tamam!”

Adamın şakağına inen ilk sopadan çıkan ses odayı doldurdu. Sonrası sessizlik ve ölüm. Ahhh... ahhh...

Hemen bağdaş kurup kaldığı sayfayı buldu. Ne ilham! NE İLHAM!

Son cümlelerini yazıp romanını bitirdi.

34125

Dürbünü öylece dışarıya bırakıverdi. Derisi kemiklerine yapışmış, kaşına kadar her tüyü dökülmüş bir ihtiyarı asıyorlardı. Açıktaki tüm bedeni yaşlılık lekeleriyle doluydu. Bembeyaz sakalı uzun ve temizdi. Dönecek! İpin ucunda! Sağa sola!_Tahta pencereleri kapadı ve -_Ha ha!- fenerin fitilini -Ha ha _ha!- yaktı. Duvardaki gölgeleri beğenmedi ama. Söndürdü. Püf füfüfüf ha ha _ha! Tekrar yaktı. Yine istediği gibi olmasa da iş görürdü.

Radyonun sesini açtı. Evet... Evet açtım! Tiz ve kalın, tanıdık ve yabancı... Burnu kanadı.

“...EN HİÇBİR ŞEYİN SONU YOKTUR! SONU OLAN HİÇBİR ŞEY BİTMİŞ DEĞİLDİR VE BİTEN HİÇBİR ŞEYİN SONU YOKTUR! SONU OLAN HİÇBİR ŞEY...”

Yüzüne döktüğü suyu alttaki tasla toplayıp içtikten sonra -Ha ha _ha! Hazırım, evet hazırım! Romanı bitirelim. Bundan iyisi olamaz! Olamaz! Ha ha!- masasına dönüp kâğıtlarını önüne çekti. Son cümleler ve sonrasında -Özgürüm! Özgürüm!” Radyo yayınına başka, yabancı biri karıştı. Öyle bağırıyordu ki duvarlar titriyordu. Çok yaşlıydı, çok...

“Geldiğimden beri, her gün! Asmayın artık şu adamı! Görmüyor mu...”

Sonra celladın sesi duyuldu. Cılız, uzaktan...

“Bunu da hazırlayın.”

“Evet... evet. Ne olacak, beni de her gün asın a...”

Not: Bu öykü ilk olarak 2019 yılında Esrarengiz Hikâyeler'de yayımlanmıştır.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

A estrutura lógica do livro didático

Todos os livros didáticos e cursos expõem seus conteúdos a partir de uma organização lógica prévia, um esquema de todo o conteúdo que julgam relevante, tudo muito organizadinho em tópicos e subtópicos segundo a ordem lógica que mais se aproxima da ordem natural das coisas. Imagine um sumário de um manual ou livro didático.

A minha experiência é a de que esse método serve muito bem para ninguém entender nada. A organização lógica perfeita de um campo de conhecimento é o resultado final de um estudo, não o seu início. As pessoas que escrevem esses manuais e dão esses cursos, mesmo quando sabem do que estão falando (um acontecimento aparentemente raro), o fazem a partir do seu próprio ponto de vista, atingido após uma vida de dedicação ao assunto (ou então copiando outros manuais e livros didáticos, o que eu chutaria que é o método mais comum).

Para o neófito, a melhor maneira de entender algo é através de imersões em micro-tópicos, sem muita noção da posição daquele tópico na hierarquia geral da ciência.

• Revista Educativa, um exemplo de como não ensinar nada às crianças.
• Zettelkasten, a ordem surgindo do caos, ao invés de temas se encaixando numa ordem preexistentes.

@ 6ad3e2a3:c90b7740

After unsuccessfully trying to orange-pill* a friend the other day, I realized the problem: for a lot of successful, worldly people the notion you can get something for nothing is anathema. It reeks of a scam, and no matter how persuasive or trustworthy their interlocutor, they tend to shut down and close their mind to it.

*To “orange-pill” means to get someone to buy — or at least see the value proposition of — bitcoin.

Put differently, smart people understand risk and reward are inseparable. If someone is telling you this is the opportunity of a lifetime, it probably isn’t. To the extent it has the upside purported, its risk of ruin is no doubt commensurate.

But that is only the case when there is information symmetry. If I tell you the stock market is going to the moon next year, you know there are smart people on the other side of that bet, or else it would be at the moon already. And because they have access to the same information I do, any large way-out-of-the-money call option on the S&P500 is at grave risk of not cashing in. Hence you would be wise to ignore my advice.

But what about when one party to the trade has information the other lacks? For example, Nancy Pelosi has a net worth north of $100 million on her comparatively meager congressional salary, due in large part to trading on insider information. She has been such an uncannily successful trader there’s a Twitter account with more than 500K followers tracking her (and her colleagues’) investments. Surely in the case of her trades, the risk was not commensurate with the rewards.

Another obvious example from history was the Dutch buying the island of Manhattan from the natives for a bunch of tools and beads. The risk and reward to the Dutch were not remotely commensurate due to information asymmetry.

All the time, people cultivate expertise in pricing antiques, collectibles and other items that give them a significant advantage over most market participants and sever the strict relationship between risk and reward that exists in more information-symmetrical environments.

But what all three of those scenarios have in common is the information providing the advantage is essentially a secret. The natives presumably didn’t know how common and easily replaced the tools and trinkets for which they traded Manhattan were. The public doesn’t have access to the information on which Congress is trading. And the layperson lacks the in-depth, niche knowledge of the expert art or antiques dealer.

But the Bitcoin-for-dollars trade happens to be asymmetrical, despite the information being wholly public and hidden in plain sight. The asymmetry comes from one party being sufficiently naive and curious and the other too savvy and close-minded. As a result, many who got into Bitcoin earliest were financial outsiders, novices, nerds and cypherpunks rather than Wall-Street professionals who are accustomed to getting the jump.

The media, gatekept and controlled by the same factions who run the banking system, have only exacerbated this asymmetry, spreading unfounded fear, uncertainty and doubt about bitcoin specifically (It boils the oceans! It’s backed by nothing!) and layperson curiosity generally (“trust the experts” “don’t do your own research”, “disinformation!”) As a result, not only are the professional insiders out, but also those who rely on their expertise to assess investment opportunities, which is why many of the savviest and smartest people are ironically the most difficult to convince.

. . .

Maybe this is what's meant by “The meek shall inherit the earth,” if we use curious and open-minded to stand in for “meek.” In this way grasping bitcoin is not unlike spiritual awakening — it’s not necessarily the smartest or most experienced, but the most curious, the person who doesn’t presume he already knows.

@ 3c984938:2ec11289

A long time ago, a girl resided on a tropical island. The girl's name is Sirena. She resided with her mother in close proximity to the Hagåtña River. Sirena's mother was a bit strict and tried to teach her to follow her in footsteps to be a lady, but Sirena only dreamed of swimming all day.\ \ Sirena's only outlet was when her Godmother would come visit. She always brought surprises, such as new trinkets, stories, and secretly gave her coconut candy.

Sirena's mother was preparing for a special event and needed her to acquire special ingredients from the nearby village. She had a significant amount of preparations to complete, therefore she requested that Sirena procure the necessary ingredients and return promptly. Sirena made a promised to her mother that she would hurry back.\

She was on the village path. She kept her eyes on the trail, trying her best to be a good daughter and hurry back. But she took one glance briefly at the river.

\ She is mesmerized by the water and jumps in before she realizes it. She swims down the river to the ocean, completely forgetting her mother's errand and promise. Sirena does not returned home even after the sun has set and was still swimming. Her mother, frustrated and angry, unleashes a powerful curse. The godmother begged her daughter to calm down. She shouted, "She's swimming again! Look at how late it is! "If you have such a profound love for the ocean, then become a fish," she exclaims to the ocean. Knowing the extent of her daughter's curse. She tries to counteract her daughter's curse. She pleads to the ocean, "Please, let me keep my Goddaughter's heart, please let that much remain."\ \ In the eerie glow of the moonlight, upon realizing her mother's task, she swims back to where the ocean meets the river. But she experiences a strange sensation in her lower half. The water swirls around her. She looks down to see that she has now fins instead of feet. With the new transformation, she regrets not finishing her mother's errand.

Sirena was happy because now she can be in the water all day long. However, Sirena also wished she did what her mother asked and found another way to punish her. A part of her will forever be saddened by the loss of her Mother and Godmother.

It said that sailors have spotted mermaids on their voyage across the sea. Just that their too crafty & swift to be caught.

Historical Notes/context

The story originates from the indigenous island of Guam and has been shared for generations. There are multiple versions of the story. The term Sirena is not present in the Chamorro language; however, in Spanish, it refers to the mythological creature known as the mermaid. The capital of the Island is Hagåtña. The Hagåtña river flows beneath the Spanish Bridge, where it is possible to observe her monument. Many believe Sirena resided here. There is speculation that this story was crafted to frighten children into listening to their parents and not playing in the river's water, as it was a vital water source. This was more prevalent when the Spanish established Guam as a port for whaling, pirates, and trade during the Spanish Galleon trade era(16th century). It should be noted that the women's role in the Chamorro version reflects a matrilineal society, which can be seen with Grandma/Godmother.

👉I like to point out in this, Thomas Edison patented the light bulb in 1879. So visually the lights outside and inside the huts as flames. As Ai(text to image) does not account for these type of items.

👉This also goes back to be careful what you wish for because you may actual get your wish.

👉Chamorro people are Pacific Islanders, similar to Hawaiians, and have a brown/tan skin complexion.\

👉My mermaid looks strikingly similar to the Disney's recent version of Ariel. I Thought that was interesting because I put just "mermaid" into the text prompt. Its worth pointing out ai limitations as it's not advanced as I originally thought, likely due to its limited data. In this case only disney as a reference for mermaid.

based on ordinary prompts\ Prompt used:\ That's all-Thank you until next time (N)osyters!

If you like it, send me some ❤❤hearts❤ and if you didn't like it-⚡⚡🍑🍑zap⚡⚡🍑🍑 me!🍑🍑 me!

For email updates you can subscribe to my paragraph.xyz/\@onigirl or below if using the Yakihonne App

@ 2dd85fbc:39b95d53

What is a crypto broker? All about crypto broker and cryptocurrency and about choosing the best crypto broker amongst all. A crypto broker is a service or platform that acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers of cryptocurrencies. Crypto brokers facilitate the trading of digital assets like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other altcoins, making it easier for individuals and institutions to buy, sell, and trade these currencies. Here’s an overview of what a crypto broker does and the services they provide:

What is a Crypto Broker?

A crypto broker provides a user-friendly interface that simplifies the process of trading cryptocurrencies. Unlike cryptocurrency exchanges, which connect buyers and sellers directly in a decentralized manner, crypto brokers often offer fixed prices and handle the transactions on behalf of the user. This can make the trading process faster and more convenient, especially for beginners.

Key Features of a Crypto Broker:

1. Ease of Use:

2. Crypto brokers offer intuitive platforms that are easy to navigate, making it simple for users to execute trades without needing deep technical knowledge of the underlying blockchain technology.

3. Fixed Prices:

4. Brokers often provide fixed prices for cryptocurrencies, which can be advantageous during periods of high market volatility. This means you know exactly what price you will pay or receive for a transaction.

5. Customer Support:

6. Many crypto brokers offer robust customer support services to help users with account issues, transaction queries, and technical problems.

7. Educational Resources:

8. Crypto brokers often provide educational materials, such as tutorials, articles, and webinars, to help users understand the market and improve their trading skills.

9. Additional Services:

10. Some brokers offer additional services like margin trading, portfolio management, and automated trading features.

Benefits of Using a Crypto Broker:

• Convenience: Using a crypto broker simplifies the trading process, making it accessible even for those new to cryptocurrencies.

• Speed: Transactions can be executed quickly since the broker manages the trading process.

• Security: Reputable crypto brokers implement robust security measures to protect user funds and personal information.

• Support: Dedicated customer service can assist with any issues or questions, providing a smoother trading experience.

How to Choose a Crypto Broker:

1. Regulation:

2. Ensure the broker is regulated by reputable financial authorities, which adds a layer of security and trust.

3. Fees:

4. Compare the fees charged by different brokers, including trading fees, withdrawal fees, and any other associated costs.

5. Reputation:

6. Look for brokers with positive reviews and a good track record in the industry.

7. Range of Services:

8. Consider what additional features and services the broker offers, such as educational resources, advanced trading tools, and customer support.

In summary, a [crypto broker]() is a valuable intermediary that simplifies the process of buying, selling, and trading cryptocurrencies, offering a range of services designed to cater to both novice and experienced traders.

@ b60c3e76:c9d0f46e

Deklarasi Menteri disahkan di akhir Pertemuan Tingkat Menteri World Water Forum ke-10 yang dihadiri oleh 106 negara dan 27 organisasi Internasional, Selasa (21/5/2024).

Hasil tersebut diungkap Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) yang juga Ketua Harian Panitia Nasional Penyelenggara World Water Forum ke-10 Basuki Hadimuljono di Media Center World Water Forum ke-10 di Bali Nusa Dua Convention Center (BNDCC), Selasa (21/5/2024).

Pertama, pendirian center of excellence untuk ketahanan air dan iklim guna mengembangkan kapasitas, knowledge sharing & pemanfaatan fasilitas yang unggul.

“Sebagai negara kepulauan, Indonesia wajib berada di garda terdepan untuk mendorong inovasi dalam pengelolaan air dan sanitasi. Center of excellence ini bukan hanya untuk negara Indonesia, tapi juga untuk negara lainnya di Asia Pasifik,” kata Basuki.

Sejak November 2023, katanya, sudah dilakukan pembahasan deklarasi dalam tiga mekanisme di Markas Besar UNESCO Paris. Dalam deklarasi tersebut, Indonesia mengusung tiga prioritas.

Presiden World Water Council (WWC) Loic Fauchon pun dikatakan Basuki menegaskan bahwa semua proses tersebut adalah diplomatic victory (kemenangan diplomasi) bagi Indonesia.

Poin kedua dari Deklarasi Menteri adalah mengangkat dan mendorong isu pengelolaan sumber daya air secara terpadu pada pulau-pulau kecil. Meskipun dikelilingi perairan yang luas, Indonesia tetap memerlukan sistem kelola yang baik untuk mengatasi tantangan kualitas dan ketersediaan air bersih.

Ketiga, pengusulan Hari Danau Sedunia atau World Lake Day. Danau merupakan sumber pasokan air yang menghidupi manusia sekaligus memiliki fungsi sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Peringatan Hari Danau Sedunia tidak sekadar simbolis, namun sebagai salah satu kunci utama untuk menjaga kelestarian danau di seluruh dunia.

“Kita harus menjaga danau untuk memperpanjang hidupnya, inilah gunanya peringatan Hari Danau Sedunia,” ujar Basuki.

Ditambahkan Ketua Harian Panitia Nasional Penyelenggara World Water Forum ke-10 Basuki Hadimuljono, dalam penyelenggaraan World Water Forum ke-10 di Bali, ada tiga hal yang membedakan World Water Forum ke-10 dengan penyelenggaraan-penyelenggaraan sebelumnya.

Pertama, baru kali ini pertemuan World Water Forum menyelenggarakan konferensi tingkat tinggi (KTT), yang dibuka oleh Presiden Republik Indonesia Joko Widodo, Senin (20/5/2024).

Kedua, untuk yang kali pertama World Water Forum menghasilkan deklarasi menteri. ”Selain Deklarasi Menteri, salah satu yang menjadi capaian pada forum ini adalah berhasilnya Indonesia menyusun daftar proyek terkait air yang menjadi andalan dari berbagai negara,” kata Basuki.

Ketiga, berhasilnya Indonesia menyusun daftar proyek terkait air yang menjadi andalan dari berbagai negara. sebanyak 113 proyek senilai US$9,4 miliar, antara lain proyek percepatan penyediaan air minum bagi 3 juta rumah tangga dan proyek pengelolaan air limbah domestik bagi 300 ribu rumah tangga. Berbagai proyek ini akan sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat di berbagai negara.

Ditambahkan oleh Menteri Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi (Menko Marves) Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan tamu World Water Forum terkesan dengan penyelenggaraan World Water Forum ke-10 oleh Indonesia.

“Pimpinan negara yang mengunjungi Tahura juga menyatakan kekagumannya dengan kemajuan Indonesia. Presiden Fiji bahkan menyatakan jika ia tidak percaya jika tidak menyaksikan secara langsung kemajuan Indonesia saat ini,” kata Luhut.

Penulis: Elvira Inda Sari Redaktur: Taofiq Rauf/Elvira Inda Sari Sumber: Indonesia.go.id

@ dd664d5e:5633d319

Good Friday

Today is a very good day.

But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that made us whole, and with his stripes we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is dumb, so he opened not his mouth.

-- Isaiah 53:5-7, New Testament, Bible https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/daily-readings/2024-03-29

@ a012dc82:6458a70d

Table Of Content

• Content

• Conclusion

• FAQ

• You May Also Like

• External Links

Every financial transaction has some degree of uncertainty. Even risk-free investments may lose money, while holding onto cash causes its purchasing power to depreciate over time due to inflation. While it is impossible to completely avoid risk while investing, it is possible to tailor one's exposure to better suit one's specific objectives.

These characteristics of risk are significantly affected by the ideas of asset allocation and diversification. It's likely that even if you're just starting out in the world of investing, you'll already be acquainted with the basic concepts.

This essay will give a high-level overview of these ideas and talk about how they relate to how financial management is done today.

What are asset allocation and diversification?

The concepts of asset allocation and diversification are frequently used interchangeably but have distinct meanings. Nonetheless, they might mean somewhat different things in the context of risk management.

The term "asset allocation" may be used to describe a kind of financial management plan that specifies the breakdown of investment funds among several asset categories. The deployment of funds among these asset groups is an example of diversification.

The primary goal of such approaches is to maximize anticipated returns while avoiding risk. The investor's investment horizon, level of comfort with risk, and the state of the economy at large are all factors that should be taken into account.

Not placing all of one's financial eggs in one basket is the core principle of asset allocation and diversification techniques. The best way to make a diversified portfolio is to put together different asset classes and assets that don't go together.

The fact that risk is spread out not only across asset classes but also within them makes these two methods work well together.

Experts disagree about which is more important: picking individual assets or making a plan for how to divide up assets.

Modern Portfolio Theory

The theoretical framework known as Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) uses arithmetic to formally establish these guidelines. The economist Harry Markowitz, who won the Nobel Prize, first explained the idea in a paper he published in 1952.

Changes in the major asset classes are often distinct from one another. When one kind of asset class does well in a given market environment, another type of asset class may do badly. The main assumption is that gains from higher-performing asset classes may offset losses from asset classes that are underperforming.

The multi-asset portfolio theory (MPT) proposes that portfolio volatility may be lowered by including assets from several unrelated asset classes in the portfolio. As a result, the returns from a portfolio taking the same level of risk should improve. In addition, it presumes that any reasonable investor would choose the lower-risk option between two portfolios with equivalent returns.

The efficient portfolio hypothesis, or MPT, says that it is best to mix assets that don't have a strong relationship with each other.

Types of asset classes and allocation strategies

For the purposes of a common asset allocation scheme, assets can be divided into the following groups:

Cash, bonds, and stocks are examples of classic investments.

Alternative assets are things like real estate, commodities, derivatives, insurance policies, private equity, and cryptocurrencies.

It is generally accepted that strategic asset allocation and tactical asset allocation are the two most important forms of asset allocation techniques and that both make use of the assumptions presented in modern portfolio theory.

When it comes to investing, many people believe that the tried-and-true method of strategic asset allocation is best for those who want a more hands-off approach. The only time this strategy-based portfolio will be rebalanced is if the investor's time horizon or risk tolerance changes.

Active investors are better suited to tactical asset allocation. That way, they may put more of their money into things that are currently doing better than the market. It is assumed that a sector that has been doing better than the market for some time will likely continue to do so. Being founded on the same MPT principles as the rest of the system, it too permits a measure of variation.

For diversification to work, it is not necessary for assets to be totally uncorrelated or negatively correlated with one another. All that is needed is for them to have some degree of correlation that is not 100%.

Applying asset allocation and diversification to a portfolio

Let's think about these guidelines by analyzing a sample investment portfolio. The following distributions of assets could be deemed appropriate for a portfolio based on an asset allocation strategy:

• 40 percent was allocated to stock holdings.

• Bonds at the 30% level

• Twenty percent of crypto assets

• 10% in cold, hard cash

For example, a diversification plan may require that of the 20% allocated to cryptoassets:

• Bitcoin should get 70% of the budget.

• Allocate 15% to the large-cap sector.

• 10% to small and medium-sized companies

• 5 percent to microcaps

Once the allocations have been made, the portfolio's progress may be tracked and evaluated on a regular basis. It may be necessary to rebalance the portfolio, which involves purchasing and selling assets in order to restore the original allocations, if they change. As a rule, this entails purchasing low-performing stocks and selling high-performing ones. The assets chosen are entirely at the discretion of the investor and their investing plan and objectives.

If you're looking for high volatility, look no further than cryptoassets. There is a large amount of cryptoassets in this portfolio; therefore, it may be deemed very hazardous. Someone who is afraid of losing their money would want to put more of their money into bonds or any other low-risk investment.

Check out Binance Research's Portfolio Management Series #1: Exploring the Diversification Advantages of Bitcoin for more information on Bitcoin's possible role in a diversified portfolio with many different types of assets.

Diversification within a cryptoasset portfolio

Although in theory these strategies might be used in a crypto asset portfolio, you should take their specifics with a grain of salt. Most of the cryptocurrency market's value follows Bitcoin's price closely. Because of this, diversification becomes an impossible endeavor: how can one produce a portfolio of diverse, low-correlated assets out of a portfolio of similar, highly-correlated assets?

There are occasions when some cryptocurrencies will have a lower connection with Bitcoin than usual, and astute traders may take advantage of this. But in the long run, these methods don't tend to work as well as their counterparts in more traditional markets.

It's reasonable to assume that a more methodical approach to diversification within a cryptoasset portfolio will be possible as the market develops. The markets still have a long way to go before reaching that point.

Problems with asset allocation

Even though it's clear that asset allocation works, not every investor or portfolio can benefit from every strategy.

Asset allocation strategies may be easily formulated, but successful execution is what really matters. The success of the portfolio might be hampered if the investor cannot overcome their own prejudices.

In addition, it might be challenging to predict an investor's level of comfort with risk. After a certain amount of time has passed, the investor may have a better idea of how much risk they are willing to take.

Conclusion

Concepts like asset allocation and diversification have been around for millennia, and they are essential for effective risk management. They are also an essential part of cutting-edge approaches to portfolio management. To maximize predicted returns while limiting risk, an asset allocation strategy is developed. The performance of a portfolio may improve if the risk is spread among different investment types. Due to the high degree of correlation between Bitcoin and the markets, asset allocation methodologies should be used with caution in cryptoasset portfolios.

FAQs

What are asset allocation and diversification? Diversification is the process of distributing your money across different types of investments within the broad categories of stocks, bonds, and cash that make up your portfolio.

What is the best way to implement asset allocation and diversification? The best portfolios include both broad and deep diversification across asset classes. Spreading your assets within each asset category is just as important as spreading them among stocks, bonds, cash equivalents, and other asset classes.

In what ways might an asset allocation be described? Allocating your investments across various assets, such as stocks, bonds, and cash, is called asset allocation. Asset allocation is a subjective choice. The optimal allocation changes over time as your investment horizon, risk tolerance, and other factors change.

If you want more, be sure to follow us on:

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DISCLAIMER: None of this is financial advice. This newsletter is strictly educational and is not investment advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any assets or to make any financial decisions. Please be careful and do your own research.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Boardthreads

This was a very badly done service for turning a Trello list into a helpdesk UI.

Surprisingly, it had more paying users than Websites For Trello, which I was working on simultaneously and dedicating much more time to it.

The Neo4j database I used for this was a very poor choice, it was probably the cause of all the bugs.

-https://github.com/fiatjaf/boardthreads

@ 46fcbe30:6bd8ce4d

Opinion about Phoenix - LN Bitcoin wallet (android)

Phoenix is one of my favorite wallets. It makes using Bitcoin really easy but at a price. The wallet lets you send and receive both over the lightning network and on-chain without jumping through hoops, first but at the cost of either kind of hidden fees or unexpected on-chain fees.

To my understanding, when you receive on-chain funds, the wallet does yet another on-chain transaction to get these funds onto lightning and when you send via lightning, you pay an extra 0.4% to the provider. This 0.4% fee is not capped in any way, so while you can send $1000 via lightning, that will cost you $4 even when on-chain transactions would have cost just $1.

As of writing this opinion, the wallet is not reproducible which is a red flag to updating to this version but the provider hopefully will fix that soon as they are an OG player in the space.

WalletScrutiny #nostrOpinion

Join the conversation!

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

Previously, I wrote about my concerns surrounding the Keynesian Beauty Contest nature of Stacker News: https://stacker.news/items/473181/r/Undisciplined. Check that out for context.

Now, I'd like to add some thoughts about why I'm hopeful that we can sustain a culture of authenticity in the face of the perverse incentives those contests have.

Repeated games are different

The most important element that I didn't touch on in the previous post is that most of us don't just use Stacker News once and abscond with our rewards. We come back over and over again.

That matters for the incentives because we aren't just guessing today's beauty contest winner, we're signaling who tomorrow's contestants should be. If you're zapping posts that you don't like, just because you expect them to do well, then you're going to have more posts like that to look at in the future and fewer of the ones you do want to look at.

Eventually, I imagine inauthentic zappers will lose interest in a site that only offers content that's valuable to other people.

Authenticity optimizes global trust

Our votes in this beauty contest are weighted by our global trust score, which is something like our propensity to zap content that is valued by others. It's based on our individual trust scores with every other stacker, though, and this is what got me thinking about this post.

When you zap inauthentically, you may get more rewards today, but you are also increasing the trust scores of those who also zap that way and decreasing the scores of those who share your authentic preferences.

Alternatively, if you zap authentically, then you will elevate those who share your preferences and give more weight to their votes in the future. This incentivizes such people to be on Stacker News at all.

TLDR

Long-term, being authentic actually maximizes your voting power on Stacker News and will result in being maximally rewarded for zapping your favorite content.

That's in addition to the direct effect of incentivizing people to make more content that you like.

Zap true and Stacker News will become the place you want it to be.

Some other posts about using SN well

(Just hover over links to see the post titles)

From me https://stacker.news/items/287074/r/Undisciplined https://stacker.news/items/523858/r/Undisciplined https://stacker.news/items/488525/r/Undisciplined

From @Natalia https://stacker.news/items/252695 https://stacker.news/items/392551

From @cryotosensei https://stacker.news/items/400068/r/Undisciplined https://stacker.news/items/444755/r/Undisciplined https://stacker.news/items/393176/r/Undisciplined

As always, zap well.

@ 1739d937:3e3136ef

"Gossip", "Outbox", "Inbox", "Blastr", "Small relays vs Big relays". You've probably seen most of these topics come up in conversations and memes recently. You might have even read nostr:nprofile1qqsf03c2gsmx5ef4c9zmxvlew04gdh7u94afnknp33qvv3c94kvwxgsm3u0w6's article (nostr:naddr1qq2hxenh2cchynnpdag4sepkx4gxyj2dt9nk6q3qjlrs53pkdfjnts29kveljul2sm0actt6n8dxrrzqcersttvcuv3qxpqqqp65wd3a9ny), or nostr:nprofile1qqswuyd9ml6qcxd92h6pleptfrcqucvvjy39vg4wx7mv9wm8kakyujgua442w's very technical article (nostr:naddr1qqxnzde3xycngdpjxg6nqdfsqgswuyd9ml6qcxd92h6pleptfrcqucvvjy39vg4wx7mv9wm8kakyujgrqsqqqa28906usv), or maybe even nostr:nprofile1qqsrhuxx8l9ex335q7he0f09aej04zpazpl0ne2cgukyawd24mayt8g2lcy6q's one with the clickbaity title (nostr:naddr1qvzqqqr4gupzqwlsccluhy6xxsr6l9a9uhhxf75g85g8a709tprjcn4e42h053vaqydhwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnhv4ehgetjde38gcewvdhk6tcprfmhxue69uhhq7tjv9kkjepwve5kzar2v9nzucm0d5hsz9mhwden5te0wfjkccte9ehx7um5wghxyctwvshsqzpcxasnyvpcvsusgpcqx3).

These are all great, and you should go and read them too. But one thing that each of them is guilty of is assuming that the audience has enough context to jump into the middle of a very nuanced and technical discussion. I've yet to see a clear description of what Gossip or Outbox really are and certainly none that are written in a way that is approachable for a non-technical audience. I hope this article can give you that context and serve as a high-level overview of the discussion and the technologies involved so that you can go forth to create better, more informed memes (is there anything more important, really?) and join the discussion in a productive way.

The problems

Centralization is the default

First off, why are we even talking about relays? Most of know that nostr is a protocol which is designed to be decentralized from the ground up. That decentralization is due in large part to the fact that users read and write data to multiple relays by default. So instead of all your data going to a centralized database (usually owned and operated by a single company) with nostr you have the ability to send your data to as as many relays as you'd like (relays are just databases, after all). Likewise, you can read other people's data from as many relays as you'd like to. Decentralized design = decentralized system, right!? Well, turns out, no.

The problem with a design like this is that what can be done and what will be done are often very different things. Imagine the following scenario: You follow 1000 people; 700 of them post their notes to the Primal relay, the other 300 post their notes to the Damus relay. If you don't also write your content to those two relays, the people that you care about won't see your content, they won't see your replies to their notes, they won't even know you exist. So while; in practice, it's easy to read & write to many different relays, users and their content will tend to centralize because it's the path of least resistance to a good user experience. Network effects and economies of scale always apply, they just don't always lead to the outcomes that you want.

Before you start to panic, this sort of centralization isn't a huge issue just yet. We are still a nascent network and there are still hundreds of active relays out there. Almost all nostr clients make relay selection a first class citizen and don't default new users to a single relay. The fact that we're even having this conversation in a serious way at this stage is a great sign that the community cares enough to be proactive about maintaining (and improving) decentralization over time.

That said, this is not a issue that we can take lightly either. The top 5-10 relays do already have an outsized percentage of users and we have many examples of these centralizing tendencies across dozens of protocols and networks over the last 30 years, so the threat is real.

The status quo is wasteful

The other major issue is that currently most nostr clients are extremely wasteful in how they fetch data. The default is to simply get everything from all the relays a user wants to connect to. Because most of us are writing the same data to many relays, this leads to huge amounts of duplicated data being downloaded, having its signatures verified, and then (for the most part) thrown away. For those of us with latest generation smartphones, unlimited data, and a working power outlet nearby, this is fine. For everyone else, this is a major roadblock to adopting nostr.

A lightly technical aside

There are a few important features of nostr that make any sort of intelligent data fetching possible. To understand how any of the potential solutions to the aforementioned problems would actually work, it's important to have a baseline understanding of these technical details. I promise, I'll keep it high level.

Relay lists

Recently the concept of a Relay List Metadata has been introduced to the spec in NIP-65 (there are also other types of relay lists documented in NIP-51). This is a nostr list event where users publish their preferred relays with a marker that says whether the relay is for read-only, write-only, or read & write. This vastly simplifies the process of finding preferred user relays for clients and I imagine that this will become the de facto standard place to look for a user's preferred relays.

NIP-05

The NIP-05 spec also documents a way for users to signal their preferred relays. However, unlike the NIP-65 relay list, this is a simple list of relays without any details on whether the user reads or writes to those relays.

Tag markers

Tag markers are positional elements in tags that give the client publishing the event the ability to leave a hint as to which relay other clients can expect to find a given user or note that is being referenced.

For example, in a user's contact list (a kind: 3 event) you have many "p" tags to reference all the user's that are followed. These tags look like this:

{ "kind": 3, "tags": [ ["p", "91cf9..4e5ca", "wss://alicerelay.com/", "alice"], ["p", "14aeb..8dad4", "wss://bobrelay.com/nostr"], ["p", "612ae..e610f"] ], "content": "", ...other fields }

All three of these "p" tags are valid (only the "p" and the user's pubkey are required), in the first and second you can see the third item is a relay where the user's events can be found.

These types of tag markers are repeated all throughout nostr. Here's a few more example references for an event (in this case a long-form article):

``` ["e", "b3e392b11f5d4f28321cedd09303a748acfd0487aea5a7450b3481c60b6e4f87", "wss://relay.example.com"],

["a", "30023:a695f6b60119d9521934a691347d9f78e8770b56da16bb255ee286ddf9fda919:ipsum", "wss://relay.nostr.org"] ```

As you can imagine, these hints can be very helpful but only if clients actually attempt to fetch the content from the referenced relay.

The solutions?

Now that you understand the problem space a bit better let's define those terms we started with.

Blastr

Blastr was created by nostr:nprofile1qqs9hejyd252x8q3kw6980ud4lymx3hlx2x3lgg6p7sz58nyv8m2nvgdswkeh and nostr:nprofile1qqswrlemlh2wgqc4jkds3d8ueqj9a2j3gcm7r48v9tskdd6rxsd7rtcpwpuwc from Mutiny and isn't a relay. Instead, Blastr is a proxy (i.e. it looks like a relay to clients) that ingests any event sent to it and, in turn, sends those events to EVERY online relay on the network. It's a mass re-broadcaster for events that can be helpful to get your data pushed out to as many relays (and thus users) as possible. The drawback, of course, is that this is tremendously wasteful from a bandwidth and storage perspective.

Gossip (in 3 flavors)

This is by far the most confusing part for most people when watching the memes of the last few weeks fly by and I've seen a lot of confused takes out there. Most of the confusion stems from the multiplicity of definitions of what the "gossip model" actually is. Let's go through the options. 1. Gossip protocols: This is a general concept more than a specific implementation. Gossip protocols are protocols that attempt to spread information around a network in a uniform way. For example, Bitcoin nodes use a variation of the gossip protocol to make sure that transactions end up in as many mempools as possible. This is important in computing when you want to reach consensus or when all nodes in a network need to have the same information in order to operate the network. Since nostr doesn't have any consensus rules or shared compute, it's somewhat pointless to try and make sure all events are propagated to all relays (hence the limited usefulness of Blastr). 2. The Gossip client from nostr:nprofile1qqswuyd9ml6qcxd92h6pleptfrcqucvvjy39vg4wx7mv9wm8kakyujgua442w : This is a nostr client that was built from the ground up to try and use relays and relay hints in events to the fullest to keep things as decentralized as possible while being efficient in how much data it was fetching. Mike has a great (slightly outdated and very technical) video that talks about his motivation behind building Gossip in the way he did. It's worth a watch. video link 3. Gossip model: This is what people are usually referring to when they are talking about relays on nostr. The Gossip model is a loose, catch-all term used to refer to all the ways in which clients attempt to understand which relays they should read & write to for a given user. Again, this isn't really a specific spec or implementation but encompasses many different strategies. This vagueness inherent in the term makes discussions about the "gossip model" pretty imprecise and prone to misunderstanding.

Don't gossip

To be clear: You really shoud not be thinking about or talking about any of this as the "gossip model" since that definition is so abstract as to be unusable. Which brings us finally to the real topic being discussed at the moment among devs; the Outbox model.

Outbox/Inbox model

This is the real topic of conversation right now: How should client developers build relay discovery and selection features into their apps. As we already talked about, if left alone, it's likely that we'd unintentionally centralize most of nostr onto a few huge relays. So making sure that we encourage (and build sensible defaults) to help client developers to treat relay discovery and selection properly is really critical.

Right now, the discussion centers around one main approach, called the "Outbox model". There is also an "Inbox model" which is a still just a high level idea which I'll mention below but it's not being implemented yet (as of late March 2024). 1. The "Outbox model": This strategy looks at what relays users are using to publish their events (from relay lists and tag markers) and then uses an algorithm to decide how to fetch all the needed events from the array of relays. Different implementations can use different algorithms to select relays. For example, one implementation might optimize fetching events from the smallest number of relays (favoring large relays), while another might optimize for fetching from the relays that have the smallest user overlap (favoring small relays). 2. The "Inbox model": As you can imagine, this strategy flips the outbox model on it's head. It's so far just an idea (proposed by nostr:nprofile1qqs8nsk2uy2w529fs8n4tx60u7z553e4yx5dy2nxhw4elgjgawpqlas9waufq) and a draft NIP but the idea is that when your client posts on your behalf, it will loop over your entire follow list, making a list of the relays that each of your followers uses to read events. Then the client will publish your event to all of those relays. If all clients followed this paradigm, then each of us would only have to read from a single relay. To quote nostr:nprofile1qqs8nsk2uy2w529fs8n4tx60u7z553e4yx5dy2nxhw4elgjgawpqlas9waufq 's original post, "This doesn't take away from the outbox approach, and maybe should even be used together instead of as a replacement. But my point is that clients should be trying harder to deliver posts instead of just fetch posts. Because it benefits users when their posts can be seen."

Why the Outbox model has broad support

To understand why implementing an Outbox model is so powerful at solveing the problems laid out at the beginning of this article, you can do two quick thought experiments:

A user banned from all other relays

Imagine a user who's content is banned from all public relays for some reason. Instead, they have to run their own relay and publish their events there. With a simple "follow the major relays model" (or even with Blastr attempting to copy and paste their events to every other relay) this user is completely invisible to the network. User's would have to know about the banned user's private relay and select that relay in each client they use. What's more, if that relay ever had to change URL (likely for a user that is banned so broadly), all user's would need to know what the new URL is in order to change relays and fetch events from the new location.

With Outbox however, clients will see that their user's follow this user, will then look up this user's relay list, and will know where they need to go to fetch their events. It becomes much more difficult for relays to censor or block users with an Outbox model in place

Duplicate event fetching

We talked earlier about how many nostr clients often fetch the same data many times, just to throw that data away. Even using the simplest algorithms with an Outbox model, you can significantly reduce the amount of duplicate data you're fetching from relays. We, as users, would all also need to specific many fewer relays in our relay lists but would still be quite sure our clients would be able to find all the content we want to see.

Wrapping up

Hopefully this has given you a better overall understanding of what folks are talking about when they refer to Gossip (remember: don't refer to it this way) or Outbox (outbox, yay!) and why we need to be proactive about maintaining the decentralization of nostr.

@ c48e29f0:26e14c11

A Harvard economist published 100+ pages of survey analysis to confirm what anyone outside of the fiat academic bubble already knows: people don't like it when the stored value of their time+energy is inflated into oblivion.

You can access the full report here for anyone interested: https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w32300/w32300.pdf

One quote from the Abstract really jumped out at me: "The predominant reason for people’s aversion to inflation is the widespread belief that it diminishes their buying power."

Well, yeah, no shit... But this isn't a "belief"... this is a fact.

Here's the thing: the average person understands the problem, because they feel the effects of the problem every single day...

They may not understand the root cause of the problem (creating money out of thin air)--instead blaming "greedy corporations" or "Joe Biden" or "Putin's Price Hike" or whatever the propaganda du jour happens to be--but they know inflation feels wrong. It feels like someone is stealing from them (which is true).

They know their purchasing power has decreased, because when they spend a dollar today it buys less than it did five years ago, and much less than it did 20 years ago.

It doesn't matter if fiat academics tell them "everything is fine! stop complaining! inflation is ackshually a good thing!"

People can feel that something is broken.

Most people still think there is a partisan/political solution to the problems they feel.

They think "if only OUR guy was in charge, things would be better" or "if only we taxed the greedy corporations and the rich more, then things would be better."

But political solutions will always be bandaids meant to superficially treat the symptoms of the disease so the Political Team proposing the "solution" can score short-term perceived wins ahead of the next election. "Look, we did something! Now stop complaining and vote for us because the other guy is literally the devil."

A few people already realize that the money itself is broken.

They understand that when the money breaks, society breaks with it.

Money created out of thin air disproportionally enriches those closest to the creation of the new money.

Money created out of thin air is used to fund Forever Wars we never agreed to enter.

Money created out of thin air is used to subsidize companies/industries that the free market does not value, distorting price signals.

Money created out of thin air bails out banks.

Money created out of thin air perpetuates never-ending boom and bust cycles.

Money created out of thin air reduces the purchasing power of the money in your pocket.

Money created out of thin air steals the value of your time and energy, of your life itself.

The people who realize the money is broken now save the value of their time and energy in Bitcoin; a money separate from the State with a fixed supply of 21M which cannot be arbitrarily inflated.

Bitcoiners know we need to cure the base layer disease, not just treat the symptoms while politicians kick a can full of worthless money down the road until it lands at the feet of our children.

Bitcoiners refuse to abdicate responsibility. Bitcoiners refuse to pass this disease on to our children. Fiat is the disease, and we know we must cure it.

It will not be easy, but it must be done.

We need to fix the money.

Study Bitcoin. https://bitcoinpodcast.net https://primal.net/walker

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Channels without HTLCs

HTLCs below the dust limit are not possible, because they're uneconomical.

So currently whenever a payment below the dust limit is to be made Lightning peers adjust their commitment transactions to pay that amount as fees in case the channel is closed. That's a form of reserving that amount and incentivizing peers to resolve the payment, either successfully (in case it goes to the receiving node's balance) or not (it then goes back to the sender's balance).

SOLUTION

I didn't think too much about if it is possible to do what I think can be done in the current implementation on Lightning channels, but in the context of Eltoo it seems possible.

Eltoo channels have UPDATE transactions that can be published to the blockchain and SETTLEMENT transactions that spend them (after a relative time) to each peer. The barebones script for UPDATE transactions is something like (copied from the paper, because I don't understand these things):

OP_IF # to spend from a settlement transaction (presigned) 10 OP_CSV 2 As,i Bs,i 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ELSE # to spend from a future update transaction <Si+1> OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY 2 Au Bu 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ENDIF

During a payment of 1 satoshi it could be updated to something like (I'll probably get this thing completely wrong):

OP_HASH256 <payment_hash> OP_EQUAL OP_IF # for B to spend from settlement transaction 1 in case the payment went through # and they have a preimage 10 OP_CSV 2 As,i1 Bs,i1 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ELSE OP_IF # for A to spend from settlement transaction 2 in case the payment didn't went through # and the other peer is uncooperative <now + 1day> OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY 2 As,i2 Bs,i2 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ELSE # to spend from a future update transaction <Si+1> OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY 2 Au Bu 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY OP_ENDIF OP_ENDIF

Then peers would have two presigned SETTLEMENT transactions, 1 and 2 (with different signature pairs, as badly shown in the script). On SETTLEMENT 1, funds are, say, 999sat for A and 1001sat for B, while on SETTLEMENT 2 funds are 1000sat for A and 1000sat for B.

As soon as B gets the preimage from the next peer in the route it can give it to A and them can sign a new UPDATE transaction that replaces the above gimmick with something simpler without hashes involved.

If the preimage doesn't come in viable time, peers can agree to make a new UPDATE transaction anyway. Otherwise A will have to close the channel, which may be bad, but B wasn't a good peer anyway.

@ 3bf0c63f:aefa459d

Criteria for activating Drivechain on Bitcoin

Drivechain is, in essence, just a way to give Bitcoin users the option to deposit their coins in a hashrate escrow. If Bitcoin is about coin ownership, in theory there should be no objection from anyone on users having the option to do that: my keys, my coins etc. In other words: even if you think hashrate escrows are a terrible idea and miners will steal all coins from that, you shouldn't care about what other people do with their own money.

There are only two reasonable objections that could be raised by normal Bitcoin users against Drivechain:

1. Drivechain adds code complexity to bitcoind
2. Drivechain perverts miner incentives of the Bitcoin chain

If these two objections can be reasonably answered there remains no reason for not activating the Drivechain soft-fork.

1

To address 1 we can just take a look at the code once it's done (which I haven't) but from my understanding the extra validation steps needed for ensuring hashrate escrows work are very minimal and self-contained, they shouldn't affect anything else and the risks of introducing some catastrophic bug are roughly zero (or the same as the risks of any of the dozens of refactors that happen every week on Bitcoin Core).

For the BMM/BIP-301 part, again the surface is very small, but we arguably do not need that at all, since anyprevout (once that is merged) enables blind merge-mining in way that is probably better than BIP-301, and that soft-fork is also very simple, plus already loved and accepted by most of the Bitcoin community, implemented and reviewed on Bitcoin Inquisition and is live on the official Bitcoin Core signet.

2

To address 2 we must only point that BMM ensures that Bitcoin miners don't have to do any extra work to earn basically all the fees that would come from the sidechain, as competition for mining sidechain blocks would bid the fee paid to Bitcoin miners up to the maximum economical amount. It is irrelevant if there is MEV on the sidechain or not, everything that reaches the Bitcoin chain does that in form of fees paid in a single high-fee transaction paid to any Bitcoin miner, regardless of them knowing about the sidechain or not. Therefore, there are no centralization pressure or pervert mining incentives that can affect Bitcoin land.

Sometimes it's argued that Drivechain may facilitate the ocurrence of a transaction paying a fee so high it would create incentives for reorging the Bitcoin chain. There is no reason to believe Drivechain would make this more likely than an actual attack than anyone can already do today or, as has happened, some rich person typing numbers wrong on his wallet. In fact, if a drivechain is consistently paying high fees on its BMM transactions that is an incentive for Bitcoin miners to keep mining those transactions one after the other and not harm the users of sidechain by reorging Bitcoin.

Moreover, there are many factors that exist today that can be seen as centralization vectors for Bitcoin mining: arguably one of them is non-blind merge mining, of which we have a (very convoluted) example on the Stacks shitcoin, and introducing the possibility of blind merge-mining on Bitcoin would basically remove any reasonable argument for having such schemes, therefore reducing the centralizing factor of them.

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

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