@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

A new study by Kraken reveals how cryptocurrency investors perceive security as the main challenge in self-managing their digital assets.

According to The Block, a recent survey conducted by crypto exchange Kraken found that nearly half of respondents consider themselves the primary risk factor for their own crypto security. The research, which surveyed 789 participants, highlights that 48% of users see their own actions as the greatest threat to their investments in digital assets, surpassing concerns about external theft or fraud.

Kraken’s report underlines how personal responsibility in security management forces users to take full control of their digital funds. However, the study suggests that this autonomy can also become a source of anxiety for many investors.

Nick Percoco, Chief Security Officer at Kraken, commented on the findings, noting that “a lack of confidence in personal crypto security is capping the growth of the industry.” According to Percoco, unlocking the full potential of cryptocurrencies will require users to embrace self-custody and consistently invest in strong security habits.

Technologies to strengthen security

Despite the concerns highlighted in the study, 31% of participants expressed optimism about future technologies that could improve crypto security. Among the most promising solutions identified:

• advanced biometric systems for user authentication;
• multi-factor authentication to secure wallet access;
• AI-based fraud detection systems to prevent attacks.

Data and case studies

Kraken’s research emerges in a context where security threats remain a pressing reality. FBI data shows that in 2024, nearly 150,000 reports of crypto-related internet fraud resulted in $9.3 billion in losses. Older users, particularly those over 60, proved especially vulnerable, accounting for $3 billion in crypto-related financial fraud losses on their own.

The post Kraken study: 48% of users fear themselves in managing and securing their funds appeared first on Atlas21.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Carl Rickertsen completely exits his position in Strategy as insiders sell $864 million worth of stock.

As reported by Protos, Carl Rickertsen, a member of Strategy’s board of directors, has fully liquidated his entire shareholding for over $10 million.

Rickertsen’s decision to completely exit his Strategy position marks a sharp shift from his previous investment stance. In 2022, the executive had shown confidence in the company by investing $700,000 in MSTR shares.

On June 13, 2022, Rickertsen purchased $608,000 worth of MSTR stock at $152 per share. Since then, the stock has rallied 152%. However, by 2023, the director had already sold half of his 4,000-share position.

Rickertsen’s approach to managing his holdings has become increasingly aggressive in recent years. Since joining the board in 2019, he has adopted a strategy of immediately liquidating any stock options received.

One example of this tactic occurred on June 2, when he acquired and sold 26,390 MSTR shares on the same day.

As of June 5 this year, Rickertsen reported zero vested Strategy shares, marking the end of his equity involvement with the company.

Rickertsen’s situation is not an isolated case within Strategy. Data from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reveals a controversial picture. According to information gathered by secform4.com, over the past five years, total insider sales have exceeded purchases by $864 million. This imbalance in insider transactions could raise questions about executives’ confidence in the company’s future.

The post Strategy director liquidates all his MSTR shares appeared first on Atlas21.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The Thai government has eliminated taxes on gains from cryptocurrencies until 2029 to attract investors and promote the digital asset sector.

According to Efinance Thai, Thailand has approved a five-year tax exemption on profits from the sale of Bitcoin and other digital assets. The decision aims to position the country as one of the world’s leading digital financial hubs.

On June 17, Thailand’s Cabinet officially approved the tax measure proposed by the Ministry of Finance. The initiative removes personal income tax on capital gains from the sale of cryptocurrencies conducted through licensed operators under the 2018 Digital Asset Business Act.

Deputy Finance Minister Julapun Amornvivat stated that the tax policy is a cornerstone of the government’s strategy to turn Thailand into a major global center for Bitcoin and blockchain-based financial services.

The capital gains tax exemption will be in effect from January 1, 2025, to December 31, 2029. It applies exclusively to transactions carried out via exchanges, brokers, and dealers licensed and regulated by Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Thai authorities estimate that this tax reform will boost the domestic Bitcoin market, generating positive spillovers for the country’s innovative tech ecosystem. Economic projections indicate a medium-term increase in tax revenues of at least 1 billion baht (around $30 million), driven by sector growth and fresh investment inflows.

According to the government, the initiative is also expected to encourage capital raising through digital tokens and foster the development of blockchain-based financial services.

The post Thailand abolishes taxes on Bitcoin: five-year tax exemption appeared first on Atlas21.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The banking giant is exploring an expansion of its blockchain services, focusing on digital payments and currencies.

JPMorgan Chase has filed a new trademark application for the name “JPMD.” The filing was submitted on June 15 to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

The application, filed by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., covers a broad range of services related to digital assets and blockchain technology. These include the issuance of digital currencies, electronic payment processing, and financial custody services — all of which suggest a possible new stablecoin initiative for JPMorgan.

Experience with JPM Coin

This move wouldn’t be JPMorgan’s first foray into blockchain-based finance. The bank already operates JPM Coin, a dollar-pegged stablecoin used to enable instant transactions between institutional clients. The token runs on Quorum, a private blockchain network developed in-house by JPMorgan and based on Ethereum’s technology.

The registration of the JPMD trademark comes as JPMorgan and other major U.S. banks are considering a collaborative stablecoin project through their jointly owned entities: Early Warning Services and The Clearing House.

Similarly, corporations like Walmart and Amazon are mulling the creation of their own stablecoins.

The post JPMorgan files trademark for ‘JPMD’: a new stablecoin on the horizon for the American bank appeared first on Atlas21.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The banking giant is exploring an expansion of its blockchain services, focusing on digital payments and currencies.

JPMorgan Chase has filed a new trademark application for the name “JPMD.” The filing was submitted on June 15 to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

The application, filed by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., covers a broad range of services related to digital assets and blockchain technology. These include the issuance of digital currencies, electronic payment processing, and financial custody services — all of which suggest a possible new stablecoin initiative for JPMorgan.

Experience with JPM Coin

This move wouldn’t be JPMorgan’s first foray into blockchain-based finance. The bank already operates JPM Coin, a dollar-pegged stablecoin used to enable instant transactions between institutional clients. The token runs on Quorum, a private blockchain network developed in-house by JPMorgan and based on Ethereum’s technology.

The registration of the JPMD trademark comes as JPMorgan and other major U.S. banks are considering a collaborative stablecoin project through their jointly owned entities: Early Warning Services and The Clearing House.

Similarly, corporations like Walmart and Amazon are mulling the creation of their own stablecoins.

The post JPMorgan files trademark for ‘JPMD’: a new stablecoin on the horizon for the American bank appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

Desde a sua criação em 2008, Bitcoin tem sido visto como um desafio direto ao sistema bancário tradicional. Desenvolvido como uma alternativa descentralizada ao dinheiro fiduciário, Bitcoin oferece uma forma de armazenar e transferir valor sem depender de bancos, governos ou outras instituições financeiras. Essa característica faz com que seja considerado um símbolo de resistência contra um sistema financeiro que, ao longo do tempo, tem sido marcado por crises, manipulações e restrições impostas aos cidadãos.

Crise financeira de 2008 e o nascimento de Bitcoin

Bitcoin surgiu em resposta à crise financeira de 2008, um colapso que revelou as falhas do sistema bancário global. Bancos centrais imprimiram grandes quantidades de dinheiro para resgatar instituições financeiras irresponsáveis, enquanto milhões de pessoas perderam as suas casas, poupanças e empregos. Nesse contexto, Bitcoin foi criado como um sistema financeiro alternativo, onde não existe uma entidade central com o poder de manipular a economia em benefício próprio.

No primeiro bloco da blockchain ou timechain de Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto incluiu a seguinte mensagem:

"The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks."

Essa frase, retirada de uma manchete de jornal da época, simboliza a intenção de Bitcoin de oferecer um sistema financeiro fora do controlo dos bancos e dos governos.

Principais razões pelas quais Bitcoin resiste ao sistema bancário

Descentralização: Ao contrário do dinheiro emitido por bancos centrais, Bitcoin não pode ser criado ou controlado por nenhuma entidade específica. A rede de utilizadores valida as transações de forma transparente e independente.

Oferta limitada: Enquanto os bancos centrais podem imprimir dinheiro sem limites, causando inflação e desvalorização da moeda, Bitcoin tem uma oferta fixa de 21 milhões de unidades, tornando-o resistente à depreciação artificial.

Impossibilidade de censura: Bancos podem bloquear contas e impedir transações a qualquer momento. Com Bitcoin, qualquer pessoa pode enviar e receber fundos sem pedir permissão a terceiros.

Autocustódia: Em vez de confiar os seus fundos a um banco, os utilizadores de Bitcoin podem armazenar as suas próprias moedas, sem risco de congelamento de contas ou falências bancárias.

Conflito entre bancos e Bitcoin

Ataques mediáticos: Grandes instituições financeiras frequentemente classificam Bitcoin como arriscado, volátil ou inútil, tentando desincentivar a sua adoção.

Regulação e repressão: Alguns governos, influenciados pelo setor bancário, têm criado restrições ao uso de Bitcoin, dificultando a sua compra e venda.

Criação de alternativas centralizadas: Muitos bancos centrais estão a desenvolver moedas digitais (CBDCs) que mantêm o controlo do dinheiro digital, mas sem oferecer a liberdade e a descentralização de Bitcoin.

Resumindo, o Bitcoin não é apenas uma moeda digital, mas um movimento de resistência contra um sistema financeiro que falhou repetidamente em proteger o cidadão comum. Ao oferecer uma alternativa descentralizada, transparente e resistente à censura, Bitcoin representa a liberdade financeira e desafia o monopólio dos bancos sobre o dinheiro. Enquanto o sistema bancário tradicional continuar a impor restrições e a controlar o fluxo de capital, Bitcoin permanecerá como um símbolo de independência e soberania financeira.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ 502ab02a:a2860397

เครื่องดื่ม Tang ไม่ได้ถือกำเนิดมาบนดาวอังคาร แต่กลับโด่งดังเพราะคนที่ไปใกล้ดาวอังคารที่สุดในยุคนั้นต่างดื่มมันแทนน้ำผลไม้...ใช่แล้วจ้ะ เรากำลังพูดถึง "NASA" และภารกิจอวกาศที่เปลี่ยน Tang จากเครื่องดื่มสังเคราะห์ธรรมดา ให้กลายเป็นไอคอนของอนาคต ที่บางครั้ง...ดูดีเกินกว่าความจริง

ย้อนกลับไปปี 1957 สหรัฐฯ กำลังแข่งขันในสงครามอวกาศกับโซเวียต บริษัท General Foods (ถ้าจำได้บริษัทนี้เขาผลิต ซีเรียล Grape-Nuts โดย Charles William Post หรือ C.W. Post ชายหนุ่มที่เคยเข้ารับการรักษาตัวที่ Battle Creek Sanitarium ของหมอ John Harvey Kellogg นั่นไงครับ) บริษัทนี้เป็นผู้ผลิต Tang ได้พัฒนาเครื่องดื่มผงสังเคราะห์นี้ขึ้นมาในปี 1957 โดยนักเคมีชื่อ William A. Mitchell ซึ่งเขาไม่ได้แค่คิดค้น Tang เท่านั้น แต่เขายังคิดค้น Cool Whip, Pop Rocks, Jell-O ที่เซ็ตตัวเร็ว, ไข่ขาวผง และผลิตภัณฑ์ทดแทนมันสำปะหลังยอดนิยม รวมถึงผลิตภัณฑ์อื่นๆ อีกมากมาย (รวมสิทธิบัตรทั้งหมด 70 ฉบับ) แต่ละตัวนี่ทุกวันนี้ยังขายในซุปเปอร์อยู่เลยครับ ผลิตภัณฑ์หลักชิ้นแรกที่มิตเชลล์คิดค้นคือผลิตภัณฑ์ทดแทนมันสำปะหลังซึ่งได้รับการพัฒนาเพื่อหลีกเลี่ยงการขาดแคลนมันสำปะหลังอันเป็นผลจากสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2 ซึ่งเป็นเหตุผลว่าทำไมมันสำปะหลังจึงบางครั้งถูกเรียกว่า “Mitchell’s Mud”

Tang นั้นตอนแรกกลับขายไม่ค่อยออก เพราะคนยุคนั้นยังเชื่อใน “น้ำส้มสด” ที่บีบจากผลไม้มากกว่าอะไรที่ชงจากผง แน่นอนมันเหมือนที่ทุกวันนี้เราพร่ำบอกว่า "ฉันเลือกอาหารธรรมชาติ" นั่นแหละครับ แทบไม่ต่างกันเลย

จนกระทั่ง NASA เข้ามา

ปี 1962 องค์การ NASA ต้องเผชิญปัญหาใหญ่ที่คนทั่วไปนึกไม่ถึง นั่นคือ น้ำในอวกาศรสชาติ “แย่มาก” เพราะระบบกรองน้ำรีไซเคิลทำให้น้ำมีรสโลหะอ่อนๆ ปนน้ำยาฆ่าเชื้อ จะให้มนุษย์อวกาศดื่มแบบนั้นทุกวันคงทำให้ภารกิจเสียสมาธิได้ง่ายกว่าการหลุดวงโคจรเสียอีก

นั่นคือจุดที่ Tang ถูกนำมาใช้ครั้งแรกโดย John Glenn ในภารกิจ Mercury-Atlas 6 ซึ่ง Tang ถูกเพิ่มไว้ในเมนูของภารกิจ Mercury ของ John Glenn ในปี 1962 ซึ่งเขาได้โคจรไปรอบโลกและทำการทดลองรับประทานอาหารในอวกาศ Mercury-Atlas 6 เป็นภารกิจที่ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญเกี่ยวกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางกายภาพของมนุษย์เมื่ออยู่ในสภาวะไร้น้ำหนัก ภารกิจนี้ช่วยสร้างความมั่นใจให้กับ NASA ว่าเทคโนโลยีของตนพร้อมก้าวต่อไปสู่ภารกิจที่ซับซ้อนยิ่งขึ้น นำไปสู่ โครงการ Gemini และ โครงการ Apollo ตามลำดับ

เมื่อ NASA ตัดสินใจเติมผง Tang ลงในน้ำเพื่อปรับรสชาติให้น่าดื่มขึ้น กลายเป็นจุดเริ่มต้นของการตลาดที่แทบจะ “ยึดโลก” ได้ในชั่วข้ามคืน เพราะหลังภารกิจนั้น Tang โฆษณาโดยใช้คำว่า “เครื่องดื่มที่นักบินอวกาศดื่มจริง” เห็นไหมครับว่านั่นแหละคือพลังของวาทกรรม

ทีนี้หล่ะพี่เอ้ยยยย เด็กๆ แห่กันดื่ม Tang กันทั่วอเมริกา เพราะรู้สึกว่าการชงน้ำส้มผงในบ้านทำให้ตัวเองเข้าใกล้ดวงจันทร์ได้สักนิด ผู้ปกครองก็สบายใจ เพราะฉลากเขียนว่ามีวิตามิน C และ “ไม่ต้องแช่เย็น” เหมาะกับยุคโมเดิร์นที่ตู้เย็นก็ยังแพงอยู่ ใครจะไปนั่งทำน้ำส้มคั้นกันให้ลำบาก เห็นไหมครับว่าวัฒนธรรมการพึ่งพา “อาหารสำเร็จรูปเพื่ออนาคต” ก็เริ่มตั้งไข่จากตรงนี้อีกจุดนึง

ถ้าหากเราลองส่องลึกลงไปในสูตรของ Tang จะพบว่ามันคือของผสมของ น้ำตาล, กลิ่นแต่งสังเคราะห์, วิตามิน C ที่เติมเข้าไปภายหลัง และกรดซิตริกเพื่อเลียนแบบความเปรี้ยวของผลไม้ เรียกง่ายๆ ว่า “ไม่มีอะไรที่่ได้คุณค่าแบบส้มธรรมชาติเลย” ยกเว้นจินตนาการ

ถึงกระนั้น ผู้บริโภคก็ไม่ได้โวยวายอะไรแถมยังโห่ร้องตอบรับ Tang เป็นอย่างดี เพราะอิทธิพลของ NASA ทำให้คนรู้สึกว่า "ต้องดีแน่ๆ ถ้าแม้แต่ NASA ยังใช้" แม้ว่า NASA เองจะไม่เคยพูดว่า Tang ดีต่อสุขภาพและมันเป็นเครื่องมือชั่วคราวเพื่อทำให้น้ำดื่มได้ ไม่ได้ใช้เพราะว่า Tang ดีกว่าน้ำส้ม...แต่นั่นแหละ ความเงียบของ NASA ถูกตลาดตีความจนเกินจริงไป เพราะการไม่ปฎิเสธนั่นหมายถึงการตอบรับ การตลาดและผู้บริโภคจึงตีความไปในทางเดียวกันว่า มันวิเศษกว่าส้มธรรมดา เพราะมันคือเครื่องดื่มระดับอวกาศเลือกใช้

หลายปีต่อมา เมื่อนักโภชนาการหลายคนเริ่มออกมาเตือนว่า Tang คือน้ำตาลล้วน ไม่มีเส้นใย ไม่มีประโยชน์ใดที่เทียบได้กับผลไม้จริง ผู้ผลิตก็หันมาใส่ "วิตามินเสริม" เพิ่มอีกให้แทนเพื่อล้างภาพลักษณ์เดิมประมาณว่า อ่ะอยากได้วิตามินอะไรเราเติมให้เทผสมในสูตร กลายเป็นสคริปต์ซ้ำของอาหารยุค “อาหารอนาคตปลอม” ที่เอาสารอาหารเดี่ยวๆ มาเติมแล้วโฆษณาว่า “เหมือนธรรมชาติ” หรือดีกว่าเสียอีก

เราอ่านถึงตรงนี้ก็ไม่ต้องตลกหรือขำเลยครับ หันมามองอาหารปัจจุบัน ของบางอย่างมีวิตามินสูงเพราะเทวิตามินผงลงไปผสม เช่นนมพืชต่างๆ ที่อยู่ดีๆก็มีวิตามินระดับซุปเปอร์ฟู้ดขึ้นมาเฉยเลย หรือแม้แต่พืชบางชนิดที่อุ้มน้ำได้ดี ก็มีวิตามินสูงระดับหลายสิบถึงร้อยเท่าของธรรมชาติของมัน ด้วยการเติมวิตามินลงไปในอาหารพืช ที่เพาะเลี้ยงกัน และยิ่งถ้ามองแบบเตรียมพร้อมไปถึงอนาคต อยู่ที่ใครแล้วครับว่าจะมองเห็นใส้ในของอาหารเหล่านี้ไหม เชื่อไหมว่าหลายต่อหลายคนมองว่ามันดี มันงาม มันซุปเปอร์ฟู้ด แล้วหันกลับไปมอง Tang ครับ อดีตมันเคยเป็น Super Orange Juice มาก่อน แล้ววันนี้คุณตลกกับมันไหม? แล้วคุณตลกกับวันนี้ไหม? แล้วคุณตลกกับอนาคตที่กำลังจะมาไหม? นั่นคือคำตอบที่คุณต้องเอาภาพร่างเหล่านี้ มาวางทับกัน แล้วตั้งคำถามกับซุปเปอร์ฟู้ดหรือฟิวเจอร์ฟู้ด ที่คุณกำลังเทิดทูนว่า "ดีต่อสุขภาพ" แล้วไหม?

Tang คือผลผลิตของยุคที่ความสะดวก = ความดี และความโมเดิร์น = ความน่าเชื่อถือ เราจึงเห็นว่าสิ่งที่เคยเกิดขึ้นกับซีเรียล, นม, หรือแม้แต่ Spam ก็ล้วนมีแก่นเดียวกันคือ "ทำให้ง่ายขึ้น ถูกลง เก็บได้นานขึ้น แล้วสร้างภาพว่าเหนือกว่าของเดิม"

Tang ไม่ใช่ผู้ร้าย แต่มันคือตัวละครสำคัญในยุคที่วิทยาศาสตร์กลายเป็นเครื่องมือของตลาด ไม่ใช่เพื่อค้นหาความจริง แต่เพื่อผลิตความรู้สึกปลอดภัยแบบสังเคราะห์ให้กับสังคม

และทั้งหมดนี้...เริ่มจากความพยายามทำให้น้ำอวกาศดื่มได้ ไม่มีกลิ่นเหล็กๆ เท่านั้นเอง

#pirateketo #กูต้องรู้มั๊ย #ม้วนหางสิลูก #siamstr

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Carl Rickertsen completely exits his position in Strategy as insiders sell $864 million worth of stock.

As reported by Protos, Carl Rickertsen, a member of Strategy’s board of directors, has fully liquidated his entire shareholding for over $10 million.

Rickertsen’s decision to completely exit his Strategy position marks a sharp shift from his previous investment stance. In 2022, the executive had shown confidence in the company by investing $700,000 in MSTR shares.

On June 13, 2022, Rickertsen purchased $608,000 worth of MSTR stock at $152 per share. Since then, the stock has rallied 152%. However, by 2023, the director had already sold half of his 4,000-share position.

Rickertsen’s approach to managing his holdings has become increasingly aggressive in recent years. Since joining the board in 2019, he has adopted a strategy of immediately liquidating any stock options received.

One example of this tactic occurred on June 2, when he acquired and sold 26,390 MSTR shares on the same day.

As of June 5 this year, Rickertsen reported zero vested Strategy shares, marking the end of his equity involvement with the company.

Rickertsen’s situation is not an isolated case within Strategy. Data from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reveals a controversial picture. According to information gathered by secform4.com, over the past five years, total insider sales have exceeded purchases by $864 million. This imbalance in insider transactions could raise questions about executives’ confidence in the company’s future.

The post Strategy director liquidates all his MSTR shares appeared first on Atlas21.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The new communication protocol aims to improve the industry with measurable advantages in terms of efficiency and security.

A new study conducted by Hashlabs, in collaboration with the SRI (Stratum V2 Reference Implementation) team and figures like Matt Corallo, Alejandro De La Torre and others reveals how the Stratum V2 protocol can increase miner profitability compared to the current Stratum V1 standard, used for over a decade.

Speaking to Atlas21, Gabriele Vernetti, Stratum V2 maintainer, declared:

“This first case study demonstrates how much Stratum V2 can help miners as well, securing and increasing their profits, in addition to the rest of the network. It’s just a first study aimed at demonstrating how decentralization can be aligned with the profit dynamics typical of the mining sector.

In the future we will also focus on the benefits for mining pool operators, who can benefit from the protocol’s efficiency to lower their operating costs (such as those for bandwidth used by their servers).

The feedback has been very positive: this first study was a joint work with various market players, including miners and mining pool operators. As SRI we want to continue working together with the entire community as done in this case, becoming a reference point for all actors interested in innovating the Bitcoin mining field”.

The research, based on controlled tests with two identical ASIC S19k Pro, with stock firmware, demonstrates that Stratum V2 can increase net profits by up to 7.4%. For an industry that often operates with 10% margins, this could represent a substantial competitive advantage.

The V2 protocol reduces various inefficiencies that plague the current system. The latency in block switching, that is the waiting time created when a miner must change block template after a new block has been mined on the network, goes from 325 milliseconds to just 1.42 milliseconds, a speed 228 times higher. This translates to about 4.9 hours of completely wasted hash power less per year.

Another problem of modern mining concerns “stale shares” – proofs of work that arrive too late to be remunerated, often due to network latency or inefficient communication. However, not all stale shares depend on inefficiency problems. On average, about 2% are rejected for expected reasons, such as when the share doesn’t reach the minimum difficulty required by the pool. This value is considered normal in the sector. The remaining 98%, instead, is caused by avoidable delays. With Stratum V1, miners lose between 0.1% and 0.2% of their computing power this way. Stratum V2 with Job Declaration completely eliminates this waste, provided that the miner and the pool node have the same level of connectivity. This step could translate into a net profit increase of up to 2% by fully adopting Stratum V2 with Job Declaration.

In the Stratum V2 protocol, the Job Declaration Client (JDC) is software that allows miners to receive mining jobs directly from their local Bitcoin node, that is the block templates to work on. The JDC communicates directly with the miner’s local node, receiving updated data for new block construction and immediately sending them to the mining software via Stratum V2. This allows miners to receive jobs in real time from their own node, without having to wait for them from the pool, reducing latency and the risk of working on obsolete jobs. Furthermore, if the pool allows it, miners can build custom templates choosing which transactions to include in the block.

The research also highlights an often overlooked aspect: the loss of transaction fees. With the Stratum V1 protocol, miners lose about 0.75% of potential fees for each block due to the delay in receiving new jobs. Considering that about 52,560 blocks are mined each year, this loss per block adds up to a total of about 74 bitcoins per year, equivalent to over $8 million at current prices.

Beyond economic advantages, Stratum V2 solves a critical vulnerability of the current system: hashrate hijacking. The V1 protocol doesn’t encrypt communications, allowing attackers to intercept and steal up to 2% of computing power without the miner noticing. The new protocol eliminates this risk through end-to-end encryption and authentication.

According to the study, by reducing latency, optimizing share sending and improving security, Stratum V2 enables a potential net profit increase of 7.4%, derived exclusively from technical improvements.

The post Stratum V2 increases profits by 7.4%: “The study shows that profit and decentralization can coexist”, says Vernetti, SV2 maintainer appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 52524fbb:ae4025dc

Gold mostly referred to as ultimate safe-haven asset amidst economic uncertainty or market makes investors desperately flock to it for stability. This traditional view scratches surface of gold's role barely in an increasingly complex global landscape interconnected precariously nowadays. Critical analysis reveals XAUUSD as a highly sensitive barometer of geopolitics. its price movements frequently mirroring the flow of tensions internationally. Astute traders unlock gold's full potential by recognizing an intricate relationship quietly beneath surface level market fluctuations daily.

Gold earns its safe haven label largely due to it's perceived ability of preserving wealth amidst faltering fiat currencies or traditional assets suddenly. This phenomenon persists remarkably during severe financial turmoil or episodes characterized by unusually high inflation rates nationwide. Apparently geopolitical events introduce a disparate dimension of risk not just economically but systemically affecting everything pretty badly. Major conflicts erupt suddenly between global powers and XAUUSD often reacts vigorously transcending risk aversion in turbulent geopolitical landscapes. It morphs into reflection of looming disruptions across global supply chains and potential sanctions amidst wildly fluctuating energy prices suddenly.

A sudden escalation of tensions might erupt pretty quickly in some critical oil producing region. Crude oil prices may react rapidly but XAUUSD will likely be impacted swiftly amidst sudden market fluctuations too. Rising oil prices spark inflation fears amidst murky global economic prospects and precarious possibilities of sprawling conflict severely impacting major economies. Gold acts as hedge against unknown terrors and facilitates flight to security palpably tangible when geopolitical landscape becomes rather unpredictably volatile. Gold's status as reserve asset for central banks adds another hefty layer of geopolitical sensitivity pretty much worldwide nowadays. Several central banks mostly in emerging markets have amped up gold reserves partly as diversification tactic away from US Dollar lately. Sovereign entities amass gold strategically in response to geopolitics and shifts in this trend heavily influence global demand and subsequently XAUUSD prices.

Traders leveraging gold as a barometer of geopolitical turmoil must integrate qualitative analysis into strategy very carefully nowadays. It entails vigilantly tracking news from abroad and scrutinizing statements made by diplomats and lofty declarations uttered by world leaders. Anticipating likely responses and understanding economic vulnerabilities of various nations involved can give one an edge potentially in complex situations. A surprise summit between rival nations might signify de-escalation potentially leading quickly to pull-back in gold while sudden military build-up elsewhere could signal opposite XAUUSD retains fundamental safe-haven characteristics yet its role as real-time gauge of global geopolitical risk becomes increasingly pronounced nowadays. Traders gain keen insights into murky market sentiment by watching gold's reaction to tumultuous global events and thereby concoct shrewd trading strategies. Gold ain't merely some flashy metal it's a luminous barometer of global equilibrium shining brightly amidst economic turmoil naturally..

@ 52524fbb:ae4025dc

EURUSD, which is a pair that shows the exchange rate between the Euro and the US Dollar, is arguably the most traded currency pair in the world. Its action the product not of economic announcements but rather a mix of incompatible monetary policies, contrasting economic thinking, and the political stability of two of the largest economic areas in the world - the Eurozone and the US. For traders, this backdrop is key to predicting price movements and containing exposure in this, heavily traded market.

Between European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve a very intricate tango unfolds quietly at the heart of EURUSD currency pair dynamics daily. These two central banks often diverge on monetary policy paths in response to their disparate economic conditions under price stability mandates. Interest rate differential largely drives EURUSD exchange rates heavily nowadays. US Dollar strengthens against Euro pretty quickly when Fed hikes interest rates but ECB keeps rates fairly low thereby attracting sizable capital inflows into US markets due to much higher yields available there. Euro can surge pretty quickly if ECB adopts hawkish stance signaling rate hikes or tightening quantitativelys relative to dovish Fed policy moves.

We can say for a fact that trading EURUSD is a sophisticated exercise in comparing and contrasting two major economies. Success hinges on a deep understanding of the divergent monetary policy stances of the ECB and the Fed, a continuous assessment of their respective economic health and growth prospects, and a keen awareness of the political landscape within the Eurozone. The interplay of these forces creates a constantly evolving environment for the world's most popular currency pair.

@ b7274d28:c99628cb

Tired of dealing with spam? You're not alone. Here is a guide to picking relays that are good at keeping spam out, without sacrificing your own reach.

If you just want to skip to the relay suggestions, scroll to the sections titled "The Setup." There is one for users of Haven and one for those who aren't running their own relay at all.

Client Selection

"Wait, I thought this was a guide about selecting relays, not clients."

Yes, it is. But what relays you choose doesn't matter if you are using a client that does not read from your chosen relays, or that hard-codes problematic relays as fallbacks in addition to the relays you selected in an effort to "help you."

Additionally, some clients have settings that can help make up for poor relay selection using client-side spam mitigation methods. This includes clients like Coracle, Damus, Amethyst, and Nostur. Some may do so via web-of-trust (WoT) filters, so you only see notes and replies from those within your broader social circle, while others will automatically hide notes that those you follow have reported as spam or scams.

Coracle is a great client for dealing with spam, so long as you have gone into your "Content Settings" and set the "Minimum WoT Score" to at least 1. This means you will only see posts from users followed by at least one of the npubs you follow.

Damus also employs WoT, but it appears to be just for notifications, so you only receive notifications for those you follow and those they follow, or "friends of friends," as Damus put's it. This can be accessed by toggling it on in your notification tab at the top right, where you see the icon of the person with a check mark.

Nostur has WoT filters for downloading media turned on by default and also uses WoT to filter spam by default. Even better, if you use multiple npubs, you can filter using the WoT of your main npub, while logged into your alternate npubs.

Jumble recently added WoT filtering specifically for interactions. When you load a thread in Jumble, a shield icon will appear near the top right of the page, in line with the tabs for Replies and Quotes. Toggle it on, so the shield is green with a check mark and you will only see replies from those you follow and those your follows follow.

Amethyst does not yet have WoT based filtering built into the client, but it can hide notes that have been reported as spam, scams, impersonation, etc, by those you follow. This is not the most effective way to combat spam, though, since most users aren't often using the report feature. Hopefully we will see WoT filtering as an option in a future update.

Primal's apps do not read from any of your selected relays, but rather from their caching server alone. That said, they have a spam filter that is turned on by default so you see relatively little spam, regardless of which relays you use.

For this guide, I recommend using Amethyst for updating your relays, if you possibly can. The reason for this is because Amethyst has the most robust settings for being able to update all of your various relay lists.

Relay Lists Explained

Contrary to what you might think, there is not a single relay list for each user that is stored in a single note, because you can have relays that are used for only one purpose, and not for any other. Each of those purposes for which you might use a particular relay has its own list. That way a Nostr client can tell which relays you want to use for each separate purpose.

While this can make things less approachable for the user, it also means users don't have to rely on clients to hard code appropriate relays for each of these use-cases. If your client doesn't let you edit each of these relay lists, chances are they are using a set of relays for that purpose that the developer chose instead of you.

Public Outbox/Inbox Relays

This list of relays is found in your kind 10002 note, if you have one. If you don't have one, there won't be any relays shown for these categories in Amethyst. Other clients may fallback to showing you relays from a different list.

This list is intended to be used for Nostr clients to implement the "outbox model" to fetch notes from whatever relays they were written to, even if they aren't in the requesting user's relay list. This solves the issue of needing to share relays with those you follow in order to see their notes, allowing Nostr to remain decentralized.

Your "outbox" relays are the ones you write to, or at least the ones you want other users to know that you write to. When you add a relay here, it's like advertising to everyone, "If you want to see my public-facing notes, look for them on these relays."

Your "inbox" relays are the ones you read from. On this part of your list you are advertising, "If you want me to see your replies, comments, reactions, and zaps, then send them to these relays." These relays are massively important for reducing the amount of spam you see. If you have relays listed here that anyone can post to for free, you will almost certainly see a lot of spam in your replies, unless you have WoT filters turned on in your Nostr client.

DM Inbox Relays

This list is found in your kind 10050 note, if you have one, and is a list of relays where you want others to send you Direct Messages. Ideally, you will use a relay or two here that supports AUTH, so that it will only allow direct messages to be retrieved by the user they are addressed to.

What happens if you put a relay in here that doesn't support AUTH, so it allows anyone to retrieve your DMs? Not much. Anyone who wants to will just be able to see the encrypted content of the message, and depending on the type of DM they will see the identity of the receiver and perhaps also the sender. They will not be able to decrypt what was actually said in the messages. It's better if they cannot retrieve even that much, though.

Private Relays

This list is found in your 10013 note, if you have one. This is intended for listing a relay that you run yourself and that only you can access, as it will house notes that other users should not be able to see at all, such as eCash tokens and draft notes.

Search Relays

This list is found in your 10007 note, if you have one, and is used to search for notes or users who may not be using the same relays as you. It is good to use relays here that aggregate notes from other relays automatically, and which support NIP-50 for search capability.

Local Relays

This section is for any relays running on the local device, such as Citrine. Because the relays themselves are local, this list is local, as well, and is not saved to any note kind that is saved to your relays like the above lists.

General Relays

This list is found in the "content" tag of your kind 3 note, which is also where all of the npubs you follow are stored. As such, this note is commonly known as your follow list, rather than as a relay list. However, some clients, such as Amethyst, do make use of this list, and others use it as a fallback if they can't find a kind 10002.

If you are an Amethyst user most of the time, then I would recommend using this list to fill in any gaps that you may have from only writing to a few outbox relays, or only reading from a few inbox relays. It's a good place to put an aggregator relay, for instance, so long as that relay has good spam filtering, or a blastr relay, so those who don't yet use a client that supports the outbox model will still likely see your notes.

If you do not generally use Amethyst, then I would recommend you mirror your public inbox/outbox relays here, in case you use a client that cannot find your 10002 list. Relays that are only for outbox should be added as write only, those only for inbox should be added as read only, and those you use for both outbox and inbox should be both read and write.

The Setup (Haven Users)

If you are running your own set of Haven relays, here is the setup I would recommend:

Public Outbox (kind 10002)

Maximum of 4 relays.

• Your Haven outbox relay (Remember to add some public relays to your blastr)
• A paid relay of your choice (List available in "Paid Relays" section)
• A public relay, such as relay.damus.io, relay.primal.net, or nos.lol

Public Inbox (kind 10002)

Maximum of 4 relays.

• Your Haven inbox relay: [RelayAddress]/inbox
• A paid relay of your choice (can be same as outbox)
• A WoT relay of your choice (available in "WoT Relays" section)
• Optional additional WoT relay

DM Inbox

Maximum of 3 relays.

• Your Haven "chat" relay: [RelayAddress]/chat
• An alternate AUTH relay, such as inbox.nostr.wine(paid), nostr.land(paid), or auth.nostr1.com(free).

Private Relays

Maximum of 3 relays.

• Your Haven private relay: [RelayAddress]/private

Search Relays

Maximum of 4 relays.

• wss://nostr.wine (even if you don't pay to write to it)
• wss://relay.nostr.band
• wss://relay.noswhere.com
• wss://search.nos.today

Local Relays

• Your Citrine IP:Port, if you run Citrine.

General Relays

Assuming you use Amethyst on a regular basis, I recommend the following:

• A couple additional WoT relays set to read only.
• An aggregator relay that has good spam filtering, such as wss://aggr.nostr.land(payment required) and/or wss://nostr.wine(paid for write, but can read for free).

The Setup (Not Running Haven)

If you are not running your own set of Haven relays, I would highly recommend you learn how and do so. However, if you decide against it, here is a setup that should suffice:

Public Outbox (kind 10002)

Maximum of 4 relays.

• A paid relay of your choice (List available in "Paid Relays" section)
• A large public relay, such as relay.damus.io, relay.primal.net, or nos.lol
• An additional public relay, but a smaller one, or one-time-payment paid relay.

Public Inbox (kind 10002)

Maximum of 4 relays.

• A paid relay of your choice (can be same as outbox)
• wss://nostr.wine - Even if you don't pay for it, you can read from it.
• A WoT relay of your choice (available in "WoT Relays" section)
• Optional additional WoT relay

DM Inbox

Maximum of 3 relays.

• A paid AUTH relay, such as inbox.nostr.wine or nostr.land.
• An alternate AUTH relay, such as auth.nostr1.com(free).

Private Relays

Maximum of 3 relays.

• A private relay you run on your Umbrel or Start9, or that is hosted for you on relay.tools.

Search Relays

Maximum of 4 relays.

• wss://nostr.wine (even if you don't pay to write to it)
• wss://relay.nostr.band
• wss://relay.noswhere.com
• wss://search.nos.today

Local Relays

• Your Citrine IP:Port, if you run Citrine.

General Relays

Assuming you use Amethyst on a regular basis, I recommend the following:

• A couple additional WoT relays set to read only.
• An aggregator relay that has good spam filtering, such as wss://aggr.nostr.land(payment required).
• A blastr relay, such as filter.nostr.wine(paid), or...
• A few additional public relays set to write only.

Paid Relays

• wss://nostr.land - Details.
• The Nostr.Wine of relays.
  • wss://nostr.wine - Details
  • wss://filter.nostr.wine - Details
  • wss://inbox.nostr.wine -Details
  • wss://cellar.nostr.wine - Details
  • wss://creatr.nostr.wine - Details
• wss://jellyfish.land - Details

There are a ton of other paid relays out there that can be found via nostr.watch. The above listed options are simply the most popular with the largest feature-sets.

WoT Relays

These relays will only accept notes from npubs that are within the relay owner's WoT. I have provided a Jumble.social address for each relay so you can peruse the feed for yourself to see if you want to use it.

• wss://wot.utxo.one - Jumble Feed
• wss://nostrelites.org - Jumble Feed
• wss://wot.nostr.party - Jumble Feed
• wss://wot.sovbit.host - Jumble Feed
• wss://wot.girino.org - Jumble Feed
• wss://relay.lnau.net - Jumble Feed
• wss://wot.siamstr.com - Jumble Feed
• wss://relay.lexingtonbitcoin.org - Jumble Feed
• wss://wot.azzamo.net - Jumble Feed
• wss://wot.swarmstr.com - Jumble Feed
• wss://zap.watch - Jumble Feed
• wss://satsage.xyz - Jumble Feed
• wss://wons.calva.dev - Jumble Feed
• wss://wot.zacoos.com - Jumble Feed
• wss://wot.shaving.kiwi - Jumble Feed
• wss://wot.tealeaf.dev - Jumble Feed
• wss://wot.nostr.net - Jumble Feed
• wss://relay.goodmorningbitcoin.com - Jumble Feed
• wss://wot.sudocarlos.com - Jumble Feed

@ 52524fbb:ae4025dc

Bitcoin (BTCUSD), commonly called "digital gold," has turned the financial universe on its head in just a decade, emerging as a new alternative to the traditional store of value. And the story that was created out of its low supply and lack of a central authority is a major contributor to its price moves vs USD. But there is much more to the relationship than that; it is a complex dance between developing narratives, macroeconomic factors, and the inherent properties of a fledgling asset class trying to find its footing in an established financial world.

The story of Bitcoin as “digital gold” went to an extreme during peak inflation fear and economic uncertainty, when gold plays its part as an inflation hedge. Its advocates maintain that Bitcoin’s 21 million coin supply, its programmed deflation with the halving events and its distance from central bank control, has made it a better store of value in a time of exceptional fiat currency expansion. This story has a direct impact on BTCUSD, as some investors seeking to "hedge" against devaluing of the US Dollar, typically buy Bitcoin, and increase demand (and therefore price).

To sum it up, trading BTCUSD needs not only conducting technical analysis but also a very sharp understanding of the current narratives and emotions of the market and implementing the news from the macroeconomic situation to this new asset changes. Bitcoin is still in the process of discovery of its final purpose in the world of finance, going back and forth between a speculative tech asset, a disruptive financial innovation, and a clean and sincere candidate for the title of "digital gold." The inter-relationship with traditional fiat currencies such as the US Dollar, which is at the base of the mixture of economic realities and charming, changing stories, is still a fascinating area for traders to explore as it will remain so in the future.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Flash Releases Free Bitcoin Invoicing Tool with No Fees, KYC, or Custody

Flash, a Bitcoin payment platform, just announced it has launched Flash Invoicing, a completely free, non-custodial, and KYC-free Bitcoin invoicing tool. Designed for freelancers, the platform allows users to send professional invoices without platform fees, identity checks, or third party custody.

According to Deel, a crypto payments company for freelancers, Bitcoin is the most used cryptocurrency in the world for payments. Despite this growth, many freelancers continue to use basic methods such as pasting Bitcoin addresses into PDFs or emails. Some rely on custodial platforms that deduct fees or require identity verification, which can affect both earnings and data privacy.

“We’ve seen too many people paste BTC addresses into documents and call it invoicing,” said the CEO of Flash Pierre Corbin. “It’s messy. It’s risky. And it’s time for something better.” 

Flash Invoicing Features:

• 0% platform fees: no subscriptions or commission
• Non-custodial: Bitcoin goes straight to the user’s wallet
• No KYC: users maintain full privacy
• Professional output: branded PDFs and secure payment links
• Integrated dashboard: manage payments, clients, and revenue
• Works with Flash ecosystem: including Stores, Donations, Paywalls, and POS

Many Bitcoin invoicing tools charge a percentage per transaction or require a subscription. As a result, freelancers often lose part of their income simply to issue an invoice and receive payment. Flash is aiming to solve this issue.

“Freelancers work hard enough. The last thing they need is a platform skimming off their earnings,” said Corbin. “That’s why we dropped our fee from 1.5% to 0% — and launched the first invoicing tool that’s truly free, without compromising on privacy or control.”

Flash Invoicing allows users to accept Bitcoin payments without relinquishing control, privacy, or revenue. It is integrated with the broader Flash suite, enabling users to manage invoicing alongside features such as setting up stores, receiving donations, or gating premium content.

“As a freelancer myself, I love using the Flash invoicing feature,” stated a freelancer & Flash user. ”It keeps all my clients in one place, allows me to easily edit invoices and track payments. Much more professional than sending a lightning address in the footer of a PDF invoice.”

This post Flash Releases Free Bitcoin Invoicing Tool with No Fees, KYC, or Custody first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

A sede do ProtonMail está localizada na Suíça, um país conhecido por suas leis rigorosas de privacidade, embora a empresa tenha enfrentado alguns desafios, como ataques DDoS e pressão do governo suíço, ela continua comprometida em fornecer um serviço seguro e privado aos seus usuários.

O ProtonMail foi fundado em 2014 por um grupo de cientistas do CERN (Organização Europeia para Pesquisa Nuclear) que queriam criar uma plataforma de e-mail segura e privada que usasse criptografia de ponta a ponta. O objetivo era oferecer aos usuários uma alternativa aos serviços de e-mail tradicionais que frequentemente violam a privacidade dos usuários.A equipe fundadora incluía Andy Yen, Jason Stockman e Wei Sun, todos com formação em física e matemática.

Ao longo dos anos, o ProtonMail lançou vários recursos adicionais, incluindo aplicativos móveis para iOS e Android, integração com Tor e a possibilidade de enviar e-mails criptografados para usuários de outros provedores de e-mail. O ProtonMail também lançou uma VPN (rede privada virtual) chamada ProtonVPN, que segue o mesmo compromisso com a privacidade e segurança dos usuários.

A criptografia de ponta a ponta utilizada pelo ProtonMail assegura a proteção de todas as mensagens de seus usuários. O processo de criptografia ocorre no dispositivo do remetente antes do envio das mensagens aos servidores da ProtonMail, onde elas são armazenadas em formato criptografado. Quando o destinatário abre a mensagem, ela é descriptografada no dispositivo do destinatário, garantindo que somente o destinatário possa ler o conteúdo da mensagem. Isso significa que, mesmo que os servidores da ProtonMail sejam violados, as mensagens dos usuários permanecerão seguras e protegidas.

O ProtonMail oferece suporte à autenticação de dois fatores usando chaves de segurança YubiKey. Isso adiciona uma camada extra de segurança ao login da conta do ProtonMail, pois um invasor precisaria não apenas da senha, mas também da chave física para acessar a conta do usuário. A YubiKey é uma opção popular para autenticação de dois fatores, pois é fácil de usar e oferece proteção adicional contra-ataques de phishing e keylogging. O ProtonMail também suporta outras opções de autenticação de dois fatores, aplicativos de autenticação, como o Aegis Authenticator.

Outra funcionalidade importante é a proteção contra phishing e spam. O ProtonMail utiliza algoritmos avançados de filtragem para identificar e bloquear mensagens maliciosas antes que elas cheguem à caixa de entrada do usuário. Isso ajuda a reduzir a quantidade de spam recebida e a proteger contra-ataques de phishing, que tentam enganar o usuário a fornecer informações pessoais.

Passo a passo instalação do aplicativo protonmail no Android:

1. Baixe e instale o aplicativo protonmail em seu dispositivo móvel no F-droid ou obtainium.

2. Clique em "Criar nova conta" se você ainda não tiver uma conta ProtonMail, ou clique em "Fazer login" se já tiver uma conta.

3. Se você está criando uma nova conta, preencha os campos de registro, incluindo seu endereço de e-mail desejado e uma senha forte.

4. Depois de criar ou fazer login em sua conta, você pode usar o ProtonMail em seu dispositivo Android para enviar e receber e-mails seguros e protegidos.

Lembre-se de que, para garantir a privacidade e a segurança de suas informações, é importante usar uma senha forte e habilitar a autenticação de dois fatores. Utilize o Tor para acessar seu e-mail no site onion e considere usar uma VPN.

No Relatório de Transparência do ProtonMail, em muitos casos, a única informação que eles puderam fornecer foi um e-mail de recuperação (opcional na criação da conta) ou o IP que acessou o e-mail.

A própria ProtonMail recomenda o uso do Tor para acesso anônimo ao serviço. Se um juiz exigir a coleta do seu IP, a Proton não terá essa informação se você acessar seu e-mail via o site onion pelo Tor.

Se você é uma pessoa em situação de risco, como um ativista ou alguém que pode ser perseguido por diversos motivos, é essencial tomar medidas excepcionais: 1. Pague pelo serviço com Bitcoin. 2. Não use informações que possam identificá-lo ao se registrar. 3. Utilize o Tor, ou uma VPN, sempre que acessar o ProtonMail.

@ 0c9e5e17:480e870b

I've owned a Fallkniven F1 knife for many years, but never really used it or taken it anywhere because of the sheath. The standard plastic sheath that it comes with may be perfectly designed for survival knife use or for pilots, which I think the knife was designed for, but for every day use or carry it is horrible. The knife sits loose inside, it rattles, the sheath barely retains the knife and the upper soft webbing is annoying. In my humble opinion anyway.

I've looked online for alternative sheaths for a couple of years and found some leather sheaths or Kydex sheaths, but none really suited my needs and were fairly expensive. So, the F1 sat in a box with other outdoor gear not getting any use.

Several years later I finally decided to try my hand at making a Kydex sheath on my own. This was spurred on by another DIY tool project I was working on that also happened to need a Kydex sheath (more on that in a later blog post). So, I thought making a sheath for my Fallkniven F1 might be a good practice project. It was getting no use anyway so what's the worse that could happen. I might even give it a new lease of life.

Making a Kydex Press

The first step was to make some form of press for forming the heated Kydex around the knife. I search on YouTube and found dozens of videos showing how to make simple hinged presses using pieces of wood and some small pieces of foam. I purchased two door hinges at my local Home Depot and used some scraps of wood I had and small sections of an old backpacking sleeping pad (neoprene) to make the Kydex press. I'm not going to go in to detail, if you want a step-by-step guide check out this video.

Supplies

After more research I settled on using 0.8” thickness Kydex material. This seems strong enough for my needs, readily available and easy to form. I purchased a couple of 12” square sections on OD green from KnifeKits.com along with some 1/4” eye rivets and a rivet setting punch tool. I had some basic power tools, drill press, small toaster oven, and mini bandsaw in my garage workshop, along with a myriad of old hand tools, sanding paper etc.

Sheath Forming

According to several of the Kydex tutorial videos on YouTube University, it is recommended to apply two layers of blue painters tape to the blade of a knife before forming Kydex around it. This provided a small tolerance around the blade inside the sheath after the tape is removed. I prepped my Fallkniven F1 and got organized. I rough cut a piece of Kydex to approximately the size I needed. I had already decided to make a 'taco' style sheath. This requires once piece of Kydex to be folded around the blade and riveted on one side. The alternative is two pieces of separate Kydex and riveted on both sides of the blade - to me this added extra bulk and was unnecessary.

In an old toaster oven, heated to 350-degrees, I warmed my piece of Kydex. I had my sheath press ready along with two clamps. I wore a pair of Mechanix Wear gloves to protect my hands, heated Kydex is extremely hot and similar to handling molten plastic. You need gloves and need to be able to move quickly once the Kydex is up tp temperature. After about 90 seconds I tested the Kydex to find it perfectly soft and pliable. I wasn't able to find good information on what temperature to heat 0.8mm Kydex or for how long, but did find a video describing the right softness of Kydex so you can tell when it's ready. Pretty much trial and error.

I removed the heated Kydex and folded it around the back spine of the Fallkniven, quickly laying it down on the foam of my Kydex press, handle sticking out. I quickly closed the press lid and applied two clamps, tightening as hard as I could. I let this sit for 10 minutes to cool down.

Trimming and Rivet Placement

Once the Kydex had cooled down I removed it form the press and opened up the taco form to remove the knife. I knew I was going to be affixing a Tek-Lok clip to the sheath so that I could wear the knife appendix style (horizontally) on my belt. I marked out my rivet holes, spacing them to match the Tek-Lok and added a few more to secure the sheath. I drilled the 1/4” holes on my drill press and then marked the shape of the sheath using a white pencil. I trimmed most of the excess using a small bench-top bandsaw and finished the edges using sequentially finer levels of sandpaper. Kydex is pretty easy to work with.

I drilled a small hole at the bottom of the sheath right at the tip of the blade to allow for drainage should the sheath or knife get wet, fall into water, or get dirt inside. The last step before riveting was to clean out the inside of the sheath to remove and dust and debris from construction. I used some high pressure air.

I inserted each rivet one at a time and crimped them using my rivet setting die and a small arbor press I had. You could just as easily use a hammer a few small taps. Note: It's important that you use the right length rivets for the Kydex you are using. Mine were specifically for 0.8” Kydex.

Ensuring the Perfect Fit

I checked that the knife still fit snuggly into the sheath and was well retained. I noticed that it could use some adjustment and tweaks to fit and be removed more easily. I could describe all the steps here, or you could do what I did and watch this excellent YouTube video by Gentry Custom Knives which walks you through exactly how to ensure a perfect fit. I also took his advice and added a small thumb ramp to make removing the blade easier. I used a hot air gun to carefully heat the top edge of the Kydex sheath and bend it with my gloved finger.

Tek-Lok Clip Mounting

Installing the Tek-Lok clip is extremely easy. Just align the holes that have been drilled and rivetted and determie if you need to have the vet spacer inserted or not - depending on how wide your belt is. And that's it.

The best way to do this is to just try. I had several failures along the way and learned what not to do. The great things about Kydex is that if you mess up in the pressing stage, you can warm it up again in the toaster oven and it will revert to it's original flat form and you can try again. I did discover however, that you can only do this a maximum of three times before the Kydex starts to misform and no longer be an even thickness - that might only be true in a toaster over. Time and more attempts will tell.

This project was a lot of fun and it gave and old under utilized knife an entirley new lease of life. The Fallkniven F1 is not a small knife, but I can hardly notice I am wearing it using this new sheath in an appendix carry mode.

Resources and Acknowledgements

I hoped you found this useful. I had a blast doing this for the first time and learned a lot along the way. I managed to do this on the cheap with less than $50 worth of materials, which will enable me to make more than this one sheath.

I'd like to acknowledge and give thank to some knifemakers who kindly shared their knowledge through videos on YouTube. I could not have learned how to do this without the many excellent videos shared by Gentry Custom Knives and Simple Little Life. Their videos were incredibly detailed and were the basis of everything I did here. Many, many thanks to both of them for taking the time to make their videos and openly share their skills and expertise to allow others to learn. Please support them in any way you can, subscribe to their channels, like their videos, or purchase some of their excellent knives.

KnifeKits.com - everything you could ever need and more to support your knife making habit - from a utter novice (like me) to an expert. Fast reliable shipping, and competitive prices.

I'd love to hear from you. What do you think about my first Kydex sheath project? Do you love it or hate it? What would you have done differently and what could I do better? Let me know, so that I can get better next time. - Bfgreen

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Trump Media & Technology Group is targeting the digital asset market by registering a Bitcoin and Ethereum exchange-traded fund (ETF) with NYSE Arca.

On June 16, Truth Social — a company controlled by Trump Media & Technology Group — officially submitted documentation for a Bitcoin and Ethereum-based Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

NEW: Trump's Truth Social has filed for a dual Bitcoin & Ethereum ETF. pic.twitter.com/a5iZtrtUyk

— James Seyffart (@JSeyff) June 16, 2025

This initiative would allow the social media platform to diversify its operations by entering the digital asset sector through these financial products.

The filing proposes a trust structure that would directly hold bitcoin and ether, with 75% of the fund’s assets invested in bitcoin and 25% in ether.

The Truth Social Bitcoin and Ethereum ETF will have Yorkville America Digital as the fund’s sponsor, while custody of the digital assets will be entrusted to the Crypto.com exchange.

The choice of NYSE Arca as the listing venue for the fund is no coincidence: this market already hosts several cryptocurrency-linked ETFs and offers the necessary technological infrastructure to manage these financial instruments.

Trump Media & Technology Group’s move aligns with a broader trend in which public companies are increasingly integrating Bitcoin and other digital assets into their corporate treasuries.

Devin Nunes, CEO of Trump Media & Technology Group, stated:

“Trump Media’s vision is to aggressively enhance our offerings and capabilities, which includes holding bitcoin in our corporate treasury.”

The final approval of the Truth Social Bitcoin and Ethereum ETF will depend on the outcome of the regulatory review process at the SEC, which must assess the product’s compliance with current regulations on exchange-traded funds and cryptocurrency investments.

The post Truth Social files for Bitcoin-Ethereum ETF appeared first on Atlas21.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The new communication protocol aims to improve the industry with measurable advantages in terms of efficiency and security.

A new study conducted by Hashlabs, in collaboration with the SRI (Stratum V2 Reference Implementation) team and figures like Matt Corallo, Alejandro De La Torre and others reveals how the Stratum V2 protocol can increase miner profitability compared to the current Stratum V1 standard, used for over a decade.

Speaking to Atlas21, Gabriele Vernetti, Stratum V2 maintainer, declared:

“This first case study demonstrates how much Stratum V2 can help miners as well, securing and increasing their profits, in addition to the rest of the network. It’s just a first study aimed at demonstrating how decentralization can be aligned with the profit dynamics typical of the mining sector.

In the future we will also focus on the benefits for mining pool operators, who can benefit from the protocol’s efficiency to lower their operating costs (such as those for bandwidth used by their servers).

The feedback has been very positive: this first study was a joint work with various market players, including miners and mining pool operators. As SRI we want to continue working together with the entire community as done in this case, becoming a reference point for all actors interested in innovating the Bitcoin mining field”.

The research, based on controlled tests with two identical ASIC S19k Pro, with stock firmware, demonstrates that Stratum V2 can increase net profits by up to 7.4%. For an industry that often operates with 10% margins, this could represent a substantial competitive advantage.

The V2 protocol reduces various inefficiencies that plague the current system. The latency in block switching, that is the waiting time created when a miner must change block template after a new block has been mined on the network, goes from 325 milliseconds to just 1.42 milliseconds, a speed 228 times higher. This translates to about 4.9 hours of completely wasted hash power less per year.

Another problem of modern mining concerns “stale shares” – proofs of work that arrive too late to be remunerated, often due to network latency or inefficient communication. However, not all stale shares depend on inefficiency problems. On average, about 2% are rejected for expected reasons, such as when the share doesn’t reach the minimum difficulty required by the pool. This value is considered normal in the sector. The remaining 98%, instead, is caused by avoidable delays. With Stratum V1, miners lose between 0.1% and 0.2% of their computing power this way. Stratum V2 with Job Declaration completely eliminates this waste, provided that the miner and the pool node have the same level of connectivity. This step could translate into a net profit increase of up to 2% by fully adopting Stratum V2 with Job Declaration.

In the Stratum V2 protocol, the Job Declaration Client (JDC) is software that allows miners to receive mining jobs directly from their local Bitcoin node, that is the block templates to work on. The JDC communicates directly with the miner’s local node, receiving updated data for new block construction and immediately sending them to the mining software via Stratum V2. This allows miners to receive jobs in real time from their own node, without having to wait for them from the pool, reducing latency and the risk of working on obsolete jobs. Furthermore, if the pool allows it, miners can build custom templates choosing which transactions to include in the block.

The research also highlights an often overlooked aspect: the loss of transaction fees. With the Stratum V1 protocol, miners lose about 0.75% of potential fees for each block due to the delay in receiving new jobs. Considering that about 52,560 blocks are mined each year, this loss per block adds up to a total of about 74 bitcoins per year, equivalent to over $8 million at current prices.

Beyond economic advantages, Stratum V2 solves a critical vulnerability of the current system: hashrate hijacking. The V1 protocol doesn’t encrypt communications, allowing attackers to intercept and steal up to 2% of computing power without the miner noticing. The new protocol eliminates this risk through end-to-end encryption and authentication.

According to the study, by reducing latency, optimizing share sending and improving security, Stratum V2 enables a potential net profit increase of 7.4%, derived exclusively from technical improvements.

The post Stratum V2 increases profits by 7.4%: “The study shows that profit and decentralization can coexist”, says Vernetti, SV2 maintainer appeared first on Atlas21.

@ c11cf5f8:4928464d

NOW OPEN

Welcome stacker and cowboys to the second edition of this Sellers & Business Club series!

You're in the right place if you're serious about growing your business, or starting a new one. Let's discuss your preferred Bitcoin Business Models!

You'll find everything you need to move faster, sell smarter, and stay ahead of trends—with useful insights for every step of the way, community-powered learning posts, insights, and support from other sellers.

Thank you @BTCLNAT, @car, @fauxfoe, @lunin and @021f3af1a6 (ai bot?) for participating in the previous edition and other stackers[^1] that have been active in the ~AGORA marketplace.

Your insights and questions are welcome. I'll be opening with some questions:

• What are your latest wins?

• What are you dealing with lately?

• What current obstacles that are keeping you away from succeeding?

[^1]: FIY: @watchmancbiz @globalmerchant @midnightshipper @thebullishbitcoiner @realtrader @sandelllevy_ @thecommoner @matusalem @siggy47 @veintiuno @needcreations_ @globalthreat @profullstack @cryotosensei @catoshi @kr @pleblab @fabs @lendasat @Akg10s3 @bytephysics @byzantine @96dffdc39e @thewildhustle @0xbitcoiner @gpvansat @south_korea_ln @rideandsmile @btclnat @bitcoinerrorlog @wakingseason @tinstrmedia @pictureroom @isolabellart @jpedro64453 @herschel

https://stacker.news/items/1008929

@ 5d4b6c8d:8a1c1ee3

https://youtu.be/KwzHW-c5h7M

This video's great and it includes interviews with Stan van Gundy and Shane Battier about how offensive and officiating changes have forced defenses to fundamentally change.

There's also some early discussion, centered on a clip of Rick Barry complaining about officiating, about how much better it would be if they would actually call travelling, carrying, and moving screens. I can't for the life of me understand why they don't call these things. The game would look so much better.

https://stacker.news/items/1008918

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Flash Releases Free Bitcoin Invoicing Tool with No Fees, KYC, or Custody

Flash, a Bitcoin payment platform, just announced it has launched Flash Invoicing, a completely free, non-custodial, and KYC-free Bitcoin invoicing tool. Designed for freelancers, the platform allows users to send professional invoices without platform fees, identity checks, or third party custody.

According to Deel, a crypto payments company for freelancers, Bitcoin is the most used cryptocurrency in the world for payments. Despite this growth, many freelancers continue to use basic methods such as pasting Bitcoin addresses into PDFs or emails. Some rely on custodial platforms that deduct fees or require identity verification, which can affect both earnings and data privacy.

“We’ve seen too many people paste BTC addresses into documents and call it invoicing,” said the CEO of Flash Pierre Corbin. “It’s messy. It’s risky. And it’s time for something better.” 

Flash Invoicing Features:

• 0% platform fees: no subscriptions or commission
• Non-custodial: Bitcoin goes straight to the user’s wallet
• No KYC: users maintain full privacy
• Professional output: branded PDFs and secure payment links
• Integrated dashboard: manage payments, clients, and revenue
• Works with Flash ecosystem: including Stores, Donations, Paywalls, and POS

Many Bitcoin invoicing tools charge a percentage per transaction or require a subscription. As a result, freelancers often lose part of their income simply to issue an invoice and receive payment. Flash is aiming to solve this issue.

“Freelancers work hard enough. The last thing they need is a platform skimming off their earnings,” said Corbin. “That’s why we dropped our fee from 1.5% to 0% — and launched the first invoicing tool that’s truly free, without compromising on privacy or control.”

Flash Invoicing allows users to accept Bitcoin payments without relinquishing control, privacy, or revenue. It is integrated with the broader Flash suite, enabling users to manage invoicing alongside features such as setting up stores, receiving donations, or gating premium content.

“As a freelancer myself, I love using the Flash invoicing feature,” stated a freelancer & Flash user. ”It keeps all my clients in one place, allows me to easily edit invoices and track payments. Much more professional than sending a lightning address in the footer of a PDF invoice.”

This post Flash Releases Free Bitcoin Invoicing Tool with No Fees, KYC, or Custody first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

French lawmakers are proposing Bitcoin mining as a solution to optimize the national electricity system and make use of surplus energy.

A group of French parliamentarians has introduced an amendment that could turn the country into a European hub for Bitcoin mining, strategically leveraging its energy production capacity.

The legislative proposal aims to assess how mining could be integrated into the French energy system — the largest in Europe — to optimize the management of electricity produced by nuclear power plants.

The amendment to the law on “National Programming and Regulatory Simplification in the Energy Sector” calls on the government to conduct a thorough evaluation of the potential of Bitcoin mining. The initiative represents a pragmatic approach to addressing the issue of excess energy, a key topic for France’s nuclear industry.

France’s energy system, powered by nuclear for over 70% of its needs, often generates electricity surpluses that require efficient management. The proponents of the proposal see mining as an ideal solution to absorb this excess, transforming a potential waste into an economic resource.

The operational flexibility of mining farms offers a unique competitive advantage: machines can be quickly turned on and off based on production and consumption peaks, dynamically adapting to the needs of the electrical grid. This feature makes them particularly suitable for installation near power plants, even in the most remote areas of the country.

The parliamentary proposal highlights how mining could contribute to the revitalization of abandoned industrial sites, creating new opportunities for economic development under the supervision of public authorities.

Lawmakers emphasize the various benefits of this strategy: reducing negative pricing in wholesale markets, relieving the workload on nuclear plants by avoiding frequent modulation cycles that accelerate equipment wear, and absorbing surplus energy that would otherwise go to waste.

The French Association for the Development of Digital Assets (ADAN) collaborated in drafting the amendment, contributing technical expertise and industrial insight to the project. The organization emphasized how low-carbon Bitcoin mining could help strengthen the resilience of the national electricity grid.

The parliamentary report notes that mining in France could represent “an activity tailored to the constraints of the electrical system, absorbing surplus energy and reducing environmental impact” by using power that would otherwise be lost.

The post France considers Bitcoin mining: parliamentary proposal for managing nuclear energy appeared first on Atlas21.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Russian authorities uncover 95 Bitcoin mining machines hidden inside a truck stealing electricity from a village.

Law enforcement in the Republic of Buryatia has uncovered an illegal Bitcoin mining operation concealed inside a KamAZ truck. The clandestine facility was siphoning off electricity meant for the local population.

According to the national news agency TASS, the discovery was made during a routine inspection of power lines in the Pribaikalsky district, where inspectors identified an unauthorized connection to a 10-kilovolt line — enough to power an entire village. The criminal operation showed a high level of organization, with sophisticated equipment hidden inside an apparently innocuous transport vehicle.

Source: Babr Mash

Inside the commercial truck, authorities found a fully operational mining center equipped with 95 machines and a portable transformer station. The technical setup suggested careful planning, designed to maximize bitcoin production while minimizing the risk of detection.

Two individuals suspected of involvement in the illegal activity managed to escape in an SUV before law enforcement arrived.

Impact of illegal mining on the local power grid

Buryatenergo, a regional unit of Rosseti Siberia, stressed how unauthorized connections severely compromise the stability of the local power grid. Consequences include voltage drops, overloads, and potential blackouts that disproportionately affect rural communities, already vulnerable in terms of energy access.

The illegal siphoning of electricity for mining creates a domino effect across the entire electrical infrastructure, causing service disruptions for legitimate users and increasing maintenance costs for grid operators.

Government restrictions on mining

The Russian government has implemented various restrictions on cryptocurrency mining in several regions of the country. In Buryatia, mining is banned from November 15 to March 15 due to seasonal energy shortages. Only companies registered in specific districts such as Severo-Baikalsky and Muisky are allowed to operate outside this period.

Federal restrictions were further tightened in December 2024, when Russia announced a ban on mining during peak energy months in multiple regions, including Dagestan, Chechnya, and parts of eastern Ukraine under Russian control. Since April, a total ban has been in effect in the southern region of Irkutsk.

Despite these restrictions, some Russian companies continue to operate legally in the sector. BitRiver, one of the country’s leading operators, takes advantage of the region’s low-cost energy, having launched its first and largest facility in 2019 in the city of Bratsk.

The post Illegal mining: clandestine operation discovered in a KamAZ truck in Russia appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

Bitcoin foi criado para oferecer uma alternativa segura e descentralizada ao dinheiro tradicional, permitindo transações financeiras sem a necessidade de intermediários. DeFi, por outro lado, surgiu como uma expansão deste conceito, propondo serviços financeiros descentralizados, como empréstimos, trocas e geração de rendimento. No entanto, apesar das promessas de inovação, DeFi apresenta inúmeros riscos, tornando-se uma aposta perigosa para quem valoriza a segurança do seu Bitcoin.

O que é DeFi?

DeFi refere-se a um conjunto de aplicações financeiras que funcionam sem a intermediação de bancos ou instituições tradicionais. Estas plataformas utilizam contratos inteligentes para automatizar transações, permitindo que qualquer pessoa aceda a serviços financeiros sem depender de terceiros. Na teoria, DeFi promete mais liberdade financeira, mas na prática está cheio de riscos, fraudes e vulnerabilidades técnicas que podem comprometer os fundos dos utilizadores.

Os riscos de DeFi para quem tem Bitcoin

Bitcoin é a moeda digital mais segura do mundo, protegida por uma rede descentralizada e resistente à censura. Ao contrário de DeFi, que ainda está em fase experimental e já sofreu inúmeros ataques, Bitcoin mantém-se sólido e confiável. Quando alguém coloca Bitcoin em plataformas DeFi, está a abrir mão da segurança da sua custódia direta e a confiar em sistemas mais frágeis. os principais riscos incluem:

Hackers e falhas de código: contratos inteligentes são escritos por programadores e podem conter falhas que permitem roubos massivos. ao longo dos anos, milhares de milhões de dólares já foram perdidos devido a vulnerabilidades em plataformas DeFi.

Riscos de liquidação: muitas aplicações DeFi funcionam com sistemas de colateralização, onde os utilizadores bloqueiam Bitcoin para obterem empréstimos. se o mercado se tornar volátil, esses Bitcoins podem ser liquidados a preços abaixo do esperado, causando perdas irreversíveis.

Fraudes e rug pulls: DeFi está repleto de projetos obscuros onde os criadores desaparecem com os fundos dos utilizadores. sem regulamentação e sem garantias, quem deposita Bitcoin nessas plataformas pode nunca mais recuperar os seus fundos.

Guardar Bitcoin em segurança é a melhor escolha

Bitcoin foi criado para ser auto-custodiado, ou seja, cada utilizador deve ter controlo direto sobre os seus fundos sem depender de terceiros. Ao enviar Bitcoin para plataformas DeFi, perde-se essa segurança e expõe-se o ativo a riscos desnecessários. A melhor forma de proteger Bitcoin é armazená-lo numa carteira segura, preferencialmente offline (cold storage), evitando qualquer tipo de exposição a contratos inteligentes ou sistemas vulneráveis.

Resumindo, DeFi pode parecer inovador, mas os riscos superam largamente os potenciais benefícios, especialmente para quem valoriza a segurança de Bitcoin. ao invés de arriscar perder fundos em plataformas inseguras, o mais sensato é manter Bitcoin armazenado de forma segura, garantindo a sua preservação a longo prazo. Enquanto Bitcoin continua a ser a melhor reserva de valor digital do mundo, DeFi ainda se revela um ambiente instável e perigoso, onde poucos saem ganhadores e muitos acabam por perder.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

Milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo ainda não têm acesso a serviços bancários básicos, seja por falta de infraestrutura, requisitos burocráticos ou instabilidade económica nos seus países. Bitcoin surge como uma solução inovadora para este problema, permitindo que qualquer pessoa com acesso à internet tenha controlo sobre o seu dinheiro, sem depender de bancos ou governos. Ao oferecer um sistema financeiro aberto e acessível, Bitcoin torna-se uma ferramenta poderosa para a inclusão financeira global.

O problema da exclusão financeira

Em muitos países em desenvolvimento, grande parte da população não possui conta bancária. Isto pode acontecer por diversas razões, como:

Falta de acesso a bancos: Muitas comunidades, especialmente em áreas rurais, não têm instituições financeiras próximas.

Exigências burocráticas: Alguns bancos exigem documentação específica ou um histórico de crédito que muitas pessoas não conseguem fornecer.

Custos elevados: As taxas bancárias podem ser proibitivas para quem ganha pouco dinheiro.

Instabilidade económica e política: Em países com alta inflação ou governos instáveis, os bancos podem não ser uma opção segura para guardar dinheiro.

Estas dificuldades deixam milhões de pessoas à margem do sistema financeiro, impossibilitadas de poupar, investir ou realizar transações de forma eficiente.

Bitcoin como alternativa

Bitcoin resolve muitos dos problemas da exclusão financeira ao oferecer um sistema acessível e descentralizado. Com Bitcoin, qualquer pessoa com um telemóvel e acesso à internet pode armazenar e transferir dinheiro sem necessidade de um banco. Entre as principais vantagens estão:

Acessibilidade global: Bitcoin pode ser usado em qualquer lugar do mundo, independentemente da localização do utilizador.

Sem necessidade de intermediários: Diferente dos bancos, que impõem taxas e regras, Bitcoin permite transações diretas entre pessoas.

Baixo custo para transferências internacionais: Enviar dinheiro para outro país pode ser caro e demorado com os métodos tradicionais, enquanto Bitcoin oferece uma alternativa mais rápida e acessível.

Proteção contra a inflação: Em países com moedas instáveis, Bitcoin pode ser usado como reserva de valor, protegendo o poder de compra da população.

Casos de uso na inclusão financeira

Bitcoin já tem sido utilizado para promover a inclusão financeira em diversas partes do mundo. Alguns exemplos incluem:

África e América Latina: Em países como Nigéria, Venezuela e Argentina, onde a inflação é elevada e o acesso a dólares é limitado, muitas pessoas usam Bitcoin para preservar o seu dinheiro e realizar transações internacionais.

Remessas internacionais: Trabalhadores que enviam dinheiro para as suas famílias no estrangeiro evitam as elevadas taxas das empresas de transferências tradicionais ao utilizarem Bitcoin.

Microeconomia digital: Pequenos comerciantes e freelancers que não têm acesso a contas bancárias podem receber pagamentos em Bitcoin de forma direta e segura.

Desafios da inclusão financeira com Bitcoin

Apesar das suas vantagens, a adoção de Bitcoin como ferramenta de inclusão financeira ainda enfrenta alguns desafios, tais como:

Acesso à internet: Muitas regiões pobres ainda não têm uma infraestrutura digital adequada.

Educação financeira: Para que mais pessoas utilizem Bitcoin, é necessário maior conhecimento sobre a tecnologia e as melhores práticas de segurança.

Volatilidade do preço: As oscilações de valor podem dificultar o uso de Bitcoin no dia a dia, especialmente em países onde as pessoas vivem com rendimentos instáveis.

Resumindo, o Bitcoin oferece uma solução viável para milhões de pessoas excluídas do sistema financeiro tradicional. Ao proporcionar acesso global, transações baratas e segurança contra a inflação, torna-se um instrumento poderoso para promover a inclusão financeira. No entanto, para que o seu potencial seja totalmente aproveitado, é essencial investir na educação digital e expandir a infraestrutura tecnológica, permitindo que mais pessoas tenham autonomia financeira através de Bitcoin.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

O Bitcoin trouxe uma nova maneira de entender a economia monetária, rompendo com os modelos inflacionários das moedas tradicionais e apresentando uma estrutura deflacionária especial. Com uma oferta restrita e regras matemáticas claras, o Bitcoin proporciona previsibilidade, segurança e resistência a manipulações, características que atraem investidores e fãs ao redor do mundo.

Um dos aspectos mais importantes do Bitcoin é sua oferta limitada a 21 milhões de unidades, definida no código original por Satoshi Nakamoto. Essa característica separa o Bitcoin das moedas tradicionais, cuja oferta é ilimitada e muitas vezes aumentada por bancos centrais para atender a necessidades econômicas ou políticas.

A oferta limitada dá ao Bitcoin uma qualidade semelhante ao ouro, sendo frequentemente chamado de "ouro digital". Assim como o ouro, o Bitcoin é escasso e requer esforço para ser adquirido (por meio de mineração). A escassez programada cria uma dinâmica de oferta e demanda que tende a aumentar o valor do ativo à medida que a demanda cresce e a oferta se mantém constante.

A emissão de novos bitcoins acontece através da mineração, e as recompensas são reduzidas pela metade em eventos chamados halvings, que ocorrem aproximadamente a cada quatro anos. Essa diminuição gradual na emissão de novos bitcoins assegura que a quantidade total será alcançada por volta de 2140, tornando o Bitcoin previsível a longo prazo.

O modelo deflacionário do Bitcoin é definido pela diminuição na criação de novas unidades e pelo aumento potencial de seu valor com o tempo. Isso contrasta diretamente com o modelo inflacionário das moedas tradicionais, nas quais a oferta é constantemente aumentada, reduzindo seu poder de compra.

A deflação no Bitcoin acontece porque a oferta de novos bitcoins diminui enquanto a demanda global tende a aumentar. Em vez de perder poder de compra, como ocorre com moedas tradicionais, o Bitcoin tem potencial de valorização à medida que mais pessoas buscam guardá-lo como valor.

Economias que dependem de sistemas deflacionários enfrentam desafios, como a tendência dos consumidores de adiar gastos na expectativa de preços mais baixos. Contudo, no caso do Bitcoin, ele é visto principalmente como uma reserva de valor, diminuindo esse efeito negativo. Por outro lado, o modelo deflacionário estimula a poupança, protegendo a riqueza das pessoas contra desvalorizações arbitrárias.

O modelo inflacionário das moedas fiduciárias se baseia na ampliação da oferta monetária para impulsionar o crescimento econômico, o que, na prática, reduz o poder de compra das moedas ao longo do tempo.

Governos e bancos centrais frequentemente imprimem dinheiro para pagar dívidas ou estimular a economia, o que pode resultar em inflação descontrolada.

Esse aumento na quantidade de dinheiro diminui o valor do dinheiro já existente, prejudicando poupadores e pessoas com menos acesso a ativos que protejam contra a inflação.

Como o Bitcoin é descentralizado e funciona em uma rede pública, nenhuma entidade central pode mudar suas regras ou aumentar sua oferta.

Isso o torna um ativo confiável para quem quer proteger sua riqueza em economias instáveis ou inflacionárias.

De maneira resumida a economia do Bitcoin é principalmente movida pela interação entre oferta e demanda.

O aumento da aceitação global, tanto por investidores institucionais quanto por indivíduos, gerou maior demanda pelo Bitcoin.

Sua utilidade como reserva de valor e defesa contra inflação atrai pessoas de economias frágeis e investidores em busca de diversificação.

Cada halving reduz a criação de novos bitcoins, diminuindo a oferta no mercado. Historicamente, esses eventos têm sido seguidos por aumentos significativos no preço do Bitcoin, pois a oferta menor atende a uma demanda crescente.

Com a oferta limitada e um cronograma previsível de emissão, o Bitcoin funciona de maneira clara, evitando surpresas econômicas comuns em sistemas fiduciários manipulados por bancos centrais.

Com o tempo, o Bitcoin pode ter um papel cada vez mais importante na economia global. Seu modelo deflacionário é especialmente atraente em um contexto de crescente desconfiança em relação às moedas fiduciárias e aos sistemas financeiros tradicionais.

O Bitcoin está se estabelecendo como uma reserva de valor, parecido com o ouro, mas com vantagens em portabilidade e divisibilidade.

Em períodos de crise econômica, ele é visto como uma alternativa segura para proteger riquezas.

À medida que a recompensa pela mineração diminui, espera-se que as taxas de transação sustentem a rede, aumentando sua segurança sem afetar a economia dos usuários.

Resumindo, a economia do Bitcoin é uma inovação que desafia os conceitos estabelecidos pelas moedas fiduciárias. Com sua oferta limitada, modelo deflacionário e resistência à manipulação, ele oferece uma alternativa forte para proteger a riqueza contra os efeitos da inflação.

Apesar de enfrentar desafios, como volatilidade e aceitação global, o Bitcoin continua a se fortalecer como uma reserva de valor confiável e uma forma de dinheiro digital. Seu modelo econômico, baseado na escassez e na transparência, pode ter um impacto duradouro na forma como pessoas e instituições lidam com o armazenamento e a preservação de valor no século XXI.

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The Brazilian government has abolished the Bitcoin tax exemption for small investors and introduced a flat 17.5% tax rate on all crypto capital gains.

Brazil has officially ended the tax-free period for small digital asset investors, introducing a flat 17.5% rate on all profits from cryptocurrency sales. The decision was formalized through Provisional Measure 1303, part of the government’s strategy to increase tax revenues from financial markets.

Until now, Brazilian residents selling up to 35,000 Brazilian reais (around $6,300) in cryptocurrencies per month were completely exempt from income tax. Profits exceeding this threshold were subject to progressive taxation, starting at 15% and reaching up to 22.5% for amounts over 30 million reais.

The new flat rate, which took effect on June 12, removes all exemptions and applies uniformly to every investor, regardless of the size of their transactions, according to local outlet Portal do Bitcoin.

While small-scale investors will now face a higher tax burden, high-net-worth individuals might actually benefit. Under the previous system, large transactions were taxed between 17.5% and 22.5%. With the new flat 17.5% rate, many high-profile investors will see their effective tax liability reduced.

Under the new rules, taxes will be calculated quarterly, with investors allowed to offset losses from the previous five quarters. However, starting in 2026, the time frame for claiming losses will be shortened.

Last March, Brazilian lawmakers also proposed a bill allowing employers to partially pay workers in cryptocurrency. According to the draft, crypto payments could not exceed 50% of an employee’s salary.

Full payment in cryptocurrencies would only be allowed for foreign workers or contractors, and only under specific conditions set by the Brazilian Central Bank. The bill prohibits full crypto payment for standard employees.

The post Brazil scraps crypto tax exemption: new 17.5% flat tax appeared first on Atlas21.

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Desde a sua criação, Bitcoin tem sido associado à ideia de liberdade financeira e individual. Diferente do dinheiro tradicional, controlado por governos e bancos centrais, Bitcoin permite que qualquer pessoa no mundo transacione e armazene valor sem depender de intermediários. Essa característica torna-se especialmente relevante em contextos de instabilidade económica, censura financeira e falta de acesso ao sistema bancário.

Bitcoin como ferramenta de autonomia financeira

A principal promessa de Bitcoin é devolver às pessoas o controlo sobre o seu próprio dinheiro. No sistema financeiro tradicional, os bancos e governos têm o poder de congelar contas, restringir transações e desvalorizar moedas através da impressão excessiva de dinheiro. Com Bitcoin, cada utilizador tem total posse dos seus fundos, desde que armazene as suas chaves privadas de forma segura. Isso significa que ninguém pode confiscar ou bloquear o acesso ao seu dinheiro.

Além disso, Bitcoin permite transações internacionais rápidas e baratas, sem depender de bancos ou plataformas de pagamento centralizadas. Em países onde as transferências internacionais são burocráticas e caras, Bitcoin representa uma alternativa eficiente e acessível.

Proteção contra a censura e o controlo estatal

Governos e instituições financeiras podem restringir o acesso ao dinheiro por motivos políticos ou económicos. Em regimes autoritários, dissidentes e jornalistas frequentemente enfrentam bloqueios financeiros como forma de repressão. Bitcoin oferece uma solução para esse problema, pois a sua rede descentralizada impede que qualquer entidade tenha controlo total sobre as transações.

Isto já foi demonstrado em diversos casos ao redor do mundo. Em momentos de crise, quando governos impõem restrições a saques bancários ou impõem limites às remessas de dinheiro, Bitcoin tem sido usado para contornar essas barreiras e garantir que as pessoas possam manter a sua liberdade financeira.

Desafios e responsabilidades da liberdade financeira

Embora Bitcoin ofereça mais liberdade individual, também exige maior responsabilidade por parte do utilizador. Diferente de uma conta bancária, onde um cliente pode recuperar o acesso à sua conta com um simples pedido, em Bitcoin a posse das chaves privadas é essencial. Se um utilizador perde as suas chaves, perde o acesso aos seus fundos para sempre.

Além disso, a volatilidade do preço de Bitcoin pode representar um desafio para quem pretende utilizá-lo como reserva de valor no curto prazo. No entanto, essa característica é compensada pelo seu modelo deflacionário, que protege a poupança a longo prazo contra a desvalorização causada pela inflação das moedas fiduciárias.

Resumindo, o Bitcoin representa uma revolução na forma como as pessoas gerem e protegem o seu dinheiro. Ao permitir transações livres de intermediários e resistir à censura financeira, Bitcoin fortalece a liberdade individual e oferece uma alternativa viável a sistemas financeiros centralizados e controlados por governos. No entanto, essa liberdade vem acompanhada da necessidade de maior responsabilidade, uma vez que cada utilizador é o único responsável pela segurança dos seus fundos. Para aqueles que valorizam a soberania financeira, Bitcoin é uma ferramenta poderosa que pode redefinir o conceito de dinheiro e autonomia pessoal no mundo moderno.

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In its latest bitcoin acquisition act, Japanese investment firm Metaplanet has hit its target of 10,000 Bitcoin (BTC) – a goal it set for 2025 but achieved in just six months.

Simon Gerovich on X

With this latest purchase of 1,112 BTC worth approximately $117.2 million, the company has now surpassed U.S.-based giant Coinbase, which holds around 9,267 BTC, and is now the 9th largest public bitcoin holder in the world. CEO Simon Gerovich announced:

“Metaplanet has acquired 1,112 BTC for ~$117.2 million at ~$105,435 per bitcoin and has achieved BTC Yield of 266.1% YTD 2025. As of 6/16/2025, we hold 10,000 BTC acquired for ~$947 million at ~$94,697 per bitcoin.”

Metaplanet is now the 9th largest corporate bitcoin holder — BitcoinTreasuries

Metaplanet started buying bitcoin in April 2024. Since then it has built its treasury through a series of purchases. The company’s bitcoin-first strategy includes raising capital through bonds and equity to fund more bitcoin buying.

Just before hitting 10,000 BTC, the Japanese firm announced the issuance of $210 million in zero-interest bonds. These bonds, the 18th Series, were issued to EVO FUND and mature on December 12, 2025. The company said these funds will be used to buy more bitcoin.

This latest purchase was part of the “210 Million Plan” which has helped Metaplanet raise huge sums to buy more bitcoin.

As part of this plan, the company also did a ¥770.9 billion (~$5.4 billion) equity raise through the issuance of 555 million moving strike warrants, the largest ever public capital raise for bitcoin in Asia.

The market is responding well to the firm’s strategy. On the day of the announcement, its stock rose 22% to close at 1,895 yen. Year-to-date, Metaplanet’s stock is up 430%, outperforming many major Japanese companies.

Metaplanet’s performance is also supported by its proprietary metric called “BTC Yield”—a measure of the increase in BTC holdings relative to the company’s fully diluted shares. BTC Yield is 266.1% YTD and is creating shareholder value.

With the 2025 goal achieved, Metaplanet is going even bigger. The company is now targeting 210,000 BTC by the end of 2027 which is 1% of the total bitcoin supply. To do that, they need to buy 200,000 more BTC in the next 18 months.

The phases of the new targets include accumulation of 30,000 BTC by the end of 2025, and 100,000 BTC by the end of 2026.

Metaplanet is on the same path as Strategy, the U.S. company led by Michael Saylor that started corporate bitcoin accumulation.

Metaplanet’s big moves come as more companies worldwide are adding bitcoin to their corporate treasury.

Over 150 public companies now hold over 800,000+ BTC, worth over $100 billion. Recent additions include Mercurity Fintech Holding and K33, both of which have announced new bitcoin-focused initiatives.

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O Bitcoin é amplamente reconhecido como a primeira e mais importante inovação no campo das moedas digitais. Criado por Satoshi Nakamoto em 2009, ele estabeleceu as bases para um sistema financeiro descentralizado. Desde então, surgiram milhares de outras moedas digitais, muitas vezes referidas como criptomoedas ou até mesmo "shitcoins" por críticos que apontam sua volatilidade, falta de utilidade clara ou centralização. Essa comparação entre o Bitcoin e outras criptomoedas é essencial para entender os valores exclusivos que o Bitcoin representa.

O Bitcoin foi criado para ser uma alternativa ao sistema financeiro tradicional. Sua missão central é fornecer uma moeda descentralizada, resistente à censura e livre de intermediários como bancos ou governos.

Por outro lado, a maioria das outras criptomoedas/shitcoins surgiu com diferentes objetivos, que vão desde experimentos tecnológicos até planos de enriquecimento rápido. Muitas dessas moedas não têm a mesma descentralização e segurança do Bitcoin, sendo frequentemente geridas por equipes ou organizações centralizadas, o que as torna mais suscetíveis à manipulação e falhas de segurança.

Descentralização e segurança

Bitcoin: a rede Bitcoin é suportada por milhares de nós espalhados pelo mundo, garantindo verdadeira descentralização.

Seu algoritmo de consenso, Proof of Work (PoW), é amplamente testado e proporciona altos níveis de segurança contra ataques.

Não há controle centralizado, o que significa que nenhuma entidade pode alterar suas regras fundamentais.

Outras criptomoedas/shitcoins

Praticamente todas sacrificam descentralização em troca de velocidade ou funcionalidades adicionais.

Algumas utilizam mecanismos de consenso alternativos, como Proof of Stake (PoS), que, embora sejam mais eficientes em termos energéticos, são frequentemente criticados por favorecer a centralização e oferecer menor segurança.

Em muitos casos, há equipes de desenvolvimento centralizadas que podem modificar o código, criar mais unidades da moeda ou até encerrar o projeto, comprometendo a confiança dos usuários.

Oferta e escassez

Bitcoin: o Bitcoin tem uma quantidade limitada de 21 milhões de unidades, garantindo sua escassez.

Essa característica, junto com a crescente demanda, posiciona o Bitcoin como uma reserva de valor confiável, frequentemente comparado ao ouro digital.

Outras criptomoedas/shitcoins

Muitas não têm limites claros em sua oferta, resultando em inflação descontrolada.

Algumas “moedas” são intencionalmente inflacionárias, o que pode reduzir seu valor com o tempo.

Em muitos casos, essas “moedas” são pré-mineradas ou distribuídas de maneira desigual, favorecendo os criadores em detrimento da comunidade.

Finalidade e utilidade

Bitcoin: o Bitcoin é, acima de tudo, uma forma de dinheiro digital e reserva de valor.

Sua rede é confiável e simples, com o foco principal em ser um meio de troca e proteção contra a inflação.

Sua solidez o torna ideal para transações e armazenamento de valor a longo prazo.

Outras criptomoedas/shitcoins

Muitas shitcoins são apresentadas como soluções para casos específicos, como contratos inteligentes, jogos ou finanças descentralizadas.

Apesar de promessas ousadas, muitos falham em oferecer utilidade real ou em competir com soluções centralizadas já existentes.

Há um número considerável de projetos que não têm uma proposta clara e acabam sendo abandonados após um tempo de especulação.

Volatilidade e reputação

Bitcoin: embora o Bitcoin seja instável, ele é amplamente aceito como o padrão-ouro das moedas digitais.

Sua imagem foi construída ao longo de mais de dez anos de operação confiável e segurança comprovada.

Outras criptomoedas/shitcoins

Muitas shitcoins enfrentam alta volatilidade, frequentemente impulsionada por especulação ou manipulação de mercado.

A falta de clareza e as práticas duvidosas de alguns projetos prejudicam a imagem do setor como um todo.

Resistência à censura

Bitcoin: devido à sua descentralização e segurança, o Bitcoin é muito resistente à censura. Qualquer pessoa com acesso à internet pode participar da rede e fazer transações.

Outras criptomoedas/shitcoins

Muitas "shitcoins" dependem de estruturas centralizadas ou têm líderes identificáveis que podem ser pressionados por governos ou outros atores para censurar transações.

Resumindo, o Bitcoin continua sendo o líder indiscutível no mundo das moedas digitais devido à sua descentralização, segurança e escassez comprovada. Ele é um sistema feito para durar, oferecendo liberdade financeira e proteção contra a inflação.

Enquanto isso, muitas criptomoedas ou shitcoins não conseguem atingir os mesmos padrões de segurança e confiança, frequentemente priorizando velocidade, funções extras ou lucros especulativos rápidos. Para investidores e usuários, é importante distinguir entre o Bitcoin e os vários projetos alternativos, muitos dos quais podem não resistir ao teste do tempo.

O Bitcoin não só iniciou uma revolução financeira, mas continua sendo o padrão pelo qual todas as outras moedas digitais são medidas.

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Bitcoin Magazine

DDC Enterprise Secures $528 Million to Expand Bitcoin Holdings

Today, DDC Enterprise Limited (NYSE: DDC) announced it has raised three securities purchase agreements for a total of up to $528 million to expand its Bitcoin holdings. According to the press release, this is one of the largest single-purpose Bitcoin raises by any NYSE-listed company.

JUST IN: DDC Enterprise to raise up to $528 million to buy more #Bitcoin pic.twitter.com/CPxPlsjvwq

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 17, 2025

“Today is a defining moment for DDC Enterprise and our shareholders,” said the Founder and CEO of DDC Enterprise Norma Chu. “This capital commitment of up to $528 million, backed by respected institutions from both traditional finance and the digital asset frontier, represents a strong mandate to execute an ambitious corporate Bitcoin accumulation strategy globally. Our vision is unequivocal: we are building the world’s most valuable Bitcoin treasury.”

The funding, backed by investors including Anson Funds, Animoca Brands, Kenetic Capital, and QCP Capital, will be primarily allocated toward significantly increasing the company’s Bitcoin holdings.

“This funding is expected to propel DDC into one of the top global corporate Bitcoin holders,” stated Chu. “This investment by Anson Funds and the group of PIPE investors is a resounding validation of Bitcoin’s important role in future corporate balance sheets.”

Components of the capital raise include:

• $26 Million Equity PIPE Investment:
  The company will issue up to 2.4 million Class A ordinary shares at an average price of $10.30 to investors including Animoca Brands, Kenetic Capital, and QCP Capital. The shares will be restricted for 180 days.
• $300 Million Convertible Note and $2 Million Private Placement:
  Anson Funds will provide an initial $25 million with no interest and will mature in 24 months, with up to $275 million available in future tranches. Anson will also purchase 307,693 Class A ordinary shares for $2 million in a concurrent private placement.
• $200 Million Equity Line of Credit:
  Anson Funds has also committed to a $200 million equity line of credit (ELOC), giving DDC flexible access to capital for future Bitcoin purchases.

“At DDC, we will deploy this capital with institutional discipline and unwavering conviction, cementing our position as the premier bridge between global capital markets and the Bitcoin ecosystem,” said Chu. “DDC Enterprise is strongly positioned as the definitive publicly-traded vehicle for concentrated Bitcoin exposure and value creation. My focus will be on growing our BTC treasury and delivering attractive BTC yield consistently for our shareholders.”

This post DDC Enterprise Secures $528 Million to Expand Bitcoin Holdings first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

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Desde a sua criação, Bitcoin tem sido visto tanto como uma inovação financeira quanto como uma ameaça ao controlo governamental sobre a economia. Como uma moeda descentralizada, Bitcoin opera fora do sistema financeiro tradicional, desafiando a autoridade dos bancos centrais e dos governos que regulam a emissão e circulação do dinheiro. Essa característica tem levado a diversos conflitos entre governos e a crescente adoção de Bitcoin por indivíduos e empresas.

Razões para a oposição governamental

Perda de controlo monetário: Os governos controlam a economia através da emissão de moeda fiduciária e da definição de políticas monetárias. Como Bitcoin tem uma oferta fixa e não pode ser manipulado, isso reduz a influência governamental sobre a economia.

Dificuldade na tributação e fiscalização: A natureza descentralizada de Bitcoin dificulta a cobrança de impostos e o rastreamento de transações, tornando mais difícil para os governos garantir a conformidade fiscal.

Concorrência com moedas digitais estatais (CBDCs): Muitos países estão a desenvolver moedas digitais de banco central (CBDCs), que oferecem maior controlo sobre as transações financeiras. Bitcoin representa uma alternativa descentralizada, o que pode ameaçar a adoção dessas moedas estatais.

Preocupações com crimes financeiros: Alguns governos argumentam que Bitcoin pode ser usado para lavagem de dinheiro e financiamento ilícito, apesar de ser mais rastreável do que o dinheiro físico devido à transparência da blockchain ou timechain.

Exemplos de conflitos entre governos e Bitcoin

El Salvador: Foi o primeiro país a tornar Bitcoin moeda legal em 2021. Essa decisão gerou reações negativas de instituições financeiras internacionais, como o FMI, que alertou para riscos económicos e tentou pressionar o país a reverter a sua decisão.

China: Em 2021, a China proibiu a mineração e o uso de Bitcoin, citando preocupações ambientais e riscos financeiros. Apesar da proibição, muitos utilizadores chineses continuam a usar Bitcoin de forma descentralizada.

Estados Unidos: Embora Bitcoin seja legal nos EUA, o governo tem aumentado a regulamentação sobre exchanges e mineradores, tentando exercer maior controlo sobre a rede.

União Europeia: A UE tem imposto regulamentos rigorosos sobre Bitcoin, como exigências de identificação para transações, mas não proibiu a sua utilização.

O futuro da adoção do Bitcoin

Apesar da resistência de alguns governos, Bitcoin continua a ser adotado por indivíduos e empresas como uma alternativa financeira segura. Em países com economias instáveis, Bitcoin tem sido uma ferramenta essencial para proteger a riqueza contra a inflação e restrições bancárias.

A tentativa de controlo governamental pode dificultar a adoção de Bitcoin em algumas regiões, mas não impedirá o seu crescimento global. Como uma rede descentralizada, Bitcoin não pode ser banido completamente, e a sua utilidade como reserva de valor e meio de troca continuará a atrair utilizadores em todo o mundo.

Resumindo, os conflitos entre governos e a adoção de Bitcoin refletem o choque entre um sistema financeiro centralizado e uma tecnologia descentralizada que devolve o controlo do dinheiro aos indivíduos. Embora alguns governos tentem restringir o seu uso, Bitcoin continua a crescer e a provar a sua resistência, tornando-se cada vez mais uma opção viável para aqueles que procuram liberdade financeira.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

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O Bitcoin tem revolucionado a forma como as pessoas realizam transações financeiras em todo o mundo. Sendo uma moeda digital descentralizada, oferece novas oportunidades para pagamentos no comércio eletrónico e transferências internacionais de dinheiro. A sua rapidez, segurança e baixos custos tornam-no uma alternativa eficiente aos métodos tradicionais, eliminando intermediários e facilitando transações globais.

Bitcoin no comércio eletrónico

O comércio eletrónico tem crescido exponencialmente, e o Bitcoin surge como uma solução inovadora para pagamentos online. Grandes retalhistas e pequenas empresas estão a começar a aceitar Bitcoin como forma de pagamento, oferecendo benefícios tanto para os comerciantes como para os consumidores.

Vantagens do Bitcoin para o comércio eletrónico:

Baixas taxas de transação: ao contrário dos cartões de crédito e plataformas de pagamento que cobram taxas elevadas, as transações em Bitcoin apresentam, geralmente, custos mais reduzidos. Isto beneficia os comerciantes, que podem diminuir despesas e oferecer preços mais competitivos aos clientes.

Eliminação de chargebacks: no sistema tradicional, os chargebacks (reembolsos forçados pelos bancos ou operadoras de cartão) representam uma preocupação para os lojistas. Como as transações em Bitcoin são irreversíveis, os comerciantes evitam fraudes e disputas.

Acesso global: qualquer pessoa com acesso à Internet pode pagar com Bitcoin, independentemente da sua localização. Isto permite às empresas expandirem o seu mercado internacionalmente, sem depender de bancos ou sistemas de pagamento locais.

Privacidade e segurança: as transações em Bitcoin protegem a identidade do utilizador, oferecendo maior privacidade em comparação com pagamentos através de cartão de crédito ou transferências bancárias. Além disso, como não há necessidade de partilhar dados pessoais, o risco de roubo de informações é reduzido.

Desafios do Uso do Bitcoin no Comércio Eletrónico:

Volatilidade: o preço do Bitcoin pode oscilar rapidamente, o que dificulta a fixação de preços para produtos e serviços. No entanto, alguns comerciantes utilizam serviços de pagamento que convertem automaticamente Bitcoin em moeda fiduciária, minimizando esse risco.

Adoção limitada: apesar do crescimento, a aceitação do Bitcoin ainda não é universal. Muitas lojas e plataformas populares ainda não o adotaram, o que pode dificultar a sua utilização em compras diárias.

Tempo de confirmação: embora o Bitcoin seja mais rápido do que as transferências bancárias tradicionais, o tempo de confirmação pode variar consoante a taxa de rede paga. Algumas soluções, como a Lightning Network, estão a ser desenvolvidas para tornar os pagamentos instantâneos.

Bitcoin na remessa de dinheiro

O envio de dinheiro para o estrangeiro sempre foi um processo burocrático, dispendioso e demorado. Serviços tradicionais, como os bancos e empresas de transferência de dinheiro, cobram taxas elevadas e podem demorar dias a concluir uma transação. O Bitcoin, por outro lado, oferece uma alternativa eficiente para remessas globais, permitindo que qualquer pessoa envie e receba dinheiro de forma rápida e económica.

Benefícios do Bitcoin para remessas:

Custos reduzidos: enquanto os bancos e empresas como a Western Union cobram elevadas taxas para transferências internacionais, o Bitcoin permite o envio de dinheiro com custos mínimos, independentemente do montante ou do destino.

Velocidade nas transações: as transferências bancárias internacionais podem demorar vários dias a serem concluídas, especialmente em países com uma infraestrutura financeira limitada. Com o Bitcoin, o dinheiro pode ser enviado para qualquer parte do mundo em poucos minutos ou horas.

Acessibilidade global: em regiões onde o sistema bancário é restrito ou ineficiente, o Bitcoin possibilita que as pessoas recebam dinheiro sem depender de bancos. Isto é particularmente útil em países em desenvolvimento, onde as remessas internacionais são uma fonte essencial de rendimento.

Independência de intermediários: o Bitcoin opera de forma descentralizada, sem necessidade de recorrer a bancos ou empresas de transferência. Isto significa que as pessoas podem enviar dinheiro diretamente para amigos e familiares sem intermediários.

Desafios das remessas com Bitcoin:

Conversão para moeda local: apesar de o Bitcoin poder ser recebido instantaneamente, muitas pessoas ainda precisam de convertê-lo em moeda local para o utilizar. Isso pode envolver custos adicionais e depender da disponibilidade de serviços de câmbio.

Adoção e conhecimento: nem todos compreendem o funcionamento do Bitcoin, o que pode dificultar a sua adoção generalizada para remessas. No entanto, a crescente educação financeira sobre o tema pode ajudar a ultrapassar essa barreira.

Regulamentação e restrições: alguns governos impõem restrições ao uso do Bitcoin, tornando as remessas mais complicadas. A evolução das regulamentações pode afetar a facilidade de uso em determinados países.

Resumindo, o Bitcoin está a transformar o comércio eletrónico e as remessas de dinheiro em todo o mundo. A sua capacidade de eliminar intermediários, reduzir custos e oferecer pagamentos rápidos e seguros torna-o uma alternativa viável aos sistemas financeiros tradicionais.

No comércio eletrónico, proporciona benefícios para lojistas e consumidores, reduzindo taxas e melhorando a privacidade. No setor das remessas, facilita a transferência de dinheiro para qualquer parte do mundo, especialmente para aqueles que vivem em países com sistemas bancários pouco eficientes.

Apesar dos desafios, a adoção do Bitcoin continua a crescer, impulsionada por soluções inovadoras e pelo reconhecimento do seu potencial como meio de pagamento global. À medida que mais empresas e indivíduos aderirem a esta tecnologia, a sua presença no comércio eletrónico e nas remessas internacionais será cada vez mais relevante.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The Brazilian government has abolished the Bitcoin tax exemption for small investors and introduced a flat 17.5% tax rate on all crypto capital gains.

Brazil has officially ended the tax-free period for small digital asset investors, introducing a flat 17.5% rate on all profits from cryptocurrency sales. The decision was formalized through Provisional Measure 1303, part of the government’s strategy to increase tax revenues from financial markets.

Until now, Brazilian residents selling up to 35,000 Brazilian reais (around $6,300) in cryptocurrencies per month were completely exempt from income tax. Profits exceeding this threshold were subject to progressive taxation, starting at 15% and reaching up to 22.5% for amounts over 30 million reais.

The new flat rate, which took effect on June 12, removes all exemptions and applies uniformly to every investor, regardless of the size of their transactions, according to local outlet Portal do Bitcoin.

While small-scale investors will now face a higher tax burden, high-net-worth individuals might actually benefit. Under the previous system, large transactions were taxed between 17.5% and 22.5%. With the new flat 17.5% rate, many high-profile investors will see their effective tax liability reduced.

Under the new rules, taxes will be calculated quarterly, with investors allowed to offset losses from the previous five quarters. However, starting in 2026, the time frame for claiming losses will be shortened.

Last March, Brazilian lawmakers also proposed a bill allowing employers to partially pay workers in cryptocurrency. According to the draft, crypto payments could not exceed 50% of an employee’s salary.

Full payment in cryptocurrencies would only be allowed for foreign workers or contractors, and only under specific conditions set by the Brazilian Central Bank. The bill prohibits full crypto payment for standard employees.

The post Brazil scraps crypto tax exemption: new 17.5% flat tax appeared first on Atlas21.

@ df478568:2a951e67

It can already be used for pay-to-send e-mail. The send dialog is resizable and you can enter as long of a message as you like. It's sent directly when it connects. The recipient double-clicks on the transaction to see the full message. If someone famous is getting more e-mail than they can read, but would still like to have a way for fans to contact them, they could set up Bitcoin and give out the IP address on their website. "Send X bitcoins to my priority hotline at this IP and I'll read the message personally." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, January 17, 2009

"It might make sense just to get some in case it catches on. If enough people think the same way, that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Once it gets bootstrapped, there are so many applications if you could effortlessly pay a few cents to a website as easily as dropping coins in a vending machine." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, January 17, 2009

"Forgot to add the good part about micropayments. While I don't think Bitcoin is practical for smaller micropayments right now, it will eventually be as storage and bandwidth costs continue to fall. If Bitcoin catches on on a big scale, it may already be the case by that time. Another way they can become more practical is if I implement client-only mode and the number of network nodes consolidates into a smaller number of professional server farms. Whatever size micropayments you need will eventually be practical. I think in 5 or 10 years, the bandwidth and storage will seem trivial." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, August 10, 2010

"It can already be used for pay-to-send e-mail. The send dialog is resizable and you can enter as long of a message as you like. It's sent directly when it connects. The recipient double-clicks on the transaction to see the full message. If someone famous is getting more e-mail than they can read, but would still like to have a way for fans to contact them, they could set up Bitcoin and give out the IP address on their website. "Send X bitcoins to my priority hotline at this IP and I'll read the message personally." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, January 17, 2009

"It might make sense just to get some in case it catches on. If enough people think the same way, that becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Once it gets bootstrapped, there are so many applications if you could effortlessly pay a few cents to a website as easily as dropping coins in a vending machine." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, January 17, 2009

"Forgot to add the good part about micropayments. While I don't think Bitcoin is practical for smaller micropayments right now, it will eventually be as storage and bandwidth costs continue to fall. If Bitcoin catches on on a big scale, it may already be the case by that time. Another way they can become more practical is if I implement client-only mode and the number of network nodes consolidates into a smaller number of professional server farms. Whatever size micropayments you need will eventually be practical. I think in 5 or 10 years, the bandwidth and storage will seem trivial." -- Satoshi Nakamoto, August 10, 2010

Bitcoin Is Winning Fast AF

I began writing about using the lightning network about 150,000 blocks ago because I got tired of hearing that bitcoin can't make more than 7 transactions a minute. That was true 565,000 blocks ago, but is no longer true since the inception of the lightning network. For example:

• We sent 4,187 bitcoin payments over an 8-hour period at Bitcoin 2025, a Guinness Book of World Record winning achievement.
• Nostr is the biggest bitcoin circular economy in the world.
• Shake N Steak, a U.S.-based Hamburger franchise, accepts bitcoin over the Lightning Network at all of its locations.
• We can pay our credit cards with fractions of bitcoin (sats).
• We can use bitcoin over the lightning network to pay AI agents to do vibe coding using tools like Stacks and Goose.
• Bitcoin Helped Secure An Election In A County In Georgia.

I pay for Protonmail with bitcoin on-chain.

I can also use this email to send it to other people who do the same. I've only done this once to test it out, but it works. This is not new. The time chain uses Hashcash (with a double SHA256 algorithm instead of SHA1) for its famous proof-of-work. Hashcash was originally intended to prevent spam. Now you can use bitcoin to do the same.

I ran the numbers. Our world record is an average of 8.72 bitcoin transactions per second. This is just in one place, but bitcoin is a global monetary network. Bitcoin over the lightning network makes it possible to send value at the speed of light, anywhere in the world.

We won a world record. We are winning. We use money that we know works better than gold.

"If you don't believe me or don't get it, I don't have time to try to convince you, sorry." -- Satoshi Nakamoto

☮️ nostr:npub1marc26z8nh3xkj5rcx7ufkatvx6ueqhp5vfw9v5teq26z254renshtf3g0

901,672

Zap This Blog would like to think The Nakamoto Institute for making it easy to find these awsome Satoshi quotes. If you like this article, please Zap The Nakamoto Institute!

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

No sistema Bitcoin, a proteção e a posse dos fundos são asseguradas por um modelo criptográfico que usa chaves privadas e públicas. Esses componentes são fundamentais para a segurança digital, permitindo que os usuários administrem e protejam seus ativos de maneira descentralizada. Esse processo elimina a necessidade de intermediários, assegurando que somente o legítimo proprietário tenha acesso ao saldo vinculado a um endereço específico na blockchain ou timechain.

Chaves privadas e públicas são partes de um sistema de criptografia assimétrica, onde dois códigos distintos, mas matematicamente ligados, são utilizados para garantir a segurança e a veracidade das transações.

Chave Privada = É um código secreto, normalmente apresentado como uma longa sequência de números e letras.

Funciona como uma senha que dá ao proprietário o controle sobre os bitcoins ligados a um endereço específico.

Deve ser mantida em total sigilo, pois qualquer pessoa que a tenha pode movimentar os fundos correspondentes.

Chave Pública = É matematicamente derivada da chave privada, mas não permite que a chave privada seja descoberta.

Funciona como um endereço digital, semelhante a um número de conta bancária, podendo ser compartilhada livremente para receber pagamentos.

Serve para confirmar a autenticidade das assinaturas geradas com a chave privada.

Juntas, essas chaves asseguram que as transações sejam seguras e verificáveis, dispensando a necessidade de intermediários.

O funcionamento das chaves privadas e públicas baseia-se na criptografia de curva elíptica. Quando um usuário quer enviar bitcoins, ele usa sua chave privada para assinar digitalmente a transação. Essa assinatura é exclusiva para cada operação e demonstra que o remetente possui a chave privada relacionada ao endereço de envio.

Os nós da rede Bitcoin checam essa assinatura utilizando a chave pública correspondente, garantindo que:

A assinatura é válida.

A transação não foi alterada desde que foi assinada.

O remetente tem a propriedade legítima dos fundos.

Se a assinatura for aceita, a transação é registrada na blockchain ou timechain e se torna irreversível. Esse procedimento protege os fundos contra fraudes e gastos duplicados.

A segurança das chaves privadas é um dos pontos mais importantes do sistema Bitcoin. Perder essa chave significa perder permanentemente o acesso aos fundos, pois não há nenhuma autoridade central capaz de recuperá-la.

Boas práticas para proteger a chave privada incluem:

Armazenamento offline: longe de redes conectadas à internet, diminuindo o risco de ataques cibernéticos.

Carteiras de hardware: dispositivos físicos dedicados para armazenar chaves privadas de forma segura.

Backup e redundância: manter cópias de segurança em locais seguros e distintos.

Criptografia adicional: proteger arquivos digitais que contêm chaves privadas com senhas fortes e criptografia.

Ameaças comuns incluem:

Phishing e malware: ataques que tentam enganar os usuários para obter acesso às chaves.

Roubo físico: no caso de chaves guardadas em dispositivos físicos.

Perda de senhas e backups: que pode resultar na perda definitiva dos fundos.

O uso de chaves privadas e públicas dá ao proprietário controle total sobre seus fundos, eliminando intermediários como bancos ou governos. Esse modelo coloca a responsabilidade de proteção nas mãos do usuário, o que representa tanto liberdade quanto risco.

Diferente de sistemas financeiros tradicionais, onde instituições podem reverter transações ou congelar contas, no sistema Bitcoin, a posse da chave privada é a única prova de propriedade. Esse princípio é frequentemente resumido pela frase: "Not your keys, not your coins" (Se não são suas chaves, não são suas moedas).

Essa abordagem fortalece a soberania financeira, permitindo que indivíduos guardem e movam valor de maneira independente e sem censura.

Apesar de sua segurança, o sistema de chaves também apresenta riscos. Se uma chave privada for perdida ou esquecida, não existe como recuperar os fundos associados. Isso já levou à perda de milhões de bitcoins ao longo dos anos.

Para reduzir esse risco, muitos usuários utilizam frases-semente (seed phrases), que são uma lista de palavras usadas para restaurar carteiras e chaves privadas. Essas frases devem ser guardadas com o mesmo cuidado, pois também podem ser usadas para acessar os fundos.

Resumindo, as chaves privadas e públicas são a base da segurança e da propriedade no sistema Bitcoin. Elas asseguram que somente os verdadeiros proprietários possam mover seus fundos, promovendo um sistema financeiro descentralizado, seguro e resistente à censura.

No entanto, essa liberdade acarreta grandes responsabilidades, exigindo que os usuários adotem práticas severas para proteger suas chaves privadas. A perda ou comprometimento dessas chaves pode levar a consequências irreversíveis, ressaltando a importância de educação e preparação ao usar o sistema Bitcoin.

Assim, o modelo de chaves criptográficas não apenas melhora a segurança, mas também representa a essência da independência financeira proporcionada pelo Bitcoin.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

• This version introduces the Soroban P2P network, enabling Dojo to relay transactions to the Bitcoin network and share others' transactions to break the heuristic linking relaying nodes to transaction creators.

• Additionally, Dojo admins can now manage API keys in DMT with labels, status, and expiration, ideal for community Dojo providers like Dojobay. New API endpoints, including "/services" exposing Explorer, Soroban, and Indexer, have been added to aid wallet developers.
• Other maintenance updates include Bitcoin Core, Tor, Fulcrum, Node.js, plus an updated ban-knots script to disconnect inbound Knots nodes.

"I want to thank all the contributors. This again shows the power of true Free Software. I also want to thank everyone who donated to help Dojo development going. I truly appreciate it," said Still Dojo Coder.

What's new

• Soroban P2P network. For MyDojo (Docker setup) users, Soroban will be automatically installed as part of their Dojo. This integration allows Dojo to utilize the Soroban P2P network for various upcoming features and applications.
• PandoTx. PandoTx serves as a transaction transport layer. When your wallet sends a transaction to Dojo, it is relayed to a random Soroban node, which then forwards it to the Bitcoin network. It also enables your Soroban node to receive and relay transactions from others to the Bitcoin network and is designed to disrupt the assumption that a node relaying a transaction is closely linked to the person who initiated it.
  • Pushing transactions through Soroban can be deactivated by setting NODE_PANDOTX_PUSH=off in docker-node.conf.
  • Processing incoming transactions from Soroban network can be deactivated by setting NODE_PANDOTX_PROCESS=off in docker-node.conf.
• API key management has been introduced to address the growing number of people offering their Dojos to the community. Dojo admins can now access a new API management tab in their DMT, where they can create unlimited API keys, assign labels for easy identification, and set expiration dates for each key. This allows admins to avoid sharing their main API key and instead distribute specific keys to selected parties.
• New API endpoints. Several new API endpoints have been added to help API consumers develop features on Dojo more efficiently:
  • New:
    • /latest-block - returns data about latest block
    • /txout/:txid/:index - returns unspent output data
    • /support/services - returns info about services that Dojo exposes
  • Updated:
    • /tx/:txid - endpoint has been updated to return raw transaction with parameter ?rawHex=1
  • The new /support/services endpoint replaces the deprecated explorer field in the Dojo pairing payload. Although still present, API consumers should use this endpoint for explorer and other pairing data.

Other changes

• Updated ban script to disconnect inbound Knots nodes.
• Updated Fulcrum to v1.12.0.
• Regenerate Fulcrum certificate if expired.
• Check if transaction already exists in pushTx.
• Bump BTC-RPC Explorer.
• Bump Tor to v0.4.8.16, bump Snowflake.
• Updated Bitcoin Core to v29.0.
• Removed unnecessary middleware.
• Fixed DB update mechanism, added api_keys table.
• Add an option to use blocksdir config for bitcoin blocks directory.
• Removed deprecated configuration.
• Updated Node.js dependencies.
• Reconfigured container dependencies.
• Fix Snowflake git URL.
• Fix log path for testnet4.
• Use prebuilt addrindexrs binaries.
• Add instructions to migrate blockchain/fulcrum.
• Added pull policies.

#FREESAMOURAI

Learn how to set up and use your own Bitcoin privacy node with Dojo here.

Announcement / Archive
GitHub Repo

@ a10260a2:caa23e3e

If you're like me, you're bullish on privacy-preserving, reusable payment codes. BOLT 12 and Silent Payments are making it happen for Lightning and on-chain payments, respectively. I hope to update this table over time as more wallets support these two protocols.

| | Phoenix | Cake Wallet | Strike | Coinos | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | BOLT 12 (Send) | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | | BOLT12 (Receive) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | | Silent Payment (Send) | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | | Silent Payment (Receive) | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | | BIP 353 | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |

Resources: * What is BOLT 12? | Bolt12.org * Human readable addresses | Bitcoin Design * Setting up a Bitcoin username | Seth For Privacy

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Thailand Approves Five Year Bitcoin And Crypto Tax Break 

Thailand has approved a five year tax exemption on capital gains from cryptocurrency trading made through licensed digital asset platforms. The exemption will be in effect from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2029.

JUST IN: Thailand’s cabinet approved personal tax waiver on profits from the #Bitcoin and crypto sale over five years. pic.twitter.com/4gWc1gn84j

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 17, 2025

Deputy Finance Minister Julapun Amornvivat announced the measure, calling it a move to increase investment, stimulate economic activity, and drive long term growth.

Amornvivat stated, “The Cabinet approved a five-year crypto tax exemption to promote Thailand as a global digital asset hub.” 

According to the Ministry of Finance, the policy is designed to strengthen Thailand’s competitiveness in the global digital economy. It targets transparent growth, and aims to increase capital inflow into the Thai market. Officials expect over 1 billion baht in indirect tax revenue to result from the increased economic activity during the exemption period.

Amornvivat went on to say, “The capital gain tax exemption will be for the sale of digital assets made through operators regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission.”

The tax break applies only to platforms licensed by the Thai SEC. This includes exchanges that meet strict regulatory standards under the government’s digital finance framework. Exchanges without Thai licenses will not benefit from the exemption and continue to face restrictions.

Officials say the new exemption aligns with international standards from the OECD and FATF. The government is also exploring a possible value-added tax (VAT) on digital assets to support fiscal stability. 

Furthermore, this isn’t Thailand’s first step toward embracing Bitcoin or crypto.

Thailand approved its first spot Bitcoin ETF in 2024, allowing asset manager ONEAM to launch a fund for institutional investors. The ETF offers regulated exposure to Bitcoin through global funds and reflects growing demand for institutional access to the asset.

Thailand is taking a two sided approach. They support innovation through licensed platforms, while cracking down on unregulated players. With clearer rules and tax breaks, the country is positioning itself as a leader for Bitcoin and crypto growth in Southeast Asia. 

This post Thailand Approves Five Year Bitcoin And Crypto Tax Break  first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ 4c96d763:80c3ee30

Changes

Fernando López Guevara (2):

• fix: skip blurring for user's own images
• fix(search): make input background gray in light mode

William Casarin (24):

• clippy: fix large enum.
• clippy: fix large enum.
• scroll: simple fix
• note: cleanup wide/standard implementation
• android: hover post button when narrow
• fix note response regression
• nix: emulator
• log: less verbose unknown id logging
• chrome: collapsible side panel
• dave: small cleanup
• dave: add chrome toggle button
• chrome: extract method to function
• chrome: extract more non-methods
• Initial tab bar
• chrome: hook up toolbar actions
• toolbar: process actions
• nix: add $ANDROID_JAR helper to shell
• add input context menu helper
• thread: enable selectable text in threads
• universe: add full tabs
• android: fix build
• dave: initial android fixes
• android: arboard clipboard support
• android: add initial ci

alltheseas (1):

• Update README.md with deepwiki badge (#875)

kernelkind (1):

• bugfix: txn failed

pushed to notedeck:refs/heads/master

@ faade9ee:1c6dfd69

This is a normal piece of text.z

This is a bold piece of text via button press.z

this is also bold, but via double-starsz

this is an italic via button press

this also but via one-star

look, it's an underline!

oh, a piece of code has appeared. Nice. Button press tho. seems like it's purple / missed styling it, will change that.

another code but via text

code block, kinda buggy (really buggy actually x3)

```this is another, but via text which is disabled for now as it's cause issues```

This is a top number thing²²²

a bottom number thing_5ss65435ghrt

• bullets!

• another!

  • a third!

• Number!

• another!

  1. a third!

• [x] check

• [x] box

this is a quote

"quote"

heading 1

heading 2

heading 3 via text

heading 4 via text

heading 5 via text

heading 6 via text

this is a link via text (button has an annoyance bug)


---

video below

::youtube{#aApSteSbeGA}

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

Trump Media & Technology Group is targeting the digital asset market by registering a Bitcoin and Ethereum exchange-traded fund (ETF) with NYSE Arca.

On June 16, Truth Social — a company controlled by Trump Media & Technology Group — officially submitted documentation for a Bitcoin and Ethereum-based Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

NEW: Trump's Truth Social has filed for a dual Bitcoin & Ethereum ETF. pic.twitter.com/a5iZtrtUyk

— James Seyffart (@JSeyff) June 16, 2025

This initiative would allow the social media platform to diversify its operations by entering the digital asset sector through these financial products.

The filing proposes a trust structure that would directly hold bitcoin and ether, with 75% of the fund’s assets invested in bitcoin and 25% in ether.

The Truth Social Bitcoin and Ethereum ETF will have Yorkville America Digital as the fund’s sponsor, while custody of the digital assets will be entrusted to the Crypto.com exchange.

The choice of NYSE Arca as the listing venue for the fund is no coincidence: this market already hosts several cryptocurrency-linked ETFs and offers the necessary technological infrastructure to manage these financial instruments.

Trump Media & Technology Group’s move aligns with a broader trend in which public companies are increasingly integrating Bitcoin and other digital assets into their corporate treasuries.

Devin Nunes, CEO of Trump Media & Technology Group, stated:

“Trump Media’s vision is to aggressively enhance our offerings and capabilities, which includes holding bitcoin in our corporate treasury.”

The final approval of the Truth Social Bitcoin and Ethereum ETF will depend on the outcome of the regulatory review process at the SEC, which must assess the product’s compliance with current regulations on exchange-traded funds and cryptocurrency investments.

The post Truth Social files for Bitcoin-Ethereum ETF appeared first on Atlas21.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Fold Holdings Secures $250 Million Equity Deal to Expand Bitcoin Treasury

Today, Fold Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: FLD), the first publicly traded bitcoin financial services company, has announced a $250 million equity purchase agreement to significantly increase its bitcoin holdings.

JUST IN: Publicly traded Fold secures $250 million equity facility to buy more #Bitcoin pic.twitter.com/M7E3fzwAsT

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 17, 2025

Fold Holdings has the option, but not the obligation, to issue and sell up to $250 million in new common stock. The ability to access the funds is subject to certain conditions, including the requirement that a registration statement covering the resale of the stock be filed with and approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

“The Company is not required to use the Facility and controls the timing and amount of any drawdown on the Facility, subject to certain restrictions under the Facility,” said the press release. “The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the Facility, if any, primarily to acquire additional bitcoin for Fold’s corporate treasury.”

The shares offered under the facility will be issued through a private placement, relying on exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and Regulation D. Fold noted that it “plans to file with the SEC a registration statement relating to the resale of the Common Stock issuable under the Facility.”

“The offers and sales of the Common Stock issuable under the Facility will be made in a private placement in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933,” according to the press release. “The Company cannot draw on the Facility, and the Common Stock may not be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted, prior to the time that the registration statement covering the resale of the Common Stock is declared effective by the SEC.”

On May 19, Fold also announced the launch of its Bitcoin gift card, marking its entry into the $300 billion U.S. retail gift card market. This new product allows consumers to purchase and gift bitcoin through familiar retail channels, with plans to expand to major retailers nationwide throughout the year.

“This gift card gives us distribution directly to millions of Americans who may not be buying Bitcoin because they haven’t downloaded a new app, don’t have a brokerage account, or haven’t seen the ETF,” said the Chairman and CEO of Fold Will Reeves.

“I think there’s a real chance by the end of 2025 that Bitcoin becomes the most popular gift in America because of this card,” stated Reeves.

This post Fold Holdings Secures $250 Million Equity Deal to Expand Bitcoin Treasury first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Oscar Zarraga Perez.

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

Ukraine Introduces Bill to Allow Bitcoin in National Reserves

Ukraine has introduced a bill that would give its central bank the legal right to hold Bitcoin and other assets as part of its national reserves. The draft law, submitted to the Verkhovna Rada on June 10, 2025, proposes updates to existing legislation to include “virtual assets” in the foreign exchange and gold reserves of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU). 

NEW: Ukraine introduces bill for Bitcoin Reserve in Parliament pic.twitter.com/bYIiCNF13D

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 17, 2025

This doesn’t mean Ukraine is officially adding Bitcoin to its balance sheet just yet, but it would give the central bank the green light to do so in the future.  

One of the bill’s co-sponsors, Member of Parliament Yaroslav Zhelezniak, emphasized that the legislation is about granting permission, not making it a requirement. “Whether and to what extent they actually do so,” he said, “is up to the institution itself.” 

Zhelezniak recently discussed with Binance’s regional head Kyrylo Khomiakov, that he believes Bitcoin could help Ukraine strengthen its economic position and contribute to long term digital innovation. 

The timing of the bill is vital as Ukraine has been under enormous financial pressure since Russia’s invasion in 2022. Inflation remains high, the hryvnia has lost significant value, and the country is heavily reliant on international aid and loans. The NBU has managed to hold roughly $44.5 billion in reserves, mostly in U.S. dollars and government securities, but its room to maneuver is limited.  

Back in 2022, the Ukrainian government was actively raising donations for the war effort through Bitcoin. They had an official wallet set up for donations, and their politicians were publicly tweeting out the addresses asking for support. On the first day alone, Ukraine’s official Bitcoin wallet raised over $3.5 million. By leaning into Bitcoin during their time of crisis, the government showed their belief and commitment in it, and this new bill shows that that commitment has not faded.  

NEW Ukraine government #Bitcoin wallet raises OVER $3.5 MILLION in 1st day of donations

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) February 27, 2022

If this bill is adopted, it could position Ukraine as one of the first countries to give its central bank the legal ability to hold Bitcoin as a strategic reserve asset.

This post Ukraine Introduces Bill to Allow Bitcoin in National Reserves first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

VanEck analyst Matthew Sigel warns of growing risks for Bitcoin treasury companies as their stock prices approach NAV.

Matthew Sigel, Head of Digital Assets Research at VanEck, has sounded the alarm for companies that have adopted Bitcoin-based treasury strategies.

No public BTC treasury company has traded below its Bitcoin NAV for a sustained period.

But at least one is now approaching parity.

As some of these companies raise capital through large at-the-market (ATM) programs to buy BTC, a risk is emerging: If the stock trades at or near…

— matthew sigel, recovering CFA (@matthew_sigel) June 16, 2025

In a post on X, Sigel highlighted an emerging issue in the sector of companies holding Bitcoin treasuries. Until now, no public company with a Bitcoin treasury has ever traded below its own Net Asset Value (NAV) for extended periods. The NAV represents the net value of a company’s assets (such as bitcoin and cash) minus its liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares — essentially indicating the real value of each share based on the company’s holdings. However, at least one of these companies (Semler Scientific) is now dangerously approaching breakeven.

The core of the issue lies in the capital-raising mechanism. Many of these companies rely on large-scale at-the-market (ATM) programs to acquire bitcoin, but when the stock price nears the NAV, this strategy can shift from creating value to destroying it.

The risk for shareholders

Under normal market conditions, companies like Semler Scientific and Strategy trade at a premium to the value of the bitcoin they hold. This means investors are willing to pay more for the company’s stock than the simple value of its bitcoin treasury.

However, when a company’s stock price approaches or falls below its NAV, the situation becomes problematic, according to Sigel. Issuing new shares at these levels not only dilutes the value for existing shareholders but can also become extractive, as management continues to raise capital while benefiting more than shareholders.

Proposed solutions

Sigel suggested several measures for companies pursuing Bitcoin treasury strategies. His recommendations include implementing preventive safeguards while stock premiums still exist. Notably, he proposes announcing a pause in ATM issuances if the stock trades below 0.95 times NAV for ten or more consecutive trading days. Additionally, Sigel advises prioritizing buybacks when bitcoin appreciates but the company’s equity does not reflect that increase.

Lessons from Bitcoin miners’ past

The VanEck analyst pointed out that similar situations have occurred in the Bitcoin mining sector, marked by persistent equity issuances and disproportionate executive compensation. To avoid repeating those mistakes, Sigel suggests that executive pay should be tied to growth in NAV per share, not the size of the Bitcoin position or the total number of outstanding shares.

Sigel concluded:

“Once you are trading at NAV, shareholder dilution is no longer strategic. It is extractive. Boards and shareholders should act with discipline now, while they still have the benefit of optionality.”

The post Bitcoin treasury: VanEck sounds the alarm for companies in the danger zone appeared first on Atlas21.

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• The latest firmware updates for COLDCARD devices introduce two major features: COLDCARD Co-sign (CCC) and Key Teleport between two COLDCARD Q devices using QR codes and/or NFC with a website.

What's new

• COLDCARD Co-Sign: When CCC is enabled, a second seed called the Spending Policy Key (Key C) is added to the device. This seed works with the device's Main Seed and one or more additional XPUBs (Backup Keys) to form 2-of-N multisig wallets.
  • The spending policy functions like a hardware security module (HSM), enforcing rules such as magnitude and velocity limits, address whitelisting, and 2FA authentication to protect funds while maintaining flexibility and control, and is enforced each time the Spending Policy Key is used for signing.
  • When spending conditions are met, the COLDCARD signs the partially signed bitcoin transaction (PSBT) with the Main Seed and Spending Policy Key for fund access. Once configured, the Spending Policy Key is required to view or change the policy, and violations are denied without explanation.

"You can override the spending policy at any time by signing with either a Backup Key and the Main Seed or two Backup Keys, depending on the number of keys (N) in the multisig."

• A step-by-step guide for setting up CCC is available here.

• Key Teleport for Q devices allows users to securely transfer sensitive data such as seed phrases (words, xprv), secure notes and passwords, and PSBTs for multisig. It uses QR codes or NFC, along with a helper website, to ensure reliable transmission, keeping your sensitive data protected throughout the process.

  • For more technical details, see the protocol spec.

"After you sign a multisig PSBT, you have option to “Key Teleport” the PSBT file to any one of the other signers in the wallet. We already have a shared pubkey with them, so the process is simple and does not require any action on their part in advance. Plus, starting in this firmware release, COLDCARD can finalize multisig transactions, so the last signer can publish the signed transaction via PushTX (NFC tap) to get it on the blockchain directly."

• Multisig transactions are finalized when sufficiently signed. It streamlines the use of PushTX with multisig wallets.
• Signing artifacts re-export to various media. Users are now provided with the capability to export signing products, like transactions or PSBTs, to alternative media rather than the original source. For example, if a PSBT is received through a QR code, it can be signed and saved onto an SD card if needed.
• Multisig export files are signed now. Public keys are encoded as P2PKH address for all multisg signature exports. Learn more about it here.
• NFC export usability upgrade: NFC keeps exporting until CANCEL/X is pressed.
• Added Bitcoin Safe option to Export Wallet.
• 10% performance improvement in USB upload speed for large files.
• Q: Always choose the biggest possible display size for QR.

Fixes

• Do not allow change Main PIN to same value already used as Trick PIN, even if Trick PIN is hidden.
• Fix stuck progress bar under Receiving... after a USB communications failure.
• Showing derivation path in Address Explorer for root key (m) showed double slash (//).
• Can restore developer backup with custom password other than 12 words format.
• Virtual Disk auto mode ignores already signed PSBTs (with “-signed” in file name).
• Virtual Disk auto mode stuck on “Reading…” screen sometimes.
• Finalization of foreign inputs from partial signatures. Thanks Christian Uebber!
• Temporary seed from COLDCARD backup failed to load stored multisig wallets.
• Destroy Seed also removes all Trick PINs from SE2.
• Lock Down Seed requires pressing confirm key (4) to execute.
• Q only: Only BBQr is allowed to export Coldcard, Core, and pretty descriptor.

Blog Post / Archive
GitHub Repo
CCC Guide
Key Teleport site

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

BBVA Tells Wealthy Clients to Invest Up to 7% in Bitcoin 

Spanish bank BBVA is now advising its wealthy clients to invest up to 7% of their portfolios in crypto and Bitcoin, showing how traditional banks are starting to see the potential of Bitcoin. 

JUST IN: Spain's second largest bank BBVA is telling wealthy clients to invest in Bitcoin — Reuters pic.twitter.com/i2Pqg85uSk

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 17, 2025

“With private customers, since September last year, we started advising on Bitcoin,” said Philippe Meyer, head of digital & blockchain solutions at BBVA Switzerland, during the DigiAssets conference in London. “The riskier profile, we allow up to 7% of portfolios in crypto.”

The bank’s private wealth division is currently recommending clients allocate 3% to 7% of their portfolio to Bitcoin and crypto, depending on their individual appetite. While many private banks have offered to execute Bitcoin or crypto trades upon request, it remains rare for a global financial institution to formally advise clients to buy. BBVA is currently recommending allocations specifically in Bitcoin. 

Meyer emphasized that even a modest allocation to Bitcoin can have a meaningful impact on portfolio returns, “If you look at a balanced portfolio, if you introduce 3%, you already boost the performance,” he said. “At 3%, you are not taking a huge risk.” 

BBVA began executing Bitcoin purchases for its clients in 2021, but Meyer said this is the first time it is formally advising allocations. In June 2021, the bank launched Bitcoin trading and custody services through its Swiss subsidiary for private clients. “With this innovative offer, BBVA positions itself as a benchmark institution in the adoption of blockchain technology,” said BBVA Switzerland CEO Alfonso Gómez at the time. 

BREAKING: Spain's BBVA is opening #Bitcoin trading and custody to all private banking clients in Switzerland. pic.twitter.com/2ppfs34g6F

— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) June 18, 2021

BBVA’s interest in digital currency goes back even further. As early as 2015, the bank made it clear that it viewed Bitcoin and blockchain technology as more than just a passing trend. In a statement that now seems increasingly prescient, BBVA said “institutions that understand Bitcoin and digital currencies will lead the new monetary system,” highlighting its belief that early adopters would gain a strategic advantage. 

This early support set BBVA apart from many of its peers, as few major banks were willing to publicly engage with Bitcoin at the time. 

What began as interest in blockchain technology has turned into direct investment guidance, now culminating in BBVA formally advising wealthy clients to allocate up to 7% of their portfolios into Bitcoin, a clear sign the bank sees it as a long term part of its future.

This post BBVA Tells Wealthy Clients to Invest Up to 7% in Bitcoin  first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ afe67e17:51316efb

La lingvo kaj ĝia potenco

La nuna lingvo de diplomatio ne devas esti la lingvo de agresema predanto kiel Usono de Usono nek iu ajn alia neŭtrala nacio.

Ĝis hodiaŭ ne estas neŭtralaj nacioj en la planedo kaj tial ne unu sola denaska lingvo ni ideala por diplomatio.

Esperanto estas la plej bona disponebla eblo, moderna kaj riĉa.

Batalu reen por unueco kaj libereco.

Kiel?

Facila, rigardu, kiel ili dividas vin

*1. Per Lingvo:*

Faru al Esperanto vian universalan lingvon, ne donu potencon al la lingvo de unu nacio, kiu donas potencon al tiu nacio kaj al iliaj aliancanoj kaj dividas vin.

*2. De Religio:*

Foriru de iu ajn religia ekstremisma linio kaj laboru por unuigi ilin ĉiujn en unu, labori forte pri ĝi, ĉi tio prenos almenaŭ du generaciojn kaj ĝi komenciĝas per edukado kaj jura reformo forigante la rajton al ĉiuj religiaj organizoj, ili ne devas ekzisti, la fido ne bezonas kompanion senpage kun amasaj financoj krom se ĝi celas manipuli kaj kontroli, malfermi viajn okulojn.

*3 -a per tero:*

Tio daŭros vin pli kaj estas la lasta paŝo, sed post kiam vi sukcesos solvi la unuajn du, vi povas komenci la malrapidan procezon de homa reunuiĝo forigante limojn kaj krei teran nacion.

Kiom da tempo ĝi daŭros?

Nekonata, vi estas tiel juna, eble malmultaj jarcentoj, sed la semoj estas tie, nutras ilin!

@ cae03c48:2a7d6671

Bitcoin Magazine

U.S. Senate Passes Stablecoin Bill The GENIUS Act

The U.S. Senate has passed the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act (S. 394) by a vote of 68-30, establishing the first comprehensive federal framework for fiat-backed stablecoins.

The bipartisan legislation was introduced by Senator Bill Hagerty and co-sponsored by Senators Tim Scott, Kirsten Gillibrand, and Cynthia Lummis. It passed under the official title “Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins of 2025.” 

The United States Senate has passed the GENIUS Act

— Bo Hines (@BoHines) June 17, 2025

“Today, on a bipartisan basis, the Senate passed its first piece of major legislation this Congress with my bill—the GENIUS Act,” said Senator Hagerty. “With GENIUS, the United States is one step closer to becoming the crypto capital of the world.” 

The GENIUS Act tightly regulates payment stablecoins, requiring 1:1 dollar-backed reserves, monthly disclosures, audits, and clear federal or state licensing. It prohibits algorithmic coins and places strict limitations on rehypothecation and commingling of reserves. Importantly, the bill also amends existing securities laws to explicitly state that compliant stablecoins are not securities—freeing them from SEC jurisdiction.  

While the bill is aimed at stablecoins, Bitcoin proponents see it as a foundational win. 

Stablecoins act as bridges into Bitcoin, enabling on-ramps, easier settlements, and institutional access. By legitimizing stablecoin infrastructure, the U.S. is indirectly reinforcing the rails on which Bitcoin operates. 

And as the financial system modernizes, trusted access points like dollar-backed tokens could play a role in onboarding new Bitcoin users—especially in international markets and corporate treasuries. 

“The U.S. Senate has passed the GENIUS Act — landmark stablecoin legislation that provides regulatory clarity, enhances consumer protection, and extends U.S. dollar dominance online,” said President Donald Trump’s AI & Crypto Czar David Sacks. “Thanks to President Trump for his leadership on crypto & Senator Hagerty for authoring the bill.”

The passage of the GENIUS Act may be the clearest signal yet that the U.S. is preparing for a stablecoin and Bitcoin-powered future.   

This post U.S. Senate Passes Stablecoin Bill The GENIUS Act first appeared on Bitcoin Magazine and is written by Jenna Montgomery.

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

This article was originally published on dev.to by satshacker.

Alright, you’ve built a useful and beautiful website, tool or app. However, monetization isn’t a priority and you’d rather keep the project free, ads-free and accessible?

Accepting donations would be an option, but how? A PayPal button? Stripe? Buymeacoffe? Patreon?

All of these services require a bank account and KYC verification, before you can send and receive donations – not very convenient.

If we only could send value over the internet, with just one click and without the need of a bank account…

Oh, hold on, that’s bitcoin. The decentralized protocol to send value across the globe. Money over TCP/IP.

In this article, we’ll learn how anyone can easily add a payment button or donation widget on a website or app.

Let’s get into it.

Introduction

Bitcoin is digital money that you can send and receive without the need for banks. While bitcoin is extremely secure, it’s not very fast. The maximum transactions per second (TPS) the network can handle is about 7. Obviously that’s not useful for daily payments or microtransactions.

If you’d like to dig deeper into how bitcoin works, a great read is “Mastering Bitcoin” by Andreas Antonopoulos.

Bitcoin vs Lightning

If you’d like to receive bitcoin donations “on-chain” all you need is a bitcoin wallet. You simply display your bitcoin address on your site and that’s it. You can receive donations.

It would look something like this; 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa

Instead of showing the actual bitcoin address, you can also turn it into a QR code.

However, this is not a recommended solution. Using static on-chain addresses has two major downsides. It lowers privacy for you and your donnors and it’s a UTXO disaster because many small incoming transactions could beocme hard to consolidate in the future.

For donations and small transactions, the Lightning Network is the better option. Lightning allows for instant settlement with fees only a fraction of a cent.

Similar to bitcoin, you have the choice between non-custodial and custodial wallets. This means, either you have full control over your money or the wallet provider has.

Option 1: Lightning Address

With the lightning address feature, you an easily receive donations to an email like address.

It looks like this: yourname@wallet.com

Many wallets support lightning addresses and make it easy to create one. Then, you simple add the address to your donation page and you’re ready to receive tips.

You can also add a link link as in lightning:yourname@wallet.com and compatible lightning wallets and browser wallets will detect the address.

How to get a Lightning Address Fast

Option 2: Lightning Donation Widgets

If you like to take it a step further, you can also create a more enhanced donation checkout flow. Of course you could programm something yourself, there are many open source libraries you can build upon. If you want a simple plug-and-play solution, here are a couple of options:

Name

Type

Registration

SatSale

Self-hosted

No KYC

BTCPay Server

Self-hosted

No KYC

Pay With Flash

Widget

Email

Geyser Fund

Widget

Email

The Giving Block

Hosted

KYC

OpenNode

Hosted

KYC

---

SatSale (GitHub)

Lightweight, self-hosted Bitcoin/Lightning payment processor. No KYC.

Ideal for developers comfortable with server management. Simple to deploy, supports both on-chain and Lightning, and integrates with WooCommerce.

---

BTCPay Server

Powerful, open-source, self-hosted processor for Bitcoin and Lightning. No KYC.

Supports multiple currencies, advanced features, and full privacy. Requires technical setup and maintenance. Funds go directly to your wallet; great for those seeking full control.

---

Pay With Flash

Easiest for indie hackers. Add a donation widget with minimal code and no KYC. Payments go directly to your wallet for a 1.5% fee.

Setup Steps:

1. Sign up at PayWithFlash.com
2. Customize your widget in the dashboard
3. Embed the code:

1. Test to confirm functionality

Benefits:

• Minimal technical skills required
• Supports one-time or recurring donations
• Direct fund transfer, no intermediaries

---

Geyser Fund

Crowdfunding platform. Widget-based, connects to your wallet, email registration.Focused on Bitcoin crowdfunding, memberships and donations.

---

The Giving Block

Hosted, KYC required. Integrates with fiat and crypto, best for nonprofits or larger organizations.

---

OpenNode

Hosted, KYC required. Accept Bitcoin payments and donations; supports conversion to fiat, suitable for businesses and nonprofits.

---

Summary

• Fast, low-code setup: Use Pay With Flash or Geyser Fund.
• Privacy and control: Choose SatSale or BTCPay Server (requires technical skills).
• Managed, compliant solutions: The Giving Block or OpenNode.

Choose based on your technical comfort, privacy needs, and project scale.

I hope this article helped you. If you added bitcoin donations, share your link in the comments and I will send you a few satoshis maybe

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

A rede Bitcoin é formada por uma infraestrutura descentralizada feita de dispositivos chamados nós. Esses nós têm um papel crucial na validação, verificação e manutenção do sistema, assegurando a segurança e a integridade do blockchain ou timechain. Ao contrário dos sistemas tradicionais, onde uma autoridade central controla as operações, a rede Bitcoin requer a colaboração de milhares de nós pelo mundo, promovendo descentralização e transparência.

Na rede Bitcoin, um nó é qualquer computador que está conectado ao sistema e participa do armazenamento, validação ou distribuição de informações. Esses dispositivos rodam o software do Bitcoin e podem operar em diferentes níveis de participação, desde tarefas básicas de transmissão de dados até a validação total de transações e blocos.

Existem dois tipos principais de nós:

Nós completos (full nodes):

Armazenam uma cópia total do blockchain ou timechain.

Validam e verificam todas as transações e blocos de acordo com as regras do protocolo.

Asseguram a segurança da rede ao rejeitar transações inválidas ou tentativas de fraude.

Nós leves (light nodes):

Armazenam somente partes do blockchain ou timechain, não a estrutura inteira.

Confiam em nós completos para obter dados sobre o histórico de transações.

São mais rápidos e menos exigentes em termos de recursos, mas dependem de terceiros para validação completa.

Os nós conferem se as transações enviadas seguem as regras do protocolo, como assinaturas digitais válidas e ausência de gastos duplos.

Somente transações válidas são enviadas para outros nós e incluídas no próximo bloco.

Os nós completos mantêm uma cópia atualizada de todo o histórico de transações da rede, garantindo integridade e transparência e se houver discrepâncias, os nós seguem a cadeia mais longa e válida, evitando manipulações.

Os nós transmitem informações de transações e blocos para outros nós na rede. Esse processo assegura que todos os participantes estejam sincronizados e atualizados.

Como a rede Bitcoin é composta por milhares de nós independentes, é quase impossível que um único agente controle ou modifique o sistema.

Os nós também protegem contra ataques ao validar informações e barrar tentativas de fraudes.

Os nós completos são muito importantes, pois atuam como auditores independentes. Eles não precisam de terceiros e podem verificar todo o histórico de transações diretamente.

Ao manterem uma cópia completa do blockchain ou timechain, esses nós permitem que qualquer pessoa valide transações sem depender de intermediários, promovendo clareza e liberdade financeira.

Além disso, os nós completos:

Reforçam a resistência à censura: Nenhum governo ou entidade pode excluir ou alterar dados registrados no sistema.

Preservam a descentralização: Quanto mais nós completos existirem, mais segura e forte será a rede.

Aumentam a confiança no sistema: Os usuários podem confirmar de forma independente se as regras estão sendo seguidas.

Apesar de seu valor, operar um nó completo pode ser difícil, pois exige espaço de armazenamento, processamento e largura de banda. À medida que o blockchain ou timechain cresce, os requisitos técnicos aumentam, o que pode dificultar a participação de usuários comuns.

Para resolver esse problema, a comunidade busca sempre soluções, como melhorias no software e aumento na escalabilidade, para facilitar o acesso à rede sem prejudicar a segurança.

Resumindo, os nós são a base da rede Bitcoin, desempenhando funções importantes na validação, verificação e distribuição de transações. Eles garantem a descentralização e a segurança do sistema, permitindo que os participantes operem de forma confiável sem depender de intermediários.

Particularmente, os nós completos têm um papel crucial na proteção da integridade do blockchain ou timechain, tornando a rede Bitcoin resistente a censura e manipulação.

Embora operar um nó possa exigir recursos técnicos, seu efeito na preservação da liberdade financeira e na confiança do sistema é inestimável. Assim, os nós continuam sendo elementos essenciais para o sucesso e a durabilidade do Bitcoin.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ ae8ef557:3633e453

The boy left the piano and ran toward his parents. "Shall we play another song?" In one of those surprisingly magical moments, the three of them were playing together, pretending to be a band: the father with the trumpet, playing distractedly while checking messages on his phone; the mother with the guitar, smiling and listening attentively; the son with the piano, happy. Stumbles in the notes, laughter, joy. "Tomorrow is Monday," she remembered. They stopped and put away the instruments—they could do it another time. There was time. There's always more time, right?

That night, like any other on a typical week, they fulfilled the ritual of dinner at eight, a shower before bed, getting the uniform and backpack ready. Afterward, the quick hug to the father and the long kiss to the mother. In turn, the parents continued with their own routine: checking emails, reading for a while. He went to sleep while she logged on to her computer to teach an online class. The nocturnal silence took over the house, interrupted only by the occasional comment from her lesson.

The scream startled her. Was it coming from a neighbor's house? No, it couldn't be. That slight sensation in her chest, that anguish... She decided to go see how her only son was doing. When she was about to reach the second floor, she heard some moaning. She ran to the room. Her boy, curled up in a ball, and beside the bed, vomit. The forehead first—it was burning—then the abdomen. Another scream tore through her. The father woke up and approached to ask what was happening. "I don't know. Go to sleep, I'll handle it." How many other times had she said that? Without thinking, without considering the weight of the tacit agreement between them, of the comfortable distance he called space.

She lifted her son in her arms, covered him with a blanket, and took him to the emergency room. The bright lights of triage, the familiar waiting, then nurse, and finally, doctor. She knew the procedure by heart. She was always the one who handled these emergencies, who knew the nurses, who knew his medical history —allergies, previous injuries. "The experience of having an athlete son," she used to say. During the examination, the boy remained curled up. "It looks like acute appendicitis," the doctor said. "We need an urgent ultrasound and blood work."

The mother grew impatient between her child's suffering and the staff's slowness. She demanded faster attention, called the nurses over and over. "The CT scan shows perforation with fluid in the abdomen," she heard afterward. "He needs surgery now." When they came rushing and took him, while she waited for the results... it had been because of her demands, surely. She never thought she wouldn't see him again. How could she imagine that emptiness that would take over her chest, to the point of not being able to breathe?

They called the father. He arrived disoriented, like someone arriving in unknown territory, and somewhat worried, not much, because he was used to her taking care of things. The father listened to the doctor's explanation with a distorted face. "I'm very sorry. There were complications. The perforation caused severe sepsis." The man let out a scream that echoed throughout the entire hallway: "He died alone, my God, he died alone." It was the first time in years that he expressed something so profound, and it came too late. A postponed fatherhood concentrated in an instant.

Hadn't the mother been with her son until they took him away? Or the doctor and staff in the operating room? He didn't ask about her, didn't look for her. She wanted to speak, but the words wouldn't come out. If she hadn't been at the hospital, perhaps no one would have comforted her in that terrible moment. She moved because she had to, responded because they asked her. From that night she would only remember her son's face and small hands when she let them go for the last time. Afterward, only the reconstruction of events through the eyes of others: her sister and her parents.

Who thinks about when it will be the last time for anything? The last chess game with the father, the last dinner out with the mother, the last birthday of the favorite aunt. The last frightened squeeze of a small child's hand. They hadn't paid attention. Why would they? You always think there's more time.

The days that followed blurred into a hazy sequence of impossible decisions. Arrangements had to be made. At first, everything seemed suspended, even sadness. A family eclipse where darkness takes everything. You know it's temporary, but you can't glimpse the light. The family gropes around like blind people, and slowly grief sprouts. Decisions are made that will be forgotten: how to tell others, who will speak and who won't. An endless series of unimportant actions in the face of pain invading everything, little by little, to then explode like a volcano. The siblings of both parents and the grandparents crying. The parents in black silence.

The funeral passed. The weeks passed. For the mother, everything was now subordinated to the memory of an ancient life. The habit of picking him up after school or some activity outside, seeing him walk toward the car, seeing him walk away. His voice. His smell. He still smelled like a child—he was still a few months away from his eleventh birthday. He was still her little one. She could take his hand to cross the street, give him a long hug just because, plant a kiss on his cheek. He didn't impose that distance that comes when children start becoming men. Her boy, the storyteller of the childhood world... had departed.

As the months passed, the father withdrew more and more. He came home later and later, hardly spoke. He avoided talking to her. Sometimes, she found him crying in the boy's room. The fragility became evident and the limited kindnesses from one to the other disappeared. The one who was barely there was no longer there. The bridge between two solitudes had disappeared. The family had also died, and so, simply, one afternoon, he didn't return. Without words, without farewell.

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

Will not live in a pod.
Will not eat the bugs.
Will not get the chip.
Will not get a blue check.
Will not use CBDCs.

Live Free or Die.

Why did Elon buy twitter for $44 Billion? What value does he see in it besides the greater influence that undoubtedly comes with controlling one of the largest social platforms in the world? We do not need to speculate - he made his intentions incredibly clear in his first meeting with twitter employees after his takeover - WeChat of the West.

To those that do not appreciate freedom, the value prop is clear - WeChat is incredibly powerful and successful in China.

To those that do appreciate freedom, the concern is clear - WeChat has essentially become required to live in China, has surveillance and censorship integrated at its core, and if you are banned from the app your entire livelihood is at risk. Employment, housing, payments, travel, communication, and more become extremely difficult if WeChat censors determine you have acted out of line.

The blue check is the first step in Elon's plan to bring the chinese social credit score system to the west. Users who verify their identity are rewarded with more reach and better tools than those that do not. Verified users are the main product of Elon's twitter - an extensive database of individuals and complete control of the tools he will slowly get them to rely on - it is easier to monetize cattle than free men.

If you cannot resist the temptation of the blue check in its current form you have already lost - what comes next will be much darker. If you realize the need to resist - freedom tech provides us options.

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ eb0157af:77ab6c55

The banking giant is exploring an expansion of its blockchain services, focusing on digital payments and currencies.

JPMorgan Chase has filed a new trademark application for the name “JPMD.” The filing was submitted on June 15 to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

The application, filed by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., covers a broad range of services related to digital assets and blockchain technology. These include the issuance of digital currencies, electronic payment processing, and financial custody services — all of which suggest a possible new stablecoin initiative for JPMorgan.

Experience with JPM Coin

This move wouldn’t be JPMorgan’s first foray into blockchain-based finance. The bank already operates JPM Coin, a dollar-pegged stablecoin used to enable instant transactions between institutional clients. The token runs on Quorum, a private blockchain network developed in-house by JPMorgan and based on Ethereum’s technology.

The registration of the JPMD trademark comes as JPMorgan and other major U.S. banks are considering a collaborative stablecoin project through their jointly owned entities: Early Warning Services and The Clearing House.

Similarly, corporations like Walmart and Amazon are mulling the creation of their own stablecoins.

The post JPMorgan files trademark for ‘JPMD’: a new stablecoin on the horizon for the American bank appeared first on Atlas21.

@ 73868430:0ec4fe27

皇居 Imperial Palace

巽櫓（桜田二重櫓) Sakurada Tatsumi Yagura

二重橋 Nijubashi Bridge

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靖國神社 Yasukuni Jinja

遊就館 Yushukan

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上野動物園 Ueno Zoological Garden

上野動物園不忍池 Ueno Zoological Garden Shinobazuno Pond

上野東照宮五重塔 Ueno Toshogu Shrine Five Story Pagoda

築地活鮮市場,御徒町店 Tsukiji Kassen Ichiba, Okachimachi

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鉄道博物館 The Railway Museum

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TOHAKU茶館 (応挙館) Tohaku Chakan

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新大久保駅 Shin-Ōkubo

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シンボルプロムナード公園 Symbol Promenade Park

セントラル広場 Central Square

日本科学未来館 The National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation Japan (Miraikan)

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箱根町 Hakone

芦ノ湖 Lake Ashi

元箱根 Motohakone

彫刻の森駅 Chokokunomori

三の鳥居,箱根神社 The Third Torii of Hakone Shrine

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小田原城 Odawara Castle

@ d9a329af:bef580d7

Shabbat Shalom, y'all.

At the time of writing and releasing this, it happened to be a Lunar Shabbat, which is actually Torah (much to the chagrin of those who practice Shabbat on a Saturday or Sunday exclusively). The Shabbat is always on the 8th, 15th, 22nd, and 29th days of a Hebrew Calendar month, which almost nobody follows anymore. I started doing this a few months ago, and it's made me see the Torah for what it really is.

To the topic at hand, though. A lot of people on Nostr don't seem to understand the historical narrative of the book of Revelation, which saddens me, as we're in the end times Ekklesia (Assembly) era of Laodecia.

Deception of Bible Translations

First off, the reason why most people trust their pastors and/or read differently to what I do in Nazaritic circles is because of translations of the Scriptures that are evil, wretched and Catholic. The best way to combat this is to make some recommendations of which versions you'll want to use that aren't Catholic-infested.

These are the ONLY recommended versions to read. Anythine else is bupkus, evil and garbage, and will teach you futrism or preterism, both of which are Jesuit-penned deceptions.

The recommended versions are as follows:

• 1560/1590 Geneva (GNV)

• Young's Literal Translation (YLT)

These are versions I've read, and determined are evil, wretched and garbage:

• New International Version (NIV) [Fun fact: The publisher of the NIV, Zondervan, has a sister publisher that is behind the Satanic Bible's publishing]

• New Living Translation (NLT)

• English Standard Version (ESV)

• ISR The Scriptures 2009 Third Edition with Minor Revisions [2016] (ISR2009)

• New American Standard Bible (NASB)

• New King James Version (NKJV)

• KJV 1611 (Apparently, it was made for control)

What is the Laodecia Era for the Ekklesia?

As a refresher, this time sees people saying they're rich in truth and that they have need of nothing, but this shows that they're wretched, miserable, naked and wicked. Why is this? The need of nothing points to not needing another explanation other than the false futuristic viewpoint, whereas being rich is connected to already knowing the truth about the historical fulfillment of Revelation, which many people don't know at all. I seriously grieve their loss, for they know not what they do.

I'm also new into this viewpoint, and most of what I'll be talking about is proven by historicist prophet David Nikao Wilcoxson on YouTube and Facebook (I don't use Facebook). This single Nostr article, I pray, is the starting point for understanding why I call out what I call out, and the patterns I see pointing to the Roman Catholic Church (the Tares) and the Jesuit Order (the current rulers of our world, the Earth Beast of Rev. 13) being the harlots that will be plucked out before Messiah's return.

The 70th Week of Daniel

Let us start first with the 70th Week of Daniel, which futurists believe is pointed towards a 7 year period where a one-man antichrist makes a peace deal for Israel.

This was proven to be untrue, as this is a deception that many people have fallen for, thus obeying the Pope (the Mark of the Beast on the right hand). What Daniel was talking about was not the end times, but rather, two-fold. The first is that he was asking about when Yevah would free the Jews from slavery (since they were in the Babylonian Beast Kingdom at this time). The second is when Messiah would come in the flesh and start a 7 year period from 27-34 AD, which is the final 7 year period of this 490 year cycle. King Artaxerxes I would go ahead and call for the rebuilding of Jerusalem in 476 BC (as is seen in Ezra), which would be the first 7 weeks (the first 7 Shemita [Shabbat year] cycles). Afterwords, we would see another 62 weeks (this period is a slient period), and then another period of 1 week. This week points to Messiah's ministry and death.

3 1/2 years into this 70th week (in 31 AD) is when Messiah would be nailed to the cross on March 13 of 31 AD (I'm still debating if the cross is a symbol of Tammuz or not). This was Passover in the Hebrew calendar year of 3790. He was 33 years of age when he was nailed, and then rose again 3 days later (on the 17th of Nisan in 3790). That Passover fell on a Monday (when the Romans were using the 8-day calendar instead of the 7-day calendar we've essentially been forced to use).

To prove the above, Wilcoxson had produced a series of videos regarding the 70th Week of Daniel (that being the 70th Week of Daniel Decoded series), which I would recommend you watch. You'll also want to find an audiobook version of Seventy Weeks: The Historical Alternative produced by Tearing Down Idols. These are the two pieces of proof I have to show this. Speaking of Wilcoxson, he had already produced books on these matters, as understanding the hostorical narrative of the Scriptures is the key to making war with the Roman Catholic Church and the Jesuit Order, especially now that we're in Laodecia.

The Olivet Discourse

The second part of this trifecta has to do with the Olivet Discourse of Matthew 23, which points to the destruction of Jarusalem by Rome for Israel's unfaithfulness to Yevah's instructions. Now, there are connections to parables that basically talk about the Yewish (Yew as in Yewtree worship) leaders (particulaly the Pharisees and Saducees) practicing the Tradition of the Elders (which are the Babylonian Talmud and the Egyptian Kabbalah of today), and for not understanding that this was Messiah, they were destroyed for their iniquities. I don't care to research the futurist narrative on this, as I know it is full of twisted words and word salad sorcery.

Wilcoxson proves what I've said in the Olivet Discourse Decoded series of videos, so that's where I'll point you to when you have an open heart, open eyes and open ears. Many futurists won't, because they are exactly what Messiah described in the Ekklesia era of Laodecia.

Revelation and Its Prophecies

Finally, there's Revelation (what used to be called Apocalypse). When looking into this book, you realize that it's really a 4-layered war manual for how to fight this war against the Roman Catholic leadership and the Jesuit Order. This also shows how you can harvest souls (the harvest points to a mass exodus of Roman Catholicism membership). This I will go in depth on, and will even have passages to back this up.

Layer 1: The Roman Beast Kingdom

The first layer of this 4-layered manual shows the phases of the Roman Empire, which never really disappeared. Rev. 12 described the Roman Empire, which was used to wipe out the early Ekklesia (the woman), murdering millions of Nazarites. The Seals point to the incline (for the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse) and decline of the Roman Empire (the other three Seals), while the Trumpets point to the official Roman Empire's downfall. This would be split into 10 separate kingdoms in Europe, which would be countered by the creation of Christianity, which is really any of the 44k+ forks of Roman Catholicism. This was done to destroy the Ekklesia, as the Roman Catholic Church is the Tare field that Messiah had talked about in the parable of the Wheat and the Tares.

Staying in this layer, the Sea Beast is the next phase. This is the 1,260-year reign of the Pope (538-1798), as he was the one who plucked out 3 kingdoms who didn't bow to his authority (the Heruli, the Huns and the Ostrigoths). Keep in mind that this started after the removal of the restrainer in 476 (pointing to the removal of the final Western Roman Emperor), and healed the deadly head wound (pointing to the Pope rising to power out of a sea of people). During this reign, he took the title of Pontifex Maximus, as he had civic and ecclesiastical power over everyone. This would be the healing of the deadly head wound, as shown earlier in this beast. He would pretend to be the leader of the Ekklesia, thus sitting in the Temple of Yevah, though he's the son of perdition, as he proclaims to be Yevah, forgive sins and provide salvation through works alone, which is blasephemous to begin with. The persecution of the Nazarites also prove them to be anti-Moshiach (Messiah). They also have the title of Vicar of Christ, which in the Latin is Vicarus Filii Dei, which is equal to 666 when calculated using a form of gematria I have no idea about. He would ultimately be removed from power by the Earth Beast in 1798, after he basically limited the power of the Jesuit Superior General and his minions. As stated before, the Mark of the Beast is reverence (forehead) and obeisance (right hand) to the Pope.

Finally, the Earth Beast of Revelation 13 points to the Jesuit Superior Geneal rising out of the earth (which is the land) of the Antichrist Beast Pope, the Vatican. These two horns pretend to serve Messiah (lamb) but are really Lucifarians (the dragon), serving Lucifer. The Black Pope, as the Jesuit Superior General is called, used his power to gether the world under him. That's why he uses Washington D.C. (the District of the Roman goddess, Columbia), his war machine (Military Indurstial Complex), to overthrow leaders who won't bow to his authority and those who won't set up a Rothschild central bank; much less obey the Khazars, who he also controls (I happened to be a partial German Khazar who escaped the grasp of the Black Pope as best as I know thus far).

Layer 2: The Ekklesia Eras

Now comes the eras of the Ekklesia. There are seven of them, though I've already explained the era of Laodecia. How about I give a quick explanation of the first six eras, like so?

Ephesus would spread the gospel in the Roman Empire, with their love growing cold when Messiah didn't return.

Smyrna had 10 years of persecutions from 303-312, which is what the 5th seal points to.

Pergamos would fall away (2 Thess. 2) from the Scriptures when compromising with Rome (Mark of the Beast as I had explained)

Thyatira means ruled by a woman. This means, the Roman Catholic Church would do this, as the Popes sought to eliminate the two witnesses, which are the Nazarites and the printed Scriptures (the little book or Rev. 10). This was why they killed the Nazarites and bured the printed Scriptures ruthlessly enough, that they were classified as "dead" in 1514. The Popes would hold great feasts to celebrate the removal of the two witnesses after they got all of Christendom under their control.

Sardis means escaping one, which points to Messiah calling them dead after 3 1/2 years from the Pope's classification of the death of the two witnesses. Luther's 95 Thesis sparked the Protestant Reformation, which would lead to the resurrection of the two witnesses (the Nazarites and the printed Scriptures).

Philidelphia had nothing bad that Messiah said about them... at all. They led worldwide missions, and also led Bible Societies to spread the word and/or the gospel to save millions of people from the clutches of the Jesuit Superior General (and the Roman Catholic Church as a whole).

As a refresher for Laodecia (the era we're in right now), the Nazarites here believe that they are rich in truth, and that we have need of nothing. This is false, as we are in dire need of something, which is an alternative explanation that's not the false futuristic or preteristic explanations of the book of Revelation. We are blinded by the Jesuits, as they have decieved us (we let them do this, by the way) with false prophecy explanations among other deceptions.

Layer 3: Seals, Trumpets and Bowls

The Seals, Trumpets and Bowls are the judgements against the Roman Beast Kingdom. To keep things short, every single Seal was fulfilled, 6 of the Trumpets were fulfilled, and 5 of the Bowls were fulfilled. We're in the 6th Bowl, waiting for a global economic collapse and WW III. Once these occur, then do we go into the 7th Bowl judgement against the Roman Catholic Church and the Jesuit Order (the New World Order).

One quick thing I'll mention is that when I talk about the two witnesses here, one of them is the little book of Rev. 10. This points to the printed Bible, which was brought back to life thanks to the printing press. Martin Luther would measure the temple and find that the Papal Church is the apostate harlot. Rev. 14 points to the Bowls and the harvest. This harvest points to millions coming out of the Roman Catholic Church, though there are 1.3 billion Catholics... and we have a long way to go in getting them out of her, My people.

Remember when I talked about the Khazars earlier in this article? They are the Kings of the East that Yeshua pointed to in the 6th Bowl. The Ottoman Empire is the Euphrates River here, and it's dried up in 1922, only with Turkey remaining. Gog is already dead, as that's Lord Rothschild. Magog points to the Kings of the East. 2 of the 3 spirits have already been fulfilled (these are World Wars I and II).

Now, let me quickly point out the fact we're in the kingdom of Iron and Clay. The Iron points to the Roman Bishops, and the Clay is Islam. However, furutists will tell me I'm an idiot, and that the Iron and Clay mixture is transhumanism. This was proven to be false, as the 5th Trumpet was the rise of the Clay (Islam). The Catholics, however, wrote the Qur'an and proped up Mohhamed as their prophet. ISIS and Al Qaeda are controlled by the Jesuit Order, which is why they do what they do as terrorists... for they are Wahhabi Muslims (in other words, Mizrahi Khazars who are also Jesuits, claiming to be Arabs, when they're not).

Islam is designed to prevent Arabs from having a relationship with Messiah, which makes me really sad. Muslims will be used to kill Christians and Jews in WW III and force us into the New World Order, which will backfire on the Jesuits and Roman Bishops.

Layer 4: The Harlot Church

Rev 17:10 talks about 7 forms of government. Five had fallen by the time Revelation was written, the 6th (the Roman Emperors) fell in 476, and the 7th lead for a short space until 538.

The 8th head is the Pope, who rose to power out of the Roman Empire. Look up what the priests in the Catholic Church wear, and what they use. Does that sound familiar when you read Revelation? If it does, that's exactly the description of the Sea Beast, and how his priests dress and do their rituals.

Then comes the Black Pope. He empowers and enriches the kings of the earth, as they were used by Lucifer to carry out the Bowl judgements, and will carry out the New World Order, caugins themselves and the Roman Cathoic Church to be judged big time. This we are waiting for.

Conclusion

Hopefully this long read helps you see where I'm coming from, and I pray it helps you to start testing the scriptures against what I've said, and what Wilcoxson had said. If it is proven in your heart that you were fooled, you're on the right path in my opnion. I may be wrong, but this is where I stand.

@ 472f440f:5669301e

Marty's Bent

So much for that tariff hyperinflation.\ \ New inflation numbers came at 1.2% — way below the Fed’s target.\ \ For the 4th time in Trump’s 4 months.\ \ Yet not a word about easing from the fed. Who’s now moving the inflation goal-posts to 2026 or even 2027. pic.twitter.com/nwzSCABrbR

— Peter St Onge, Ph.D. (@profstonge) June 16, 2025

After months of pundits, politicians, and partisan hacks kvetching about the aggressive tariff regime put forth by the Trump administration, we're beginning to see some data tickle in that makes it seem as if the tariff strategy may actually be working. At the end of last week, inflation data hit the market cooler than expected. Some core components coming in below the Federal Reserve's 2% inflation target. Granted, the CPI is manipulated and may be underreporting actual inflation. However, if we're simply comparing the CPI to itself, it seems to be moving in the right direction if, like me, you don't like when prices consistently rise month on month, year on year, decade on decade.

On top of this, the amount of revenue that tariffs are bringing in is significant and rising quickly. In May, tariff revenue collected in the U.S. hit a record of $22.3 billion. In April, the U.S. government brought in $16.5 billion from tariffs, and collectively, since Trump took office, the government has brought in around $67.2 billion in tariff revenue. Tariffs now reflect 4% of the total federal revenue, which is up from an average of 2% over the last few years. If this trend keeps up, the idea that tariffs can replace income tax revenue in the United States seems to be validated. Even better, it seems that the increased inflation that many were warning about hasn't materialized yet. There could be a way to increase the revenue of the federal government without increasing taxes on American producers while keeping prices lower. This is a beautiful thing.

I don't think it's time to ring the bell and claim victory in regards to tariffs and inflation quite yet, but this is extremely encouraging and something that all of you should be monitoring closely in the months ahead. Whether you're a Republican or a Democrat, I think we should all celebrate if the bold strategy of levying tariffs on the rest of the world to bring manufacturing home, while the government produces revenue via means that don't attack the income of individual citizens actually works out in the end.

It's crazy what pricing your life in Bitcoin does as you surf the internet. This newsletter was partly inspired by the video above from our good friend Peter St. Onge, but also because of this tweet I saw earlier today that priced the tariff revenue in bitcoin.

via The Kobeissi Letter

The Kobeissi Letter did not include the bitcoin denominations in its tweet. Our browser extension, Opportunity Cost, automatically injected it into the tweet so that I could understand how much revenue the government is bringing in in terms of Bitcoin. If they chose to use Bitcoin as a reserve asset.

It's crazy to think that at current bitcoin prices and if tariff revenue stays at the level it reached last month, the United States government could acquire a strategic reserve of 1 million bitcoin in less than five months. That really puts things into perspective, for me at least, about how much money is being thrown around the system both in the private markets and the public sector.

We are still extremely early in terms of bitcoin's adoption and monetization. Just looking at the tweet makes me want to tap somebody on the shoulder in the government and say, "Hey, look at this. If you sacrifice less than five months of tariff revenue and funnel that into bitcoin, you could have your strategic reserve by the end of the year. Before Thanksgiving even."

If tariff revenue continues to increase at the pace it has over the last couple of months, and the economy recovers, inflation isn't that bad, why not? Why not start building the strategic reserve with some of these revenues? A man can dream.

Washington's Bitcoin Awakening: From Crime Concerns to Strategic Asset

Ken Egan described a remarkable shift in how Washington views Bitcoin. Just a year ago, he recalls fighting defensive battles against basic misconceptions about criminal use and technical vulnerabilities. Today, policymakers ask sophisticated questions about Bitcoin's role in global monetary competition and national security strategy. Egan emphasized that discussions no longer waste time on "is it just for buying drugs" but instead focus on how Bitcoin can counter China's parallel financial systems and strengthen America's competitive position.

"There are people thinking, even the Department of Energy, some of whom will be at our conference, thinking really deeply about everything this ecosystem has to offer and how we can apply it to sort of a comprehensive national security strategy." - Ken Egan

Multiple government departments are now actively exploring Bitcoin's potential, Egan revealed. The Department of Defense examines mining for energy resilience, while the Department of Energy considers grid applications. Trump's executive order formally distinguished Bitcoin from other cryptocurrencies, signaling institutional recognition of its unique properties. This evolution from skepticism to strategic thinking represents a fundamental transformation in how America's policy establishment approaches Bitcoin.

Check out the full podcast here for more on institutional Bitcoin adoption, resistance money warnings, and bipartisan coalition building.

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Headlines of the Day

France Eyes Bitcoin Mining to Use Excess Energy - via X

Truth Social Files for Bitcoin ETF - via X

French Firm Raises €9.7M to Expand Bitcoin Treasury - via X

China's DDC Enterprise Adds 38 BTC to Treasury - via X

Get our new STACK SATS hat - via tftcmerch.io

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Bitcoin’s Next Parabolic Move: Could Liquidity Lead the Way?

Is bitcoin’s next parabolic move starting? Global liquidity and business cycle indicators suggest it may be.

Read the latest report from Unchained and TechDev, analyzing how global M2 liquidity and the copper/gold ratio—two historically reliable macro indicators—are aligning once again to signal that a new bitcoin bull market may soon begin.

Download the report here

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Ten31, the largest bitcoin-focused investor, has deployed $150.00M across 30+ companies through three funds. I am a Managing Partner at Ten31 and am very proud of the work we are doing. Learn more at ten31.vc/invest.

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Final thought...

The best way to start your Monday morning is for the brake system in your car to completely shit the bed and force you to sit on the side of the road for a tow truck for two hours.

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Download our free browser extension, Opportunity Cost: https://www.opportunitycost.app/ start thinking in SATS today.

Get this newsletter sent to your inbox daily: https://www.tftc.io/bitcoin-brief/

Subscribe to our YouTube channels and follow us on Nostr and X:

@ b1ddb4d7:471244e7

This article was originally published on dev.to by satshacker.

Alright, you’ve built a useful and beautiful website, tool or app. However, monetization isn’t a priority and you’d rather keep the project free, ads-free and accessible?

Accepting donations would be an option, but how? A PayPal button? Stripe? Buymeacoffe? Patreon?

All of these services require a bank account and KYC verification, before you can send and receive donations – not very convenient.

If we only could send value over the internet, with just one click and without the need of a bank account…

Oh, hold on, that’s bitcoin. The decentralized protocol to send value across the globe. Money over TCP/IP.

In this article, we’ll learn how anyone can easily add a payment button or donation widget on a website or app.

Let’s get into it.

Introduction

Bitcoin is digital money that you can send and receive without the need for banks. While bitcoin is extremely secure, it’s not very fast. The maximum transactions per second (TPS) the network can handle is about 7. Obviously that’s not useful for daily payments or microtransactions.

If you’d like to dig deeper into how bitcoin works, a great read is “Mastering Bitcoin” by Andreas Antonopoulos.

Bitcoin vs Lightning

If you’d like to receive bitcoin donations “on-chain” all you need is a bitcoin wallet. You simply display your bitcoin address on your site and that’s it. You can receive donations.

It would look something like this; 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa

Instead of showing the actual bitcoin address, you can also turn it into a QR code.

However, this is not a recommended solution. Using static on-chain addresses has two major downsides. It lowers privacy for you and your donnors and it’s a UTXO disaster because many small incoming transactions could beocme hard to consolidate in the future.

For donations and small transactions, the Lightning Network is the better option. Lightning allows for instant settlement with fees only a fraction of a cent.

Similar to bitcoin, you have the choice between non-custodial and custodial wallets. This means, either you have full control over your money or the wallet provider has.

Option 1: Lightning Address

With the lightning address feature, you an easily receive donations to an email like address.

It looks like this: yourname@wallet.com

Many wallets support lightning addresses and make it easy to create one. Then, you simple add the address to your donation page and you’re ready to receive tips.

You can also add a link link as in lightning:yourname@wallet.com and compatible lightning wallets and browser wallets will detect the address.

How to get a Lightning Address Fast

Option 2: Lightning Donation Widgets

If you like to take it a step further, you can also create a more enhanced donation checkout flow. Of course you could programm something yourself, there are many open source libraries you can build upon. If you want a simple plug-and-play solution, here are a couple of options:

Name

Type

Registration

SatSale

Self-hosted

No KYC

BTCPay Server

Self-hosted

No KYC

Pay With Flash

Widget

Email

Geyser Fund

Widget

Email

The Giving Block

Hosted

KYC

OpenNode

Hosted

KYC

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SatSale (GitHub)

Lightweight, self-hosted Bitcoin/Lightning payment processor. No KYC.

Ideal for developers comfortable with server management. Simple to deploy, supports both on-chain and Lightning, and integrates with WooCommerce.

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BTCPay Server

Powerful, open-source, self-hosted processor for Bitcoin and Lightning. No KYC.

Supports multiple currencies, advanced features, and full privacy. Requires technical setup and maintenance. Funds go directly to your wallet; great for those seeking full control.

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Pay With Flash

Easiest for indie hackers. Add a donation widget with minimal code and no KYC. Payments go directly to your wallet for a 1.5% fee.

Setup Steps:

1. Sign up at PayWithFlash.com
2. Customize your widget in the dashboard
3. Embed the code:

1. Test to confirm functionality

Benefits:

• Minimal technical skills required
• Supports one-time or recurring donations
• Direct fund transfer, no intermediaries

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Geyser Fund

Crowdfunding platform. Widget-based, connects to your wallet, email registration.Focused on Bitcoin crowdfunding, memberships and donations.

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The Giving Block

Hosted, KYC required. Integrates with fiat and crypto, best for nonprofits or larger organizations.

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OpenNode

Hosted, KYC required. Accept Bitcoin payments and donations; supports conversion to fiat, suitable for businesses and nonprofits.

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Summary

• Fast, low-code setup: Use Pay With Flash or Geyser Fund.
• Privacy and control: Choose SatSale or BTCPay Server (requires technical skills).
• Managed, compliant solutions: The Giving Block or OpenNode.

Choose based on your technical comfort, privacy needs, and project scale.

I hope this article helped you. If you added bitcoin donations, share your link in the comments and I will send you a few satoshis maybe

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• Version 1.3 of Bitcoin Safe introduces a redesigned interactive chart, quick receive feature, updated icons, a mempool preview window, support for Child Pays For Parent (CPFP) and testnet4, preconfigured testnet demo wallets, as well as various bug fixes and improvements.

• Upcoming updates for Bitcoin Safe include Compact Block Filters.

"Compact Block Filters increase the network privacy dramatically, since you're not asking an electrum server to give you your transactions. They are a little slower than electrum servers. For a savings wallet like Bitcoin Safe this should be OK," writes the project's developer Andreas Griffin.

• Learn more about the current and upcoming features of Bitcoin Safe wallet here.

What's new in v1.3

• Redesign of Chart, Quick Receive, Icons, and Mempool Preview (by @design-rrr).
• Interactive chart. Clicking on it now jumps to transaction, and selected transactions are now highlighted.

• Speed up transactions with Child Pays For Parent (CPFP).
• BDK 1.2 (upgraded from 0.32).
• Testnet4 support.
• Preconfigured Testnet demo wallets.
• Cluster unconfirmed transactions so that parents/children are next to each other.
• Customizable columns for all tables (optional view: Txid, Address index, and more)
• Bug fixes and other improvements.

Announcement / Archive
Blog Post / Archive
GitHub Repo
Website

@ e1cde248:609c13b0

Arthur Hayes ได้ฉายภาพหนึ่งในปัญหาใหญ่ที่สุดที่เศรษฐกิจโลกกำลังเผชิญ นั่นคือ "ศึกเงียบระหว่างคนรุ่นเก่าและรุ่นใหม่" ที่กำลังจะปะทุขึ้นจากการโอนถ่ายความมั่งคั่งขนาดมหาศาลจากรุ่น Baby Boomer ไปยัง Millennials และ Gen Z

ในอีกไม่กี่ปีข้างหน้า คนรุ่น Boomer ซึ่งเป็นกลุ่มที่ถือครองทรัพย์สินมากที่สุดในประวัติศาสตร์ กำลังเข้าสู่วัยเกษียณ และเริ่มขายสินทรัพย์อย่างหุ้น บ้าน และอสังหาริมทรัพย์ เพื่อเปลี่ยนเป็นเงินสดใช้ในบั้นปลายชีวิต

แต่ปัญหาคือ... ใครจะซื้อของเหล่านั้น?

คนรุ่นใหม่ไม่ได้มองบ้านหลังใหญ่ในชานเมืองหรือหุ้นบริษัทน้ำมันเป็นเป้าหมายชีวิตอีกต่อไป พวกเขาให้คุณค่ากับ "ประสบการณ์" มากกว่าสิ่งของ อีกทั้งยังสนใจ "สินทรัพย์ดิจิทัล" มากกว่าทรัพย์สินแบบดั้งเดิม และเชื่อในอิสระมากกว่าความมั่นคง

สิ่งนี้นำไปสู่คำถามสำคัญที่อาจเปลี่ยนทิศทางเศรษฐกิจโลก:

1. หากไม่มีใครอยากซื้อ สินทรัพย์จะราคาตกหรือไม่? ถ้าเกิดขึ้นจริง นั่นหมายถึงคนรุ่น Boomer จะต้องเกษียณด้วยสินทรัพย์ที่มีมูลค่าลดลง และอาจต้องพึ่งพารัฐบาลมากขึ้น

2. แล้วภาระจะตกกับใคร? หากรัฐบาลต้องอุ้มค่าใช้จ่ายผู้เกษียณ สิ่งที่ตามมาคือ "ภาษีที่เพิ่มขึ้น" ซึ่งจะตกอยู่กับคนรุ่นใหม่ที่แทบยังไม่มีอะไรในมือ

3. หรือสุดท้าย ทางออกเดียวจะคือการ “พิมพ์เงิน”? Hayes คาดว่ารัฐบาลจะหันไปใช้วิธีนี้ ซึ่งอาจช่วยได้ในระยะสั้น แต่จะกลายเป็นเชื้อเพลิงเงินเฟ้อในระยะยาว

และนั่นคือจุดที่ "ความไม่พอใจระหว่างรุ่น" อาจปะทุขึ้นอย่างรุนแรง

คนรุ่นใหม่จะถามว่า "ทำไมเราต้องจ่ายเพื่อความล้มเหลวของระบบที่เราไม่ได้สร้าง?" ขณะที่คนรุ่นเก่าอาจตอบว่า "เราเสียภาษีมาทั้งชีวิตเพื่อระบบนี้ แล้วใครจะดูแลเรา?"

นี่ไม่ใช่แค่ความต่างทางวัย แต่คือ ความขัดแย้งทางโครงสร้างเศรษฐกิจและคุณค่าของชีวิต ที่กำลังทวีความรุนแรงขึ้น

Hayes มองว่า ผลลัพธ์ของความขัดแย้งนี้ อาจมีตั้งแต่การปรับขึ้นภาษีรุนแรง การเปลี่ยนแปลงระบบบำนาญ ไปจนถึง ความไม่มั่นคงทางการเงินระดับชาติ ที่อาจเปลี่ยนวิธีที่โลกจัดการกับเงิน สินทรัพย์ และอนาคตของคนแต่ละรุ่นไปอย่างสิ้นเชิง

และในโลกแบบนี้ Hayes ถึงเชื่อว่า Bitcoin จะเป็นผู้ชนะ เพราะมันไม่สามารถพิมพ์เพิ่มได้ ซึ่งตรงข้ามกับเงินเฟ้อที่กำลังมาท่วมโลก

source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AH7TIPRKGZw

@ 8bad92c3:ca714aa5

Key Takeaways

Mel Mattison presents a bold, contrarian outlook on today’s economy, arguing that what many view as a precarious bubble is actually the beginning of a long-term structural bull market that could run through 2036. He believes the U.S. economy is far stronger than the headlines suggest, supported by robust job growth, strong consumer balance sheets, and demographic tailwinds. Rather than popping, the current asset bubble is set to expand, driven by retiring baby boomers reducing labor inflation, AI-fueled productivity gains, and massive fiscal stimulus disguised as interest expense. He views Bitcoin as uniquely positioned to thrive in both inflationary and deflationary environments, unlike fiat currency, and sees AI’s high energy demands as a healthy bottleneck that will slow its rollout and allow society to adjust. According to Mattison, the U.S. is entering an era of permanent stimulus and rising productivity, with politics largely irrelevant to the macro trajectory, whether under populist left or populist right, the fiscal and demographic forces shaping the next decade are already locked in.

Best Quotes

“Bitcoin works in an inflationary world and it works in a deflationary world.”

“People are going to look back at 110,000 Bitcoin just like they looked back at 30,000 and say, ‘Man, I should’ve been buying.’”

“Interest expense is fiscal stimulus. There’s no difference between a COVID check and 4.5% on a 3-month bill going into a retiree’s money market account.”

“AI will be massive, but its energy demands are the bottleneck that will save us from an unmanageable shock.”

“This isn’t the 1970s. The U.S. is the largest oil producer in the world, and the demographic structure has flipped.”

“We are in the early stages of a seismic change, think Agricultural Revolution or Industrial Revolution level.”

Conclusion

This episode offers a compellingly optimistic view of the next decade, with Mel Mattison arguing that we’re entering the early stages of a historic bull market driven by demographic shifts, fiscal transformation, and exponential technologies like AI. Rather than collapse, he sees structural strength and enduring growth, positioning Bitcoin as a core asset in this new paradigm, resilient in both inflationary and deflationary cycles. Mattison urges a focus on long-term fundamentals over short-term noise, framing Bitcoin, demographics, and AI as the key forces reshaping the global economic order.

Timestamps

0:00 - Intro
0:55 - Getting up to speed
6:57 - The Rates Boogeyman
14:42 - Bitkey
15:37 - AI revolution
28:13 - Boomer exit and fiscal stimulus
34:07 - Unchained
34:35 - AI bottleneck
42:59 - Wealth gap
52:53 - Bullish vibes

Transcript

(00:00) the 1971 Nixon shock where he took the US off the gold standard he also put on 10% sweeping across the board tariffs he announced that they were going to do spending cuts something like a Doge this is 55 years ago it's like the exact same things the demographics the oil differences between the 70s and now they're going to allow this situation to work out a lot more like the 80s we had between 1985 and 1996 360% S&P growth the days of 2000 something gold are probably over with Bitcoin you know I've been thinking this month we've got an AI
(00:31) super cycle boom going on it it just all speaks to extreme bullishness but we've got a lot more to go gold and Bitcoin I think actually in geopolitical uncertainties are are only going to do better mel I'm not going to lie I've been pretty disconnected for the last 3 weeks so I'm very excited we're having this conversation cuz I have a feeling it's going to help me catapult back into the present day get caught up with everything that's been going on we had the conference in Vegas a few weeks ago now at this point I had a cross country move between now and then and I had a wedding in Chicago over the weekend and
(01:20) I've been sort of out of the loop with what's going on and I need an update what are what are you seeing out there no well that's that's perfect and uh I'm getting ready to head out for a few days uh myself um on Thursday to the the Blue Ridge Mountains here in North Carolina haven't been there since the hurricane went through uh so interested to see how my old spots are doing um but it's always good to get away so happy to bring you up to speed um you know there's a lot going on and at the same time there's not right that the steady march higher in Bitcoin in equities uh
(01:58) gold has been on you know just a consolidation phase basically since it kind of blew up to 3500 um but given how fast and how strong that move was it actually is just a sign of strength to me that it's still you know holding well above 3,000 i think the days of 200 something gold are probably over i think I think if it ever gets there into five figures again it's not going to be for long with Bitcoin i think this this is a big move um you know people are going to look back at 110,000 Bitcoin just like
(02:35) they look back at 50,000 Bitcoin or 30,000 Bitcoin and say "Man I should have been buying there." Um you know we we've broken over uh the high set you know a few months ago i think that's now clearly you know a floor you know um support and you know I think the next upside target for me has always been that 150 range which I think you know I've been thinking 120 uh this month uh 150 is my call by the end of the year but really that's like a base case based on technical analysis i do that that is is a point where I reassess and and when I
(03:15) reassess it I have a feeling like um I'm going to pretty quickly come out with the target um around uh 190 195 as like a next upside target and you know we'll see when we get there but so just you know I think the best thing you can do actually for these markets is turn off your news because it's like last night I'm flipping between the channels and it's you know kurfles with Elon and Trump it's riots and fires and protests in LA it's um you know uh US behind the eightball with rare earth versus China um you know tariffs are
(03:56) going to start rolling into the inflation numbers uh job market only created 130ome thousand it's weak which I think is BS it's actually was a super strong report um there's been almost no government job creation since Trump took office so you essentially have to look and say well if every month under Biden there was like 40,000 government jobs and now that's not there i mean you take the 139 or whatever it was last week you had 40 you're up to about 180 you know which is really what the private sector is creating and it's doing that at a time where you have this demographic
(04:33) rollover where you have literally when you look at the unemployment reports which they break down you know foreignb born native born you know you have nativeorn you know people in the workforce declining and so if you're creating jobs I mean that that's why you're seeing you know the unemployment rate still 4.
(04:52) 2% so we've got a super strong job market we've got a consumer that is as unlevered as it has been in the last 20 years um you know you can't look at like credit card delinquencies or something like that you have to look at you know net worth you know yes is this skewed towards the wealthier you know 50% of America sure i mean the bottom 50% isn't exactly rolling in the dough but the top 20% certainly is especially when you factor in um over 12 trillion of tappable uh home equity um which I think is just now beginning to be tapped and and will begin getting tapped even
(05:35) more so um once the Fed fund funds rate goes down and I think it will um exactly how much and how quickly we can get into that too but I mean basically I guess where I'm going with all of this is the the doom and gloom you hear about whether you're scrolling through Twitter or turning on the news channels is masking what is an incredibly strong economy we've got an AI like super cycle boom going on we've got the blockchain and um all of that brings all of what that brings to financial services um you know uh counties or states in New Jersey
(06:12) now putting real estate deeds on the blockchain DeFi finally starting to happen in the real world stable coin bill um you know Bitcoin you know being part of the institutional investment mindset people understanding it more um I mean it it just all speaks to extreme bullishness and yet when you look at some of the surveys out there there's still net bearish you know like there's different sentiment gauges we were really really bearish we're still net bearish we're almost back to that median line uh you know overall and so we've got just people that are just doubters haters and you know which I think is
(06:53) great because it just means you know we've got a lot more to go yeah i'm very happy that you confirmed that being disconnected is probably the right move it's It's felt good not being in the day-to-day the actually the only day that I was really plugged in I was on a cross country flight and that was when Elon was having his his uh meltdown on X but that seems to have been brushed under the rug pretty quickly they were like "Okay damage control.
(07:24) " Uh it seems like they want to forget that that happened and pretend like it it never did but I think diving into you were mentioning this before we hit record how do rates play into this cuz looking at the 10-year at 4.47 30-year at 4.94 up over the last month but down from their highs intrammon and I think a lot of the focus of the doomers if you will is the elevated 10 year and 30-year and all the debt that needs to be rolled over how do you see that factoring into this outlook yeah I mean I I call it the rates

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

The former seems to have found solid product market fit. Expect significant volume, adoption, and usage going forward.

The latter's future remains to be seen. Dependence on Tor, which has had massive reliability issues, and lack of strong privacy guarantees put it at risk.

— ODELL (@ODELL) October 27, 2022

The Basics

• Lightning is a protocol that enables cheap and fast native bitcoin transactions.
• At the core of the protocol is the ability for bitcoin users to create a payment channel with another user.
• These payment channels enable users to make many bitcoin transactions between each other with only two on-chain bitcoin transactions: the channel open transaction and the channel close transaction.
• Essentially lightning is a protocol for interoperable batched bitcoin transactions.
• It is expected that on chain bitcoin transaction fees will increase with adoption and the ability to easily batch transactions will save users significant money.
• As these lightning transactions are processed, liquidity flows from one side of a channel to the other side, on chain transactions are signed by both parties but not broadcasted to update this balance.
• Lightning is designed to be trust minimized, either party in a payment channel can close the channel at any time and their bitcoin will be settled on chain without trusting the other party.

There is no 'Lightning Network'

• Many people refer to the aggregate of all lightning channels as 'The Lightning Network' but this is a false premise.
• There are many lightning channels between many different users and funds can flow across interconnected channels as long as there is a route through peers.
• If a lightning transaction requires multiple hops it will flow through multiple interconnected channels, adjusting the balance of all channels along the route, and paying lightning transaction fees that are set by each node on the route.

Example: You have a channel with Bob. Bob has a channel with Charlie. You can pay Charlie through your channel with Bob and Bob's channel with User C.

• As a result, it is not guaranteed that every lightning user can pay every other lightning user, they must have a route of interconnected channels between sender and receiver.

Lightning in Practice

• Lightning has already found product market fit and usage as an interconnected payment protocol between large professional custodians.
• They are able to easily manage channels and liquidity between each other without trust using this interoperable protocol.
• Lightning payments between large custodians are fast and easy. End users do not have to run their own node or manage their channels and liquidity. These payments rarely fail due to professional management of custodial nodes.
• The tradeoff is one inherent to custodians and other trusted third parties. Custodial wallets can steal funds and compromise user privacy.

Sovereign Lightning

• Trusted third parties are security holes.
• Users must run their own node and manage their own channels in order to use lightning without trusting a third party. This remains the single largest friction point for sovereign lightning usage: the mental burden of actively running a lightning node and associated liquidity management.
• Bitcoin development prioritizes node accessibility so cost to self host your own node is low but if a node is run at home or office, Tor or a VPN is recommended to mask your IP address: otherwise it is visible to the entire network and represents a privacy risk.
• This privacy risk is heightened due to the potential for certain governments to go after sovereign lightning users and compel them to shutdown their nodes. If their IP Address is exposed they are easier to target.
• Fortunately the tools to run and manage nodes continue to get easier but it is important to understand that this will always be a friction point when compared to custodial services.

The Potential Fracture of Lightning

• Any lightning user can choose which users are allowed to open channels with them.
• One potential is that professional custodians only peer with other professional custodians.
• We already see nodes like those run by CashApp only have channels open with other regulated counterparties. This could be due to performance goals, liability reduction, or regulatory pressure.

• Fortunately some of their peers are connected to non-regulated parties so payments to and from sovereign lightning users are still successfully processed by CashApp but this may not always be the case going forward.

Summary

• Many people refer to the aggregate of all lightning channels as 'The Lightning Network' but this is a false premise. There is no singular 'Lightning Network' but rather many payment channels between distinct peers, some connected with each other and some not.
• Lightning as an interoperable payment protocol between professional custodians seems to have found solid product market fit. Expect significant volume, adoption, and usage going forward.
• Lightning as a robust sovereign payment protocol has yet to be battle tested. Heavy reliance on Tor, which has had massive reliability issues, the friction of active liquidity management, significant on chain fee burden for small amounts, interactivity constraints on mobile, and lack of strong privacy guarantees put it at risk.

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If you have never used lightning before, use this guide to get started on your phone.

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If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 9ca447d2:fbf5a36d

Japanese investment firm Metaplanet has announced a massive $5.4 billion plan to increase its bitcoin holdings to 210,000 BTC by the end of 2027 — that’s about 1% of the total bitcoin supply.

Metaplanet on X

The Tokyo-listed company is accelerating its already aggressive bitcoin plan, with CEO Simon Gerovich calling the initiative “Asia’s largest-ever equity raise to buy Bitcoin — again!”

The company’s new capital raise, called the “555 Million Plan”, involves issuing 555 million shares through moving strike warrants. That’s basically a type of option where people can buy shares later, and the price they pay depends on the stock’s price at that time.

So with moving strike warrants, the price at which people can buy the stock goes up or down depending on how the company’s stock is doing. It gives investors more flexibility — and it can make the warrants more attractive — because they don’t get stuck with a bad deal if the stock price drops.

This way the company can raise capital gradually over the next 2 years without impacting the stock market and existing shareholders.

The funds raised will be used to buy bitcoin, with some to redeem bonds and other income-generating strategies like selling put options.

This is a big step up from Metaplanet’s previous targets. Initially aiming to reach 10,000 BTC by the end of 2025, the company now plans to reach:

• 30,000 BTC by end of 2025
• 100,000 BTC by end of 2026
• 210,000 BTC by end of 2027

The Japanese investment firm hopes to be in the “Bitcoin 1% club” which means holding at least 1% of the total 21 million bitcoin supply.

Metaplanet bitcoin targets

Metaplanet is already making good progress. As of June 2025, the company holds 8,888 BTC, acquired at a cost of about ¥122.2 billion (around $849 million) and has already reached 89% of its original 10,000 BTC target for 2025.

This comes after the success of the company’s previous “210 Million Plan” which raised ¥93.3 billion ($650 million) in 60 trading days by issuing 210 million shares.

During that time, the company’s bitcoin holdings grew from 1,762 BTC to 7,800 BTC and the BTC Yield (a key performance metric showing growth in bitcoin per share) increased by 189%.

Year to date the BTC Yield is 225.4%.

Metaplanet’s BTC Yield graph

The stock has reflected this momentum, up 275% since early 2025 and 1,619% over the past year.

Metaplanet’s stock price chart — TradingView

Metaplanet is now one of the most actively traded stocks in Japan and has become a top-ten corporate bitcoin holder globally, recently surpassing Block Inc., the company founded by Jack Dorsey.

Metaplanet sees this as part of a bigger shift in capital markets.

By being a “bitcoin treasury vehicle” listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, it aims to offer investors exposure to bitcoin through regulated equity markets. This is especially useful in Japan where retail investors are often restricted from accessing bitcoin directly.

“Bitcoin is repricing the global cost of capital,” the company said in a statement. “Through our 555 Million Plan, Metaplanet is doubling down on a high-conviction, equity-driven capital markets strategy to accelerate our Bitcoin accumulation trajectory.”

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

A história do Bitcoin é pontuada por marcos simbólicos que representam não apenas a evolução técnica da moeda digital, mas também sua trajetória rumo à legitimidade econômica e política. Neste artigo, revisitamos alguns dos momentos mais emblemáticos que marcaram a adoção do Bitcoin, desde seu uso inicial em uma simples transação até o seu reconhecimento como moeda oficial por nações soberanas.

A pizza mais cara da história

Em 22 de maio de 2010, Laszlo Hanyecz fez história ao pagar 10.000 BTC por duas pizzas. Na época, essa quantia equivalia a cerca de 40 dólares. Hoje, essas mesmas moedas valeriam centenas de milhões de dólares, tornando essa a refeição mais cara já registrada. Mais do que uma curiosidade, essa transação marcou a primeira vez em que o Bitcoin foi usado em uma troca comercial real, comprovando seu potencial como meio de pagamento.

Silk Road e o lado obscuro da adoção inicial

Ainda que controverso, o uso do Bitcoin no marketplace Silk Road mostrou ao mundo que a moeda digital era funcional como meio de troca em larga escala. A plataforma operou entre 2011 e 2013 e foi um catalisador para o desenvolvimento de infraestrutura em torno do BTC, apesar dos impactos negativos na imagem da criptomoeda.

Mt. Gox e a primeira grande crise

Em 2014, a corretora Mt. Gox, responsável por cerca de 70% das transações de Bitcoin no mundo, declarou falência após perder cerca de 850 mil BTC. O escândalo abalou a confiança no ecossistema, mas também deu início a um movimento de amadurecimento: a busca por melhores práticas de segurança, regulação e profissionalização do setor.

El Salvador e o reconhecimento oficial

Em setembro de 2021, El Salvador tornou-se o primeiro país a reconhecer o Bitcoin como moeda de curso legal. A medida, defendida pelo presidente Nayib Bukele, foi recebida com entusiasmo por entusiastas e com ceticismo por instituições financeiras internacionais. O experimento salvadorenho colocou o Bitcoin no centro do debate geopolítico e abriu precedentes para outras nações considerarem o mesmo caminho.

Resumindo, cada um desses momentos representa uma etapa distinta na evolução do Bitcoin: da experimentação à adoção institucional. Ao revisitarmos esses casos emblemáticos, conseguimos entender não apenas como o Bitcoin evoluiu tecnicamente, mas também como sua narrativa se consolidou como parte da história financeira contemporânea. Se a compra da pizza simbolizou o nascimento prático do BTC, o reconhecimento oficial por nações inteiras sugere um futuro em que a moeda digital pode ser protagonista em novas formas de organização econômica global.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ edeb837b:ac664163

On June 10th, 2025, four members of the NVSTly team traveled to New York City to attend the 2025 American Business Awards® ceremony, held at the iconic Marriott Marquis in Times Square. It was an unforgettable night as we accepted the Gold Stevie® Award for Tech Startup of the Year—this time, in person.

Meow (left), rich (center), MartyOooit (right)

Representing NVSTly at the event were:

• Rich, CEO & Founder
• Meow, CTO, Lead Developer, & Co-Founder
• MartyOooit, Investor
• Noob, Market Analyst (not shown in photos)

MartyOooit (left), rich (center), Meow (right)

While we shared the exciting news back in April when the winners were announced, being there in person alongside other winners—including eBay, AT&T, T-Mobile, HP Inc., and Fidelity Investments—made the achievement feel even more surreal. To be honored alongside billion-dollar industry leaders was a proud and humbling moment for our startup and a huge milestone in NVSTly’s journey.

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🎤 Team Interview at the Event

During the event, our team was interviewed about the win. When asked:

“What does winning a Stevie Award mean for your organization?”
“How will winning a Stevie Award help your organization?”

Here’s what we had to say:
📺 Watch the video

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A Big Win for Retail Traders

NVSTly was awarded Gold for Tech Startup of the Year in recognition of our work building a powerful, free social investing platform that empowers retail traders with transparency, analytics, and community-driven tools.

Unlike traditional finance platforms, NVSTly gives users the ability to:

• Share and track trades in real time
• Follow and receive alerts from top traders
• Compete on global leaderboards
• Access deep stats like win rate, average return, and more

Whether you're a beginner or experienced trader, NVSTly gives you the insights and tools typically reserved for hedge funds—but in a free, social format built for the modern investor.

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Continued Recognition and Momentum

This award adds to a growing list of recognition for NVSTly:

• 🏆 People’s Choice Winner at the 2024 Benzinga Fintech Awards
• 🔁 Nominated again for Best Social Investing Product in the 2025 Benzinga Fintech Awards
• 🌟 Team members JustCoreGames and Lunaster are nominated for Employee of the Year (Information Technology – Social Media) in the 2025 Stevie® Awards for Technology Excellence

We’re beyond proud of what our small but mighty team has accomplished—and we’re just getting started. 🚀

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Thanks to the Stevie Awards for an incredible night in New York, and to our community of 50,000+ traders who’ve helped shape NVSTly into what it is today.
This win is yours, too.

Stay tuned—more big things are coming.

— Team NVSTly

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The event brought together some of the most respected names in tech, finance, and business.

@ 57c631a3:07529a8e

Apple expands tools to help parents protect kids and teens online

https://connect-test.layer3.press/articles/567470ec-2349-40b6-9d8f-e2616b222c6d

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

What is KYC/AML?

• The acronym stands for Know Your Customer / Anti Money Laundering.
• In practice it stands for the surveillance measures companies are often compelled to take against their customers by financial regulators.
• Methods differ but often include: Passport Scans, Driver License Uploads, Social Security Numbers, Home Address, Phone Number, Face Scans.
• Bitcoin companies will also store all withdrawal and deposit addresses which can then be used to track bitcoin transactions on the bitcoin block chain.
• This data is then stored and shared. Regulations often require companies to hold this information for a set number of years but in practice users should assume this data will be held indefinitely. Data is often stored insecurely, which results in frequent hacks and leaks.  
• KYC/AML data collection puts all honest users at risk of theft, extortion, and persecution while being ineffective at stopping crime. Criminals often use counterfeit, bought, or stolen credentials to get around the requirements. Criminals can buy "verified" accounts for as little as $200. Furthermore, billions of people are excluded from financial services as a result of KYC/AML requirements.

During the early days of bitcoin most services did not require this sensitive user data, but as adoption increased so did the surveillance measures. At this point, most large bitcoin companies are collecting and storing massive lists of bitcoiners, our sensitive personal information, and our transaction history.

Lists of Bitcoiners

KYC/AML policies are a direct attack on bitcoiners. Lists of bitcoiners and our transaction history will inevitably be used against us.

Once you are on a list with your bitcoin transaction history that record will always exist. Generally speaking, tracking bitcoin is based on probability analysis of ownership change. Surveillance firms use various heuristics to determine if you are sending bitcoin to yourself or if ownership is actually changing hands.  You can obtain better privacy going forward by using collaborative transactions such as coinjoin to break this probability analysis.

Fortunately, you can buy bitcoin without providing intimate personal information. Tools such as peach, hodlhodl, robosats, azteco and bisq help; mining is also a solid option: anyone can plug a miner into power and internet and earn bitcoin by mining privately.

You can also earn bitcoin by providing goods and/or services that can be purchased with bitcoin. Long term, circular economies will mitigate this threat: most people will not buy bitcoin - they will earn bitcoin - most people will not sell bitcoin - they will spend bitcoin.

There is no such thing as KYC or No KYC bitcoin, there are bitcoiners on lists and those that are not on lists.

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If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 4ba8e86d:89d32de4

Como funciona o PGP.

GP 6.5.1. Copyright © 1990-1999 Network Associates, Inc. Todos os direitos reservados.

-O que é criptografia? -Criptografia forte -Como funciona a criptografia? -Criptografia convencional -Cifra de César -Gerenciamento de chaves e criptografia convencional -Criptografia de chave pública -Como funciona o PGP - Chaves • Assinaturas digitais -Funções hash • Certificados digitais -Distribuição de certificados -Formatos de certificado •Validade e confiança -Verificando validade -Estabelecendo confiança -Modelos de confiança • Revogação de certificado -Comunicar que um certificado foi revogado -O que é uma senha? -Divisão de chave

Os princípios básicos da criptografia.

Quando Júlio César enviou mensagens aos seus generais, ele não confiou nos seus mensageiros. Então ele substituiu cada A em suas mensagens por um D, cada B por um E, e assim por diante através do alfabeto. Somente alguém que conhecesse a regra “shift by 3” poderia decifrar suas mensagens. E assim começamos.

Criptografia e descriptografia.

Os dados que podem ser lidos e compreendidos sem quaisquer medidas especiais são chamados de texto simples ou texto não criptografado. O método de disfarçar o texto simples de forma a ocultar sua substância é chamado de criptografia. Criptografar texto simples resulta em um jargão ilegível chamado texto cifrado. Você usa criptografia para garantir que as informações sejam ocultadas de qualquer pessoa a quem não se destinam, mesmo daqueles que podem ver os dados criptografados. O processo de reverter o texto cifrado ao texto simples original é chamado de descriptografia . A Figura 1-1 ilustra esse processo.

https://image.nostr.build/0e2fcb71ed86a6083e083abbb683f8c103f44a6c6db1aeb2df10ae51ec97ebe5.jpg

Figura 1-1. Criptografia e descriptografia

O que é criptografia?

Criptografia é a ciência que usa a matemática para criptografar e descriptografar dados. A criptografia permite armazenar informações confidenciais ou transmiti-las através de redes inseguras (como a Internet) para que não possam ser lidas por ninguém, exceto pelo destinatário pretendido. Embora a criptografia seja a ciência que protege os dados, a criptoanálise é a ciência que analisa e quebra a comunicação segura. A criptoanálise clássica envolve uma combinação interessante de raciocínio analítico, aplicação de ferramentas matemáticas, descoberta de padrões, paciência, determinação e sorte. Os criptoanalistas também são chamados de atacantes. A criptologia abrange tanto a criptografia quanto a criptoanálise.

Criptografia forte.

"Existem dois tipos de criptografia neste mundo: a criptografia que impedirá a sua irmã mais nova de ler os seus arquivos, e a criptografia que impedirá os principais governos de lerem os seus arquivos. Este livro é sobre o último." --Bruce Schneier, Criptografia Aplicada: Protocolos, Algoritmos e Código Fonte em C. PGP também trata deste último tipo de criptografia. A criptografia pode ser forte ou fraca, conforme explicado acima. A força criptográfica é medida no tempo e nos recursos necessários para recuperar o texto simples. O resultado de uma criptografia forte é um texto cifrado que é muito difícil de decifrar sem a posse da ferramenta de decodificação apropriada. Quão díficil? Dado todo o poder computacional e o tempo disponível de hoje – mesmo um bilhão de computadores fazendo um bilhão de verificações por segundo – não é possível decifrar o resultado de uma criptografia forte antes do fim do universo. Alguém poderia pensar, então, que uma criptografia forte resistiria muito bem até mesmo contra um criptoanalista extremamente determinado. Quem pode realmente dizer? Ninguém provou que a criptografia mais forte disponível hoje resistirá ao poder computacional de amanhã. No entanto, a criptografia forte empregada pelo PGP é a melhor disponível atualmente.

Contudo, a vigilância e o conservadorismo irão protegê-lo melhor do que as alegações de impenetrabilidade.

Como funciona a criptografia?

Um algoritmo criptográfico, ou cifra, é uma função matemática usada no processo de criptografia e descriptografia. Um algoritmo criptográfico funciona em combinação com uma chave – uma palavra, número ou frase – para criptografar o texto simples. O mesmo texto simples é criptografado em texto cifrado diferente com chaves diferentes. A segurança dos dados criptografados depende inteiramente de duas coisas: a força do algoritmo criptográfico e o sigilo da chave. Um algoritmo criptográfico, mais todas as chaves possíveis e todos os protocolos que o fazem funcionar constituem um criptossistema. PGP é um criptossistema.

Criptografia convencional.

Na criptografia convencional, também chamada de criptografia de chave secreta ou de chave simétrica , uma chave é usada tanto para criptografia quanto para descriptografia. O Data Encryption Standard (DES) é um exemplo de criptossistema convencional amplamente empregado pelo Governo Federal. A Figura 1-2 é uma ilustração do processo de criptografia convencional. https://image.nostr.build/328b73ebaff84c949df2560bbbcec4bc3b5e3a5163d5fbb2ec7c7c60488f894c.jpg

Figura 1-2. Criptografia convencional

Cifra de César.

Um exemplo extremamente simples de criptografia convencional é uma cifra de substituição. Uma cifra de substituição substitui uma informação por outra. Isso é feito com mais frequência compensando as letras do alfabeto. Dois exemplos são o Anel Decodificador Secreto do Capitão Meia-Noite, que você pode ter possuído quando era criança, e a cifra de Júlio César. Em ambos os casos, o algoritmo serve para compensar o alfabeto e a chave é o número de caracteres para compensá-lo. Por exemplo, se codificarmos a palavra "SEGREDO" usando o valor chave de César de 3, deslocaremos o alfabeto para que a terceira letra abaixo (D) comece o alfabeto. Então começando com A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z e deslizando tudo para cima em 3, você obtém DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABC onde D=A, E=B, F=C e assim por diante. Usando este esquema, o texto simples, "SECRET" é criptografado como "VHFUHW". Para permitir que outra pessoa leia o texto cifrado, você diz a ela que a chave é 3. Obviamente, esta é uma criptografia extremamente fraca para os padrões atuais, mas, ei, funcionou para César e ilustra como funciona a criptografia convencional.

Gerenciamento de chaves e criptografia convencional.

A criptografia convencional tem benefícios. É muito rápido. É especialmente útil para criptografar dados que não vão a lugar nenhum. No entanto, a criptografia convencional por si só como meio de transmissão segura de dados pode ser bastante cara, simplesmente devido à dificuldade de distribuição segura de chaves. Lembre-se de um personagem do seu filme de espionagem favorito: a pessoa com uma pasta trancada e algemada ao pulso. Afinal, o que há na pasta? Provavelmente não é o código de lançamento de mísseis/fórmula de biotoxina/plano de invasão em si. É a chave que irá descriptografar os dados secretos. Para que um remetente e um destinatário se comuniquem com segurança usando criptografia convencional, eles devem chegar a um acordo sobre uma chave e mantê-la secreta entre si. Se estiverem em locais físicos diferentes, devem confiar em um mensageiro, no Bat Phone ou em algum outro meio de comunicação seguro para evitar a divulgação da chave secreta durante a transmissão. Qualquer pessoa que ouvir ou interceptar a chave em trânsito poderá posteriormente ler, modificar e falsificar todas as informações criptografadas ou autenticadas com essa chave. Do DES ao Anel Decodificador Secreto do Capitão Midnight, o problema persistente com a criptografia convencional é a distribuição de chaves: como você leva a chave ao destinatário sem que alguém a intercepte?

Criptografia de chave pública.

Os problemas de distribuição de chaves são resolvidos pela criptografia de chave pública, cujo conceito foi introduzido por Whitfield Diffie e Martin Hellman em 1975. (Há agora evidências de que o Serviço Secreto Britânico a inventou alguns anos antes de Diffie e Hellman, mas a manteve um segredo militar - e não fez nada com isso.

[JH Ellis: The Possibility of Secure Non-Secret Digital Encryption, CESG Report, January 1970]) A criptografia de chave pública é um esquema assimétrico que usa um par de chaves para criptografia: uma chave pública, que criptografa os dados, e uma chave privada ou secreta correspondente para descriptografia. Você publica sua chave pública para o mundo enquanto mantém sua chave privada em segredo. Qualquer pessoa com uma cópia da sua chave pública pode criptografar informações que somente você pode ler. Até mesmo pessoas que você nunca conheceu. É computacionalmente inviável deduzir a chave privada da chave pública. Qualquer pessoa que possua uma chave pública pode criptografar informações, mas não pode descriptografá-las. Somente a pessoa que possui a chave privada correspondente pode descriptografar as informações. https://image.nostr.build/fdb71ae7a4450a523456827bdd509b31f0250f63152cc6f4ba78df290887318b.jpg

Figura 1-3. Criptografia de chave pública O principal benefício da criptografia de chave pública é que ela permite que pessoas que não possuem nenhum acordo de segurança pré-existente troquem mensagens com segurança. A necessidade de remetente e destinatário compartilharem chaves secretas através de algum canal seguro é eliminada; todas as comunicações envolvem apenas chaves públicas e nenhuma chave privada é transmitida ou compartilhada. Alguns exemplos de criptossistemas de chave pública são Elgamal (nomeado em homenagem a seu inventor, Taher Elgamal), RSA (nomeado em homenagem a seus inventores, Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir e Leonard Adleman), Diffie-Hellman (nomeado, você adivinhou, em homenagem a seus inventores). ) e DSA, o algoritmo de assinatura digital (inventado por David Kravitz). Como a criptografia convencional já foi o único meio disponível para transmitir informações secretas, o custo dos canais seguros e da distribuição de chaves relegou a sua utilização apenas àqueles que podiam pagar, como governos e grandes bancos (ou crianças pequenas com anéis descodificadores secretos). A criptografia de chave pública é a revolução tecnológica que fornece criptografia forte para as massas adultas. Lembra do mensageiro com a pasta trancada e algemada ao pulso? A criptografia de chave pública o tira do mercado (provavelmente para seu alívio).

Como funciona o PGP.

O PGP combina alguns dos melhores recursos da criptografia convencional e de chave pública. PGP é um criptossistema híbrido. Quando um usuário criptografa texto simples com PGP, o PGP primeiro compacta o texto simples. A compactação de dados economiza tempo de transmissão do modem e espaço em disco e, mais importante ainda, fortalece a segurança criptográfica. A maioria das técnicas de criptoanálise explora padrões encontrados no texto simples para quebrar a cifra. A compressão reduz esses padrões no texto simples, aumentando assim enormemente a resistência à criptoanálise. (Arquivos que são muito curtos para compactar ou que não são compactados bem não são compactados.) O PGP então cria uma chave de sessão, que é uma chave secreta única. Esta chave é um número aleatório gerado a partir dos movimentos aleatórios do mouse e das teclas digitadas. Esta chave de sessão funciona com um algoritmo de criptografia convencional rápido e muito seguro para criptografar o texto simples; o resultado é texto cifrado. Depois que os dados são criptografados, a chave da sessão é criptografada na chave pública do destinatário. Essa chave de sessão criptografada com chave pública é transmitida junto com o texto cifrado ao destinatário.

Figura 1-4. Como funciona a criptografia PGP A descriptografia funciona ao contrário. A cópia do PGP do destinatário usa sua chave privada para recuperar a chave de sessão temporária, que o PGP usa para descriptografar o texto cifrado criptografado convencionalmente.

Figura 1-5. Como funciona a descriptografia PGP A combinação dos dois métodos de criptografia combina a conveniência da criptografia de chave pública com a velocidade da criptografia convencional. A criptografia convencional é cerca de 1.000 vezes mais rápida que a criptografia de chave pública. A criptografia de chave pública, por sua vez, fornece uma solução para

problemas de distribuição de chaves e transmissão de dados. Usados ​​em conjunto, o desempenho e a distribuição de chaves são melhorados sem qualquer sacrifício na segurança.

Chaves.

Uma chave é um valor que funciona com um algoritmo criptográfico para produzir um texto cifrado específico. As chaves são basicamente números muito, muito, muito grandes. O tamanho da chave é medido em bits; o número que representa uma chave de 1024 bits é enorme. Na criptografia de chave pública, quanto maior a chave, mais seguro é o texto cifrado. No entanto, o tamanho da chave pública e o tamanho da chave secreta da criptografia convencional não têm nenhuma relação. Uma chave convencional de 80 bits tem a força equivalente a uma chave pública de 1.024 bits. Uma chave convencional de 128 bits é equivalente a uma chave pública de 3.000 bits. Novamente, quanto maior a chave, mais segura, mas os algoritmos usados ​​para cada tipo de criptografia são muito diferentes e, portanto, a comparação é como a de maçãs com laranjas. Embora as chaves pública e privada estejam matematicamente relacionadas, é muito difícil derivar a chave privada dada apenas a chave pública; no entanto, derivar a chave privada é sempre possível, desde que haja tempo e capacidade computacional suficientes. Isto torna muito importante escolher chaves do tamanho certo; grande o suficiente para ser seguro, mas pequeno o suficiente para ser aplicado rapidamente. Além disso, você precisa considerar quem pode estar tentando ler seus arquivos, quão determinados eles estão, quanto tempo têm e quais podem ser seus recursos. Chaves maiores serão criptograficamente seguras por um longo período de tempo. Se o que você deseja criptografar precisar ficar oculto por muitos anos, você pode usar uma chave muito grande. Claro, quem sabe quanto tempo levará para determinar sua chave usando os computadores mais rápidos e eficientes de amanhã? Houve um tempo em que uma chave simétrica de 56 bits era considerada extremamente segura. As chaves são armazenadas de forma criptografada. O PGP armazena as chaves em dois arquivos no seu disco rígido; um para chaves públicas e outro para chaves privadas. Esses arquivos são chamados de chaveiros. Ao usar o PGP, você normalmente adicionará as chaves públicas dos seus destinatários ao seu chaveiro público. Suas chaves privadas são armazenadas em seu chaveiro privado. Se você perder seu chaveiro privado, não será possível descriptografar nenhuma informação criptografada nas chaves desse anel.

Assinaturas digitais.

Um grande benefício da criptografia de chave pública é que ela fornece um método para empregar assinaturas digitais. As assinaturas digitais permitem ao destinatário da informação verificar a autenticidade da origem da informação e também verificar se a informação está intacta. Assim, as assinaturas digitais de chave pública fornecem autenticação e integridade de dados. A assinatura digital também proporciona o não repúdio, o que significa que evita que o remetente alegue que não enviou realmente as informações. Esses recursos são tão fundamentais para a criptografia quanto a privacidade, se não mais. Uma assinatura digital tem a mesma finalidade de uma assinatura manuscrita. No entanto, uma assinatura manuscrita é fácil de falsificar. Uma assinatura digital é superior a uma assinatura manuscrita porque é quase impossível de ser falsificada, além de atestar o conteúdo da informação, bem como a identidade do signatário.

Algumas pessoas tendem a usar mais assinaturas do que criptografia. Por exemplo, você pode não se importar se alguém souber que você acabou de depositar US$ 1.000 em sua conta, mas quer ter certeza de que foi o caixa do banco com quem você estava lidando. A maneira básica pela qual as assinaturas digitais são criadas é ilustrada na Figura 1-6 . Em vez de criptografar informações usando a chave pública de outra pessoa, você as criptografa com sua chave privada. Se as informações puderem ser descriptografadas com sua chave pública, elas deverão ter se originado em você.

Figura 1-6. Assinaturas digitais simples

Funções hash.

O sistema descrito acima apresenta alguns problemas. É lento e produz um enorme volume de dados – pelo menos o dobro do tamanho da informação original. Uma melhoria no esquema acima é a adição de uma função hash unidirecional no processo. Uma função hash unidirecional recebe uma entrada de comprimento variável – neste caso, uma mensagem de qualquer comprimento, até mesmo milhares ou milhões de bits – e produz uma saída de comprimento fixo; digamos, 160 bits. A função hash garante que, se a informação for alterada de alguma forma – mesmo que por apenas um bit – seja produzido um valor de saída totalmente diferente. O PGP usa uma função hash criptograficamente forte no texto simples que o usuário está assinando. Isso gera um item de dados de comprimento fixo conhecido como resumo da mensagem. (Novamente, qualquer alteração nas informações resulta em um resumo totalmente diferente.) Então o PGP usa o resumo e a chave privada para criar a “assinatura”. O PGP transmite a assinatura e o texto simples juntos. Ao receber a mensagem, o destinatário utiliza o PGP para recalcular o resumo, verificando assim a assinatura. O PGP pode criptografar o texto simples ou não; assinar texto simples é útil se alguns dos destinatários não estiverem interessados ​​ou não forem capazes de verificar a assinatura. Desde que uma função hash segura seja usada, não há como retirar a assinatura de alguém de um documento e anexá-la a outro, ou alterar uma mensagem assinada de qualquer forma. A menor alteração em um documento assinado causará falha no processo de verificação da assinatura digital.

Figura 1-7. Assinaturas digitais seguras As assinaturas digitais desempenham um papel importante na autenticação e validação de chaves de outros usuários PGP.

Certificados digitais.

Um problema com os criptosistemas de chave pública é que os usuários devem estar constantemente vigilantes para garantir que estão criptografando com a chave da pessoa correta. Num ambiente onde é seguro trocar chaves livremente através de servidores públicos, os ataques man-in-the-middle são uma ameaça potencial. Neste tipo de ataque, alguém publica uma chave falsa com o nome e ID de usuário do destinatário pretendido. Os dados criptografados – e interceptados por – o verdadeiro proprietário desta chave falsa estão agora em mãos erradas. Em um ambiente de chave pública, é vital que você tenha certeza de que a chave pública para a qual você está criptografando os dados é de fato a chave pública do destinatário pretendido e não uma falsificação. Você pode simplesmente criptografar apenas as chaves que foram entregues fisicamente a você. Mas suponha que você precise trocar informações com pessoas que nunca conheceu; como você pode saber se tem a chave correta? Os certificados digitais, ou certs, simplificam a tarefa de estabelecer se uma chave pública realmente pertence ao suposto proprietário. Um certificado é uma forma de credencial. Exemplos podem ser sua carteira de motorista, seu cartão de previdência social ou sua certidão de nascimento. Cada um deles contém algumas informações que identificam você e alguma autorização informando que outra pessoa confirmou sua identidade. Alguns certificados, como o seu passaporte, são uma confirmação importante o suficiente da sua identidade para que você não queira perdê-los, para que ninguém os use para se passar por você.

Um certificado digital são dados que funcionam como um certificado físico. Um certificado digital é uma informação incluída na chave pública de uma pessoa que ajuda outras pessoas a verificar se uma chave é genuína ou válida. Os certificados digitais são usados ​​para impedir tentativas de substituir a chave de uma pessoa por outra.

Um certificado digital consiste em três coisas:

● Uma chave pública.

● Informações do certificado. (Informações de "identidade" sobre o usuário, como nome, ID do usuário e assim por diante.) ● Uma ou mais assinaturas digitais.

O objetivo da assinatura digital em um certificado é afirmar que as informações do certificado foram atestadas por alguma outra pessoa ou entidade. A assinatura digital não atesta a autenticidade do certificado como um todo; ele atesta apenas que as informações de identidade assinadas acompanham ou estão vinculadas à chave pública. Assim, um certificado é basicamente uma chave pública com uma ou duas formas de identificação anexadas, além de um forte selo de aprovação de algum outro indivíduo confiável. Figura 1-8. Anatomia de um certificado PGP

Distribuição de certificados.

Os certificados são utilizados quando é necessário trocar chaves públicas com outra pessoa. Para pequenos grupos de pessoas que desejam se comunicar com segurança, é fácil trocar manualmente disquetes ou e-mails contendo a chave pública de cada proprietário. Esta é a distribuição manual de chave pública e é prática apenas até certo ponto. Além desse ponto, é necessário implementar sistemas que possam fornecer os mecanismos necessários de segurança, armazenamento e troca para que colegas de trabalho, parceiros de negócios ou estranhos possam se comunicar, se necessário. Eles podem vir na forma de repositórios somente de armazenamento, chamados Servidores de Certificados, ou sistemas mais estruturados que fornecem recursos adicionais de gerenciamento de chaves e são chamados de Infraestruturas de Chave Pública (PKIs).

Servidores de certificados.

Um servidor de certificados, também chamado de servidor certificado ou servidor de chaves, é um banco de dados que permite aos usuários enviar e recuperar certificados digitais. Um servidor certificado geralmente fornece alguns recursos administrativos que permitem que uma empresa mantenha suas políticas de segurança – por exemplo, permitindo que apenas as chaves que atendam a determinados requisitos sejam armazenadas.

Infraestruturas de Chave Pública.

Uma PKI contém os recursos de armazenamento de certificados de um servidor de certificados, mas também fornece recursos de gerenciamento de certificados (a capacidade de emitir, revogar, armazenar, recuperar e confiar em certificados). A principal característica de uma PKI é a introdução do que é conhecido como Autoridade Certificadora,ou CA, que é uma entidade humana — uma pessoa, grupo, departamento, empresa ou outra associação — que uma organização autorizou a emitir certificados para seus usuários de computador. (A função de uma CA é análoga à do Passport Office do governo de um país.) Uma CA cria certificados e os assina digitalmente usando a chave privada da CA. Devido ao seu papel na criação de certificados, a CA é o componente central de uma PKI. Usando a chave pública da CA, qualquer pessoa que queira verificar a autenticidade de um certificado verifica a assinatura digital da CA emissora e, portanto, a integridade do conteúdo do certificado (mais importante ainda, a chave pública e a identidade do titular do certificado).

Formatos de certificado.

Um certificado digital é basicamente uma coleção de informações de identificação vinculadas a uma chave pública e assinadas por um terceiro confiável para provar sua autenticidade. Um certificado digital pode ter vários formatos diferentes.

O PGP reconhece dois formatos de certificado diferentes:

● Certificados PGP ● Certificados X.509 Formato do certificado PGP. Um certificado PGP inclui (mas não está limitado a) as seguintes informações: ● O número da versão do PGP — identifica qual versão do PGP foi usada para criar a chave associada ao certificado. A chave pública do titular do certificado — a parte pública do seu par de chaves, juntamente com o algoritmo da chave: RSA, DH (Diffie-Hellman) ou DSA (Algoritmo de Assinatura Digital).

● As informações do detentor do certificado — consistem em informações de “identidade” sobre o usuário, como seu nome, ID de usuário, fotografia e assim por diante. ● A assinatura digital do proprietário do certificado — também chamada de autoassinatura, é a assinatura que utiliza a chave privada correspondente da chave pública associada ao certificado. ● O período de validade do certificado — a data/hora de início e a data/hora de expiração do certificado; indica quando o certificado irá expirar. ● O algoritmo de criptografia simétrica preferido para a chave — indica o algoritmo de criptografia para o qual o proprietário do certificado prefere que as informações sejam criptografadas. Os algoritmos suportados são CAST, IDEA ou Triple-DES. Você pode pensar em um certificado PGP como uma chave pública com um ou mais rótulos vinculados a ele (veja a Figura 1.9 ). Nessas 'etiquetas' você encontrará informações que identificam o proprietário da chave e uma assinatura do proprietário da chave, que afirma que a chave e a identificação andam juntas. (Essa assinatura específica é chamada de autoassinatura; todo certificado PGP contém uma autoassinatura.) Um aspecto único do formato de certificado PGP é que um único certificado pode conter múltiplas assinaturas. Várias ou muitas pessoas podem assinar o par chave/identificação para atestar a sua própria garantia de que a chave pública pertence definitivamente ao proprietário especificado. Se você procurar em um servidor de certificados público, poderá notar que certos certificados, como o do criador do PGP, Phil Zimmermann, contêm muitas assinaturas. Alguns certificados PGP consistem em uma chave pública com vários rótulos, cada um contendo um meio diferente de identificar o proprietário da chave (por exemplo, o nome do proprietário e a conta de e-mail corporativa, o apelido do proprietário e a conta de e-mail residencial, uma fotografia do proprietário — tudo em um certificado). A lista de assinaturas de cada uma dessas identidades pode ser diferente; as assinaturas atestam a autenticidade de que um dos rótulos pertence à chave pública, e não que todos os rótulos da chave sejam autênticos. (Observe que 'autêntico' está nos olhos de quem vê - assinaturas são opiniões, e diferentes pessoas dedicam diferentes níveis de devida diligência na verificação da autenticidade antes de assinar uma chave.) Figura 1-9. Um certificado PGP

Formato de certificado X.509.

X.509 é outro formato de certificado muito comum. Todos os certificados X.509 estão em conformidade com o padrão internacional ITU-T X.509; assim (teoricamente) os certificados X.509 criados para um aplicativo podem ser usados ​​por qualquer aplicativo compatível com X.509. Na prática, porém, diferentes empresas criaram suas próprias extensões para certificados X.509, e nem todas funcionam juntas. Um certificado exige que alguém valide que uma chave pública e o nome do proprietário da chave andam juntos. Com os certificados PGP, qualquer pessoa pode desempenhar o papel de validador. Com certificados X.509, o validador é sempre uma Autoridade Certificadora ou alguém designado por uma CA. (Tenha em mente que os certificados PGP também suportam totalmente uma estrutura hierárquica usando uma CA para validar certificados.)

Um certificado X.509 é uma coleção de um conjunto padrão de campos contendo informações sobre um usuário ou dispositivo e sua chave pública correspondente. O padrão X.509 define quais informações vão para o certificado e descreve como codificá-lo (o formato dos dados). Todos os certificados X.509 possuem os seguintes dados:

O número da versão X.509

— identifica qual versão do padrão X.509 se aplica a este certificado, o que afeta quais informações podem ser especificadas nele. A mais atual é a versão 3.

A chave pública do titular do certificado

— a chave pública do titular do certificado, juntamente com um identificador de algoritmo que especifica a qual sistema criptográfico a chave pertence e quaisquer parâmetros de chave associados.

O número de série do certificado

— a entidade (aplicação ou pessoa) que criou o certificado é responsável por atribuir-lhe um número de série único para distingui-lo de outros certificados que emite. Esta informação é usada de diversas maneiras; por exemplo, quando um certificado é revogado, seu número de série é colocado em uma Lista de Revogação de Certificados ou CRL.

O identificador exclusivo do detentor do certificado

— (ou DN — nome distinto). Este nome pretende ser exclusivo na Internet. Este nome pretende ser exclusivo na Internet. Um DN consiste em múltiplas subseções e pode ser parecido com isto: CN=Bob Allen, OU=Divisão Total de Segurança de Rede, O=Network Associates, Inc., C=EUA (Referem-se ao nome comum, à unidade organizacional, à organização e ao país do sujeito .)

O período de validade do certificado

— a data/hora de início e a data/hora de expiração do certificado; indica quando o certificado irá expirar.

O nome exclusivo do emissor do certificado

— o nome exclusivo da entidade que assinou o certificado. Normalmente é uma CA. A utilização do certificado implica confiar na entidade que assinou este certificado. (Observe que em alguns casos, como certificados de CA raiz ou de nível superior , o emissor assina seu próprio certificado.)

A assinatura digital do emitente

— a assinatura utilizando a chave privada da entidade que emitiu o certificado.

O identificador do algoritmo de assinatura

— identifica o algoritmo usado pela CA para assinar o certificado.

Existem muitas diferenças entre um certificado X.509 e um certificado PGP, mas as mais importantes são as seguintes: você pode criar seu próprio certificado PGP;

● você deve solicitar e receber um certificado X.509 de uma autoridade de certificação

● Os certificados X.509 suportam nativamente apenas um único nome para o proprietário da chave

● Os certificados X.509 suportam apenas uma única assinatura digital para atestar a validade da chave

Para obter um certificado X.509, você deve solicitar a uma CA a emissão de um certificado. Você fornece sua chave pública, prova de que possui a chave privada correspondente e algumas informações específicas sobre você. Em seguida, você assina digitalmente as informações e envia o pacote completo – a solicitação de certificado – para a CA. A CA então realiza algumas diligências para verificar se as informações fornecidas estão corretas e, em caso afirmativo, gera o certificado e o devolve.

Você pode pensar em um certificado X.509 como um certificado de papel padrão (semelhante ao que você recebeu ao concluir uma aula de primeiros socorros básicos) com uma chave pública colada nele. Ele contém seu nome e algumas informações sobre você, além da assinatura da pessoa que o emitiu para você.

Figura 1-10. Um certificado X.509 Provavelmente, o uso mais visível dos certificados X.509 atualmente é em navegadores da web.

Validade e confiança Cada usuário em um sistema de chave pública está vulnerável a confundir uma chave falsa (certificado) com uma chave real. Validade é a confiança de que um certificado de chave pública pertence ao seu suposto proprietário. A validade é essencial em um ambiente de chave pública onde você deve estabelecer constantemente se um determinado certificado é autêntico ou não. Depois de ter certeza de que um certificado pertencente a outra pessoa é válido, você pode assinar a cópia em seu chaveiro para atestar que verificou o certificado e que ele é autêntico. Se quiser que outras pessoas saibam que você deu ao certificado seu selo de aprovação, você pode exportar a assinatura para um servidor de certificados para que outras pessoas possam vê-la.

Conforme descrito na seção Infraestruturas de Chave Pública , algumas empresas designam uma ou mais Autoridades de Certificação (CAs) para indicar a validade do certificado. Em uma organização que usa uma PKI com certificados X.509, é função da CA emitir certificados aos usuários — um processo que geralmente envolve responder à solicitação de certificado do usuário. Em uma organização que usa certificados PGP sem PKI, é função da CA verificar a autenticidade de todos os certificados PGP e depois assinar os bons. Basicamente, o objetivo principal de uma CA é vincular uma chave pública às informações de identificação contidas no certificado e, assim, garantir a terceiros que algum cuidado foi tomado para garantir que esta ligação das informações de identificação e da chave seja válida. O CA é o Grand Pooh-bah da validação em uma organização; alguém em quem todos confiam e, em algumas organizações, como aquelas que utilizam uma PKI, nenhum certificado é considerado válido, a menos que tenha sido assinado por uma CA confiável.

Verificando validade.

Uma maneira de estabelecer a validade é passar por algum processo manual. Existem várias maneiras de fazer isso. Você pode exigir que o destinatário pretendido lhe entregue fisicamente uma cópia de sua chave pública. Mas isto é muitas vezes inconveniente e ineficiente. Outra forma é verificar manualmente a impressão digital do certificado. Assim como as impressões digitais de cada ser humano são únicas, a impressão digital de cada certificado PGP é única. A impressão digital é um hash do certificado do usuário e aparece como uma das propriedades do certificado. No PGP, a impressão digital pode aparecer como um número hexadecimal ou uma série das chamadas palavras biométricas, que são foneticamente distintas e são usadas para facilitar um pouco o processo de identificação da impressão digital. Você pode verificar se um certificado é válido ligando para o proprietário da chave (para que você origine a transação) e pedindo ao proprietário que leia a impressão digital de sua chave para você e compare essa impressão digital com aquela que você acredita ser a verdadeira. Isso funciona se você conhece a voz do proprietário, mas como verificar manualmente a identidade de alguém que você não conhece? Algumas pessoas colocam a impressão digital de sua chave em seus cartões de visita exatamente por esse motivo. Outra forma de estabelecer a validade do certificado de alguém é confiar que um terceiro indivíduo passou pelo processo de validação do mesmo. Uma CA, por exemplo, é responsável por garantir que, antes de emitir um certificado, ele ou ela o verifique cuidadosamente para ter certeza de que a parte da chave pública realmente pertence ao suposto proprietário. Qualquer pessoa que confie na CA considerará automaticamente quaisquer certificados assinados pela CA como válidos. Outro aspecto da verificação da validade é garantir que o certificado não foi revogado. Para obter mais informações, consulte a seção Revogação de certificado .

Estabelecendo confiança.

Você valida certificados. Você confia nas pessoas. Mais especificamente, você confia nas pessoas para validar os certificados de outras pessoas. Normalmente, a menos que o proprietário lhe entregue o certificado, você terá que confiar na palavra de outra pessoa de que ele é válido.

Introdutores meta e confiáveis.

​​Na maioria das situações, as pessoas confiam completamente na CA para estabelecer a validade dos certificados. Isso significa que todos os demais dependem da CA para passar por todo o processo de validação manual. Isso é aceitável até um certo número de usuários ou locais de trabalho e, então, não é possível para a AC manter o mesmo nível de validação de qualidade. Nesse caso, é necessário adicionar outros validadores ao sistema.

Um CA também pode ser um meta- introdutor. Um meta-introdutor confere não apenas validade às chaves, mas também confere a capacidade de confiar nas chaves a outros. Semelhante ao rei que entrega seu selo a seus conselheiros de confiança para que eles possam agir de acordo com sua autoridade, o meta-introdutor permite que outros atuem como introdutores de confiança. Esses introdutores confiáveis ​​podem validar chaves com o mesmo efeito do meta-introdutor. Eles não podem, entretanto, criar novos introdutores confiáveis.

Meta-introdutor e introdutor confiável são termos PGP. Em um ambiente X.509, o meta-introdutor é chamado de Autoridade de Certificação raiz ( CA raiz) e os introdutores confiáveis ​​são Autoridades de Certificação subordinadas . A CA raiz usa a chave privada associada a um tipo de certificado especial denominado certificado CA raiz para assinar certificados. Qualquer certificado assinado pelo certificado CA raiz é visto como válido por qualquer outro certificado assinado pela raiz. Este processo de validação funciona mesmo para certificados assinados por outras CAs no sistema — desde que o certificado da CA raiz tenha assinado o certificado da CA subordinada, qualquer certificado assinado pela CA será considerado válido para outras pessoas dentro da hierarquia. Este processo de verificação de backup por meio do sistema para ver quem assinou cujo certificado é chamado de rastreamento de um caminho de certificação ou cadeia de certificação.

Modelos de confiança.

Em sistemas relativamente fechados, como em uma pequena empresa, é fácil rastrear um caminho de certificação até a CA raiz. No entanto, os usuários muitas vezes precisam se comunicar com pessoas fora do seu ambiente corporativo, incluindo algumas que nunca conheceram, como fornecedores, consumidores, clientes, associados e assim por diante. É difícil estabelecer uma linha de confiança com aqueles em quem sua CA não confia explicitamente. As empresas seguem um ou outro modelo de confiança, que determina como os usuários irão estabelecer a validade do certificado. Existem três modelos diferentes:

Confiança Direta.

Confiança Hierárquica Uma teia de confiança Confiança direta A confiança direta é o modelo de confiança mais simples. Neste modelo, um usuário confia que uma chave é válida porque sabe de onde ela veio. Todos os criptosistemas usam essa forma de confiança de alguma forma. Por exemplo, em navegadores da Web, as chaves raiz da Autoridade de Certificação são diretamente confiáveis ​​porque foram enviadas pelo fabricante. Se houver alguma forma de hierarquia, ela se estenderá a partir desses certificados diretamente confiáveis. No PGP, um usuário que valida as chaves e nunca define outro certificado para ser um introdutor confiável está usando confiança direta. Figura 1-11. Confiança direta

Confiança Hierárquica.

Em um sistema hierárquico, há vários certificados "raiz" a partir dos quais a confiança se estende. Esses certificados podem certificar eles próprios certificados ou podem certificar certificados que certificam ainda outros certificados em alguma cadeia. Considere isso como uma grande “árvore” de confiança. A validade do certificado "folha" é verificada rastreando desde seu certificador até outros certificadores, até que um certificado raiz diretamente confiável seja encontrado.

Figura 1-12. Confiança hierárquica

Teia de Confiança.

Uma teia de confiança abrange ambos os outros modelos, mas também acrescenta a noção de que a confiança está nos olhos de quem vê (que é a visão do mundo real) e a ideia de que mais informação é melhor. É, portanto, um modelo de confiança cumulativa. Um certificado pode ser confiável diretamente ou confiável em alguma cadeia que remonta a um certificado raiz diretamente confiável (o meta-introdutor) ou por algum grupo de introdutores.

Talvez você já tenha ouvido falar do termo seis graus de separação, que sugere que qualquer pessoa no mundo pode determinar algum vínculo com qualquer outra pessoa no mundo usando seis ou menos outras pessoas como intermediários. Esta é uma teia de introdutores. É também a visão de confiança do PGP. PGP usa assinaturas digitais como forma de introdução. Quando qualquer usuário assina a chave de outro, ele ou ela se torna o introdutor dessa chave. À medida que esse processo avança, ele estabelece uma rede de confiança.

Em um ambiente PGP, qualquer usuário pode atuar como autoridade certificadora. Qualquer usuário PGP pode validar o certificado de chave pública de outro usuário PGP. No entanto, tal certificado só é válido para outro usuário se a parte confiável reconhecer o validador como um introdutor confiável. (Ou seja, você confia na minha opinião de que as chaves dos outros são válidas apenas se você me considerar um apresentador confiável. Caso contrário, minha opinião sobre a validade das outras chaves é discutível.) Armazenados no chaveiro público de cada usuário estão indicadores de

● se o usuário considera ou não uma chave específica válida

● o nível de confiança que o usuário deposita na chave que o proprietário da chave pode servir como certificador das chaves de terceiros

Você indica, na sua cópia da minha chave, se acha que meu julgamento conta. Na verdade, é um sistema de reputação: certas pessoas têm a reputação de fornecer boas assinaturas e as pessoas confiam nelas para atestar a validade de outras chaves.

Níveis de confiança no PGP.

O nível mais alto de confiança em uma chave, a confiança implícita , é a confiança em seu próprio par de chaves. O PGP assume que se você possui a chave privada, você deve confiar nas ações da sua chave pública relacionada. Quaisquer chaves assinadas pela sua chave implicitamente confiável são válidas.

Existem três níveis de confiança que você pode atribuir à chave pública de outra pessoa:

● Confiança total ● Confiança marginal ● Não confiável (ou não confiável)

Para tornar as coisas confusas, também existem três níveis de validade:

● Válido ● Marginalmente válido ● Inválido

Para definir a chave de outra pessoa como um introdutor confiável, você

1. Comece com uma chave válida, que seja.
2. assinado por você ou

3. assinado por outro apresentador confiável e então

4. Defina o nível de confiança que você acha que o proprietário da chave tem direito.

Por exemplo, suponha que seu chaveiro contenha a chave de Alice. Você validou a chave de Alice e indica isso assinando-a. Você sabe que Alice é uma verdadeira defensora da validação de chaves de outras pessoas. Portanto, você atribui a chave dela com confiança total. Isso faz de Alice uma Autoridade Certificadora. Se Alice assinar a chave de outra pessoa, ela aparecerá como Válida em seu chaveiro. O PGP requer uma assinatura Totalmente confiável ou duas assinaturas Marginalmente confiáveis ​​para estabelecer uma chave como válida. O método do PGP de considerar dois Marginais iguais a um Completo é semelhante a um comerciante que solicita duas formas de identificação. Você pode considerar Alice bastante confiável e também considerar Bob bastante confiável. Qualquer um deles sozinho corre o risco de assinar acidentalmente uma chave falsificada, portanto, você pode não depositar total confiança em nenhum deles. No entanto, as probabilidades de ambos os indivíduos terem assinado a mesma chave falsa são provavelmente pequenas.

Revogação de certificado.

Os certificados só são úteis enquanto são válidos. Não é seguro simplesmente presumir que um certificado é válido para sempre. Na maioria das organizações e em todas as PKIs, os certificados têm uma vida útil restrita. Isso restringe o período em que um sistema fica vulnerável caso ocorra um comprometimento do certificado.

Os certificados são assim criados com um período de validade programado: uma data/hora de início e uma data/hora de expiração. Espera-se que o certificado seja utilizável durante todo o seu período de validade (seu tempo de vida ). Quando o certificado expirar, ele não será mais válido, pois a autenticidade do seu par chave/identificação não estará mais garantida. (O certificado ainda pode ser usado com segurança para reconfirmar informações que foram criptografadas ou assinadas dentro do período de validade – no entanto, ele não deve ser confiável para tarefas criptográficas futuras.)

Existem também situações em que é necessário invalidar um certificado antes da sua data de expiração, como quando o titular do certificado termina o contrato de trabalho com a empresa ou suspeita que a chave privada correspondente do certificado foi comprometida. Isso é chamado de revogação. Um certificado revogado é muito mais suspeito do que um certificado expirado. Os certificados expirados são inutilizáveis, mas não apresentam a mesma ameaça de comprometimento que um certificado revogado. Qualquer pessoa que tenha assinado um certificado pode revogar a sua assinatura no certificado (desde que utilize a mesma chave privada que criou a assinatura). Uma assinatura revogada indica que o signatário não acredita mais que a chave pública e as informações de identificação pertencem uma à outra, ou que a chave pública do certificado (ou a chave privada correspondente) foi comprometida. Uma assinatura revogada deve ter quase tanto peso quanto um certificado revogado. Com certificados X.509, uma assinatura revogada é praticamente igual a um certificado revogado, visto que a única assinatura no certificado é aquela que o tornou válido em primeiro lugar – a assinatura da CA. Os certificados PGP fornecem o recurso adicional de que você pode revogar todo o seu certificado (não apenas as assinaturas nele) se você achar que o certificado foi comprometido. Somente o proprietário do certificado (o detentor da chave privada correspondente) ou alguém que o proprietário do certificado tenha designado como revogador pode revogar um certificado PGP. (Designar um revogador é uma prática útil, pois muitas vezes é a perda da senha da chave privada correspondente do certificado que leva um usuário PGP a revogar seu certificado - uma tarefa que só é possível se alguém tiver acesso à chave privada. ) Somente o emissor do certificado pode revogar um certificado X.509.

Comunicar que um certificado foi revogado.

Quando um certificado é revogado, é importante conscientizar os usuários potenciais do certificado de que ele não é mais válido. Com certificados PGP, a maneira mais comum de comunicar que um certificado foi revogado é publicá-lo em um servidor de certificados para que outras pessoas que desejem se comunicar com você sejam avisadas para não usar essa chave pública. Em um ambiente PKI, a comunicação de certificados revogados é mais comumente obtida por meio de uma estrutura de dados chamada Lista de Revogação de Certificados, ou CRL, que é publicada pela CA. A CRL contém uma lista validada com carimbo de data e hora de todos os certificados revogados e não expirados no sistema. Os certificados revogados permanecem na lista apenas até expirarem e, em seguida, são removidos da lista — isso evita que a lista fique muito longa. A CA distribui a CRL aos usuários em algum intervalo programado regularmente (e potencialmente fora do ciclo, sempre que um certificado é revogado). Teoricamente, isso impedirá que os usuários usem involuntariamente um certificado comprometido. É possível, no entanto, que haja um período de tempo entre as CRLs em que um certificado recentemente comprometido seja usado.

O que é uma senha?

A maioria das pessoas está familiarizada com a restrição de acesso a sistemas de computador por meio de uma senha, que é uma sequência única de caracteres que um usuário digita como código de identificação.

Uma senha longa é uma versão mais longa de uma senha e, em teoria, mais segura. Normalmente composta por várias palavras, uma frase secreta é mais segura contra ataques de dicionário padrão, em que o invasor tenta todas as palavras do dicionário na tentativa de determinar sua senha. As melhores senhas são relativamente longas e complexas e contêm uma combinação de letras maiúsculas e minúsculas, caracteres numéricos e de pontuação. O PGP usa uma senha para criptografar sua chave privada em sua máquina. Sua chave privada é criptografada em seu disco usando um hash de sua senha como chave secreta. Você usa a senha para descriptografar e usar sua chave privada. Uma senha deve ser difícil de esquecer e difícil de ser adivinhada por outras pessoas. Deve ser algo já firmemente enraizado na sua memória de longo prazo, em vez de algo que você invente do zero. Por que? Porque se você esquecer sua senha, você estará sem sorte. Sua chave privada é total e absolutamente inútil sem sua senha e nada pode ser feito a respeito. Lembra-se da citação anterior neste capítulo?

PGP é a criptografia que manterá os principais governos fora dos seus arquivos. Certamente também o manterá fora de seus arquivos. Tenha isso em mente quando decidir alterar sua senha para a piada daquela piada que você nunca consegue lembrar.

Divisão de chave.

Dizem que um segredo não é segredo se for conhecido por mais de uma pessoa. Compartilhar um par de chaves privadas representa um grande problema. Embora não seja uma prática recomendada, às vezes é necessário compartilhar um par de chaves privadas. Chaves de assinatura corporativa, por exemplo, são chaves privadas usadas por uma empresa para assinar – por exemplo – documentos legais, informações pessoais confidenciais ou comunicados de imprensa para autenticar sua origem. Nesse caso, vale a pena que vários membros da empresa tenham acesso à chave privada. No entanto, isto significa que qualquer indivíduo pode agir plenamente em nome da empresa. Nesse caso, é aconselhável dividir a chave entre várias pessoas, de modo que mais de uma ou duas pessoas apresentem um pedaço da chave para reconstituí-la em condições utilizáveis. Se poucas peças da chave estiverem disponíveis, a chave ficará inutilizável. Alguns exemplos são dividir uma chave em três partes e exigir duas delas para reconstituir a chave, ou dividi-la em duas partes e exigir ambas as peças. Se uma conexão de rede segura for usada durante o processo de reconstituição, os acionistas da chave não precisam estar fisicamente presentes para aderirem novamente à chave.

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

Quando se fala em Bitcoin, é comum chama-lo de moeda digital ou "investimento especulativo". No entanto, uma das funções mais fundamentais e menos compreendidas do Bitcoin é a sua função como rede de liquidação. Para entender isso, vale compará-lo com os sistemas tradicionais de liquidação, como o SWIFT, e explorar como o Bitcoin oferece uma camada base de transferência de valor global, descentralizada e resistente à censura.

Antes de mais, explico a diferença entre liquidez e liquidação:

Liquidez refere-se à facilidade de converter um ativo em “dinheiro” sem perda de valor.

Liquidação é o processo de concluir uma transação (transferência real de valor entre partes).

SWIFT: a camada de comunicação do sistema financeiro tradicional

O sistema SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) é uma rede de comunicação entre bancos. Ele não movimenta dinheiro diretamente, mas envia mensagens padronizadas que instruem as instituições financeiras a realizarem transferências. O processo envolve diversos intermediários, é custoso, lento (podendo levar dias) e depende de confiança entre as partes e regulações locais.

Diferente do SWIFT, o Bitcoin é uma rede autossuficiente que permite a liquidação direta de valores entre duas partes, sem necessidade de intermediários. A cada bloco minerado, transações são validadas e registradas de forma imutável em uma base de dados global, transparente e segura: a blockchain.

Liquidação final: Assim que uma transação é confirmada por um número suficiente de blocos, ela é considerada final e irreversível.

Resistência à censura: Não há entidade central que possa impedir ou reverter uma transação válida.

Disponibilidade global: A rede está acessível 24 horas por dia, 7 dias por semana, em qualquer lugar do mundo com acesso à internet.

Assim como o ouro já serviu como base para sistemas monetários, o Bitcoin está se consolidando como uma camada base de valor digital. Essa base pode dar suporte a outras camadas, como:

Lightning Network, que permite transações quase instantâneas e com baixíssimas taxas;

Serviços financeiros tokenizados, que podem usar o Bitcoin como colateral ou meio de liquidação entre instituições.

Ao funcionar como uma rede de liquidação pública e neutra, o Bitcoin oferece uma alternativa ao sistema tradicional, que é fragmentado, fechado e baseado em confiança entre instituições.

Resumindo, mais do que um ativo especulativo, o Bitcoin está emergindo como uma infraestrutura financeira global. Como rede de liquidação, ele elimina intermediários, reduz custos, aumenta a segurança e democratiza o acesso à transferência de valor. Num mundo cada vez mais interconectado e digitalizado, compreender o papel do Bitcoin como camada base pode ser essencial para entender o futuro do dinheiro.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

People forget Bear Stearns failed March 2008 - months of denial followed before the public realized how bad the situation was under the surface.

Similar happening now but much larger scale. They did not fix fundamental issues after 2008 - everything is more fragile.

The Fed preemptively bailed out every bank with their BTFP program and First Republic Bank still failed. The second largest bank failure in history.

There will be more failures. There will be more bailouts. Depositors will be "protected" by socializing losses across everyone.

Our President and mainstream financial pundits are currently pretending the banking crisis is over while most banks remain insolvent. There are going to be many more bank failures as this ponzi system unravels.

Unlike 2008, we have the ability to opt out of these broken and corrupt institutions by using bitcoin. Bitcoin held in self custody is unique in its lack of counterparty risk - you do not have to trust a bank or other centralized entity to hold it for you. Bitcoin is also incredibly difficult to change by design since it is not controlled by an individual, company, or government - the supply of dollars will inevitably be inflated to bailout these failing banks but bitcoin supply will remain unchanged. I do not need to convince you that bitcoin provides value - these next few years will convince millions.

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If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ dfa02707:41ca50e3

Contribute to keep No Bullshit Bitcoin news going.

• Version 1.3 of Bitcoin Safe introduces a redesigned interactive chart, quick receive feature, updated icons, a mempool preview window, support for Child Pays For Parent (CPFP) and testnet4, preconfigured testnet demo wallets, as well as various bug fixes and improvements.

• Upcoming updates for Bitcoin Safe include Compact Block Filters.

"Compact Block Filters increase the network privacy dramatically, since you're not asking an electrum server to give you your transactions. They are a little slower than electrum servers. For a savings wallet like Bitcoin Safe this should be OK," writes the project's developer Andreas Griffin.

• Learn more about the current and upcoming features of Bitcoin Safe wallet here.

What's new in v1.3

• Redesign of Chart, Quick Receive, Icons, and Mempool Preview (by @design-rrr).
• Interactive chart. Clicking on it now jumps to transaction, and selected transactions are now highlighted.

• Speed up transactions with Child Pays For Parent (CPFP).
• BDK 1.2 (upgraded from 0.32).
• Testnet4 support.
• Preconfigured Testnet demo wallets.
• Cluster unconfirmed transactions so that parents/children are next to each other.
• Customizable columns for all tables (optional view: Txid, Address index, and more)
• Bug fixes and other improvements.

Announcement / Archive
Blog Post / Archive
GitHub Repo
Website

@ 7f6db517:a4931eda

People forget Bear Stearns failed March 2008 - months of denial followed before the public realized how bad the situation was under the surface.

Similar happening now but much larger scale. They did not fix fundamental issues after 2008 - everything is more fragile.

The Fed preemptively bailed out every bank with their BTFP program and First Republic Bank still failed. The second largest bank failure in history.

There will be more failures. There will be more bailouts. Depositors will be "protected" by socializing losses across everyone.

Our President and mainstream financial pundits are currently pretending the banking crisis is over while most banks remain insolvent. There are going to be many more bank failures as this ponzi system unravels.

Unlike 2008, we have the ability to opt out of these broken and corrupt institutions by using bitcoin. Bitcoin held in self custody is unique in its lack of counterparty risk - you do not have to trust a bank or other centralized entity to hold it for you. Bitcoin is also incredibly difficult to change by design since it is not controlled by an individual, company, or government - the supply of dollars will inevitably be inflated to bailout these failing banks but bitcoin supply will remain unchanged. I do not need to convince you that bitcoin provides value - these next few years will convince millions.

---

If you found this post helpful support my work with bitcoin.

@ 31a4605e:cf043959

Bitcoin, desde o seu surgimento em 2009, tem gerado uma variedade de histórias de sucesso e fracasso. Algumas dessas histórias são de pessoas que investiram cedo na criptomoeda e colheram os frutos de sua visão precoce, enquanto outras refletem os altos e baixos que caracterizam o mercado altamente volátil de Bitcoin. Ao longo dos anos, muitas dessas histórias tornaram-se emblemáticas, servindo tanto de inspiração quanto de alerta para quem entra nesse mercado.

Histórias de sucesso

O caso de Laszlo Hanyecz – A pizza de 10.000 Bitcoins Uma das histórias mais icônicas e, ao mesmo tempo, um exemplo do potencial e da volatilidade do Bitcoin, envolve Laszlo Hanyecz, um programador americano. Em 2010, Hanyecz pagou 10.000 bitcoins por duas pizzas. Na época, o valor das criptomoedas era tão baixo que essa transação passou despercebida, mas, em retrospectiva, os 10.000 bitcoins pagos por uma simples refeição valeriam centenas de milhões de dólares nos anos seguintes, quando o preço do Bitcoin disparou.

Essa história, muitas vezes citada, é um lembrete da enorme valorização do Bitcoin desde os seus primeiros dias. Embora Hanyecz não tenha ficado rico com essa transação, a história da "pizza de 10.000 bitcoins" tornou-se uma metáfora para o crescimento do Bitcoin, mostrando como uma pequena quantidade da moeda no início poderia ter mudado a vida de alguém para sempre.

O caso de Michael Saylor e a MicroStrategy no presente Michael Saylor, CEO da MicroStrategy, é outro exemplo de sucesso no mundo do Bitcoin. Em 2020, Saylor decidiu transformar a sua empresa numa das primeiras grandes corporações a investir pesadamente em Bitcoin, comprando mais de 100.000 bitcoins. A decisão foi inicialmente vista com ceticismo, mas ao longo do tempo, o preço do Bitcoin subiu consideravelmente, fazendo com que o investimento de Saylor se tornasse extremamente lucrativo. Para ele, o Bitcoin não era apenas um investimento especulativo, mas uma maneira de proteger a sua empresa da inflação e da desvalorização da moeda fiduciária.

Este caso é um exemplo de como uma aposta estratégica em Bitcoin pode resultar em grandes lucros para quem tem visão de longo prazo e confiança no potencial do ativo. A MicroStrategy tornou-se um dos maiores detentores de Bitcoin no mundo corporativo, e Saylor ganhou reconhecimento por ser um defensor do Bitcoin no mundo empresarial.

Histórias de fracasso

O caso de James Howells – O desaparecimento de 8.000 Bitcoins James Howells, um ex-empregado de TI de Gales, é um exemplo clássico de como a volatilidade e a negligência podem resultar em grandes perdas. Em 2013, Howells, que estava a minerar Bitcoin em casa, acumulou 8.000 bitcoins, que valiam cerca de 5.000 libras na época. Quando o mercado estava em queda, ele decidiu limpar o seu computador antigo e jogá-lo fora, sem perceber que os bitcoins estavam guardados em uma carteira digital nesse dispositivo.

Após a ascensão do preço do Bitcoin, Howells tentou recuperar o disco rígido, que estava enterrado numa lixeira em um aterro sanitário. Apesar das tentativas de convencer a cidade a permitir a escavação do aterro, o pedido foi negado, e ele nunca conseguiu recuperar os bitcoins. Este caso é um lembrete de como, sem a devida segurança e cuidado, até mesmo grandes fortunas podem ser perdidas no mundo das criptomoedas.

O colapso da Mt. Gox – A maior exchange de Bitcoin da história Uma das maiores histórias de fracasso envolvendo Bitcoin está relacionada à exchange Mt. Gox, uma plataforma de negociação de Bitcoin que, em 2014, faliu após alegadamente perder cerca de 850.000 bitcoins dos seus clientes, num valor superior a 450 milhões de dólares na época. A Mt. Gox foi, por um período, a maior exchange de Bitcoin do mundo, mas a sua falência foi um marco negativo na história do Bitcoin.

A falência da Mt. Gox foi causada por uma combinação de hacking, erros internos de segurança e má gestão. Embora alguns dos bitcoins perdidos tenham sido recuperados mais tarde, muitos investidores ficaram devastados pela perda dos seus fundos. Este incidente trouxe à tona a importância da segurança nas exchanges de Bitcoin e da responsabilidade das plataformas financeiras no manejo das criptomoedas de seus clientes.

O impacto da volatilidade e da adoção no mercado

As histórias de sucesso e fracasso envolvendo Bitcoin não são apenas anedotas, mas refletem a natureza imprevisível e arriscada do mercado de criptomoedas. O preço de Bitcoin pode flutuar drasticamente, o que significa que investidores podem tanto fazer grandes fortunas quanto sofrer grandes perdas. Enquanto alguns vêem Bitcoin como uma forma de alcançar a liberdade financeira e proteger-se contra a inflação, outros enfrentam o risco de perder tudo, como demonstrado pelos casos de fracasso.

A adoção crescente de Bitcoin em mercados emergentes, bem como a entrada de investidores institucionais, como a MicroStrategy e o próprio Elon Musk, são indicativos de que o Bitcoin está a ser cada vez mais reconhecido como uma alternativa legítima ao sistema financeiro tradicional. No entanto, as falências de exchanges e as perdas de grandes quantidades de Bitcoin destacam a necessidade de uma abordagem prudente e de uma infraestrutura mais robusta para garantir a segurança e a confiança dos utilizadores.

Resumindo, as histórias de sucesso e fracasso em torno do Bitcoin são um reflexo da natureza volátil e emergente desta moeda digital. Enquanto alguns ganharam milhões, outros perderam fortunas devido à falta de precaução, erros de gestão ou simplesmente pelo preço imprevisível da criptomoeda. Através destas histórias, fica claro que, embora o Bitcoin tenha o potencial de gerar grandes recompensas, ele também apresenta riscos significativos. Para aqueles que entram nesse mercado, é crucial estar preparado e consciente dos desafios que podem surgir, garantindo segurança e adotando uma estratégia de longo prazo para lidar com as incertezas e volatilidade do mercado.

Muito obrigado por teres lido o texto até aqui, espero que esteja tudo bem contigo e um abraço enorme do teu madeirense bitcoiner maximalista favorito. Viva a liberdade!